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My boyfriend and I were dating on-and-off for eight years when he finally asked me to marry him.
Our high-school and university years were plagued with tumultuous break-ups, but I spent every ounce of my energy fighting for our relationship.
I met the love of my life two days after my 17th birthday and three months after my mother died. He pursued me with gusto. At first I lacked interest, but he kept on pushing.
Our relationship began to move quickly. He showed up at my door almost every night bearing chocolates and flowers. His shoulder proved a comfortable place to cry, and when I needed to escape my broken family, his car got us anywhere we wanted to go.
We dated for three months, then he broke up with me after Valentine's Day. Our relationship had become too intense for him, and he couldn't see himself getting so serious at the tender age of 18.
I didn't leave my house for days. I moped for weeks. Months passed before I felt like dating again. Still, I never gave up hope he would find his way back to me.
It took 10 months for that day to come. This time I was a lot needier and more insecure. We dated for six months but again he broke it off.
Our on-again, off-again courtship continued for five more years, kept alive by our chance reunions in bars and on the street. By the time we reached our mid-20s, we were at a crossroads: Either the relationship would need to go beyond the dating phase or we would have to end it for good. We began to plan our future together.
From the time I was 3 or 4, I had dreamt about a big, beautiful wedding. I knew exactly what I wanted - the dress, the bridesmaids, the cake. The only question mark was the groom. That taken care of, all that was left was the wedding.
Our engagement coincided with my being transferred to another city for work. We took turns travelling to see each other every weekend. I was sure my dream wedding would come together in the end.
My fiancé warned me that a large, traditional Jewish wedding might not be viable. His parents' ugly divorce had overshadowed most of the big events in his life. I convinced him a wedding planner could ease any conflicts.
The first thing we needed to do was find a venue. My family wanted a synagogue, but since my husband-to-be's family was not religious we decided on a hotel with a garden ceremony - ducks swimming in the pond included - and a gala kosher reception for 300 of our closest friends and family.
My mother had talked about how she planned to take me to New York to buy my wedding dress. I settled on the next best thing. My best friend and I stayed with my cousin in Manhattan, and we found the perfect dress in Brooklyn.
Two months before the wedding, I moved back. I took care of the bridesmaids' dresses, the flowers, the invitations. The ceremony became a point of contention. We needed to tread carefully when planning the procession and the chuppah (a small cover the bride's and groom's parents stand under). Our wedding planner came up with an idea, but it was vetoed when we proposed it to family members.
My husband was beginning to realize my dream wedding would need to be altered, and he wanted me to see the same thing. One day he came home with an idea - we could have a giant chuppah with our whole wedding party under it. Now the dream was becoming a circus.
Emotions were running high on both sides and we were constantly fighting. I could only envision the day in black and white, and I wanted him to see it from my perspective. After all, it was my wedding - my dream wedding.
Bit by bit, everything began to fall apart. How could we make a marriage work when we could not even plan a wedding? I was weighing my options when my fiancé said, "You need to decide what is more important - a life with me or your dream wedding." The wedding was just the means to an end, and the end I had fought so hard for all these years was him.
We decided to cancel the wedding reception. We would have the ceremony in the rabbi's office with immediate family. We repaid all our debts and returned one super-pouffy dress purchased in Brooklyn. We told family members the disappointing news.
I cried for a week, mourning my dream. Our wedding planner became our wedding therapist. She reminded me she had had a dream wedding, with not so dreamy a divorce. I found great comfort in this. My husband promised that for our 10-year anniversary we could renew our vows with all the elements of a big wedding.
That day recently came and passed. My wedding day was not the best day of my life, but the births of my three children were. Our home is filled with hugs and kisses and more than I could have dreamed. We are way too busy to renew our vows, and it's not that important any more. Maybe we'll do it after 25 years.
A wedding lasts one night. A marriage is forever (you hope).
Susan Lanyi lives in Montreal.Report Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @globeandmail


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21 RV Parks near Benton Harbor, Michigan
Benton Heights, Michigan 1.4 miles N
Fair Plain, Michigan 3.14 miles SW
Saint Joseph, Michigan 3.91 miles W
Riverside, Michigan 5.11 miles NE
793 M 139 Benton Harbor, MI 49022-3854 Benton Harbor, Michigan 49022 (map) | (269) 927-3302
Sites: 43 RV+27 T | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 4 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Sep 2016 - $13.00
I spent 2 months, Sept 11, 2016 until Nov 12, 2016, in the camp ground while working in the area. I found the campground to be very nice. I didn't have any problems. The history of the campground is interesting. The manager was very helpful and friendly. I will stay again next time I'm in the area. My rate was $375.00 per month. - David Kaplan
Jul 2015 - $32.00
This is a nice campground run by very nice people in an area that we love to visit. It is also a campground that is being brought back from a state of neglect. The new manager is working diligently to address the maintenance issues, mainly the bathrooms. The showers had peeling paint, insufficient hot water and poor drainage. They were already working on those showers when we stayed here so I feel confident that these issues will be addressed quickly. In fact, we are already talking about when we can come back. The sites were very large and well shaded and fairly level. The utilities could have been better marked. There was a large cement brick to keep us from running over the sewer line. The Wi-Fi was free and speed was adequate. We had no problems with cell phone coverage with AT&T and Verizon. We stayed here on July 4th and it seemed that everybody within 100 miles stopped by to see the fireworks display in downtown Benton Harbor. That made for a very noisy night. However, we did not hear any fireworks within the park. Which tells me that management was very proactive about telling campers about the noise and we very much appreciated that. - Meyer Camping
Jun 2015 - $35.00
We had originally planned on staying here for 2 months due to its price, but once we arrived, we saw a few "flaws" in our plans. There are A LOT of feral cats in the campground park, and the cat spray can be overwhelming at times to breath. We had taken a spot in the rear, as the other spots were too close to other RV's for my taste. The spot in the rear had plenty of room, even if another one moved in next to it. Our first night there, we not only heard, but felt the vibration of a stereo bass by the neighbors outside the park. They have it so low or whatever it is that makes it thump and vibrate, and just sit in their yard doing that 3-4 times a day--and sometimes at night. Not only do you put up with that, but non-stop barking dogs tied out on the other side of the fence and more thumping stereos that drive up and down the road. Within a week, we were very disgusted. We moved our RV up front to get away from the thumping stuff, but the cat urine is smelled on and off everywheres. A woman who lives in there, feeds them, which keeps them coming around daily. We could still hear the stereo, but the vibration wasn't felt up here. We weren't even in our spot for a day, and while we were outside, the person who lives in his coach was screaming obscenities about killing kids, blowing up playgrounds, ripping up rapists. Very vulgar and alarming. This went on for an hour, and I did report it to the manager, who was busy at that time making popcorn for the train rides they have there in the amusement park they have been restoring forever. She told me he was probably singing to music. I walked off. Call it what you want. There wasn't any music that was loud coming from his place. We decided to leave. The manager is new, doesn't know much about RV's, but is very nice. The area is very high crime though. Not worth risking staying in this area. We heard guns being shot our last night there. - happy2013camper
PO Box 136 Riverside, Michigan 49084 (map) | (269) 849-3333
Sites: 131 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 16 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Jul 2016 - $48.00
Out of about 25 KOA's we have stayed in during the last 5 years, this ranks near the bottom. Roads, while paved, are very narrow. Tight turns for big rigs towing. Some extra gravel on the sites would help. Playground has old, tired and broken equipment. A couple of items looked very dangerous. The small lake looked like a cesspool. The bounce was so dirty and looked like it had not been cleaned for years. The pool was good size and looked good.
Lots of bugs, bring repellent.
Will never be back. - kegmaster
Aug 2015 - $42.00
Great campground for kids. We don't have any, so we thought there were way too many. Fires in the evening kept smoke lingering under trees in park.
Easy access, older KOA, site was small. Park was completely full on weekend. Then it emptied out by Monday. Great place for families. - Smunro55
Oct 2014 - $43.00
We stay here every fall while attending the Paw Paw Wine Festival and the St. Joseph/South Haven tourist areas. It is a nicely kept older KOA. We had a pull through site and had plenty of room for our tow vehicle and slide outs. Entrance to park is directly off a highway so be aware or you might miss it. There is a slight highway noise and a train track nearby. The only thing we missed on our trip this year were the homemade donuts that the owner used to make and sell. We will return again this fall. - Looney Bird
9385 Old U.S. 31 Berrien Springs, Michigan 49103 (map) | (269) 473-5691
Sites: 113 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 19 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Apr 2017 - $28.00
Very nice campground right on the Saint Josephs river complete with a boat ramp, fish cleaning station and on site storage. Park is open all year and they allow long term stays but all the sites in the park are very clean and well kept including long term. Fire pits, level gravel pads with plenty of parking, good spacing between sites, 50, 30, 20 amp, some pull thrus, fhu's, water & electric, primitive and tent sites. A little gem of a city owned park with great staff and easy check ins. Will definately stay here again whenever we're back this way. - papaken
Sep 2016 - $28.00
Two night stay, at this gorgeous city-owned park beside the St. Joseph River. Very clean modern bathhouse: did not use. Swings by river, walking paths, game areas, small play areas, wide sites, easy access and close to town. Updated connections, very clean with easy access.
Walked with my small dog. Paths lead to river and boat launch. Fish cleaning station. Cabins available. Very beautiful location and forest park atmosphere. Screen rooms/tents work here and sun loungers would be great. Paved road around all very tidy sites also nice for walking. Excellent book exchange in office. Ice available and firewood. - RamblynRose
Jul 2016 - $30.00
We stayed a couple nights at this park and I was so very impressed with the friendliness of the park manager, the overall neatness of the park, and just the whole atmosphere of the park. We were in the newer section. Site was spacious, level and easy to get into. The river flows along the edge of the park and is so pretty. It is near Lake Michigan and we used this as our base for our sightseeing. We didn't use the restrooms, showers, etc. but I cannot imagine they were not as clean and neat as the rest of the park. Good cell service. The only thing I missed having was a laundromat. We would definitely stay here again. - Darcan
39397 M 140 Hwy Covert, Michigan 49043 (map) | (269) 764-0818
Sites: 200 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 29 Reviews
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Jun 2017 - $46.00
This is one of our regular campgrounds we visit twice a year for blueberries and apples. Great staff that greet you like family. Had an issue with the power and I discovered a bad breaker, they fixed it in about 10 minutes. Clean everything and new improvements too, roomy RV sites lovely pool can't miss stopping here. Plenty of places to go within 15-30 minute ride. - Jayco owner
Aug 2016 - $42.00
Very clean and accommodating place. Lots are spacious and offer some shade. Sites are dirt and grass, featuring a fire ring and picnic table.
Big lots, blueberry picking right outside your place. The employees were very kind and helpful. WOULD and will stay at any KOA again! - Cookie hunnicutt
Jul 2016 - $78.00
Nice park. Owner and all employees were extremely nice and helpful. Best part was being able to pick blueberries 30 feet from our trailer. Our site was a premium one, but very sandy, and gravel.
This spot had a nice gas grill and paved patio. NOT WORTH $78 though! - stlmp
80559 32nd Ave Covert, Michigan 49043 (map) | (269) 764-1421
Sites: 64 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 2 Reviews
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Jul 2016 - $32.00
This is our favorite "hidden gem" campground, and we drive up annually from central IL to this southwest corner of MI to stay for 4-5 days. The campground has a 1/4 mile stretch of Lake Michigan beach that you MIGHT share with a dozen people during the week. Weekends are a little busier with day-pass traffic to the beach, but still not very crowded.
The camping area is wooded, nestled between shaded dunes for a nice protection from hot sun and heavy winds (you can leave your awning out all the time). A short walk over some boarded stairways/walkways and you are on the beach! It's a great blend of environments that I've never experienced at any other campground.
This side of Lake Michigan has real sandy beaches, crashing waves on breezy days, outstanding weather in the summer months, and sunset views over the Lake that you will not forget. For us Midwesterners, it's as close to an ocean beach experience as you can get.
The campground is older with water/30 amp electric sites (no full hookups), a dump station, as well as primitive tent sites and small cabin rentals if you don't have an RV. Sites are sandy (which I don't mind) and fairly level. There are two "loops" of RV sites, one larger loop for smaller trailers/motorhomes, and another smaller loop with larger sites for bigger rigs. We have been here in a 35' motorhomes and trailers and have always been able to get a larger site in the smaller loop, which is actually a more private because day traffic goes the other direction.
Sites are nicely separated with heavy rope dividers on wooden posts. The office has very friendly staff on-site every day, and they sell small supplies, firewood, ice, drinks, and ice cream.
Recent years have brought some upgrades in walking paths (to the beach) and a new bathhouse in the smaller loop. This is a town-owned park facility and it's obvious that they do put money and care into it, to keep it updated (as much as possible) and maintained. - scottydl
Aug 2015 - $32.00
This is a little known park. You can walk to the beach at Lake Michigan which is 100 yards away. Very nice sandy beach. People bid on the park to run it. Sites are okay for a more rustic stay. Value was good because of access to lake which is not dog friendly. We would stay here again, maybe for a week. If you rent a site access to beach is included otherwise people without RV's pay $7 a day for beach access. Lots of people stay in tents. - Mark from Missouri
11 S Center St Hartford, Michigan 49057 (map) | (269) 621-6665
Sites: 160 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 1 Reviews
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|Clean Showers:
Jul 2010 - $1.00
This would be a great family campground. Area set aside for tents and popups. Park like setting. Fishing pond. Don't know why it is not full. Added an extra day when we got here. Very quiet. Would stay again. The only reason for the overall 7 rating is the roads. Just go slow. - ChrisnMarv
4085 Bearcave Rd Buchanan, Michigan 49107 (map) | (269) 695-3050
Sites: 114 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 21 Reviews
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Jul 2017 - $30.00
Thousand Trails has begun selling off lots either permenatly or seasonally. The result is all of the good spots are gone. The membership they sell is a first come first serve deal with a maximum 21 days at a park. Then they sell the spots. A bait and switch at the least!!! THis park follows a theme of deferred maintenance at Thousand Trails. The place could be nice but all the monies are stripped out and a bare bones staff is left to try and hold it together. We reserved well in advance a FHU site. Arrived and the best we could get was water and electric. There are many dead trees market for removal and appear dangerous. There is an 11 foot limb that that they put a sign up for rather than cut down. Also a 10 foot power crossing. WATCH your height in a 5ver!!!! Verizon cell worked but had trouble with data during the race and peak periods. Tough to get Satellite but we pulled it off after a few attempts. Most dont! We would not recommend the park at this time. - BrianStacifulltimers
Sep 2016 - $1.00
Big rig friendly and the park has a very good layout. Full service utility sites are out in the open with little shade but great satellite reception. We stayed in a shaded area (no sewer and partial satellite reception) with the dump station and laundry nearby. We will make a return trip, hopefully the entrance road will be in better condition; long and ruff. - GaHoosier
Aug 2016 - $0.00
This park is over 60 years old, and probably updated the latest I'd guess in the 60's. As such everything is old and deteriorating. Our Thousand Trails membership enabled us to stay for free, as I thought that was a fair price for what you get. The access road is horrendous dirt and pot holes. Our 50 amp Rv tripped 3 times due to low voltage and the park wasn't even full. The pool was clean although the bottom needs a complete re paint job. This is a "first come, first served" park as far as reserving a particular site, and as such you might get 30 amp or 50 amp full hookup if lucky . There is a nice shady back loop but with a 11' tree limb warning, and low overhead wires, care should be noticed. There is also a bear cave with entrance through the office (fee required). Not very exciting as it was wet and muddy with all the natural features destroyed by years of over zealous campers. I think if this campground was "updated", it wouldn't be too bad. The staff calls it "rustic". Good over the air HDTV, but zero WiFi and minimal cell service. Good for an overnight stay, but that's it, if you can make it through the long access road without breaking an axle. - Jimpav
23960 Ruggles Rd South Haven, Michigan 49090 (map) | (269) 637-2788
Sites: 220 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 12 Reviews
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Jul 2017 - $27.00
We have camped at most of the state parks along lake michigan. Some how we never made it here until now. Our site was grass over sand so plan on some blocks under the levelers. We ended up near the playground which the kids loved. State park play grounds are hit an miss. This one was one of the better ones. Roads are paved and can be a little tight to navigate. We disconnected the toad before entering the park. upon arriving at our site it was clear that it would be tight to back in. It was a good thing the campers across the street had not arrived otherwise it would have been difficult to back in with one shot. Verizon signal was about 50% internet speed was good but not top speed. ATT signal was a little better. - TeamErnzer
Oct 2016 - $37.00
Clean, well-maintained State Park, with friendly, helpful young men at check-in station. The campground was full on a nice fall weekend - luckily, we had paid the extra $10 to reserve a site. Paved interior roads, and mostly level dirt sites with some grass; and trees that helped with privacy, since sites are rather close together. Dog walking trail, and even a nearby Dog Beach. We would stay here again. - FranM
Sep 2016 - $26.00
Typical state park, electric only sites. Interior roads are a bit narrow, and I wouldn't denote this park as big-rig friendly. Our site was fairly large, shaded and clean, but we saw others that were a bit smaller and had more sun. Our site was listed as accommodating a 35' camper, but I had to block the road to hook/unhook from our 30' TT. Sites are a sand base, so kick off your shoes before going back in the camper ;-)
There is a dog-friendly beach area, but you have to hike over a sand dune to get to it. The regular beach area has adjacent parking, but is a short (and more level) walk from the campground. Office sells ice and firewood, but they were out of ice (for the next couple days...), and the firewood was a bit green. Check-in staffer was pleasant, we saw DNR foot patrolling the park a couple times, and we didn't experience any loud, raucous camp sites. It's mostly families and groups and, overall, a pleasant, relatively quiet place to stay. Pretty easy access, just a few miles off I-196.
Overall, it's a satisfactory state park in a good location, with larger, pine and hardwood shaded sites. It's not a must-return park for us, but we'd consider it, if we're back in this area. - fastalker64
12032 Red Arrow Hwy Sawyer, Michigan 49125 (map) | (269) 426-4013
Sites: 100 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 18 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Jul 2017 - $40.00
The location of the park is very nice and beach access is a fun tromp through the dunes; however, we were terribly disappointed in the space we were given. If you come here, be sure to drive around the park, mark down the spots that look interesting and then ask for those. We were driving a long way and really needed a nice place to rest before moving on the next morning. We took spot #164 as assigned and found it to be a spot that was absent-mindedly created out of a corner. There is a sign in your way, the bushes are thick and hog up the majority of the space and the spot isn't level. And, to top it off, the fire pit was full of gross trash from the previous campers. We were didn't realize until walking the other loop to take the dunes trail that other far more appealing sites were to be had. My Mr. was too tired from driving and didn't want to request a different site after he had already put down the jacks and got the AC running. I don't know if it was because the park employees try to get this spot "sold" first or what, but for $31 + $9 for the park pass is way too much for what we got. I highly doubt we'll stay at this park again, but if we do, I'll be far more picky about which site we get assigned. For the record, site #54 looks spacious, shaded and has 50 amp service. If it weren't for the nice dunes and the "better loop" I'd drive right by and never give it another thought. - Ree Klein
Jul 2016 - $29.00
Reviews definitely depend on time of year you camp here: we experienced the same. Park is unique with the lake and sand dunes.
The Campground in summer: yikes! Sites 94 - 171 looked like a tent city at a rock concert with some trailers thrown in. The campers looked miserable. Large grassy/dirt areas with no privacy and kids running all over the place.
Fortunately we were in the "Modern" campground, and sites 67-74 were the only spacious sites we saw. However this loop also had many very close inside sites. The outside loop sites are also subject to road noise.
In the summer I would be very cautious about the site you choose and your personal space requirements. Our site had electric and some privacy.
I would visit this park again due to the unique sand dunes and the lake BUT only off season and not on a weekend. - Breezy2
May 2016 - $31.00
Clean during our visit but there were a couple dozen sites occupied, if this was peak season it would be different. There is additional $9 a day for out of state residence nightly fee does NOT reflect this. Daughter rented a cabin next to our site had very musty smell probably from being closed up for the season. - Steph and Jim
12011 Red Arrow Hwy Sawyer, Michigan 49125 (map) | (269) 426-4971
Sites: 62 | Recent Rate: $$$$ | 4 Reviews
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May 2014 - $45.00
Nice location for this part of Michigan. Friends came out from Chicago to visit. Fairly level gravel site, good utilities, very nice folks. Free entertainment provided by folks getting stuck parking their 5th wheel for the summer. We had to leave our toad at the main office. Sites are very close, so the way out was exciting until we made our turn. We would stay here again as long as we get the same site - others appeared too short or narrow (trees) for our rig (43 ft). - Frances and Sparky
Aug 2012 - $40.00
We were just here overnight and it was OK except for the price. $25 would have been a fair rate but we were running out of day and needed to stop for the night so we bit the bullet. Gravel sites 98% full with long term rigs. Voltage was good, but water pressure was only fair. It was convenient for our route. We might stay here again if we happen to be passing through. - zrxh14
May 2010 - $38.00
This park is nice and clean. It says its across the street from the dunes; yes, they are but it's about a 3 to 4 mile walk to the dunes. If you bring a bike of car you will be OK. The owners of the park were very nice and helpful. They did have a playground but if you have kids like mine 15 and 11 playground was for little kids. They do have a pond but no swimming of fishing, just to look at. This is a nice campground for just relaxing, but it has no extras. We would not camp here due to how far the walk to beach is and no extras for older kids. - rv1

subset: commoncrawl


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Address 1422 Bagley
Detroit, Michigan 48216
United States
Detroit, Michigan 48216
United States
|Law School
|Duke University School of Law
|Juris Doctorate
|Relevant Jobs
Associate Attorney
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A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.


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Australia: Dingoes For The Dog Meat Trade?
Australia: Dingoes For The Dog Meat Trade? Is Australia going to farm their iconic dingo for dog meat in Asia? An Australian conference will discuss this proposal as the country teeters on the brink of entering the dog meat trade. One presentation is entitled "Creating dingo meat products for South East Asia – potential market […]read more »


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Dressage rider Carl Hester has set a first by being sponsored by a group of barristers.
A syndicate of 15 barristers from commercial set Brick Court Chambers – including head of chambers Christopher Clarke QC – has agreed to sponsor the top British dressage rider in what is believed to be the first Bar sponsorship of this kind.
Two of Hester's best horses have been renamed Legal Democrat and Legal Jaguar as part of the deal.
The syndicate said it was keen to promote a sport in which Britain has the potential to excel at international level but where lack of financial support is holding back the most talented .
Legal Democrat recently appeared under his new name in an international dressage competition, where he finished fourth out of 40.
William Wood, who came up with the sponsorship idea, said: "Barristers have formed syndicates to run race horses. I thought it would be more constructive to arrange a syndicate to sponsor a sport which needs support."


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Here it is; the new look Sendmode. Our team of developers have been working very hard over the past few months to improve and modernise the Sendmode platform interface. This fresh look now brings a cleaner look to your Sendmode account, with a sparkling white background and new tabs, we hope Sendmode will become an even nicer site to visit.
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We hope you enjoy the new look Sendmode. Here are some before and after images!
Thanks for reading our blog.


text:
This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page.
The term Consortium might refer to:
- Consortium (PTC), a class of Transmutations, in Promethean: The Created;
- Consortium (VTM), an alliance of vampiric Princes of Northern Europe, in Vampire: The Masquerade.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 13, 2001
|Filing date
|Jun 7, 1995
|Priority date
|Sep 28, 1990
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Stephen E. Crane, LeeAnn Heringer, Michael Shinsky, Gerald A. Raitzer, Michael A. Ogrinc, Steven T. Mayer
|Original Assignee
|Adobe Systems Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Referenced by (49), Classifications (30), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/193,621, filed Feb. 8, 1994 (abandoned) which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/590,061, filed Sep. 28, 1990 (abandoned).
1. Microfiche Appendix
This patent disclosure includes a computer program in a microfiche appendix which has 173 total frames and 2 fiche.
2. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to editing video tape by a computer-based system which includes a random access memory device such as a disk drive. More specifically, the invention relates a method and apparatus for storing portions of video taped material on disk and using the information on the disk to edit the taped material. In one embodiment, the computer platform is a Macintosh computer.
3. Description of the Prior Art
Various methods of video tape editing are well known in the art. Traditional editing is tape-based; the editor cycles tapes back and forth on a source VCR (video cassette recorder) or VTR (video tape recorder) to find the scene that he means to edit. He positions the record (destination) tape on the record (destination) VCR to receive the scene from the source tape. Then the scene from the source tape is recorded on the record tape; this process is repeated for each successive scene. This linear process requires constant cycling of tapes.
Also known is disk-based editing wherein a computer system including a random storage rotating memory device such as a hard disk drive, optical, or magneto-optical disk drive. All the video material is stored on a disk drive controllable by a computer used as an editor. Then random access of the disk via the computer finds any frame in the stored video material virtually instantaneously. The computer keeps track of all the edit and record frames for the entire production. When the edit decisions of the program are completed, the editor inserts source tapes in one or more VTR's and a new record tape into the record VCR and the computer executing the edit decision list created when using the disk video records the entire edited program onto the tape. Disk-based editing is fast, easy, and vastly reduces tape handling and is currently used by professional editing companies and movie studios.
However, even with such professional systems, the problem remains that a disk drive can only store a very short amount of video material. Typically, 300 megabytes or more of disk storage are needed to edit even a relatively short 10 minute program or film. Also, fast access disks (such as 16 milliseconds or less) are needed. This prohibits use of typical magneto-optical disks. Thus the disk-based systems are expensive and need large amounts of disk storage.
Additionally, disk-based editing typically requires logging the video material from the tape onto the disk which is a separate and time consuming step. This step is especially problematic when many hours of video material are available, such as when editing a film in which typically 10 to 20 times as much material is recorded as is needed for the final production. In this case, disk-based editing is virtually impossible except for short segments of the project. For instance, it requires 22 megabytes of disk capacity to store one minute of highly compressed source video. One hour of source video therefore requires approximately 1.3 gigabytes of storage. Thus even a very expensive disk-based system is not capable of storing a large amount of video recorded material. Without compression of the video, the cost of disk storage would rise dramatically. One commercial system costing $60,000 stores only 25 seconds of uncompressed video. The effects of compression result in significantly degrading the quality of the video signal to the point of making it impossible to make critical edit decisions.
Therefore, the prior art systems suffer from the deficiency in the on-line system using physical tapes of having very slow access times, and in the case of the off-line disk-based systems, of being quite expensive and also only allowing the editor to work with a limited amount of video material at any one time and with reduced video quality. Additionally, the disk-based systems have the deficiency of requiring a separate step of logging the video material onto the disk and then after editing of generating an edit list and using that to edit the actual video tape.
In accordance with the present invention, a disk-assisted editing system and method is provided. The computer system including a mass storage device such as a disk drive used for interactive editing of video material caches that portion of the information which is in use from video tape to the disk. Actual editing of the tape is done by an edit decision list generated by the computer. "Video" optionally includes audio, and can include just audio, excluding the video.
In one embodiment, the material from the tape as it is viewed by the editor is automatically logged on to the disk by an algorithm which determines that only a portion of each scene i.e., typically a few seconds at the beginning and end of each scene, are stored on disk. Optionally, all of certain scenes is stored on the disk. Also provided is a "least-used" algorithm for conserving disk space by removing from the disk those scenes or portions of scenes not in current use. The original taped material is always available by means of tape recorders connected to and controlled by the computer system. The video material is reclaimed from the tape as needed.
The video information recorded on a disk is in one embodiment stored by means of conventional video compression techniques, so as to conserve disk space. This is not a problem because the original video information is accessible at all times from the tapes which as discussed above are kept on video tape recorders connected to the computer. Thus the disk is a "virtual VTR", because to the editor it appears that he is using a physical VTR in terms of the editing and VTR controls. Also provided in addition to standard full-motion video are graphics, still frame video, and audio. All of these may be edited. One embodiment of the invention uses a conventional Macintosh computer as a platform with additional hardware for interfacing and controlling the VTRs and viewing the video material.
In one embodiment of the invention, in addition to use of a conventional magnetic disk drive for interactive editing, a magneto-optical disk drive (capable of being removed from the computer for storage and transportability unlike larger magnetic disk drives but with slower access speeds) or local area networks, such as Ethernet and Apple Talk are intermediary storage devices between the magnetic disk drive and the physical video tapes. The slower drives and networks automatically display more time compressed video (i.e. 10 frame per second vs. 30 frame per second video). Alternatively one can use the slower drives or networks to feed faster disk drives (as a back-ground or batch process) that can keep up with the 30 frames per second display rate.
In accordance with the invention, the computer effectively stores pointers to particular video frames denoted by conventional SMPTE time codes on the video tapes. The pointers act as a computer data base and are manipulated as is a conventional computer data base to perform editing tasks.
Thus advantageously the system allows caching of information back and forth between the relative high access speed, low capacity magnetic disk and the low access speed, high capacity video tapes to allow interactive editing at high speed while maintaining the highest possible video quality, with the actual high quality video material at all times remaining available on the video tapes. The system compiles an edit list so it is possible to go back to the actual tapes to assemble the file material. The video tape recorders are physically connected to the computer so that information from them may be drawn upon as desired during the actual editing process. Thus the system simultaneously has both (1) an on-line capability for executing an edit list recording information from source tape to record tape; and (2) an off-line capability for only creating the edit list but not recording high quality video from source tape to record tape, and the system interactively moves between these two capabilities. The off-line system (like disk-based editing) requires fast random access that somewhat reduces quality of video and audio. The on-line system requires high quality audio and video with full post-production capabilities to provide a polished final version of the material. The combined system allows this with transparency to the editor i.e., he is able to move smoothly between an off-line mode and an on-line mode.
In one embodiment, the disk-assisted editing system is a computer network which includes video tape recorders, mass storage random access devices, and one or more computers for control thereof. This system is tied together by the above described database relating to the video material. The database serves as a master decision which pertains to the information stored in the various storage devices and unifies the various physical expressions of the video material as stored on the different storage devices. The master decision list (MDL) allows the editor to move information about a video project between individuals and also to the next level of storage and to perhaps a higher level as desired depending on the equipment i.e, hardware, connected to the network and/or to the quality of video which is desired.
The MDL as described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/346,864, attorney docket no. M-683, (incorporated by reference) includes video tape information, SMPTE time codes and selected additional information as common in the video industry, and also is an extensible data base that includes extended information about the video creation of editing process as a key-frame-oriented sequence.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a disk-assisted editing system in accordance with the invention.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show software in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 5 shows a networked system in accordance with the invention.
FIGS. 6a, 6 b show operator control windows to enable disk modes.
Description of Equipment
In accordance with the invention, a computer system is used in conjunction with the video equipment for purposes of editing video material. Other aspects of this system are disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 7/595,452, attorney docket no. M-1424, entitled "Computer Generated Wipes for Video Editing Systems" invented by Robert J. Alig et al., incorporated by reference. The editor produces master decision list which includes a detailed list of each edit decision which he makes. The decision list is the data base of information for creating an entire video tape production. An edit decision list (which is a subset of the master decision list) may be produced in an industry standard format (known as CMX-compatible) usable by commercial post-production companies to edit tape on their advanced editing systems without any additional formatting being necessary. Once the editor has made his editing decisions the system automatically records the final master video tape from the master decision list. A system capable of executing the instructions in the MDL then finds the right frame to reach each scene, inserts all of the titles and other graphics which the editor has designated, make all the transitions between scenes, and other transformations, start and stop the appropriate audio tracks in accordance with the desired editing decisions, and adjust the video and audio levels. Such a system is disclosed in copending patent application Ser. No. 07/346,864, entitled "Digital Video Image Signal Processing, Control, and Display," invented by Robert L. Lay, et al., docket no. M-683, incorporated by reference. A system compatible with only subsets of the MDL, such as CMX compatible systems, typically requires manual intervention to assemble a completed sequence of any complexity.
The system uses conventional time codes as an important element for video editing. Time code and particularly SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers) time code is a numerical reference system well known in the art which is recorded directly on video tape and which allows access to any field ({fraction (1/60)}th of a second) or frame ({fraction (1/30)}th of a second) on the tape by designating the tape numerical reference for the particular frame. The time code is thus an electronic labelling system that identifies each single frame on a video tape by a series of numbers indicating hours, minutes, seconds and number of frames and fields recorded. The edit decision list essentially is a list of event times with an indication of what is to be done with the frames that begin or end at that time codes indicated by the event. The MDL is an extension of the EDL which is oriented by key frames assigned times directly or indirectly to become events. Since the time codes are standardized in the video industry, such an edit decision list is usable by commercial post-production services or other editors in order to edit the video tape from the edit decision list.
One embodiment of the present invention is the VIDEO F/X system commercially available from Digital F/X, Inc., Mountain View, Calif. This system as shown in FIG. 1 uses a conventional Macintosh II computer 10 as a platform. A digital frame buffer 12 is a card conventionally inserted into the Macintosh computer 10. Also provided is a separate chassis 14 which includes a video switcher 16, an audio mixer 18, and machine control circuitry 20. Two or more commercially available VCRs or VTRs 22, 24 are connected to chassis 14 as is a conventional video monitor 26. Also provided is software (not shown) for video production and graphics and providing on-line editing capabilities. The software is conventionally installed in the Macintosh computer 10.
This system provides a full video production system using the standard Macintosh graphical user interface operated by mouse 28 and keyboard 30 which are part of the computer 10. Conventionally various windows are shown on the computer screen 32 for control of the editing process.
As would be understood by one skilled in the art, in other embodiments other computer systems are used as the platform and for user interface purposes.
The system of FIG. 1 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, computer 10 of FIG. 1 includes a 68000 series microprocessor 40, which is the central processing unit for computer 10. Microprocessor 40 is connected to the NuBus 42 which is a portion of computer 10. Connected to the NuBus 42 is a SCSI interface 44 (port) connectable to a conventional magnetic (hard) disk 46 or a magneto-optical disk 48 or a floppy tape (not shown) or other storage device. NuBus 42 is also connectable to an Ethernet network (not shown) which may connect to other storage devices. NuBus 42 connects to switcher 16 and mixer 18 via digital to analog converter 50.
Also conventionally in computer 10 is an audio output chip 52 which drives the Macintosh speaker 54 for providing audio output. Connected to the NuBus 42 is the Macintosh buffer 58 which provides video and 8 bits of data per pixel for the Macintosh CRT 60, i.e., display screen. Provided in the add-on board 12 (see FIG. 1) which is inserted in computer 10 as discussed above, is a 32 bit digital frame buffer (DFB) 64 which includes approximately 1.5 megabytes of memory. Provided in chassis 14 is a low pass filter (LPF) 66 for filtering the horizontal video pixels from source VTR 22. This horizontal filtering improves the quality of the video as the video is recorded to the disk storage since the video is compressed by being sampled horizontally at less than video resolution (sub-Nyquist sampling).
The output of filter 66 is provided to a conventional analog to digital converter 68 which outputs 24 bit RGB video. Converter 68 is controlled by a conventional sync generator 72 which includes a crystal providing a 60 Hz sync signal for vertical synchronization of the video. Alternatively for European and other countries that use the PAL video system instead of the American NTSC system, field rates are 50 per second and frame rates are 25 per second. Sync generator 72 also provides the sync signals to microprocessor 40. Sync generator 72 also conventionally provides timing for frame buffer 64, and video switcher 16.
The 24 bit RGB video is converted by look-up table 74 to 8 bit black and white or color video. Look-up table 74 is connected to digital frame buffer 64. As is known, high quality video requires typically 24 bits per picture element (pixel). In order to compress the video to only 8 bits per picture element, the user can choose digitizing only the luminance values, black and white, or color picture. With only 256 colors (8 bits) to digitize to, the look-up table 74 provides a default selected palette that matches typical video scenes such as flesh tones. Non-NTSC legal RGB colors, very saturated colors, and numerous color choices in very dark and very white areas of the scene are omitted. In another embodiment, in addition to low pass horizontal filtering of the video, low pass vertical filtering is also provided. The filtering provides improved video quality while video compression is used to conserve disk space.
A conventional SMPTE reader/generator (R/G) 76 puts SMPTE time code on the video tape in VTR's 22, 24 and reads back time code from the video tape. Reader/generator 76 is located in chassis 14 (see FIG. 1) and connects directly to machine control 20.
As shown, an adaptive PCM (pulse code modulation) analog to digital converter 84 is also connected to source VTR 22 to provide data to frame buffer 64. Converter 84 receives stereo audio from a VTR 22 as shown. Thus the audio data and video data are accepted separately and form separate data files in the master decision list to allow editing the audio separate from the video.
Microprocessor 40 controls transferring of information from frame buffer 64 by a DMA (direct memory access) transfer and/or processor controlled memory data moves via NuBus 42 to SCSI port 44 and thence to disk drives 46, 48. Audio data is also sent to frame buffer 64 and stored as described above in separate files in the disk drives 46, 48. The PCM converter 84 is conventional for digitizing audio inputs. Audio output chip 52 and 35 Macintosh speaker 54 provide low quality audio ("scratch" track quality), which is however adequate for editing purposes.
In one version, magneto-optical disk 48 is used for removable storage, or other removable storage devices (such as optical disks) or local area networks such as Ethernet are used so that the entire system may be used as virtual video tape recorders replacing actual source and record VTR's for editing.
In accordance with the invention, the conventional SMPTE time codes which are put on the video tape are equated to locations on hard disk 46, and these time codes are stored as the edit decision list in the memory (not shown) of computer 10. Also connected to the NuBus 42 and controllable by microprocessor 40 are a video switch mixer 16, an audio mixer 18, and a VTR machine control 20 for control of the source and destination VTRs 22, 24. Source and destination VTRs 22, 24 need not be identical machines. Preferably commercial-type source and destination VTRs are used to provide better quality video material and allow better recording thereof for the final product. The system is compatible with any of the usual video recording formats i.e., Hi-8, S-VHS, U-matic, Beta Cam, video-disk or the other well-known video recording standards.
Also provided is computer software (the source code of which is shown in the Microfiche Appendix with explanatory comments) for enabling disk-based editing. The software as discussed above is resident on the computer 10 and in one embodiment is primarily in the C language.
The computer software (see FIG. 3) for disk-based editing is in the following modules:
1. The Splicer module 100 takes the edit (master decision) list maintained by an Edit List Manager 102 (ELM) and produces a Segment List of the disk-based clips and synthesizes clips as necessary to simulate transitions and keyer functionality. The Splicer 100 is called directly from a Video Control Window 104 to update a given section of the segment list.
2. The Traverser module 106 takes the segment list maintained by the Splicer module 100 and plays the clips from disk. Traverser 106 is called from the Video Control Window 104 instead of the Sequencer 108 (which handles tape). The communication between the Splicer 100 and the Sequencer 108 is via the segment list common between them.
The Traverser 106 loads miniatures from disk 46 to memory before a playback and storing the miniatures from memory to disk 46 (hard file system). Miniatures are visual representations of stored video material which are displayed on the screen of computer 10 as a small sized image in a window, at a speed of 30 frames per second.
3. The Mini Manager module 112, where a Mini is a compressed miniature representing a given frame of video. Mini's are used in the Video Control Window 104 to represent clip (video scene) position and in the Organizer 114 to represent the clips used in a given edit list. These miniatures are also used as the disk-based clips. The Mini Manager 112 keeps track of what miniatures were on disk and where on disk they were stored and determines the position and validity of disk-based clips.
User Interface for Disk-based Editing
To transfer video from tape to disk, the user (i.e., editor) selects the clip to be copied from tape to disk using the commands for selecting video clips in the Video Control Window (VCW) 104. The user mounts a tape in the source VTR and sets the mark in and mark out points. A button is added to the VCW 104, labelled 'LOG'. This log button applies the selected clip to the special digitized video library which initiates the copy from tape to disk.
The existing user interface has "projects" (productions) each of which include an organizer and an edit sheet. The application can have more than one project open at any time. For disk-based editing, the "library" is a collection of editable objects that have no record time data associated with them. The user is only able to view a library in the existing organizer view. Because there is no record time for the objects, the user will not see the library in an edit sheet format. Libraries can be sorted by (1) object name or title, (2) creation date, or (3) source tape.
When digitized video is created on disk, the clip with the source information and mark in/mark out times (SMPTE start and stop) is put into this special library. The clip is an object available to user controlled edit lists. This object orientation help keeps the data on the disk associated with the audio and video sequenced in time order and sequential on the disk for better disk efficiency (by reducing disk accesses) and protects against modifying a source clip in one edit sequence that may be used in other edit sequences.
The difference between this special library and a general purpose video library is that it is write-protected. Users cannot change the general description of the object. This description consists of (1) disk space used, (2) the original source tape and in/out time codes, and (3) where that clip is used in currently open projects or libraries. Users are able to change the object name or title. However, since this title is used for the HFS filename of the data on disk, this title is the unique file name. In one embodiment, users are not able to cut/copy/paste digitized video, and are only able to delete all of the selected digitized video objects for deleted unused portions of the selected objects with a user definable latency of x number of seconds on either side of a given clip.
To select disk-based video, the user brings the special digitized video library to the front and select any object in the organizer view (which for libraries is the only view). This clip is automatically queued in the Video Control Window 104. The user then adjusts the mark in/mark out points, and can apply that object to a project.
Provided in the system is a selection command (as a pull-down menu item) to change between disk-based editing and conventional tape based editing. In disk-based editing, when the user plays the record tape (i.e., executes the edit list on the record tape), he is really accessing the random access digitized video and audio data from the hard disk 46. While in disk-based editing mode, the edit list objects in the edit sheet and the organizer that are video clips are designated an icon that marks each object either as being on tape or on disk. If all video clips in the current edit list are on disk, the user is able to play the entire edit list. If one or more video clips are tape based, when the user plays the record tape he gets a miniature that says, "Sorry, source not available" for the duration of the tape based clip in the VCW. So, the user is still able to get a sense of the timing of the playback while working on a portion of the edit list. Another embodiment allows the user to intermix disk and tape segments.
Splicer Module
The segment list is used by the Splicer 100 and the Traverser 106. The edit list maintains the list of objects over time. There are five types of edit list objects. The general information stored for each edit list object (ELO) is: (1) any combination of video and audio tracks, (2) transparency flag (only valid for graphics), and (3) start and end times. The special information stored for a ELO is:
1. Live Clip
tape identifier + source time code
2. Background (Matte)
RGB color per video line
3. Graphic
File Identifier
4. Transition
Fader bar travel
Current & new scene specification
Wipe pattern, softness, color & orientation
5. Place Holder
The purpose is to add to the edit list, a segment list which contains some of the basic edit list information in a time dependent format, rather than object oriented, and a valid list which keeps track of which parts of the edit list have been recorded or, in the case of disk-based editing, synthesized.
The information that the Traverser 106 needs is: (1) the start time of a particular clip, (2) the duration, (3) whether the object is on disk or tape (i.e. the source of the clip), and (4) for disk-based objects, information that with the Mini Manager 112 will allow the Traverser to find the clip (both video and audio) on disk. A function is added to the Edit List Manager 102 to convert the edit list to a time-oriented ASCII file from which the CMX translation can work.
The segment list and valid list are built and maintained by the Splicer module 100. The edit list 118 is maintained by the Edit List Manager 102 and functions provided to query the state of this structure.
For the organizer window, a rectangular box representing a given object in the Organizer 114 window has an icon that shows which type of object it is. There is an icon for graphics objects, an icon for live clip object from tape, and an additional icon represent objects from disk.
Since the Splicer module 100 maintains the valid segment list regardless of whether the current state is tape or disk, the Splicer 100 is called by the Video Control Window 104 every time the edit list is updated so that the valid list can track the current edit list in progress. The functions called by the Video Control Window 104 are:
1. SPL_ValidateTimeSlice (start timecode, end timecode)
The user has recorded a section of the edit list to the record tape. This flags that a given segment of this record tape matches the current edit list in progress.
2. SPL_InvalidateTimeSlice (start timecode, end timecode)
The user has modified a section of the edit list, so that for the given segment the current edit list no longer matches the record tape.
3. SPL_AddTimeSlice (start timecode, end timecode)
The user has inserted a new section of the edit list and has rippled the remaining portion of the list.
4. SPL_UpdateSplicer (start timecode, end timecode)
This function rebuilds the segment list to match the edit list for a given section of the edit list.
The Splicer 100 calls on the Edit List Manager 102 to retrieve the information about the edit list objects to build the segment list. The edit list information is retrieved as the list of objects for at a given starting time code. There can be a maximum of five objects at a given point in time. An example of these five objects is: (1) a live clip and (2) a transparent graphic which together are referred to as "scene A", (3) a background (matte) and (4) a transparent graphic which together are referred to as "scene B" and (5) the transition between scene A and scene B. The transition is seen as the change from scene A to scene B. In a simple linear crossfade, scene A is the scene at the start of the fade and scene B is the scene at the end of the fade.
The functions called by the Splicer 100 to retrieve this information from ELM 102 are:
1. ELM_GetSegment (start timecode, &duration, &Edit List object ptr[9])
Given a start time code, ELM 102 returns the set of objects defined for that time code and the length of this set of objects (i.e. the length of time before there is a change to the set of objects in use).
The order for the object pointers in the array are:
[0]=background (or bottom) element of scene A
[1]=audio 1 element for scene A background
[2]=audio 2 element for scene A background
[3]=transparent (or top) element of scene A
[4]=transition element
[5]=background (or bottom) element of scene B
[6]=audio 1 element for scene B background
[7]=audio 2 element for scene B background
[8]=transparent (or top) element of scene B
If the transition element is NULL, the elements of scene B is ignored.
Traverser Module
The Traverser 106 is in three parts: (1) the section that does the disk I/O for the miniatures used for playback into the Video Control Window 104, 92) the vertical interrupt task that triggers the calls to play a given miniature (both video and audio), and (3) the realtime miniature playback routines. The interaction of these three parts is shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows vertical interrupt routine 124 (occurring every {fraction (1/60)} of a second) controlling the various functions. Grab frame 126 grabs a still (i.e., a frame) for a miniature. Copy frame 128 stores the grabbed frame on disk. The grabbed and copied frame is in one version the first (head) frame of a clip; it may also include the last (tail) frame of the clip. Store clip 130 digitizes video and audio and puts the digitized data on disk. Preview 132 allows the user to look at his program edits before they are recorded to the disk.
For global structures, the Traverser uses the segment list generated by the Splicer module as well as the information about the space on the screen where the playback will be shown. This structure is as follows: typedef struct
} trv_PlayBack, *trv_PlayBackPtr;
This information is global so that the vertical interrupt task has access to it.
When the user starts the play command, the Traverser 106 (FIG. 3) takes as much memory as possible for storing playback miniatures. This memory (for the duration of the preview command) is organized as a circular linked list which contains (1) the pointer to the next list element, (2) whether that memory has been freed by the vertical interrupt task and ready for the next miniature off of disk, and (3) the miniature bitmap.
The interface of the Video Control Window 104 is as follows:
1. TRV_UpdateVCWPosition (GrafPtr controlwindow, Rect iconCordinates)
Because the Traverser 106 passes on position information to the realtime video/audio driver for the position of the playback miniature, the Traverser 106 needs to know every time the Video Control Window 104 is moved. So, this routine updates the trv—PlayBack structure that is used during realtime calls.
2. TRV_Play (start time, end time)
This routine previews a section of the edit list and breaks the segment to preview into disk-based clips vs. other clips. If a segment is not a disk-based clip, the calls that were previously made to ELM 102 are generated by this section of code (i.e. ELM_Preview ( )) for the segments of the edit list that have nothing to do with disk-based clips. For the disk-based clips, it begins off the vertical interrupt task which plays the next miniature in the video control window and loop waiting for either an miniature to become free so that it can retrieve the next miniature from disk or until the disk-based clip has been completely played.
3. TRV_Record (start time, end time)
This routine records a section of the edit list and runs down the valid segment list kept as part of the Splicer 100 and generates the calls to ELM for the sections of the record tape that are not valid.
The interface to the Mini Manager 112 is:
1. TRV_StoreClip (source tape, start time, end time)
At some point, the Mini Manager 112 stores a segment of tape to disk. This is the routine that handles that. When this function starts the proper tape is to be in the tape drive.
The routines for RealTime PlayBack are such that the realtime miniature playback routine is called from within the Traverser's 106 vertical interrupt routine.
1. DBE_CopyFrame (Ptr iconBitMap, trv_PlayBackPtr iconDestination)
This routine plays the miniature from memory to the Video Control Window 104. The iconDestination parameter is the Traverser global described above. It is assumed that the miniature (with both video and audio) is already in memory.
2. DBE_GrabFrame (Ptr iconBitMap)
This routine grabs the miniature from the Digital Frame Buffer and places it into the memory provided.
Mini Manager
The Mini Manager 112 keeps track of which clips are on disk and how to find them. There are two types of clips on disk: (1) the original source tape and the start and end timecodes on source tape and (2) the clips that are synthesized for a given transition between a disk-based clip and another object. The Mini Manager 112 also keeps track of which of these synthesized clips are in use at a given time and delete them when appropriate. For example, synthesized clips should all be deleted when the application is closed, when the user selects a new or saved edit list to work on, and the synthesized clips not in use should be deleted when more space is needed on the disk to store an incoming clip.
For global structures, the first pass of the Mini Manager 112 uses the Apple HFS 46 (hard disk file system) to manage the clips. Each clip is a separate file so fragmentation handling is a problem. The clip files are stored in separate folders under the project with one folder per source tape. One advantage of having a separate file per clip is that individual clips or all the clips for a given tape (i.e. all the files in a given folder) are easily archived.
The Mini Manager 112 keeps track of the following information for each disk clip: (1) file identifier, (2) full edit list object description of the clip, (3) duration of clip, (4) whether the clip is a duplicate of source tape or a synthesized section of video to simulate a transition or key, and (5) whether the clip is in use for the current edit list.
The Mini Manager 112 has two functions, (1) creating and deleting the physical files for digitized video on the hard disk and (2) translating between a source identifier and a data file.
1. MINI_NewDV (Source Identifier, Mark In, Mark Out, type)
This routine create a file on disk for the incoming digitized video data and adds a new entry to the special DV library that tracks all digitized video data on disk. The type field refers to whether this is video that has been logged by the user or video that is generated within the system to simulate keys or transitions. Internally generated or synthesized video has a special unique source identifier. It is also maintained by the Mini Manager 112, but not visible to the user in the DV [?WHAT IS DV?] library.
2. MINI_DeleteDV (Source Identifier, Mark In, Mark Out)
This routine deletes a file on disk. The entry in the DV library is removed by the organizer before it calls this function.
3. MINI_DeleteUnusedDV (Source Identifier, Mark In, Mark Out)
This routine deletes the portions of the digitized video not currently used by open projects. By a dialog box the user defines the latency as to how much video is kept on either side of the video in use. Since the segment list associated with each edit list keeps track of what clips from what sources are in use, it is a matter of searching through the segment list(s).
4. file reference number=MINI_OpenSource (Source Identifier, Mark In, Mark Out)
This routine opens the file containing the video data for a given source and sets the current position in the file to the right offset for the given mark in time.
5. MINI_CleanUp (Unused Flag)
This routine deletes synthesized video to release space on the disk. If the unused flag is set TRUE, only delete the synthesized video segments not in use. Otherwise delete all synthesized video.
Alternately (see FIG. 5) the disks can be connected by a local area network 140. Alternately, video editing workstations 142 a, 142 b, 142 c would not have VTR's dedicated to them but available via a network 140 and conventional server architecture of client-peer or peer-peer structure, with a CMX compatible system 144 or MDL system 146. Alternately, some workstations 1429, 142 b, 142 c would not have full motion video or audio available but would only be able to work on the EDL, MDL, and still pictures.
For cache control, the user selects which video data is written from the source VTR's to the disk cache. The selected source start and stop times can be stated explicitly and activated with a record to disk command as shown in the above referenced software. In another embodiment, a user prescribed amount of source tape around a user-selected interest point is logged to disk. The cache can be flushed when the user selects update of the physical tape either incrementally on a scheme-by-scheme basis or by executing all of the edit list. Cache coherency is indicated to the user by showing which video segments have been successfully recorded from the physical source VTR or VTR's to the record VTR.
Although described above is a single source VTR system, multiple source VTR's may be used. The disk edit, or virtual tape, recorder can act as a virtual replacement for one or more of the source VTR's. Included in the system are user controlled selections to enable the use of the disks as mutual VTR's. See FIGS. 6a, 6 b showing user control windows displayed on a Macintosh computer to enable disk record and display modes.
This patent disclosure includes copyrightable material. The copyright owner gives permission to make facsimile copies of the material in Patent Office files, but reserves all other copyright rights whatsoever.
The above description of the invention is illustrative and not limiting. Further embodiments of the invention will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in the light of the above description and the appended claims.
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|Crim Peter L
|Method and apparatus for random-access sequencing of audio/visual information
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|Fleming Hoyt A Iii
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|Sep 3, 2009
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|Whaling Audrey M
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|Michael Phillips
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|Method and system for editing audiovisual files
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 1, 2002
|Certificate of correction
|Sep 13, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 15, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 15, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Avigail Malachi
Artist, Musician, and Teacher in New York
Avigail Malachi
Artist, Musician, and Teacher in New York
I am an artist, musician, and educator currently living in New York City.
Music is my passion and I am very fortunate to have come to the U.S. and pursue my dreams. Mannes College was a wonderful school and second home to me during my studies, and since I graduated many opportunities came and I got to collaborate with amazing and unique colleagues here in the U.S and all over the world.
My style ranges from Classical to Tango and Folk music and I aspire to excel in every aspect of each style I play.
I believe that music has the power to change therefore one of my most important goals is to deliver my love for music to the next generation of musicians. I teach in schools and coach as part of the Interschool Orchestras project here in NY.
I like to keep my mind open for new people, challenges and cultures, that is the reason I travel, read, cook and practice Yoga.
You can click the button above to hire me. If you'd like to get in touch, feel free to say hello through any of the social links below.


text:
Some star running backs might view the emergence of a rookie rusher as a threat.
But not Ravens do-it-all back Ray Rice.
The fifth-year running back is glad to see Bernard Pierce rounding into a quality contributor the same year Baltimore selected him in the third round out of Temple.
"He's been great," Rice said of his backfield mate. "When you draft a guy that high, you expect him to perform. But I think he's exceeded expectations. For a guy like me, when you sign a five-year deal, you think about how you even got here. Before I became a starter, obviously there was Willis McGahee. And even when Willis was still here, we worked with each other to take care of each other. I just think that's how you last at running back in this league.
"Guys that continue to go out there and take a million snaps, your body's only going to have so many snaps in them. But coach (John) Harbaugh's done a great job of being able to rotate us in and out, and I can honestly say I'm fresh. I'm fresh in the playoffs and healthy. This is the best I've ever felt, but obviously that's because I have a guy that when he gets in there, we don't lose a step."
After failing to run for more than 53 yards in any of the Ravens' first 14 games, Pierce has strung together a 123-yard performance, an 89-yard day and a 103-yard showing over the team's last three contests, including Sunday's wild card victory.
Pierce finished the regular season with 532 yards on 108 carries.
Rice ended the regular season with 257 carries, his fewest since 2009, his second season in the league. However, he did run for 1,143 yards for his fourth straight 1,000-yard season.
Rice believes it helps the team that the two tailbacks don't run the same way.
"Our styles are different," Rice said. "He's a slashing, one-cut guy. Obviously, he has speed as well and I think that's where he gets overlooked because when he hits it, he goes. He's a strider."
And Rice, especially considering his health and freshness heading into his 18th game this season, is happy to have a strong complementary back like Pierce on board.


text:
New this year is Luigi's Market, offering cheese, salami, pasta, olive oil, bread, and cannoli all for sale. And, once purchased, you don't have to drag it around with you. They'll keep it refrigerated until you're ready to leave.
For a full schedule of events and more information, go to memphisitalianfestival.com.
Through Saturday.


text:
- Description
The Bunk Bed is a smart way to sleep more people. Whether you need a bed for your children or a sleeping quarter to accommodate family during visits, this bunk bed is the solution to your dilemma. It's pretty strong so even with a little bouncing up and down from energetic tots, it will remain secure. It is durably constructed from pine lumber and displays an enduring and uncluttered look pieced together by clean lines and classic slats.
1 Twin Full Bunkbed with Underbed Drawer
Twin Full Bunkbed: 80" X 58" X 66"H
Underbed Drawer: 37" X 23" X 12"H
More from this collection: Circles
- Additional Information
Additional Information
SKU 15800478 MPN 1002TFW-505W GTIN UPC 812614024545,812614020172 Brand Donco Collection Circles Assemble Length No Assemble Width No Assemble Height No Assembly Required Yes Material Wood Finish White Bed Styles No Shipping Time 4-7 Days Free Shipping Yes
- Reviews
Disclaimer: Pictures displayed may include optional products not included in the price. Computer monitors often display color variations. Color swatches are shown if alternative colors are available. Please call us or email us if you have any questions!


text:
Even More Hoops Help (Likely) On The Way
Jim Boeheim and his staff have already put together a very good recruiting class for next season. Howard, Richardson, and Lydon should combine forces with this year's pair of talented freshmen (Kaleb Joseph and Chris McCullough) to form a deep, young core following a transitional year in 2014.
But the 2015 Class goes from very good to great with the anticipated addition of Moustapha Diagne. Beating out the likes of Kansas, Florida, and Memphis for Diagne's services speaks to the recruiting muscle SU can flex, as does the strength of the '15 class in general.
I'm disappointed by the apparent lack of interest the Orange have shown in chasing Niagara transfer Anthony Mason to help bridge the gap this upcoming year, but I can't argue with the accumulation of talent the Cuse is putting together for a year from now.


text:
I am half way through Mark's book. A good read. Started P90X a year ago. I also did two rounds of Insanity afterwards. Now I do both on different days and rest 1 to 2x a week. I hv been gluten free for a year. I don't buy the replacement GF foods. I eat very well...but I CANNOT LOSE ANY FAT. I am 47 and very frustrated. I am reluctant to try the Primal eating because I have tried everything and am afraid to be dissapointed again. I generally eat primally anyway but I think my carbs do add up quickly. Any advice?
No announcement yet.
Insanity. P90X. Gluten Free. So frustrated.
new posts
Insanity. P90X. Gluten Free. So frustrated.Tags: None
The primal blueprint is not just about what you eat, it's your whole lifestyle. This should become clear as you read the book. There may be other aspects of your life that you need to change eg. Sleep, how you exercise, stress, etc.
17 Reasons You're Not Losing Weight | Mark's Daily AppleIf you're interested in my (very) occasional updates on how I'm working out and what I'm eating click here.
Originally posted by tfarnyIf you are new to the PB - please ignore ALL of this stuff, until you've read the book, or at least http://www.marksdailyapple.com/primal-blueprint-101/
GF and primal are completely different. Depending on what you're eating you could be opposite of primal - sugar, rice, legumes - all GF but definitely not primal.
Read the book - sounds like you do too much exercise too...
Try it - you've got nothing to lose g no pun intended)...
None of what you have done will make you lose weight if you are not controlling your calorie intake. In fact, vigorous exercise makes most people more hungry.
thank you so much. i believe it may be stress. i am 132+ pounds and want to be at my ideal weight of 124. i am so tired of exercising and tired from exercising. i just want to be fit. i will give the primal blueprint my best shot and see what happens. maybe it is the carbs. i dont eat fish so that is a realy bummer. allergic. but i do eat a lot of protein. i will check back in when things are moving along. thank you.
I thought I was training with Insanity but I am just burnt out. No one can do that program for more than 3 rounds. It is taxing on the body. I started out semi-fit, then became more fit ... now fit and fatter. So tired of overtaxing my system. Afraid to quit exercising for I may gain a ton of weight. I will finish the book ... start the plan ... and check back. Being positive. I ran sprints yesterday instead of Insanity. Sore today actually. Feels good.
It is a common misconception that exercise directly and inevitably leads to weight loss, or that weight loss requires a specific exercise program, or that more exercise will lead to more weight loss. The science does not support any sort of such conclusion. But think of all the profit that would be lost if people realized this.
Exercise to enjoy it and to stay fit.
thank you so much. i believe it may be stress. i am 132+ pounds and want to be at my ideal weight of 124. i am so tired of exercising and tired from exercising. i just want to be fit. i will give the primal blueprint my best shot and see what happens. maybe it is the carbs. i dont eat fish so that is a realy bummer. allergic. but i do eat a lot of protein. i will check back in when things are moving along. thank you.
What is your bodyfat percentage? What measurements are you taking and logging?
The number on the scale is not going to tell you what you want know.
I'm going to give you my Primal Pep Talk.
I did Insanity and ran when I was done. For several months. I followed a low calorie, low fat high carb diet, like a champ. I didn't lose a pound. My pants didn't get looser. So I gave up, said &%I^% it, and put on 15 lbs or so. I gained a ton of weight.
Then I found Primal and sat on my ass while I ate primal foods. In about a year I lost 35 lbs. Then I started working out again- first HIIT classes, now Crossfit. I've lost about 5 more lbs, but have lost a whole dress size in 6 months. For the first time on my life, my shoulders are way broader than my waist and broader than my hips.
My message- just because Insanity doesn't work, doesn't mean nothing will. Good luck. But yeah, you can quit Insanity, lose weight and gain muscle.
Check out my blog. Hope to share lots of great recipes and ideas!


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Val Tiatia is one of the most incredible graphic designers that we at Western Capital have ever used. His knowledge of the business and his passion for his forthcoming "private branded label" makes Val Tiatia one of the members of the Western Capital Team that we can not do without.
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text:
Chinese Barbecued Pork Bun (Cha Siu Bow)
Recipe by jeniwan
I was raised in San Francisco and have fun memories of going down to China Town with my Dad and chowing down on steamed pork buns that we had gotten from one of the ubiquitous Chinese bakeries there. This recipe brings back those memories every time. These steamed buns are simply wonderful.
Top Review by kellychris
This was fantastic!! I waited 3 days until I got the chance....... and it was worth it. I made the bar-b-que pork and waited for the chance to make the bun. My only problem was that the dough was VERY sticky and I wasn't really sure about how to close it up. No matter- the family loved them the way I did it. I also thought I might end up with a big "dough-ball" if I steamed the bread, so I just put them in a 350 oven for 10 minutes. It came out great!! THANKS!! Made for Asian Tag 2009.
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1⁄3 cup warm water
- 1⁄2 teaspoon sugar
- 1 (1/4 ounce) package dry yeast
- 2 1⁄2 cups all-purpose flour
- 2 1⁄2 cups cake flour
- 4 tablespoons sugar
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 2 tablespoons shortening
- 1 1⁄4 cups milk
- 16 pieces wax paper, cut to 2 inches square
- 6 ounces Chinese barbecue pork, diced (you can make your own, try Chinese BBQ Pork, or simply pick some up from your local chinese restaurant)
- 1 tablespoon vegetable oil
- 2 teaspoons water
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄2 teaspoon sugar
- 1⁄2 teaspoon thin soy sauce
- 1 teaspoon oyster sauce
- 1 teaspoon hoisin sauce
- 2 teaspoons cornstarch
- 4 teaspoons cold water
Directions See How It's Made
- Mix together the warm water, 1/2 teaspoons sugar and yeast in an 8 oz. measuring cup. Let stand until it rises to the 8 oz. level (about 20 minutes).
- Sift flour, cake flour, sugar and salt into a large mixing bowl. Add shortening, yeast mixture and milk. Knead mixture 5 minutes to form a dough.
- Cover with a damp cloth and set dough in a warm place. Allow the dough to rise for 3 hours.
- Heat oil in a wok or large frying pan and stir-fry pork for 2 minutes. Add 2 tablespoons water, salt, sugar, soy sauce, oyster sauce and hoisin sauce. Bring it to a boil.
- Mix the cornstarch and 4 tablespoons cold water. Stir into the mixture and cook for 1 minute until thickened. Let cool before making the buns.
- After 3 hours, when the dough has risen, shape into rolls about 2 inches in diameter. Cut each roll into 1-1/2 inch pieces. Shape each piece into a shallow bowl shape. Put 1 tablespoon filling in the center, close and twist dough to form a bun.
- Put the bun on a 2 inch square of white paper. (This prevents the bun from becoming soggy while steaming.) Place 8 buns at a time in a pie pan and allow them to set and rise for 15 minutes in a warm place.
- Steam for 25 minutes.


text:
May teens be haunted by her memory
Credit: Nancy Lane
Credit: Herald Pool
It's as if no one wants to send a message to Phoebe Prince's tormentors.
Not the staff at South Hadley High, which ignored the systematic torture of the 15-year-old.
And not the judicial system, which meted out a mere slap to bullies Sean Mulveyhill and Kayla Narey yesterday
|The article you requested has been archived


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Toyota Access puts you in the driver's seat with clever options and choice at every step. A smarter way to buy is now available with every new Toyota.
Prius c Reverse Camera[B4] is a great help when parking or getting out in and out of narrow parking spaces garages, and helps you avoid hard to see objects when reversing, like small children, animals, low walls, bicycles and shopping trolleys.
A discrete, wide angle camera almost invisible to the eye, is mounted on the back of the car.
The camera system operates whenever reverse gear is selected and images are displayed on the 6.1" audio display screen.
Toyota Access puts you in the driver's seat with clever options and choice at every step. A smarter way to buy is now available with every new Toyota.
Toyota Service Advantage is just one of the great included features of owning a Kluger. You get low cost, capped price, standard logbook services at $170 for the first 3 years or 60,000km, whichever occurs first [T1] .
When it comes to your insurance, nothing protects your Toyota better than Toyota Insurance. Designed for your Toyota by the people who know it best, it's a partnership that just makes sense.
[B4] Reversing Camera/Park Assist/Sonar Parking/Driver Fatigue Monitor/Blind Spot Monitor/Lane Departure Alert/Reverse Cross Traffic Alert/Brake Assist are a driver assist device only and should not be used as a substitute for safe driving practices. The area into which the vehicle is driven must be visually monitored by the driver.
[T1] Three years or 60,000kms.