text:
The European Union (EU) is dependent on imports of feed ingredients (mainly soybean and corn products) for its livestock and poultry industries, and its suppliers are also major producers of genetically engineered (GE) corn and soybean.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: 7/29/2011 GAIN Report Number: FR9074 EU-27 Agricultural Biotechnology Annual Annual Approved By: Lashonda McLeod Prepared By: Marie-Cecile Henard, Lashonda McLeod, and the group of FAS biotech specialists in the European Union Report Highlights: Due to the diversity of industry needs and public perceptions, Member States (MS) approach to biotechnology can be identified as the following: MS producing biotech crops; MS ready for adoption; MS with restrictive legislation and hostile public opinion, but supportive farmers and industry; and MS with the strongest opposition. The European Union (EU) is dependent on imports of feed ingredients (mainly soybean and corn products) for its livestock and poultry industries, and its suppliers are also major producers of genetically engineered (GE) corn and soybean. No GE animal is commercially produced in the EU; and GE animals are used for research purposes in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Section I. Executive Summary Despite the unified regulatory approach of biotechnology by authorities in the European Union (EU), Member States (MS) address this issue in multiple ways both in terms of policy and marketing. This is due in part to the diversity of industry needs (especially for feed products) and public opinions within the Member States. Four Categories of MS According to their Approaches to Biotechnology 1. GE producing MS include the Czech Republic, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Spain. They are all producers of GE crops, and farmers and industry welcome the technology; 2. MS ready for adoption due to the positive perception by the industry and the non-opposition by the public opinion are the Benelux, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (UK). However, in this group no GE crop is cultivated, as those authorized in the EU are not relevant for these markets; 3. MS with restrictive legislation and hostile opinion, but supportive farmers and industry are Bulgaria, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia and Slovenia. These countries do not produce GE crops; however, France and Germany did produce GE corn in the past; 4. MS with the strongest opposition are Austria, Greece, Hungary, and Italy. In these countries, biotechnology has a negative image in the public opinion, national policies are restrictive, and the industry is not open to the technology. Imports meeting the needs of the animal feed industry, but hampered by trade barriers The EU policy on imports of GE products is less restrictive than that on GE crop cultivation, as it faces some market realities: the EU is dependent on imports of feed ingredients (mainly soybean and corn products) for its livestock and feed industry, and EU suppliers (principally the United States, Brazil and Argentina) of these products are also major producers of GE corn and soybeans. The largest category of GE products consumed in the EU consists of soybean meal, with roughly 30 million metric tons consumed annually in the EU. The second largest category of GE products consumed in the EU is Dried Distillers Grains (DDGs), which are corn products. EU imports of DDGs are booming in 2011, and the United States is the EU?s leading supplier. EU imports of GE products are, however, hampered by several types of trade barriers, including the national bans imposed on specific GE crops and the asynchronous approval between the EU and its suppliers. In February 2011, MS endorsed an EC proposal providing for a ?technical solution? designed to harmonize the implementation of the zero tolerance policy on non-authorized GE material in feed, and defining the lowest level of GE presence considered by the EU Reference Laboratory when validating detection methods as 0.1 percent. 2 Policy is changing and completed by national measures EU policy on biotech crop cultivation is based on a regulatory framework that is criticized as lengthy and countered by national bans imposed by seven MS on EU-approved products. In July 2010, the European Commission (EC) presented a package aimed at allowing MS to decide whether or not to cultivate approved biotech crops on their individual territories. Most MS oppose the proposal due to the disruption of the single internal market and potential WTO issues. Coexistence rules between biotech and non-biotech production are regulated by national authorities. The socio-economic aspects of biotech crop cultivation are a growing concern. In April 2011, the EC presented a report to the European Parliament and the Council demonstrating the current limitations in assessing the socio-economic implications of biotech crop cultivation in the EU. This complex, changing, two-layered policy framework on GE crop cultivation has resulted in only two products approved for cultivation. GE Animals ? Some Research, No Commercial Production There are no GE animals commercially produced in the EU. GE animals are principally used for research purposes for medical or pharmaceutical applications. Animal biotechnology regulation in Europe parallels regulation of plant biotechnology and some MS do have specific regulations on animal biotechnology. The report represents a group effort from the following FAS analysts: Stefano Baldi FAS/Rome Ornella Bettini FAS/Rome covering Greece Mila Boshnakova FAS/Sofia Monica Dobrescu FAS/Bucharest Jolanta Figurska FAS/Warsaw covering Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia Bob Flach FAS/The Hague covering the Benelux Countries Marta Guerrero FAS/Madrid Marie-Cecile Henard FAS/Paris Roswitha Krautgartner FAS/Vienna covering Austria and Slovenia Diogo Machado FAS/Madrid covering Portugal Jana Mikulasova FAS/Prague covering the Czech Republic and Slovakia Ferenc Nemes FAS/Budapest Yvan Polet FAS/USEU/Brussels Piotr Rucinski FAS/Warsaw covering Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Paul Spencer FAS/Berlin Asa Wideback FAS/Stockholm covering Sweden, Denmark and Finland Barrie Williams FAS/USEU/Brussels Jennifer Wilson FAS/London covering the United Kingdom and Ireland 3 Table of Contents Section I. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 2 Section II. Plant Biotechnology Trade and Production .................................................................. 4 A. Imports of Biotech Plant Products ........................................................................................ 4 B. Commercial Planting ............................................................................................................. 5 C. Research and Development - Field Trials of GE Crops ........................................................ 7 D. Confined Research ................................................................................................................ 7 Section III. Plant Biotechnology Policy.......................................................................................... 8 A. Commercialization ............................................................................................................... 8 B. Trade barriers ...................................................................................................................... 15 Section IV. Plant Biotechnology Marketing Issues ...................................................................... 19 A. Market Acceptance Issues Relating to the Sale of Biotechnology Products ...................... 19 Section V. Plant Biotechnology Capacity Building and Outreach ............................................... 23 Section VI. Animal Biotechnology ............................................................................................... 24 A. Use of Genetic Engineering ? Research and Production .................................................... 24 B. Regulation ............................................................................................................................ 25 C. Public Opinion..................................................................................................................... 25 Section II. Plant Biotechnology Trade and Production A. Imports of Biotech Plant Products EU plant biotech trade consists mainly of soybean and corn products imported for use in animal feed, human food, and planting seeds, as well as cotton products used in the textile industry. Current conditions indicate that EU production of feed grains will have some difficulties in meeting the feed demand from the livestock and poultry industry in 2011/12, which are likely to increase imports of feed ingredients, namely, soybean, and corn products. Poland bans GE seed trade, and plans to implement a ban on GE feed by January 2013. Agricultural experts are of the opinion that the actual implementation of the ban will be prevented before its due date. In Bulgaria, a new law in 2010 effectively prohibits trade in biotech seeds, even for research and development purposes. Soybean Products The largest category of GE products consumed by MS consists of soybean meal, which is the primary source of proteins for livestock. As the EU lacks adequate supplies of vegetable protein used in animal feed, meat producers are dependent on imports of soybean and soybean meal from the United States and South America. Exports of these commodities from the United States to the EU have declined significantly since 1997. More specifically, U.S. exports of soybeans and soybean meal to the EU have 4 averaged around $1 billion annually since 2006. Exports were up by almost 20 percent in the first three months of 2011. Over the past three years, 30-32 million metric tons (MT) of soybean meal were consumed annually (see annual EU-consolidated report on oilseeds dated April 7, 2011) in the EU. Domestic soybean production is marginal. With soybean and soybean meal imports averaging 12 and 22 million MT, respectively, Argentina, Brazil, and the United States are the major suppliers. The largest users of soybean meal, Germany, Spain, and France are also the major producers of livestock and poultry, with more than 40 percent of total EU consumption. GE products are estimated to represent more than 80 percent of the total soybean meal use by MS. The remainder consists of identity preserved (IP) and geographical indication sectors. Soybean meal remains an excellent ingredient both in terms of price and quality for feed compounders and livestock breeders. Corn Products Corn and corn products, mainly Corn Gluten Feed (CGF) and Dried Distillers Grains (DDGs), represent the second largest category of GE products used in animal feed. In the past three years, the EU corn consumption averaged 60-63 million MT annually; principally supplied by local production (averaging 55-59 million MT annually), rather than by imports (averaging 3,000-6,000 MT). The share of GE products out of total corn consumption is estimated to be lower than 25 percent. EU imports of DDGs doubled in the first ten months of marketing year (MY) 2010/11 (July/April). The United States is the leading supplier with 88 percent market share. The slow approval process of new GE events by the European Union has significantly impacted U.S. exports of CGF and DDGs to the Benelux region; however, there imports have recovered. There is also great potential for increasing DDG exports to France. Seeds for Planting The percentage of biotech corn out of the total corn grown in the European Union is limited. The leading producers of corn seeds for planting in the EU are France and Hungary. There is also production in Bulgaria and Romania. In 2011, Romania produced its own biotech corn seeds for planting, while in Bulgaria, non-biotech corn seeds are imported from other EU MS, Turkey, and the United States. German seed companies provide biotech seeds to U.S. farmers. These seeds, however, are not produced in Germany due to political opposition concerning the environmental release of GE crops. Portugal sources GE corn seed directly from the United States and Chile, but the majority is U.S. produced seed imported after repacking. Spain, the leading EU biotech corn producer, sources its GE seeds from South Africa, Romania, and Chile. The United States is not a source of biotech planting seeds because of the low of tolerance for adventitious presence of unapproved events in planting seeds. B. Commercial Planting The two GE crops authorized for cultivation in the EU are as follows: MON810 GE corn and the Amflora potato. Since 2007, the EU acreage of GE corn has remained relatively stable, with fluctuations between 93,000 and 110,000 hectares (ha). Spain remains the leading GE corn producer 5 with 85 percent of the total acreage. In 2011, Spain?s production is anticipated higher, triggered by last year?s high pressure of the corn borer, and with the overall increase of area planted to corn. Other producers are Portugal, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Romania. In Portugal, planting intentions for 2011 have risen by about 50 percent to 7,300 ha due to a rise in the overall corn area (although the rise in GE corn area is proportionally higher) and corn borer attacks during the previous season. Farmers in Romania recognize the benefits of biotechnology, but several factors, such as specific requirements for separate storage and additional costs generated by implementing all specific EU rules negatively influence their planting decisions. In the Czech Republic, the decline in GE corn acreage results from the demand for non-biotech products from neighboring countries like Austria. GE corn is principally grown for domestic animal feed in Spain and Portugal. While in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, GE corn is used for feeding animals in small scale, as feedstock for biogas stations. GE Corn Cultivation by Selected Member States (in hectares) Member 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 States (est.) Spain 32,249 58,219 53,226 53,667 75,148 79,269 79,706 76,575 80,200 Portugal 0 0 730 1,254 4,199 4,856 5,094 4,869 7,300 Czech 0 0 250 1,290 5,000 8,380 6,480 4,678 4,000 Republic Poland 0 0 0 100 100 300 3,000 3,500 3,900 Slovakia 0 0 0 30 930 1,930 875 1,281 1,000 Romania 0 0 0 0 331 7,146 3,400 822 590 Germany 0 500 342 947 2,685 3,171 0 0 0 France 17 17 500 5,200 22,135 0 0 0 0 Total GE corn 32,266 58,736 55,048 62,458 110,528 105,052 98,555 91,725 96,990 acreage Total Corn Acreage 9,138 9,677 9,169 8,492 8,444 8,854 8,284 8,000 8,600 (1,000 ha) Source: FAS Posts GE potato production is estimated to remain marginal in 2011 (20 hectares), and all located in Sweden. The cultivation of the Amflora potato will be significantly lower in 2011, due to the discovery of an unapproved GE potato last year. This resulted in stricter control measures for cultivating Amflora, thus making it practically impossible to cultivate larger areas. The Czech Republic and Germany reduced their production of GE potato to zero in 2011 as a result of efforts aimed at focusing more on planting material in the next years. 6 EU-27 acreage on GE Potato by Selected Member States (in hectares) Member State 2010 2011 (estimate) Sweden 150 20 Czech Republic 147 0 Germany 15 0 Total Amflora Potato Acreage 225 20 Source: FAS Posts C. Research and Development - Field Trials of GE Crops Agricultural biotechnology research is a stated priority of the European Commission and many Member States. Previously, researchers and universities implemented successful field trial activities. However, anti-biotech activists have succeeded in intimidating research groups (both public and private entities) to drop field trial work. Field destructions have continued with little or no response from police and judicial authorities. As a result, permit requests to conduct field trials have fallen dramatically since 2007. Some research scientists were forced to drop activities due to political pressure or have moved to institutions where support for such research is undeterred. Due to strict regulations and hostile public opinion, there are no field trials in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece, Ireland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Italy and Slovenia, and a limited number in Denmark, France, Germany, Slovakia and Sweden. In the Czech Republic (virus-resistant plum trees), the Netherlands (potatoes), Poland (coexistence studies), Portugal (corn), Romania (corn), Spain (corn, sugar beet, cotton, potatoes), and the United Kingdom (nematode-resistant and blight- resistant potatoes) open field test plots are conducted at a larger scale. D. Confined Research With less strict regulations and little or no visibility for public opinion, there is confined research conducted by public entities. In Austria, for example, the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences is working on a project that investigates biotech fruit trees under contained conditions. France?s National Institute for Research in Agriculture partners with private entities in research programs on crop genomics, a variety selection program of corn with high yields and limited needs in water and chemicals, as well as a variety selection program of wheat with high yields and quality, but stress tolerant. In Germany, four big research organizations (Max-Planck-Society, Leibniz Association, Helmholtz Association, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), universities, technical colleges, and non- academic research institutes play a central role in biotech development. In Hungary, the main research institutes belong to the Hungarian Academy of Science, the Ministry of Rural Development, and universities. For Poland, plant biotechnology research is conducted by several research institutes, in 7 some cases in cooperation with foreign companies or laboratories. There is also confined research reported in Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, and in the United Kingdom. Section III. Plant Biotechnology Policy A. Commercialization 1. EU -27 biotechnology regulatory framework Typically, biotech events1, either for placing on the market or for release into the environment, are subject to the following regulatory framework: a. Authorization for placing biotech events on the market for food or feed use2 Authorization is required for placing (import, distribution, processing) biotech events on the EU market. To obtain authorization the following is required: An application3 is sent to the appropriate national competent authority of a Member State. That competent authority acknowledges receipt of the application in writing to the applicant within 14 days of receipt, and transmits the application to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). EFSA informs other MS and the European Commission of the application without delay, and makes it available. EFSA also makes the summary of the dossier available to the public via the internet. EFSA is obliged to respect the time limit of six months from its receipt of a valid application to give its opinion. This six month limit is extended whenever EFSA (or a national competent authority through EFSA) requests supplementary information from the applicant. EFSA forwards its opinion on the application to the European Commission, the MS, and the applicant. EFSA also makes its opinion available for public comment within 30 days from publication. 1 In the EU, biotech events are commonly referred to as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) 2 Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council 3 The application is accompanied by inter alia: - name and address of the applicant; - designation of the food, and its specification, including the transformation event(s) used; - a copy of the studies which have been carried out and any other available material to demonstrate no adverse effects on human or animal health or the environment; - methods for detection, sampling and identification of the event; - samples of the food; - where appropriate, a proposal for post market monitoring; - a summary of the dossier in standardized form. A complete list of accompanying information is provided in Article (5) 3 for food use, and Article 17 (3) for feed use of Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. 8 Within three months after receiving the opinion from EFSA, the European Commission presents its Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health (SCoFCAH - composed of representatives of the MS) with a draft decision reflecting EFSA?s opinion. The Standing Committee votes on the draft decision. For draft decisions prior to March 1, 2011, in the case of no qualified majority (qualified majority being 255 votes out of 345) in favor of the draft decision, the European Commission submits it to the Council of the European Union (typically the Agriculture Council) without delay. If the Council has neither adopted the draft decision nor opposed it by qualified majority within three months from the date of referral, it is adopted by the European Commission. Draft decisions after March 1, 2011, are subject to the procedural rules resulting from the Lisbon Treaty. Under these rules, in the case of no qualified majority in favor of the draft decision, the Commission may either submit an amended draft to the Committee or submit the original draft to the Appeal Committee (comprised of senior officials from the Member States). If the Appeal Committee has neither adopted the draft decision nor opposed it by qualified majority within two months from the date of referral, it may be adopted by the European Commission. It should be noted that the post-Lisbon procedural rules give more discretion to the Commission ? whereas before Lisbon the Commission was obliged to adopt the draft decision, after Lisbon the Commission has the choice whether or not to adopt the draft decision. Authorizations granted are valid throughout the EU for a period of ten years. They are renewable for ten year periods on application to the European Commission by the authorization holder at the latest one year before the expiry date of the authorization. This application for renewal of authorization must include inter alia any new information which has become available regarding the evaluation of safety and risks to the consumer or the environment. Where no decision is taken on the renewal before the authorization?s expiry date, the period of authorization is automatically extended until a decision is taken. b. Authorization for deliberate release into the environment of biotech events4 The standard authorization procedure requires written consent of the appropriate competent authority to be given before the deliberate release into the environment (cultivation for which no specific containment measures are used) of a biotech event. To obtain written consent, the following applies: The person wishing to undertake the release must submit a notification5 to the appropriate national competent authority of the MS within whose territory the release is to take place. The national competent authority acknowledges the date of notification receipt. The national competent authority sends to the European Commission, within 30 days of receipt, a scientific opinion on each notification received. 4 Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 5 The notification includes inter alia: - a technical dossier supplying the information necessary for carrying out an environmental risk assessment; - the environmental risk assessment and the conclusions, together with any bibliographical reference and indications of the methods used. Complete details are provided in Article 6 (2) of Directive 2001/18/EC. 9 The European Commission, at the latest 30 days following receipt, forwards the opinion to the other MS which may, within 30 days, present observations through the Commission or directly. The national competent authority has 45 days to evaluate the MS?s observations. If these observations are in line with the national competent authority?s scientific opinion, that opinion is sent to the European Commission which, in turn, presents a draft decision reflecting the opinion to its Committee for the adaption to technical progress and implementation of the Directive on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The Committee votes on the draft decision. In the case of no qualified majority in favor of the draft decision, the European Commission submits it to the EU Agriculture Council without delay. If the Council has neither adopted the draft decision nor opposed it by qualified majority within three months from the date of referral, it is adopted by the European Commission. Those draft decisions that have been put to the Committee after March 1, 2011, are subject to the procedural rules resulting from the Lisbon Treaty (as described in section A above). If, on the other hand, the MS?s observations are not in line with the national competent authority?s scientific opinion, the matter is passed to EFSA for its scientific opinion. EFSA?s opinion is then sent to the European Commission which presents a draft decision reflecting EFSA?s opinion to the Committee for the adaption to technical progress and implementation of the Directive on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms. The Committee votes on the draft decision. In the case of no qualified majority in favor of the draft decision, the European Commission submits it to the EU Environment Council without delay. If the Council has neither adopted the draft decision nor opposed it by qualified majority within three months from the date of referral, it is adopted by the European Commission. Draft decisions after March 1, 2011, are subject to the procedural rules resulting from the Lisbon Treaty (as described in section A above). 2. Proposal for MS to be allowed to decide on cultivation of biotech crops on their territories Commission Proposal On July 13 2010, the Commission presented a package aimed at allowing MS to decide whether or not they cultivate approved biotech crops on their individual territories. The package consists of a ?fast solution? and a proposal for a legislative amendment to the governing legislation and a proposal for a legislative amendment to the governing legislation. The ?fast solution? essentially implies new guidance on isolation distances recommended to ensure co-existence between biotech and traditional crops. Those MS that do not wish to cultivate biotech crops are, in practice, able to use the new guidance to impose isolation distances which would effectively preclude the possibility of biotech cultivation. As this does not imply legislative amendments, the Council and the European Parliament are not required to approve the measure which was applicable immediately. At the time of this report, it is understood that no MS has used this facility. 10 The proposal for legislative amendment would allow a MS to formally ?opt out? of biotech crop cultivation and requires approval by the Council and the Parliament. It is understood that the Commission would be prepared to withdraw the proposal for legislative amendment if it were to encounter significant opposition. The report on the Commission?s proposal made by the European Parliament?s Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (Lepage report) was voted July 2011. Inter alia, the Lepage report adds environmental grounds as a justification for banning or restricting the cultivation of biotech crops. The Council has not reached a common position on the Commission?s proposal. As no deadline is imposed on the Council for reaching one and it is not certain that the incoming Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union will treat the issue as a priority. It seems unlikely that a common position will be reached in the medium term. As such, the Commission?s proposal will be frozen until the Council reaches a common position. Reactions of the Member States Several MS are also opposed to the Commission proposal because of disruption of the single internal market and potential WTO issues. France continues to request for the implementation of the Environment Council of December 4, 2008 under the French Presidency of the EU to reinforce the environmental impact assessment and EFSA?s independence. Germany does not support the European Commission proposal. The government of the Netherlands opposes a study for the marketing approval for GE products by the Member State, in addition the study of the EFSA. According the Dutch government, the discussion about the use of such criteria should be held on an international level. Spain has reacted cautiously to the Commission?s proposal. Spain?s concerns are the compatibility with the common internal market and the compliance with WTO rules. The UK government is cautious about renationalization of cultivation approvals as there is potential for fragmentation of policy. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have authority over cultivation on their soil. From the start, the UK government questioned the legal status of the renationalization concept, and the viability of attaining robust socio-economic criteria. Austria is in favor of the GE opt-out? clause to allow individual member states to decide on cultivation. While the current Estonian government is using a science based approach to biotech products, it is not supportive of planting GE crops. One hundred percent of Estonian Members of the European Parliament (MEP) voted for the proposal. Ninety-one percent of Lithuanian MEP voted for the proposal The Latvian government is openly against plant biotechnology, including planting. According to the current Law on Circulation of Genetically Modified Organisms a local government may already determine a prohibition by issuing binding rules for the cultivation of genetically modified crops in 11 the relevant administrative territory or in a particular territory thereof upon its own initiative or on the basis of a proposal of a person. Over 88 percent of Latvian counties already declared themselves as biotech-free territories. One hundred percent of Latvian MEP voted in favor of the European Commission?s proposal. The Polish Minister of Agriculture declared that this move, which transfers the decision making on GE cultivation in MS from EU/Brussels to MS, could disrupt ?the single internal market.? Ninety percent of Poland?s MEP voted for the proposal. The Portuguese government has been in favor of the Commission?s proposal following the orientation of the Ministry of Environment that was, until now,the responsible body for regulating cultivation. A reviewed position, however, is possible in the near future as a new Government has just been elected and there is now one single Ministry for Agriculture and the Environment. Agriculture has traditionally been against the Commission?s proposal fearing the effects of the pressure from anti-biotech NGOs and the media if such a proposal were to be approved. The Portuguese Autonomous Region of Madeira has become the first Region of the EU to declare itself a zone free of the cultivation of genetically modified organisms since the European Commission made its proposal. The Regional Government of Azores is also preparing the submission of a request to the Commission for the same purpose. GE corn is cultivated in the Azores for the first time this year. 3. National coexistence rules Some MS have set up national coexistence frameworks for organic, biotech, and conventional crops. Austria has no federal coexistence law but all nine provinces implement precautionary bills that include coexistence regulation. The Czech Republic recently updated coexistence rules to remove administrative duplicities and add rules for future situations, such as growing GE soybeans. In 2005, Denmark was the first EU MS to impose coexistence rules. Portugal was one of the first countries to create legislation that recognizes the right of farmers to voluntarily associate and establish both GE Production Zones (PZ) and GE-Free Zones (FZ). In GE production zones farmers are still mandated to fulfill all legal obligations related to farming GE varieties, namely completing training requirements and notifying the State and adjacent farmers about their GE crop farming intentions. Except for limit zones, farmers in PZ are exempt from applying measures to minimize the accidental presence of GE material, be it through pollen contamination or mechanical mix. In 2010, twenty-one production zones were active, accounting for 46 percent of total biotech corn planted area. Germany?s approach to coexistence between biotech and conventionally grown and organic crops is complex and changing. German federal and local governments have put into place an assortment of planting bans, segregation distances, and other requirements. In December 2010, a scientific policy advisory board for the German Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Consumer Protection published additional recommendations on coexistence. While not binding, the recommendations, which call for economically unrealistic segregation and cultivation measures, underscore how coexistence regulations can be used to discourage farmers? adoption of biotech crops. Several MS are currently preparing coexistence rules. The French biotech authority, the High 12 Council on Biotechnology (HCB), is expected to release coexistence recommendations within the next few months in 2011. This will be based on its recent recommendations on the definition of ?non-biotech? and on the obligation of declaration of GE crop producers. A decree on the ?non- biotech? definition is currently being reviewed by French government, to be published in the Official Journal. Poland is proposing restrictive coexistence measures on the crops under new legislation, which is expected to be completed by early 2012. While Spain remains the leading GE crop producer in the EU, no developments regarding coexistence have been made due to the lack of consensus among the interested parties. To date, coexistence has been managed following the good agriculture practices promoted by the National Association of Seed Breeders (ANOVE), which are published on a yearly basis. Similarly, there are no coexistence rules in the United Kingdom. 4. Field register status In Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, and Portugal farmers producing biotech crops must register their fields with governmental bodies. The specificity of these registration requirements varies greatly from country to country, and tends to discourage farmers from growing biotech crops. The implementation of a commercial GE plots register is being discussed in Spain. 5. Evaluation of the EU legislation framework in the field of cultivation and marketing In December 2008, the Commission launched a technical evaluation of a) the regulatory framework of the cultivation of biotech crops under Directive 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release into the environment of biotech events and b) Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 on biotech food and feed and the marketing of their other uses under the Directive. The aim of the evaluation is to assess the extent to which the legislative framework on the cultivation and marketing of biotech products and if its implementation have achieved its objective of protecting human and animal health, the environment and consumers' interest, while ensuring the effective and efficient functioning of the internal market. The evaluation will cover topics such as risk assessment, management and communication, authorization procedures, national safeguard measures, inspections and controls and confidentiality rules. The contractor of this exercise is GHK, member of the European Policy Evaluation Consortium (EPEC) consortium. Within the framework of its task, it will analyze the biotech legislation, documents, reports, and studies related to its implementation. Moreover, it will consult stakeholders, including the MS' Competent Authorities under the biotech legislation, professional associations, biotech industry and civil society organizations involved in biotechnology issues. Commission sources suggest that the results of this work are to be released during 2011. 6. Environmental risk assessment guidance Directive 2001/18/EC provides that the potential adverse effects on human health and the 13 environment are accurately assessed on a case-by-case basis. This assessment shall be conducted jointly by MS and EFSA in accordance with the principles of the Directive 2001/18/EC and the supplementary guidelines. Following a specific mandate of the Commission to EFSA in March 2008, supported in the Environment Council Conclusions of December 2008, an updated version of the current environmental risk assessment (ERA) guidance was published by EFSA on November 12, 2010. In parallel, EFSA delivered an opinion to address the evaluation of potential impact of biotech plants on non-target organisms (NTOs). The Commission is continuing the discussion on ERA guidance with MS to clarify the specific aspects of this guidance before being transformed into a legal text. This guidance will be the basis for applicants when submitting applications for biotech authorization and for MS and EFSA when assessing the environmental risk of biotech plants. 7. Updated guidance for food and feed risk assessment of biotech plants ? EFSA On May 24, 2011, EFSA published updated guidance for the risk assessment of food and feed derived from biotech plants. The document expands on previous EFSA guidance and reflects scientific developments in areas such as assessment of allergenicity and selection of the conventional comparator plant against which the biotech plant is compared. It also establishes a new statistical methodology aimed at strengthening the risk assessment of biotech plants. The European Commission has announced that it will move ahead with a Regulation capturing and imposing this more stringent EFSA guidance. 8. New Plant Breeding Techniques Directive 2001/18/EC provides for a general definition of GMOs. The Directive includes annexes which give additional information regarding the breeding techniques that may or may not result in genetic modification, or that result in genetic modification but yield organisms that are excluded from the scope of the Directive. As agreed by a meeting of the MS? Competent Authorities, in October 2007, the Environment Directorate of the European Commission established an expert Working Group on new breeding techniques (Directive 2001/18/EC) and GMOs under contained use (Directives 90/219/EEC and 98/91/EC). The aim of this exercise is to harmonize MS? interpretation on whether or not newly applied techniques result in a GMO or not. The Working Group is evaluating the following new breeding techniques in light of the most recent scientific data: Zinc Finger Techniques (ZFN) Oligonucleotide-directed Mutagenesis (ODMG) Cisgenesis RNA-dependent DNA-methylation Grafting Reverse Breeding Agroinfiltration 14 Synthetic Biology The Working Group aims to: a. Classify current technologies and ascertain whether they fall under the current definition of a GMO as defined in Directive 2001/18/EC; b. Check if some techniques may be exempted for technical or practical reasons. During the spring of 2010, the Commission?s Health and Consumers Directorate took over the coordination of the Working Group from the Environment Directorate. To date, the Working Group has met nine times and is currently finalizing a technical report that will be presented at a meeting of the MS? competent Authorities. In parallel to this exercise, the Joint Research Center (JRC) has recently finalized a report focusing on those breeding techniques entitled, ?New Plant Breeding Techniques: Adoption and Impact of Policy Options.? The JRC is organizing a closed international policy meeting in Seville on September 12-13, 2011 to which government representatives from Argentina, Australia, Canada, Japan, South Africa and the United States will be invited. The aim of the meeting will be to improve understanding of those countries? classification policy. Clearly, if a product were not to be classified as GM in the United States but were to be in the EU for example, U.S. trade would be significantly impeded. B. Trade Barriers 1. Safeguard clause Where a MS, as a result of new information, has detailed grounds for considering that an approved biotech event constitutes a risk to human health or the environment, the MS may invoke a safeguard clause on the biotech product; its use would be provisionally restricted or prohibited on its territory. The MS must ensure that in the event of a severe risk, emergency measures (including suspension or termination of the placing on the market, and provision of appropriate information to the public) are applied. The MS must immediately inform the Commission and the other MS of actions taken and give reasons for its decision. The MS must provide its review of the environmental risk assessment, indicate whether and how the conditions of the consent should be amended or the consent should be terminated, and, where appropriate, the new or additional information on which its decision is based. In an effort to dissuade MS from abusing the safeguard clause system and to comply with its role as ?Guardian of the Treaties,? the European Commission has developed a package aimed at allowing MS to decide on whether or not to cultivate EFSA approved biotech crops on part or all of their respective territories. Detailed Safeguard Clause by MS and by Event Banned Country Event Banned Scope Date of Ban Austria Bayer T25 corn, Cultivation 2000 (Amended 2008) Monsanto MON 810 corn Cultivation 1999 (Amended 2008) 15 Monsanto GT73 rapeseed Import/Processing 2007 (Amended 2008) Monsanto MON 863 corn Import/Processing 2008 Bayer Ms8 rapeseed Import/Processing 2008 Bayer Rf3 rapeseed Import/Processing 2008 Bayer Ms8XRf3 rapeseed Import/Processing 2008 BASF EH92-527-1 potato Cultivation 2010* Bulgaria Monsanto MON810 Cultivation 2010* France Bayer Rapeseed Topas 19/2 Import/Processing 1998 Bayer MS1XRf1 rapeseed Monsanto MON 810 corn Import/Processing 1998 Cultivation 2008 Germany Syngenta Bt176 corn Cultivation 2000 Monsanto MON 810 corn Cultivation 2009 Greece Bayer Rapeseed Topas 19/2 Import/Processing 1998 Syngenta Bt176 corn Monsanto MON 810 corn Cultivation 1997 Bayer T25 corn Cultivation 2001 Bayer MS1XRf1 rapeseed Import/Processing 1997 Monsanto MON810 corn Import/Processing 1998 Cultivation 2010* Hungary Monsanto MON 810 corn Cultivation 2005 EH92-527-1 Amflora Potato Cultivation/Feeding 2010* Luxemburg Syngenta Bt176 corn Cultivation 1997 Monsanto MON 810 corn Cultivation 2009 Source: FAS Posts *Most recent bans In Austria and Greece, all EU approved biotech crops are banned for cultivation. Greece maintains a zero-tolerance policy for GE cotton seeds for planting, requiring laboratory certification prior to shipment from the United States. Bulgaria?s 2010 biotech law mandates that the Minister of Agriculture initiate a safeguard clause whenever another EU Member State decides to apply a safeguard clause for that same crop on its own territory. The draft law introduced in Parliament in May 2010, which intends to prohibit biotech crops planting in Romania for 5 years, is still under debate. On June 18, 2009, Latvia modified its Law on Circulation of Genetically Modified Organisms to allow local municipalities self-determination on the cultivation of bioengineered crops within their jurisdiction. Since then, eighty-eight percent of Latvian municipalities have either banned or are in the process of banning cultivation of bioengineered crops in response to consumer activism and tacit support from the Ministry of Environment. Hungary amended the legislation governing seed imports in March 2011. Under the new Order of 16 the Minister of Rural Development, each seed lot imported from non-EU countries has to be tested. The former legislation ordered random testing only. For biotech content Hungary declared zero tolerance. The official laboratory of the Central Agricultural Office (MgSzH) declared several corn seed samples positive for biotech DNA content. The Ministry has recently ordered the destruction of 950 hectares of corn and soybean fields planted with the seeds of concern. Italy appears likely to invoke the safeguard clause. For the past decade, Italy has maintained a de facto ban on the cultivation of biotech crops by failing to develop necessary regulations. Observers speculate that Italy will provide some type of evidence to support its request not to cultivate EU- approved biotech crops and that the European Commission will not reject the request even though EFSA has determined that the crops are safe. 2. Policy on Low Level Presence (LLP) Asynchronous approval has resulted in the detection in U.S. shipments to the EU trace amounts of events that have been deregulated for commercial use in food and feed in the United States but not authorized in the EU. The EU?s policy of zero tolerance implies that shipments containing low level presence (LLP) of EU unapproved events are not allowed into the European Union. Although the most significant impact has been on U.S. soy, other products (notably rice and corn products) have also been affected. On February 22, 2011, Member States at the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health (SCoFCAH) endorsed a Commission proposal providing for a ?technical solution? designed to harmonize the implementation of the zero tolerance policy on non-authorized genetically engineered material in feed. The proposal aims at addressing uncertainty faced by EU operators when placing on the market feed based on imports of raw materials from non-EU countries. This technical solution defines the lowest level of GE presence that is considered by the EU Reference Laboratory when validating detection methods, as 0.1 percent. It is limited to GE feed material authorized for commercialization in a non-EU country and for which an EU authorization request for the biotech event in question has been lodged with EFSA for at least three months or of which the authorization has expired. Feed will be considered non-compliant with EU legislation when the presence of this GE feed material is, after due consideration of the margin of error, above the technical zero of 0.1 percent. This draft regulation was subject to the scrutiny of the European Parliament and of the Council for three months following their formal receipt of the draft. In the absence of opposition to the draft from either of those institutions within that time period the draft was adopted (Commission Regulation (EU) No 619/2011) and entered into law from, July 20, 2011. The EU farmer association, COPA-COGECA, had pressed for an end of the EU?s zero tolerance policy prior to the decision to accept the 0.1 percent tolerance threshold. The association is reported 17 to have underlined that, given the bulk handling of grains in international trade, compliance with a zero tolerance policy is impossible. The new rules are still too restrictive. Additionally, it is not possible in practice to separate biotech-based animal feed from biotech seeds and food. As such, zero tolerance could be replaced by a practical tolerance threshold in all three areas. The draft regulation includes a recital stating that the ?? rules should be adapted if this becomes necessary to take account of new developments in particular as regards their impact on the internal market and on food and feed operators.? As such, the Commission has explicitly acknowledged the possibility of including food within the scope of the measure in the future. The Commission?s services have indicated that after the threshold for feed is adopted, the scope will be extended to include food at a later stage. The absence of food within the scope of the new rules clearly implies inter alia that trade in U.S. rice to the EU will continue to be subject to a system of absolute zero tolerance where zero equals zero, and that normal trade levels will be compromised. 3. Socio-Economic aspects of biotech cultivation Commission Report On April 15 2011, in response to the Conclusions of the Environment Council of December 2008, the Commission presented a report to the European Parliament and the Council demonstrating the current limitations in assessing the socio-economic implications of biotech crop cultivation in the EU. More specifically, the report (based on information principally provided by MS) demonstrates that the existing information is often statistically limited and is based upon preconceived ideas about biotech crop cultivation. In the report, the Commission presents an analysis of the socio-economic dimensions of biotech cultivation as reported in the international scientific literature and in the conclusions of research projects funded under the European Framework Program for Research. Since the EU represents only a fraction of global surface dedicated to biotech crops, European experience in the matter is limited. The report asserts that the contributions from MS: ??highlight that the present or future socio-economic impacts of (biotech crop) cultivation in Europe, across the food chain and the society as a whole, are often not analyzed in an objective manner.? As such, the Commission views the report as a starting point for the MS, the Commission, the European Parliament and all interested parties to deepen their reflection on the issue. It considers that discussions should shift from the polarized perceptions documented in the report to a more tangible and objective basis. Therefore, the Commission recommends defining a set of factors and indicators to capture the socio-economic consequences of biotech crop cultivation across the EU and along the food chain. The Commission also suggests initiating a reflection on the potential use of the improved understanding of the socio-economic dimension in the management of biotech crop cultivation. 18 MS Individual Situations on Socio-Economic Criteria France is the only MS with a biotech regulatory framework that includes a socio-economic review of biotech products, in addition to the scientific review. The High Council on Biotechnology, created by the 2008 law on biotechnology, includes both a social, ethical and economic committee and a scientific committee. The governments of Austria, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Sweden favor the use of socio-economic criteria for the approval of GE products. Sweden is interested in keeping the indicative list of grounds to restrict or ban biotech crop cultivation outside the legal act since it believes that many of the grounds are not WTO-compatible. Section IV. Plant Biotechnology Marketing Issues A. Market Acceptance Issues Relating to the Sale of Biotechnology Products There are four categories of MS according to their domestic policy, farmer and industry approaches, and public opinion on biotechnology: GROUP 1 - GE producing MS are the most open to the technology - Czech Republic, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Spain All are producers of GE crops, and farmers and industry welcome the technology. In this group, Poland and Romania are, however, facing potential policy changes towards more restrictive measures, while the other MS have a more pragmatic approach. The Parliament in Poland initiated a restrictive legislative proposal pertaining to agricultural biotechnology. The proposed requirements are expected to prevent planting of modified crops on a commercial scale. New legislation is expected to be completed by early 2012. The livestock sector depends on feed imports from third countries, mainly soybean meal, which in most cases, is genetically modified. Animal producer groups see the need for maintaining the import of feed with biotech content in order to compete within the EU market. Many scientists promote the technology, but are also attacked for their views. There is no resistance from consumers, as this meat produced with GE feed does not have to be labeled. The public opinion is very negative. Very active, well funded, anti-biotech movements exist. Political parties are cautious, being rather on a negative side. Farmers in Romania have difficulty in finding markets for their biotech production. They have to offer it at a significant discount, so that customers will cover expenses they incur in complying with traceability rules (supplementary documents, separate storage, etc). In this way the farmers? profitability is affected. There was once commercial production of GE soybeans before accession to the EU. The current government has, in general, an open attitude towards biotechnology, as well as on decisions being adopted based on scientific opinions and standpoints released by the academic institutions. The Czech Republic recently updated regulations to alleviate the constraints imposed on farmers, 19 especially in terms of notification of their cultivation of GE crops. The manual that explains the rules and changes is available at the following link: http://eagri.cz/public/web/file/48548/AM_03_2010_Zmena_pravidel.pdf. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, most of the GE corn is used as a feedstock for biogas stations. Milk and meat buyers require a statement that the animals were not fed on GE corn. This is not consistent with the fact that the main protein source in feeds in the Czech Republic is soy, which is mainly imported and biotech. Portugal?s perspective on the growing of GE varieties has been traditionally moderate. As a net importer of soybeans and corn for feed, poultry, pork, and feed associations are in favor of increasing imports of GE feed materials. There, however, are organized anti-biotech NGOs with a presence in the media and influence in the Former Environment Ministry, now merged into one with Agriculture, Forests, and Fisheries. Some corn producers with supply contracts with food companies are reticent to the use of biotech varieties because of the complicated and hard to implement segregation measures. Spain, which was traditionally one of the most open MS to biotechnology, abstained in recent votes on biotech products at the EU level. Most of Spain?s farmer associations are in favor of planting biotech crops. Spain is one of the major livestock producers within the EU; its structural shortfall of grains and oilseeds makes its trade, feed and livestock sectors traditional supporters of biotech. Meat produced with GE feed does not have to be labeled, thus there is not a strong reaction from retailers or meat consumers. Sweden did not import biotech products or crops. Since January 2006, however, when the meat industry lifted its ban on biotech feed, small quantities of biotech soy products have been imported. While demand for this product is limited, there is reportedly no negative reaction from the trade. The food processing and retail sectors remain concerned about the possibility of negative consumer reaction and anti-biotech demonstrations. The Finnish meat industry followed the Swedish example and abandoned its ban on biotech feed in 2007. GROUP 2 - MS ready for adoption (positive perception by the industry and the non-opposition by the public opinion) - Benelux, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom In this group, no GE crop is cultivated to date. These countries have a pragmatic approach and other GE crops, which are more appropriate to local markets and natural conditions could be adopted. The Benelux livestock sector depends on feed imports from third countries, mainly soybean meal, which is mainly genetically modified. There is no resistance by consumers as the meat produced with GE feed does not have to be labeled. The Dutch Farmers Organization (LTO) and Belgian Farmers Organization (Boerenbond) are both pragmatic and in favor of planting biotech crops. Both organizations point to the resistance of retailers and consumers towards food products containing biotech components, in particular in export markets such as Germany. The Danish meat industry has long been using GE feed in its animal production. Denmark imports 70 percent of its soybean meal from Argentina. The Ministry of Agriculture in Lithuania appears moving in direction of a science-based policy by its efforts to attract scientific seminars, source scientific publications, and arrange educational opportunities for young professionals in the United States. Additionally, rapeseed producers are vocal supporters of the Ministry?s efforts. 20 In the Netherlands, the government is pragmatic as a significant share of the economy is based on imports. The government differentiates biotech policy for imports and for domestic production. Dutch farmers are generally not in favor of cultivating GE crops. For Sweden, the government is generally considered to be more open to biotechnology than the industry. The UK approach remains pragmatic and science-based with the new government coalition, although not identified as a top priority. Private label dominates the supermarket sector and all retailers have a similar non-biotech policy for their goods. However, given the labeling derogation for animals reared on biotech feed, the majority of soy meal incorporated into swine rations is biotech in origin. Until recently, all private label poultry was fed non-biotech. Asda (Walmart) took the decision to source from members of the Round Table on Responsible Soy and have made sustainability the main factor in sourcing their soy, not non-biotech feed. Other retailers, such as Tesco, are reportedly following suit, incorporating sustainability as part of the normal food chain sourcing protocol. The increasing lack of availability and rising price premiums for non-GE are strong drivers for putting sustainability at the heart of retail sourcing as opposed to the question of GE or non-GE. GROUP 3 - MS with restrictive legislation and hostile opinion, but open farmers and industry - Bulgaria, France, Germany, Ireland, and Latvia These countries do not produce GE crops, but farmers are generally open to the technology. In addition to the extremely restrictive biotech law of 2010, Bulgaria has two other regulations (amendments to the Food Law) that impose extreme requirements on the labeling and ban on sales of foods containing GE products in schools, kindergartens, and nurseries. The ban is valid for all GE products regardless of whether or not they are approved by the European Commission. The Bulgarian livestock sector depends entirely on feed imports from third countries, mainly soybean meal. Since the local livestock industry and consumers are very price sensitive, all imports are genetically modified. There is no resistance by consumers, as this meat produced with GE feed is not labeled. Poultry and Pork Producers Associations are in favor of importing biotech crops as long as this is done quietly and will not hurt animal products sales. However, the public opinion is very negative, and import restrictions are supported by all green and consumer organizations. The media is vocal and does not publish anything in support of biotechnology. Political parties do not support biotechnology and farmer organizations are not united. In the past few years, France has taken various steps to prevent biotech crop cultivation, including the incorporation of the precautionary principle into its Constitution, the Ministry of Ecology taking the lead on biotechnology issues, the incorporation of socio-economic perspectives as part of the official biotech dossiers review, and the national ban on MON810 corn. The industry is divided on the biotechnology issue. The feed and livestock industry is pragmatic and imports biotech soybean and corn derived products, for which demand is high. The public opinion and retailers have significant demands for non-biotech sectors, such as organic and high-end products marketed under Geographical Indications. Most French farmers favor the technology and some consider the national ban on GE corn is affecting their competitiveness. Germany also imposes a national ban on MON810 corn, mainly driven by the Green political forces. 21 The Ministry of Agriculture, however, is open to dialogue with the biotech industry. There is little prospect for near or medium-term acceptance of biotech crops, either from a regulatory or marketing perspective. A whole generation of Germans has grown up under the assumption ? echoed by major political parties, NGOs, and the media ? that biotech crops are bad. Among the political class, biotech crops are recognized ?third rail? that in any political calculus is not counterbalanced ?pro-biotech? forces. The food retail sector is concentrated and reluctant to support biotech policies that might be considered anti-consumer by either NGOs or competitors. The public arguments against biotech crops are shifting, border on urban myth, and are often mixed with anti-capitalist sentiment. The Government of Latvia is openly negative towards biotechnology and encourages local municipalities to consider banning cultivation of crops enhanced through this technology. The agrarian sector is attempting to counter this activism. The livestock industry realizes it needs better access to animal feed, and currently gained approval to import U.S. origin soybeans into the market (after a break of several years due to the country?s zero biotech tolerance policy). Only biotech feed can be found on the Slovenian market. GROUP 4 - MS with the strongest opposition - Austria, Greece, Hungary, and Italy In these countries, biotechnology has a negative image in the public opinion, national policies are restrictive, and the industry is not open to the technology. In these MS, the image of plant biotechnology was damaged principally by the binary approach by activists and the industry. The industry was discouraged to produce and use GE products, thus resulting in an official cultivation ban, and little to no research. Austria remains one of the leading forces within the EU against agricultural biotechnology. The Gene Technology Act, its amendments, and pertaining orders


text:
You will get-100% FREE Music and Audio uploads with no time limits
Unlimited Streaming of Music and Audio
Store an Unlimited amount of Music and Audio to your account
Download your favorite Music and Audio for free!
Create your own customized profile
Experience YourListen.com completely ad free for only $4 a month. Upgrade your account today!
Share this audio on Facebook and get a FREE Premium account with YourListen.com
Or go Premium without Sharing for only $4 per month
This music and or audio is not accessible due to copyright violations ."www.mediafire.com/?jxhj8s8ajm1r0ac [ FN� ..." has been removed due to a copyright notification. Keep exploring! You can find more similar and music and audio here -
FANIA VENUE Bar Lounge KEMANG
www.mediafire.com/?jxhj8s8ajm1r0ac [ FNâ"¢ 060815 ]
Licence : All Rights Reserved

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Already have an account? Log in
Sign up now to see prices in your local store.
8 sets of 4 mini waffles. USDA organic. Start you morning with our delightful Central Market Organics Mini Homestyle Waffles. The light texture and mildly sweet toasted flavor offers a crisp outside and a warm tender inside. Made with organic wheat flour and an excellent source of iron, our waffles are perfect for smaller hands, growing bodies, and hungry stomachs! Certified organic by Quality Assurance International. Product of Canada.
Always refer to the actual package for the most accurate information
Facebook and Twitter ready
Facebook ready


text:
What is Oprah's ONE regret?
Can you believe Oprah is 60?
Wow, I'm sitting here in shock! She's such a beautiful spirit so alive with excitement on a day to day basis!
Watch this:
"The best part is being free and doing whatever you want"
I LOVE Oprah!!! <3 Who else agrees with her? What is your biggest regret? What is your biggest triumph?


text:
|Mrs Bardsley
|Marriage Guidance Councillor
|First appearance
|23rd October 1996
|Number of appearances
|Played by
|Su Douglas
Mrs Bardsley was a marriage guidance councillor who arbitrated with Jim and Liz McDonald after their marriage hit the rocks. In February 1996, Jim and Liz had attended an army reunion where one of the other guests was Johnny Johnson, an old mate of Jim's. However he found out that Johnny and Liz had had a fling some years before and, furious with her, hit her and dumped her by the roadside, driving off and leaving her.
Liz demanded a divorce and took possession of the house, changing the locks in the process but Jim smashed his way in and was arrested. After continuing to harass Liz, he was found guilty of violating his bail conditions and sent to Strangeways Jail for three weeks. Jim came out of the prison in a calmer frame of mind but soon afterwards his mother Maisie McDonald died and Liz demanded a share of the four thousand pounds she left him in her will as part of the divorce settlement. It was this latter demand that led to the arbitration failing when Liz riled Jim to the point where he walked out of the room.


text:
Today, after several years of having her help me out by doing household chores, I bought my fifteen-year-old daughter a new pair of jeans. Her reaction was to squeal, "Master has presented Dobby with clothes. Dobby is free!" FML
It's in the can!Hey, you uploaded your photo, and you're cute as a kitten!900%
Keen reader – Level: godlike ninjaYou have voted for 100% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.2%
Keen reader – Level: master ninjaYou have voted for 50% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.5%
Keen reader – Level: student ninjaYou have voted for 15% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.16%
The return of the thumbYou have thumbed 5000 comments.0%
The thumb strikes backYou have left your thumbprint on 2500 comments.0%
MobilityYou are connected to FML via the mobile site or an app. How modern.13,600%
I moderated this!In "Moderate the FMLs", you voted Yes on a story that was subsequently published. Well done!100%
Up and coming moderatorIt's nice of you to help us sort out the submissions, using FML's moderate feature.13,900%
Who's the fairest of them all?This is now the third time you've changed your profile pic.333%
I agree, my mouse works.200 "I agree" votes is a good start.465%
YDI MasterYou made your 500th "You deserved it" vote.32%
JudgmentalYou have voted "You deserved it" over 100 times.161%
50 favoritesLove knows no boundaries. You've already added 50 FMLs to your favourites list!84%
Consolation prizeYour FML was denied. We had to at least give you a badge to cheer you up a bit.100%
50 quality commentsClicking to reply to a comment is a worthy thing to do. To do so without getting buried afterwards is even worthier.58%
A new thumbYou've used your thumb on 1000 comments.44%
100 kick-ass comments100 of your comments are neither buried or moderated. Popular is your middle name!53%
One more and it's business timeYou've received 68 Hugs on your profile. Kinky.1%
Today, I found out that my boyfriend is afraid of female orgasms. Right as I was about to climax, he panicked, pulled out, and ran into the bathroom. FML
Today, I was making love to my boyfriend, when he said "I love you, baby." I told him to go deeper, but instead of doing so, he decided to completely kill the mood by stopping and saying it again in a Barry White type voice. FML
Today, I was so baked out of my mind that I argued with my parakeet over who farted. I could be wrong, but I think I lost the argument. Worse still, my boyfriend had been standing in the doorway long enough to hear everything, even me farting. FML
Today, I woke up to shuffling noises coming from downstairs. Suspecting the worst, I jumped out of bed, and whispered over my shoulder for my girlfriend to stay quiet. Only after going downstairs and taking a swing in the dark with my bat did I figure out it was just my girlfriend foraging for snacks. FML


text:
Silk Pocket Square - GoldWell & Truly
Tuck a silk square in your jacket pocket and immediately you are transformed. Your gait will be that much more jaunty. Passers by will gaze appreciatively. The helmet motif reminds Mark of the heady days in the early noughties when he roared around town on a motorbike.
Printed and made in the traditional English silk capital of Macclesfield.
- Made in the UK
- 100% silk


text:
This article is a disambiguation page for EMP grenade
The following is a list of links to pages that might share a similar or identical title.
Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
EMP grenade may refer to:
- EMP grenade (DX), the EMP grenade in Deus Ex
- EMP grenade (DXIW), the EMP grenade in Deus Ex: Invisible War
- EMP grenade (DXHR), the EMP grenade in Deus Ex: Human Revolution
- Grenades and Mines (DXMD), the EMP grenade in Deus Ex: Mankind Divided


text:
Laugh Like a German
Schadenfreude: It's pleasure derived from the misfortunes of others. How better to escape your own life than to watch, say, a film about a man living in his parents' house and misguidedly trying to score the heart of a socially awkward Selma Blair? Throw in Christopher Walken and Mia Farrow as the parents, and Dark Horse is a shoo-in for best life-reliever. The film presents the common "toy-collecting, man-childish underdog-meets-depressive-beauty" theme at its finest. Director and storyteller Todd Solondz, known for creating misanthropic worlds in his films, uses a complicated formula to relay his dark comedy: switching from dream to reality, shifting points of view, and overpowering scenes with internal dialogue. The pudgy protagonist is played by Jordan Gelber, and his angry yet innocuous character believes that the world, especially his parents, has cheated him out of the life he deserves.
Tue., Aug. 14, 7:15 & 9 p.m., 2012
Related Location
1130 Washington Ave.
Miami Beach, FL 33139
Get the Things to Do Newsletter
Sign up for our weekly guide to events in Miami, and never be bored again. With suggestions for every day of the week, our recommendations will keep you busy on any budget.
Popular Stories
Upcoming Events
Premios Tu Mundo
TicketsThu., Aug. 24, 8:00pm
Looking for Summer Tour
TicketsFri., Aug. 25, 7:00pm
Friday Night Live
TicketsFri., Aug. 25, 9:00pm
The Spotlight
TicketsFri., Aug. 25, 10:00pm
Sponsor Content


text:
3D Pop-Up Dinosaur Cookie Cutters
Cookie cutters that make flat cookies are so common they can get pretty boring at times, but here's a set of cookie cutters that are able to create dinosaur-shaped cookies that pop-up to life in 3D form.
This is a bunch of cookie cutters that are able to cut cookie dough just like other cookie cutters. The difference is that the cookies that are produced do no simply lay flat but in 3D form and standing just like a really cool toy.
What these 3D dinosaur cookie cutters do is to simply allow one to cut shapes from cookie dough similar to simple 3D puzzle pieces, and when baked they can then be assembled into standing forms that do quite resemble their prehistoric counterparts. This also means just a little more fun for the recipient of the cookies in addition to a tasty treat.
A cool set of cookie cutters that will be perfect for special occasions like birthday parties.
The 3D pop-up dinosaur cookie cutters come in 4 designs, triceratops, stegosaurus, brachiosaurus, and T-Rex and retails for $12.99 per design from Perpetual Kid.


text:
Central Employment Exchange Recruitment 2017-2018
Central Employment Exchange has issued a notice for recruitment of different posts. Different types of technical jobs are free in Central Employment Exchange. All those job fighters who have desire to have this job may apply for Central Employment Exchange Recruitment 2017-2018 Advertisement.
Organisation name
Central Employment Exchange
No. of vacancies
Name of the post and vacancies
Name Of The Post Vacancies Pay Scale
Electric Supervisor 1 Rs. 5200-20200/- + GP
Occupational Therapist 3 Rs. 9300-34800/- + GP
Eudiometry Technician 1 Rs. 9300-34800/- + GP
Senior Technical Assistant 1 Rs. 5200-20200/- + GP
T-3 Laboratory Technician 2 Rs. 5200-20200/- + GP
T-3 Technical Assistant 1 Rs. 5200-20200/- + GP
Academic Records
All those applicants who want to get this job should have Diploma/Degree/Graduate in related field to the desire post.
Age Limitation Details
Age of the candidates should be:
For post-1: 25 years
For post-2, 3: 21 years to 28 years
For post-4, 5, 6: 18 years to 30 years
How to apply
All those applicants who want to be a part of this organisation may apply for central employment exchange advertisement. To applying for these jobs you will have to send the application form in prescribed performa at the address according to the desire post:
Posts Address
For post-1 Director, CIFNET Govt. of India, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin-16
For post-2 & 3 Dy. Director (Admn.), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi.
For post-4 Director, Central Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institute, Tractor Nagar, Budni (M.P.)-466445
For post-5 & 6 Director, ICAR, Coimbatore-641007 (Tamilnadu).
Important date
Last date to receipt application is 09-09-2017-2018.
Closing date to receipt application from far flung areas is 16-09-2017-2018.
Note: For more details you may visit the official site Click Here…


text:
FIMO Tree
- Varies
- Advanced
Additional Information
- 1 pkg. each – Fimo® Clay – Green & Brown for tree & trunk
- Small amounts of various colors for ornaments
- Small detailing tools
1. Shape 1 package of green Fimo® Clay into a 4"? cone shape.
2. Pinch bottom edge to flair out.
3. Roll a 3/4"? ball from the brown clay and center tree on top.
4. Roll various colors of clay into small balls and press onto tree for ornaments.
5. Shape a star from white clay and place on top of tree.
6. Follow manufacturer's directions and bake.


text:
Sorry, Sold Out
Read all reviews / Add your review
Sorry, Sold Out
Order over the phone: Call 1-800-918-6308 Product #: SYN2400101
Delectably firm and curved into a g-spot loving shape enhanced by a sexily scooped-out tip, the Perfect Touch Satisfy-Her vibe from Synergy Erotic doubles as not only a fantastically precise penetration tool, but also a wonderfully effective clitoral stimulator.
Sleekly metallic and purposefully smooth, the Satisfy skims and glides over, in around around sweet spots inside or out, lavishing lots of unrelentingly steady, multi-speed vibration wherever it lands.
Blissfully swollen at the top portion, the tapered shaft reaches nice and deep, naturally hugging the upper vaginal wall and g-spot- thanks to the sturdy texture, firm massage of the G is a breeze.
To experience the Satisfy-Her's notable clitoral pleasure potential, simply flip the vibe around and employ that subtly indented tip.
However it's being enjoyed, this vibe is ultra manageable, easily held in hand via a thickly ribbed base- the five gradually intensifying speeds of vibration are varied easily with a single push button placed just past the midpoint.
Of a 100% phthalate free and body friendly ABS plastic material, the Satisfy-Her is refreshingly low maintenance in terms of care, to clean, simply wipe with warm soapy water or take advantage of a good toy cleansing fluid.
Compatible with all lubricant types and fully waterproof.
Requires 2 AAA batteries (sold separately).
We help people have amazing sexual experiences, become better lovers, and explore their sexuality by providing a fun and discreet way to shop for adult toys online
1) We understand your privacy concerns. Therefore we have:
2) We are an online retailer, allowing us to give you discount rates and a completely anonymous shopping experience:
3) We do everything we can to make your shopping experience outstanding:
4) We are STRONGLY against toxic and harmful materials commonly found in adult toys. Meaning:
Phone: 1-800-918-6308
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Chat: Bottom right of screen
Simple brown boxes and plain envelopes are used for all deliveries. The shipping labels and return address are for our warehouse addresses and do not indicate the contents or origin. All billing is done under our anonymous company name MBS Retail Ltd. (For North American customers the credit card line may show as either "MBS Retail Ltd." or "SP International Ltd.")
Your personal information is 100% safe and guaranteed when shopping on Simpli Pleasure.com
We use a 256-bit encryption through Shopify and Geotrust to provide you with the safest shopping environment online.
We do not store any of your payment inormation on our server. All of our payments are done through Paypal Payments Pro.
They enable us to provide you with the most secure form of payment processing online. Your information is guaranteed safe and secured through Paypals incredible security protocols.
We typically provide four (sometimes more) measurements for our toys.
Length: The vertical length of the toy from the two farthest reaching points
Insertable Length: The length of the toy designed to be safely inserted
Width (or diameter): The distance across the toys girth
Girth (or circumference): Our measure of a toys thickness, in circumference
Enjoy Our Hassle Free Returns!
Was your product defective? Don't worry! We offer hassle free returns on all defective products sent out.
Fast Customer Support
If you have any questions or concerns please call a live rep at 1-800-918-6308!
Safe & Secure Shopping Guarantee
All information is encrypted and transmitted without risk using a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol provided by McAfee Secure & Shopify SSL.
100% Discreet Shipping & Billing
There's no need to worry about nosy neighbors! All of our billing is anonymous and our shipping comes in plain boring brown boxes. You won't even know it's a sex toy!


text:
No Tickets Left?
Provide Your Contact Information Below
07/22/14 8:00pm – Puss N Boots: Norah Jones, Sasha Dobson & Catherine Popper
See All Norah Jones Events
The Ballroom at The Outer Space
July 22, 2014, Tuesday @ 8:00pm
With millions of fans nationwide, Ticket Monster
is your destination for exclusive discounts on
sports, concerts, and theater tickets.
Sign up and never miss a deal!
Enter your email address and we will send you an email with instructions on how to reset your password.


text:
Raspberry Cheese Spread
8 oz. pkg. pasteurized process cheese spread, grated 16 oz. cheddar cheese, grated 4 green onions, chopped 1/2 cup chopped pecans 1/3 cup mayonnaise type salad dressing raspberry jam
Combine all ingredients together except for the jam. Press into desired shape or a plastic wrap lined mold. Chill until firm. remove from mold and spread with jam. Serves 8 to 10 Source: Pamela Carroll, Weimar, TX


text: Nanbawan - Unregistered May 25, 2009 1:16 AM Well done Seb ! Hope it bodes for the best. I don't entirely agree with the article, Bourdais has certainly been outpaced in qualification by the young and talented Buemi yet he's had relatively good race pace and consistency but in the shadows... Buemi is a sprinter, SeaBass is rather an endurance runner. Don't read me wrong, his season is not satisfying this far but I think he's also been mistreated by the media and has been heavily and unfairly criticized even in his home country where he unfortunately enjoys little support... Ironically, Montagny, his team mate at Peugeot but former rival when Renault chose their test driver is one trhe few to have had kind words for Bourdais. 16 agree 0 disagree


text:
I logged onto my girlfriend's social media account and found her chatting with another male, they talked for a while and it was obvious he was flirting with her. He knew about me and brought me up in conversation and she just made me seem like a whatever. He then gave her his number and she is now texting him. She has no knowledge that I know, help please!
Most Helpful Girl
Most Helpful Guy
That's really not a good sign. You have reasons to be worried. This behavior indicates that she might be losing interest in you but hasn't gone to level of breaking up with you yet, so she is just looking for company.
You need to see how her actions, her behavior is around you, does she seem happy? is she still curious about you? to know things about you? does she still take interest in your life as before?
If the answers to the above questions are "NO", then you have reasons to be worried and she might be drifting away from you.00|00|0


text:
To the Editor:
''Looking for Hope in an Apartheid Monster's Eyes'' (front page, May 10), about the search for forgiveness and understanding by a victim of apartheid, is a reminder of the effectiveness of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in moving South Africa, against all odds, from an oppressive regime to a democracy.
The painful procedure of forging such a commission, building a process for listening to testimony from those who had tortured and killed, thus reliving much of the horror, led to a cleansing that has allowed South Africa to grow as a peaceful and just society. Might not such a commission, adapted to circumstances in Iraq, help that country's transition from tyranny to democracy?
Pentwater, Mich., May 11, 2003Continue reading the main story


text: Sorting type: Most visited Most visited Alphabetical | Pages in category "Franchise templates" " Transformers Animated Animated " Age of Extinction Aoe " Armada Armada " Beast Machines Bm " Beast Wars Bw " Beast Wars II Bw2 " Beast Wars Neo Bwn " Classics Classics " Cybertron Cybertron " Dark of the Moon Dotm " Energon Energon " Fall of Cybertron Foc " Generation 1 G1 " Generation 2 G2 " live-action film series Laf " Super-God Masterforce Masterforce Back 1 2 Next Retrieved from "http://transformers.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Franchise_templates?oldid=366211" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Category: Templates


text:
Sometimes all you need is that one person who can make you feel ten times younger.
[cover credits to radtasticmike]
Calumssluttt Jul 26, 2016
Is it bad that this is the 20th time I read this book, because it su good? lol💕💕
-dangers Jun 17, 2016
CaptainDKirk May 19, 2016
Oh hey making fun of stupid cartoon characters is my daily routine with my son 😂😂
Inky_With_L3ggz Apr 01, 2016
I got excited and thought Michael was going to be the mother because he is the baby of the fam and Ashton daddy but Luke is the sexy beast that's under your bed at night and then Callem is the Asian one that's Australian I have no other word
jjongdae Dec 21, 2015
I thought that michael was the little kid in red in the cover. Fml
- Oct 27, 2015
i am from colombia and read this is a somewhat complicated endeavor but I love your novel <3


text:
The 2016 Mirai is a oddly styled, nearly mid-size sedan, and Toyota's first hydrogen fuel-cell-powered car sold in North America. Toyota strongly feels those hydrogen fuel cells, not lithium-ion batteries, will power the zero-emission vehicles it plans to build between now and 2050. We are providing here the complete details about Toyota Air Car Mirai New Model 2016 Price in Pakistan with Specs Features and Review.
You can view the Mirai as the first draft of Toyota's vision of the future, just as the very first Prius in 1997 was its first effort at the hybrid technology that's now the core of its Prius lineup of several vehicles today.
Toyota Air Car Mirai New Model 2016 Price in Pakistan with Specs Features and Review
- It can hit 111 mph, go from 0-62 mph in 9.6 seconds, and, most importantly of all, has a range of around 300 miles enough to get you from Watford to Carlisle on a single tank. The ultra-strong carbon-fiber tanks can be filled in around ten minutes.
- Of course, if you mention hydrogen as a means to power transportation, many people will think of the Hindenburg, the airship which exploded in a vast ball of flames over New Jersey in 1937. The next problem is where you are going to fill it up.
- You will need to find your nearest hydrogen filling station, and at the moment there are only 12 in the UK, with none further north than Sheffield. Some predict that there will be 65 of these stations by 2020, and it will cost around £65 to fill up.
- questions of cost and infrastructure can always be solved by governments creating incentives — offering buyers grants, and even providing the hydrogen free.
Toyota Air Car Mirai
|Do you want to sell This ?
|Do you want to Buy ?


text:
With First Tutors: Music you can find a Keston conducting teacher. Conducting lessons are an excellent way to learn a fun new hobby, acquire a new talent and gain confidence in conducting. Use our site to search for Keston conducting tutors and select which best matches your requirements so you can begin your conducting tuition in Keston straight away!
This is the fastest way to contact Keston conducting tutors in the UK, helping you find Keston conducting lessons close to home and Keston tutors to help with any instrument such as piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Keston conducting tuition or a one-to-one Keston conducting teacher to prepare for conducting grades and improve your conducting skills! We order Keston conducting teachers near you according to their tuition charges and distance from you.
If you are a conducting tutor wishing to offer your conducting lessons in Keston or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or learn about us here. Becoming a Keston conducting tutor is a wonderful way to improve your own knowledge through giving conducting tuition while helping others, all in the Keston area!


text:
Posted by anonymous
Ours was an extremely complicated bankruptcy case involving multiple national law firms and local bankruptcy law firms, all of great repute. Everyone was an advocate for their client in a bitterly contested drama over a vast range of asset issues. We emerged successfully, paying debts 100% in full, with the sage legal guidance of Mr. Fuqua. He helped in structuring our assets and their partial liquidation. While our case only involved assets of middle range seven figures achieved over a ten year period, Mr. Fuqua treated us equally to his far larger clients who have much greater businesses. We came to understand why Mr. Fuqua is considered one of the finest bankruptcy attorneys practicing in Houston. Importantly, Mr. Fuqua's staff is comprised of many fine individuals who are brilliant in their own areas of expertise and support Mr. Fuqua spectacularly. Giving the support staff due recognition is well deserved. I have 40 years of business experience and can count this man at the top among the many pinnacles of brilliant minds I have encountered and he is one from whom I have gratefully learned much. He earned our trust and he has forever our friendship. Subsequent to your initial visit with Mr. Fuqua, you will be grateful you followed my advice. Engage this fine attorney to protect you. For business sensitivities, we remain anonymous but Mr. Fuqua can share our story with you should he elect.


text:
We are a Gold Coast based building company who have been creating homes for people for more than 30 years. We do what we do because we love it and are firm believers in designing homes that people love to live in.
Our culture sequatinor ipsum, neavida nibh vel velit sollicitudin, lorem quis bibendum auctor, nisi elit consequatinor ipsum, nec sagittis sem nibh id elit. Odio sit amet nibh vulpe cursus Premier Corp Auris. Morbi accumsan ipsum velit. Nam sllus accumsan ipsum en esora cano buenes eso vulpe carequis neque. Suspendisse in orci enim.Read More
Our philosophy is based on good design and working with the land rather than against it. When designing we consider the aspect and the natural surroundings — sun position and shade, breezes and water drainage are critical details in forming our decisions.
Our mission is to create homes that people love living in. We work extremely hard in crafting a home that meets your needs and will last for many years to come.
This home is positioned under eight magnificent gum trees It's name pronounced muh'-lah-wah — is an Aboriginal word meaning "in the shade of the trees." The sliding doors can be fully opened to allow the cool breeze to flow through making this house air-con free.
Some of our favourite finishes we love combining stone, timber and steel.
Built on screw piers over the small lake this home provides endless enjoyment from the migrating birds and local turtles.
A keen surfer and someone who loves what he does! Clint started by working alongside Jeff. He has now taken over the company and has completed a stable of his own projects on the Gold Coast including: The Observatory Estate at Reedy Creek, the prestigious Lakes Estate in Currumbin Valley, Benogin Homes and Tallebudgera Residences.
Alanna mainly handles the contracts and keeps everything ticking along. But with a great knowledge of the building industry Alanna's experience is invaluable when it comes to cost effective and innovative solutions that will keep the project within your budget.
Jeff Dray is a master builder with 25 years experience. Jeff has left a mark in the stunning award winning eco-friendly estate of Mudgeeraba Forest and Tallebudgera Park Estate, becoming renowned for his uniquely designed houses. Jeff has now put down the tools and channels his craft into creating new home designs that continue to surprise.
PO Box 3501, Burleigh Town, Queensland, Australia, 4220
Phone: 0414 769 982
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Facebook: facebook.com/creativehomes


text:
|Page (1) of 1 - 04/12/12
|email article
|print page
Expert: Shredding priest list 'obstruction cubed'Trial expert: Shredding list of 35 accused Philadelphia priests 'obstruction of justice cubed'
Page: 1
Related Keywords:Priest Abuse-Trial, Obstruction of justice, Crimes against children, Crime, General news, Christianity, Religion, Social affairs, Legal proceedings, Law and order, Religious issues, Social issues
Source:Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.. All Rights Reserved


text:
NOFX - Best God In Show (Lyrics) MP3
Lyrics to 'Best God In Show', by NOFX.
Nofx - Best God In Show /w Lyrics MP3
NOFX - The Best God In Show MP3
Coaster 2009 (EN) « I'd like to see what morning looks like, don't wanna drink pint after pint. I wanna wake up without feeling sick, but I can't cuz I'm a ...
Best God in Show (lyrics) MP3
Brilliant song from NOFX's 2009 Coaster album.
NOFX Best God In Show MP3
I was bored on a Friday and made this, Its my first attempt at doing this, hope it works and someone likes it.
Best god In Show MP3
Artist: NOFX Album: Coaster Song: Best god In Show Sums it up nicely, eh? You will now purchase album, yes?
40人格 NOFX Best God In Show (cover) MP3
NOFX - Best God in Show MP3
Another hit from Nofx . Enjoy.
NOFX - Best God In Show bass cover MP3
whoops, forgot to strum. Add the band I'm in on myspace: http://www.myspace.com/teartheplaceapart add me on facebook: ...
Best God In Show MP3
Provided to YouTube by Sony Music Entertainment Best God In Show · NOFX Coaster ℗ 2009 Fat Wreck Chords Released on: 2009-04-28 Associated ...
NOFX - Best God In Show (cover) MP3
Here I am playing Best God In Show by NOFX.
NOFX Best God in Show. MP3
NOFX Best God in Show. http://www.antitheists.co.uk http://www.facebook.com/antitheists.
NOFX: "Best God in Show" (Lyrics In Description) MP3
Artist-NOFX Album-Coaster Song-Best God in Show ALL RIGHTS Go To NOFX *Lyrics* I have no consideration Zero mutual respect For billions who suffer from ...
NOFX - Best God In Show (Acoustic Cover) MP3
Acoustic cover of Best God In Show by NOFX. I do not own the rights to this song.
NOFX Best god in show - legendado pt MP3
Best God in Show - NOFX (drum cover) MP3
Getting a little better at Sony Vegas :) NOFX - Best God in Show is the copyrighted property of its owner(s). http://www.facebook.com/diegovskyy ...
nofx best god in show sub español MP3
aqui les dejo otra rola subtitulada para los amantes de la buena musica. no olviden suscribirse y compartir, tambien comenten para saber en que puedo ...
NOFX - Best God In Show (Traducida al Español) MP3
Traducción de la canción Best God In Show perteneciente a la legendaria banda de Punk-Rock NOFX ¡Disfruten! Copyright © All Rights Reserved. NOFX.
Best God In Show x Young Kadeer MP3
Music by NOFX - Best God In Show.
Jerry Skids - Best God In Show MP3
As my voice began to cut out I covered this NOFX song about how silly people believe in magical fairy tales and all that nonsense...
Best God In Show MP3
me playing Best God In Show by NOFX. Enjoy!
NOFX: Best God In Show MP3
Here's a video I made a few years ago. It's for the song Best God In Show by the band NOFX. The song and video explain how I feel about people who worship ...
Best In Show - God Loves a Terrier MP3
God Loves A Terrier - Cute segment from the movie Best In Show.
Eminem - Rap God (Explicit) MP3
Download Eminem's 'MMLP2' Album on iTunes now:http://smarturl.it/MMLP2 Credits below Video Director: Rich Lee Video Producer: Justin Diener Video ...
Rap God
EminemLook, I was gonna go easy on you not to hurt your feelings But I'm only going to get this one chance Something's wrong, I can feel it (Six minutes, Slim Shady, you're on) Just a feeling I've got, like something's about to happen, but I don't know what If that means, what I think it means, we're in trouble â big trouble â and if he is bananas as you say, I'm not taking any chances You are just what the Doctor ordered I'm beginning to feel like a Rap God, Rap God All my people from the front to the back nod, back nod Now who thinks their arms are long enough to slapbox, slapbox? They said I rap like a robot, so call me Rapbot But for me to rap like a computer must be in my genes I got a laptop in my back pocket My pen'll go off when I half-cock it Got a fat knot from that rap profit Made a living and a killing off it Ever since Bill Clinton was still in office With Monica Lewinsky feeling on his nut-sack I'm an MC still as honest But as rude and indecent as all hell Syllables skill-a-holic (Kill 'em all with) This slickety-gippety-hippity-hip-hop You don't really wanna get into a pissing match with this rapp[...]
LEWIS BLACK : In God We Rust full show - Best comedians ever MP3
LEWIS BLACK : in god we rust full show.
TOP 10 BEST Got Talent auditions EVER IN THE HISTORY! 2015 Global MP3
The top 10 best got talent auditions EVER IN THE HISTORY! Global! *This is my personal point of view, and, certainly, very different from some of yours. Please ...
America's Got Talent 2014 TOP 10 (First Auditions) MP3
Feel free 2 contact me: https://www.facebook.com/richynicefamily http://www.richynice.com I made this compilation for entertainment purpose only. I do not own ...
Forgotten God [Megacon 2015 - Best in Show Winner] MP3
SUBSCRIBE ▻▻ http://bit.ly/SubAzn777 CHANNEL ▻▻ http://bit.ly/TheAsian777 TWITTER ▻▻http://bit.ly/TwtAzn777 My second AMV. I decided to focus more ...
Top 10 Best auditions Britain's got talent 2015 (part 1) MP3
Per Hour with Youtube Marketing, Get Started Now http://tinyurl.com/omjz98d 10) OK WorldWide - dancing group 9) Henry - singer 1:18 8) Matt McCreary ...
Gerry and Cookie Fleck - God Loves A Terrier MP3
Gerald and Cookie Fleck sing one of their earlier songs for some friends, before they made it big. I do not own any portion of the contained footage and it is ...


text:
Trippin'Favorites [+]
Pay-Per-Minute Viewing
You can now enjoy this movie on your iPhone®, iPad®, or compatible Smart TV & Android devices.
Purchase Options
Pay-Per-MinutePurchase Minutes
Streaming Rentals
Available MP4 sizes:SD 480p (1.62 GB)
DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 106 minutes
Released: 04/2011
Studio Name: Daring Media
Director: Dawn
Description: Ever been into a club-late night where all girls are lookin' nice and hot, where everybody hunts for adventure, there where fantasies become true, where girls become victims of themselves. Let yourself be carried away by the music thru the night, there where the beat goes on till Dawn!
9 Scenes from Trippin'
Trippin': Scene 1 Free Preview
Starring: Marcel Lee Cindy Dollar ... More Details
Stars: Marcel Lee, Cindy Dollar
Positions: Standing Doggy Style, Standing, Standing Missionary
Trippin': Scene 2 Free Preview
Starring: Aleska Diamond ... More Details
Stars: Aleska Diamond
Sex Acts: Masturbation
Trippin': Scene 3 Free Preview
Starring: Dieter Von Stein Gioia Biel ... More Details
Stars: Dieter Von Stein, Gioia Biel
Positions: Standing Side Saddle, Standing Doggy Style, Standing, Sitting
Trippin': Scene 4 Free Preview
Starring: Bianca Bruni ... More Details
Stars: Bianca Bruni
Sex Acts: Toy Play - Vaginal, Modeling, Masturbation, Toy Play - Oral
Trippin': Scene 5 Free Preview
Starring: Lea Tyron ... More Details
Stars: Lea Tyron
Sex Acts: Modeling, Masturbation
Trippin': Scene 6 Free Preview
Starring: Leslie Taylor Aleska Diamond ... More Details
Stars: Leslie Taylor, Aleska Diamond
Positions: Standing Doggy Style, Standing Cowgirl, Standing, Standing Reverse Cowgirl
Trippin': Scene 7 Free Preview
Starring: Cindy Dollar Tea Jul (f) ... More Details
Stars: Cindy Dollar, Tea Jul (f)
Sex Acts: Breast Play, Masturbation, Vaginal Sex
Positions: Standing, Sitting, Crouching/Squatting
Trippin': Scene 8 Free Preview
Starring: Peaches ... More Details
Stars: Peaches
Sex Acts: Modeling, Masturbation
Trippin': Scene 9 Free Preview
Starring: Lauro Giotto Cindy Hope ... More Details
Stars: Lauro Giotto, Cindy Hope
Positions: Standing Side Saddle, Standing Doggy Style, Standing Cowgirl, Standing
Settings: Hallway
Recommended Movies
AEBN Cams