text:
Ubiquigeneous Networking
- Janice Harrison
- 2 years ago
- Views:
1 A Distributed Networking Application Over Mobile Embedded Devices. Author: Rodolfo Kohn Thesis Director: Luis Marrone Thesis presented to obtain the grade of Master in Data Networking Faculty of Informatics - National University of La Plata September 2004
2 ii
3 ללאורה ולתינוק הראשון שלנו A Laura y nuestro primer bebé. באהבה. iii
4 Acknowledgments This is the result of a four-year effort beginning with the first course at the Faculty of Informatics, at the University of La Plata, in August I feel the result of this effort is, in some way, reflected in this work. However, many people were involved in this effort and deserve to be especially thanked. Luis Marrone, my professor and Thesis Director, taught me networking protocols, especially TCP/IP; he introduced me to the fundamentals and thus giving me the possibility to follow this way and to feel safe to go ahead and do more. During my thesis, he reviewed my work and gave me advice. He always did it with a humble attitude and outstanding knowledge and effort. Alexandru Petrescu, from Edge Networking Research Lab of Motorola Labs, was my Advisor at Motorola. He kindly shared with me his knowledge on Mobility and Distributed Systems, especially on Mobile IPv6, through his advice, reviews and several discussions we had about cutting-edge technology topics. He gave me the opportunity to have some participation in the LIVSIX project and dedicated much of his time to provide me the technical support that was essential for the successful completion of this work. My parents support was always present. My managers at Motorola, Global Software Group, Argentina, gave me the freedom to use all the laboratory equipment to complete my Thesis. All my professors at the University of La Plata introduced me to the fundamentals of network security, distributed systems, networking protocols and operating systems. Finally, I want to thank the most important person, Laura, who was always encouraging me with her love, patience and advice during this long process. iv
5 Table of contents 1 ABSTRACT MOTIVATION OBJECTIVE OF THE THESIS THESIS PRESENTATION MOBILITY PROBLEMS MOBILE IP OVERVIEW A MACROMOBILITY SOLUTION MOBILE IPV4 IMPLEMENTATIONS DRAWBACKS MOBILE IPV OVERVIEW AND ADVANTAGES OVER MOBILE IPV RETURN ROUTABILITY PROCEDURE AND BINDING UPDATES MODIFICATIONS TO IPV6 PROTOCOL ROUTER ADVERTISEMENTS MOVEMENT DETECTION AND HANDOVER IMPLEMENTATIONS TRANSPARENCY LIVSIX: A MOBILE IPV6 STACK PROCESSOR PLATFORM OPERATING SYSTEM APPLICATION-LAYER SOFTWARE INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL FEATURES FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION RESOLVER v
6 12 PORT OF LIVSIX TO UCLINUX OVER COLDFIRE CONFIGURATION AND COMPILATION OF UCLINUX SCRIPTS AND CODE MODIFICATION AND COMPILATION LOAD OF THE STACK MODULE ABILITY TO SEE AND MODIFY LIVSIX PARAMETERS EXECUTION OF MODIFIED PING RECEPTION OF ROUTING ADVERTISEMENTS AND STATELESS ADDRESS AUTO-CONFIGURATION ROUTER SETTINGS ON M5272C CHAT APPLICATION OVER TCP FINAL TEST APPLICATION AND STACK TEST TESTBED TESTS DESCRIPTION AN APPLICATION PROPRIETARY SOLUTION FOR MOBILITY WHAT IF LOCATION SERVICE, IDENTIFIER AND LOCATOR MOBILITY SUPPORT DISADVANTAGES RELATED DEVICES A MOBILE CHAT DEVICE THE VOCERA COMMUNICATIONS BADGE ADVANTAGES OF USING MOBILE IPV6 IN SUCH DEVICE FUTURE POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS POSSIBILITIES MOBILE MP3 PLAYER WITH HOME SERVER CAR ROUTER ANYWHERE INTERNET DEVICE EASY PUSH TO TALK CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A DISPLAYS AND ETHEREAL OUTPUT EB1 OUTPUT EB2 OUTPUT vi
7 18.4 ETHEREAL IPV6 PACKETS SUMMARY: ON HA S ETH0 BEFORE HANDOVER ETHEREAL IPV6 PACKETS SUMMARY: ON HA S ETH0 AFTER HANDOVER ETHEREAL IPV6 PACKETS SUMMARY: ON ROUTER S ETH0 BEFORE HANDOVER ETHEREAL IPV6 PACKETS SUMMARY: ON ROUTER S ETH1 AFTER HANDOVER APPENDIX B UTILITY FILES FILE ADDROUTES FILE SETROUTER.C FILE SETVAL.C FILE SETDEFINT.C BIBLIOGRAPHY WEB SITES vii
8 FIGURES FIGURE 1 - TYPICAL MOBILE IPV4 SCENARIO FIGURE 2 - TYPICAL MIPV6 SCENARIO FIGURE 3 - M5272C3 BLOCK DIAGRAM FIGURE 4 - M5272C3 BOARDS USED IN THE TESTS FIGURE 5 - CHAT USE CASES FIGURE 6 CHAT CLASS DIAGRAM FIGURE 7 - SESSION STATES DIAGRAM FIGURE 8 - INITIAL CONFIGURATION FIGURE 9 - EB2 IS CONNECTED TO NETWORK FIGURE 10 - THE HARDWARE INITIALLY SET FIGURE 11 - HUB2 CONNECTIONS AFTER HANDOVER FIGURE 12 - HA WAS INITIATED FIGURE 13 - ROUTER WAS INITIATED FIGURE 14 - KERNEL IPV6 ROUTING TABLE FIGURE 15 - FRAME 9. SEGMENT SENT FROM EB2 IN NETWORK FIGURE 16 - CHAT DISPLAY WHILE EB2 WAS MOVING FIGURE 17 SETTING A BINDING UPDATE IN EB FIGURE 18 - CHAT ON EB1 WITH RO FIGURE 19 - FRAME 21. RO IS USED IN MESSAGES SENT BY EB FIGURE 20 - VOCERA COMMUNICATIONS BADGE FIGURE 21 - DIFFERENT LINK TECHNOLOGIES DURING THE SAME SESSION viii
9 TABLES TABLE 1 - FRAMES ON ETH1 OF THE ROUTER TABLE 2 - FRAMES ON ETH0 OF THE HA TABLE 3 - USING RO. FRAMES ON ETH1 OF THE ROUTER ix
10 x
11 Acronyms Acronym AD ARP BSD BU CN DHCP DNS ESP FA GPL GPRS HA ICMP IETF IP LAN MAC MIP MN MMU MTU OOP PAN QoS RA RFC RTOS SA Description Administrative Domain Address Resolution Protocol Berkeley Software Distribution Binding Update Correspondent Node Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Domain Name Service Encapsulated Security Payload Foreign Agent General Public License GSM General Packet Radio Service Home Agent Internet Control Message Protocol Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Protocol Local Area Network Medium Access Control Mobile IP Mobile Node Memory Management Unit Maximum Transfer Unit Object Oriented Programming Personal Area Network Quality of Service Routing Advertisement Request For Comments Real Time Operating System Security Association xi
12 SGSN SIP SOHO SPD TCP UDP UMTS UTRAN VoIP Serving GPRS Support Node Session Initiation Protocol Small Office Home Office Security Policy Database Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS Terrestrial Radio Area Network Voice over IP xii
13 1 Abstract The objective of this work is to develop a chat application between systems embedding the ColdFire processor utilizing Mobile IPv6 and TCP protocols in order to demonstrate that TCP connections are maintained while a device roams between two Ethernet networks and that a peer node can be located even though it is not attached to its home network. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated that mobility is transparent to upper layers and the benefits this fact brings up. 13 of 117
14 2 Motivation Low cost and powerful processors are being used in an increasingly large number of devices embedded into objects surrounding us. While the challenge of creating meaningful services for these systems is constantly being addressed by various simple applications, the communication between these systems is most often scaled down to local exchanges of information, typically over a unique, homogeneous type of a wireless environment. It is expected that when every single system (whatever its size, power constraints or communication range) is enabled to use TCP/IP networking and to establish both client-server and end-to-end peer communications, a whole new range of distributed applications becomes possible. A tightly-related constraint is that such a large number of systems can be networked together only if the large addressing space of IPv6 is used. With IPv6, it is possible not only to ensure local communication, but also to assign a unique address to every single device; hence the ability to connect to the worldwide Internet, and over any wireless technology that is available at a given location. From an application perspective, it is important to use the widespread BSD socket interface to the communications subsystem in a transparent manner with respect to mobility. Whenever a mobile system is forced to change its temporary address (because it is visiting a different network) this must happen in a transparent way to the upper-level application. Such a behavior is supported by the Mobile IPv6 protocol being developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Another important aspect related to application-layer software is the always-present need to reduce maintenance costs. It cannot be imagined that every existing IPv6 software application could be ever changed such as to support mobility. Managing mobility entirely at the network layer with Mobile IPv6 helps creating persistent software code and thus staying competitive. The new distributed applications created as a result of availability of wireless technologies involve highly mobile devices such as cell phones, PDA's, badges, sensors and various forms of robots. It has been identified though that while a data service is 14 of 117
15 being used, devices can move only as long as they remain attached to the same unique link-layer technology, and, in most cases, to the same access network, unless some new application-layer solution is provided. To improve mobility, the necessity of technology convergence appears and is addressed by some of these solutions. They could be implemented as part of the application - adding complexity and cost to it - or in a middleware layer over which the application would run unmodified. Currently, there are a number of different proposals for such middleware layer that can hardly interoperate. Moreover, any application layer solution over TCP would have the performance drawback of closing and opening new connections for every handover. Unlike a pure middleware solution, the Mobile IP family of protocols localizes the changes due to mobility only within the IP stack. Being proposed in a standard manner by the IETF, it is intended for adoption by the worldwide Internet community. The Mobile IP solution for IPv4 contexts (RFC 3344) has a series of drawbacks that are being addressed by the IPv6 version. Mobile IPv6 takes advantage of various native IPv6 features (extension headers, address autoconfiguration, inherent IPSec features and others) to dramatically improve on performance and simplicity. Among other possibilities, this will permit a cell phone connected to a GPRS network to switch to a Bluetooth home network and, from there, to the local Internet connection while all established IP connections are maintained. Nevertheless, this brings up another challenge: how to locate a device that is not currently positioned at its home network. Traditional naming systems, such as DNS or X.500 directory, are not suitable for this dynamic environment: since a large number of mobile devices could move from one network to other many times in a short time, any server would be easily overwhelmed [1]. This becomes an unmanageable issue, especially if caching is considered. It is necessary to differentiate a naming service from a location service. Mobile IP involves a home-based location service [1] and its use along with DNS, to map from a human-friendly name to a home address, the identifier, is a powerful solution for this problem. Highly mobile devices usually have low cost and powerful processors with the capacity of running sophisticated applications at the lowest possible price. Among the purposes 15 of 117
16 of this work is to describe the process of porting the LIVSIX Mobile IPv6 stack from a standard PC-like environment to a more constrained embedded system device using ColdFire MCF5272, executing uclinux (a Linux variant). The shortly expressed concept of "ubiquigeneous networking" tries to capture in two words all the characteristics described above. Once small mobile devices are spread on a ubiquitous scale and use Internet communications protocols over a wide range of heterogeneous data and physical links, a great number of ingenuous communication and application paradigms will inevitably emerge. 16 of 117
17 3 Objective of the Thesis The objective of this Thesis is two-fold: (1) develop a simple chat application using the standard BSD socket interface and (2) port the LIVSIX TCP/IPv6/Mobile IPv6 stack from a classic PC-like architecture to the MCF5272 "ColdFire" processor, under the uclinux open-source operating system. Another important goal of the work will be to demonstrate the advantages of managing mobility within Mobile IPv6 on a highly mobile device. A demonstration will be performed showing the implementation and execution of these concepts. Key aspects of this objective are, first, to demonstrate that distributed embedded applications can run unmodified while the device is moving between different networks and, second, that a device can be accessed from anywhere independently of its point of attachment to the Internet. An important part of the Thesis report will be a description of current technologies and potentially competitor products. Differences and advantages of Mobile IPv6 compared to Mobile IPv4 will be explained. Differences and advantages compared to various existing middleware solutions will be identified. Similar market products will be considered, such as the Vocera communication devices and a short analysis will provide a comparison. 17 of 117
18 4 Thesis Presentation This thesis is composed by: A document describing the work done. A CD containing the document, in word and PDF format, and the source code. The source code is divided in three parts: LIVSIX for ColdFire/uClinux. In the directory livsix. Utilities: includes a modified version of ping6, libraries and auxiliary applications. In the directory utils. Chat Application. In the directory apps. The directory containing the other three directories also contains a Makefile file that will make the build and copy the binary files into the flash file system directory created by the main uclinux Makefile. 18 of 117
19 5 Mobility problems An IP address identifies not only a node interface but also the network the interface is attached to. If a node attaches to a different network it will have to change its IP address, otherwise it will not be able to receive any datagram delivered to it from another network and probably also in the same network: Any datagram generated outside of the network to which the node is attached to will be forwarded to the home network If the datagram has been generated in the same visiting network, the source host can either have a default gateway configured for destinations not belonging to the attached network or it can send an ARP broadcast asking for the corresponding MAC address. Both the destination node and one router will answer and depending on which frame has been received first, the datagram will be sent to one or the other. Also datagrams sent out by the node may be dropped by routers implementing ingress filtering [19]. As an alternative, host-specific routes can be propagated by the routers throughout the Internet but this is not a scalable solution. This feature has the following main consequences: The host cannot be accessed by another host that knows its old address. Any DNS server storing the host address must be updated and every cache entry for this host throughout Internet must be removed before the host can be accessed by other host having the old address stored in the cache or accessing to a DNS server. If the host moves from one network to the other, any existing connection that is based on the IP address, like a TCP connection, will be broken: a datagram destined to the new address will not be considered as belonging to the old socket; also a datagram delivered by the node, with the new address as source address, will not be considered as belonging to the same socket. 19 of 117
20 6 Mobile IP 6.1 Overview Mobile IP is a protocol specified by the IETF Network Working Group in the RFC 3344 [11]. It brings up a mobility solution based on the IPv4 protocol. Mobile IP consists of the following principal architectural entities: Mobile Node (MN): the node that is capable of moving away from the home network. Home Agent (HA): router on the MN s home network that has location information for a mobile node that is away from home and tunnels to the MN any datagram received in the home network destined to the MN. Foreign Agent (FA): a router in a visited network that assists MNs to achieve mobility. It provides routing services to mobile nodes registered with it. A fourth entity must be considered: Correspondent Node (CN): a node communicating with the MN. Every node has a fixed IP address, called home address, by which it can be identified. When the node is attached to its home network any datagram addressed to it will reach it normally and any datagram sent by it will normally be routed to its destination. When the MN is visiting a foreign network it gets a new care-of address by some means and sends a registration request to the home agent which adds a mobility binding for the MN in its mobility binding list. When another node, called correspondent node, tries to access the MN, it sends a datagram that has the home address of the MN as destination address, the datagram is routed as in standard IPv4 to the home network of the MN where the home agent intercepts it, looks for the corresponding care-of address in the mobility binding list and tunnels it to the current care-of address registered for the MN. Finally the MN s IP layer will receive the packet and, if it is necessary, will relay the data to the higher layer. 20 of 117
21 The care-of address is the terminating point of the tunnel through which the HA delivers datagrams to the MN. Two types of care-of addresses exist: Foreign agent care-of address: the MN uses an address of the foreign agent, with which it registers, as the care-of address. Thus the home agent tunnels the datagrams to the foreign agent which de-tunnels the datagram, looks for the destination IP in its visitors list, obtains the corresponding MAC address and delivers the inner datagram to the MN through the link-layer to which both nodes are attached. By using this type of care-of address all visiting MN s can use the same foreign agent s address as care-of address. Co-located care-of address: the MN uses a care-of address obtained by other mechanism, such as DHCP. In this case the MN is the terminating point of the tunnel and it directly receives and de-tunnels the datagrams. This type is useful when FA s are not available in a visited network, though it may be not scalable for the IPv4 address space since it is necessary to have a pool of IP addresses reserved for possible visiting MN s. While the IP home address is the identifier of the node s interface, its care-of address is the locator used to reach a node wherever it is attached to the Internet. Every mobility agent, either home or foreign agent, sends out Agent Advertisements to publish its services on the link it is serving. An Agent Advertisement is an ICMP Router Advertisement used in IPv4 extended to include Mobility Agent Advertisement information and possibly a Prefix-Lengths extension. For a FA, the Mobility Agent Extension contains at least one care-of address that a MN can use as foreign agent care-of address. The Prefix-Lengths extension specifies the number of leading bits that define the network number of the corresponding Router Address listed in the ICMP Router Advertisement part of the message. More details about these extensions can be found in [11]. Figure 1 shows the typical scenario in Mobile IP. A host, called Correspondent Node in this scenario, is attached to an Ethernet LAN which is connected to the Internet through a router. This CN sends an IP packet to the MN using its home address as destination 21 of 117
22 address. In the home network, in this case a Bluetooth PAN, the Home Agent has, at least, one mobility binding for the MN in its mobility bindings list. The HA intercepts the packet addressed to the MN and tunnels it to the foreign agent, in this case the foreign network is located in a Radio Area Network of UMTS (UTRAN), the foreign agent gets the inner packet from the packet received and delivers it to the MN registered with it by some link layer means. Figure 1 - Typical Mobile IPv4 scenario RFC 3344 provides two primary algorithms for the MN to detect that it has moved to other network: A MN records the Lifetime value conveyed by the Agent Advertisement. If the MN hasn t received any other advertisement from the same agent within the specified 22 of 117
23 lifetime, it should attempt to discover a new agent with which to register. By comparing the router addresses and prefix-lengths received in the Agent Advertisements received, the MN can detect it has moved. A MN can also use some link layer information to detect it has moved to other network, like in Cellular IP [4]. A Home Agent will use either gratuitous ARP or proxy ARP to intercept packets destined to a MN that is roaming out of its home network and is registered with it. After having intercepted the datagram, the HA will send it to the care-of address. In Mobile IPv4 a HA can have more than one Mobility Binding for one MN, in this case the packet will be sent to all the care-of addresses registered for the MN. When a MN attached to a foreign network sends a datagram to a correspondent node, it must use its home address as the source address. It can send it directly to the correspondent node but the datagram could be filtered out by a router implementing ingress filtering [19]. A safer way is to send the datagram in a reverse tunnel to the Home Agent which, in turn, will take the inner datagram and will deliver it to the Correspondent Node. Finally, security considerations are defined for Mobile IP in RFC Mobile Nodes and Mobility Agents must be able to perform authentication, especially Registration messages must be authenticated. The default algorithm is HMAC-MD5. Protection against replay attacks for registration requests is especially considered: a 64-bit identification field is present in a Registration Request sent from the MN to the HA; this field is used along with two methods timestamps and nonces for protection. 6.2 A Macromobility Solution The terms macromobility and micromobility are widely used with a number of meanings. In this work the definition adopted in [4] will be used, and macromobility will be used to define mobility between different Autonomous Systems or Administrative Domains but it 23 of 117
24 will also be used to define mobility between different Access Networks and although usually there is a correspondence one-to-one between an Administrative Domain and an Access Network, this is not always true. An inter-ad handover implies the mobile node could need to be re-authenticated, QoS and charging policies could change, probably a different IP address must be used and there is no security of mobility support [4]. Mobile IP is considered a good solution for macromobility. It is not considered as a well suited solution for micromobility because of both the large amount of registration messages it could generate in the Internet and the fact that other mechanisms such as already implemented link layer solutions are faster to achieve handoffs [4][11]. In intraaccess network handovers there is usually an L2 proprietary handover solution already implemented. 6.3 Mobile IPv4 Implementations There are several Mobile IP implementations for different Operating Systems. Some of them are Cisco Mobile IP, for Cisco IOS; Dynamics, for Linux and Windows, from the Helsinki University of Technology; Sun Mobile IP, for Solaris; Treck Inc., for embedded systems and RTOS. 6.4 Drawbacks Mobile IP has important drawbacks though: Every traffic must be delivered through the HA which must tunnel it to the corresponding care-of address. This puts a significant burden onto this node. Furthermore, a significant delay is added to the round-trip time, sometimes unnecessarily, e.g. when the correspondent node is in the same visiting network as the mobile node. The IP address is an identifier for a node. The lack of available addresses in IPv4 is an important hinder. 24 of 117
25 It requires a costly infrastructure to be added: a home agent in the home network and a foreign agent in each network that can be visited. Besides, foreign agents must be installed if the scalable service of foreign agent care-of address is to be provided on a link. 25 of 117
26 7 Mobile IPv6 7.1 Overview and advantages over Mobile IPv4 Mobile IPv6 is a work in progress of the Mobile IP Working Group of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [2]. Mobile IPv6 allows nodes to roam throughout the IPv6 Internet while still being reachable by any other node. Whereas the basic scheme is pretty similar to Mobile IP for IPv4, Mobile IPv6 solves all the drawbacks present in the former: By the utilization of new extension headers and destination options, it allows Route Optimization, thus the efficiency can be dramatically improved: HA load can be alleviated and the traffic can be faster. It uses the IPv6 address space which allows every device to have an IPv6 address as identifier. It gets rid of foreign agents thus diminishing the cost of infrastructure. Mobile IPv6 defines new ICMPv6 packets, extension headers and destination options and makes use of the advantages of the Neighbor Discovery Protocols, as it will be commented below. This new protocol defines the following principal elements: Mobile Node Home Agent Correspondent Node. While the MN is attached to its home network, IPv6 datagrams sent to it (and sent by it) are routed normally as in IPv6. In the typical scenario when a MN is visiting a foreign network, it listens to the Router Advertisements [4] sent out by the routers attached to the same link. By looking at the 26 of 117
27 new subnet prefixes, it can detect that it is away from the home network and, after checking with Duplicate Address Detection that its link-local address is unique within the link it is attached to, it uses stateless address auto-configuration [5] to form its own careof address stemmed from its hardware address and a network prefix advertised by the routers. Afterwards, the device sends a Binding Update (BU) to its HA which in turn updates its binding cache in order to maintain the new locator, and then it sends BU s to any CN which has an entry for the MN in its binding cache. Foreign Agents are not needed in Mobile IPv6 because of the existence of stateless address auto-configuration [5] specified by IPv6, in addition to stateful address autoconfiguration, the modified IPv6 Router Advertisements and the stretched address space in IPv6. So, there are no foreign agent care-of addresses but only co-located care-of addresses. When a node, not having the corresponding entry in its binding cache or not supporting Mobile IPv6, sends out a datagram destined to a MN that is away from home, the datagram is routed to its home address; there, the HA intercepts the datagram and obtains the current care-of address the locator - of the MN from its binding cache, then the HA tunnels the datagram directly to the MN which de-tunnels it at the IP layer and passes it to the higher layers. In Mobile IPv6 the MN can communicate with a CN in two different modes: Bidirectional Tunneling: does not require Mobile IPv6 support from the CN, any datagram going to the MN goes to the home network, as in Mobile IPv4, where the HA intercepts it and sends it through a tunnel to the MN. Datagrams sent by the MN are reverse-tunneled to the HA which sends it to the CN. Route Optimization: after successfully running a procedure called Return Routability Procedure by which the MN receives two nonce indexes (home nonce and care-of nonce) and two tokens (home keygen token and care-of keygen token), the MN sends a Binding Update with the primary care-of address to the CN which creates an entry for the MN in its binding cache. When the CN sends a packet to the MN, it checks its binding cache looking for an entry for the MN s home address and obtains the care-of address which is used as the destination address of the IP packet, the 27 of 117
28 home address is conveyed in a new extension header called Routing Header Type 2. When the MN receives the packet it takes the home address as the destination address for IP and upper layers processing. The MN also sends packets directly to the CN using its care-of address as the source address and storing its home address in a new destination option called Home Address Destination Option, which is part of the Destination Options header. The CN will use the home address for IP and upper layers processing. This mode requires support of Mobile IPv6 in the correspondent node. With Route Optimization the shortest communication path can be used. Nevertheless, when a CN supporting MIPv6 contacts the MN for the first time, it sends the first datagram to the home address of the MN and, after obtaining the MN s care-of address, subsequent packets can use Route Optimization. Figure 2 shows a typical Mobile IPv6 scenario using Route Optimization. 28 of 117
29 Mobile IPv6: A correspondent Node communicating with a MN roaming in a foreign network. Correspondent Node HA intercepts a packet to MN visiting a foreign network and tunnels it to the primary care-of address 1: IPv6 packet to MN Host supporting MIPv6 sends a packet to the home address of MN Home Agent Internet Bidirectional Tunneling 2: To MN Route Optimization 3: From MN to CN Router Ethernet Bluetooth network Cell phone with Bluetooth interface After Return Routability Procedure and Binding Update, Route Optimization can be used. Core Network & UTRAN Node-B UMTS-Bluetooth Mobile Node Figure 2 - Typical MIPv6 scenario 7.2 Return Routability Procedure and Binding Updates As it was mentioned above when MN moves to a new foreign network obtaining a new primary care-of address it has to send a Binding Update to it HA and it should send BU s to the CN that appear in the MN Binding Update List. First of all, the MN must send the BU to the HA to register the new primary care-of address; upon receiving a successful Binding Acknowledgement the MN may initiate registration to the CN s. 29 of 117
Tomás P. de Miguel DIT-UPM. dit UPM
Tomás P. de Miguel DIT- 15 12 Internet Mobile Market Phone.com 15 12 in Millions 9 6 3 9 6 3 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 0 Wireless Internet E-mail subscribers 2 (January 2001) Mobility The abilityMore information
Mobility on IPv6 Networks
Mobility on IPv6 Networks Pedro M. Ruiz Project Manager Agora Systems S.A. Global IPv6 Summit Madrid 13-15 March 2002 Pedro M. Ruiz (c) Agora Systems S.A, 2002 1 Outline Motivation MIPv6 architecture MIPv6More information
Mobile IP. Bheemarjuna Reddy Tamma IIT Hyderabad. Source: Slides of Charlie Perkins and Geert Heijenk on Mobile IP
Mobile IP Bheemarjuna Reddy Tamma IIT Hyderabad Source: Slides of Charlie Perkins and Geert Heijenk on Mobile IP IP Refresher Mobile IP Basics 3 parts of Mobile IP: Outline Advertising Care-of AddressesMore information
Introduction to Mobile IPv6
1 Introduction to Mobile IPv6 III IPv6 Global Summit Moscow Dr. Dimitrios Kalogeras firstname.lastname@example.com GRNET Outline Introduction Relevant Features of IPv6 Major Differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6 MobileMore information
Mobile IP Protocols CHAPTER 25 25.1 INTRODUCTION
Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, Edited by Ivan Stojmenović Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBNs: 0-471-41902-8 (Paper); 0-471-22456-1 (Electronic) CHAPTER 25 Mobile IP ProtocolsMore information
Mobile IP Part I: IPv4
Mobile IP Part I: IPv4 Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 email@example.com These slides are available on-line at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-06/ 12-1 q MobileMore information
6 Mobility Management
Politecnico di Milano Facoltà di Ingegneria dell Informazione 6 Mobility Management Reti Mobili Distribuite Prof. Antonio Capone Introduction Mobility management allows a terminal to change its point ofMore information
Mobility Management 嚴 力 行 高 雄 大 學 資 工 系
Mobility Management 嚴 力 行 高 雄 大 學 資 工 系 Mobility Management in Cellular Systems Cellular System HLR PSTN MSC MSC VLR BSC BSC BSC cell BTS BTS BTS BTS MT BTS BTS BTS BTS HLR and VLR HLR (Home Location Register)More information
Introducing Reliability and Load Balancing in Mobile IPv6 based Networks
Introducing Reliability and Load Balancing in Mobile IPv6 based Networks Jahanzeb Faizan Southern Methodist University Dallas, TX, USA firstname.lastname@example.com Hesham El-Rewini Southern Methodist UniversityMore information
Ethernet. Ethernet. Network Devices
Ethernet Babak Kia Adjunct Professor Boston University College of Engineering ENG SC757 - Advanced Microprocessor Design Ethernet Ethernet is a term used to refer to a diverse set of frame based networkingMore information
Mobile IPv6: Configuration and Trials
Mobile IPv6: Configuration and Trials Tudor Blaga Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Tudor.Blaga@ com.utcluj.ro Virgil Dobrota Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Virgil.Dobrota@ com.utcluj.ro DanielMore information
Dedication Preface 1. The Age of IPv6 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PROTOCOL STACK 1.3 CONCLUSIONS 2. Protocol Architecture 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.
Dedication Preface 1. The Age of IPv6 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PROTOCOL STACK 1.3 CONCLUSIONS 2. Protocol Architecture 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 COMPARISONS OF IP HEADER FORMATS 2.3 EXTENSION HEADERS 2.3.1 OptionsMore information
Guide to Network Defense and Countermeasures Third Edition. Chapter 2 TCP/IP
Guide to Network Defense and Countermeasures Third Edition Chapter 2 TCP/IP Objectives Explain the fundamentals of TCP/IP networking Describe IPv4 packet structure and explain packet fragmentation DescribeMore information
IPv6, Mobile IP & Mobile IPv6. Tolga Numanoglu
IPv6, Mobile IP & Mobile IPv6 Tolga Numanoglu Outline IPv6 Background Features Details Mobile IP Mobile Node, Home Agent, Foreign Agent Mobile IPv6 What s different? IPv6 Background IP has been patchedMore information
Network Mobility Support Scheme on PMIPv6 Networks
Network Mobility Support Scheme on PMIPv6 Networks Hyo-Beom Lee 1, Youn-Hee Han 2 and Sung-Gi Min 1 1 Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. email@example.com information
IP and Mobility. Requirements to a Mobile IP. Terminology in Mobile IP
IP and Mobility Chapter 2 Technical Basics: Layer Methods for Medium Access: Layer 2 Chapter Wireless Networks: Bluetooth, WLAN, WirelessMAN, WirelessWAN Mobile Telecommunication Networks: GSM, GPRS, UMTSMore information
Mobile IP. 10.1 The Requirements of Mobile IP CHAPTER 10. Adrian Farrel
CHAPTER 10 Mobile IP Adrian Farrel Today s computers are smaller and more mobile than they once were. Processing power that used to take up a whole air-conditioned room can now be easily carried aroundMore information
Transport and Network Layer
Transport and Network Layer 1 Introduction Responsible for moving messages from end-to-end in a network Closely tied together TCP/IP: most commonly used protocol o Used in Internet o Compatible with aMore information
Mobile IP Handover Delay Reduction Using Seamless Handover Architecture
MEE09: 64 Mobile IP Handover Delay Reduction Using Seamless Handover Architecture Khalid Eltayb Aldalaty This thesis is presented as part of Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with emphasisMore information
Introduction to IP v6
IP v 1-3: defined and replaced Introduction to IP v6 IP v4 - current version; 20 years old IP v5 - streams protocol IP v6 - replacement for IP v4 During developments it was called IPng - Next GenerationMore information
REDUCING PACKET OVERHEAD IN MOBILE IPV6 ABSTRACT Hooshiar Zolfagharnasab 1 1 Department of Computer Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Common MobileMore information
Chapter 3. TCP/IP Networks. 3.1 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
Chapter 3 TCP/IP Networks 3.1 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth iteration of the Internet Protocol (IP) and it is the first version of the protocol to be widelyMore information
Distributed Authentication Mechanism for Mobile IP Route Optimization
Distributed Authentication Mechanism for Mobile IP Route Optimization Neeraj Jaggi Department of ECSE Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute firstname.lastname@example.com Koushik Kar Department of ECSE Rensselaer PolytechnicMore information
Internet Protocol: IP packet headers. vendredi 18 octobre 13
Internet Protocol: IP packet headers 1 IPv4 header V L TOS Total Length Identification F Frag TTL Proto Checksum Options Source address Destination address Data (payload) Padding V: Version (IPv4 ; IPv6)More information
DL TC72 Communication Protocols: HDLC, SDLC, X.25, Frame Relay, ATM
DL TC72 Communication Protocols: HDLC, SDLC, X.25, Frame Relay, ATM Objectives: Base training of an engineer for the installation and maintenance of Digital Telecommunications and Internetworking systems.More information
Technical Support Information Belkin internal use only
The fundamentals of TCP/IP networking TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocols) is a set of networking protocols that is used for communication on the Internet and on many other networks.More information
Mobile Internet Protocol v6 MIPv6
Mobile Internet Protocol v6 MIPv6 A brief introduction firstname.lastname@example.com 13-dec-2005 Holger Zuleger 1/15 > c Defined by MIPv6 RFC3775: Mobility Support in IPv6 (June 2004) RFC3776: Using IPsec toMore information
Mobility Management in DECT/IPv6 Networks
Mobility Management in DECT/IPv6 Networks Sarantis Paskalis 1, Georgios Lampropoulos 1, and Georgios Stefanou 1 Department of Informatics and Telecommunications University of Athens, Greece Abstract. TheMore information
Mobile IP and DHCP. Motivation for Mobile IP. Terminology
Motivation for Mobile IP Motivation transfer Encapsulation Security Mobile IP and DHCP Problems DHCP Dr. Ka-Cheong Leung CSIS 7304 The Wireless and Mobile Computing 1 Routing based on IP destination address,More information
This chapter covers the following topics: Characteristics of roaming Layer 2 roaming Layer 3 roaming and an introduction to Mobile IP
This chapter covers the following topics: Characteristics of roaming Layer 2 roaming Layer 3 roaming and an introduction to Mobile IP C H A P T E R 5 Mobility This book covers the major components of 802.11More information
Troubleshooting Tools
Troubleshooting Tools An overview of the main tools for verifying network operation from a host Fulvio Risso Mario Baldi Politecnico di Torino (Technical University of Turin) see page 2 Notes n The commands/programsMore information
Telecommunication Services Engineering (TSE) Lab. Chapter III 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Chapter III 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Evolved Packet Core (EPC) http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~glitho/ Outline 1. LTE 2. EPC architectures (Basic and advanced) 3. Mobility management in EPC 4.More information
Lehrstuhl für Informatik 4 Kommunikation und verteilte Systeme. Auxiliary Protocols
Auxiliary Protocols IP serves only for sending packets with well-known addresses. Some questions however remain open, which are handled by auxiliary protocols: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) ReverseMore information
5.0 Network Architecture. 5.1 Internet vs. Intranet 5.2 NAT 5.3 Mobile Network
5.0 Network Architecture 5.1 Internet vs. Intranet 5.2 NAT 5.3 Mobile Network 1 5.1The Internet Worldwide connectivity ISPs connect private and business users Private: mostly dial-up connections Business:More information
Monitoring Mobile Flows in Emerging IPv6 Access Networks Concepts and First Prototype
Monitoring Mobile Flows in Emerging IPv6 Access Networks Concepts and First Prototype Pedro Marques 1,2, Helder Castro 1,2, and Manuel Ricardo 1,2 1. FEUP - Fac. Eng. Univ. Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias,More information
Using IPM to Measure Network Performance
CHAPTER 3 Using IPM to Measure Network Performance This chapter provides details on using IPM to measure latency, jitter, availability, packet loss, and errors. It includes the following sections: MeasuringMore information
Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition. Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols
Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols Objectives Understand the role that data link protocols, such as SLIP and PPP, play for TCP/IP Distinguish among variousMore information
IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforward Approach
IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforward Approach to Understanding IPv6 Rick Graziani Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 IPv6 Fundamentals Contents Introduction xvi Part I: BackgroundMore information
Course Overview: Learn the essential skills needed to set up, configure, support, and troubleshoot your TCP/IP-based network.
Course Name: TCP/IP Networking Course Overview: Learn the essential skills needed to set up, configure, support, and troubleshoot your TCP/IP-based network. TCP/IP is the globally accepted group of protocolsMore information
ProCurve Networking IPv6 The Next Generation of Networking
ProCurve Networking The Next Generation of Networking Introduction... 2 Benefits from... 2 The Protocol... 3 Technology Features and Benefits... 4 Larger number of addresses... 4 End-to-end connectivity...More information
Procedure: You can find the problem sheet on Drive D: of the lab PCs. 1. IP address for this host computer 2. Subnet mask 3. Default gateway address
Objectives University of Jordan Faculty of Engineering & Technology Computer Engineering Department Computer Networks Laboratory 907528 Lab.4 Basic Network Operation and Troubleshooting 1. To become familiarMore information
IPv6 mobility and ad hoc network mobility overview report
Institut Eurecom 1 Department of Mobile Communications 2229, route des Crêtes B.P. 193 06904 Sophia Antipolis FRANCE Research Report RR-08-217 IPv6 mobility and ad hoc network mobility overview reportMore information
IP - The Internet Protocol
Orientation IP - The Internet Protocol IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP s current version is Version 4 (IPv4). It is specified in RFC 891. TCP UDP Transport Layer ICMP IP IGMP NetworkMore information
An Experimental Study on Wireless Security Protocols over Mobile IP Networks
An Experimental Study on Wireless Security Protocols over Mobile IP Networks Avesh K. Agarwal Department of Computer Science Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Jorinjit S. Gill Department of Electrical andMore information
Virtual KNX/EIB devices in IP networks
WEINZIERL ENGINEERING GmbH WEINZIERL ENGINEERING GMBH F. Heiny, Dr. Y. Kyselytsya, Dr. Th. Weinzierl Bahnhofstr. 6 D-84558 Tyrlaching Tel. +49 (0) 8623 / 987 98-03 E-Mail: email@example.com Web: www.weinzierl.deMore information
IPv6 Trace Analysis using Wireshark Nalini Elkins, CEO Inside Products, Inc. email@example.com
1 IPv6 Trace Analysis using Wireshark Nalini Elkins, CEO Inside Products, Inc. firstname.lastname@example.com Agenda What has not changed between IPv4 and IPv6 traces What has changed between IPv4 andMore information
ITL BULLETIN FOR JANUARY 2011 INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 (IPv6): NIST GUIDELINES HELP ORGANIZATIONS MANAGE THE SECURE DEPLOYMENT OF THE NEW NETWORK PROTOCOL Shirley Radack, Editor Computer Security DivisionMore information
About the Technical Reviewers
About the Author p. xiii About the Technical Reviewers p. xv Acknowledgments p. xvii Introduction p. xix IPv6 p. 1 IPv6-Why? p. 1 IPv6 Benefits p. 2 More Address Space p. 2 Innovation p. 3 Stateless AutoconfigurationMore information
Raritan Valley Community College Academic Course Outline. CISY 253 - Advanced Computer Networking
Raritan Valley Community College Academic Course Outline CISY 253 - Advanced Computer Networking I. Basic Course Information A. Course number and Title: CISY 253- Advanced Computer Networking (TCP/IP)More information
Mobile IP Part I: IPv4 Raj Jain Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Mobile IP Part I: IPv4 Raj Jain Professor of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 Audio/Video recordings of this lecture are available at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-10/More information
Mobility Management Advanced
Mobility Management Advanced Summer Semester 2011 Integrated Communication Systems Group Ilmenau University of Technology Outline Motivation Mobility Management Approaches in the TCP/IP Reference ModelMore information
Routing Protocol Evaluation for IP Mobility
Rossano Marchesani, Sebastiano Schillaci Thales Italia S.p.A Via E. Mattei 2 6613 Chieti Scalo (Chieti) ITALY email: {rossano.marchesani firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Since IP is becomingMore information
IPv6 associated protocols. Piers O Hanlon
IPv6 associated protocols Piers O Hanlon Contributions Main authors Jean-Marc Barozet, Cisco, France Faycal Hadj, Cisco, France Patrick Grossetete, Cisco, France Gunter Van de Velde, Cisco, Belgium BernardMore information
Module 6. Internetworking. Version 2 CSE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 6 Internetworking Lesson 2 Internet Protocol (IP) Specific Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to: Explain the relationship between TCP/IP and OSI modelMore information
Chapter 12 Supporting Network Address Translation (NAT)
[Previous] [Next] Chapter 12 Supporting Network Address Translation (NAT) About This Chapter Network address translation (NAT) is a protocol that allows a network with private addresses to access informationMore information
Static and Dynamic Network Configuration
CHAPTER 6 This chapter describes: Static Networks Dynamic Networks Static Networks The mobile access router can be part of a static network or a dynamic network. A static network supports stub routersMore information
SSVVP SIP School VVoIP Professional Certification
SSVVP SIP School VVoIP Professional Certification Exam Objectives The SSVVP exam is designed to test your skills and knowledge on the basics of Networking, Voice over IP and Video over IP. Everything thatMore information
G.Vijaya kumar et al, Int. J. Comp. Tech. Appl., Vol 2 (5), 1413-1418
An Analytical Model to evaluate the Approaches of Mobility Management 1 G.Vijaya Kumar, *2 A.Lakshman Rao *1 M.Tech (CSE Student), Pragati Engineering College, Kakinada, India. email@example.com information
Internetworking. Problem: There is more than one network (heterogeneity & scale)
Internetworking Problem: There is more than one network (heterogeneity & scale) Hongwei Zhang http://www.cs.wayne.edu/~hzhang Internetworking: Internet Protocol (IP) Routing and scalability Group CommunicationMore information
Load Balancing. Final Network Exam LSNAT. Sommaire. How works a "traditional" NAT? Un article de Le wiki des TPs RSM.
Load Balancing Un article de Le wiki des TPs RSM. PC Final Network Exam Sommaire 1 LSNAT 1.1 Deployement of LSNAT in a globally unique address space (LS-NAT) 1.2 Operation of LSNAT in conjunction withMore information
19531 - Telematics. 9th Tutorial - IP Model, IPv6, Routing
19531 - Telematics 9th Tutorial - IP Model, IPv6, Routing Bastian Blywis Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Institute of Computer Science 06. January, 2011 Institute of Computer Science TelematicsMore information
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Relates to Lab 2: A short module on the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). 1 Overview The IP (Internet Protocol) relies on several other protocols to performMore information
QUESTION BANK 10CS64: COMPUTER NETWORKS - II Part A Unit 1 & 2: Packet-Switching Networks 1 and Packet-Switching Networks 2 1. Mention different types of network services? Explain the same. 2. DifferenceMore information
Wireless Networks: Network Protocols/Mobile IP
Wireless Networks: Network Protocols/Mobile IP Mo$va$on Data transfer Encapsula$on Security IPv6 Problems DHCP Adapted from J. Schiller, Mobile Communications 1 Mo$va$on for Mobile IP Rou$ng based on IPMore information
CompTIA Network+ N Official Cert Guide Mapping Guide to CompTIA Network+ Simulator Labs
CompTIA Network+ N10 005 Official Cert Guide Mapping Guide to CompTIA Network+ Simulator Labs Domain 1.0: Network Concepts 1.1 Compare the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP Models TCP/IP Model Layer MatchingMore information
Migrating to an IPv6 Internet while preserving IPv4 addresses
A Silicon Valley Insider Migrating to an IPv6 Internet while preserving IPv4 addresses Technology White Paper Serge-Paul Carrasco Abstract The Internet is running out of addresses! Depending on how longMore information
"Charting the Course...
Description "Charting the Course... Course Summary Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices: Accelerated (CCNAX), is a course consisting of ICND1 and ICND2 content in its entirety, but with the contentMore information
Chapter 3 Configuring Basic IPv6 Connectivity
Chapter 3 Configuring Basic IPv6 Connectivity This chapter explains how to get a ProCurve Routing Switch that supports IPv6 up and running. To configure basic IPv6 connectivity, you must do the following:More information
IPv6 Moving Network Testbed with Micro-Mobility Support
IPv6 Moving Network Testbed with Micro-Mobility Support Miklós Aurél Rónai 1, Kristóf Fodor 1, Ralf Tönjes 2 Ericsson Research, 1 Traffic Lab (Hungary), 2 Eurolab (Germany) {Miklos.Ronai, Kristof.Fodor,More information
Review: Lecture 1 - Internet History
Review: Lecture 1 - Internet History late 60's ARPANET, NCP 1977 first internet 1980's The Internet collection of networks communicating using the TCP/IP protocols 1 Review: Lecture 1 - AdministrationMore information
SSVP SIP School VoIP Professional Certification
SSVP SIP School VoIP Professional Certification Exam Objectives The SSVP exam is designed to test your skills and knowledge on the basics of Networking and Voice over IP. Everything that you need to coverMore information
IPv6 SECURITY. May 2011. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
IPv6 SECURITY May 2011 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The contents of this document remain the property of, and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the expressMore information
Cisco Home Agent Service Manager 4.1
Datasheet Cisco Home Agent Service Manager 4.1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW Cisco Systems announces the availability of Cisco Home Agent Service Manager 4.1 for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco Home Agent. AsMore information
Neighbour Discovery in IPv6
Neighbour Discovery in IPv6 Andrew Hines Topic No: 17 Email: email@example.com Organiser: Christian Schindelhauer University of Paderborn Immatriculation No: 6225220 August 4, 2004 1 AbstractMore information
Computer Network. Interconnected collection of autonomous computers that are able to exchange information
Introduction Computer Network. Interconnected collection of autonomous computers that are able to exchange information No master/slave relationship between the computers in the network Data Communications.More information
IP Security. Ola Flygt Växjö University, Sweden http://w3.msi.vxu.se/users/ofl/ firstname.lastname@example.com +46 470 70 86 49
IP Security Ola Flygt Växjö University, Sweden http://w3.msi.vxu.se/users/ofl/ email@example.com +46 470 70 86 49 1 Internetworking and Internet Protocols (Appendix 6A) IP Security Overview IP SecurityMore information
Agenda. Distributed System Structures. Why Distributed Systems? Motivation
Agenda Distributed System Structures CSCI 444/544 Operating Systems Fall 2008 Motivation Network structure Fundamental network services Sockets and ports Client/server model Remote Procedure Call (RPC)More information
SURVEY ON MOBILITY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS FOR IPv6
SURVEY ON MOBILITY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS FOR IPv6 BASED NETWORK 1 Nitul Dutta, 2 Iti Saha Misra, 3 Kushal Pokhrel and 4 Md. Abu Safi 1 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sikkim Manipal InstituteMore information
Internet Firewall CSIS 4222. Packet Filtering. Internet Firewall. Examples. Spring 2011 CSIS 4222. net15 1. Routers can implement packet filtering
Internet Firewall CSIS 4222 A combination of hardware and software that isolates an organization s internal network from the Internet at large Ch 27: Internet Routing Ch 30: Packet filtering & firewallsMore information
hp ProLiant network adapter teaming
hp networking june 2003 hp ProLiant network adapter teaming technical white paper table of contents introduction 2 executive summary 2 overview of network addressing 2 layer 2 vs. layer 3 addressing 2More information
TCP and Wireless Networks Classical Approaches Optimizations TCP for 2.5G/3G Systems. Lehrstuhl für Informatik 4 Kommunikation und verteilte Systeme
Chapter 2 Technical Basics: Layer 1 Methods for Medium Access: Layer 2 Chapter 3 Wireless Networks: Bluetooth, WLAN, WirelessMAN, WirelessWAN Mobile Networks: GSM, GPRS, UMTS Chapter 4 Mobility on theMore information
Networking 4 Voice and Video over IP (VVoIP)
Networking 4 Voice and Video over IP (VVoIP) Course Objectives This course will give delegates a good understanding of LANs, WANs and VVoIP (Voice and Video over IP). It is aimed at those who want to moveMore information
Overview of Computer Networks
Overview of Computer Networks Client-Server Transaction Client process 4. Client processes response 1. Client sends request 3. Server sends response Server process 2. Server processes request ResourceMore information
CS 326e F2002 Lab 1. Basic Network Setup & Ethereal Time: 2 hrs
CS 326e F2002 Lab 1. Basic Network Setup & Ethereal Time: 2 hrs Tasks: 1 (10 min) Verify that TCP/IP is installed on each of the computers 2 (10 min) Connect the computers together via a switch 3 (10 min)More information
Understanding TCP/IP. Introduction. What is an Architectural Model? APPENDIX
APPENDIX A Introduction Understanding TCP/IP To fully understand the architecture of Cisco Centri Firewall, you need to understand the TCP/IP architecture on which the Internet is based. This appendixMore information
An Active Network Based Hierarchical Mobile Internet Protocol Version 6 Framework
An Active Network Based Hierarchical Mobile Internet Protocol Version 6 Framework Zutao Zhu Zhenjun Li YunYong Duan Department of Business Support Department of Computer Science Department of BusinessMore information
VLANs. Application Note
VLANs Application Note Table of Contents Background... 3 Benefits... 3 Theory of Operation... 4 IEEE 802.1Q Packet... 4 Frame Size... 5 Supported VLAN Modes... 5 Bridged Mode... 5 Static SSID to StaticMore information
IP address format: Dotted decimal notation: 10000000 00001011 00000011 00011111 126.96.36.199
IP address format: 7 24 Class A 0 Network ID Host ID 14 16 Class B 1 0 Network ID Host ID 21 8 Class C 1 1 0 Network ID Host ID 28 Class D 1 1 1 0 Multicast Address Dotted decimal notation: 10000000 00001011More information
RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
SFWR 4C03: Computer Networks and Computer Security January 19-22 2004 Lecturer: Kartik Krishnan Lectures 7-9 RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol When a system with a local disk is bootstrapped itMore information
Network Discovery Protocol LLDP and LLDP- MED
Network LLDP and LLDP- MED Prof. Vahida Z. Attar College of Engineering, Pune Wellesely Road, Shivajinagar, Pune-411 005. Maharashtra, INDIA Piyush chandwadkar College of Engineering, Pune Wellesely Road,More information
TCP/IP Fundamentals. OSI Seven Layer Model & Seminar Outline
OSI Seven Layer Model & Seminar Outline TCP/IP Fundamentals This seminar will present TCP/IP communications starting from Layer 2 up to Layer 4 (TCP/IP applications cover Layers 5-7) IP Addresses DataMore information
Zarząd (7 osób) F inanse (13 osób) M arketing (7 osób) S przedaż (16 osób) K adry (15 osób)
QUESTION NO: 8 David, your TestKing trainee, asks you about basic characteristics of switches and hubs for network connectivity. What should you tell him? A. Switches take less time to process frames thanMore information
Evaluation guide. Vyatta Quick Evaluation Guide
VYATTA, INC. Evaluation guide Vyatta Quick Evaluation Guide A simple step-by-step guide to configuring network services with Vyatta Open Source Networking http://www.vyatta.com Overview...1 Booting UpMore information
Computer Networks/DV2 Lab
Computer Networks/DV2 Lab Room: BB 219 Additional Information: http://www.fb9dv.uni-duisburg.de/ti/en/education/teaching/ss08/netlab Equipment for each group: - 1 Server computer (OS: Windows 2000 AdvancedMore information
Top-Down Network Design
Top-Down Network Design Chapter Five Designing a Network Topology Copyright 2010 Cisco Press & Priscilla Oppenheimer Topology A map of an internetwork that indicates network segments, interconnection points,More information
Linux Based Implementation and Performance Measurements of Dual Stack Mobile IPv6
Linux Based Implementation and Performance Measurements of Dual Stack Mobile IPv6 CHAMAN SINGH 1 K.L.BANSAL 2 1 Assistant Professor 2 Associate Professor firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com information
Additional Information: A link to the conference website is available at: http://www.curtin.edu.my/cutse2008/index.html
Citation: Veeramani, S. and Gopal, Lenin. 2008. Network monitoring tool, in Curtin University of Technology (ed), Curtin University of Technology Science and Engineering International Conference CUTSEMore information
Implementing DHCPv6 on an IPv6 network
Implementing DHCPv6 on an IPv6 network Benjamin Long firstname.lastname@example.com 8-11-2009 Implementing DHCPv6 on an IPv6 network 2 Table of Contents DHCPv6 Overview...3 Terms used by DHCPv6...3 DHCPv6 MessageMore information
CCNA R&S: Introduction to Networks. Chapter 5: Ethernet
CCNA R&S: Introduction to Networks Chapter 5: Ethernet 22.214.171.124 Introduction The OSI physical layer provides the means to transport the bits that make up a data link layer frame across the network media.More information
Host Configuration (Linux)
: Location Date Host Configuration (Linux) Trainer Name Laboratory Exercise: Host Configuration (Linux) Objectives In this laboratory exercise you will complete the following tasks: Check for IPv6 supportMore information


text:
Pay-Per-Minute Viewing
You can now enjoy this movie on your iPhone®, iPad®, or compatible Smart TV & Android devices.
Purchase Options
Pay-Per-MinutePurchase Minutes
Streaming Rentals
Available MP4 sizes:SD 480p (1.57 GB)
DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 100 minutes
Released: 08/2013
Studio Name: Universal Trannies
Series: My First Shemale Sex
Categories: Shemale Transsexual All Sex
Description: My First Shemale Sex 6: These lucky guys get to fuck a shemale for the first time! You've got a hot shemale home for the first time! Now is your chance to do whatever you want with her.
4 Scenes from My First Shemale Sex 6
My First Shemale Sex 6: Scene 1 Free Preview
Starring: Isadora Venturini Giselle Lemos ... More Details
Stars: Isadora Venturini, Giselle Lemos
Sex Acts: Anal Sex, Vaginal Sex, Masturbation, Oral Sex
Positions: Standing Doggy Style, Standing, Spoons position, Laying, Reverse Cowgirl, Cowgirl, Kneeling, Doggy Style
Settings: Bedroom
My First Shemale Sex 6: Scene 2 Free Preview
Starring: Giselle Lemos Leona Andrev ... More Details
Stars: Giselle Lemos, Leona Andrev, Dartilly Ritiely
Positions: Standing, Spoons position, Missionary, Reverse Cowgirl, Cowgirl, Kneeling, Doggy Style
Settings: Bedroom
My First Shemale Sex 6: Scene 3 Free Preview
Starring: Fernanda Barros ... More Details
Stars: Fernanda Barros
Positions: Standing Doggy Style, Standing, Sitting, Reverse Cowgirl, Cowgirl, Doggy Style
Settings: Jacuzzi
My First Shemale Sex 6: Scene 4 Free Preview
Starring: Shakira Maya ... More Details
Stars: Shakira Maya
Positions: Standing Side Saddle, Standing, Laying, Cowgirl, Doggy Style
Settings: Poolside
Recommended Movies
AEBN Cams

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DOW did not make new high today with SPX (so far)
Great charts VO! thx for the contributions...
This is an important time frame... look at the averages on the above chart. They are dangerously close to turning negative.
initial targets on the downside are shown... if by some chance the rally this week is not over then i'll be watching for 1138 tho there is significant resistance at 1135.25-1136
well, i missed the 1132.75 level, the trade of the day! Now im watching 1130.50 for a sell or 1125.00 for a buy!
In a larger context, followers will note that that 1132 area was my first area for a possible fade after the breakout!The chance of an intermediate decline is very real here.time will tell!
order in at 1125.25
L 26.50...stop 24
Almost joined you ,pal! Still hope for one more push lower, but that last one probably completes a wave count...
this looks like a lil triangle 4 wave
Emini Day Trading / Daily Notes / Forecast / Economic Events / Trading Indicators / Search / Terms and Conditions / Disclaimer / Books / Online Books / Site Map / Contact / Privacy Policy / Links / About / Day Trading Forum / Investment Calculators / Pivot Point Calculator / Market Profile Generator / Fibonacci Calculator / Mailing List / Advertise Here / Articles / Financial Terms / Brokers / Software / Holidays / Stock Split Calendar / Features / Mortgage Calculator / User Pages / Donate
Copyright © 2004-2017, MyPivots. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2004-2017, MyPivots. All rights reserved.


text:
Grave forces are converging to seize control of the Book of Thoth, a hidden artifact whose pages hold the key to creating - or unraveling - the very threads of existence.
dark things scratch at windows, simmering rivalries are renewed, and governments fall one by one.
Far from home, cut off behind enemy lines, Max and his allies must journey across Europe, descend into the fabled Frankfurt Workshop, brave the tangled corners of the Black Forest . . . and ultimately cross beyond the veils of our world.
Format: ePUB
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 496
Published: 1st March 2011
Publisher: Random House Australia
Edition Number: 1


text:
Top 5 Costume Ideas Speed Skaters Should Adopt
Speed Skating uniforms may be aerodynamic, but lets face it, they leave plenty to be desired. Sure they could practice skating more to improve themselves, but it is far more important to improve their wardrobe. So who should they adopt their changes from? Read on folks!
1. Super Heroes
Super Heroes are perfect starting point for accessorizing speed skating wear. They have the tight clothing that makes you question their sexual orientation, but the athleticism that makes you not dare to do so out loud, just like an Olympic athlete and yet they have a flare and pizazz that their medal winning brethren do not possess. Firstly, a notable logo. More important than that however is a cape. Nothing says, "look at how fucking fast I am going" like a cape does. Sure Apolo Ohno may have a pile of medals to cherish, but did he do it in a cape? I think not. He could have been the greatest caped athlete of all time, but instead he chose to waste his life. Learn from his mistakes people!
2. Luchador Wrestlers
Once again, they embrace the spandex but they know how to psych out their opponents. Think skating by with the stars and stripes on your chest is going to make and body blink? How about skating by as a full fledged f'ing skeleton? If that doesn't distract them, hit them in the back of the head with a folding chair. I think that might just be legal in short track speed skating.
3. Knights
Perhaps a full suit of armor wouldn't be best suited for speed skating, but chain mail might have its advantages. It is fairly light, and would be a big confidence boost. If you take a spill and those huge, sharp-ass blades go slicing you know your jugular vein is going to be just fine. Plus, if things don't work out at the Olympics, you can always go search out the holy grail.
4. Tanooki Suit Mario
While this may not be feasible for most athletes, I am sure with the budget that sports generates these days we can make this happen. For those unawares, the Tanooki suit was in Super Mario Bros. 3, and allowed Mario to to smack enemies with his tail, turn into a statue mid air and crush enemies by falling on them, and to fly by quickly swooshing his tail. Now, you can't "legally" assault your opponents in speed skating, but knowing it may happen could truly psych them out. Being able to bypass the skating all together and fly above them around the track is where the true beauty in this outfit comes into play though. Let the fools below you jockey for position. Just don't let any flying turtles touch you, or you will totally lose the suit, and most likely the race, and all your hopes and dreams with it.
5. Slim Goodbody
While a flesh-colored unitard with internal organs on it may not posses any obvious benefits it… well… it will confuse everyone, and that counts for something right? It has long been rumored that judges give bonus points for having a Slim Goodbody fro. Speed Skating has judges right? Does anyone even remember Slim Goodbody? Is anyone even reading this?
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!
Report an Issue
Drag to highlight one or more parts of the screen.
We got your feedback, and we'll follow up with you at
Sadly, an error occured while sending your feedback. Please contact email@example.com to let us know.


text:
Meaning of privity of contract
The doctrine of privity of a contract means that a contract is a private relationship between the parties to the agreement and no other person can acquire the rights or liabilities under it. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that creates an obligation to do or not to do something. A contract cannot confer rights or impose obligation on any person except the parties to it. Hence, only party to a contract can sue or be sued for the enforcement of the contractual obligations and a person who is not a party to a contract cannot sue or be sued. This establishes the rule "Stranger to a contract cannot sue".
A stranger to a contract means the person who is not a party to the contract. The stranger to a contract is known as a third party. A stranger to a contract cannot sue except in few cases.
Stranger to a consideration
If a consideration moves from promisee or any other person on his behalf it will be a valid consideration (Ref.: Chinnaya vs. Ramayya). The person who does not provide consideration, even though he may or may not be a party to contract, such person is known as stranger to consideration and gets right to sue with respect to his rights arising from the contract. Hence a stranger to a consideration can sue but a stranger to a contract cannot sue.
Note: Under English Law stranger to consideration cannot sue.


text:
Waiting for the Subway
As part of Salon's "Dream City" feature, Will Doig looks at how North American cities' mass transit schemes often get bogged down in bureaucracy, politics, financial woes and mismanagement, to the point where it's not unreasonable for people to wonder if they'll still be alive when the line in their city is expected to be completed. He writes,
"It only takes one politician to gum up a world-class transit plan...Voters want a subway stop on their block, so their elected officials fight for it, whether or not it really makes sense from an urban planning perspective. Or they don't want the subway coming near them. Or they want light rail but not a bus. Or they want an airport link, but they want it to go around their neighborhood rather than through it.
Good public transit is a cherished ideal of many progressives. Ironically, progressive values can end up making transit construction take longer. Part of the reason we don't build as fast as China does is because we have workers' unions, ADA compliance rules, and environmental concerns that require time-consuming impact studies...Good, affordable transit is a human rights issue too, though, and in many ways the common link in our desire for healthier, less wasteful cities that serve everyone equally."


text: October 1st 5pm-10pm Doors open at 5pm Bowling begins at 6pm Price: $30 per person/ $50 per couple /$120 for an entire lane (this can have up to 6 bowlers) *shoes are included with all tickets *every lane includes pizza Where: Stone Lanes Norwood 3746 Montgomery Road Norwood, OH 45212 FAQ The Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden has been instrumental to numerous in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts for the rhinoceros. Bowling For Rhinos is a night of bowling to raise funds and awareness for the plight of all 5 species of rhinos (Javan, Black, White, Sumatran and Indian). Participants will bowl for 2 hours and have the opportunity to participate in several other "supplemental" fundraisers including a silent auction, raffle, and more! Bowling ends at 8pm but mention "rhinos" and any game purchased after 8pm will earn 50% back to Bowling for Rhinos event! Tickets Bowling for this event is sold out, but come guests are still encouraged to come out for a great time! You can support the cause by participating in our silent auction or raffle, or feel free to come and just enjoy the night with friends. 10623509_519673628210958_2319286292669021451_o 10623509_519673628210958_2319286292669021451_o Slide 7 Slide 7 11124173_519672284877759_8211890379804556559_o 11124173_519672284877759_8211890379804556559_o 12031473_519672438211077_4269026638325071062_o 12031473_519672438211077_4269026638325071062_o 12045297_519672368211084_2268779483681559073_o 12045297_519672368211084_2268779483681559073_o 12095326_519672898211031_5708434671892399565_o 12095326_519672898211031_5708434671892399565_o Slide 6 Slide 6 OverlaysPreviousNextPreviousNext Additional Fun! In addition to bowling, we will have t-shirts for sale, a silent auction and a raffle to meet a rhino at the Cincinnati Zoo! Have questions? Contact Jenna Wingate or Wendy Rice! Sponsorship Opportunities Would you or your business like to become a sponsor? Please email Jenna Wingate to find out how, or get more info for sponsorships and donations!


text:
Monday 27 January 1908
It was Monday, under the sign of Aquarius. The US president was Theodore Roosevelt (Republican).
Famous people born on this day include William Randolph Hearst Jr and Oran Page.
Jeppe paa bjerget, directed by Viggo Larsen, was one of the most viewed movies released in 1908
But much more happened that day: find out below..
You can also have a look at the whole 1908 or at January 27 across the years.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 27 January 1908 and get them!
Which were the most popular movies released in the last 30 days ?
Find out your future
Get a FREE Numerology report based on the digits of 27 January 1908!
Wish him/her..
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 27 January 1908 ?
- UN ? International Holocaust Memorial Day
- Germany ? Gedenktag fnr die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus (Commemoration Day for the Victims of National Socialism).
- Catholicism ? Catholic Schools Week.
- Poland ? Dzie? Pami?ci Ofiar Nazizmu (Memorial Day for the Victims of Nazism).
- Italy ? Giorno della Memoria (Memorial Day).
- Denmark ? Auschwitzdag (Auschwitz Day; commemoration day for the victims of the Holocaust and other genocide).
- Serbia ? St. Sava Day.
- United Kingdom ? Holocaust Memorial Day.
Famous Birthdays:
- William Randolph Hearst Jr: Newspaper publisher (Hearst Publishing).
- Oran Page: American musician (jazz trumpeter, singer, and bandleader) (d. 1954).
- William Hearst: Jr.
- Hot Page: American trumpet player singer and bandleader (d. 1954).
Music Charts
Which were the top hits in that special week of January 1908 ?
Top #5 songs in the USA
- Dixie Dan - Arthur Collins
- Wouldn't You Like to Have Me for a Sweetheart? - Ada Jones
- Two Blue Eyes - Billy Murray
- You - Frank Stanley
- Who Do You Love? - Arthur Collins & Byron Harlan
Search For Your Ancestors
Subscribe to our Newsletter
Don't miss our monthly news, no spam guarantee Click here to Subscribe
...and if 27 January 1908 was your Birth Date then Join our Birthday Club!
Make this date unforgettable
Genealogy: find out your family heritage
Magazine Covers
What news were making the headlines those days in January 1908?
Which were the most popular books released in the last weeks ?
Remember when
What videogames would you be playing back in the days ?


text:
Obscure Polio-like malady is incapacitating gigantic quantities of U.S. kids
Amongst January and August of 2016, wellbeing authorities reported 50 new instances of intense limp myelitis (AFM) – an ailment that can bring about loss of motion, with a few casualties requiring a respirator to relax.
Like polio, AFM assaults the focal sensory system, and so far, no cure has been found for the crippling condition.
Early side effects are like those of a cool, yet can quickly grow into loss of motion of a lot of a kid's body inside a couple days.
Twice the same number of instances of AFM as a year ago
The late episode is not bound to a particular topographical zone; the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is reporting that the new cases have happened in 24 isolate states.
The episode is like one in 2014 that influenced 120 individuals – a year ago there were just 21 cases.
AFM has been connected with a strain of enterovirus that appears to at present be available for use. Enteroviruses commonly cause just mellow sicknesses in kids, for example, summer colds and respiratory diseases, however in the event that they figure out how to get into the focal sensory system, they can bring about significantly more harm.
Dr. Kevin Messacar, a pediatrician and authority in irresistible maladies at Children's Hospital Colorado, said:
"August to October is commonly when enteroviruses circle. We see more intense flabby myelitis amid that season and we do appear to see an expansion in the cases that have been accounted for. ...
"I believe it's vital that we consider it important in light of the fact that the impacts of this condition seem, by all accounts, to be long haul and are incapacitating."
No known cure for AFM
Since there is no cure for AFM, medications are gone for only mitigating side effects, yet specialists say that it's still critical to perceive the early cautioning indications of the infection and to look for care promptly.
From the CDC site:
"A specialist can differentiate amongst AFM and different infections with a watchful examination of the sensory system, taking a gander at the area of the shortcoming, muscle tone, and reflexes, to separate such patients from patients with different types of intense flabby loss of motion (AFP). ...
"At last, by testing the cerebrospinal liquid (CSF, the liquid washing the mind and spinal line), clinicians can search for discoveries suggestive of AFM."
The CDC's appraisal of AFM is somewhat confounding, be that as it may. As indicated by their site, AFM can be brought about by "an assortment of germs, including a few infections."
These incorporate enteroviruses (both polio and non-polio), West Nile infection (and infections in an indistinguishable family from WNV) and adenoviruses.
The CDC prescribes – obviously – that kids ought to be cutting-edge on all antibodies, however it's hazy how immunizations will keep the infection, since there is no immunization that keeps the enterovirus connected to the present episode.
Different suggestions for counteractive action incorporate maintaining a strategic distance from mosquito nibbles, washing hands much of the time and keeping away from debilitated individuals.
A portion of the kids influenced have demonstrated change subsequent to being determined to have AFM, however numerous will never completely recuperate and might be incapacitated forever.
The main uplifting news is that since instances of AFM tend to spike amid late summer and early fall, there will ideally not be numerous all the more new judgments this year.
In the mean time, it's sheltered to expect that Big Pharma will uproar to concoct another antibody to add to the blast of required infusions for youngsters, which may really be the genuine reason that their resistant frameworks are as of now so traded off that they are powerless to maladies like AFM.
The most ideal approach to forestall ailment when all is said in done is to assemble a sound invulnerable framework normally – through appropriate eating regimen and dietary supplements that help the body's resistance – obviously, the CDC won't let you know that. ...
Obscure Polio-like malady is incapacitating gigantic quantities of U.S. kids
lanka hotnews


text:
Workspot Technology Partners
Our technology partners are the leading innovators for hyper-converged infrastructure, VPN, and image management solutions. We are working together to build the next generation desktop and application delivery architecture that is 10X simpler for IT.
Workspot Solutions Partners
Our worldwide network of solutions experts work with enterprise customers of all sizes to deploy Workspot. As trusted advisors to their customers, Workspot Solution Partners design and deliver complete end user computing solutions incorporating Workspot.
Become a Workspot Solution Partner
Enterprise customers are actively looking for solutions that help their employees securely access business applications and data from any device.
Workspot is the only solution in the market that delivers this capability with a 100% cloud architecture and subscription billing model.
Benefits of Partnering
Fast and Easy to Sell
Workspot VDI 2.0 is the next generation of VDI designed for simplicity, speed, and performance. Get your customer up and using VDI with their existing infrastructure in 60 minutes.
High Velocity Lead Generation
We invest heavily in lead generation campaigns, using traditional channels, events, and content marketing activities.
Subscription Revenue
Our revenue model is subscription based. Our commission structure is also based on a recurring model.
Responsive and Friendly Support
Workspot is responsive and dedicated to helping you close deals, including joint calls, technical deep-dive demos and offering our management to support you on closing calls.
Complementary Business
Workspot VDI 2.0 leverages any infrastructure. Current Nutanix, Atlantis Computing, Microsoft, Cisco, F5, Fortinet, and Pulse Secure resellers should apply to join the Workspot's Solution Partner Program.


text:
isvNote is a ASCII/HTML/RTF file editor with browsing functions
Use this security logo:
Tutorial not found. Let know us about any useful video tutorial.
editor, decryptor, browser, file manager, encryptor, viewer
extra functions, meets requirements Windows Vista
You only have the right to freely use (for 60 days) and distribute the demo for non commercial purposes.
isvNote is distributed by Iservi (www.iservi.com) WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY,
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


text:
House In Haarby
Mosegyden, Haarby, Region Syddanmark, Denmark
Property Ref:
Main picture for House In Haarby
Description of House In HaarbyThe thatched roof makes this holiday home secure from outside and the interiors consist of a comfortable country kitchen and an open plan living room. The house stands in a beautiful, rural neighbourhood in south-west Funen. A fireplace in the living area provides pleasant warmth on cooler days. Wireless internet is available all over the house. The entire family can stay active as there is also a huge ground for various activities. Enjoy a view of the fields and the forest from the house and the garden. Svanninge Hills are a wonderful tourist destination, where you can experience uniqueness, nature and the hilly countryside. Enjoy splendid hiking and cycling in this region. There is also a huge adventure playground for people of all ages. The inn of Faldsled which is just 5 minutes away from the house by car has particularly good dining options. Odense is a city worth visiting and is located about 30 km from here.
Updating Calendar
For information about rates or to make a booking.
Location details for House In Haarby
(All distances and times are approximations)
Funen home.Other locations within the Funen, Langeland, T�singe area:


text:
|Specific References
|Related Products
|Baculovirus-Insect cells
|Baculovirus-Insect Cell lysate that Mouse IL5 transfected / overexpressed for Western blot (WB) positive control. The whole cell lysate is provided in 1X Sample Buffer (1X modified RIPA buffer+1X SDS loading buffer).
|A DNA sequence encoding the mouse IL5 (P04401) (Met 1-Gly 133) was expressed,with a C-terminal polyhistidine tag.
|Met 21
|The recombinant mouse IL5 consists of 123 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 14.5 kDa. It migrates as an approximately 18 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, and the homodimer form could also be seen.
|Cell lysate was prepared by homogenization in ice-cold modified RIPA Lysis Buffer with cocktail of protease inhibitors (Sigma). Cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined by Bradford assay (Bio-Rad protein assay, Microplate Standard assay). The cell lysate was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS loading buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 5% b-mercaptoethanol, and lyophilized.
|Modified RIPA Lysis Buffer: 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% SDS, 1% Sodium deoxycholate, 1mM PMSF.
|12.5% SDS-PAGE Stained with Coomassie Blue after protein purification.
|Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt.
|1. Centrifuge the tube for a few seconds and ensure the pellet at the bottom of the tube. 2. Re-dissolve the pellet using 200μL pure water and boil for 2-5 min. 3. Store the lyophilized cell lysate at 4℃. After re-dissolution, recommend to aliquot it into smaller quantities and store at -80℃.
|1 X Sample Buffer (1 X modified RIPA buffer+1 X SDS loading buffer).
|Store at 4℃. After re-dissolution, aliquot and store at -80℃.
|Western blot (WB): Use at an assay dependent dilution.
Other Applications: Not tested.
Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a member of the interleukin family with length of 115 amino acids. Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins / signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes) and has been found in a wide variety of body cells. Interleukin 5 or IL-5 is produced by T helper-2 cells and mast cells. It helps to stimulate B cell growth and increase immunoglobulin secretion and is considered as a key mediator in eosinophil activation. Interleukin 5 (IL-5) has long been associated with several allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis and asthma. Growth in the number of circulating, airway tissue, and induced sputum eosinophils have been observed in patients with these diseases. IL-5 also had something with the terminally differentiated granulocyte eosinophils. IL-5 was originally found as an eosinophil colony stimulating factor. It has been proved to be a major regulator of eosinophil accumulation in tissues, and can modulate eosinophil behavior at every stage from maturation to survival.


text:
A metal world, it is home to a race of natural Mechanoids
Appearance Edit
The surface of the planet is covered in natural metal, in its raw and processed state. In truth this is Cyber-Matter. There are also several cities which dot the planet.
Natives Edit
The native dominant species is a race of natural Mechanoids who share the name of their planet. They are advance mechanoids who have acquired the power of transformation (though not all bare this power), they are warm wired. They are a space age race.


text:
by clicking the arrows at the side of the page, or by using the toolbar.
by clicking anywhere on the page.
by dragging the page around when zoomed in.
by clicking anywhere on the page when zoomed in.
web sites or send emails by clicking on hyperlinks.
Print Page
Email this page to a friend
Search this issue
Index - jump to page or section
Archive - view past issues
FLEXO Magazine : June 2008
FTA TODAY controlled at all times. "PET has excel- lent clarity and can be recycled, but can only be made from virgin mate- riaL" The group ultimately went with PET, and designed a prototype in Adobe@ Illustrator@, which was sent to the Industrial Technologies Dept. to make an actual bottle. The name for their product, Spry, was chosen because "it implies lively and nimble," according to Costa. "We also chose a simple sans-serif font that would be easily recognizable even under distortion." Miller said the team agreed on a clear pressure-sensitive film for the label, and opted to use all Pantone spot colors to ensure consistency and color control. The logo was printed green, with blue text to compliment. Nutrition facts were printed over a solid white. The group also took ad- vantage of the clear film on the clear bottle. "The consumer can look through the bottle and see the graphics on the back label," said Miller. Before the final run, there were some issues that had to be resolved in the prepress stages. "The white underlay on the label was challenging because the yellow and blue needed to overprint the white underneath," said Miller. "The yellow can- not overprint the blue because it would create a green color." She also noted the use of special screening techniques to in- crease solid density and improve contrast. University of Central Missouri's team took the award for Excellence in Execution: (left to right) Danielle Coakley, Nick Martin, and Sarah Bates with instructor Mark Rankin LOCAL FARE Taking a unique position, students from University of Central Missouri presented their solution for a small, regionally branded energy drink. The team of Sarah Bates, Danielle Coakley, and Nick Martin spoke to judges, noting that fellow student Samantha Blackwell was not able to attend the event. "Our solution is Mule Fuel," ex- claimed Bates. Like those from other schools, Bates and her teammates researched the de- mographics of typical drinks. "The age group that they are targeting is 15 to 25 and largely male. Our student body, however, is 57 percent female and 43 percent male, which means we need to try to target more women." Most drinks use similar container shapes and colors, with red and black. "We lucked out be- cause those are our school colors," said Bates. Preliminary designs included those colors and incorporated variations of the school mascot, a mule. Martin stated, "Using this research, we got - together and addressed five points: container size and shape, the color association, the product name, slogans and catchphrases, and a logo. We came up with several names, put together some prototypes and presented them in front of a group of peers and had them ranked by preference." The results, he said, were brought to a branding professional for some critiques. "We then came up with six new versions, and again conducted a focus group," said Martin. "Out of 168 people, Mule Fuel was overwhelmingly the favorite. The final design was a little different in that we rounded the corners a bit and sepa- rated it onto two labels for the front and back." To differentiate from other drinks, the group chose an alu- minum bottle. Coakley told judges, "Normally aluminum cans are direct printed. CCL Label, which provided the containers you see before you, said that direct printing aluminum is not cost effective for less than 100,000 units. Since this is a region- ally marketed brand, we figured we'd stay under that number." As such, they went with a clear film pressure-sensitive label for graphics. The team turned to FIRST (Flexographic Image Reproduction Specijications and Tolerances) to create their UPC code, and the FDA to ensure accurate nutrition facts. Color management was done using monitor calibration and a Pantone swatch book. "To get the densities we wanted, we were required to use a 440 anilox on the black and 550 on our Pantone 200 spot color.". The 2nd Annual College Phoenix Challenge will take place Saturday, May 2 in Orlando, FL. Next year's problem: a narrow- web promotion or package solution for a coffee shop. Two printed samples are required, and it must be non-pressure sensitive. For more information, contact Bettylyn Krafft at 704-309-3748 or email@example.com. JUNE 2008 www.flexography.org FLEXO
May 2008
July 2008
Previous Page
Next Page


text:
Matalan move repositions Sunderland scheme
Published: 07 March, 2017
Europa and Ediston restructure Pallion retail park, Sunderland
Europa Capital's joint venture with Ediston Real Estate has completed a restructuring of the Matalan unit at the 133,000-sq ft Pallion retail park in Sunderland. The Matalan store has downsized the from 50,000 to 30,000 sq ft with B&M leasing the vacated space. Landlord works have been completed and Matalan is now trading with B&M currently completing fit-out works. In addition, as part of the works an extra unit of 4,000 sq ft has been created which is now being marketed.
Rob Sim, partner and head of Northern Europe at Europa Capital, said: "The restructuring is a key part of the business plan for the asset and establishes an improved rental tone for the park and a major increase in the weighted average unexpired lease term. This commitment from the tenants establishes Pallion retail park as the best retail park in the area. There are further plans to secure leases with retailers for pods in the car park, for which there is planning consent."
Morgan Williams and Edgerley Simpson Howe are letting agents.


text:
Thursday, September 6, 2007
FreeConference Adds Web Conferencing Features
Los Angeles-based FreeConference, a provider of free conference calling services, said this morning that it has added web conferencing features to its lineup of services. The company, which had previously only offered the free conference calling services, said that its new SharePlus Desktop Sharing service will allow users to share any application or presentation from their desktop. The new service is currently free while the service is in beta. FreeConference is one of the companies taking advantage of FCC regulations which allow rural telcos to charge extra for connections into their network, which are used to pay for the free conference calling services.


text:
Antitrust Practices and Market Power Essay
Antitrust Practices and Market Power
Apple was investigated, as well as several publishing companies for conspiring to keep e-book prices high. Amazon is the biggest retailer of e-books, and the publishing business has been thrown into chaos by the popularity of e-books. Publishing companies used the old publishing model of selling e-books like print books where the publisher sells the book to the retailer, like Amazon or Apple, at about half the price of the cover price and the retailer can sell the book at whatever price it chooses. (Chen & Bosman, 2013)
Apple entered into contracts with publishers that use an "agency model" to price e-books. This meant that publishers would set the price of e-books, and the retailer would get 30% of the sale price as profit. Apple also stipulated that publishers could not set a price lower than the price in Apple's e-book store. (Chen & Bosman, 2013)
This action by Apple was investigated because the primary purpose of these contracts was to keep the e-book prices higher, and to reduce competition between booksellers. Amazon, the giant in the market, would not be able to compete on price, and e-books would cost consumers more.
Identify some of the costs (pecuniary and nonpecuniary) associated with the antitrust behavior (firms having power in the market). Additionally, note the specific antitrust act (Sherman Act, Clayton Act, etc.) under which the violation was investigated.
The pecuniary cost of the actions of Apple is that consumers will pay more money for books, and Apple, as well as other book sellers, will not have to compete on price with Amazon who dominates the market. This will cost Amazon, and booksellers and publishers may make more money at the expense of consumers. The non-pecuniary cost will be that books will not be as available at low prices to consumers who want them, but cannot afford the price.
Price fixing is a violation of section 2 of the Clayton Act of 1914. This act prohibits price discrimination that is not based on cost differences that reduces competition. (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2012)
Given your research and findings, are monopolies and oligopolies (firms demonstrating power) always bad for society? Be sure to provide real world examples of where this may be the case to strengthen your position. Provide at least one example of a case where having a monopoly or oligopoly may actually benefit the society.
According to my research in this case, Amazon's demonstration of oligopoly power is good for society because e-book prices are lower when Amazon tries to block other competitors from entering the e-book market, and more e-books are then available to the public. This is a good real-world example of the positive influence that an oligopoly can have for society, and an example of how regulation is needed, and anti-trust laws, when oligopolies use collusion to compete instead of letting the free-market operate. References
Chen, B. X., & Bosman, J. (2013, June 2). E-book antitrust trial of Apple to begin. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/ McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L., & Flynn, S. M. (2012). Economics (19th ed.). Retrieved from http://devry.vitalsource.com/#/books/0077587766/pages/50192724
Subject: Cartel, Competition,
University/College: University of California
Type of paper: Thesis/Dissertation Chapter
Date: 23 April 2016
Let us write you a custom essay sample on Antitrust Practices and Market Power
for only $16.38 $13.9/page


text:
Taking a More Bullish View of the Euro
The threat of military intervention in Libya is like the elephant in the room.
It is there. It is big. But no one is really talking about it.
On the contrary, with a host of other fundamental factors in play in financial markets, analysts appear determined to come up with just about every other excuse for explaining the movements of the majors.
Over the past few days, for example, many banks have rushed to raise their near- and medium-term forecasts for the euro against the dollar following a signal from the European Central Bank that rates could be increased as early as April.
But this is all happening against a background of high uncertainty. As the cost of peripheral euro-zone debt continues to rise, the threat of sovereign default remains and the growth prospects for the euro zone are still very much in doubt.
A rally in crude oil prices to two-year highs has cast doubt on the world's growth prospects as well as inflamed fears that a general rise in commodity prices will soon translate into inflation.
With the U.S. still more likely to drag its feet on raising rates, the ECB's hawkishness last week was the perfect trigger for a more bullish view of the euro.


text:
There is not a little something a lot more essential as compared to a healthy body. One can find many methods to stay healthy and some of these do not demand just about any expense. Nevertheless we cannot deny the reality that a wide range of persons are generally not exercising sufficient. But if you are not amongst them and would like to improve your quality of life easily then keep reading this article and you are going to quickly understand not just how to remain healthy nevertheless in addition the greatest gadget that will assist you to stay determined to workout daily.
What is health? Staying in good health signifies that you're free from condition of any sort according to dictionary. It is important to recognize that well being is actually a lot more as compared to that. Emotional along with psychological health happen to be furthermore part of general health. So, while you actually might possibly not have a identified ailment, in the event that you've repeated headaches, you've got bad health. Not being healthy is also pointed out by means of frequent loss of temper, mental fatigue and the like.
And if perhaps being healthful is the main worry in your case then mywellnessrevolution.com is the most beneficial website to pay a visit to. This particular web-site is the actual key supply regarding information on spiritual healing. Additionally, it is possible to discover a ton of natural healing strategies. Possibly reconnective healing is what you're interested in? If yes, you are going to find it right here as well. And so, if perhaps you're considering keeping both your emotional and physical health in good shape then this is an excellent option.


text:
- Home »
- Blackout 2 AM Font
See preview blackout 2 am font and download this cool font for free. The font is classified as 2 am fonts. This font viewed 182 times and downloaded 12 times. You can also downloads other fonts: Blackout 2 AM for Windows and Mac at FreakFonts.com. If you like this font don't forget share them with you friends!
Views: 182
Downloads: 12
Size: 26192 Kb
Style: 2 AM Fonts
Version: Version 1.000
Font Family: Blackout
Format: True Type (TTF)
File: Blackout-2am.ttf
You may also like related fonts in .ttf and .otf format.
Blackout 2 AM Added: 2015-10-05 10:42:00
Home | Popular | New | Random | Advanced Search
If you are a copyright owner, and you see that you work has been uploaded with the violation of the copyright, please contact us. Such material will be blocked immediately.


text:
The Golden Age is that period of the Godtime when the sentient races enjoyed civilisation within great cities under the patronage of the gods.[Titan]p32 It is said that the weapons they made were purely for catching food, and the races learnt to harness the natural magic inherent in the earth of Titan. It is also said that during this period the effects of aging were nonexistent for this power of the God Time had not been released. Things grew from young to adult but did not deteriorate from that point on. The creations of Titan were not immune to death however. Although they did not age they could be killed by other creations or by forces nature (such as floods, volcanic eruptions etc.). However, this period came to an end with the First Battle of the Godswar.
|Ages of Titan
|Preceded by
time before the utopian cities had no ages
|Golden Age
| Succeeded by