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|"Tim Smith (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Commented: (LUCENE-1821) Weight.scorer() not passed doc offset for "sub reader"
|Fri, 21 Aug 2009 15:04:14 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-1821?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=12746004#action_12746004 ] Tim Smith commented on LUCENE-1821: ----------------------------------- Looks like Filter should have another method added getDocIdSet(IndexSearcher searcher, IndexReader reader) (deprecating getDocIdSet(IndexReader)) new method would call old method by default (with little harm done in general) IndexSearcher would call the new getDocIdSet() variant QueryWrapperFilter would be updated to implement getDocIdSet(IndexSearcher, IndexReader) (with old method wrapping IndexReader with an IndexSearcher) This would actually be cleaner for QueryWrapperFilter, as it wouldn't have to create a new IndexSearcher on every call i definitely see that this is potentially more painful than the changes to the scorer() method (question is how many people implement custom Filters?) Personally, i don't use Filter, so any changes here don't impact me, but to the best of my knowledge, i'm not the only one using lucene :) > Weight.scorer() not passed doc offset for "sub reader" > ------------------------------------------------------ > > Key: LUCENE-1821 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-1821 > Project: Lucene - Java > Issue Type: Bug > Components: Search > Affects Versions: 2.9 > Reporter: Tim Smith > Fix For: 2.9 > > Attachments: LUCENE-1821.patch > > > Now that searching is done on a per segment basis, there is no way for a Scorer to know the "actual" doc id for the document's it matches (only the relative doc offset into the segment) > If using caches in your scorer that are based on the "entire" index (all segments), there is now no way to index into them properly from inside a Scorer because the scorer is not passed the needed offset to calculate the "real" docid > suggest having Weight.scorer() method also take a integer for the doc offset > Abstract Weight class should have a constructor that takes this offset as well as a method to get the offset > All Weights that have "sub" weights must pass this offset down to created "sub" weights > Details on workaround: > In order to work around this, you must do the following: > * Subclass IndexSearcher > * Add "int getIndexReaderBase(IndexReader)" method to your subclass > * during Weight creation, the Weight must hold onto a reference to the passed in Searcher (casted to your sub class) > * during Scorer creation, the Scorer must be passed the result of YourSearcher.getIndexReaderBase(reader) > * Scorer can now rebase any collected docids using this offset > Example implementation of getIndexReaderBase(): > {code} > // NOTE: more efficient implementation can be done if you cache the result if gatherSubReaders in your constructor > public int getIndexReaderBase(IndexReader reader) { > if (reader == getReader()) { > return 0; > } else { > List readers = new ArrayList(); > gatherSubReaders(readers); > Iterator iter = readers.iterator(); > int maxDoc = 0; > while (iter.hasNext()) { > IndexReader r = (IndexReader)iter.next(); > if (r == reader) { > return maxDoc; > } > maxDoc += r.maxDoc(); > } > } > return -1; // reader not in searcher > } > {code} > Notes: > * This workaround makes it so you cannot serialize your custom Weight implementation -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online. --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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3 C Chotti - 335038 post office
Post Office name: 3 C Chotti
Type: Branch office (Delivery)
Pin Code: 335038
Location of 3 C Chotti
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State: Rajasthan
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subset: commoncrawl


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We Think We Know You. The Finale of "what." Bo Burnham HD MP3
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When Bo Burnham Insulted Justin Bieber - CONAN on TBS MP3
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pre-order CD on itunes or amazon: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/what./id773753940 ...
Bo Burnham - Kanye West Rant. Indianapolis 3.28.15 MP3
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He did a little speech thanking us which was real cool. Very happy for his success. We had 2nd row, which was like pretty much next to the stage. It was scary ...


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text:
Misery Signals released a stream of another punishing track called "Lost Relics."
The group plan on releasing their new album, Absent Light, on July 23 and can be pre-ordered here. Misery Signals will begin their North American run on July 9 and the entire listing of tour dates can be found on MS' other new song stream of "Luminary."
Guitarist Ryan Morgan told Artist direct, "We were floored by the excitement from the people supporting the album. It's a good feeling to have an audience matching the enthusiasm we are putting into it's creation – and they haven't even heard it yet! It'll all come together when they get to hear how insane this album is."
Latest posts by Grant Trimboli (see all)
- MUSIC VIDEO: Tear Out The Heart Ft. Dan Marsala (Story Of The Year) – "Coffin Eyes" - August 5, 2013
- Sleeping With Sirens Announce The Feel This Tour - August 5, 2013
- MIXTAPE: Curren$y & Jet Life – 'Red Eye' - August 3, 2013


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text:
Christmas 2014: Bars & Clubs Open and Closed in Miami
Santa just finished his shift. And he's ready to rage.
Photo by Lex Hernandez
Even abuela's attending the afterparty.
In Miami, we celebrate the holidays with a festive meal. A nice postre. And a family trip to the club.
When dinner's done and dessert's been served, it's time for dancing and drinking and public displays of being merry.
Here are the party spots open and closed on this Thanksgiving Day in Miami.
See also: The 10 People Who Won't Make It in Miami
It's gonna be a white Christmas.
Photo by Lex Hernandez
Upcoming Events
Bryson Tiller
TicketsTue., Aug. 29, 7:00pm
Ed Sheeran
TicketsWed., Aug. 30, 7:30pm
Nirvanna - Tribute To Nirvana
TicketsThu., Aug. 31, 7:00pm
TicketsThu., Aug. 31, 8:00pm
Maze featuring Frankie Beverly
TicketsFri., Sep. 1, 7:00pm
Open on December 24 and 25
Will Call 700 NE Second Ave., Miami; 305-577-5900; willcallmiami.com. Even Santa Claus might be doing egg nog shots and chowing down cookies on Christmas Eve at this almost-never-closed downtown drinking spot. Oh, and don't forget to show up for the Miami Heat's Christmas Day game against LeBron James and his Cleveland Steamers.
Churchill's Pub 5501 NE Second Ave., Miami; 305-757-1807; churchillspub.com. Punks party all day, all week, all year. And they'll be rippin' and sippin' with Vinyl Solutions' Noche Buena Party on December 24 and Destroyio Records' 8th Annual Xmas Show on December 25.
Open on December 24
LIV 4441 Collins Ave., Miami Beach; 305-674-4680; livnightclub.com. Get your fill of MatzoBall (not the soup, but the swingin' Jewish singles party) at the Fontainebleau's fanciest nightclub.
Open on December 25
The Garret at Grand Central 697 N. Miami Ave., Seventh St. side entrance, Miami; 305-377-2277; grandcentralmiami.com. Drop it low in Grand Central's upstairs party loft for new dancehall, reggae, soca, and hip-hop weekly Way Up!
Gramps 176 NW 24th St., Miami; 786-752-6693; grampsbar.com. Hard work is the secret to reaching a ripe old age in good health. And Gramps refuses to take more than one fuckin' day off. So if he's closed on December 24? Then the old man's openin' the next day.
Story Nightclub 136 Collins Ave. Miami Beach; 305-538-2424; storymiami.com. Once where LeBron, D-Wade, Bosh, and crew celebrated championships... Story is now hosting the afterparty for our Miami Heat bitch-slappin' 'Bron-'Bron and the Cavs on Christmas day.
Do Not Sit on the Furniture 423 16th St., Miami Beach; 510-550-5067; facebook.com/DoNotSit. "Do Not Sit On The Furniture invites you to our official holiday party with a special invitation out to all the folks working in the nightlife industry!" Get merry with Surreal Flight and Gran Moxy.
SET Nightclub 320 Lincoln Rd., Miami Beach; 305-531-2800; setmiami.com. Every Thursday at SET is DTF. That's the name of the party... Down to Fuck. And this holy night's secret creeper... Dirty Santa.
Trade 1439 Washington Ave. Miami Beach; trademia.com. A message from electronic dance music party planners Link Miami Rebels: "After spending Christmas with your family, we would like you to spend time with ours." Celebrate with Social Skills Christmas Special and DJs Danyelino, Hardline, Ms. Mada, and Thunderpony.
See also: Six Reasons to Never Have Sex With a DJ
Photo by Lex Hernandez
Closed for December 24 and 25
Space 34 NE 11th St. Miami; 305-375-0001; clubspace.com. The Space party pros are taking a break. Of course, though, there is a Christmas afterparty. "This week, rest up, enjoy the holidays with your loved ones -- because we are coming at you full-steam with Laidback Luke on our Terrace this Saturday!"
Mansion 1235 Washington Ave., Miami Beach; 305-695-8411; mansionmiami.com. "Mansion will be closed tonight as we celebrate the holidays with our loved ones and we hope you do the same! We thank you for all the great nights and fun parties."
Grand Central 697 N. Miami Ave., Miami; 305-377-2277; grandcentralmiami.com. Enjoy a midwinter wind down as the GC crew chills till weekend.
The Stage 170 NE 38th St. Miami; 305-576-9577; thestagemiami.com. No one's taking The Stage on December 24 and 25. Enjoy a couple silent nights.
Electric Pickle 2826 N. Miami Ave., Miami; 305-456-5613; electricpicklemiami.com. The Pickle won't be fist-pumping for the holidays. Even party pros need a rest.
Closed for December 24
Gramps 176 NW 24th St., Miami; 786-752-6693; grampsbar.com. Yeah, Gramps is enjoying a nice Wednesday at home with the family. Go drinkin' with him tomorrow. The Wynwood bar is open on December 25.
Wood Tavern 2531 NW Second Ave., Miami; 305-748-2828; woodtavernmiami.com. No drinks shall be slung at Wood on Noche Buena. But it's back to boozin' at 8 p.m. the next night.
The Garret at Grand Central 697 N. Miami Ave., Seventh St. side entrance, Miami; 305-377-2277; grandcentralmiami.com. Take it easy on Wednesday night when The Garret is closed. But go get turnt Way Up! with the downtown Miami party loft's Thursday dancehall and hip-hop weekly party.
Story Nightclub 136 Collins Ave. Miami Beach; 305-538-2424; storymiami.com. The VIP will be empty at this SoBe party palace. Pop bottles at home with friends and fam for the night.
Do Not Sit on the Furniture 423 16th St., Miami Beach; 510-550-5067; facebook.com/DoNotSit. For one night only, Do Not Sit on the Furniture will let y'all sit on the furniture. 'Tis a night of rest.
Trade 1439 Washington Ave. Miami Beach; trademia.com. This underground party spot is closed for the evening. Save your dance moves for Link Miami Rebels' Social Skills Christmas Special on December 25.
SET Nightclub 320 Lincoln Rd., Miami Beach; 305-531-2800; setmiami.com. Stay home tonight. 'Cause tomorrow, December 25... It's DTF with Dirty Santa at SET.
Closed for December 25
LIV 4441 Collins Ave., Miami Beach; 305-674-4680; livnightclub.com. Happy holidays, party people! See you for NYE 2015. Uhntz-uhntz.
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text:
Teen pop sensation Justin Bieber and rapper Eminem dominated tonight's Billboard Music Awards by taking home six trophies each. Eminem won awards for Top Artist, Top Male Artist, Top Billboard 200 Album, Top Rap Artist, Top Rap Song and Top Rap Album. He previously won two Billboard Music Awards in 2002 for Best Album of the Year and Best R&B/Hip Hop Album Of The Year, bringing his total up to eight career Billboard Music Awards. His awards were not presented during the ceremony.
Bieber, the Billboard.com Fan Favorite Award winner, also won Top New Artist, Top Social Artist, Top Streaming Artist, Top Digital Media Artist, Top Pop Album and Top Streaming Song (video). Not bad for his first Billboard Music Awards.
There was a six-way tie for second-place; Rihanna, Lady Gaga, Taylor Swift, Usher, Mumford & Sons and Taio Cruz each came away with three trophies. And Shakira, Katy Perry, Chris Tomlin and Train just landed in the multiples club with two awards each.
The awards show, the first since 2007, also gave special recognition to Beyoncé and Neil Diamond's lifetime achievements with the Millenium and Icon Awards respectively as well as presenting a Touring trophy to U2. For a complete list of winners, visit billboard.com.
(Photo: Ethan Miller/Getty Images)


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Vizia RF digital preset dimmer for use with single pole, 3-way, or up to 10 location applications. LED locator and brightness display. Compatible with Leviton's Decora devices and screwless snap-on wallplates (not included).
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Shipping and Delivery Information - For item EU5M033 if ordered by 1 pm Pacific Time


text: New Genii Soldier Biographical information Race Genii Political information Allegiances Genii Out of universe information Appearances The Eye Actor Conan Graham New Genii Soldier is a soldier who appeared in The Eye. BiographyEdit Behind the scenesEdit External linksEdit Retrieved from "http://stargate.wikia.com/wiki/New_Genii_Soldier_(The_Eye)?oldid=289649" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: One-shot Atlantis characters Unnamed individuals Genii Add category Cancel Save


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A striking three-piece silverplated café au lait set comprising two pots and a sugar bowl. Pots have pull-off lids with ebonized wood finials; handles are ebonized wood. Maker Lee & Wigfull, Sheffield, circa 1905. Height of pots 7 inches; diameter of bases 2 ¾ inches. Height of sugar bowl 3 ½ inches. We've included an associated tray (not matching) on which the three pieces seem to belong. Diameter of associated tray 10 ¾ inches. Very good condition.
4 other shoppers have this item in their Cart or Wish List .
Fine Decorative Antiques


text:
Size 875.033 MB 0 seeders Added 2011-10-11 18:11:41
The plot begins as Dorothy returns to Kansas to find it devastated by the tornado that sent her to Oz. Before she can react to the destruction of her home, she is transported back to Oz, where her three friends (Scarecrow, Lion and Tin Man) have disappeared. She meets a charming man made of marshmallows who can't quite think for himself, a tiny china doll princess whose bossiness is a cover for her fragility, and a tugboat who strives to fit in with his younger companions. Dorothy must help this group band together against the Jester, a wicked new villain who believes that all of Oz should be under his control. Unrated, Kids & Family Directed By: Dan St. Pierre Written By: Adam Balsam, Barry Glasser, Randi Barnes Genre:Drama, Action & Adventure, Special Interest 5 Days of War is an action-packed international thriller from acclaimed director, Renny Harlin. Based on true events, this intense film is a vivid account of a renegade American journalist, his cameraman and a local woman caught behind enemy lines, and determined to not only survive, but tell the world what was happening, during the swift but devastating 5-day war between Russian and the Georgian Republic in 2008. R, 1 hr. 53 min. Directed By: Renny Harlin In Theaters: Aug 19, 2011 Limited Anchor Bay Entertainment Genres:comedy | Romance Uploader Note: When 1gb version will be available will be uploaded also if you want better quality in bigger size Note:If you have something to offer as early releases,seedboxes, links,accounts,etc please contact us on torentz 3xforum ro Seed Stats: 20-400 GiB at aprox 10 MiB/sec/20 slots per torrent How To Get Your Maxspeed (uTorrent) Torrent Client - Preferences - Bandwidth - Number of connections - Set aprox. 500 for each Torrent Client - Preferences - BiTorrent - Protocol Encryption - Forced Bandwidth Allocation - High (Set download/upload limit - Unlimited) Stop Other Active Torrents - Start downloading and wait for connections. Enjoy and Seed for at least 1:1 ratio. Don't forget to say thanks/leave reviews. Before downloading you should check/google search sample "release name""sample". Greets to all actual/future p2p/scene QUALITY groups and affiliate websites. Don't trust IMDb robot or bad ratings,always watch some trailers first. Ignore stupid comments/fake/mislabeled/no-DVDrips/CAM/TS/RAR uploads. Please spread this release/torrent to your friends/forums/etc. If you need translation subs visit some subtitles sites. Report if you see online streaming or other spam links. Recommended movie player VLC PLAYER.
|Dorothy of Oz 2011 480p BRRip XviD AC3-AsA.rar
|Read Info.txt


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Broncs face Marist on the road Friday on ESPN3
GAME 15 – Friday, January 6, 2017
Rider Broncs (9-5, 2-1 MAAC) at Marist Red Foxes (5-10, 2-2 MAAC)
Location: Poughkeepsie, NY – McCann Arena
Tip: 7 p.m.
Live Video – ESPN3
Live Stats – GoRedFoxes.com
Live Audio – 107.7 FM The Bronc
Twitter – Twitter.com/RiderAthletics
What You Need To Know
- Rider and Marist are meeting for the 55th time in the two programs' histories, with the Broncs owning a 30-24 lead in the all-time series. Rider has won six of eight meetings with the Red Foxes under Head Coach Kevin Baggett. Marist won the last game, 71-58, on Feb. 23, 2016, in Poughkeepsie.
- The Broncs earned a 93-90 overtime victory at defending MAAC Regular Season Champion and 2016-17 league favorite Monmouth on Dec. 31.
- Rider's six road victories are tied for the most in NCAA Division I. Texas Arlington, Samford, Canisius and Jacksonville State also have six road wins.
- Rider is 6-0 when holding the opposition to fewer than 70 points.
- Stevie Jordan scored a team-high 22 points and dished out six assists in the win at Monmouth. Jordan was named MAAC Rookie of the Week for the third time.
- Jordan has dished out five or more assists in each of his last eight games for a 7.3 assists per game average in that span. Included were 12 dimes against Kennesaw State, tied for the most by a Bronc in at least 21 seasons.
- Rider is 5-0 this season in games decided by three or fewer points.
- Kahlil Thomas has posted a MAAC-leading six double-doubles on the year, including a 17-point, 13-rebound effort at Monmouth.
- Norville Carey has compiled three double-doubles this season, including a 10-point, 10-rebound effort on Dec. 28 at North Carolina State.
- The Broncs are led by fifth-year Head Coach Kevin Baggett, whose teams have posted a 76-69 record and reached the MAAC Quarterfinals in each of his first four seasons in Lawrenceville. Baggett was the 2015 MAAC Coach of the Year.
MBB: HL vs. Iona 3/4/17
MBB: HL vs. Manhattan 3/2/17
MBB: HL vs. Manhattan 2/22/17
MBB: Interviews vs. Canisius 2/17/17
MBB: HL vs. Quinnipiac 2/11/17
MBB: HL vs. Monmouth 2/6/17
MBB: HL vs. Marist 1/21/17
MBB: HL vs. Saint Peter's 1/15/17
MBB: HL vs. Niagara 1/8/17
MBB: HL at Monmouth 12/31/16 (courtesy of MDN)
MBB: HL vs. Drexel 12/16/16
MBB: HL vs. Kennesaw State 12/14/16
MBB: HL vs. Siena 12/5/16
MBB: Siena Postgame Press Conference 12/5/16
MBB: HL vs. Fairfield 12/1/16
MBB HL vs. Bloomsburg 11/5/16
MBB: Team IMPACT PC 3/24/16
MBB: HL vs. Manhattan 2/28/16


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Dear Poll: Would You Ever Date Brothers?
The Afflecks — they're both talented, good looking and wealthy, so how could you choose between the two — or do you have to? Ladies, tell me, would you ever date brothers? If it didn't work out with one of them and you started developing feelings for the other one, be honest, would you ever go for the brother of your ex?


text:
Drink Dispenser + Stand
- Overview
Sangria, anyone? Serve in style with this tall glass dispenser and accompanying mango wood stand.
- 2.3 gallon capacity.
- Solid mango wood base.
- Glass dispenser.
- Dispenser and stand sold separately.
- Imported.
- 2.3 gallon capacity.
- Details + Dimensions
- Stand dimensions: 6.75"diam. x 6.25"h.
- Dispenser size: 2.3 gallons.
Hand wash.
- Shipping + Return Info
These items ship from our Distribution Center by UPS and arrive in your home within 4-5 business days of order receipt.
Shipping Rates
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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Marvin Humphrey <mar...@rectangular.com>
|Re: Upstream/Downstream (was OpenOffice & LibreOffice)
|Wed, 08 Jun 2011 13:04:42 GMT
On Wed, Jun 08, 2011 at 09:43:45AM +0200, Jochen Wiedmann wrote: > On Wed, Jun 8, 2011 at 6:51 AM, Norbert Thiebaud <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > > On Tue, Jun 7, 2011 at 9:43 PM, Noel J. Bergman <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > > > > [...] their downstream code cannot be used. Hence, the best outcome > > under the current licensing regime is for all core development to be > > done here, and for TDF to be a downstream consumer. > > > > Just because you choose a particular license that does not make you > > de-facto 'upstream'. > > Noel is describing a fact: It there is going to be something like > "upstream", it can only be an ASL licensed OO, not a LGPL'ed LO. What he > misses (as quite a few others do, which is possibly why you are reacting > angry) is a certain amount of sensibility that acknowledges that this fact > is just as likely to cause a total split between LO and OO. +1 The split between LO and OOo is reality. The code bases are already divergent and it would be very difficult to reconcile them. To make Apache OOo "upstream" from LO would mean one of two things: 1. The LO people throw out everything they've done and start over from scratch. 2. The LO people organize a large collective software grant to Apache for their work. Since there are a lot of people involved, this would be a daunting task even if it wasn't politically toxic. In both scenarios, TDF, after all they've gone through, after all the work they've done, takes on a reduced role: to use Norbert's analogy, they go from being the auto factory to being a custom shop. We're coming off like some know-it-all newbie manager waltzing in after a hostile takeover and imperiously informing the people closest to the project that they are being demoted and they should be happy about it 'cause our organization is so freakin' awesome. What we ought to be doing instead, if we really want to form good relationships with the LO community, is not continually repeating abrasive "facts" about licensing, but showing a modicum of *humility*. The reason I praised Sam is that he is clearly sensitive to all this. He has been an exemplary ambassador, and my hat is off to him. It is worth repeating his recommendations in their entirety: That indeed would be a wonderful place to end up. At the present time, there are people who would rather not participate in such an arrangement. They have something that works just fine for them. Many are skeptical that we can deliver. The most that we can do is (a) enable such collaboration, and (b) execute. If we do both well, we will achieve much more than we could by prior agreement. I think it is in our best interests to acknowledge that we don't yet have a track record or anything new to offer. And that in such a context it is rather presumptuous at this point for us proclaim that we are the core or even are relevant. I think that passage represents the best of Apache's inclusive traditions, and I hope we can live up to it -- both the sake of the project and for our own sake as human beings. Marvin Humphrey --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
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Florence Auala's resume was suffering from a common malady -- a malady so common, in fact, that career expert, personal branding consultant and resume writer Donald Burns of Executive Promotions, LLC coined a term for it.
"At first glance, I had no idea what she was looking for or what she's really good at. I see this type of resume so often that I had to invent a shorthand description for it: 'All bland and no brand,'" Burns says.
"I hate to say it, but her subject matter -- IT auditing -- is not the most exciting topic for a resume," Burns says.
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text: Sydney (ANI): Pamela Anderson is set to enter the Aussie Big Brother house next month, it has emerged. The former Baywatch babe would make a dramatic entrance into the Australian version of Big Brother on July 9, to teach the housemates the tricks of her trade. Pamela has been in my sights for quite some months and Im delighted to announce her involvement in my show, the Sydney Morning Herald quoted Big Brother, as saying. The reaction from the housemates will be worth watching, the statement read. Meanwhile, the 40-year-old star, whos reportedly back with Tommy Lee, revealed that her former husband keeps a constant track of whatever she does via Google Alerts.


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I addressed myself to Metcalfe.
"We don't have a mandate to negotiate an accord with you," I told him. "Would you like us to leave?"
"No," he said.
At which point Marlene Jennings exploded. "I want to say a few things," she said.
She informed us, emphatically, that the coalition proposal was not selling well with her Liberal colleagues because it implied that NDP Members of Parliament might gain access to cabinet jobs. Liberal MPs had been waiting for many years for those positions, she explained, and they did not accept that people from some other party might take their places in line.
Dawn Black responded for our side. Over the next half hour or so, Ms. Black ripped Ms. Jennings's argument apart in a fine display of forensic, parliamentarian debate. Two parties would be coming together to form this government, Ms. Black explained. All of the members involved had worked very hard during their careers. The new government would only be possible because both parties were involved. Shouldn't simple fairness, and a desire to ensure both parties were equally committed to the success of the government, suggest that both should be represented fairly in the cabinet?
Ms. Jennings defended the entitlements of her caucus colleagues. Only Liberal MPs, she tried to get us to understand, were qualified for and entitled to cabinet positions.
Ms. Black explained, several times, that this meant there would not be a new government and therefore none of them would be reaching their career goals.
Ms. Jennings then began a rearguard action. She proposed that the NDP could perhaps be accorded a single seat at the cabinet, without a department, in order to monitor what was going on and to make suggestions.
Ms. Black was unmoved by this proposal.
Ms. Jennings offered two seats.
No better luck.
How about three?
Herb Metcalfe, a soft-spoken man, now raised his voice loudly enough that even his own MP heard him. "Maybe we should take a break," he suggested.
While the Liberals regrouped out of the room, Black and I reported back. I BlackBerried to Layton and McGrath (1:50 p.m.): "They are getting cold feet on any NDP ministers and are floating an accord... Don't do anything - but be ready that we will jointly ask you to speak directly to Dion to resolve."
McGrath did some checking. She wrote back (1:52 p.m.): "Bloc negotiator says that the Libs have only spoken Lib/NDP coalition and they believe we have to be in." That was a useful lever. The Liberals would find themselves isolated among the opposition parties unless they returned to the coalition model.
McGrath added (1:59 p.m.): "Ed says Chrétien in favour of cabinet posts too." I replied (2:19 p.m.): "Chrétien should call Dion."
The Liberals returned. Metcalfe noted that the Liberals had just made a significant move but that the NDP hadn't budged from our opening position. It was our turn to show some flexibility. The Liberals then outlined a proposal they hoped we would consider as an alternative to a significant role in a joint cabinet. Perhaps, in lieu of a proportionate share of seats at the cabinet table, we might accept a third of the parliamentary secretary positions. These would not just be assistants in the House of Commons; they would be sworn in as privy councilors with the right to review cabinet documents and to attend meetings when appropriate.
Metcalfe and Jennings went on at some length about how critically important these positions were; how much access they provided; and about why this might be a great way to get New Democrats involved in government without (to translate what they were saying into how we were hearing it) sullying the cabinet table with our presence.
Black and I consulted briefly. Clearly we were going to have to make some sort of a move to get this agreement.
We tried the following: I proposed to Metcalfe that the NDP receive seven cabinet positions in a 24-member cabinet. One "major" portfolio (for example, foreign affairs or a major economic or social portfolio other than finance - perhaps health care); three "mid" positions (for example environment or immigration); and three "small" portfolios (something in the style of the many secretary of state positions that Prime Minister Stephen Harper and many of his predecessors have larded cabinet with).Report Typo/Error


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The title Dark Lord of the Bith was bestowed only on those rare Bith who abandoned their species' foolhardy adherence to nonviolence. Membership into the elite circle of Bith Lords was reserved only for those individuals who had successfully constructed their own double-bladed kloo horns.
Darth PWN3D was one such Dark Lord of the Bith, before a rival Bith killed him by hitting him over the head with an ommni box.


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Apr 28, 2008 05:04 PM|hpdotnet|LINK
I triggere a javascript button click on Page Load, and manually bind the data source on the button click event. But that seems to screw up the postback events. It is calling the databind twice now.
Appreciate any help. I am stuck on this one pretty badly.


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In the recent letter by William Sierichs bashing Cal Thomas, we get to see classic liberalism at work. Almost every group that has come to the United States is a victim, and they are victims of white, Protestant, European, conservative "right-wingers," according to Sierichs.
The fact that throughout history human nature, values, laws and governments have slowly evolved to get us to where we are today is lost on people like Sierichs.
Someone must be blamed for anyone else's problems, even if they occurred many years ago, and that someone must have been right-wing and conservative. Tell that to the millions of victims of that great socialist Uncle Joe Stalin.
Liberals like Sierichs refuse to acknowledge that the only thing keeping any person from doing well in this country today is that person's refusal to work hard and use the capitalist system to his or her benefit.
No one can fix what happened in the past. Even liberal big government with its high taxes and over-regulation of individuals cannot hold a well-motivated individual back, and that goes for Muslims, who Sierichs also insists are being denied their rights.
I was not surprised to see that Sierichs identifies himself as a newspaperman. Some mainstream news personnel are on the cutting edge of convincing any group that considers itself a minority that it's being abused and in need of big government's assistance.
Now that Sierichs is retired, he should have time to read a history book or two. He may find out that over thousands of years, some of the problems of some of the people were not caused by right-wing conservatives and that the United States helped more people to achieve prosperity than any country on Earth.
Michael Sellen
retired sales representative
River Ridge


text:
Can You Help Me?
Decorating By bakesforfun Updated 27 Jan 2012 , 3:01pm by Panel7124
do any of you know of a reasonable cake decorating online store?
Who also deliver worldwide (I'm in Norway) AND have reasonable shippingprices??
I'm, among other things, in search for silicone molds. Especially lace.
Try to look at e-bay.co.uk - there are many sellers of silicon lace molds (shipping costs from £ 2) . Ask for combined shipping if ordering several items prior to payment. I've bought some great silicon molds there, shipping costs are always a pain.
Quote by @%username% on %date%


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
My partner and I have been together 20 years. need health and will legal documents
If you are referring to same-sex civil unions, they are not recognized in the state of Texas. Until the Supreme Court brings change in this area, there are many family law attorneys in the Dallas area who can assist you in filing the proper contracts and documents needed to protect your partner in case of emergency. An estate planning attorney may also fill this need as to medical and durable powers of attorney, and valid wills. Good luck.
This answer is general information which does not establish any attorney-client relationship between the person asking a question and the person answering, or a duty to respond to ongoing questions; nor is it intended to replace competent legal assistance in the jurisdiction where the matter/issue arises or is before a Court.Ask a similar question
I have added tags to get you more input from estate planning/ probate attorneys.
At a minimum, you would want to consider Wills and Durable Power of Attorney forms for financial and medical matters. If you have additional objectives, such as avoiding the need for probate, then additional planning would be needed. Estate planning is always best done by an estate planning attorney.
You are very wise to take care of this. As my colleague has indicated, civil unions do not have legal recognition in many states, so in the absence of proper planning, there would be no rights.
James Frederick
***Please be sure to mark if you find the answer "helpful" or a "best" answer. Thank you! I hope this helps. ***************************************** LEGAL DISCLAIMER I am licensed to practice law in the State of Michigan and have offices in Wayne and Ingham Counties. My practice is focused in the areas of estate planning and probate administration. I am ethically required to state that the above answer does not create an attorney/client relationship. These responses should be considered general legal education and are intended to provide general information about the question asked. Frequently, the question does not include important facts that, if known, could significantly change the answer. Information provided on this site should not be used as a substitute for competent legal advice from a licensed attorney that practices in your state. The law changes frequently and varies from state to state. If I refer to your state's laws, you should not rely on what I say; I just did a quick Internet search and found something that looked relevant that I hoped you would find helpful. You should verify and confirm any information provided with an attorney licensed in your state. I hope you our answer helpful!Ask a similar question
If you are a same-sex couple, you absolutely need to consult a probate attorney. Texas does not recognize civil unions and offers no protection to same-sex couples. So, in order for your partner to inherit from you, make medical, financial, or other decisions if you are incapacitated, you have to have an estate plan. At a minimum you will each need a Last Will and Testament, Statutory Durable Power of Attorney, Medical Power of Attorney, Directive to Physicians (Living Will), HIPAA Release, Declaration of Guardian Before the Need Arises (can be put in the will), and Appointment of Agent for Disposition of Remains. If you have minor children, you will also want to execute a Designation of Guardian for the children. You may also want a cohabitation agreement or property agreement between the two of you to define the ownership of property and expectations of each person.
If you are not a same-sex couple, it is still advisible to have the above documents. You should be aware that Texas recognizes common law marriage, so you have to be careful about how you treat your relationship to avoid creating a common law marriage.
Please consult an estate planning attorney as soon as possible. The Human Rights Campaign website has a list of LGBT friendly attorneys throughout the country.
Good Luck!
Jessica Newill
Newill Law Firm
This answer contains general information. None of the information contained in this communication is intended as legal advice. You should neither act nor refrain from acting based on information obtained from the exchange of messages on this website. None of the information contained in this answer is privileged or confidential. You should retain an attorney to provide legal advice regarding this issue. Newill Law Firm provides estate planning and probate services. Call (210) 383-0546 for a FREE initial consultation.Ask a similar question
Just to be clear, common law marriage does not apply in same-sex relationships.
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text: So excited!!! Oct 21, 2013 11 Facebook Tweet Email In 6 days Im going to be shooting another hopeful set with writeboy SG's staff photographer!!! Really hope this one will turn my pink! Wish me luck!!! <3 Steamy VIEW 5 of 5 COMMENTS malwina: I believe it's be awesome) Oct 22, 2013 suispud1: Best of luck. Oct 22, 2013


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According to the latest ABC News/Washington Post tracking poll released Sunday, Donald Trump is now only trailing one point behind Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton. In the new poll, Clinton leads Trump by just a single point, 46 percent to 45 percent. Libertarian Gary Johnson and Jill Stein of the Green Party are polling at four and two percent.
Clinton had a 12 point lead over Trump in the same poll last weekend, at 50 percent to 38 percent. The possible shift to Trump's advantage most likely attributes to FBI Director James Comey announcing on Friday that the bureau was re-opening their criminal probe against Clinton. The second investigation was propelled after potential new evidence was discovered from a different investigation against former Congressman Anthony Weiner, perverted husband of Clinton aide Huma Abedin.
Regardless, Clinton believes these revelations won't make a difference. According to poll numbers she is wrong: 63 percent polled said the news didn't make any difference to them to switch their vote. However, 34 percent did say the news would compel them to not vote for Clinton.
To see more stories like this, sign up below for Dennis Michael Lynch's email newsletter.
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1.13 acres in Comal County, Texas
Lot 44D is a prime 1.13 acre lot on Rose - located between Flaman and Toye. Lot is approx. 120x368 & has lots of trees. This lot can be purchased with lot 44C to create a 2.6 acre homesite for a total price of $48,000. Front corners are marked on most lots - plat is available. Pictures are of site plus various other locations in the neighborhood - take a look at this one today & Bring Us an Offer!
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Teri McKenzie
7790 Hwy. 281 N.
Spring Branch, TX 78070
Other Land for Sale in Comal County
- Properties for Sale in Nearby Counties
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NOTE: The information contained herein is provided as general information only and has been obtained from sources deemed reliable. It is provided without any guaranty, warranty or representation, expressed or implied, made by Lands of America, or any related entity, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information. The information is presented subject to errors, omissions, change of price or conditions, prior sale or withdrawal without notice. Prospective purchasers should make their own investigations, projections and conclusions concerning the information.


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View full video at World of Men
In this World of Men video this sexy bearded guy is on the hunt for sex, he passes a businessman walking through the park. Their eyes meet and he thinks they've made a connection, but the executive scurries off. Later, this horny bearded guy is walking down the street and sees this German businessman jacking his dick in the office. A quick finger wag signals this horny hunter to come in and the fun begins.


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Met Art presents a fascinating collection of the most beautiful nude girls and their erotic pictures in the world. Tube Porn. You will not find filth or dirty sexual games at Met Art, but only beauty of a perfectly shaped teen body. These girls will still let you enjoy their bodies in every detail, but they will do in the special style peculiar to Met Art only.
Koika has the sexy insoucience of Bridget Bardot and she looks 16!
chat with girls
Pretties girls I am so sorry for those girls who are showing there bodies and getting nothing. Exposing and ex poling there life.


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SARASOTA, Fla. -- Brad E. Kaser, 27, of Sarasota, Fla., and formerly of Millersburg, passed away Wednesday morning, Nov. 9, 2016 in Sarasota, Fla., following a motorcycle accident.
Memorial services will be today (Saturday, Nov. 26, 2016) at 2 p.m. at Glenmont School, Glenmont, with Pastor Clifford Beck officiating. A time of fellowship and sharing of memories will be held from 2-6 p.m. Saturday at the school. Those wishing to make online condolences may do so by visiting www.alexanderfhinc.com.
Brad was born Dec. 30, 1988 in Millersburg, the son of Dennis P. and Cathy (Bretz) Kaser. He was a graduate of the Ashland County-West Holmes JVS and also graduated from COTC Nursing School in Newark. Brad was an RN at Sarasota Memorial Hospital. His favorite pastime was spending time with his friends and family in both Ohio and Florida. He loved going to haunted houses with his friends and his mother. He also enjoyed kayaking, camping and riding motorcycles with his brother, especially on his new Harley.
He is survived by his parents; his brother, Derrick Kaser and friend, Kimberly Purdy of Millersburg; maternal grandmother, Fern Sowers of Glenmont, and his friend, Cheri Miller of Sarasota.
Brad was preceded in death by his paternal grandparents, Don and Dorothy Kaser; and maternal grandfather, Gene Bretz.


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Big Rock Chophouse Map
245 S. Eton St. (W. Maple Rd.)
248-647-7774 | Make Restaurant Reservations | Menu
Need directions to Big Rock Chophouse? This map will help you find the best route to and from the restaurant so you can enjoy your meal. Clicking on the green arrow can help you get the best route to and from this restaurant if you don't see the "Get directions" pop-up.
Find out which restaurants and chefs top the list of GAYOT's 2016 Annual Restaurant Awards.


text:
Takata Street Pro LE Seat
Part Number: 77003
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Inside Continental United States
Earn 1416 reward points. Learn More
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This is not a vehicle specific partPlease read the product description and details prior to purchase. Please contact us if you need assistance.
Built from a tubular steel frame, this reclining seat is designed for comfort and support in spirited driving. Equally at home on the street and the track, you will find the bolstering in just the right places. All of this without losing the convenience of a tip-forward design allowing access to the rear seats.
Covered in black Spacer fabric with Carbon Fiber look vinyl patches to protect the heavy wear areas. TAKATA Logo embroidered on front and back of the headrest.Features:
- Manual Dual-Sided recline, capable of infinite recline
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- Vinyl wear patches for long life
- Part Number: 77003
- Color: Black,Green
- Manufacturer: Takata
Vehicle Fitment
- This part does not have vehicle specific fitment


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Sports matches and special events call for massive structures called stadiums that were built to seat thousands of people. These structures can be used as a place to hold out. It is very important to clear the entire structure so no zombies are left inside with the survivors.
- Stadiums have many entrances, but they are built to be very strong, and can funnel zombies through hallways and stairs.
- The size of the building allows construction of an inner sanctuary in case the other perimeter is breached. The outer perimeter should be heavily secured and able to withstand the force of hundreds of zombies pounding on it.
- Stadiums are usually surrounded by huge parking lots, so approaching bandits or zombies can be easily spotted.
- Although large enough to support a small city, stadiums are not stocked with a large amount of food.
- The soil of the grass pitch may not be very fertile and inadequate for growing crops.
- Many stadiums now use artificial turf instead of real grass and soil.


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This training could be incorporated inside curriculum of one's pharmacy technician program or perhaps you may have to request an intern position at your local pharmacy. Here include the key skills needed in order becoming a pharmacy technician:. When referring for pharmacies need for refrigerators, it is quite necessary for the crooks to need and rehearse a more robust unit. 'The pharmacy must demand a prescription ' A prescription is regarded as the basic link inside the medical chain of responsibility from doctor to patient to pharmacy. If the first is looking for the fee -effective drugs can certainly order them at our web shop which provides the finest medications and offers you instant results, your health constantly.
The best online drugs are those that stock genuine products, are prompt inside their delivery and provide quality customer support. Washington Department of Health: Washington State Credentialing online pharmacy minomycin Requirements. In relation to its work locations, pharmacy technicians be employed in a clean, safe environment. You must follow some important steps and you also can easily buy medicines. The well known online pharmacies are safe and secure.
One month after leaving my position I have not felt the requirement for any mind altering medications and may not believe I was in the point where I needed them. Next time you go to have a prescription filled, make sure to be patient using the technician. As a graphic designer, familiarity with Adobe Creative Suite, i. Regardless of online pharmacy minomycin which organization you ultimately choose, you'll receive national certification by passing one of these brilliant pharmacy technician tests. To prepare for that PCAT test, some of the students signup at brick-and-mortar coaching lessons and hope how the tutors at these coaching classes own it right.
Using a hot bath can help relieve some in the symptoms of your cold or flu and is great for assisting someone to break nausea. The average salary, however, is around $28,000 annually. So rather than going derived from one of local drugstore to a different, they could just check these online drugs while at work , when they get home after their shift or soon after they've visited their physicians. These prescriptions I've listed are just a few from the prescriptions designed for far less in a pharmacy than your dog's vet's office. The Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) necessitates that pharmacy technician graduates be certified before they adventure into this career.
If social network sites and e-mail would be the most popular media to arrive at potential victims, they're going to use it to attack. Maps utilized by different GPS devices are of different types. Phishing will be the act of the hacker or individual using various means to get a computer user to disclose sensitive and personal specifics of themselves. To stay certified, you then need to finish a certain quantity of periodic ce credits. Does a person need to become licensed to become a pharmacy technician.


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|Attack fighter
|22.6 m
|11.8 m
|2.6 m
|Max. warp:
|warp 5.8
| Two Type V Disruptor cannons, micro-torpedo launcher
In later versions: antimatter mine layer, photonic missiles
|Deflector shields
The Ku'Rist class was a Klingon class of attack fighters in service during the 24th century and the 25th century.
This Starfighter was originally designed during the service of the Constitution-class starship. The Klingons preferred single combat to any other form of combat. Because of this, Klingons have advanced starfighter combat to a fine art form. The Ku'Rist was a very effective fighter that was used by the Klingons to support their larger ships, for ground attack, and for light patrol duties. Even with the replacement of many ship classes, fighters very similar to the Ku'Rist were is still used although they were far improved. The Klingons used Ku'Rist fighters to attack Jem'Hadar vessels in packs.
The fighters had a very narrow height. This created a potential advance for the fighter in that it is harder to detect. The cockpit was entered through the top canopy. The warp drive sit outstretched on the sides of the fighter and in order to keep the fighter as short as possible, the warp engines were much wider than they were tall. (Jackill's)
The Ku'Rist fighter had thinner armor than Valkyrie-class fighters and could take less abuse than the Vakyrie fighter or Lyran shuttles, due to the Klingons eschewing armor for speed. The Ku'Rist carried a light disruptor cannon in the nose of fighter for both fighting other fighters and when all of the of the photon torpedoes have been launched. The fighter could either use full size photonic missiles/photon torpedoes or mini-torpedoes. (Star Trek: The Stoneship Files: "At the Soapbox Races")
The micro-torpedoes that could be loaded into a Ku'Rist-class fighter could be outfitted with U'lanna zombie viruses. (Star Trek: The Stoneship Files: "Rode the 300")


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Nellie Y. McKay
Nellie Yvonne McKay (May 12, 1930 – January 22, 2006) was an American academic and author who was the Evjue-Bascom Professor of American and African-American Literature at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where she also taught in English and women's studies, and is best known as the co-editor (with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.) of the Norton Anthology of African-American Literature.
Born in Queens as Nellie Yvonne Reynolds, her parents were Jamaican immigrants. She was private about her age but was probably born between 1931 and 1947, according to colleagues. She graduated with a B.A. in English from Queens College in 1969, a master's in English and American literature from Harvard in 1971, and a Ph.D. in the same field from Harvard in 1977.
McKay was Assistant Professor of English and American Literature at Simmons College and Visiting Professor of Afro-American Literature at MIT between 1973 and 1978.
McKay joined the faculty of UW–Madison in 1978, receiving tenure in 1984. Her research specialties included 19th- and 20th-Century American and African American Literature, Black Women's Literature and Multicultural Women's Writings, all fields that essentially did not exist when she was a student, and whose modern curricula, by many accounts, became heavily indebted to her scholarship. Her colleague at UW–Madison, Craig Werner, said, "When she came here there was not a single university that was paying any attention to black women's literature. Now, there isn't a single university that isn't."[1] A former student recalls that, in 1979, McKay provided the class with photocopied versions of Native Son by Richard Wright and Black Manhattan by James Weldon Johnson, books that were then out of print, from her own rare copies.[2]
According to the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, in 1991 she was offered the Harvard University post in Afro-American Studies that was later taken by Gates, whom she had recommended in her stead.[3]
By the time she collaborated with Gates on the Norton Anthology of African-American Literature, in 1996, she was already widely known as a pre-eminent scholar in the field of black American literature, and Gates specifically sought her out. The book became a worldwide standard in the field and remains in print in a second edition. It was selected by former Poet Laureate of the United States Rita Dove in 2000 for the National Millennium Time Capsule created by the White House to be stored by the National Archives until the 22nd century, with Dove calling it "a lucid and eloquent history of one of this country's most significant subcultures".[4][5]
Her edited book Critical Essays on Toni Morrison is "largely credited with establishing the critical acclaim" that led to Morrison's Nobel Prize in Literature.[3] She played a key role in establishing the UW–Madison Lorraine Hansberry Visiting Professorship in the Dramatic Arts.[1] At the time of her death, McKay had been working on a revised edition of the seminal 1982 black feminist anthology All the Women Are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of Us Brave: Black Women's Studies, originally edited by Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell-Scott, and Barbara Smith.[6]
She was also advisory editor for the African American Review,[7] president of the Midwest Consortium of Black Studies[7] and a member of the Board of Directors of the Toni Morrison Society.[8]
McKay died January 22, 2006, of colon cancer at a hospice in Fitchburg, Wisconsin. She was believed to be in her 70s.
The University held a national symposium in her honor April 1, 2006, including a short film Remembering Nellie McKay by Pete McPartland Jr., and readings by over 40 fellow academics from across the country.[1]
- Fellow at the Institute for Research in the Humanities at UW–Madison (1991).
- Fellow at the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research[9]
- The UW–Madison Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award (1992)
- Multi-Ethnic Literature [Association] of the U.S. (MELUS) Annual Award for Contributions to Multi-Ethnic Literature (1996)
- The University of Wisconsin System Recognition for Outstanding Contributions to the System, particularly to Women of Color
- Inducted into the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (2001)[7]
- Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, University of Michigan (2002)[10]
McKay wrote more than 60 articles and essays in books and journals on figures such as Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker, touching on themes of black literature, American Literature, women's writings and on political issues of interest to the academic community.
- Jean Toomer, Artist: A Study of His Literary Life and Work, 1894-1936 (University of North Carolina, 1984) ISBN 0-8078-4171-4
- Critical Essays on Toni Morrison (editor with introduction, G.K. Hall, 1988) ISBN 0-8161-8884-X
- Race-Ing Justice, En-Gendering Power: Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality (with Toni Morrison and Michael Thelwell, Random House, 1992) ISBN 1-4177-1877-3
- The Sleeper Wakes: Harlem Renaissance Stories by Women (with Marcy Knopf, Rutgers University Press, 1993) ISBN 0-8135-1945-4
- Colored Woman in a White World (African-American Women Writers, 1910-1940) (with Mary Church Terrell, Macmillan Publishers, 1996) ISBN 0-7838-1421-6
- Norton Anthology of African-American Literature (General co-Editor with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; W.W. Norton, 1996; second edition, 2005) ISBN 0-393-97778-1
- Approaches to Teaching the Novels of Toni Morrison (ed. with Kathryn Earle, MLA Publications, 1997) ISBN 0-87352-741-0
- Toni Morrison's Beloved: A Casebook (ed. with William L. Andrews, Oxford University Press, 1999) ISBN 0-19-510796-9
- Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, a slave narrative by Harriet Jacobs (Norton Critical Edition co-edited with Frances Smith Foster), 2001) ISBN 0-393-97637-8
- On the Anthology: "Never again will anybody anywhere not be able to know about the existence of the African-American literature tradition. This is a bible, as far as I'm concerned."[11]
- "There is nothing mystical about African American literature that makes it the sole property of people of African descent."[12]
- ^ a b c "Symposium to honor memory of women's studies pioneer". University of Wisconsin–Madison. 2006-03-21. Retrieved 2006-10-28.
- ^ Valeria Davis (2006-09-06). "Prof. Nellie McKay: A great academic gift". Capital City Hues. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ a b "JBHE Weekly Bulletin: Nellie McKay (1930-2006)". Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. 2006-01-26. Retrieved 2006-10-28.
- ^ "National Medal Winner - Rita Dove". White House via National Archives. 2000. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ "Time Capsule". White House via National Archives. 2000. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ "Latest News". The Black Diaspora Consortium Project, the University of Texas. 2003. Retrieved 2006-10-28.
- ^ a b c "In Memoriam: Nellie McKay". African American Review. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ "In Memory of Our Dear Sister" (PDF). Toni Morrison Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-05-02. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ "Alumni Fellows". W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research. Archived from the original on 2006-09-01. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ "University honors three scholars with honorary degrees". University of Michigan. 2002-11-14. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ Jesse Garza (2006-01-23). "McKay co-edited landmark anthology". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
- ^ "BLACK HISTORY MONTH: The History of Us All: Remembering Nellie McKay". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2006-02-28. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
External links[edit]
- Nellie Y. McKay, Who Championed Black Writers, Dies - obituary from the New York Times
- Bio from 1998 University of California Riverside Aesthetics Conference
- Interview transcript, with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. PBS NewsHour, March 7, 1997
- Interview transcript PBS NewsHour, March 18, 1997
- 1930 births
- 2006 deaths
- University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
- African-American academics
- Harvard University alumni
- People from Queens, New York
- Writers from Madison, Wisconsin
- American people of Jamaican descent
- Deaths from colorectal cancer
- Queens College, City University of New York alumni
- Deaths from cancer in Wisconsin


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Collagen reorganization at the tumor-stromal interface facilitates local invasion
Stromal-epithelial interactions are of particular significance in breast tissue as misregulation of these interactions can promote tumorigenesis and invasion. Moreover, collagen-dense breast tissue increases the risk of breast carcinoma, although the relationship between collagen density and tumorigenesis is not well understood. As little is known about epithelial-stromal interactions in vivo, it is necessary to visualize the stroma surrounding normal epithelium and mammary tumors in intact tissues to better understand how matrix organization, density, and composition affect tumor formation and progression.
Epithelial-stromal interactions in normal mammary glands, mammary tumors, and tumor explants in three-dimensional culture were studied with histology, electron microscopy, and nonlinear optical imaging methodologies. Imaging of the tumor-stromal interface in live tumor tissue ex vivo was performed with multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy (MPLSM) to generate multiphoton excitation (MPE) of endogenous fluorophores and second harmonic generation (SHG) to image stromal collagen.
We used both laser-scanning multiphoton and second harmonic generation microscopy to determine the organization of specific collagen structures around ducts and tumors in intact, unfixed and unsectioned mammary glands. Local alterations in collagen density were clearly seen, allowing us to obtain three-dimensional information regarding the organization of the mammary stroma, such as radiating collagen fibers that could not have been obtained using classical histological techniques. Moreover, we observed and defined three tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS) that provide novel markers to locate and characterize tumors. In particular, local cell invasion was found predominantly to be oriented along certain aligned collagen fibers, suggesting that radial alignment of collagen fibers relative to tumors facilitates invasion. Consistent with this observation, primary tumor explants cultured in a randomly organized collagen matrix realigned the collagen fibers, allowing individual tumor cells to migrate out along radially aligned fibers.
The presentation of these tumor-associated collagen signatures allowed us to identify pre-palpable tumors and see cells at the tumor-stromal boundary invading into the stroma along radially aligned collagen fibers. As such, TACS should provide indications that a tumor is, or could become, invasive, and may serve as part of a strategy to help identify and characterize breast tumors in animal and human tissues.
Tissue microenvironments play an important role in maintaining normal cell behavior
Nonlinear microscopy techniques such as multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy (MPLSM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) provide powerful tools to image cellular autofluorescence and extracellular matrix structure in intact tissues
The purpose of this study was to characterize collagen morphology in intact tissues so as to understand the structure-function relationship of epithelial- and tumor-stromal interactions in the mammary gland with particular emphasis on local tumor cell invasion during carcinoma progression. We used both MPLSM and SHG imaging, in conjunction with additional correlative microscopy techniques, to detect differences in local collagen density near normal glands and mammary tumors, and identify distinct collagen fiber organization around tumors, with characteristic collagen structures such as radially aligned collagen fibers associated with tumor-cell invasion. Identification and characterization of these collagen signatures sheds insight into the process of tumor cell invasion, and may serve a diagnostic capacity for determining the invasive potential of tumors.
Mouse mammary tissues and tumors
This study was approved by the institutional animal use and care committee and meets N.I.H. guidelines for animal welfare. To study non-tumor bearing mammary glands, tissue was obtained from B6129SF2/J mice or Col1a1tmJae mice (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA). To study tumor-stromal interactions in intact tissue, two mouse breast tumor models were utilized: MMTV-Wnt-1 (colony founder mice provided by Dr. Caroline Alexander, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA) and MMTV-polyoma middle-T (abbreviated PyVT following the Jackson Laboratory title but is also commonly abbreviated as PyMT or PyV-MT; colony founder mice originally obtained from Jackson Laboratory were provided by Dr. Amy Moser, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA).
Tumor explants and collagen gel culture
To study tumor-mediated collagen reorganization and tumor cell invasion in vitro, tumor explants were obtained and cultured in a manner similar to a previous report by Friedl and co-workers
Multiphoton microscopy and second harmonic generation
Multiphoton excitation (MPE) with MPLSM allows imaging of endogenous fluorophores from deep inside live biological tissues with the fluorescence excitation primarily restricted to the plane of focus due to a quadratic dependence on the laser light intensity and a low probability of multiple low-energy photons being absorbed outside the focal plane
In Equation 1,
In contrast to multiphoton excitation, which obeys the fundamental physical relationship of energy loss following excitation, SHG is a conserved polarization process that follows the relationship
where the polarization (P) and electric field (E) are vectors, and the nonlinear susceptibilities, χ(i), are tensors. Therefore, SHG arises from the laser field suffering a conserved nonlinear, second-order, polarization when passing through non-centrosymmetric ordered structures that is described by term 2 of Equation 2.
For MPE and SHG imaging of live unfixed, intact (not sectioned), non-stained glands, and tumor explants within collagen gels, as well as hematoxylin and eosin stained histology slides, we used an optical workstation
Acquisition was performed with WiscScan
Histology and electron microscopy
For histology, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from eight B6129SF2/J mice and eight Col1a1tmJae mice were sectioned and stained for hematoxylin and eosin, trichrome, and picrosirius red using standard techniques. Additionally, all tissues imaged with MPLSM were subsequently fixed and processed for histology to confirm the presence of tumors and characterize the tumor morphology. Sample preparation for scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively) was performed by fixing whole mammary glands in 2.5% formaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer for 1 hr at room temperature (RT), after which sample were placed in fresh fixative overnight at 4°C. Samples were then washed in cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 1.5% osmium tetroxide at RT for 1.5 hrs. Samples (SEM n = 8 glands and TEM n = 6 glands) from B6129 mice were again washed in buffered solution and dehydrated, fractured, critical point dried, sputter coated, and imaged with SEM, or stained, dehydrated and cleared, embedded, and then sectioned for imaging with TEM
The normal mammary gland
Examination of the ECM surrounding mammary epithelial cells revealed that the majority of the stroma is fibrillar collagen, which was seen surrounding epithelial cells (Figure
Figure 1
Collagen morphology and the epithelial-stromal interaction in the mammary gland
Collagen morphology and the epithelial-stromal interaction in the mammary gland. (A) Picrosirius red staining (red), a selective collagen stain, indicating the primary stromal component is collagen (bar = 50 μm). (B) Low magnification (bar = 10 μm) TEM image of a mouse mammary duct (transverse section) showing the organization of epithelial (e) and myoepithelial (me) cells outside the lumen (L) in close association with the collagenous stroma (s), with myoepithelial cells not completely separating the stroma from the epithelial cells. (C) SEM image of the ductal end. (D) SEM image of collagen fibers interacting with ductal epithelial cells. (E) SEM image of collagen bundles wrapping around the cell in multiple directions. (F) Collagen fibrils possessing a rod-like structure with the characteristic ~67 nm banding pattern validating the presence of fibrillar collagen in proximity to epithelial cells. (G) SEM image of collagen fibrils immediately adjacent to the cell surface. (H) TEM image of collagen fibrils (col) next to the epithelial cell (e).
Although histology and electron microscopy provide valuable and detailed information regarding the composition and morphology of the epithelial-stromal interaction, these techniques are destructive to the sample and the capability for three-dimensional imaging is limited. Therefore, we have sought non-destructive imaging techniques (e.g. MPE/SHG) that allow imaging in four dimensions (x, y, z, and time). Combined MPE-SHG produced clear images of collagen (
Figure 2
MPLSM/SHG imaging reveals native collagen structure in living mammary gland
MPLSM/SHG imaging reveals native collagen structure in living mammary gland. A: (a) MPE/SHG image at the "top" of the mammary duct, showing both wavy and taut (straight) collagen structures as well as endogenous fluorescence from FAD in stromal cells (most likely fibroblasts and immune cells). (b) MPE/SHG image of a mammary duct demonstrating collagen wrapped around the duct as well as radiating out from the duct (as can be seen predominantly at the top of the micrograph near the end of the duct). (c) Enlarged section from (a) showing some aspects of collagen fibril structure that resemble the standard banding pattern seen in collagen fibrils from connective tissue. (d) SEM of mouse tendon mouse tendon demonstrating the ~67 nm banding pattern characteristic of collagen fibrils. (e) Correlative SEM image of collagen surrounding ductal epithelial cells showing both wavy (upper arrow) and taut (lower arrow) fibers that match the collagen structures obtained with MPE/SHG imaging. (f) MPE/SHG image of the region near the nipple in tissue demonstrating straightened collagen fibers radiating from the central ductal structure. (g) MPE/SHG image "above" the mammary duct showing both wavy and taut fiber structures. Note: all mammary tissues in A are from the B6/129 strain, which serves as the background strain for col1a1 mice. B: (a) Whole mount analysis from wild type control (top) and Wnt-1 mice (bottom), which display hyperplasia compared to wild type glands. (b,c) Histology of mammary glands from wild type control animals (b; H&E) and hyperplastic abnormal ducts from Wnt-1 mice (c; Masson's Trichrome). (d,e) MPLSM/SHG imaging of wild type control mammary duct demonstrating a ductal end (d) and branching (e). (f) MPLSM/SHG imaging of a mammary duct from a Wnt-1 mouse showing hyperplasia of the ductal structure and increased deposition of disorganized collagen. Note: All MPE/SHG images are from live intact tissues that are not fixed, sectioned, or stained; scale bar for MPE/SHG images equals 25 μm; scale bar for histology images equals 50 μm.
Additional File 1
MPM/SHG imaging of collagen and endogenous fluorescence in connective tissue and reconstituted 3D matrix. (A) SHG image of type I collagen in mouse Achilles tendon. (B) MPM/SHG image of cellular endogenous fluorescence and collagen in skin. (C)Collagen and NADP(H) detection with combined MPM/SHG imaging of mouse pectoral muscle. (D) SHG imaging of type I collagen in a reconstituted three-dimensional gel..
Click here for file
Detecting dense mammary tissue
High breast tissue density (due to increased collagen;
Figure 3
MPLSM/SHG imaging detects increased collagen density in the mammary gland
MPLSM/SHG imaging detects increased collagen density in the mammary gland. (A) H&E stain of wild type control mammary gland imaged with bright field microscopy. (B) MPE image of (A) showing the power of MPLSM to visualize collagen structure. (C) H&E stain of mammary gland from a col1a1/col1a1 homozygote mouse. (D) MPE image of (C) showing increased visualization of collagen density and structure and the irregular epithelial-stromal boundary, with epithelial cells invading into the locally increased collagen stroma. (E-G) MPLSM/SHG image of live mammary ducts that are not fixed, sectioned, or stained from wild type (E), heterozygous (F), and homozygous (G) col1a1 mice, showing increased collagen density in transgenic animals. (H) Z-stack of (F) spanning 340 μm (typical depth capability 350–440 μm) illustrating the structure of the glands and their relative location in the gland (see
Additional File 2
Col1a1tmJae mice possess collagen dense mammary tissue. Histology of homozygous col1a1 mice (A) showing increased collagen surrounding the mammary duct as detected with H&E trichrome, and picrosirius red (Picro) staining. (B) Increased collagen is also present in heterozygous col1a1 mice as detected with H&E; and picrosirius red staining (PS).
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Additional File 4
Movie file showing MPE/SHG imaging of collagen surrounding the mammary duct at >440 μm into the live tissue.
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Tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS)
Tumor-associated collagen signature-1
Analysis of tumor bearing Wnt-1 mice, which progress through hyperplasia, mammary adenocarcinoma, and invasive (metastatic) ductal carcinoma, revealed multiple epithelial clusters, containing hemorrhagic regions, intermixed and surrounded by increased collagenous stroma (i.e. desmoplasia), consistent with previous reports
Figure 4
The tumor-stromal interaction: representation of the three TACS in Wnt-1 mouse tumors
The tumor-stromal interaction: representation of the three TACS in Wnt-1 mouse tumors. (A-C) Micrographs illustrating the identified TACS. A: TACS-1. MPE/SHG image of TACS-1. Namely, a region of dense collagen (a, and surface map) "above" a non-palpable tumor (b,c; yellow outline) that is indicative of the presence of a small tumor (also see
Additional File 5
Movie showing MPE/SHG imaging of TACS-1.
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Tumor-associated collagen signatures-2 and -3
As the size of the tumor increased, we identified a second collagen signature, TACS-2: "taut" collagen fibers stretched around the tumor (Figure
In regions of tumor masses that are undergoing growth and invasion (Figure
To further investigate the behavior of the third collagen signature in a more invasive and metastatic cancer model, we utilized the well established and characterized PyVT mouse model. This model bears resemblance to many aspects of human cancer, is reliably invasive and metastatic following defined, progressive, and reliable histological grades from hyperplasia to adenoma, and then to early and late carcinoma, and therefore provides a good model for studying human disease
Figure 5
Study of TACS-2 and -3 in the more aggressive PyVT mouse tumor model
Study of TACS-2 and -3 in the more aggressive PyVT mouse tumor model. (A) TACS-2, with an enlarged cutout region (B) shown at higher brightness and contrast levels and a rough demarcation of the tumor-stromal boundary (red line; s = stroma; t = tumor) to further indicate the wrapping of the collagen parallel to the tumor boundary (distribution near 0°, see top right TACS-2 histogram of 106 regions from eight independent tumors). (C) TACS-3, with an enlarged cutout region (D) shown at higher brightness and contrast levels and a rough demarcation of the tumor-stromal boundary (red line; s = stroma; t = tumor). Note that although some cells have moved past this boundary (examples = x) into the fibers, the boundary serves as a general representation of irregular invasive region into radially aligned collagen fibers (frequency distribution around 90°, see middle right TACS-3 histogram of 109 regions from eight independent tumors). Furthermore, analysis of TACS-3 regions (E) at higher magnification (F) show endogenous cells associated with fibers at the tumor-stromal boundary and within the tumor. * Indicates examples of fibers interdigitated with the invasive tumor boundary and in contact with the invading tumor cells (red arrows). Scale bar for MPE/SHG images A, C, E, and F equals 25 μm, and 10 μm for B and D.
Figure 6
TACS-3 – radially aligned collagen fibers associated with invasion
TACS-3 – radially aligned collagen fibers associated with invasion. Combined MPE/SHG imaging of live intact PyVT mammary tumors indicates that (A) non-invading regions (*) possess taut collagen (TACS-2; white arrowhead) wrapped around the tumor, while regions of invasion (x) are linked to aligned collagen, with cells invading along radially aligned collagen fibers (TACS-3; black arrowheads). Examination of invasion at the tumor-stromal interface at higher magnification (B and C) clearly reveals the collagen alignment at specific regions of invasion (B) with tumor cells (*) in between, and in association with, aligned collagen fibers (C). (D) Example of an individual tumor cell attached to a collagen fiber leading away from the primary tumor. Additionally, tumor cells that have invaded across the tumor-stromal boundary can be visualized by separating the MPE and SHG signals or imaging with FLIM. (E) Combined MPE/SHG image of a TACS-3 region facilitating local invasion. The tumor-stromal boundary is not well preserved at this stage, but is roughly outlined in red. Examples of regions of cells that have invaded past the boundary are marked with an asterisk (t = the primary tumor). The red arrowhead indicates cells near the tumor boundary that are migrating along aligned collagen fibers away from the primary tumor. (F) MPE and SHG signal separation of the image shown in E. MPE signal is represented in red pseudo-color while SHG is shown in green pseudo-color. Note the interdigitation of aligned collagen fibers (green) into the tumor, with individual, or lines of, cells (* in E) migrating away from the tumor on collagen fibers. (G) FLIM micrograph of invading cells at the TACS-3 region shown in E and F. Collagen (blue; no fluorescence lifetime) can be distinguished from cells (green to yellow), confirming the presence of invading cells at the tumor-stromal boundary and cells that have migrated past the boundary in association with collagen. The color bar in G ranges represents the weighted mean ranging from 100 ps (blue) to 1 ns (red). Scale bars equal 25 μm in A, E, F, and G; 10 μm in B, C, and D.
Additional File 3
MPLSM examination of TACS-2 and TACS-3 in H&E sections of PyVT tumors. Left Column: Non-invading region of the tumor showing TACS-2 (see middle left panel arrows) that can be confirmed with MPLSM (bottom left). Right Column: Invading region of the tumor showing TACS-3 (see middle right panel arrows for examples of invading cells) that can be detected and confirmed with MPLSM (botton right). Boxes in top row indicate region examined in the middle panels.
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To further test the hypothesis that tumor cells realign the collagenous matrix to facilitate local invasion, we determined whether tumor cells could reorganize a random collagen matrix. Analysis of tumor explants within type-I collagen gels revealed radial collagen alignment at regions of tumor cell invasion into previously randomly aligned collagen gels (Figure
Figure 7
Collagen matrix reorganization by tumor cells facilitates local invasion of tumor cells
Collagen matrix reorganization by tumor cells facilitates local invasion of tumor cells. Combined MPE/SHG imaging of tumor explants cultured within 3D collagen gels for eight hours demonstrates that tumor cells reorganize a previously random matrix to facilitate invasion. (A) Region of 3D collagen gel remote from the tumor demonstrating the random orientation of collagen present within 3D collagen gels in a region that has not been reorganized by a specific outside force. This random organization is specifically altered by cells from tumor explants as the cells contract and reorganize the collagen matrix. Similar to data in live intact tissues, non-invading regions show collagen pulled in near the explant but wrapped around the tumor boundary (B), while at regions of tumor cell invasion into the collagen gel, collagen has been radially aligned by the tumor cells (white arrow heads C) with cells (*) in direct contact with the collagen matrix (white arrowheads; D). Therefore, at regions of tumor cell invasion, collagen has been reorganized to a radial alignment from a random orientation, indicating a structural realignment of collagen fibers facilitates local invasion. Scale bar equals 25 μm.
Intrinsic fluorescence detection with multiphoton excitation in combination with SHG facilitates three-dimensional, high resolution, imaging in unfixed, unsectioned, unstained mammary tissues. This imaging provides information commonly obtained with classical histology and EM without the need for complex and destructive sample preparation, and with additional structural information in four dimensions. With MPE/SHG, mammary gland tissue could be clearly imaged at depths of 440 nm, and changes in collagen density could be reliably detected. Furthermore, three-dimensional imaging of tumors in situ revealed three now defined TACS, which provide standard hallmarks to locate and characterize tumors: TACS-1, the presence of dense collagen, indicated by increased signal intensity at a region around the tumor as a standard hallmark for locating small tumor regions; TACS-2, the presence of taut (straightened) collagen fibers stretched around the tumor, indicating growth leading to increased tumor volume; and TACS-3, the identification of radially aligned collagen fibers facilitating invasion, which may be indicative of the invasive and metastatic growth potential of a tumor. Together these signatures may serve a mechanism to help identify and characterize breast tumors in experimental animal models as well as human cancers and fresh tumor biopsies.
The breast epithelial cell-ECM interaction is responsible for influencing cell polarity, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration
The importance of matrix composition and morphology around the mammary epithelium is illustrated by studies showing that misregulated stromal-epithelial interactions can promote tumorigenesis
The data presented indicate that tumor cells often localize near dense collagen or promote a desmoplastic response and contract and localize collagen, followed by tumor growth and expansion (stretching) of the collagen matrix leading to matrix reorganization (possibly assisted by proteolytic cleavage
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interest. However, portions of the technologies presented in the manuscript are patent pending. The authors have no interest, arrangement, or affiliation that could be perceived as a conflict of interest in the context of this manuscript.
Authors' contributions
PPP conducted all MPLSM, SHG, SEM, and histology experiments, managed mouse colonies, performed 3D cell culture experiments, analyzed the imaging data, and prepared the manuscript and figures. DRI assisted with mice and performed 3D culture experiments. JMC performed TEM imaging of mouse glands. KWE and JGW assisted with specific technical aspects of nonlinear imaging and data analysis as well as project coordination. PJK participated in the design and coordination of the project and assisted with data analysis. PPP, KWE, JGW, and PJK cooperatively designed the project and discussed data interpretation and analysis. All authors participated in critical editing of the manuscript and read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors thank Drs Caroline Alexander and Amy Moser for providing colony founder mice, Curtis Rueden for assistance with VisBio, and the Materials Science Center and BBPIC for EM resources. This work was supported by grants from the DOD-CDMRP/BCRP: W81XWH-04-1-0428 to PPP, the S.G. Komen Foundation: BCTR02-1841 and NIH: CA076537 to P.J.K. and NIH NIBIB: R01-EB000184 to J.G.W and K.W.E.
Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary cultures on reconstituted basement membrane
Alteration of collagen-dependent adhesion, motility, and morphogenesis by the expression of antisense α2 integrin mRNA in mammary cells
A hierarchy of ECM-mediated signalling regulates tissue-specific gene expression
The spatial and temporal expression of the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and its ligands, collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin, suggest important roles in mouse mammary morphogenesis
The alpha(2) integrin subunit-deficient mouse: a multifaceted phenotype including defects of branching morphogenesis and hemostasis
The origin of the myofibroblasts in breast cancer. Recapitulation of tumor environment in culture unravels diversity and implicates converted fibroblasts and recruited smooth muscle cells
Know thy neighbor: stromal cells can contribute oncogenic signals
Human breast cancer cells generated by oncogenic transformation of primary mammary epithelial cells
Single cell behavior in metastatic primary mammary tumors correlated with gene expression patterns revealed by molecular profiling
Mammographic densities as a marker of human breast cancer risk and their use in chemoprevention
Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk
Nonlinear optical imaging of cellular processes in breast cancer
Live tissue intrinsic emission microscopy using multiphoton-excited native fluorescence and second harmonic generation
Three-dimensional imaging of collagen using second harmonic generation
Imaging cells and extracellular matrix in vivo by using second-harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence
Multiphoton excitation provides optical sections from deeper within scattering specimens than confocal imaging
Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy
Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences
New developments in multiphoton microscopy
Long-term two-photon fluorescence imaging of mammalian embryos without compromising viability
Second harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins
Collective cell movement in primary melanoma explants: plasticity of cell-cell interaction, beta1-integrin function, and migration strategies
Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy
Basic principle of multi-photon excitation microscopy
Polarization-dependent optical second-harmonic imaging of a rat-tail tendon
Interpreting second-harmonic generation images of collagen I fibrils
An optical workstation with concurrent, independent multiphoton imaging and experimental laser microbeam capabilities
WiscScan: a software defined laser-scanning microscope
Image processing with ImageJ
VisBio: a computational tool for visualization of multidimensional biological image data
Fixation, dehydration and embedding of biological specimens
Growth and development of collagen fibrils in connective tissue
Collagen receptor control of epithelial morphogenesis and cell cycle progression
Topographical arrangement of basement membrane proteins in lactating rat mammary gland: Comparison of the distribution of type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and Thy-1 at the ultrastructural level
Use of MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice for studying the genetic basis of breast cancer
Mammographic density is related to stroma and stromal proteoglycan expression
Heritability of mammographic density, a risk factor for breast cancer
A targeted mutation at the known collagenase cleavage site in mouse type I collagen impairs tissue remodeling
Dynamic imaging of collagen and its modulation in tumors in vivo using second-harmonic generation
Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms
Collective cell migration in morphogenesis and cancer
Progression to malignancy in the polyoma middle T oncoprotein mouse breast cancer model provides a reliable model for human diseases
Functional imaging of pericellular proteolysis in cancer cell invasion
Tissue architecture: the ultimate regulator of epithelial function?
Regulation of mammary gland branching morphogenesis by the extracellular matrix and its remodeling enzymes
Imaging invasion and metastasis in vivo
Application of a probabilistic microstructural model to determine reference length and toe-to-linear region transition in fibrous connective tissue
Collagen; ultrastructure and its relation to mechanical properties
ROCK-generated contractility regulates breast epithelial cell differentiation in response to the physical properties of a three-dimensional collagen matrix
Increased content of type V collagen in desmoplasia of human breast carcinoma
Tumor cells caught in the act of invading: their strategy for enhanced cell motility
Conditional ROCK activation in vivo induces tumor cell dissemination and angiogenesis
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: