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1 ISKO. CAPÍTULO ESPAÑOL. CONGRESO (7º: 2005: BARCELONA) USER ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORIES A NEW ZEALAND CASE STUDY OF TAXONOMY DEVELOPMENT Elizabeth CASTLE, 1 Gerry MCCULLOUGH, 2 Gillian OLIVER, 2 1. Reserve Bank of New Zealand. Knowledge Centre (Wellington, New Zealand) 2. Open Polytechnic of New Zealand. School of Information and Social Sciences (Lower Hutt, New Zealand) Abstract Electronic documents are essential components of corporate memory in organisations. The strategies and tools used to organise electronic documents are key to successful access of the knowledge they contain. This paper explores this topic by presenting a case study of a public sector body in New Zealand and the implementation of a new knowledge repository. The case study describes user involvement in knowledge organisation and the development of a taxonomy to aid in the management of electronic content in a specialist environment. Keywords knowledge management in government, repositories, taxonomies, term selection, electronic document management, central banking, Reserve Bank of New Zealand 1 INTRODUCTION New Zealand is a dynamic environment for knowledge management activities, particularly in the public sector (MCCULLOUGH 2004), and the organisation of the corporate memory is a key concern. Electronic information is a critical component of the corporate memory, but frequently poorly managed. The purpose of this paper is to consider strategies and tools to organise the knowledge thus contained. It explores this topic by presenting a case study of a public sector body in New Zealand and the implementation of a new knowledge repository. The case study describes user involvement in knowledge organisation and the development of a taxonomy to aid in the management of electronic content in a specialist environment, and suggests that this taxonomy will have international applicability. The specialist environment under consideration is that of central banks. The paper is organised as follows. The first part considers the key terms used. This is followed by a description of the corporate en-
2 USER ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORIES 129 vironment of the case study. Issues encountered in implementing document management systems are considered. Finally, the conclusion summarises lessons learnt relating to user involvement in organising knowledge, and taxonomy development. 2 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS 2.1 Corporate memory Knowledge management in organisations should facilitate the flow of information to support decision-making and establish and maintain a recorded memory containing information artefacts, including documents and records created and stored electronically. The organisation s information store or memory is therefore crucial. Corporate memory has been defined as stored information from an organisation s history that can be brought to bear on present decisions, with information relating to decisions made and problems solved at its core (WALSH 1991). Corporate memories can have short and long-term components, with the actual length of time involved varying according to the nature of the business and its requirements (STEIN 1995). The extent to which memory influences and informs future actions will vary according to organisation (ANAND 1998). The nature of organisational memory has been linked to an organisation s personality (WEICK 1979) and its ability to learn; i.e., learning is dependent on previously acquired knowledge stored in its memory (ARGYRIS 1978; ROBEY 1995). The learning ability of an organisation is crucial for its success. If it easily forgets, it is continually re-creating itself on a subset of the totality of experiences that make up its memory. These concepts of the learning organisation and organisational memory have been linked to the problem of anthropomorphism (WALSH 1991). The implications are that organisations are in themselves cognitive entities. The danger is that attention will not be paid to the cultural values of individuals who collectively make up that organisation, therefore when considering the management of information within organisations, analysis has to extend beyond these formal systems to the way in which individuals interact with information. 2.2 Taxonomy Taxonomy has been defined as the science of classification. The purpose of a taxonomy is to establish a stability of nomenclature through the aegis of a formalized and universally accepted language that facilitates transmission of knowledge across time and the barriers of natural language (JACOB 2004, p. 523). The concept of a universally accepted language is particularly relevant to the case study reported here. A key objective of the development
3 130 E. CASTLE, G. MCCULLOUGH, G. OLIVER of an appropriate taxonomy to organise documents in the case study institution, is the applicability of that taxonomy to other institutions with similar functions and responsibilities, located in other parts of the world. 2.3 Central banking Central banks are a specific type of bank, and are distinct from commercial or trading banks. The functions of central banks may include maintaining price stability, ensuring the integrity of financial supervision including banking oversight, and meeting the currency needs of the public. They can be either country specific (e.g., the Banco de España) or established for a particular region (for example, the European Union s European Central Bank). A website listing maintained by the Bank for International Settlements in Basel indicates over 150 central banks worldwide (BANK 2004). 3 THE RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND New Zealand is a country with relatively small population (4 million), with large concentrations of the population in five main urban centres, Auckland being the largest with around 1 million, located about 700 km from Wellington, the nation s capital. New Zealand has a well-developed information infrastructure and has been compared to Finland in terms of its economic growth capabilities (WATSON 2002). Organisations in New Zealand are likely to be typically of the market bureaucracy type, where more reliance is placed on personal relationships between employees than on rules and hierarchies (HOFSTEDE 2001; MEAD 1990). The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) has played the leading role in developing the independence model of central banking. According to legislation (the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 1989), it is required to independently manage monetary policy to maintain price stability. During the 1990s it pioneered inflation targeting, banking supervision based on disclosure, and a wholesaling approach to cash management (RESERVE 2004). In addition, the Bank also issues New Zealand s currency. Internally, RBNZ s approach to knowledge management has continued this tradition of innovation. The Bank was a very early adopter of document management technology, and has used an electronic document management system since the early nineties. It was the first New Zealand government agency to combine information technology and information management functions organisationally, and to take a holistic approach to information management by incorporating library and archival functions in a single organisational unit. In order to more accurately convey the broad scope of its responsibilities, the Bank s library was renamed «Knowledge Centre» in At the time, this was considered sufficiently unusual to be worthy of critical comment in New Zealand s national press.
4 USER ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORIES 131 Overseas, solutions that have been devised to assist with the management of electronic documents in the public sector have included the DOMEA concept in Germany (ENGEL 2003), the PIVOT project in the Netherlands (MCKEMMISH 2005, p ) and SGDA in Catalonia (SER- RA 1999). It is noteworthy that the German and Spanish systems were based on existing records management practices, that is, a registry system of recording information relating to incoming and outgoing correspondence. In New Zealand, most if not all public sector bodies would have discontinued such practices in the restructuring of the sector that occurred in the 1980s. Consequently it cannot be assumed that the current generation of employees of government agencies in New Zealand will be convinced of the need to apply recordkeeping principles to documents, or be aware of the implications of not doing so. 3.1 Document management The RBNZ was the second site for document management in New Zealand when it implemented PC Docs in December During 2004 a bank-wide project selected a replacement document management system with greater functionality, and implementation of this began in A classification system for both electronic and paper documents had been developed, and was an integral feature of the initial document management system. Users were required to specify a file for all documents created, and also to assign keywords to documents. Experience has shown that a very low percentage of staff actually took responsibility in ensuring that documents were filed appropriately, and review of the contents of electronic files show that ease of use, i.e., default to the first available file number, more often than not appeared to be the factor that determined the classification of the document. Therefore the first available file (intended for documents relating to high level monetary policy decision making) in a drop-down list contains a diverse range of unrelated documents, including for instance a fax relating to avocado growing, and taxi travel in Wellington as well as all aspects of monetary policy. Furthermore, the closure of this particular file some years previously did not deter users from continuing to add documents to it. These attitudes were also reflected in the selection of keywords to documents created. Users were required to apply up to three keywords from a controlled list of terms. It was compulsory to assign at least one keyword. What in fact happened was that people established generally applicable default terms such as «administration» or «inflation» which were then assigned to all documents they created, regardless of content. Review of the keywords assigned to documents and assessment of their relevance showed that they were of so little value that the contents of this field were not migrated across to the new system. A further problem encountered in establishing an organisation-wide framework for the management of electronic documents was user reluctance to regard s as a part of the corporate memory, and to continue storing these as personal communications.
5 132 E. CASTLE, G. MCCULLOUGH, G. OLIVER New taxonomy development A new fileplan has been developed, based on the existing file classification but refining it to better reflect the bank s functions and activities by using internal expertise, and decisions about the length of time records need to be maintained documented in the retention schedule approved by the national archives authority. Initially it was planned to use functionality inherent in the new document management system to build the classification, but lack of time, resources, and limited knowledge within the Bank of a brand new software system, proved prohibitive. The fileplan provides a high-level classification of central banking functions, and forms the framework for the taxonomy. A standard process model: analyse design, build, test, refine implement, monitor and maintain (HARRIS 2003) was followed for the taxonomy development. Each function is being considered in turn, beginning with specialist areas such as monetary policy and financial stability and concluding with supporting functions such as information technology. A content management tool which is a part of the Bank s new document management system is being used to identify appropriate terms which are relevant to each function, and to assign a weighting to those terms. A key element of the development was user participation especially during the design / refine phase. A taxonomy group «Find It» was formed, consisting of subject matter experts with a wide breadth and depth of understanding of the business of central banking plus information management and technology representation. Inclusion of representation from the Bank s Data Unit was also considered critical for the Bank to achieve its desired outcome of standard taxonomy application across all types of information resident within the Bank s information systems. As well as the standard format types of unstructured content (.txt,.doc,.pdf,.xml,.html,.tiff,.xls), audio and video files, SMS, , Visio and Mindmapper, the Bank is keen to utilise the developed taxonomy for greater interrogation of its statistical databases, not only to gain more relevant search results but also to aid conceptual classification and enhanced business analysis. Information management staff used an information extraction engine to extract file properties, metatags and delineable text from parsed content for the initial establishment of the information vocabulary. Subject matter experts then tested the results against their own knowledge, expertise and understanding. During the refine stage weightings against terms were changed to better reflect the importance and rankings of the terms. The results were then retested with subject matter experts. To date the taxonomy developed has not been tested against a wider Bank audience and remains in a test environment. Initially the taxonomy is being customised for the RBNZ specifically, and then further development will be in collaboration with other central banks. The resulting schema will be made available to other central banks for comment and trial, and input into its future development will be encouraged. The Bank of England and the Bank for Inter-
6 USER ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORIES 133 national Settlements have expressed interest in involvement in this project. Two document sets are being used to identify the terms and phrases that reflect the Bank s activities. One document set consists of documents stored electronically since The other document set is composed of s covering the same period. The use of both document sets as sources of data is considered important in order to provide comprehensive coverage of both formal and informal communications, therefore ensuring that the resulting taxonomy reflects any language variations that are unique to different communication formats. The resulting thesaurus of terms will be an authoritative yet dynamic tool, modified to reflect any changes in terminology that occur. For instance, the tools used for inflation targeting change over time. Currently the prevalent tool is the official cash rate, or OCR. Previously, the monetary conditions indicator, or MCI was the preferred measure. The content management tool will handle the ongoing maintenance of the thesaurus. It will automatically identify new language used, and can then build relationships between terms. The problem of incorporating s into the corporate memory is being addressed partly by the implementation of the new document management system which can manage this format, but also by minimising as much as possible the extent to which users have to actively engage with the system in order to accomplish this step. The fileplan structure is mirrored in the Microsoft Outlook interface where desktop users manage their correspondence. Dragging and dropping an into an Outlook folder adds the to the corporate knowledge repository, because it will be automatically picked up by the document management system. Currently this has posed some problems in ensuring that any changes to the fileplan are reflected in Microsoft Outlook, and maintenance of a master spreadsheet which documents the fileplan and linkages to the retention and disposal schedule is considered essential. The problems encountered earlier with misfiling electronic documents have not been addressed per se by the new document management system. The old file classification has been mapped to the new fileplan any misfiled documents have therefore continued to be misfiled. It has therefore been essential to develop a tool that will provide another layer of filtering. The development of an accurate taxonomy is considered essential in order to provide a wide variety of accurate access points to electronic content, including that outside the scope of the document management system for example, the material on the bank s website. 4 CONCLUSIONS Although formal systems had been established to capture and organise electronic documents, lack of recognition or understanding by users of the significance of corporate memory did not contribute to building an effective repository. The extent to which this factor needs to be consid-
7 134 E. CASTLE, G. MCCULLOUGH, G. OLIVER ered in the development and design of systems is likely to be influenced by the culture of the organisation concerned. Automatic application of metadata to electronic documents minimises user responsibilities in selecting and assigning appropriate terms. Experience with document profiling and user input has indicated that where possible, software tools should be used to maintain the integrity of corporate knowledge organisation systems. Taxonomies need to be relevant to user needs, intuitive to use and reflect the shared understanding of subject matter experts. International collaboration and knowledge sharing between organisations with similar functions will result in sector specific taxonomies that are indeed «universally accepted languages». REFERENCES (ANAND 1998) ANAND, V., MANZ, C. C.; GLICK, W. H. «An organizational memory approach to information management». Academy of Management Review, v. 23, n. 4 (1998), p (ARGYRIS 1978) ARGYRIS, C.; SCHON, D. A. Organizational learning: a theory of action perspective. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, (BANK 2004) Bank of International Settlements. Central bank websites [electronic resource]. BIS, 30 November <http://www.bis.org/cbanks.htm>. [Cited 26 February 2005]. (ENGEL 2003) ENGEL, A.; WETTENGEL, M. «The DOMEA concept: from project to practice». Information Management Journal, (2003), p (HARRIS 2003) HARRIS, K.; CALDWELL, F.; KNOW, R. E. «A process model for creating a taxonomy». Gartner Research Report # (Gartner, Inc, 2003). (HOFSTEDE 2001) HOFSTEDE, G. Culture s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, (JACOB 2004) JACOB, E. K. «Classification and categorization: a difference that makes a difference». Library Trends, v. 52, n. 3 (2004), p (McCULLOUGH 2004) McCULLOUGH, G.; OLIVER, G.; SYMONDS, J.; BROWN, M. Knowledge management: a New Zealand survey into current practices. The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand, Working Paper. (McKEMMISH 2005) McKEMMISH, S.; REED, B.; PIGGOT, M. «The archives». In: McK- EMMISH, S.; PIGGOT, M.; REED, B.; UPWARD, F. (eds.). Archives: Recordkeeping in society. (Wagga Wagga, NSW: Centre for Information Studies, Charles Sturt University), p (MEAD 1990) MEAD, R. Cross-cultural management communication. New York: Wiley, (RESERVE 2004) Reserve Bank of New Zealand. Central banking in New Zealand [electronic resource] <http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/about/central_bankingnz.pdf>. [Cited 26 February 2005]. (ROBEY 1995) ROBEY, D.; WISHART, N. A.; RODRIGUEZ-DIAZ, A. G. «Merging the metaphors for organisational improvement: business process reengineering as a component of organizational elearning». Accounting, Management and Information Technologies, v. 5, n. 1 (1995), p (SERRA 1999) SERRA, J.; CANELA, M.; CAMPOS, I.; DOMINGO, J. «The integration of electronic records into a records management system [electronic resource]: the process of cost optimization». DLM-Forum (2nd: 1999: Brussels, Belgium).
8 USER ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORIES 135 <http://europa.eu.int/ispo/dlm/fulltext/full_serr_en.htm>. [Cited 22 April 2005]. (STEIN 1995) STEIN, E. W. «Organizational memory: review of concepts and recommendations for management». International Journal of Information Management, v. 15, n. 1 (1995), p (WALSH 1991) WALSH, J. P.; UNGSON, G. R. «Organizational memory». Academy of Management Review, v. 16, n. 1 (1991), (WATSON 2002) WATSON, R.; MYERS, M. D. «IT industry success in small countries: the cases of Finland and New Zealand». In: TAN, F. B., (ed.). Cases on global IT applications and management: successes and pitfalls. (Hershey, PA: Idea, 2002), p (WEICK 1979) WEICK, K. E. The social psychology of organizing. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1979.
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Taxonomy of Media Development30 Dec 2011
By Sankalpa Dashrath; Research Associate, The Media Map Project
A few weeks ago, I was given an assignment that got me very excited. I was asked to create a taxonomy of media development activities worldwide. The only condition was that the findings had to be visually represented in an attractive, easy to follow manner. My imagination ran wild as I started planning what I would create. The output would be lauded globally, I would be producing a document that everyone had always needed but never created. The plan was to chronicle every single milestone in the history of media development post WWII. I wanted to track each major donor, identify and analyze global giving trends and show them through an interactive data visual.
Unfortunately reality soon checked my runaway thoughts. Finding literature sources that meticulously chronicle media development was harder than I had expected. Some reports were US-centric excluding all other donors and activities. Others that included international donors were not detailed enough. Almost none focused on activities prior to the 1980's. Somehow through this patchwork of information I was able to weave together – what I hope – is a coherent picture. Finding the relevant information was only half the battle won. Next, I had to find a way to create a visual representation of it. Trolling through the hundreds of open source software sites, I began to realize just how limited my options would be. A technology neophyte with such specific requirements as mine was pretty much doomed it seemed. I finally settled on Dataviz; mainly because of a recommendation but also because it promised an actual connection between my imagination and output.
I ended up with a map of the world, showing media development activities in chunks of time over a fifty plus year period (I chose to show them from a donor perspective and did not mention any implementing organizations). I found that media development activities mostly followed a global theme – which underwent a transformation roughly every decade or so – and could be traced to the international events occurring around the world. Media development of the 90's saw a distinct focus on supporting post-Soviet countries, while the landscape after 9/11 turned to media development for democracy building and the most recent Arab spring portends a shift towards social media.
In the end, this assignment turned out to be just an interesting as I had anticipated but for reasons other than the ones I had imagined. Although I could not fulfill my original objective, I could definitely identify gaps in the information on media development activities, provide a snapshot view for the interested and a starting point for those willing to dig deeper.
Stay tuned for the timeline…

subset: commoncrawl


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Health Guide
Scales are a visible peeling or flaking of outer skin layers. These layers are called the stratum corneum.
Alternative Names
Skin flaking
Scales may be caused by dry skin, certain inflammatory skin conditions, or infections. Eczema, ringworm, and psoriasis are examples of skin disorders with scales.
High WA, Tomasini CF, Argenziano G, Zalaudek I. Basic principles of dermatology. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Schaffer JV, eds. Dermatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 1.
Review Date:
Reviewed By: Kevin Berman, MD, PhD, Atlanta Center for Dermatologic Disease, Atlanta, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


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What Type Do You Love?
With the start of college football season bringing September in, it only seemed appropriate that Gravitate graphic designer, and college football fanatic, Melanie Graham, should pick this month's typeface.
It has been said, If Gravitate were a gang of ragtag bank thieves, Melanie would be the fast-talking, cigar-chomping safecracker from the streets with a heart of gold. Since we've all given up a life of crime, Melanie shines as one of our most talented Designers, transforming worn out designs, logos, and branding with practiced ease.
Mel's Pick This Month…
"Neutraface Slab is a geometric slab serif designed by Christian Schwartz for House Industries. It can be difficult to find a "breathable" slab serif, but the linear geometry and open nature of this typeface renders a reading experience that's easy on eyes… even if it's bold italic. A personal favorite would be the display lightweight – it feels chic yet personable, as if I'm rocking a pair of green Kate Spade heels while cuddling with a pair of puppies.
The original san serif version was influenced by Richard Neutra, a modernist architect known for his progressive use of open space geometric forms. While designing the typeface over a period of a year, Schwartz partnered with Neutra's son, Dion Neutra, to draw inspiration from signs and buildings designed by his father. Neutraface Slab was released in 2009 with a healthy array of both display and text weights."


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Assistant Professor/Associate Professor/Professor in Design
Hunan University - School of Design
Sorry, but the advert you were looking for has expired.
To see more employment opportunities with Hunan University, please click here.
Perhaps you were looking for something totally different? In that case, it might be best start a new job search from our Home Page. You might also find our Site Map useful too.


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Good Morning Beautiful Women!
Yay! We made it into another beautiful day!
I really want to emphasize to you all that regardless of who you are, what your scenario may or may not be..... I know each of you are so amazing and beautiful. So different and unique offering something different to this world we live in. It really is something to be proud of and yet so often over looked, under appreciated or not even thought about. For lack of sounding so cliché, "You Are Beautiful" and it's time you open your eyes, your mind, and your heart to receive these words.... "You are Beautiful and Amazing"
Here is some food for thought shared by another beautiful woman......
"Carry out a random act of kindness, with no expectation of reward, safe in knowledge that one day someone might do the same for you"
~Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales~
Smile, it's contagious :)
Hugs and High Fives


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"Enlightened statesmen will not always be at the helm" —James Madison
Friday, July 21, 2006
Wizards of OS 4, Berlin, 14-17 Sep
is shaping up to be a spectacular conference in Berlin in September, with confirmed speakers including Larry Lessig, Yochai Benkler and the Brazilian government's head of digital culture. There are also two free-music club nights :) If you book soon you should be able to get a pretty cheap train or airfare through one of the low-cost airlines and find reasonably-priced accommodation.
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Ian Brown
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holiday gifts
Latest holiday gifts
Techie Gifts For Her: SHOP Fashionable, Functional Presents
Has being a techie ever been so stylish? I don't think so! Fashion truly meets function in our great techie gifts roundup, where you can find something for everyone — and you can SHOP all of our top picks right here. Read on for tips and browse our fave gifts if you're still searching for some inspiration.
Everyone has that friend who never puts down her phone. You know, the one who always needs to capture a photo of your food before you can actually take a bite? The one who lamented over the fact that her fave Snapchat filter mysteriously disappeared? The gal who has perfected her selfie? Yup, we're talking about that girl! If you think nothing can ever make her happier than seeing a full charge on her phone and a WIFI password, you're wrong — it turns out that there's a slew of other great gifts you can give her that will totally satisfy her need to stay connected. See our cool picks and SHOP if you're still searching for the perfect gift.
Stocking Stuffers: Shop 75 Must Have Beauty Gifts Under $25
Good things come in small packages, right? Some of my favorite gifts to give and get are stocking stuffers, and I've rounded up 75 you can shop for right now!
Stocking stuffers are fun, quick, affordable presents that you can gift to anyone in your family or circle of friends. Beauty gifts are especially great for stocking stuffers because they are low in cost and small, not to mention adorable! Shop my favorite beauty stocking stuffers below!
SHOP: The Hottest Princess Toys For Girls Under The Age of 10
HollyMoms & HollyDads — there are so many fun gift ideas for the little princess-lover in your life this holiday season. Check out our list of the trendiest princess gifts for your little one!
Ugly Christmas Sweaters — SHOP 15 Festive Tops
Now that Christmas is actually a week away, all of the Holiday parties are rolling in. For those of you attending any Ugly Christmas Sweater parties, (our fave!), we have got you covered on 15 of the ugliest, funniest, and cutest tops that you can wear!
With Christmas just around the corner, there are so many Holiday parties. Whether it's with your friends, family, or co-workers, the most fun parties are Ugly Christmas Sweater parties. If you haven't already borrowed your Grandma's old vest or knitted sweater, we have put together 15 festive sweaters that will lighten up any party.
Gifts For Him: SHOP Presents For Every Guy On Your List
Whether you're shopping for your dad, brother or boyfriend, we've totally got you covered! From stylish gifts for the trendy dude on your list to practical finds and fun presents, there's something for everyone. SHOP if you want to make every guy on your list happy this holiday season!
What to get the guy in your life? Shopping for him isn't always easy — but that doesn't mean it's impossible. We've rounded up cool presents for every guy in your life, so all you have to do is browse our picks, read our tips and SHOP…after all, the holidays are upon us!
DIY Christmas Gifts — Shop 10 Cute & Creative Presents
DIY gifts are the perfect Christmas presents to give. They are not only fun for your friends or family to create, but they can also be so much fun for you guys to do together! We put together 10 of the best presents to give the crafty pal in your life and you're going to…
Holiday Gift Guide: 60+ Items That Would Make The Perfect Present
It's the most wonderful time of year, but surely, it could also be the most stressful — yuck. Have no fear, HollywoodLife.com is here to help. So kick back and check out our guide of must-have items for this holiday season. Believe us, you may want to snag these gifts for yourself!
HollywoodLifers, are you currently scrambling to find the perfect gift this holiday season? Well look no further — our guide of must-have items will solve your shopping problems. The recipient will be squealing with delight— trust us, we know gifts!
What To Wear Meeting The Parents — 10 Perfect Pieces
During the Holidays, meeting your significant other's parents for the first time can sometimes be inevitable. You want to dress to impress to make the perfect first impression. From skater dresses to blazers and jeans, we have got you covered on the most appropriate and adorable looks to meet the parents for the very first…
Check Out The Top 8 Christmas Desserts For The Holiday Season
First comes presents, then comes food! Yes, we can't wait to eat, eat and eat again during the holidays but we must admit the best meal is dessert. In case you're still trying to figure out the main course, HollywoodLife.com has dessert covered for you. Check out our eight dessert ideas that are delicious and…
Christmas Gifts For Mom — SHOP 20 Perfect Presents
The one person that is so easy to get a gift for is always Mom because you can literally draw a picture on a post-it, wrap it up, give it to her, and she will flip out and tell you how much she loves it. Yes, that's great, but we all know what Mom really…
Secret Santa Gifts — SHOP 10 Great Gift-Giving Options Under $25
If your Secret Santa or White Elephant parties are coming up soon and you don't know what to get, we just made it much easier for you! We put together 10 great gift-giving options that anyone will love!
Holiday Pet Gifts — SHOP 25 Purrfect Presents For Your Cats & Dogs
Christmas is around the corner and if you haven't already shopped the cutest little gifts for your furry friends, now is the time. We have rounded up the most adorable Christmas presents for your cats and dogs and you can SHOP them right here!
Believe it or not, Christmas is just a week away and we have no idea where the time went! Is it just us or did you feel super rushed this year when it came to buying gifts? Luckily, we still have a little over a week to get our last minute shopping in and we cannot fur-get about our little furry friends. We have rounded up 25 of the cutest little Holiday presents for your cat or dog and you are going to be obsessed!
Secret Santa: 8 Beauty Gifts That Will Delight Your Co-Workers
Struggling to figure out what to gift your co-worker for the office's secret Santa exchange? These beauty gift sets are so good you're going to want to keep them for yourself!
Holiday Gifts For Her: SHOP 55 Perfect Presents
Don't know what to get your favorite female? Whether you're shopping for mom, sister, BFF or girlfriend we've totally got you covered! SHOP our stylish, unique ideas in every price range and you're bound to impress everyone on your list.
The holiday season sure creeped up on us this year — but there's still plenty of time to SHOP for that perfect present for every leading lady in your life. From your trendy teen cousin to your cool co-worker, stylin' girlfriend and chic mom, we've rounded up the best gifts for everyone on your shopping list — and you can scoop them up RIGHT HERE!


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|Home > Terilynn
♀ Terilynn
What does Terilynn mean?
Terilynn [ter-i-lynn] as a name for girls is an Old German name, and the name Terilynn means "late summer". Terilynn is an alternate form of Terry (Old German): pet form of Teresa.
VARIANT Terelynn
RELATIONS VIA TERRY Teriana, Teriann, Terryn, TerynCREATIVE FORMS
(male) MIDDLE NAME PAIRINGS
Terilynn Avarie (T.A.), ..
How popular is Terilynn?
Terilynn is an unusual first name for females. Terilynn is an equivalently unusual last name too for all people. (2000 U.S. CENSUS)
Which version is better?with its source form and related girl names. The only popular varying form of Terilynn (OUTSIDE TOP 2000) is Terry. This relation of Terilynn was at the height of its popularity during the years 1950-1959 (#97), but now, Terry has fallen out of fashion. (TOP 2000 NAMES, 2015)
Similar Names
Terilynn is pronounced similarly to Taralyn, Taralynn, Teralyn and Terelyn. Other suggested similar names are Addilynn▲, Arlynn, Cailynn, Caralynn, Carilyn, Carilynne (see Caroline), Carlynn, Carolynn, Cecilyann (see Cecilia), Charilynn (see Cherilyn), Cherilyn, Cherilynn, Cherilynne (see Cherilyn), Cherylynn, Doralynn, Geralyn, Geralynn, Geralynne, Gerilynn, Gerrilyn, Jenalynn, Jeralyn, Jerelyn, Jerilene, Jerilyn, Jerilynn, Jerrilyn, Jesslynn, Karalynn, Karilyn, Karilynn, Karlynn, Karolynn, Keriann, Kerilyn, Kerrynn, Lorilyn, Lorilynn, Maralynn (see Marilyn), Marcilynn, Marilyn▼, Marilynn▼, Marilynne, Marlynn, Marylynn, Merlyn, Saralynn, Sharilynn (see Cherilyn), Sherilyn, Sherilynne, Sherlynn, Tamilyn, Tarynn, Terin, Terina, Teryna (see Terena) and Trelane. These names tend to be more commonly used than Terilynn.See names in meaning and etymology.


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With First Tutors: Music you can search for a Hove tenor horn teacher. Tenor Horn tuition are a brilliant method to learn a stimulating new hobby, acquire a new talent and gain confidence with tenor horn. Try our service to find Hove tenor horn teachers and select which suits your needs so you can begin your tenor horn tuition in Hove today!
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BOONTON TWP. - With some budget numbers not yet finalized, the Board of Education has scheduled a special meeting for 7:30 p.m. on Thursday, March 14, to adopt a 2002-03 school budget for submission to the county superintendent.
Superintendent John Sakala noted at the Thursday, March 7, board meeting that a disagreement with Mountain Lakes on the tuition rate to be charged to Boonton Township for its children attending Mountain Lakes High School was preventing both districts from finalizing their budgets in time for adoption at regular meetings.
He said the dispute, triggered in part by an audit done by Boonton Township, is now in the hands of Morris County Superintendent Rene Rovtar.
The local grade K-8 district has just one school. Boonton Township students attend Mountain Lakes High School under a sending-receiving relationship.
A freeze in state aid to school districts will not affect the local grade K-8 district significantly, according to the superintendent.
"We were at a meeting in East Brunswick about the aid and what we initially heard, that distance learning aid, would be taken away, has not happened." Sakala said the township gets $31,000 in distance learning aid.
"We get $600,000 in state aid on an $8 million budget," noted Sakala. He said because it is not a huge part of the budget, it will not be a significant factor in the planning for the coming school year.
Washington Trip Is On
On another matter, Sakala said the administration had decided to go ahead with an eighth grade trip to Washington, D.C., planned prior to the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C.
"Although the world has changed since September, we can't bury our head in the sand," said Sakala. "I think it is inportant to go on the trip. Some other districts have chosen not to go, but Washington is probably one of the most secure places now and we will go and see the sites."
Sakala said he plans to personally go down and join the group. He said he will arrive on the evening of the first day and other chaperones already are in place.
Sakala and board member Keith Reidel also briefly reported on their trip to Drumthwacket, the governor's mansion, for a reception with Gov. James E. McGreevey earlier that day.
"There were about 1,200 people there," said Sakala, "Keith Reidel stood so close to the governor that the Mountain Lakes Board of Education president (Susan McCusker) asked if he was going to speak next."
Melissa DiCola, the Mountain Lakes student representative to the board, said the students had just completed some standardized tests. She said the students were not happy about having to go to three hours of classes after taking the tests. She said they suggested half days on days when tests are administered would be helpful.


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Quick Time Event is a Middle of Nowhere Gaming podcast series.
On the second episode of Quick Time Event, the team discussed their expectations for the Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony conferences at E3 next week. So what do you think will be announced?
Click here to listen to the MP3 version!
Or watch the YouTube version below!


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Description: The best new ideas for differentiating instruction!You know that differentiation is the best way to reach each and every student in your classroom, but where do you begin? For more than a decade, educators everywhere have unlocked the mysteries of differentiation with this best-selling book. Now newly revised and updated, this practical resource helps you adjust your teaching with: Strategies to reach more learners through engagement and choiceA new lesson on unit planning with a template for planning from the Common Core State StandardsA focus on acceleration, critical thinking, equity, and support to give students the best learning opportunities
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All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.
List price: $32.95Edition: 3rdCopyright year: 2013Publisher: Corwin PressPublication date: 12/4/2012Binding: PaperbackPages: 232Size: 8.50" wide x 11.50" long x 0.50" tall Weight: 1.716Language: English
Gayle Gregory is an internationally known consultant who has specialized in brain compatible learning and differentiated instruction and assessment.She presents practical teacher/student-friendly strategies grounded in sound research that educators find easy to use in the classroom or schoolhouse tomorrow. Her interactive style and modeling of strategies help teachers and administrators transfer new ideas with ease.She has had extensive experience in elementary, middle and secondary schools, community colleges and universities. Gayle has also had district leadership roles including curriculum coordinator and staff development director. She has worked with Instructional Leadership Teams in many schools and district throughout the country focusing on data analysis, using assessment, both formative and summative, and differentiating instruction based on readiness, learning profiles and interests.Her areas of expertise include brain-compatible learning, block scheduling, emotional intelligence, instructional and assessment practices, differentiated instructional strategies, using data to differentiate, literacy, presentation skills, renewal of secondary schools, enhancing teacher quality, coaching and mentoring, managing change and building professional learning communities.She is the author and co-author of numerous publications for teachers and administrators.Gayle believes in life long learning for herself and others.nbsp;
Carolyn Chapman is an international educational consultant, author, and teacher who has taught in kindergarten to college classrooms. Her interactive, hands-on professional development training sessions challenge educators to use strategies that ensure success for learners of all ages. Chapman has written many books about differentiated instruction, multiple intelligences, multiple assessments, and the brain-compatible classroom. She is coauthor with Gayle Gregory of the landmark Corwin Press book Differentiated Instructional Strategies: One Size Doesn't Fit All.
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Connecting Families to Senior Living
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Contact this community at:
(866) 333-2174
2787-2789 Southwest 33rd Avenue
Facility License: 8520
Caretypes Provided: Residential Care Home
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*Prices quoted are monthly rental charges and are provided by the communities themselves. Actual prices may differ due to one-time fees, timing and care services required. Speak with your Senior Living Advisor to learn more.
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Assisted Living Retirement Home II is located in Miami, Florida, situated in a quiet residential neighborhood. Just a few miles away is the beautiful Biscayne Bay and historical Biscayne National Park. Miami is well known for the warm climate and temperatures that remain in the 70's and 80's year round. A close knit residential community, our retirement home has a fourteen resident capacity with private and shared rooms available. Wheelchair accessible showers are provided for residents who require them. Healthy meals are prepared for our community members, with the option of a vegetarian diet. Indoor and outdoor common areas are provided for relaxation and visit with guests. On site devotionals are held and everyone is invited, but not required, to attend. Although indoor smoking is prohibited, our residents are welcome to smoke out doors. We recognize the close bond that people can develop with pets, some are considered family members, and we welcome pets at the home. Our senior care residence is designed for elderly people who may need some assistance with daily tasks, such as help getting dressed, bathing or taking medications. To ensure our residents receive the help and care they need, we have caring nurses on staff, a doctor on call and a visiting dentist. For medical needs, Mercy Outpatient Clinic is only eighteen minutes away and the Jackson Memorial Hospital is located only 11 minutes from our residence. We are an assisted living residence specializing in senior care, and understand how crucial independent living can be for the self esteem of the elderly. Choosing to move a loved out of their home and into a senior care facility can be stressful for everyone involved. But knowing they will be living where they will get the assistance, care and support they need can help ease that stress.
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Assisted Living Retirement Home II
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"Getting started is the most important step that anyone has to
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Kay S., Found Assisted Living in Pensacola, FL
I am very happy with them, so far. The food is good. It's clean and the staff is friendly. I don't have any major complaints. I would give them a five, they do a very good job. more...
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A Place for Mom is the largest assisted living referral service. We are paid by our participating communities, therefore our service is offered at no charge to families.
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First of all, I'm not a dedicated Saudi Apple fan. I use Mac for editing, but for my phones I use both Android and iPhone. I have also tried many Samsung machines and they are of course very popular in Saudi Arabia too.
I believe to test a camera properly you need to push it, out in the field. That's where it is supposed to serve its purpose. For us in Saudi Arabia, where we tend to stay indoors and use our cameras at night as the weather is so hot during the day, that means testing them in low light..
These are my six reasons why the iPhone is a better phone video tool:
1. Large Aperture
Images are all about light. I'm not talking about the creativity of the light. Images depend on light, literally. When you give the camera more light it delivers a better photo or frame of a video. The aperture number tells you how much light the camera shutter allows to reach the sensor. The aperture of the iPhone 6 lens is f/2.2 which is very large. That's great! That means better LOW LIGHT performance.
Wider aperture = more light into the sensor.
2. 8 Megapixels Only
The Galaxy Note 4 has a 16 megapixels camera, but a 1080p image doesn't require more than two megapixels. Extra megapixels waste the light, which leads to noisy image in low light conditions! Eight megapixels is a good number to take photos and videos on a phone camera. The Red One Cinema Camera is less than 14 megapixels and it delivers incredible 5k video.
3. Optical image stabilization (iPhone 6 plus only)
The camera on the iPhone 6 plus has a gimbal that holds it steady. That helps stabilize the video. In other words, when you record a video the tiny camera actually shakes inside the phone in order to make the shot steadier. It was a big shock for me that Apple added this into a phone!
4. Slow Motion
Filming in 240fps is great as it means that the phone is able to record 10 times the speed of what is happening in reality! I like to use it on trips with my family and friends.
5. Accessories
The number of accessories available for iPhone is crazy. Where can I start? There are tonnes of sliders made specifically for the iPhone. Steady-cams, tele-lenses adapters and super wide ones, not just stickers!
6. Apps, Apps , and Apps ..
The IOS Appstore is full of video filming or editing apps. The most common one is iMovie. In my next post I will share with you more apps that are very easy to use and fun!
Thank you!
Mohammed Baqer
find me online:


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Chapter 1
"Mother what's that smell?" Asked Snowflower? Though only a babe Snowflower knew what it meant when her mother sniffed, stiffened and then called her father in all the while putting food into a rucksack. Flitchaye! Snowflower's parents had already gotten the hut ready for the smell and attack and they were handing wild ransoms for her to stick up her nose. "There to close." said Thimble, Snowflower's Mother, "Snowflower come here." Her father Brave bark called in a grave voice, he hugged her and then let go "Snowflower you have to run it not safe, go to Redwall abbey it not far off, keep heading east and you will find a path and the follow that path and go north, you will soon see Redwall knock on the gates and tell Abbot Glisam Brave Bark sent you. I am sorry to tell you but we will try and stall these Flitchaye but we can't hold them off for long so run fast for they will be coming. Me and your mother love you we wish it could be different but you will have a peaceful life at Redwall abbey. Go now we love you and don't forget that." He ran past me as screams filled the air. I ran so hard I didn't know where the energy came from. I looked back I could see what looked like flitchaye moving and attacking my parents I never forgot that image. Soon I was out of sight and I slowed to a trot. I was hungry. I found a secluded spot that could only be seen from a certain angle I hoped the flitchaye would not come this way. Snowflower could still hear the screams but they were growing faint so she decided to sleep.
Chapter 2
Dawns light was dancing on the stones of Redwall and activity was just starting for the days wonderful activities today was the first of fall and it was the nameday feast all young and old was excited there was going to be games and food. Abbess Misna was what one would call an old head on young shoulders she was almost into her middle seasons but wiser than some of the elders above her. This sprightly young otter bounded out of bed ready before anyone else for her daily morning walk around the ramparts. Misna was frustrated. As skipper came up behind her and tapped her rudder she jumped. "What wrong Mother Misna?" "I can't think of a name for the season!" she complained. "Well remember those apple seeds that, that wanderer brought us" "you mean the golden ones?" "Yes he said smiling they are starting to grow why not 'autumn of the golden apples'?" "That sounds great" Misna replied excitedly. As she rushed off to tell her friend and dearest family member her brother Adler. "Have you seen Adler?" she asked the moles "Burr aye ee playim wi' dibbunses ova der." Foremole pointed to the pond "thanks!" Misna yelled back at them as she ran toward the pond. Adler was watching the dibbuns and playing with them as Misna ran up to them "Adler I got a name for the nameday its autumn of the golden apples!" "That sounds great sis." Adler beamed the great brawny otter said.
Back in the kitchens Friar Dew the old mouse in charge of the kitchens was hurrying along with the feast "watch that meadow cream! Slow down you too moles. Make sure those pasties don't burn sister honey. Petal can you bring me those almond slices meadow cream and strawberries!" "Sure Friar!" Said a pretty young mouse named petal. Friar dew was just putting the finishing touches on her center piece trifle. As Misna came in" Friar Dew its going to still be warm out tonight so lets have the feast on the grounds ok" said Misna Smiling "Fine, fine Foremole go take your moles and start setting up the orchard for the feast tonight."
After all the preparations and the dibbuns all clean they went on with the feast but first Misna said prayer
To all young and old May this feast last long As the days pass On this new named season Autumn of the golden apples
They cheered and all the food was brought out loafs and cakes pasties trifles as far the eye could see.
Chapter 3
Snowflower was walking along the path battered, thirsty, hungry, tired and sore as she came to the path. She just kept walking thinking that her time was finally up but then she saw Redwall over the trees she got some new energy but just a bit she had flint and steel she also had a candle when she got to the big gates and knocked and said "Hello Is anybody there?" Nobody answered but Snowflower could here feasting going on inside Snowflower had an idea she found some rocks in the ditch across the path and she started throwing them over the wall. On the other side on hit skipper on the head while he was dozing "HUH!" he jumped and rallied his crew "Marm we might be under attack so stay put until we see what's going on." He said to Misna. "NO I am coming to see." So they went to the wall and looked over. Snowflower had lit her candle as the Redwaller's looked over the walls. All skipper saw was the candle, but Misna saw something else "Oh My Gosh it's a babe squirrel!! Open the gate!" she said as she ran down the stairs and through open the gates and took Snowflower into the abbey Snowflower just passed out there from exhaustion and hunger.
When Snowflower awoke she was in a bed in a white room and a otter was towering over her "Oh your awake that's good" Misna smiled "where am I" Snowflower asked groggily "oh your in Redwall abbey well the infirmary to be more exact." "I'm hungry" said Sunflower suddenly more awake she tried to get up "no you stay here I'll get you some food." And she rushed off. As soon as Misna was you of the room Snowflower got up and left the infirmary it was evening so all the elders were up but the dibbuns were abed and Snowflower walked into the dormitory but didn't want to sleep so she found the cavern hole it was a cozy place with a fire in the middle. There were creatures by the fire so Snowflower didn't go there and then she saw the gates so she slipped outside and slept in the orchard underneath the golden moon and the golden apples.
When Misna came back with the food she dropped it as soon as she saw that Snowflower was not there. She went to find skipper and Alder they were in the cavern hole "have you seen the squirrel babe that was in the infirmary I went to get her some food and she's not there?!" Both of them jumped up "No, we will search in the morning it's to late now." Skipper said.
Chapter 4
Snowflower awoke just before dawn and she started walking and exploring the grounds but skipper was already up and he saw here from the ramparts. He didn't want to scare her but coming up behind her and saying "Ha I got you now." Kind of did the trick with making her scream and pass out of fright. Again Snowflower awoke but this time with 3 otters and sister honey, the infirmary keeper looking at her. "Tut tut in my infirmary twice a day not good, not good at all." "Oh good your ok now that your awake you can tell me who you are and how you got here." "ok here is my story I am Snowflower daughter of brave bark and thimble and my father told me to tell Abbot Glisam that brave bark sent me and I came here because my parents have been ….well I'll just say I ran before the flitchaye actually got to my house but my parents didn't get away and I travelled here that's my story. Misna was stunned "um Glisam passed a way a while back. You mean that brave bark was still alive I thought he died long ago when he left here." "What do y... "Ok that is enough talk of death and dying for one day let her go outside and mingle with the dibbuns and young people." Interrupted sister honey.
So Snowflower was put into clean clothes and sent outside but Snowflower didn't want to talk so she just hung out in the orchard on top of a golden apple tree watching the abbey life. . When a young male Squirrel came up behind her and covered her eyes with his tail. "What?" Snowflower yelped. When she took his tail off she saw a handsome young male squirrel about 3 seasons older than her. He had a smile on his face. "You're new here right?" Snowflower mumbled "yeah." "What's your name?" He asked curiously "Snowflower." She mumbled again. "What's yours?" "Tamarack. Are you participating in the games?" "No I don't want to." "Are you fast?" "Well kind of." "Then participate!" With that he ran out of the orchard waving all the way.
There was moles with there rustic speech and plain logic, mice with there gardening and bee keeping, squirrels with there climbing, and otters with their swimming but today was different today was the day after the feast it was games day.
Today everybody quit work and just played games. First activity is the wall and ground race. The wall race is refereed by Misna and the ground race by the bellringer a mouse named ginger she has a strange kind of fur with a reddish tinge to it. First is the wall race this is only for the brave and fleet of foot. When Misna saw the groups of animals she couldn't see on .Snowflower. "Have you seen Snowflower?" Misna asked the onlookers "Snowflower who?" asked a middle aged otter "there is nobody named Snowflower here." Misna sighed "ok the first one to find her and bring her back here gets a bag of candied chestnuts she is a squirrel babe with a white spot on her nose and a white spot on the base of her tale the white spots look like flowers." Everybody broke up and within half an hour Snowflower was brought out unwillingly by skipper "come on you come and join these activities with these young ones. So Snowflower was put in the wall race with Tamarack, Marden A mouse, and Hijjy A hare. nobody knew it but Snowflower was fast I mean really fast as soon as they said go she was in the lead and when they were halfway around she was ¾ done and then when they got to the end. Snowflower was breathing normally. She won and everyone congratulated her. Snowflower was shy only ever knowing her mum and dad so she ran away as soon as things got overwhelming which was quickly. Snowflower went back into her tree and just sat watching the search for her she just wanted to leave but her father had told her to stay as his last wish she would obey it. Then suddenly the recorder Lily a stately young mouse came out yelling "I FOUND SOMETHING WE NEED TO KNOW!" everyone crowded around her and She said ………
stay tuned :)


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Subjects taught at LSE | Services and divisions (administration)
All research groups | Research subject areas
Connect with IDEAS:
9th floor, Towers 1 & 3
Clement's Inn
London, WC2A 2AZ
Tel: (+44) 020 7849 4918
Email : firstname.lastname@example.com
The International Drug Policy Project (IDPP) is a cross-regional and multidisciplinary project, designed to establish a global centre for excellence in the study of international drug policy.
By utilising LSE's academic expertise and networks, IDPP fosters new research, analysis and debate of global drug policies as well as training of LSE's world-class students. Further, through developing innovative social science research methods and evidence analysis, it helps design and implement new policies at local, national, regional and international levels.
History of the International Drug Policy Project
In 2012, IDEAS released the Governing the Global Drug Wars Report. It represented a far reaching examination of the historical evolution of the international drug control system and discussed potential options for reform.
Following this report, the Expert Group on the Economics of Drug Policy was created to produce a thorough and independent economic analysis of the current international drug control strategy. It aims to provide the hard economic evidence required by policy makers to make sound tactical and strategic decisions as they pursue a more effective approach to the managing global drug issue.
The Expert Group's ground-breaking study, Ending the Drugs Wars, was published in 2014. This hugely influential report was named one of the one of the top ten policy studies by a think-tank worldwide.
The IDPP expanded, developing Policy Initiatives with governments around the world and hosting Policy Planning Workshops to research and examine the economic and social scientific evidence on global drug policy.
In 2016 the Expert Group published After the Drug Wars, ahead of the UN General Assembly Special Session on Drugs (UNGASS). The report was presented before its release to the Colombian government at a packed event in Bogota and at an UN meeting in Vienna.
The project also appointed Ana Linda Solano as Visiting Fellows and Mark Shaw as Head of Teaching, held the first IDEAS-GIZ Innovation Lab was held in Rome, and co-hosted 2016 Nobel Peace Prize winner Colombian President Santos at LSE.
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Use of this website is subject to, and implies acceptance of, its Terms of use (including Copyright and intellectual property, Privacy and data protection and Accessibility). The London School of Economics and Political Science is a School of the University of London. It is a charity and is incorporated in England as a company limited by guarantee under the Companies Acts (Reg no. 70527).The registered office address of the School is: The London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7405 7686