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Brownsville Borough Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines. Fayette County, Pennsylvania July 2012
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1 Brownsville Borough Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Fayette County, Pennsylvania July 2012
2 Brownsville Borough Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Fayette County, Pennsylvania July 2012 Sponsored by: National Road Heritage Corridor Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Redevelopment Authority of the County of Fayette Prepared by: T&B Planning, Inc. In association with: Landmark Design Associates Architects Skelly and Loy Fourth Economy Consulting
3 Foreword This document was prepared as part of a comprehensive study of the Brownsville Commercial Historic District. The study was led by the National Road Heritage Corridor, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC), and the Redevelopment Authority of the County of Fayette (RACF). The consulting firm T&B Planning, Inc. was retained to prepare these design guidelines. The comprehensive study includes four components: 1) a structural analysis and cost estimates for the stabilization and rehabilitation of 14 structures owned by the RACF (as of May 2012); 2) an economic market analysis that addresses influencing socio-economic conditions and identifies market sectors that may be suited to occupy structures in the Historic District; 3) a resurvey of the District to assess changed conditions since it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993; and 4) these design guidelines. The project is supported jointly by a grant from the PHMC, as well as the RACF, The Community Foundation of Fayette County Growth Fund, and Blueprint Communities Initiative of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) of Pittsburgh.
4 Table of Contents Part 1: Introduction... 1 Purpose of this Design Guide... 1 Why Brownsville?... 2 The Brownsville Commercial Historic District... 3 A Brief History of Brownsville... 4 Part 2: Design Guidelines... 6 Streetscape Pattern... 6 Architecture... 9 Storefronts Signs New Construction and Demolition Building Maintenance Special Treatment Area Dunlap s Creek References Appendices Appendix A - Rehabilitation Investment Tax Credits Appendix B - The U.S. Secretary of the Interior s Standards for Rehabilitation Appendix C Listing of National Park Service Preservation Briefs
5 Part 1: Introduction Purpose of Design Guidelines Design guidelines are a helpful tool to property owners, investors, architects, engineers, public officials, and other people involved in making decisions about physical changes to buildings and properties. These guidelines give advice about how to treat defining features in the Brownsville Commercial Historic District so that its overall look and feel remains an asset to the greater community. Places with distinct characters and unique opportunities are known to attract new owners, visitors, creative economic investment, and compounded improvements. Nationwide, historic communities are enjoying renewed interest and revitalization. The commercial core of Brownsville has many significant features that poise it to follow suit. The following pages contain recommendations about how to maintain the historic authenticity of the Brownsville Commercial Historic District, while attracting new uses that can succeed in the 21st century economy. Guidelines are provided in this document for building rehabilitation, demolition, and new construction. General direction also is included for signage and building maintenance. The use of this document is voluntary. However, by following the suggestions given herein, the Historic District will have a better chance to experience revitalization in ways that maintain its authentic qualities. Additionally, these guidelines align with the standards for building rehabilitation published by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior. When the federal standards are followed, owners of contributing properties undertaking rehabilitations in the Historic District can apply for income tax credits. As of 2012, up to 20% of certain building rehabilitation costs invested in income-producing properties qualify under the federal rehabilitation investment tax credit (RITC) program and up to 25% qualify under the state tax credit program. Design Guidelines are: Voluntary Easy to Follow Attractive to Investors Popular in Historic Districts Address Character-Defining Features Design Guidelines are not: Regulation Requirements Expensive to Implement Zoning regulations and building codes MUST also be followed. These design guidelines serve as a companion to those requirements and do not replace them. Contact the Fayette County Planning, Zoning & Community Development Office for more information. Contact the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) for more information about tax credit programs. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 1
6 Why Brownsville? One of Brownsville s most notable physical features is the 19th and early 20th century architecture found in the Brownsville Commercial Historic District. Although improvements are needed to make some of the buildings safe for occupancy, most of the principal structural components are sound and built with a degree of craftsmanship that would be nearly impossible to replicate in new construction. Investors find value in original, historic building materials and in the workmanship that makes historic buildings interesting and attractive. Each individual structure in the Brownsville Commercial Historic District is valuable, but even more so because of the contribution it makes to the character of the entire District. How the buildings relate to each other, form a neck along the National Road (Market Street), tell a story of local traditions and heritage, and afford views to the Monongahela River, make them even more irreplaceable as a collection. When one building is improved, so is the entire District. The opposite is also true; when one building falls into serious disrepair, it affects more than just itself. The use of design guidelines is a good way to keep the collective character of the Historic District intact. While many buildings in the Historic District are currently vacant, their listing on the National Register of Historic Places provides a substantial incentive for attracting economic development. Travelers using the National Road pass through the Historic District every day. Furthermore, outdoor recreation and tourism is increasing along this stretch of the Monongahela River. As of 2012, the River Town Program is exploring improved riverfront access in Brownsville and other nearby towns. This will position the Historic District to capture economic opportunities and other advantages brought by increased awareness of Brownsville s assets. From Decline to Vibrancy Similar to other communities in southwestern Pennsylvania, Brownsville experienced job loss and general disinvestment after World War II. Today, vacant and blighted properties are present in the historic downtown. Even though the Brownsville Commercial Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, local stakeholders debate the best course of action to demolish historic buildings in disrepair or to take steps to attract new owners and investors. Brownsville s vision is a future with few or no vacant buildings not because they will all be razed, but because existing structures will be filled with new life and ideas, and new tenants and owners bringing with them a renewed sense of vibrancy. Most of the Historic District s buildings offer street-level storefronts with exceptional opportunities for reuse as commercial enterprises, offices, professional service industries, and visitor destinations. Upper floors are adaptable for offices, storage, rental apartments, and much more. There is unmet demand for these uses, as demonstrated by an economic market study that accompanies these design guidelines. Promoting historic buildings to potential new owners, investors, and entrepreneurs offers substantial promise for Brownsville. Brownsville Postcard, circa 1930s. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 2
7 Overview of the Brownsville Commercial Historic District The Brownsville Commercial Historic District is located in and near a portion of Brownsville called the Neck, a low lying area parallel to the Monongahela River. Portions of Market Street, Brown Street, Brownsville Avenue, Seneca Street, Bank Street, High Street, and Water Street fall within the boundary, outlined in blue on the map below. As of 2012, a total of 51 buildings contribute to the historic integrity of the District. Unique Feature in the Historic District: Dunlap s Creek Bridge The Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June Listing on the National Register does not guarantee a property s protection from demolition or prevent it from falling into disrepair. Listing does, however, elevate the importance of the Historic District on a national level and gives owners of income-producing properties the opportunity to apply for federal and state tax credits if their structure undergoes rehabilitation according to the U.S. Secretary of the Interior s Standards for Rehabilitation. These design guidelines are compatible with those standards, which are available from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, and the PHMC. Refer to Appendix B and Appendix C of this document for more information. Du Historic image of Dunlap s Creek Bridge from Hart s History and Directory of the Three Towns, 1904 Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 3
8 A Brief History of Brownsville Brownsville s historic significance results from its position at the key intersection of the National Road, the Monongahela River, Dunlap s Creek, and the Monongahela Railway. The National Road was constructed through Brownsville in The town served as the main transfer point for travelers and goods on the roadway to boats on the Monongahela River. Boat yards were located along the riverbanks, and when canal boats gave way to the steamboat in the early 19th century, Brownsville took advantage of the change. The first steamboat to make the round trip down and back up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, called the Enterprise, was built just west of Dunlap s Creek. After the Snowdon Iron Works was established in Brownsville circa 1820, the townspeople were able to outfit steamboats (the only other place to do so in the region was Pittsburgh). The Snowdon Works also cast the nation s first metal arch iron bridge, which was erected over Dunlap s Creek in The bridge remains although its visibility is currently limited. In 1903, the Monongahela Railway constructed a rail line to connect Brownsville with coal mining towns along Redstone and Dunlap s Creeks. Brownsville was soon at the center of the Railway s hauling and repair operations. Brownsville, circa 1883 In 1928, the Railway constructed the Union Station Building at Market Street for its administrative headquarters. The Brownsville Commercial Historic District quickly became the mercantile depot for the region s growing population. It was home to coal and coke companies, banks, insurance and real estate offices, and doctor s, lawyer s, and other professional offices. By 1925, more than 200 businesses were located in today s Historic District, twice the number operating there in 1903 when the railroad first arrived. The economic boom following the arrival of the railroad resulted in the removal of most of the Historic District s original structures, which were replaced with taller, larger buildings built with finer and more decorative materials. Also, the plains along Dunlap s Creek were filled in and residents built structures over the creek and along High Street and newly laid Brownsville Avenue, Charles Street, and Seneca Street. The high point of commercial construction in the Historic District occurred during the 1920s, when nearly half of the Historic District s current buildings were erected. It is not unusual for adjacent buildings to be nearly identical in terms of design and materials; some even share integrated façades. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 4
9 Monongahela Bank Building Façades In 1902, the Monongahela National Bank (led by Charles L. Snowdon, bank president from ) was constructed at 41 Market Street. Its brick, Italian Renaissance façade was elaborated in terra cotta with columns, pilasters, and a secondstory Palladian window (top). In 1925, the Monongahela National Bank converted the Monongahela Hotel across the street at 46 Market Street into its second home, with a massive temple front (middle). 19th-Century Buildings The Flatiron Building is the oldest structure in the Historic District, erected circa 1835 by Robert Clark. The triangular-shaped, Flemishbond brick structure on a fieldstone foundation has a curved corner which gives it its name (top left). At 108 Bank Street is a circa 1880 Italianate two-story house adorned with brick quoins, elongated windows, bracketed eaves, and an elaborate frontispiece. The building was converted to commercial use early in the 20th century (bottom left). The International Order of Odd Fellows Building at 31 Market Street, circa 1876, was built as a three-story Italianate building to house meeting and social rooms and small retail establishments (top right). The former Cumberland Presbyterian Church at 135 High Street, now the Masonic Lodge, was constructed in 1878 with a 1907 addition (bottom right). The first-floor façade of 41 Market Street (top) was moved to Seneca Street where it became the façade for the public library (bottom). It has a large bay window on an elaborately carved stone base flanked by paired Corinthian columns. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 5
10 Part 2: Design Guidelines These design guidelines are for use by stakeholders of the Brownsville Commercial Historic District who are making small or large improvements to properties, are planning to renovate or rehabilitate existing buildings, are considering new construction or demolition, or are reviewing plans for approval. By making incremental changes over time to achieve a common goal and vision, the Historic District can once again become an enjoyable place to shop, work, live, access the riverfront, and spend time in a vibrant setting. The use of these design guidelines is voluntary. This document carries no legal weight or regulatory authority and does not replace the Fayette County Zoning Ordinance or applicable building codes and regulations which remain in full force and effect. Streetscape Pattern Basic Grid Pattern Streetscape Pattern-Brownsville Avenue Example Streetscape and Architectural Pattern The design character of the Brownsville Commercial Historic District is defined by the size and location of buildings positioned along the streets, in addition to the pattern formed by building façades, window and door locations, and decorative architectural details. One major alteration to a building in the Historic District, or small changes made to several buildings, can dramatically affect the overall, authentic historic pattern - for better or for worse. Therefore, it is important to consider how every modification made to a property or building can affect others, especially those immediately adjacent and on the same street. The streetscape pattern in the Historic District follows a very strong rhythmic vertical and horizontal pattern. When looking at the overall pattern of building design and placement in the Historic District, there is a very strong vertical and horizontal rhythm formed by the buildings themselves and the placement of windows, doors, and architectural features. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 6
11 Architectural Patterns When viewed as a collection, it is easy to see how architectural styles and patterns are a significant contributor to the character of the Historic District. Market Street Key Characteristics of the Brownsville Commercial Historic District Tight ensemble of commercial structures built in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Buildings constructed primarily of various shades of light and dark brick with cut stone and terra cotta decorative elements. Structure heights ranging from 1 to 6 stories, the majority of which are 3 to 4 stories tall with flat roofs. Brownsville Avenue Market Street Buildings in the Neck hug the street with shallow setbacks and narrow sidewalks. Most buildings have a Vernacular design, although several façades are elaborated with Italianate, Neoclassical, Art Deco, and Art Moderne elements. Presence of Dunlap s Creek Bridge, the first metal arch cast iron bridge in America. Dunlap s Creek Bridge Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 7
12 Streetscape Pattern Guidelines 1. Maintain the vertical and horizontal patterns formed by a series of adjacent buildings on a streetscape. Do not introduce new patterns or forms that break or change the existing pattern. See the sidebar Elements that Form a Pattern. Elements that Form a Pattern in the Brownsville Commercial Historic District Building Shape (boxy and rectangular) Setback from Sidewalk (shallow) Setback from Adjacent Buildings (none or narrow) Window Placement (linear and symmetrical) Front Door Placement (center or symmetrical) Decorative Architectural Features (horizontal and symmetrical) Storefront Design (entire width of the building) Roofline (flat) 2. Window and door patterns should relate to and be compatible with the pattern formed on adjacent building façades. The majority of existing buildings in the Historic District have a high proportion of openings (windows and doors) to wall area on the front façade. Maintain that proportion, particularly in regard to the storefront at street level. Do not close in openings. If openings must be closed, simulate an opening through architectural design. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 8
13 Architecture The overall architectural character of each building is important to maintain the integrity of the Historic District. No one-story buildings are present in the Historic District other than a structure on Market Street that is considered a non-contributing structure. As such, every significant building in the District has an upper façade and a lower façade. Some buildings also have a cornice, which is a projecting architectural feature at the top of the structure. Because most of the buildings were constructed as commercial enterprises, the lower façade is also usually called the storefront. (Refer to the next section for guidelines on the treatment of storefronts.) Typical Architectural Building Form in the Brownsville Commercial Historic District A A B C Cornice - An architectural element at the top of the exterior wall. Some buildings in the Historic District also feature a Pediment, which is a projecting architectural feature at the top of the building, above the cornice. Upper Façade All levels above the ground floor. Multi-story buildings in the Historic District reach up to six stories, but the majority are three to four stories with flat roofs. Lower Façade The street-level component of the building that faces the sidewalk and invites visitors to enter the structure. B C Brick is by far the most common exterior building material used in Brownsville, but some buildings display other types of masonry or stone. For example, the National Deposit Bank Building at the corner of High and Bank Streets has a brick upper façade while the first floor/mezzanine façade is faced with limestone. The front façade of the Monongahela National Bank building (former Monongahela Hotel) on Market Street features Indiana granite. The façade of the library at 100 Seneca Street (former façade of the first Monongahela National Bank Building) has an elaborately carved stone base. The Union Station building at Market Street features granite and marble along the lower façade. Many of the buildings in the Historic District have elaborate detailing and display the work of skilled craftsmen of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Even the brickwork in many of the upper façades are set in patterns that produce decorative surface textures and effects. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 9
14 Material and Architectural Details Guidelines 3. Maintain, repair, and/or restore the original brickwork and stonework that is characteristic of the Historic District. Do not cover original building façades with modern materials like siding or metal sheeting. 4. When renovating an existing building, retain and/or restore as many original architectural features as possible, particularly the exterior building materials, windows, decorative details, and cornice. 5. Retain historically significant interior features, particularly those that display the work of skilled craftsmen. 6. If an original architectural detail is missing or partially missing from the exterior building façade, replace it using like-kind materials. For example, it is not appropriate to replace an original decorative element made of masonry with one fabricated from plastic. 7. If original architectural details or ornamentation on the upper or lower façade are currently covered, they should be uncovered, exposed, and repaired during the course of building renovation. 8. Do not paint over brick and stone on the upper or lower building façade. If paint is currently applied, maintain the existing color or use a color that complements the character of the Historic District. 9. Retain and preserve original windows whenever feasible, including the openings and details, such as the sill, sash, glass, lintel, hood, and hardware. If original openings are already closed in or were replaced by smaller windows, restore the original design. Rehabilitating an Exterior Façade Retain and restore original materials. Retain and restore decorative architectural elements like columns, posts, and cornices. Clean the façade using the gentlest means possible (avoid harsh chemicals and sandblasting). Maintain the size and shape of original window and door openings. If feasible, repair windows rather than replacing them. Remove applied materials that cover original features. Match original materials and colors to the greatest extent possible. Hood Sash Glass Sill Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 10
15 Storefronts Most of the existing buildings in the Historic District were constructed to serve commercial purposes at the street level. A majority of the buildings are designed with a traditional storefront, which contributes to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere along the sidewalks. Restoring a Storefront Assess the existing condition. Determine how the traditional storefront was modified and if original materials remain. Look at historical photos if necessary. Streetscape Pattern Guidelines 10. If an original storefront feature must be replaced, replace only the deteriorated element to match the original as much as possible (size, scale, proportion, material, texture, and detail). 11. Do not cover storefronts façades with metal, plastic, siding, or other materials that substantially deviate from original construction materials. (Exception temporary for safety /stabilization purposes.) 12. If traditional storefronts have been covered or modified, restore traditional features during building rehabilitation projects. Determine the improvements that need to be made to recapture the look of the traditional storefront. Sketch out a plan. If original materials are present, restore them to the extent possible, rather than replace. Remove any applied materials that may cover the original façade. Match original materials as feasible. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 11
16 Traditional Storefront Features Storefront Feature Definitions The diagram below (with definitions in the sidebar) shows the traditional features most frequently found in a storefront in the Brownsville Commercial Historic District. BUSINESS Lintel Structural element above the storefront that supports the parapet or upper wall. If awnings are installed, they generally are anchored just above or below the lintel. Transom Upper windows in a storefront that can be fixed or operable for opening and closing. Materials are either clear, colored, patterned, or stained glass. Display Window Large area of clear glass used to display products or through which interior functions can be seen Bulkhead The area directly below the display windows. Materials are typically wood, metal, or masonry. Sign Letters, symbols, or a combination thereof that identify the ground floor building occupant. 13. Retain traditional storefront designs, including features such as recessed entryways, transparent doors and display windows, transoms, bulkheads, columns, brick and stonework, etc. As much as possible, base the design on historical photographs of the building. Maintain the storefront s original proportions, dimensions, and architectural elements, which are contributing features to the Historic District s character. 6 7 Entry Primary entrance to the ground floor of the structure, through either a single or double door. In the Brownsville Commercial Historic District, the door is usually set back from the front plane of the building façade in a recessed fashion. The threshold (recessed floor of the entry) can be distinct from the concrete sidewalk by using decorative tile or masonry. Column or Post A vertical decorative element. Depending on the architectural style of the building, some entries are flanked by decorative columns or posts. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 12
17 Signs Given that most buildings in the Historic District directly adjoin the public streets and sidewalks, there are few front and side yards where freestanding signs can be placed. Most signs (other than street signs) in the Historic District are attached to buildings. Sign Types 1 Upper Floor Window Sign Sign is placed on or inside the window and is not attached to the exterior of the building. Sign Guidelines 14. The below diagram shows typical locations on the front façade that are appropriate to place signage. Do not cover or obstruct distinct architectural features and details of the building with signs. 2 3 Transom Sign Sign is placed on or designed into the transom. Awning Sign Sign is placed on the awning or is stitched into a fabric awning. 4 Hanging Sign Sign is hung from a pole projecting from the building façade. 1 5 Lower Display Window Sign Sign is located inside the display window or is painted onto the surface of the window Zoning regulations pertaining to signage and lighting MUST also be followed. Refer to the Fayette County Zoning Ordinance, Article III to -320 for more information about sign requirements and to Article II and 508 for more information about lighting. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 13
18 15. Do not paint signs directly onto a building s masonry (exception: decorative murals interpreting Brownsville s history located on side and rear façades, which are appropriate in select locations). 16. Use a design and color scheme that complements the architectural features of the building. 17. Design signs to be readable from the adjoining public sidewalk and street. Block letters increase legibility. 18. If awnings are installed, select awnings made of cloth or other woven fabric such as canvas. Metal, vinyl, and plastic awnings are discouraged. 19. If awnings are installed, coordinate awning fabric colors with the building s overall color scheme and awnings that may be installed on adjacent buildings or on the same street. If multiple awnings are installed on the same building, they should be identical in color and design. Solid colors, wide stripes, and narrow stripes are appropriate. Do not install awnings with complex patterns. 20. Design all large freestanding signs with double posts and a traditional sign shape. The following diagram shows examples. Customized Interpretive and Directional Signs There may be a need to place directional and interpretive signage in the Historic District. For example, directional signs may be added that give walking directions to the Monongahela riverfront or to the Riverfront Wharf Park. These design guidelines strongly recommend that a customized sign design be established and used throughout the Historic District for all signs intended to give direction or interpret Brownsville s history. Dunlap s Creek Bridge is a defining feature of the Historic District. The pattern of the bridge s iron work is an excellent choice for a customized sign design. To Riverfront Wharf Park Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 14
19 Demolition and New Construction Preservation of the Brownsville Commercial Historic District s historic character may not necessarily mean that every structure is saved or that new construction never occurs. However, keep in mind that the current collection of historic buildings gives the Historic District its appeal. Too many demolitions and/or new development that does not fit in with the existing character can destroy the historic integrity of the District. For this reason, it is very important for stakeholders to carefully consider the short- and long-term effects of demolitions and new construction. Dealing with a Mid-Block Demolition If a building is considered for demolition, determine advantages and disadvantages, and identify how the parcel will be used after the building is gone. For example, a strategically selected demolition along Market Street would offer various opportunities. Demolition Guidelines 21. If a building is targeted for demolition, identify the use of the vacant parcel following demolition. All parcels should have an intended use and vacant lots must have a plan for maintenance. 22. Demolitions are less damaging to historic integrity if they occur at the end of a building row. If a demolition occurs in the middle of a row, develop a plan for short- and long-term use of the parcel. All vacant lots in the middle of a building row should have an active use (new building construction, use as a park, an urban garden, or other useful space). 23. If a historic building with a unique front façade is being considered for demolition to accommodate new construction, determine if the front façade can be stabilized and incorporated into the new construction project. 24. Before a historic building is demolished, salvage all materials that could be reused. 25. If ground-disturbing activities will occur, monitor those activities for the potential discovery of buried archaeological resources. If resources are found, notify the PHMC and the Brownsville Historical Society. The vacant lot could be used as a small passive park, providing a place for people to socialize on Market Street with a river view. Or, the vacant lot could offer opportunities for new infill construction that is compatible with the streetscape and architectural pattern along the street. 26. If demolition activity exposes the side wall of an adjacent structure, repair that wall to acceptable standards. Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 15
20 New Construction Guidelines (also applies to additions to existing buildings) 27. Design new buildings to be compatible with the character of the Historic District in terms of building height, proportion, roof shape, materials, texture, scale, details, color, etc. Design new buildings to appear new. Do not construct a new building in a way that would make it falsely appear historic. 28. When new construction is planned, design the architectural pattern and form to be compatible with existing structures in the Brownsville Commercial Historic District, especially those on adjacent parcels. Consider the setback from the street, size and spacing of windows or other openings and fenestrations, proportion, scale, and detailing. New Construction in the Brownsville Commercial Historic District Flat or Gently Sloping Roof Exterior building materials that complement adjacent buildings. 29. Include a storefront design on the ground level of the front façade of all new buildings. (Refer to above guidelines about storefronts.) 30. All new buildings should have a flat roof or a very gently sloping roof. Steeply sloped roofs are incompatible with the character of the Historic District. 31. One-story buildings are strongly discouraged in the Historic District. Construct new buildings to a height of at least two stories and complement the height and scale of immediately adjacent buildings and other buildings on the same street. 32. If salvaged materials are available, make use of building materials salvaged from a demolition in the Historic District or the nearby vicinity. 33. Use exterior building materials that are compatible with the materials found on other buildings in the Historic District. Brick and stone are the only primary exterior building materials currently used, and this trend should continue. Do not use aluminum, wooden, or artificial siding or shingles, or wood / logs as the main façade material for new construction. Same or similar front setback as adjacent structures. Similar pattern of window and door openings as other buildings on the same street Brownsville Commercial Historic District Design Guidelines Page 16
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text:
A new building sits back from the main road in the Sankhampaeng factory area. It's long, narrow and white. Surrounded by green fields and mountains in the background, it seems out of place on a newly cleared flat of brown land. In the building sit hundreds of women at hand looms, spinning cotton in the traditional way. The only difference between this setting and that of the past is that all the women are together in a large area. Before they were at home in their village or in small groups at home factories. This is a new development in Chiangmai's weaving industry, for a large cotton-making operation has placed the traditional loom in a new, large factory setting.
Down the road at one of Chiangmai's largest silk factories, a woman sits alone with large bamboo trays on either side and a charcoal fire burning in a concrete bucket at her feet Over the fire is a small iron kettle with three iron prongs leading from the edges upward. These prongs lead up to a narrowed top where a bamboo spool holds silk freshly extracted from a cocoon. The woman holds the cocoon in a boiling liquid with a set of bamboo thongs in one hand, and she delicately manoeuvres the silk upward to the spool with her other hand. She is preparing silk for the weavers. Nearby, a group of women sit with the finished silk on a large round spool, and from it they wind the thread onto smaller spools that can be used in commercial application of the thread.
Those two greatly contrasting scenes are real, and they are indicative of one of northern Thailand's oldest and most precious arts, the art of weaving. Whether in cotton or silk, the traditional hand loom is responsible for the fine and beautiful woven fabrics so well known to the North.
There is something strangely prescient about this very Thai way of maintaining a tradition. The woman we saw spooling silk thread from the cocoon in the kettle is one of many hundreds in the Chiangmai area who spend their days working over such kettles, and often working over larger vats where many work at the same time, processing the tens of thousands of cocoons that come in from the local mulberry nurseries where silkworm are raised, and from the more productive silkworm area of Thailand's Northeast.
In the actual hand loom setting, there are various types of looms, and there are many loom sizes. Silk or cotton thread, produced here in the North through a long and complex process, is wrapped around the many boards of the loom and run to a central board, which is then attached to the main moving mechanism and connected with the loom foot pedal. On some of the older looms, used for weaving the delicate designs we see on cotton and silk Thai skirts and blouses, the thread is fed into the loom from a large spool that hangs near the weaver's head. This thread, in large bunches and very long lengths, is pulled across the top of the loom down over the back at an angle to a low board, and then up to the flat board section where the thread is pulled through at the weaver's hands. In this way, the weaver has more dexterous control over the pattern to be weaved, and wrapped boards of thread in other colors can be inserted at the proper time.
On a larger, more complicated loom for broad rolls of silk on cotton cloth, the thread is most often already wrapped around rolls that are specifically made for lengths of mass-market fabric. This is a more advanced mechanized process also, but the loom itself is basically the same. In any of the larger silk or cotton factories of Chiangmai, a combination of the smaller, simpler looms and the larger, more complex looms are used.
Further north, in the town of Chiang Khong in Chiangrai Province, we see a more basic type of hand loom. This is the homemade loom of bamboo that was once the universal loom in northern Southeast Asia. It is now often referred to at the Lao hand loom because of it's common use in Laos, but actually it is typical of the very old looms of Chiangmai also. This loom is now most common not only in Chiang Khong, but also on the other side of the Mekhong River in Laos, and in the weaving villages of Vientiane (Laos) and those of Northeastern Thailand (Esarn). It is on these looms that the very famous Lao, Thai and Khmer silks and cocoons were woven for centuries.
Today, Chiang Khong is a lively woven textile center on the Thai-Lao border, and many of its styles and patterns are distinctly Lao because of the neighboring influence across the Mekhong. The silk and cocoon pieces woven in the Lao and Northeastern Thai areas are often of a different texture and quality because of the raw materials used, because of the more traditional patterns in weaving, and because of the older, more traditional hand looms themselves. The products are often of rougher texture and character but no less attractive.
The process of silk and cotton spinning in northern Southeast Asia begins with the growing of the raw materials: silk from the silkworm cocoons; cotton from the cotton fields on the plains of Chiangmai. By the time the actual weaving begins, a great deal of work and time has already gone into this local industry. Once the spinning begins, the main tool is the hand loom, and with the loom the weavers of the North continue a refined and artistic tradition that the Thai apparently are intent on maintaining indefinitely.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
This time PM boards rickshaw in Khaliajuri
Published : 19 May 2017, 12:39
After travelling by a rickshaw van at his ancestral village of Tungipara in Gopalganj in January, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina this time boarded a rickshaw in Khaliajuri of Netrakona yesterday.
The Prime Minister, on a visit to Khaliajuri upazila to see for herself the flood-affected haor areas, took a trip by a rickshaw to go to Khaliajuri District Council Dak Banglow from Khaliajuri Upazila Health Complex.
After holding a meeting with public representatives, government officials and the local elite at Khaliajuri Upazila Health Complex, the Prime Minister surprised all by boarding a rickshaw to go to Khaliajuri District Council Dak Banglow, which is nearly 200 yards off the venue.
The people of the upazila enjoyed astonishingly the Prime Minister's rickshaw ride.
The fortunate rickshaw-puller was Tipu Sultan who hails from Chinarhati village of Khaliajuri upazila.
Later talking to this correspondent, Tipu Sultan, who has been engaged in rickshaw pulling for six months, said he is delighted to carry the Prime Minister as his passenger.
"I'm very happy that the honourable Prime Minister boarded my rickshaw," he said.
Tipu Sultan, however, said he wants to do other jobs instead of rickshaw-pulling.
On Jan 27, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, on board a local rickshaw van along with her grandchildren, had a round visit at her ancestral village in Tungipara to see for herself the condition of the villagers side by side enjoying the beauty of the place.
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Bengaluru, Nov 30: Brazilian football club Chapecoense experienced a horrific disaster yesterday, November 29 as a 22 man squad, who were traveling to Colombia met with a plane crash lost their lives. [Airplane carrying Chapecoense footballers crashes in Colombia ]
All league special site; Black boxes found from Brazilian football team plane crash
Chapecoense had qualified for the final of Copa Sudamericana and were scheduled to face Colombia's Atletico Nacional. Unfortunately, the players never reached their destination.
The Chapecoense air disaster will surely go down the history books of football as one of the darkest incidents.
After the dreadful incident happened last morning the entire football fraternity stood unified around the globe and had sent out their deepest condolences for the Brazilian side.
While some paid their homage on the social media platforms some chose the football field to pay their last respect to the deceased souls.
Here are some of the tweets of clubs and footballers:
Wayne Rooney
Wayne Rooney paid his last homage on Twitter.
David De Gea
David De Gea pays his last homage to Chapecoense footballers
Sunil Chhetri
Sunil Chhetri pays his last homage to Chapecoense footballers.
November 29, 2016
Brazilian international Neymar pays his last homage to Chapecoense footballers.
Liverpool FC
Liverpool FC players maintained 2 minutes silence before the start of their EFL Cup match against Leeds United.
Chelsea FC
Chelsea FC paid their last homage to Chapecoense footballers.
Dani Alves
Brazilian footballer Dani Alves paid his last homage to Chapecoense footballers.
Indian Football Team
Indian Football Team's last homage to Chapecoense footballers.
Indian Super League
2 minutes silence was maintained before the start of ISL match between Atletico de Kolkata and Kerala Blasters at Kolkata.
Arsenal FC
Arsenal FC pay last homage to Chapecoense footballers.
OneIndia News


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Response and adaptation to climate change has moved from a debate about society's impact upon the environment to a significant economic and environmental challenge for industry. Sustainability and efficiency imperatives present both opportunity and risk, requiring innovative and informed legal solutions.
HWL Ebsworth's Climate Change and Sustainability Group comprises a national team of specialists in energy, environment, finance, infrastructure, planning, property and resources who deliver commercial, whole of sector solutions in response to the rapidly evolving legal and regulatory framework.
We have an in depth understanding of market trading mechanisms relating to NGERS, RECs, GECs, NGACs, MRETs, voluntary products in regulated and non-regulated markets, compliance and regulatory issues in project planning and implementation, contractual drafting requirements and market operation mechanisms.
We work with our clients to adapt to climate change policy and regulation, commercially realise water security and supply in line with policy reform initiatives, facilitate renewable energy projects, implement climate change adaptation strategies and ecologically sustainable development principles, negotiate green energy contracts including planning, construction and monitoring of green building and infrastructure projects (Green Star, NABERS), green leases and rating benchmarks, respond to the climate change issues arising in relation to development and infrastructure projects and seize opportunities to manage risk in carbon trading markets.
Our relevant experience includes acting on the following matters.


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Christmas Is is a 1970 made-for-television animated special. It was produced by Screen Images Productions, which also produced The City That Forgot About Christmas. The character Benji appears in both specials. A third special featuring Benji, Freedom Is, for the Fourth of July, was also produced.
Benji is upset that he is always given the part of second shepherd in his school's Christmas pageant. He doesn't really understand what the big deal about Christmas is. His friend Tommy tries to explain it to him, but he isn't interested. Another friend, named Jimmy, who goes to a different school, tells him their pageant is about Santa Claus, and that he'll be playing an elf, making Benji envious. He wishes his school would do a pageant like that instead of the Nativity story. Then Benji has a dream about the birth of Jesus, and he finally understands just how important a role the shepherds played in spreading the news about His birth, But he also learns that it's the birth of Jesus that is the most important part of Christmas. He then knows he has to share this realization with his friend Jimmy.
Cast (voices)
- June Foray
- Hans Conreid
- Don Messick
External links
- Christmas Is at the Internet Movie Database
- Christmas Is at the Big Cartoon Database
- Watch it on YouTube


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Lu Lu's Coffee and Bagel Shop
Lawton, OK 73505
At the big moose on the north side of Cache road in Lawton, turn in for refreshing coffee and sandwiches at Lu...Learn More
At the big moose on the north side of Cache road in Lawton, turn in for refreshing coffee and sandwiches at Lu...Learn More
Are you in the mood for traditionally prepared Mexican food? Try Los Tres Amigos with two convenient locations in Lawton...Learn More
For anybody who grew up in or has lived in Lawton, Wayne's is universally known for being "on the way home." For three...Learn More
China Garden is a full service Chinese restaurant. The menu features vegetarian, low cholesterol, and healthy items as...Learn More
Come to Samurai Sushi and Hibachi in Lawton for a meal you can trust is comprised of fresh ingredients. Fish...Learn More
For an authentic Korean food experience in Oklahoma, head to Gangnam Style Korean BBQ in Lawton. Fans rave about the...Learn More
Settle any dinner disputes at CG's International Cuisine in Lawton. With dishes inspired by American,...Learn More
S&B's Burger Joint, located near Cache Road in Lawton, uses only the freshest ingredients in all of their menu...Learn More
Marco's Pizza in Lawton is sure to have something for everyone with a variety of build your own and specialty pizzas,...Learn More
Billy Sims BBQ in Lawton offers a variety of slow-smoked barbecued meats and more. Try one of the barbecue...Learn More


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Great Falls, Montana (PressExposure) February 03, 2011 -- The art of accessorizing creates a way for consumers to take an every-day product and give it their own personal twist. Handbags and wallets can mix and match, pairing vintage clothes with modern trends and even car manufacturers allow for consumers to choose paint color, interior options and customizations. Accessories for perfume have been around for decades and the selection of perfume decanters is wide and varied. Donna VanHeel, head of sales for Perfume Jewelry Store, tracked consumer purchases over a three month period and noted an increase in consumer awareness and selection of personal perfume accessories.
Perfume is available in different concentrations from oils and extracts to eau de toilette to mists and splashes. Atomizers and sprays allow for a mist of perfume to be diffused onto clothing or skin while more concentrated roll-ons, oils or lotions are rubbed into the skin. Other accessories, such as perfume jewelry, allow for the fragrance to be added to a pendant or other jewelry and the scent is diffused into the air over a period of time. "Perfume jewelry is a great option for many consumers," states VanHeel. "For people with skin allergies or a sensitivity to perfume, this type of diffuser is a great option because it keeps the scent off of the skin or clothing but still allows for the smell to diffuse into the air." VanHeel also notes that customer product reviews show that the added benefit of not having to reapply the perfume is a major selling point.
Perfume accessories have been around for centuries and include a wide assortment of decanters such as atomizers, oils, lotions and sprays. Perfume jewelry is a versatile fashion accessory that will hold spray perfume, dab on fragrances or even aromatherapy oils and the scent is diffused into the air and not the skin and clothing.
Perfume Jewelry Store is an online retailer of perfume related products and resources to consumers looking for affordable ways to accessorize. Founded in 2009, the store has an education center full of tips and hints for consumers looking for perfume accessories.
URL: [http://www.perfumejewelrystore.com/]


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- in stock -
C W Sellors
9ct Yellow Gold Blue John Abstract Flame Drop Necklace
9ct Yellow Gold Blue John Abstract Flame Drop Necklace P2559
This exquisite necklace features an abstract flame design crafted from 9ct yellow gold that sits gracefully on an 18 inch long yellow gold chain. Set in the centre of the flame, creating a beautiful contrast, is a stunning round cabochon piece of rare Blue John stone that has been sourced directly from Treak Cliff Cavern in Castleton.
All our Blue John jewellery is designed and crafted within our very own workshops in Ashbourne, Derbyshire where a team of skilled craftsmen turn the raw Blue John stone into these stunning pieces of jewellery. You can find other matching Blue John jewellery and other Blue John necklaces on our website.
All articles purchased from C W Sellors are lovingly and securely dispatched with our elegant jewellery packaging.
Brand C W Sellors
Supplier Model No. P2559
Collection NEW
Gemstone Blue John
Coloured Gemstone
Metal Gold
Yellow Gold
Packaging C W Sellors Luxury
Gender Ladies
We offer Free UK next day delivery on orders over £50, in stock items will be sent the same day when ordered before 4pm. All our items are dispatched using a Royal Mail tracked signed for service.
We do offer shipping worldwide, charges will be calculated in the checkout for deliveries outside of the UK.
For more information about our delivery services available, contact us on 01335 453453 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com
Loan amount:
Repayment Terms


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A series of short films, exploring a future city saturated with technology and media. Kickstarter Project
Top Pitch Wearable Technology
Here is my pitch:
I currently blog about Wearable Technology, http://www.FashionRobots.co.uk and have been working on building the fashion tech scene in the U.K. My background is working in fashion design, marketing, manufacturing and technology, check out my Linkedin profile https://www.linkedin.com/in/collettecostello.
I have been searching for the "golden" product of what will bring Wearable Technology into the fashion apparel market, making a product that is attractive and fashionable. I believe the answer is "conductive fabrics" woven into threads to create beautiful surface embroidery that can light-up, these threads can also be made touch sensitive to control the lights or attached to other products such as mini camera. See my blog post for visual examples – https://fashionrobots.co.uk/2016/04/27/top-pitch-conductive-embroidery/
Currently the wearable technology market is based around a single product, a pair of glasses, a watch, a necklace, if it is in clothing is for practical reasons to monitor heart-rate for fitness. For wearable technology to working in the fashion apparel market it needs to be integrated easily into fashion garments and current manufacturing processes.
Conductive threads are no different from ordinary threads and can easily be embroidered onto existing fashion garments to create a light-up garment that is on trend. The result is a subtle yet unique, interactive fashion apparel garment that is easy, cheap to manufacture and the first step to the fashion consumer wearing wearable technology without looking like a Jetsons reject. To prove confidence in this idea Google are currently working on a project called Jacquard where conductive fibres will be woven into Levi jeans to control mobile phones, Top-shop could follow suit and be pioneer in this area too.
Tech Fashion Week Manchester 2016
Are you a Wearable Technology designer wanting to showcase at Manchester's Fashion Tech Week 2016?
Manchester U.K is the home of pioneering music and design, the future of fashion is Wearable Technology. If you are a student, independent designer or a established company with an interest in Wearable Technology, please show your interest in working with me by contacting Collette Costello @fashionrobots.
Wearable Technology Talks Manchester
Collette Costello – Wearable Technology expert based in Manchester U.K
Wearable Technology is an area that interests me greatly, I have spent recent years researching developments in this area as seen on this blog and my Twitter feed. If you are holding a digital, technology event and would like me to discuss the future of this pioneering area please contact me @fashionrobots.
Smart Fabrics Future of Wearables?
An article featured in the Wired this month predicts that smart fabrics not attached wearable objects such as wristbands will be the future of wearable technology and I completely agree. My blog is full of examples of how technology can be integrated into fabrics and this technology just needs applying to clothing as Google have started to do with project Jacquard, touch sensitive fabric that is now being combined with Levi jeans.
Manchester Wearable Technology Scene
A fashion designer from Manchester U.K, I became interested in Wearable Technology a few years ago and started blogging about developments in this area. Keen to network I have been keeping a watch on the "Wearable Technology" scene in Manchester and have found a distinct gap in the market to be filled. Whilst in London big names such as Cute Circuit are making a big impact on the market in Manchester only a few solitary figures are making waves in the area such as Made by Glove, it will interesting to see how this area develops over the next few years and who is the first big name designer to come from the north west to have success in this area.
Wearables New York Fashion Week SS16
Biometric-controlled clothing revealed at New York Fashion Week brought the future of wearable technology to life "Chromat".
Lady Gaga Flying Dress
Lady Gaga introduces VOLANTIS, the World's First Flying Dress
Transparent Leds on Fabric
Thermochromic Inks Combined with 3d Print
Since the days of the Hyper-glow t-shirt in the 1990's, colour changing fashion as been of the scene. However with 3D printing it is making a bit of a come back, it is possible to print it directly onto fabrics or as part of a 3D object.


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Android App
Ngân sách $30-250 USD
I need an Android app. I would like it designed and built.
Đã trao cho:
Good day, We can do this project for you!!! Make an impact with the top notch design; we are ready to work on your project. We offer professional services of innovative graphic design at a very reasonable price. O Thêm
39 freelancer đang chào giá trung bình $172 cho công việc này
Hello, I propose to complete your project with perfection right on time. Review and use the available description and resources in order to complete this project. Relevant Skills and Experience Please provide us with Thêm
I can do your app! Relevant Skills and Experience 5+ year experience in android Proposed Milestones $155 USD - app
Greetings, WE WILL DO THIS WORK AS PER YOUR REQUIREMENT AND EXPECTATIONS. With the experience of over 1600+ web development projects including ANDROID , iOS , WEBSITES , WEB APPLICATIONS AND SOFTWARES we are the fa Thêm
Hello. I've read your description. I have great experiences in mobile app development. Swift3 and android are my major skill. I can prove my skills by my previous works. iOS Apps: https://itunes.apple.com/app/ Thêm
Android App Relevant Skills and Experience Android, Mobile Phone Proposed Milestones $155 USD - work
Dear, sir. Nice to meet you. I am a mobile developer by profession and expert. I have developed many apps for 7+ years and uploaded it on app store and play store and so have the rich experience in this area. I hav Thêm
What are the apps requirements we can discuss it and fix the cost for the work. Hope to hear from you soon. Relevant Skills and Experience android, mobile phone Proposed Milestones $50 USD - Default
Hello, I am a mobile development expert with rich experiences and strong skills at building mobile app development. Looking forward to hear from you soon. Relevant Skills and Experience 5 Year Experience in Mobile de Thêm
Hello sir, I am responding to your proposal on behalf of our company that you have given to your company for mobile app development.Actually we created a company for app developing. We believe that I have the drive, e Thêm
Hi, sir I had a detailed look on your project, I mastering android and java I'm sure I can complete your project. My price and period is negotiable. We can discuss the details via chat. Thanks
Hope you're doing well. I'm a senior mobile & web providing customized solution in mobile apps and website development having experience since 6+ years. I've vast experiences and latest technologies with my energet Thêm
If your project is a boat in a turbulent sea, I will ride with you on your boat without hesitation. Your ship will arrive at Treasure Island. Relevant Skills and Experience Hey, I'm interested in your project. Please Thêm


text: 2020Harpy Lieutenant RingItem Level 1Disenchants into:Not disenchantableQuest Item SourceEdit [15-17] Witchwing Slayer in The Barrens Objective ofEdit [16] Harpy Lieutenants External linksEdit Battle.net (EU) Wowhead Thottbot WoWDB Retrieved from "http://wowwiki.wikia.com/wiki/Harpy_Lieutenant_Ring?oldid=2033075" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: World of Warcraft common quest items Add category Cancel Save


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the overwhelming majority are a welcome addition to the lineup but there are a few i've been watching drop in on everyone in sight for years. today saw the worst repeat offender paddle out to a crowded peak and proceed to blatantly drop in on someone on her first three waves. on one she had the audacity to apologize and say she didn't see the guy she plowed over with her giant log. no, you didn't see him because YOU NEVER LOOK BACK!
these ladies aren't beginners. they just don't give a fcuk.
(this concludes this yearly rant. have a great weekend!)
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Thread: the ladies of the rockaways
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May 10, 2012, 04:31 PM #1Senior Member
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- Jul 2010
- Posts
- 271
the ladies of the rockaways


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Cycling Okinawa
The Voyagin team has screened this host. Learn more
ONLY for Voyagin guests! 30% OFF Mobile Wifi Service when you travel in Japan! (Click here for more details)
Join us to see the real OKINAWA on our cycling tour!
Feel closer to the city to ride a bike in Okinawa, cycling along the beautiful coast with sea breeze. It will be something different.
Every year, "Tour de Okinawa" has been held on Okinawa beautiful coastline.
In this activity, we will explore the city of Okinawa road bike along with the local people.
You can also take a bike ride the same course as "Tour de Okinawa" in the options.
Please enjoy to cycling with rich nature of Okinawa.
Important Information
What you need to bring
- 日本語 (Fluent)
- English (Fluent)
Hello!! I am Atsushi.
I'm a freelance architect and coach. I love traveling and cooking and food. I am happy to serve and show you Okinawan people's life style. I believe you will be able to experience what it's like to live like a local through my experience.
I welcome you to Okinawa anytime!
View full profile
Up to 1 Week Prior


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Tip: Put a + in front of words that must be included. To search for Monster Hunter and only receive results with both words, use +Monster +Hunter
Inventory Blowout! Professional quality cosplay wigs 30-40% off with shipping included - Click Here for details
Homepage: http://www.stefaniecarlson.com
Member Since 03-04-2004
Last Activity: 11-18-2014 - 08:35 PM
United States


text: Just a reminder to everyone to register and use your blogs for parody articles, jokes, and other fan creations that don't belong with the main articles. You'll get a better response and other users can vote on how funny your idea is. Keep in mind that Xenopedia is an inclusive wiki open to all Alien vs. Predator fans. Guidelines to be determined, but try to keep it PG-13/R rated (think Adult Swim on Cartoon Network). X-rated or otherwise wildly offensive stuff will be removed.-----CadmiumX99 18:01, July 7, 2010 (UTC)


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DH5_3 Electronic Sheep 'CURL & STYLE' SCARF
Colour: WHITE/MULTI
Size: Across Top 174cm, Sides 102cm, Middle Drop 54cm
Composition: 80% Lambswool/ 20% Polyamide
Electronic Sheep big triangle scarf knitted in soft wool. Designed by Brenda Aherne and Helen Delany in London/Dublin. Made in Greece, Europe. Hand wash.
Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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House Sitter in Anchorage
I'm a single grandma recently widowed an very trustworthy an I love to clean an organize.. your house will be in good hands while your gone I will keep clean an well maintained..
House Sitter Details
|Email Address
|Phone Number
|907-312-... Confirmed
Collect Mail
Feed Pets
Care For Plants
Take Out Trash/Recycling
Snow Clearing
Notes made here will only be seen by you. If you want to message the owner of this listing
More in Anchorage, Alaska
Looking for House Sitting jobs in Anchorage, AK?
Find available jobs in your city.
Featured House Sitters near Anchorage, AK


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MBI® Lateral File Center; Putty
Item #: 901-M8000LPY
Model #: M8000LPU
Brand: MBI
$439.99 Each
Product Highlights
- File Cabinet Type: Lateral File
- Furnishing Color: Putty/Beige
- Number of File Drawers: 3
Help with furniture delivery, assembly,...Read more + Read less -
protection plans and more.
Plus, you've got choices! You'll find options for those DIYers on a budget, those that want us to do all the work and everyone in-between. Want all the details? Get them right here.
Keep office supplies, important documents, and other items close at hand using this MBI lateral file center. The lateral file drawer is deep and versatile enough to accommodate letter and legal files, while two storage drawers and a door compartment provide ample space for reams of paper, writing utensils and other supplies. Two locks secure all compartments on this lateral file center to protect belongings from theft or unauthorized access.
- Putty powder-coat finish
- Single-lock system secures all drawers with one key (2 keys included)
- Door locks separately
- Extra-deep lateral file drawer accommodates letter- or legal-sized files
- Small drawers on right: 4-11/16Hx13-1/2Wx16-3/4"D
- Cabinet on left: 13-13/16Hx11-17/32Wx16-3/4"D
- File drawer: 9-3/4Hx27-1/8Wx16-3/4"D
- Ships fully-assembled
- Manufacturer's limited warranty
- Made in USA
|File Cabinet Type : Lateral File
|Furnishing Color : Putty/Beige
|Number of File Drawers : 3
|Fire Resistant : Not Fire Resistant
|Furnishing Material : Metal
|Height (in.) : 30
|Width (in.) : 30
|Depth (in.) : 18
|File Cabinet Assembly : Fully assembled
|File Follower Included : Not Applicable
|File Frame Needed : No
|Warranty Information : 1 year
|Brand : MBI
|Weight : 100.00 lbs. per Each
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