text:
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Dr. David Chambers, MD is an ear, nose, and throat doctor who practices in Medford, OR. He is 59 years old and has been practicing for 31 years. Dr. Chambers is affiliated with Asante Rogue Regional Medical Center and Providence Medford Medical Center....See Less
For the best healthcare for your needs, choose a doctor who specializes in your medical condition.
Check to see that this provider treats your medical condition.
Check to see that this provider performs the procedure that you need.
Check to see if your provider has any malpractices, board actions, or sanctions.
Learn more about where this provider went to medical school, residency, and more.
Check to see what languages this provider and/or staff speak.
View memberships and affiliations associated with this provider.
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Chambers to family and friends is 4.5 out of 5
Ear, Nose, and Throat
Ear, Nose, and Throat
Family Medicine
Family Medicine

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, Google+, MySpace, and LinkedIn have taken off. They are now among the top sites visited among the entire World Wide Web. As you might have guessed, the open source community has some involvement in the social networking space.
A social networking service focuses on building social relations among people, e.g., who share interests or activities. A social network service essentially consists of a representation of each user, his/her social links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are web based and provide means for users to interact over the internet, share ideas, discuss shared concerns etc. Here is a list of 12 open source platforms to build your own social networking website.
Best open source CMS to build your own social networking website
BuddyPress is an open source social networking software package owned by Automattic. "Social networking, in a box. Everything you need to start your own self-hosted and WordPress-powered social network". Download
Check out: Best Free and Premium BuddyPress Themes 2017
Dolphin is a CMS that lets you create social networks, dating sites and web communities. It comes loaded with video chat, recorder, video player, forums, groups, events, video messaging, emails, file sharing as well as desktop and mobile apps. Demo | Download
This powerful open source social networking engine is one of the most popular development platforms. Its built to run on the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP) platform. It offers blogging, microblogging, file sharing, networking, groups, and numerous other features. Download
Jcow is a flexible social networking CMS coded in PHP. Jcow makes it easy&interesting to create Social Networks and online communities.
Beatz is a free opensource online social networking community script that allows you to start your own favourite artist band website just like Pure Volume. The script is coded in Php, Mysql and licensed under Creative Commons GPL license.
Demo | Download
PeoplePods claims to be "a developer friendly social software toolkit". The CMS is flexible and is well-backed by active development.
Pligg CMS
Pligg is an open source CMS (Content Management System) that you can download and use for free. Pligg CMS provides social publishing software that encourages visitors to register on your website so that they can submit content and connect with other users.
Oxwall is unbelievably flexible and easy to use PHP/MySQL community software platform. Oxwall is used for a wide range of projects starting from family sites and custom social networks to collaboration tools and enterprise community solutions.
Inspired by the latest Web technologies and built on top of the Web parts infrastructure, MonoX allows you to design and develop next generation ASP.NET Web applications and social networks.
Etano lets you create a social network, dating website and other collaborative sites. It doesn't really offer many unique features, but it can surely suffice for a small social networking project.
Demo | Download
Hotaru CMS
Hotaru CMS is an open source, PHP platform for building your own websites. With flexible plugins and themes, you can make any site you like. The most common use for Hotaru is social bookmarking.
Demo | Download
LiveStreet CMS
LiveStreet CMS lets you create social networks and team blogs. It offers many extensions and multilingual translations.
Also check out: 20 Free Open Source eCommerce Platforms to Create a Website


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Enjoy 7 days free and 3 more when you post your first photo. Communicate free by mail and in our forums.
Yes, we're Christian owned and have been successfully matching Christian singles since 1999.
UK Christian Dating: Meet fun Christian Singles from all across the United Kingdom!
Experience UK Christian dating at ChristianCafe.com. The dating profiles listed below are only a fraction of those found on our dating service. You can connect with these UK Christian singles by filling out a Free Trial profile. Our free trial allows you to try ChristianCafe.com absolutely free for 10 days which includes performing detailed searches, viewing photo profiles and connecting with other UK Christian singles using email, winks and forums. Converse with other singles from UK cities such as London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow, Newcastle, Tyneside, Sheffield, South Hampshire, Nottingham-Derby, Cardiff-Newport, Edinburgh, Bristol, Belfast, Brighton, Leicester, Oxford, Peterborough and Liverpool.
Your faith is important to you, and so is finding someone who shares it. We connect singles just like you every day at ChristianCafe.com. We are proudly Christian owned.
© 1998-2017 RealCafes.com Inc. All rights reserved.


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"Pain has an part of blank; when it began, or if here were a day when it was not. It has no proposed but itself. Its endless realms enclose its past, well-read to perceive, new periods of anguish." The 19th period rhymester Emily Dickinson, brings up an exciting plan in the region of hurting. Where does all this anguish move from? From her characterization it takes on a time of its own. No longer a entry full-fledged now and then, but a world wherever we singing.
I see and cognisance pain in my contrary way. Physical pains; back, director and knee, a short time ago to linguistic unit a few, can be grave. A helper told me the separate day that she was going to have a ordinal hindmost surgery to smoothness the anguish she lived with. I not long damaged my Achilles tendon, and that was biting.
There are plentiful opposite pains; divorce, job loss, alteration of favored ones, monetary loss, mediocre choices, the database goes on and on. All valid and hard when they are repute earlier me. Then in attendance is the agony of impression inadequate, awareness unworthy, not being as apposite as others come across to be. Oh, afterwards the symptom of not having enough; rites or conjugal or items that I perceive convey condition to my duration.
The confidential misery of not wise what I am doing or why I am experiencing all this agony, is no doubt, the deepest strain to let. It's sticky to suffer anything but twinge. It is the planetary I created. I dwell in it ordinary. I reflect roughly it, natter about it, upbringing and draw it. It becomes who I am. Part of my individuality is pain, I even telephony it "my pain" as if I won or seizure it in whatsoever way from somebody or thing other. I make a fuss of it, by associating beside it. I substance it near my accepted wisdom. It could be the junk mail after my label to connote accomplishment; Mr. Hal Manogue P.A.I.N.
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As Emily sword-shaped out, it does have an ingredient of blank, unless I accept it. In writ to get myself out of misery I must opening judge it as mine, no one else gave it to me. I created it finished my philosophy and experiences. Then I uttered it, finished my day-after-day nurturing of it. Then last of all I became it, my being overshadowed by my accepted wisdom of upset. Once I judge it, I can after concede it and me for creating it. I can raise it near thoughts of restorative and thoughtfulness. My prayers clear me from the restrictions and seclusion of pain, and I see my being as more much than that.
I push my belief to in good health feelings, superficial for grouping and things to aid my heart.
Inner teachings takes me to the unconditioned curative parcel of land I have within myself. I reflect in my ascendancy of self sanative. I imagine I can rearrange from a existence of pain, to a existence of adulation.
By loverlike myself, realizing I am coupled to the influence of All There Is, I can alleviate my cramp in understanding, feeling and forgiveness. I have all I condition within the matrix of love, to discern the joy of resourcefully someone and then cut it, in crude common work.Post ads:
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The Fernridge Retail Department aims to assist retailers in their specific and unique needs regarding expansion, rationalisation and…
Read More
Sybrand Strauss (MD) is actively involved in marketing, strategic leadership and quality control for the development
Read More
Data Centre.
The Data Centre has a dedicated team of analysts, managed by Ilse van der Merwe. The purpose of this department is to create, maint…
Read More
Africa Eye.
AfricaEye is a web portal containing all the data that Fernridge has captured. It can be found on http://www.africaeye.co.za.
Read More


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Los Angeles Child Pornography Attorney Announce To Offer Best Legal Defense
Attorney Ronald D. Hedding of Hedding Law Firm creates the best legal defense system to protect the legal rights of all those facing child molestation or child sexual abuse charges in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles, August 16, 2014:In California, prosecutors and judges aggressively prosecute child pornographers. Their objective is to sentence the accused so that people could stay away from committing such heinous crimes. However, many times, innocent people get entrapped in such cases and they have to face the wrath of the people, federal agencies as well as the judges. If an accused fails to hire an experienced lawyer, the person could be sentenced to jail and has to undergo a severe punishment. Now in Los Angeles, Attorney Ronald D. Hedding is offering the best legal defense to all those who have been alleged for a sexual crime against a child.
The leading child molesting lawyer in Los Angeles and his Hedding Law Firm protect the rights of the citizens of California and provide them with the legal assistance they may need. There could be severe legal consequences if pleaded guilty in a child molestation case. However, an experienced defense attorney can devise a solid strategy that could result in the acquittal of the accused. This is the reason why Attorney Ronald recommends all accused persons to hire experienced and qualified lawyers to fight for their case. In a recent YouTube video, he also points out important advice to follow when searching for a lawyer.
According to Attorney Ronald, people who are found possessing child pornography content may find it difficult to defend themselves. "But still the prosecution needs to prove that you were aware of the pornographic content, images or material that were in your possession or found on your computer or any other device," he states. The Los Angeles child pornography attorney devises strategies to counter the allegations by the prosecution and fights for the dismissal of the accused.
Since the number of child pornography cases is growing alarmingly, the persecution has started dealing aggressively with these cases. In such a scenario, only an experienced child pornography attorney in Los Angeles can safeguard a person who has been falsely implicated in such a serious offense.
About Hedding Law Firm
Hedding Law Firm is a reputed law firm based in California headed by Ron Hedding. The firm has a team of qualified and experienced lawyers who assist people in a wide variety of criminal cases, helping them to receive the best justice they deserve. They have an instant helpline to offer guidance to people on an immediate basis.
Attorney Ronald D. Hedding of Hedding Law Firm creates the best legal defense system to protect the legal rights of all those facing child molestation or child sexual abuse charges in Los Angeles.
child molesting lawyer in Los Angeles , Los Angeles child pornography attorney , advice to follow when searching for a lawyer , child pornography attorney in Los Angeles
Aug 16, 2014


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Chelmsford: Harbhajan Singh and Virender Sehwag warmed up for next week's third Test against England with impressive individual performances on Friday as Essex's batsmen and bowlers both suffered.
Off spinner Harbhajan took seven for 83 as Essex was bowled out for 279 in reply to India's 516. And when the tourists chose not to enforce the follow-on, Sehwag made 142 out of India's 231 for two at stumps. That means India will start the fourth and final day on Saturday with a lead of 468, Sanjay Bangar set to resume on 73 not out. Essex's hopes of getting anywhere near India's imposing total rested on the shoulders of Zimbabwe international Andy Flower.
He started the day on 45 but added just 14 more run before he was dismissed when Harbhajan took the outside edge and India captain Saurav Ganguly held the slip catch. Harbhajan then proceeded to work his way steadily through the Essex card before last man Joe Grant was bowled by part-time spinner Sehwag for an aggressive 30. After Ganguly decided to bat he gave wicket-keeper Parthiv Patel a chance to spend some time at the crease by promoting him to opener.
But the 17-year-old managed just one before he fell to veteran ex-England left-arm seamer Mark Ilott. However, that was the last success Essex's bowlers enjoyed for some time. Sehwag scored in typically rapid fashion, his century coming from a mere 110 balls including five sixes. He eventually fell when he was caught and bowled by Rav Bopara, having put on 209 with Bangar. There was no need for any heroics at the other end and Bangar scored more sedately, his runs coming from 171 balls including nine fours.
India, which trails England 1-0 after two matches of the four Test campaign, must win at Headingley next week if it is to keep alive hopes of winning its first Test series outside the sub-continent in 16 years.


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Vogue 9627; 1940s; Blouse. Tuck-in blouse fronts may be tucked or gathered at shoulder extensions of the back yoke. Small, shaped collar optional. Long shirt sleeves with buttoned cuffs, or short sleeves.
Links to reviews/blog posts Edit
Sources/Vendors Edit
Gallery Edit
[insert your photos of this pattern made up]
Wishlist Edit
[insert your username, and make sure your preferences allow for people to contact you via e-mail. Do not list your email address here!]


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A baby's brain is a thirsty sponge, slurping up words, figuring out faces and learning which foods are good and bad to eat. Information about the world flooding into a young brain begins to carve out traces, like rushing water over soft limestone. As the outside world sculpts the growing brain, important connections between nerve cells become strong rivers, while smaller unused tributaries quietly disappear.
In time, these brain connections crystallize, forming indelible patterns etched into marble. Impressionable brain systems that allowed a child to easily learn a language, for instance, go away, abandoned for the speed and strength that come with rigidity. In a fully set brain, signals fly around effortlessly, making commonplace tasks short work. A master of efficiency, the adult brain loses the exuberance of childhood.
But the adult brain need not remain in this petrified state. In a feat of neural alchemy, the brain can morph from marble back to limestone.
The potential for this metamorphosis has galvanized scientists, who now talk about a mind with the power to remake itself. In the last few years, researchers have found ways to soften the stone, recapturing some of the lost magic of a young brain.
"There's been a very, very significant change," says Richard Davidson of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. "I don't think the import of that basic fact has fully expressed itself."
Though this research is still in its early stages, studies suggest techniques that dissolve structures that pin brain cells in place, interrupt molecular stop signals and tweak the rush of nerve cell activity can restore the brain's youthful glow. Scientists are already attempting to reverse brain rigidity, boosting what's known as "plasticity" in people with a vision disorder once thought to be irreversible in adults.
These efforts are not an exercise in neural vanity. A malleable brain, researchers hope, can heal after a stroke, combat the decline in vision that comes with old age and perhaps even repair a severed spinal cord. An end to childhood — and the prodigal learning that comes with it — does not need to eliminate the brain's capacity for change. "There are still windows of opportunity out there," says neuroscientist Daphné Bavelier of the University of Rochester in New York. "It may require a little more work to open them, though."
Source: Science News / Laura Sanders / Photo Credit: Michael Morgenstern


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Web safety
Safety is Important
the Internet you can…
1. Posting selfies
2. Email
3. Shopping
4. Play games
5. Face time
And more!
What is personal information?
1. Pictures of yourself or others
2. School name
3. Password
4. Address
Meeting up can be dangerous
Not everyone says who they are online and be careful who you tell your personal information to.
emails can be dangerous
Be careful when clicking on emails saying you have won a free iPad, computer, or money
not everything on the internet is true
tell someone!
if you see or hear something on the web that makes you uncomfortable tell a trusted adult.
Present Remotely
Send the link below via email or IMCopy
Present to your audienceStart remote presentation
- Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present
- People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account
- This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation
- A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation
- Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article
Do you really want to delete this prezi?
Neither you, nor the coeditors you shared it with will be able to recover it again.
Make your likes visible on Facebook?
Connect your Facebook account to Prezi and let your likes appear on your timeline.
You can change this under Settings & Account at any time.
Web safty
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citlali ramirez10on 2 April 2014
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text:
Macbook Pro
MacBook Pro with Retina Display 15-inch, 256GB SSDThe MacBook Pro 15-inch comes with advanced graphics, powerful Intel processors and a stunning Retina Display making any high-performance task seamless and fast. The perfect choice for creative professionals. This model comes with 2.2GHz Intel i7 processor, 16GB RAM, 256GB SSD and Intel Iris Pro Graphics. Learn More€2,299.00
In stock


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Winge: If Other Self Employed 'trades' Ran Their Businesses In The Manner Of Some Escorts...
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text:
Autism and Associated Medical and Familial Factors: A Case Control Study
- Citations
- 139 Downloads
To systematically review medical and familial conditions in autistic subjects (AU) as compared to other developmentally disabled controls (DD). Data was gathered prospectively for 102 AUs and 106 DDs who were comparable for age, sex, and nonverbal intelligence. Chi-square and t test analyses were used to evaluate the data collected for AUs and DDs. Demographic data for AUs and DDs was similar for age, sex, and nonverbal IQ scores. The only statistically significant demographic differences were higher educational levels in mothers of AUs and increased number of firstborn AUs. Family history data revealed a greater number of reported maternal learning disabilities for DDs and increased paternal mental retardation for AUs but no differences in familial medical or psychiatric disorders. No prenatal or perinatal risk factors were identified in the AU group although increased alcohol use during pregnancy and decreased gestational age was found in the DD group. Review of developmental and behavioral issues revealed delayed toileting, tantrums, strong food preferences, and preoccupations to be significantly increased in AUs as compared to DDs. No significant differences were noted between the two groups in health problems or doctor visits. However, AUs had significantly larger mean head size than DDs. This study confirmed several previously established findings in autism including 4 to 1 male prevalence, increased head size, strong food preferences, and lack of prenatal/perinatal findings specifically associated with autism. However, the data suggested no increased prevalence of health problems among AUs or their family members compared to DDs. Several biologic interventions and etiologic theories of autism have been based on the assumption of medical differences in this population, an assumption called into question by current data.
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text:
Aug. 18, 2009
Baltimore - Senior Kristen Muscarella was named captain of the Loyola women's volleyball team for the second year in a row, along with senior Nicole Scimeme and junior Brittany Born.
Head coach Scott Pennewill said he was happy with his team's selections, as each player brings something different to the table.
"They each have their own thing," Pennewill said. "Brittany has a real high enthusiasm level; Kristen is very caring and always looking out for the ecology of the team; Scimeme is just going to be hey follow me, this is where we're going. They each have a strength."
Pennewill is relying on the group to provide leadership to team that is 50 percent new. Six incoming freshmen join the `Hounds this season, which is a stark contrast from the 2008 team that was devoid of new faces.
"We'll probably be starting four freshmen," Pennewill said. "It's going to be interesting, it's going to be a wild year."
Muscarella (Garden City, N.Y.) has been a setter and defensive specialist for the Greyhounds in during her time at Loyola. As a setter last season, Muscarella amassed 847 assists while chipping in 229 digs.
Scimeme (Stony Brook, N.Y.) developed into a starting outside hitter last season, tallying a career-high 130 kills and 178 digs.
Born (Ellicot City, Md.) has been the Greyhounds' primary libero for the past two seasons. Born has led the team in digs in both of her seasons at Loyola and her 626 digs in 2007 ranked in the top 60 in the nation.
"They're a close group so they will work together," Pennewill said. "The cooperation will be good."


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 8, 2000
|Filing date
|Jan 11, 1996
|Priority date
|May 31, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Joseph P. Mennucci, Charles R. Mead
|Original Assignee
|Brush Wellman Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (82), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (25), Classifications (17), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/455,183, filed May 31, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,190.
The present invention relates to processes for joining materials to one another and more particularly to the production of a multilayer laminate for energy transfer applications.
Materials having relatively high thermal and electrical conductivities have been found desirable for use in microelectronic packaging. Pure Copper, for instance, has been found particularly suitable both as an efficient conductor of electricity and because of its ability to rapidly conduct and dissipate heat.
For this reason, copper sheeting is often used as part of a microchip heat sink/isolator. Typically, the sheeting is bonded to a ceramic substrate by a process known as direct bonding. This process is notable for its products which have a relatively high thermal dissipation capability, strength, reliability, and small size. Direct bonding is also known for its relatively low cost. An intermediate bonding layer is sometimes used to modify the properties of the sheeting material, e.g., to strengthen the material or control its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Direct bonding requires that the bonding surface of the copper be oxidized so that covalent bonds can be formed with the ceramic during the thermal bonding cycle. Typically, both sides of the copper strip are coated with (or dipped in) a chemical solution that promotes oxidation. This forms a low melting temperature eutectic of copper oxide on each side of the strip which bonds to a ceramic substrate upon heating.
While one oxidized side of the strip is joined to the substrate during direct bonding, the other oxidized side bonds undesirably to the carrier or fixture upon which it rests. Also, the resulting bond has been found of limited integrity, dimensional stability, durability and reliability. Chemical coating has additionally been found costly and produces excessive chemical waste.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a controlled oxygen content copper clad laminate and process. The laminate comprises a first layer of oxygen-free copper joined to a second layer of oxygen-rich copper by the steps of (i) cladding the first layer to the second layer at a relatively low speed to minimize rolling friction, (ii) finish rolling the laminate to substantially increase its thickness tolerance, (iii) slitting the laminate to increase its width tolerance, (iv) profiling a groove at a selected location in the laminate, (v) finish slitting a plurality of ribbons from the laminate, (vi) tension leveling the laminate to straighten and flatten its shape, (vii) stamping the laminate into sections each of a selected configuration, (viii) cleaning laminate surfaces, and (ix) direct bonding the laminate to a substrate material such that the first layer is annealed to the second.
Although the present invention is shown and described in connection with oxygen-free and oxygen-rich copper, it may be adapted for bonding other materials such as those containing precious metals, aluminum, titanium, nickel, steel, and their alloys as well as carbon and ceramics.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a laminate with enhanced heat transfer properties for use in high performance heat sinks.
Another object of the present invention is to provide for the simple and efficient manufacture of heat sinks with minimum manual labor requirements.
Still another object of the present invention is to maximize the energy transfer properties of materials comprising a multilayer laminate.
Yet another object of the present invention is to facilitate low cost production of high performance heat sink structures having acceptable acoustics, cooling rates and pressure drop.
A further object of the present invention is to facilitate rapid dissipation of heat from microelectronic packaging.
Another object of the present invention is to isolate microelectronic modules thermally and electrically from one another.
Still a further object of the present invention is to substantially reduce chemical waste during metal bonding.
The present invention will now be further described by reference to the following drawings which are not intended to limit the accompanying claims.
FIG. 1 is a micrograph of a controlled oxygen content copper clad laminate at 120� magnification, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a micrograph of the laminate of FIG. 1 direct bonded to a beryllium oxide substrate;
FIG. 3 is a micrograph of oxygen-rich copper strip at 120� magnification containing 380 ppm oxygen, in accordance with another aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a heat sink/isolator in accordance with one aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a copper clad laminate strip. Shown in dashed lines is a fin stamped from the strip of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the fin of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a copper clad laminate strip in accordance with another aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along lines 8--8 of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a representation of the laminate and substrate of FIG. 8 prior to direct bonding;
FIG. 10 is a plan view of a piece cut from the strip of FIG. 7;
The same numerals are used throughout the figure drawings to designate similar elements. Still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments.
Microelectronic packaging such as multi-chip modules (MCMs) have been found advantageous for providing relatively high power with reduced interconnection signal delay and packaging volume, as compared to conventional single-chip modules. Given their substantial heat fluxes, stacked or laminated heat sinks with parallel channels have been found necessary to obtain heat sink dimensions suitable for effective dissipation of heat.
Laminated heat sinks typically have a base with an array of stacked, plate-like fins. Each fin is configured such that a channel is formed between each fin pair. Heat is first conducted from the base to the fins, and then dissipated from the fins by thermal transfer to a coolant such as air passing through the channels. A heat sink of this general configuration is shown in FIG. 4.
Increased device and module powers require high performance, fluid-cooled heat sinks. While increased heat dissipation from the fins is generally achieved by increasing the coolant flow rate, the flow rate necessary for optimal cooling has lead to undesirable flow-induced vibrations, pressure drop, and acoustics which may effect the sensitive microelectronics nearby.
To form a laminated heat sink, typically a plurality of copper plates, each having a wide shallow open channel across one face, are joined front-to-back. In the laminate, the channels become an array of closed parallel cooling channels. By adjusting plate thickness, as well as the width and depth of the open channel across the face of the plates, heat sink dimensions and, hence, heat fluxes are controlled.
In other environments, heat sinks are used to isolate microchips both thermally and electrically from one another. For example, a microchip is soldered to a heat sink in the form of a planar, multilayer laminate which, in turn, is mounted to a microelectronics module. An objective is to prevent differing levels of heat and electrical energy generated by each microchip from interfering with the operation of other chips of the module.
The foregoing description is provided for purposes of illustration and not to limit the intended environment or application of the present invention. The remaining structural and functional aspects of microelectronic packaging are known by those skilled in the art and further description is believed unnecessary for illustration of the present invention.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a controlled oxygen content copper clad laminate and process. The laminate comprises a first layer of oxygen-free copper joined to a second layer of oxygen-rich copper by the steps of (i) cladding the first layer to the second layer at a relatively low speed to minimize rolling friction, (ii) finish rolling the laminate to substantially increase its thickness tolerance, (iii) slitting the laminate to increase its width tolerance, (iv) profiling a groove in the laminate at a selected location, (v) finish slitting a plurality of ribbons from the laminate, (vi) tension leveling the laminate to straighten and flatten its shape, (vii) stamping the laminate into sections each of a selected configuration, (viii) cleaning laminate surfaces, and (ix) direct bonding the laminate to a substrate material such that the first layer is annealed to the second.
Initially, certified oxygen-free copper strip, e.g., OFHC copper 99.99% Cu (Mill Standard C-101), is processed in coil form from a selected starting size, e.g., of about 0.060 in.�2.500 in. (annealed temper). The strip is cold rolled using a calculated pass schedule, e.g., from about 0.060 in. (spring temper UTS 50 KSI minimum) to 0.025 in. and from about 2.500 in. to 2.130 in. Preferably, size reduction is limited to about 20% for a single pass to prevent excessive temperatures, e.g., 200� F., which could effect the grain structure of the copper. The resulting grain structure has been found relatively important both functionally and cosmetically to the grain size of the final laminate product.
An oxygen-rich copper strip, e.g., electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper 99.90% Cu (Mill Standard C-110), is also processed from a selected starting size, e.g., of about 0.125 in.�2.500 in. (annealed temper). The strip is cold rolled, for example, from about 0.060 in. (extra spring temper UTS 58 KSI minimum) to 0.025 in. and from about 2.500 in. to 2.130 in. The oxygen content of Mill Standard C-110 is generally within a range of 10 ppm to 2000 ppm. For the most consistent results in bond uniformity and strength, it is preferred that the oxygen content be controlled to remain within a selected envelope, e.g., generally within a range of 300 ppm to 500 ppm oxygen. In one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of oxygen is about 380 ppm, as shown in FIG. 3. Oxygen appears as heavy black spots at the grain boundaries.
Next, the surfaces of the oxygen-free copper strip and the oxygen-rich copper strip are cleaned for bonding. This is done by passing the strips through an aqueous-ultrasonic degreasing machine to remove organic materials (e.g., oil and dirt) and then under a rotating soft abrasive wheel (brush) flushed continuously with water (wet brush). This removes surface oxides of the copper and roughens its surface to enhance cladability.
The oxygen-free copper strip is then placed atop and joined to the strip of oxygen-rich copper by cladding, e.g., mechanically crushing the strips together in a 4-hi rolling mill. The resulting thickness reduction and rolling friction typically produce heat. Again, since excessive heat could effect grain structure, it is preferred that the strip be simultaneously air quenched at the exit end of the rolling mill. In addition, relatively low process speeds, e.g., less than or equal to about 12 ft./min., are used to prevent heat build-up. Alternatively or concurrently therewith, the percent (%) reduction during cold roll bonding is also limited, e.g., to about 76%.
The first layer preferably comprises copper sheeting having an oxygen content generally within a range of 95 ppm to 2000 ppm. As the oxygen content decreases, bond strength increases, a maximum strength being at about 95 ppm. It is also preferred that the second layer comprise oxygen-free copper sheeting, i.e., copper containing a maximum of about 10 ppm oxygen.
During the next step, the laminate is finish rolled to substantially increase its thickness tolerance. Finish rolling is also done on a 4-hi rolling mill. This step improves substantially the thickness tolerance of the laminate, e.g., from about �0.001 in. to 0.0003 in. When highly polished rolls are used, surface finish is also improved.
The laminate is then slit to increase its width tolerance. During slitting, the laminate is passed between two rotating arbors carrying rotating cutting blades. This removes the edges of the laminate, thereby trimming its width. Alternatively or concurrently therewith, a pre-slitting step is performed prior to slitting. Pre-slitting removes rough edges and improves width tolerance of the laminate, e.g., from about 0.015 in. to 0.001 in. Improved width tolerance has been found relatively important for guiding the strip smoothly and precisely during profiling.
Upon the fourth step, at least one groove is profiled at a selected location in the laminate to provide a flow channel. As coolant (liquid or gas) flows through the channel, heat removal is effected. Hence, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the groove acts as a heat exchanger. Alternatively or concurrently therewith, the groove serves as a reservoir for capturing excess solder during assembly by the end user.
Profiling may be done by form rolling, skiving, or milling. During skiving, for instance, the material is passed under a stationary cutting blade known as a skiving tool. This changes the laminate thickness in selected areas across the strip width. Alternatively, the laminate is form rolled, i.e., passed under a roll with a continuous protuberance having the dimensions of the groove.
During the fifth step, a plurality of ribbons are finish slit from the laminate. Finish slitting is done preferably using a technique like that described in step three, but to cut individual ribbons from a wider processing width and yield a multiple of strands.
Thereafter, the laminate is tension leveled to straighten and flatten its shape. Tension leveling is done, for example, by placing the laminate in tension, that is, passing it through a series of deflection rolls, e.g., nine, each of a relatively small diameter, e.g., about 0.375 in. At this stage, the grain structures of both the layers of oxygen-free copper and oxygen-rich copper are substantially unaffected, as shown in FIG. 1.
This step enhances strip quality by improving straightness, flatness, and shape of the strip with minimal variation. By insuring intimate contact between the laminate and ceramic substrate, void-free bonds are formed. Void-free bonds are relatively important for effective direct bonding.
Subsequently, the strip is stamped into discrete pieces, cleaned (degreased) to eliminate oils and other materials which may interfere with direct bonding, and bonded to a ceramic substrate by direct bonding. Cleaning is done preferably by abrasive polishing and/or chemically etching the pieces. For instance, the stamped pieces are placed in a vibratory bowl with abrasive ceramic media, e.g., XC3-8T angle cut triangles. Next, the pieces are removed and chemically etched, e.g., using a series of acid baths--the first bath being a hydrocholoric or sulfuric acid solution, e.g., Branson MC-2, followed by a bath of ammonium persulfate, and a citric acid bath.
During direct bonding, temperature and other conditions simultaneously anneal the laminate, metallurgically bonding the first layer to the second. After direct bonding, a fine grain structure is produced in both copper layers (See FIG. 2). Various methods of direct bonding metals to ceramics are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,944,430, which issued on Nov. 30, 1976, and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,243, which issued on Dec. 12, 1978, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Prior to direct bonding, layers were joined mechanically by cladding. This produces a "green bond" which has generally been found of marginal integrity. Strengthening is typically done metallurgically by continuous strip annealing prior to direct bonding. The present process is advantageous in that annealing is done during rather than prior to direct bonding so that the effects of cold working are maintained, i.e., it facilitates production of an ultra-fine grain size in the layers during direct bonding. Because one side of the laminate remains oxygen-free, no bonding occurs between the laminate and the setter plate, fixture or other carrier. The oxygen-free side can then sit on the setter plate during subsequent firing of direct bond copper components.
Also, oxygen impregnated copper provides oxygen to the copper-ceramic interface more uniformly than does chemically coated copper. This improves substantially bond integrity and part reliability. Moreover, it eliminates the three chemical baths required to chemically coat copper, significantly reducing costs, chemical waste, and the health risks associated with hauling the waste. Dimensional stability and durability of oxygen impregnated copper is also superior.
Yet another advantage is the decreased grain growth accomplished by the present invention. This results in a substantially smoother, void-free surface finish, as compared to chemically oxidized copper or straight ETP. It also prevents build-up of eutectic oxide on the post-fired surface, eliminating the need for chemical stripping of the copper surface before solder application.
In accordance with one embodiment, the stamped pieces of laminate are stacked one on top of the other such that, during direct bonding (annealing), diffusion bonding occurs between the internal metal to metal interfaces of the clad layers. Simultaneously, there is diffusion bonding at the metal to metal interfaces between adjacent sides of the stacked laminate pieces. This substantially eliminates voids between the interfaces. The result is a void-free, multiple-layer copper clad laminate with maximum heat transfer capability.
Overall, this lamination technique advantageously permits cost-effective mass production of high performance heat sink structures, significantly extending cooling and isolation characteristics for microelectronic applications.
Although the embodiments illustrated herein have been described for use with copper or a copper alloy, it is understood that an analogous process could be practiced on other materials, giving consideration to the purpose for which the present invention is intended. For example, similar processing of materials containing precious metals and their alloys, aluminum, titanium, nickel, steel, carbon and ceramics is considered within the spirit scope of the present invention. It is also foreseeable that an intermediate bonding layer such as nickel, titanium or silver could be added between the copper layers to modify properties of the laminate materials.
By the forgoing process, a laminate 10 (or preform) is produced which comprises a layer 11 of oxygen-free copper (C11000) clad to a layer 12 of oxygen-rich copper (C10100), as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the laminate is a strip 13 about 0.010 in. thick and about 0.500 in. wide. As shown in FIGS. 7-10, a channel 14 is profiled in the strip about 0.003 in. deep �0.0006 in. and about 0.036 in. wide which runs generally along the center of the strip, about 0.210 in. from one side of the strip and about 0.174 in. from the other side.
During direct bonding, the laminate is bonded to a ceramic substrate 15 such as beryllium oxide so as to produce a laminate product 18. In one embodiment, a "dog bone"-like shape 16 is formed in the laminate such as by etching or stamping. Neck 17 of the "dog bone" extends about 0.0180 in. from each side of the channel center line, and begins about 0.040 in. from the strip center line.
This product has been found effective as a heat sink/isolator for microelectronic modules. For instance, the % strength reduction of this BeO-DBCu metallized substrate at relatively high temperatures has been found substantially higher than that of Brush Wellman Mo--Mn or DUPONT 0022.
The present invention is also beneficial in permitting the use of pure copper which has a substantially higher thermal conductivity than that of Cu thick film, Mo--Mn thick film or As--Pd thick film and a substantially lower resistivity. The use of DBCU, it is noted, provides electrical conductivity within about 5% of that of pure copper.
The BeO substrate has similar benefits in having a thermal conductivity substantially higher than that of AIN. Together, the copper laminate and BeO substrate provide superior thermal resistance performance over AIN-Cu or AI203-Cu. A substantially higher maximum conductor current is also provided without the need for an intermediate bonding layer.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, each DBCU product is used as a fin 21 of a multilayer heat sink 20, as shown in FIG. 4. Each fin is stamped from multi-gauge DBCU strip having a channel 22, e.g., about 103 mm wide, generally along its center such that spacers 23 are left on opposing sides of the fin, as best seen in FIGS. 5 and 6. Each fin has selected dimensions, e.g., about 115 mm wide and about 1.5 mm thick.
The fins are stacked upon one another so as to form a block and joined (or fixtured) together by conventional thru rivets 24. The rivets preferably comprise a material substantially the same as that of the fins. In the present embodiment, the rivets substantially comprise oxygen-rich copper (C110) and have selected diameters, e.g., each generally within a range of 0.003 in. to 0.006 in. It is understood that the necessary dimensions and configuration of the rivets depends upon block size and other structural requirements, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
At least one stiffener rib 25 is positioned along the center of channel for added reinforcement. The stiffener rib divides the channel into two equal portions, each about 50 mm wide.
During direct bonding, there is interdiffusion (diffusion bonding) not only at metal to metal interfaces between the fins, but also between the rivets and the fins. This results in the formation of a solidified heat sink structure.
By the present invention, the energy transfer capability of heat sink structures is maximized while maintaining acceptable acoustics, cooling rates and pressure drop for the sensitive microelectronics nearby, and a low cost.
Various modifications and alterations to the present invention may be appreciated based on a review of this disclosure. These changes and additions are intended to be within the scope and spirit of this invention as defined by the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 15, 2002
Owner name: NATIONAL CITY BANK, OHIO
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The kids cleaned their bedrooms today
Today was a snow day and I heard a lot of, "mom, I'm bored" so I suggested they tidy up their bedrooms. It took them about a half hour and they cleaned their bedrooms. I cleaned our bedroom while they were cleaning. Now that they are done I'm hearing, "mom, I'm bored" again.
Lol I'm suprised that worked.
It took a little time to get them motivated to do it but once they started they didn't stop until they were done. My older kids weren't thrilled about it but the younger ones didn't mind.
Comment deleted
My middle branch of kids would love to help, the older kids tend to fight and argue with each other.
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About Michelle Fritch
Current: Bellevue, Nebraska
Birth: February 16
On Moms.com since: Dec 31, 2013
My name is Michelle Fritch. I have been married to my husband Tim for 16 years and together we have nine children, Tim has four older children from a previous marriage totaling 13 children for him. Tim is a Railroad Engineer and I am a Stay At Home Mom.


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Sienna Miller 'not dating co-star'Posted on: March 4, 2011 14:58:54
UK singles who are using internet dating sites in a bid to find a new partner could be interested to hear that Sienna Miller is still single.
The actress, who split from her boyfriend Jude Law at the start of the year, has denied claims that she is dating her co-star.
Currently preparing for the opening of production of the play Flare Path, Miller has asserted that she is not romantically linked with her fellow performer Joe Armstrong.
She told Time Out London that she feels sorry for Armstrong, as he is not used to the situation.
"I'm single! Poor Joe is like, "What's going on?"," the actress said.
"We all find it ridiculous and laughable. I do feel very picked apart by it."
When she does decide to find men to start dating again, Miller could keep in mind the results of a recent study from Stirling, Chester and Liverpool universities, which suggested that beautiful women should only date men as attractive as they are to ensure a harmonious relationship.
Thinking of trying online dating? Join a dating agency today.
Related Online Dating News
Hong Kong Phil boss "dreams of working with Jackie Chan"Posted on: April 17, 2014 16:26:26
The musical director of one of Asia rsquo s most well-known orchestras dreams of bringing in some unorthodox talent to perform with his musicians Speaking to the South China Morning...
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Lee Ryan and Casey Batchelor steam up the CBB housePosted on: January 6, 2014 17:25:01
They may have been shackled together when they entered the house but Lee Ryan and Casey Batchelor have done anything but drift apart since they were set free In fact...
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The online dating racePosted on: January 6, 2014 16:22:05
New research has revealed how likely single people are to get a message from an online dating site throughout According to MailOnline age matters more to men than women as...
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Sweethearts get engaged after failures on reality TVPosted on: January 3, 2014 19:02:42
When Danielle Cornwall-Nash appeared on ITV s prime time dating show Take Me Out last year she hoped that she would find a new partner and maybe even a new...
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Vibrant without overwhelming, the Princeton Pendant Lamp delivers just the right dose of character and charm to your kitchen or dining area. The pendant boasts a sleek, rounded silhouette with a detailed post on top that creates dimensional flair. Iron construction is bathed in a chic exterior finish, with a light interior for excellent illumination in any room. Suspended from a black cord, this stylish light fixture accepts one medium base bulb, up to 60 watts, maximum (not included).
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Rangers Football Club today formally announced its intention to seek admission to the AIM of the London Stock Exchange.
The club is hoping to raise £20 million for developing the squad & facilities at the club, as well as providing more working capital. The Ibrox Stadium is Scotland's only UEFA elite club stadium.
Charles Green, Chief Executive of Rangers, explained that the IPO announcement shouldn't come as a surprise:
"From the time we acquired the business and assets of Rangers FC, we indicated our intention to list the Company and provide our fans with the opportunity to invest in their Club. I am delighted that our plans are coming to fruition.
"Rangers is debt-free and a huge club with enormous support and a 140 year track record of success on the domestic and international arenas. Our aim is to return the Club to its glory days whilst ensuring it is run efficiently and profitably."
The Chairman of the club, Malcolm Murray, added:
"Charles has done a great job to bring the Club back from the brink of extinction. We now move on to the next stage which is full recovery and growth. The fans loyalty has been instrumental in getting the Club on its feet and the IPO gives them the chance to have a say on club matters."
Fans and other interested parties can register their interest from 5pm today online at www.rangers.co.uk.
The Rangers share offer helpline will be open from 12pm on Thursday 11th October 2012 on +44 (0)871 6649 271.


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
How to show different results based on which option is chosen.Asked by commercialkings on July 18, 2016 at 11:16 AM
My form gives you the option to select a quantity, and I would like to figure how to show different results after the NEXT button is clicked. For example, if you look at my form, if you select 1 DJ DROP and press next, it goes to the next page, that shows 7 rows of fields to enter details, because you can buy up to 7 different things. But I would like to make it where, if you select a quantity of 1, will take you to a separate page,that only shows input fields for the 1 product you are buying, or if you select a quantity of 2, it takes you to a page, that shows fives you the input fields of only the 2 products you are buying, and not the other 5 or 6 you did not select to buy. How can this be done?
JotForm Support
You could use conditional logic to show the fields or sets of fields you would like:
It is also possible to use form collapses to show sections of fields:
If a field is conditionally shown, it will be hidden until the condition is met.
Thanks David for your response. It almost was the answer, only problem is, the form conditions wont allow me to hid fields or show fields based on the quantity of items chosen in the options of the Payment Wizard. Basically, if someone goes to my order form, and picks 1 DJ DROP from the payment wizard, I would like it to only show fields for 1 DJ DROP.
JotForm Support
Since payment field options cannot be used in conditions, your setup would require setting up your products outside the payment field with regular fields. You would then assign your options calculation values and total up the options, as well as multiplying any product quantities by their cost in a calculation field:
You would then pass that total to your payment field:
With this setup, you would be able to use conditional statements on your products since they would no longer be in the payment field.
The following thread has a similar setup with a longer walk through:


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I hope you find my guide on starting a freelance copywriting business helpful in avoiding some of the sleepless nights, money worries and various struggles I had to go through when launching my own.
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Matt Ambrose
N.B. Your credit card or bank statement will show a charge by ClickBank or CLKBANK*COM, rather than a reference to this actual eBook.


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APPENDIX 3A Cell Counting
Published Online: 1 MAY 2001
DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cya03as00
Copyright © 2003 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Lab Protocol Title
Current Protocols in Cytometry
Additional Information
How to Cite
Phelan, M. C. and Lawler, G. 2001. Cell Counting. Current Protocols in Cytometry. 00:3A:A.3A.1–A.3A.4.
Publication History
- Published Online: 1 MAY 2001
- Published Print: APR 1997
This unit presents protocols for counting cells using either a hemacytometer or electronically using a Coulter counter. Cell counting with a hemacytometer permits effective discrimination of live from dead cells using trypan blue exclusion. In addition, the procedure is less subject to errors arising from cell clumping or size heterogeneity. Counting cells is more quickly and easily performed using an electronic counter, but live-dead discrimination is unreliable. Cell populations containing large numbers of dead cells and/or cell clumps are difficult to count accurately. In addition, electronic counting requires resetting of the instrument for cell populations of different sizes; heterogeneous populations can give rise to inaccurate counts, and resting and activated cells may require counting at separate settings. In general, electronic cell counting is best performed on fresh peripheral blood cells.


text: Species Jungle Skinflayer Homeworld Taral V The Jungle Skinflayer is a dangerous creature found on Taral V. Sporting a large strong body and sharp claws the Skinflayer tries to smash it's enemies with its large muscular arms. Retrieved from "http://swtor.wikia.com/wiki/Jungle_Skinflayer?oldid=38846" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Creatures


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Being No. 2 Sucks!The Kokusen Academy Culture Festival is here, and the Special A crew is making sure it runs smoothly. But chaos erupts when Kei's grandfather tries to haul Kei off to London! Worse, when Hikari tries to intervene, she gets abducted! But the worst part of it all is that amidst all the drama, Hikari is starting to realize her true feelings for Kei...
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From Dan at SS rio in Chicago:
Asian Pears!
"These giant (about the size of a grapefruit) pears spend there entire life wrapped in a paper bag. From bud to full-grown fruit they are protected from insects, dirt, and debris. The result is a 'perfect' pear – free of blemishes and bruises. They have a crisp texture and are incredibly juicy. For dessert, we poach the pears in sake and mirin perfumed with kafir, star anise, cardamom, cinnamon, vanilla, and honey. They are finished with toasted coconut, vanilla ice cream, micro shiso, and a syrup made from a reduction of the poaching liquor."


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I am 62. This is my first trip to an island in the Caribbean. I mean, it's not that I haven't been abroad or traveled outside the US, but this is my first time to go to an island in the Caribbean, or to an all-inclusive resort and I've never set foot on a cruise ship.
I'm rather shocked. It seems a little like Disneyland. I haven't really been to Disneyland, but I have been to Six Flags… I guess I really didn't know what to expect. So far the food is mediocre to bad. I'm beginning to think the "all-inclusiveness" of it, and the scale of it, makes for mediocrity. There is supposedly an average of 1,500 guests, at this one resort, at any given time. The only beer is Red Stripe (which is passable (if you're hot and it's cold), the only scotch is Highland Mist and much of the food seems to have come from a can. I was commenting that I did not see any incentive to finish a beer if it was getting warm or finish any food if it is served buffet style or if you can just keep ordering more from the menu till you find something you like. This suggests to me that they would not spend a lot of money on high-end food or ingredients.
We went to Tushima, the "Japanese" restaurant. You get a compulsory sushi combination platter without asking. These were pathetic and not fresh. I think there was a dab of cooked shrimp in one and another was decent tasting smoked salmon. The others were veggie! The rice was almost inedible. I ordered soup and, much later, finally received (instead), some decent grilled shrimp and yucky flautas-like rolls with zucchini inside. I tried to eat some pretty melon (with nice fan slicing job), but found that both were unripe and inedible. I had the very traditional Japanese dish of sweet and sour shrimp and SO had another "classic Japanese" beef dish, which we found out, came with plain, sliced, baked potato. They asked how she wanted the beef and she said rare. It was truly raw and truly gristly. Neither of us could finish the piece we tried. We had their special Tempura ice cream dessert, which had little if anything to do with ice cream; this rubbery treat tasted like it was filled with cole slaw or was it rubber bands? A truly nasty dessert. They also have nice wine selections; red and white. This meal, it came out of a wine bottle (rather than a spigot), and tasted decent. The white was from Argentina.
Am I boring everyone? Do most of you already know this is the food that awaits you at the average, all-inclusive resort? As I said, I am a little amazed. Perhaps there was someone on Chowhound who suggested that you don't go for the food… but I really didn't go for the free-flowing cheap booze or ganja. Several people were quite loaded in the restaurant, last night; wobbling in and out. One inebriated man was quarreling with his wife; she left in mid-meal, then he left and then they came back. Others came in the restaurant to chat and hang out with four people having dinner. This was one of their "gourmet" restaurants, where reservations are required, too.
I'm not saying the food is all mediocre or inedible; just a lot of it is. The tuna is canned and the fish fillet came from Guyana. My fish fillet had many bones in it. I haven't seen nor had any local fish… The grapefruit and coffee is good. The dark, smooth coffee is actually excellent, with a hint of chocolate. The bacon is nondescript and the previously frozen, deep fried hashbrown slabs were grease-filled. The jerk pork and chicken fricassee was wonderful. I have enjoyed the breads. They have some with real substance to them. The freshly made cheese and onion omelet was plain, but very enjoyable. The sliced cheeses are very mediocre. I did find some blue cheese that was good. At lunch we had relatively good success with desserts, but we're not big on desserts.
Last night we went to the "Special Jamaican Dinner". This means that they grill chicken and pork and there were two special sauces; one sweet mango and the other peppery and dark brown. This was good. I find it interesting that in Jamaica (at least), they just hack away at the meat without reservation as to content or quality. There were many pieces of pork that were pure fat and there were pieces of chicken that were unidentifiable and nothing but bone and cartilage. We found some rum infused ice cream and some nice desserts again. Now, we are becoming big dessert fans!
Being adventurous, we don't always look at the identifying cards above the food or reject anything just because it is foreign to us. We found a lot of new foods, like bread fruit, that were inedible and the tangerine was tasteless. The pineapple was good but the small, Gala looking apples were not that gala.
I suppose I could continue this whining ad nauseum. The weather is nice and I'm getting to swim a lot. No worries!