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DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide
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1 DIGITAL radio mondiale DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide
2 DIGITAL radio mondiale IMPRESSUM The DRM Digital Broadcasting System Introduction and Implementation Guide Copyright: DRM Consortium, Postal Box 360, CH 1218 Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Published and produced by the DRM Consortium Editor: Nigel Laflin Date of Publication: August 2012 Designed by: Matthew Ward For inquiries and orders contact: Registered address: DRM Consortium, PO BOX 360, CH 1218, Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland DRM Project Office, C/o BB Global News 3rd Floor, Brock House, 19 Langham Street, London, W1A 1AA Phone: +44 (0)
3 The DRM Digital Broadcasting System Introduction and Implementation Guide PREFACE This guide is aimed at the management of broadcasting organisations in areas of policy making as well as in programme making and technical planning. It explains in some detail the advantages gained by radio broadcasters introducing the DRM Digital Radio Mondiale technology and some of the technical and commercial considerations they need to take into account in formulating a strategy for its introduction. The guide is a development of the previous Broadcast User Guide and includes information on latest system and regulatory aspects for the introduction of the various DRM system variants. It also includes links to reports and articles on an extensive range of highly successful real-life trials. Digital Radio MondialeTM (DRM) is the universal, openly standardised digital broadcasting system for all broadcasting frequencies up to 240 MHz, including LW, MW, SW, bands I, II (FM band) and III. DRM is greener, clearer, wider, bigger, better quality & audio content and cost efficient than analogue radio; it provides digital sound quality and the ease-of-use that comes from digital radio, combined with a wealth of enhanced features such as, Surround Sound, Journaline text information, Slideshow, EPG, and data services. DRM on short, medium and long wave for broadcasting bands up to 30 MHz (called 'DRM30') provides large coverage areas and low power consumption. The DRM standard for broadcast frequencies above 30 MHz (called 'DRM+') uses the same audio coding, data services, multiplexing and signalling schemes as DRM30, but introduces an additional transmission mode optimised for those bands. This provides a digital radio solution for those broadcasters seeking a single service solution (i.e. not part of a multiservice multiplex). The DRM system specification is published as ETSI standard ES [1]. A full list of DRM standards and specifications is available on-line at A summary list is also included in Annex 1. Readers looking for greater technical detail can refer to a range of published information that covers various specialised aspects of the DRM system and which provides detailed explanations of its operation. The most important ones are noted in Section 12, or are listed on the DRM website: The DRM Consortium (Digital Radio Mondiale) is an international not-for-profit organisation composed of broadcasters, network providers, transmitter and receiver manufacturers, universities, broadcasting unions and research institutes. Its aim is to support and spread a digital broadcasting system suitable for use in all the frequency bands up to VHF Band III. As of 2012 there are 93 members and 90 Supporters from 39 countries active within the Consortium. DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide 3
4 CONTENTS IMPRESSUM 2 PREFACE 3 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY What is DRM? Why go Digital? Key system features 9 3 INTRODUCTION The objectives of this guide What s included in this guide? 11 4 LAUNCHING DIGITAL RADIO SERVICES Introduction Critical success factors for Digital Radio Working together promotes success Consumers need a reason to buy Technology solutions need to be readily available Marketing needs to be right Digital Migration Migration policy and choice of technology Migration Strategies Market Seeding Trojan Horse migration 15 5 THE DRM SYSTEM Principle features The Broadcast chain DRM content encoding and Multiplexing DRM distribution DRM Coding and Modulation Broadcast signal framing Configuring the DRM system 20 4
5 5.3.1 Modulation & Coding parameters Service multiplexing and pay-load capacity Single and Multi Frequency Networks Simulcast Alternative Frequency Signalling (Checking and Switching) Programme acquisition The AM Signalling System (AMSS) 26 6 DRM CONTENT Broadcast meta-data Service ID {M} Service Labelling {M} Programme Type Service Language Country of origin Audio content Audio Coding Optimising sound quality Value-added services Overview DRM Text Messages Journaline text information service Electronic Program Guide (EPG) Slideshow TMC (Traffic Message Channel) 35 7 DRM RECEIVERS DRM Receiver Specifications Receiver development Software radios Man-machine interface (MMI) 39 8 REGULATION & STANDARDISATION Regulation DRM Standards 43 DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide 5
6 9 BROADCAST NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE Programme distribution Multiplex Distribution Network Synchronization Transmitting in DRM30 modes Overview DRM Amplification Using Non-Linear Amplifiers for DRM The DRM Signal AM transmitter conversion Performance of DRM30 transmitters Out of band Power (OOB) Use of older Transmitters for DRM Trials Transmitting in DRM+ configuration Network system architectures for DRM Basic DRM+ setup DRM+ Simulcast Mode DRM+ combined Mode Setup (signal level combining) Spectrum masks and protection levels for DRM VHF Bands I and II VHF Band III Transmitter Monitoring Characterising Transmitter Performance: the MER Test Equipment Antenna Systems MF Antennas LF Antennas Matching and Combining Networks Implementing a DRM Service on an Existing Antenna System SERVICE PLANNING Scope Network topologies Single Frequency Networks (SFNs) Multi-frequency networks Available Frequency Bands LF/MF/HF MHz band 68 6
7 Band I (47 68 MHz) Band II ( MHz) Band III ( MHz) Other VHF Frequency Bands Planning tools Planning data for DRM DRM30 Theoretical S/N ratios DRM minimum field-strengths (MFS) Relative protection and power reduction Planning data for DRM Reception modes Correction factors for field-strength predictions System parameters for field-strength predictions Mode E Single frequency operation capability Minimum wanted field strength values Position of DRM frequencies Protection ratios for DRM Protection ratios for other broadcasting systems interfered with by DRM Sharing Criteria with Other Services Reception Monitoring DRM INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Summary IPR and the DRM Consortium Licenses for DRM IPR Manufacturers of DRM equipment Marketing of DRM products Use of DRM logo on products REFERENCES GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS ANNEXES 90 ANNEX 1 List of main DRM Standards 90 ANNEX 2 COFDM basics 91 ANNEX 3 DRM Radio Reciever Profiles 92 ANNEX 4 Information on DRM field trials 94 DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide 7
8 DIGITAL radio mondiale 2 Executive Summary 2.1 What is DRM? The DRM Broadcasting system has been designed by broadcasters, for broadcasters, but with the active assistance and participation of both transmitter and receiver manufacturers and other interested parties (such as regulatory bodies). It has been designed specifically as a high quality digital replacement for current analogue radio broadcasting in the AM and FM/VHF bands; as such it can be operated with the same channelling and spectrum allocations as currently employed. An overview of the frequency-bands where DRM operates is shown in Figure 2.1. The DRM standard describes a number of different operating modes, which may be broadly split into two groups as follows: DRM30 modes, which are specifically designed to utilise the AM broadcast bands below 30MHz, and DRM+ modes, which utilise the spectrum from 30 MHz to VHF Band III, centred on the FM broadcast Band II. Figure 2.1: Frequency Band Overview DRM has received the necessary recommendations from the ITU, hence providing the international regulatory support for transmissions to take place. The main DRM standard [1] has been published by ETSI. In addition, ETSI publishes and is the repository of the entire range of current DRM technical standards. Apart from the ability to fit in with existing spectrum requirements, the DRM system also benefits from being an open system 1. All manufacturers and interested parties have free access to the complete technical standards, and are able to design and manufacture equipment on an equitable basis. This has proved to be an important mechanism for ensuring the timely introduction of new systems to the market and for accelerating the rate at which equipment prices reduce. This is a significant consideration for broadcasters investing in DRM infrastructure, manufacturers investing in receiver development and production, and even more for the listeners who will need to invest in the new DRM-capable receivers. 1 An open system or standard is one in which a complete system description is openly published with sufficient technical detail to allow a manufacturer to implement the whole or part of the broadcast chain. 8
9 2.2 Why go Digital? There is a global trend towards the adoption of digital technology in radio and communications, especially for distribution and transmission. Digitalisation offers many substantial advantages to national and international broadcasters and infocasters. We are now seeing the introduction of high quality digital delivery system in homes. Although FM sound broadcasting is gradually moving to a DAB standard in Band III, the possibilities for extending coverage in the FM Band ( MHz) remains limited. For many national and international broadcasters, the advantages of a complementary digital broadcast system below 30 MHz are becoming clear. However, the limited fidelity of existing AM services is causing listeners to search for other alternatives. Implementation of digital radio in today's AM bands (i.e. long, medium and shortwave) will enable operators to provide services which will be successful with both existing and future high-quality services operating on other parts of the dial. Digital broadcasting on short-, medium-, or long wave (AM) has many advantages when compared to the conventional analogue system we use now. DRM+ has a narrow bandwidth that provides an ideal digital solution for those regional and local broadcasters for whom a broadband-shared multiplex is not suitable. The coverage can be tailored to the individual broadcasting station requirements and there are no complex and potentially expensive multiplex agreements to negotiate. Furthermore, the high commonality with the existing DRM standard allows easy and fast equipment implementation. It is therefore a flexible solution allowing single or small numbers of audio services to be broadcast together. The introduction of DRM services allows a broadcaster to provide listeners with significant improvements in service reliability, audio quality and, most importantly, usability. By usability we mean those features that enhance the listener experience, as outlined below. The DRM standard provides many features and facilities that are impossible to replicate in analogue broadcasting. It is essential that prospective broadcasters understand the potential and flexibility of the system in order to allow them to optimise and configure their DRM networks in accordance with their particular market conditions. From a technical perspective, a key and revolutionary feature of DRM is the ability to select from a range of transmission modes. This allows the broadcasters to balance or exchange bit-rate capacity, signal robustness, transmission power and coverage. What s more, it is possible to do this dynamically, in response to any local changes in the environment, without disturbing the audience. A classic problem that can be mitigated by this feature is dealing with night-time sky-wave interference in the AM bands. Furthermore, DRM is the only digital radio system that embraces all the currently used radio frequency bands; it provides an ideal replacement for existing analogue services as well as complementing existing digital services such as DAB. From a commercial perspective, there is no demand from audiences to consume digital services for their own sake. It is essential therefore that the audience is presented both with receivers at prices it is prepared to pay and, more importantly, an attractive package of benefits: The availability of a wider range of services, Easier tuning and selection of programming e.g. automatic switching between different transmitters or electronic programme guides. Improved formats such as stereo in the AM bands and surround-sound in cars, Improved and more consistent sound quality Programme-associated data, textual content description or even independent services such as traffic information The importance of quality content, while outside the scope of this guide, cannot be stressed too highly. Subsequent sections of this guide provide more detailed information on these enhancements. 2.3 Key system features The system is specifically designed to allow the new digital transmissions to co-exist with the current analogue broadcasts, and a significant amount of work has been undertaken to quantify the operating parameters that assure mutual analogue and digital compatibility. Hence the changeover from analogue to digital broadcasting can be phased over a period of time, which in turn allows existing broadcasters to spread the required investment to meet any budgetary constraints. Furthermore, unlike some other digital systems, the DRM DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide 9
10 system has been designed to allow suitable analogue transmitters to be modified to switch easily between digital and analogue broadcasts. This can significantly reduce the initial investment cost for a broadcaster. An additional budgetary benefit is the reduction of transmission energy costs. DRM exploits the unique propagation properties of the AM bands. The introduction of DRM30 services allows a broadcaster to provide listeners with significantly improved audio quality and service reliability. As a result, international broadcasters can provide services on SW and MW that are comparable to local FM services, whilst enhancing the listener experience with easier tuning and added data services. National and local LF and MF broadcasters will derive similar benefits. This is not all; a summary of the key benefits of DRM for the listeners, manufacturers, broadcasters and regulators is given in Figure 2.3. In the VHF bands, DRM+ can be configured to use less spectrum than current stereo FM broadcasts, whilst additionally deriving the potential benefits of increased robustness, reduced transmission power, increased coverage or additional services. Excellent quality sound in stereo DRM30, CD quality in DRM+ Data such as text, pictures and Journaline Easy tuning on station name LISTENERS Replace receivers with new digital receivers Increase the market potential Increase possibilities for new areas of interest and content MANUFACTURERS Multilingual programme are possible plus extra information Reduced power consumption of up to 40-50% Increased opportunity for revenue generation streams BROADCASTERS Uses less spectrum and release spectrum for other use An international standard Lower power costs green broadcasting Emergency warning alert REGULATORS Figure 2.3: Key Benefits of DRM DRM is unique in providing an extensive and extremely powerful toolkit array of operating modes and techniques, which allow a broadcaster to tailor the system to best meet the needs of his or her particular market. For instance, DRM allows the independent selection of modulation parameters (code-rates, constellation, guardintervals etc.) to enable an optimum trade-off between capacity and signal robustness. DRM also supports both multi- and single-frequency network operation, (MFN/SFN), and hand-over to other frequencies and even other networks (AFS Automatic Frequency Checking & Switching). This latter feature allows a broadcaster operating on several different platforms to hand a listener from DRM to AM, FM or DAB and back again. The appropriate signalling is intrinsically supported by DRM and DAB, and by data carriers on AM and FM (AMSS and RDS respectively). Of particular note amongst the various data services is the DRM Electronic Programme Guide (EPG), which allows listeners with appropriate receivers to access the broadcast schedule and set recording times accordingly, and Journaline accompanying audio programmes with interactive textual information, like news, or graphics. DRM is being operated at power levels ranging from a few watts on 26MHz through to several hundred kilowatts on long-wave. It is possible to utilise the one technical standard to provide coverage ranging from international, national (c.1000 km), all the way down to local community radio (c.1 km radius). 10
11 3 Introduction 3.1 The objectives of this guide This document is written primarily as a guide to radio broadcasters contemplating a transition from analogue to digital broadcasting in the AM and VHF broadcasting bands. It will also be of value to manufacturers, serviceplanners, administrations and regulatory bodies involved with broadcasting systems and/or policy. The document is intended to: Explain how and why a broadcaster might go digital, from both technical and commercial perspectives. Describe the basic operation of the DRM system and its many features. Provide a definitive source of references to key technical standards, including regulatory, co-ordination and planning information for DRM broadcasting. Supplement various existing documents, as appropriate. Provide information on where to find additional material on the practical experiences and know-how that DRM members, broadcasters and supporters have gained from several system trials. 3.2 What s included in this guide? This guide provides more detailed information on both the techniques described above and other useful features, such as bespoke commercial applications designed to run on the DRM platform. The techniques are generally applicable equally to international, national and local services. This document addresses the following aspects of the DRM system in particular, and Digital Radio in general: Launching Digital Radio: Includes a summary of the critical success factors and lessons learnt by broadcasters who have migrated and launched digital radio services. DRM Technology: Description of the broadcast chain and main features of the DRM System, followed by a look at the options for tailoring a DRM system to broadcasters requirements. The DRM System section also introduces multi- and single-frequency networks, alternative-frequency signalling and DRM simulcast options. DRM Content: This section covers all aspects of DRM content, from essential meta-data relating to receiver tuning through audio coding and quality issues, to finally, an overview of value-added services. Broadcast Network Infrastructure: contains a description the broadcast network from studio output through to the radiated signal. This section includes a wealth of practical knowledge related to DRM transmitter specifications, antenna systems, programme distribution, network synchronisation and information relating to transmitter measurements and monitoring equipment. DRM receivers: It provides an overview of recent DRM receiver technology and relevant specifications. Regulatory aspects and Service Planning: Information on how DRM services may be introduced into the bands with respect to the HFCC planning process in the SW bands, and the existing Regional Plans covering the LW and MW or higher frequency bands. Specialised applications such as NVIS (Near Vertical Incidence Sky-wave) and SFN (Single Frequency Networks) are also explained here. Information is also included here on how transmissions may be monitored in order to verify coverage. In addition, this guide includes information on the regulatory and planning aspects for the introduction of DRM+ in the VHF frequency bands. IPR: A description of DRM branding and logos, together with a description of the DRM technology licensing process. Annexes: Further technical descriptions of the DRM system and related technology, together with reference to published articles and system trials. DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide 11
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13 4 Launching Digital Radio Services 4.1 Introduction Building a digital radio network is relatively easy. Migrating listeners and/or building an audience from scratch is a significant challenge. Over the last decade this has been amply demonstrated in a diversity of markets and driven by both public and commercial radio consortia. It is instructive to examine the underlying reasons for this situation, and indeed for those markets where digital radio has achieved some success, much analysis has already been undertaken to understand both the mistakes made and the critical success factors involved. These are summarised below. 4.2 Critical success factors for Digital Radio Several factors have all been identified as key determinants to success in building an audience on digital radio. The principle challenge lies in getting digital receivers into the market in volume. Inevitably, for a new technology, we re starting from an installed-receiver base of zero. Consumers need to be initially made aware that exciting new services are on-air, and then be told how they can receive them. These are marketing issues. The approach taken by an individual broadcaster will clearly be dependent on a number of factors, not least the budget available, access to broadcast spectrum, the nature, competitiveness and maturity of the local radio market, and the demographics of the target audience Working together promotes success All the stake-holders need to be co-ordinated and committed to the launch of digital radio services to reduce overall risk. Factors that are crucial to ensuring success include: Regulatory incentives and support from the local administration. Ideally, all broadcasters operating in the same region (both commercial and public service) participating in the launch, or at least a grouping with sufficient resources to launch a critical mass of new services. Similarly, the full engagement of transmission providers, and crucially, retailers and receiver manufacturers. Getting the whole process started involves a series of logical conditions to be met. These feed back positively in a loop, which fundamentally requires the broadcaster to take the initiative: Consumers won t buy new radio products unless there is a compelling reason to buy (exciting new content, must have added-value services or features, etc.) Retailers won t stock new products unless they can see consumer demand. Manufacturers will not produce radios without retailers orders. All too frequently, a broadcaster will not launch new digital services due to an absence of digital radios or very low market penetration. In some countries this process is aided and the loop booted through the formation of one or more. National Platforms, where plans are developed and co-ordinated and funding agreed. DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide 13
14 4.2.2 Consumers need a reason to buy The most powerful driver found to date is access to new content. There are other drivers, for instance ease of use and launching services with an absence of advertising into a market where such advertising is perceived as intrusive by a large section of the audience. Additionally; Benefits need to match price of entry. Improved quality has only marginal attraction: there may be some examples where this does assist take-up, but it is very much a secondary factor Technology solutions need to be readily available It goes without saying that the receiver industry must play its part in ensuring that products are available at the right moment and at the right price-point. Creating a strong initial demand through appropriate marketing assists in raising volumes and reducing costs Marketing needs to be right It is essential that the marketing of the new services is sustained and high profile. Existing broadcasters can use their own media to cross-promote: television, radio and on-line. Competitions can be held with prizes of digital radios. Using creative scheduling, it is possible to entice people to use digital services by, for example, pre-releasing prime content on digital ahead of analogue, or vice-versa, using the digital service to repeat programmes which were missed the first time round. It is important that all stakeholders play their part for the greater good. Each party may perceive high risks (though not at the same time); a collaborative model reduces these risks as far a possible and should lead more quickly to success. 4.3 Digital Migration The DRM system was specifically designed to align with and make use of current analogue spectrum allocations to co-exist with current analogue broadcasts 2. This allows broadcasters to make the required investment on a timescale that meets their budgetary needs. It will ensure that expensively acquired and perfectly satisfactory transmission equipment and infrastructure is not suddenly made obsolete. Suitable analogue transmitters can be modified to switch between digital and analogue broadcasts, further reducing the initial investment required for a broadcaster wishing to migrate to DRM. This in turn allows broadcasters to focus their capital resources on new content and services. Additionally, the reduction of the transmitting energy costs allows additional revenue savings, which can be ploughed back into programming. Apart from the ability to fit in with existing spectrum requirements, the DRM system also benefits from being an open system, allowing any manufacturer to design and manufacture equipment on an equitable basis. This has proved, in the recent past, to be an important mechanism for ensuring the timely introduction to market of new systems and for accelerating the rate at which equipment prices reduce. This is a significant consideration for broadcasters but even more so for the millions of listeners who will need to invest in new, DRM-capable receivers. 4.4 Migration policy and choice of technology It is clearly important for any administration regulating broadcasting to choose the systems used for digital broadcasting, both radio and TV, in order to avoid consumer confusion and a proliferation of standards. It also avoids the premature writing-off of investments made by broadcasters in the wrong technology. Factors that might become of greater importance in the 21st century include: Energy constraints: choice of system to minimise power consumption in both transmitters and consumer receivers. Efficient network planning and robust transmission parameters play a key part, optimising coverage and avoiding excessive transmitter power levels. Economic and Social benefits which might flow from, for instance, the provision of universal real-time traffic information, or local design and manufacture of digital receivers. Control of long-term costs through a full knowledge of royalty charges and the ability to design and manufacture locally, free of operating licenses, trade secrets and similar barriers to a fully-competitive open market. 2 DRM30 modes have received the necessary mandate for use the AM bands worldwide and DRM+ modes in FM Band II by way of ITU recommendations, and these provide the international regulatory basis upon which transmissions may take place. 14
15 Market Regulation which works toward the common-good, and avoids the disenfranchisement of some listeners and/or broadcasters. For instance, this might include the requirement to co-site transmitters to avoid local holes being punched in the service area of other radio stations, and a mandate that radio receivers should incorporate all relevant standards used for radio within the territory. 4.5 Migration Strategies Many creative solutions have been proposed which address the issue of how to initially launch a new digital service when there are no receivers in the market Market Seeding The most radical example of this technique requires an up-front investment in receivers: the broadcaster places an order for a large quantity of digital receivers, which are then either given to consumers or sold with a significant discount. One broadcaster proposed purchasing 500,000 receivers, and free-issuing to taxi-cabs, retails outlets and domestic consumers. This strategy yields a low initial receiver cost, combined with the ability to guarantee potential advertisers a sizeable audience from day one Trojan Horse migration The Trojan Horse approach to digital migration has the potential to seed the market with digital radios ahead of a formal digital radio service. This serves as a catalyst to the launch process and boots the positive feedback loop described earlier. The technique is simply to introduce and market new analogue receivers which include some new or distinctive features which are either intrinsic to the radio itself (e.g. recording-to-memory, radical styling), and, or can be readily supported by existing broadcasts (some RDS or AMSS data service etc.). These new radios also support DRM, but initially this is not the key feature used for marketing; the DRM function is hidden, and hence the term Trojan Horse. In this scenario, it is clearly vital to have a medium-term strategy agreed and co-ordinated with the receiver manufacturers. Once sales have reached some target, digital services can be launched to an audience that is ready-equipped with receivers. MORE CONTROL Nautel s Advanced User Interface (AUI) gives you more DRM transmitter control and instrumentation at the transmitter site, office or even your living room. Learn more at Making Digital Radio Work DRM Introduction and Implementation Guide 15
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Mathnasium of Redding
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May 6, 2016
My girls learned a lot during their time at Mathnasium. I'm hoping they are going to reopen in Redding.
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February 6, 2016
Kristen Marelich
The teachers were very good at working with my granddaughter. She became able to work out problems in her head, which was wonderful! And they accomplished my stated goal of enabling her to enjoy math, which we are very grateful for! In December we went to Mathnasium; however, it was empty and closed. Will you be re-opening in Redding?
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Carrollton Locksmith Thanks for visiting Sitz's
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text:
2015-16 Game 18
From the Wolverines rocky start, to the smooth play in the middle to the defenseless end, here are our five key plays from Iowa City.
For much of Sunday's 82-71 loss to Iowa, the Wolverines' list of mistakes looked as short as ever. Michigan looked on par with the current Big Ten favorite without its leading scorer, and even looked poised for an upset late in the second half.
Michigan dropped its second Big Ten game of the season in Iowa City on Sunday evening, falling to an Iowa team that continues to emerge as one of the best in the Big Ten.
IOWA CITY — After a back-and-forth game that resulted in an 82-71 loss to No. 16 Iowa, the Michigan basketball team ended a three-game stretch in which every game was against a top-25 team. Michigan coach John Beilein discussed the loss, improving as a team, and the state of the Wolverines moving forward.
IOWA CITY — Bubbling with confidence after a win over No. 3 Maryland on Tuesday, the Michigan basketball team traveled to Iowa for what very well could be its toughest game of the year on Sunday.
Even without leading scorer and senior guard Caris LeVert, the Wolverines (3-2 Big Ten, 13-5 overall) stood tall against the 16th-ranked Hawkeyes. But battling one of the nation's best defenses, Michigan faltered in the second half and left with a 82-71 loss.
Michigan is in Iowa City this afternoon in search of its first road win over the Hawkeyes since 2011. Tip-off is scheduled for 4:30 p.m. with Jon Crispin and Jeff Levering on the call for the Big Ten Network.
John Beilein, Duncan Robinson, Aubrey Dawkins and Mark Donnal met with the media on Friday afternoon to preview Michigan's upcoming trip to Iowa. Watch all three players and their coach in the media players after the jump.
Fair or unfair, the perception of Iowa under Fran McCaffery seems to be a talented program that always seems to disappoint at the most opportune times. Four games into the Big Ten season, this Iowa team has proven that its different.


text:
Psychotherapists and Counsellors for Social responsibility
Time: April 29, 2017 all day
Location: Hannafore Point Hotel
City/Town: Looe, Cornwall
Event Type: workshop
Organized By: Lesley Chiles
Latest Activity: Jan 30
Export to Outlook or iCal (.ics)
In this day we will explore the apocalyptic fantasies that arise from the tear in the fabric of our culture. How can we respond to clients' (and our own) attempts to bear what might seem unbearable – including the disillusionment of hope and the unleashing of the cultural shadow of grievance, hatred, prejudice and entitlement? The response comes through bearing this together – not in a heroic manner but through giving a place to our fears, estrangement and vulnerability. The%20Unravelling%20April%202017%20.pdf
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|12 Jun 2011
Setting up Stereo Speakers
Hello all,
I recently found some nice stereo bookshelf speakers for free at a yard sale. They're quite nice RCA speakers, and I soldered the wires to a 3.5mm connector so as to use them with my computer. Still, my computer's sound card is unable to power these speakers, and the end result is quieter than my default computer speakers.
So I read up on the internet and saw that I needed to stick an amplifier between the computer and the speakers. I found this model on Amazon for about thirty bucks:
Amazon.com: Pyle Home PCA1 Mini 2 x 15-Watt Stereo Power Amplifier: Electronics
Now, my question is this. Do the speakers then plug in to this amplifier, and this amplifier plug into the computer? I believe this RCA splitter to 3.5MM splitter (Amazon.com: "Audio Splitter, 3.5Mm Stereo Male To 2 RCA Female": Electronics) would run from the amplifier and then plug into my computer, correct? Now.
My question is as follows. What do I need to buy to connect these speakers to the amplifier? Will the amplifier have a 3.5mm jack? If possible I'd like to keep the 3.5mm jack which I soldered onto the speakers on there. I just want to make sure I don't spend the thirty bucks on this amp and then find out it won't work or something.
Thanks for helping an audio newbie!
|My System Specs
|12 Jun 2011
Windows 7 Home Premium 64bit
The only problem here is, by the time you buy an amp, and everything you need to get it connected properly, you could just simply by a small set of 2.1 speakers.
For example this 25W set:
Newegg.com - Logitech Z313 25 w 2.1 Speaker System
Which may, or may not, be better overall.
Unless this is just something you want to do, just because you can.
Im not sure the best way to re-wire everyhting to work on the PC though. Perhaps others would have better advice in that area.
|My System Specs
|12 Jun 2011
No worries my friend you are on the right track. Please connect the audio output from the computer likely via that less than ideal 3.5mm plug to a RCA splitter see Radio Shack. Then extend this with lengths of RCA interconnects to the amplifier or inputs to a solid little stereo receiver. Then from the amplifier or receiver please run a good quality speaker cable available from Home Depot in bulk for cheap. Then you will use the variable output from the computer to raise and lower the volume acting as a pre-amplifier.
|My System Specs
|12 Jun 2011
Windows 10 64 bit
I agree with Wishmaster, it's not worth it. Besides needing the power amplifier, the speakers are not shielded from computer RFI and could wind up being noisy if placed near the PC. "Computer Speakers" have internal shielding inside the speaker to help avoid this.
For the price of the power amplifier you can go to "Wally World" (Wal Mart) and buy a nice set of 2.1 stereo computer speakers.
|My System Specs
|12 Jun 2011
Main - Windows 7 Pro SP1 64-Bit; 2nd - Windows Server 2008 R2
Everyone I've ever talked to who has skipped the computer speakers in favor of a real set of speakers and a real amplifier has been happy with it. I would be a little concerned that a $30 amp might not be all that great, though. Having said that, chances are that it will still be better than the amp built in to any inexpensive set of computer speakers.
|My System Specs
|12 Jun 2011
profdlp +1 to that !
|My System Specs
|12 Jun 2011
Your best bet is to come off the mobo off it's optical or digital output to a high quality DAC then to a set of powered studio grade monitors.....costly yes.....aurally rewarding.....beyond words!
|My System Specs
|13 Jun 2011
Thanks all for your helpful replies.
I have to say I'm just doing this to do it, mainly. So in other words, even if I could get a better deal with something else, I'd just like to figure this out and get these working :P
The amp, though small, has all positive reviews on Amazon; apparently it's quite good for the money.
Thanks again, all of you; I think I have a clearer idea of where to go from here.
|My System Specs
|13 Jun 2011
Fun is what it's all about !
|My System Specs
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The DECOLAV Classically Redefined Semi-Recessed Square Vitreous China Vessel Sink in White features vitreous china construction that has been double fired and glazed to provide excellent durability and stain resistance. This vessel sink can be semi-recessed into a countertop or sit on top for a stylish and dramatic effect.
- High-quality, vitreous china is double fired and glazed to provide durability and stain resistance
- China is easy to clean
- Square shape adds an elegant touch to almost any decor
- Vessel has a flat, vertical face and sits flush on its console
- Single-hole faucet deck for a compatible faucet of your choice (faucet not included)
- Can be semi-recessed into the countertop or set on top for a more dramatic effect
- Cut-out template supplied for convenient installation
- Additional items sold separately include the 9296 grid drain or the 9298 push button closing umbrella drain


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I just started using SpiceWorks which I love especially if I could do what I believe it can do. I would love to get it to where the Network Map shows in real time who is bogging down the network (that's the main thing I need). It doesn't for some reason. Can someone give me a few pointers, please?
Aug 13, 2010 at 4:54 UTC
Please see the link with documentation about Network Map:
This topic was created during version 4.7.
The latest version is 7.5.00101.
5 Replies
Aug 13, 2010 at 4:54 UTC
Please see the link with documentation about Network Map:
Aug 13, 2010 at 5:16 UTC
try network probe http:/
Aug 13, 2010 at 5:31 UTC
I realize this is a not a Spiceworks related solution but what I do to accomplish this is to use our SonicWall firewall (TZ210), Log, Reports, Bandwidth Usage by IP Address, Reset Data, let it sit a while and Refresh Data. Open a command prompt and type nbtstat -a and the IP address of the highest bandwidth users and this will resolve to the computer name of the IP address. Crude and circuitous but effective. Not difficult once you have done it a few times. Can help identify an infected computer becomes a bot and starts broadcasting a lot of spam, which can cause your ISP to at least threaten to cut off your broadband connection.
Aug 13, 2010 at 6:16 UTC
You can use this aplication also: Network Bandwidth Monitoring.
Aug 13, 2010 at 9:26 UTC
Spiceworks does not offer realtime monitoring or even tracking. The network map and network stats is kinda just a throw in. Proper monitoring and reporting requires an additional solution. Depending on what you want the solution can change.
For realtime network monitoring I prefer iftop, there is a howto on spiceworks I wrote on how to use it here is a screenshot of iftop http://www.scheidel21.com/news.php?readmore=4 . I also hear that networkprobe works well though Wireshark will provide similar results but with much more detail and data to sift through. These methods will not get you a username but will provide an IP addressor DNS resolved name if reverse DNS is working and a port or protocol. Close to realtime, web based and cross platform is bandwidthD ( there is also a howto by me on spiceworks for using it with linux) see http:/
Next option SNMP collectors, these will obtain SNMP data from SNMP manages devices and present the stats to you. Downside you need SNMP managed equipment, and it is based on ports not ip addresses, so you need to know what port goes where. examples of this are MRTG, PRTG, and CACTI, I like CACTI myself and This is a screencap of a CACTI graph for a WAN port on the router at my company http://www.scheidel21.com/photogallery.php?photo_id=20
Last internal option, use a proxy, like squid, or a proxy device or a ready made proxy OS like Untangle, depending how it is set up it will provide stats by IP/DNS name, or username it will also provide what sites are being visited and by who, iftop will provide this as well but not historical data. Using squid there are many reporting options like calamaris, mysar and sarg.
Externally it won't provide bandwidth usage but could track sites visited but opendns can provide some stats too.
Hope this helps, if you have any questions, let me know.
Edit: just another link to some more screenshots
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Special Note: Please note that this scenario is meant to be read as entertainment, not as an accurate prediction of the future. Also note that the viewpoints and opinions that may come across in this scenario are not necessarily the viewpoints and opinions of the author.
The North Ocean of Mars was the first man-made body of water created on that planet. By the end of the 23rd century, pleasure boaters in their hydrogen-powered boats would consist the majority of maritime traffic on Mars.
After the completion of the North Ocean, the South Ocean would not be completed for another 50 months. This ocean helps provide drinking water and agriculture to the northern half of the planet. Prior to colonization and terraforming, this ocean was hidden under miles of Martian ice glaciers. People have learned to appreciate their waters for its natural beauty as well as its lab-created wildlife. Since animals did not evolve naturally as they did on Earth, it took slightly longer for them to evolve. Drilling for oil is banned on this ocean in addition to the Southern Ocean (because of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident back in 2010). In lieu of fossil fuels, the people of Mars start to become dependent on cold fusion energy as their primary source of energy. As Mars started to become more Earth-like, options to have hydroelectricity became a reality along with geothermal energy, solar power and wind power.
However, there are other mineral resources to be found in the underground caverns that are sheltered from the ocean. They can only be entered through submarines and ascending from underneath the ocean into air pockets that form the caverns' entrance/exit. Alien artifacts would reveal a statue of a beautiful goddess with three breasts; symbolizing a matriarchal hedonistic religion that valued pleasure over duty. The independent nation of the United States of Mars would adopt the three-bosomed statue as their centrepiece for their official state religion.
Because most of the people of Mars are either vegetarians or vegans, fishing on Martian waters never takes off as either a way of living or as a hobby. Genetically altered fish were imported to Mars from Earth until the population reached sustainable levels in the 2060s. In vitro meat for sushi becomes cheaper and more desirable due to their liberal environmentalist beliefs. Producing meat from dead animals without using artificial hormones is one thing; but being able to grow meat without killing animals would be an outstanding accomplishment for human civilization.


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Arizona Ash 2 Over 3 Deep Chest of Drawers
Unfortunately this item has been discontinued
The Arizona Ash 2 Over 3 Deep Chest of Drawers is a great example of the Arizona Ash Furniture Range. This chest of drawers comes fully assembled so you have to do nothing but unwrap the item when it arrives.
- Low Rate Credit (19.5% APR) Available
- 12 Monthly Payments25.90
- Cash Price314.00
- Deposit to Pay31.40 (10%)
- Amount of Credit282.60
- Total Amount Payable342.22
- Duration of Agreement12 months
- Rate of Interest (Fixed)19.5% per annum
- 19.5% APR Representative
- Furniture Style Online acts as a credit intermediary and offer credit products provided only by Close Brothers Retail Finance. Close Brothers Retail Finance is a trading name of Close Brothers Limited. Close Brothers Limited is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and Prudential Regulation Authority. For more information please visit www.closeretailfinance.co.uk. Finance is only available to UK residents over 18, subject to status, terms and conditions apply.


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Information, tips and advice to help you apply for a place on an undergraduate or postgraduate degree programme at the University of Surrey.
Discover the exciting range of undergraduate degrees and postgraduate Masters and PhD programmes we offer.
Read our handy information and advice guides to help you through the application process.
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Learn about the different types of offer we make and what to do next once you've received yours.
Browse useful information to help you prepare for living and studying at the University of Surrey.
Explore our campus and exciting programme of events and activities to help you feel at home at Surrey.


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House Sitter in Olympia
Hi! I would love to take care of your home as you are away on travels. I would be able to take care of the plants and cats as well. I'm not too sure about dogs. I prefer cats, but I could try to take care of dogs if needed. I am available for live-in House Sitting if in a different state or country. I speak German, English, and working on my Spanish!
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NEW YORK - Crude-oil futures edged upward Friday despite mediocre U.S. financial indicators after the euro zone garnered its latest vote of confidence from key European political leaders.
Front-month crude-oil futures at the New York Mercantile Exchange settled at $90.13 a barrel, up 74 cents, or 0.8%. Front-month Brent futures settled at $106.47 a barrel, up $1.21.
Friday marked the fourth-straight day that oil prices have risen. Since Monday, oil prices have jumped 2.2%.
Oil and other investments received an upward bump Friday after German Chancellor Angela Merkel signaled strong support for the euro. As Germany's leader, Ms. Merkel has been considered especially important to the euro's prospects, given Germany's strong financial position.
Ms. Merkel and French President Francois Hollande pledged Friday to do their utmost to protect the euro zone and said they were deeply committed to the integrity of the currency bloc.
"Germany and France are deeply committed to the integrity of the euro zone. They are determined to do everything in order to protect the euro zone," the leaders said in a joint statement, published after the two spoke by telephone.
The statement comes on the heels of remarks Thursday by European Central Bank President Mario Draghi, who called the euro "irreversible."
Ms. Merkel's comments Friday gave Mr. Draghi's remarks "a little more credibility," said energy analyst Dominick Chirichella of the Energy Management Institute, an education and analysis company.
Friday's rise in oil came despite the latest in a series of mediocre U.S. financial data that point to continued slow growth.
U.S. gross domestic product rose 1.5% between April and June, above the 1.3% forecast by economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires, but well below sequential GDP growth. The 1.5% rate is down from the upwardly revised 2.0% growth rate during the prior three months and a 4.1% rate in the fourth quarter of 2011.
Personal-consumption expenditures rose only 1.5% during the quarter, the smallest gain in a year and down from a 2.4% increase in the first quarter. Spending on durable goods--items such as cars and home appliances meant to last at least three years--fell 1.0% in the second quarter.
New data Friday also pointed to fairly weak U.S. consumer sentiment. The Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan consumer-sentiment index edged up to 72.3 at the end of July versus a reading of 72.0 early in July and was down from a final June level of 73.2, according to an economist who had seen the report. Economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires had expected the end-July index to stay at 72.0.
Mr. Chirichella said the jump in oil prices follows speculation that the Federal Reserve and other central banks could undertake additional economic stimulus. Oil isn't going higher because of supply-and-demand fundamentals, he said.
"Markets are trading around the perception of a lot more money being pumped into the economy," Mr. Chirichella said. "The market response we're getting is not really based on any fundamentals."
Citi Futures analyst Tim Evans pointed to data that show that U.S. oil production has jumped more than 13% since a year ago, even as demand has remained weak.
"The market is well supplied," he said. "Without a significant geopolitical event that disrupts supply, the upside for prices is limited."
Front-month reformulated gasoline blendstock, or RBOB, settled at $2.888 a gallon, up 7.4 cents. Front-month heating oil settled at $2.890 a gallon, up 2.1 cents.
Copyright (c) 2012 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
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Lollipops 2
by: Balloon Island • 2K
All Android applications categories
by: Balloon Island • 2K
Published: 2013-06-26, by Ana Gracia.
Lollipops is a fun puzzle game that changes the jewels and bubbles for these sweet lollipops. The objective is to match three or more of them and send them away from the candy machine.
If you want to beat a high score play the classic mode, try to get as far as possible in Insane and play infinitely in Zen mode, depending on your mood. The gameplay here is a bit different from other similar apps, this time you should slide lollipops in vertical or horizontal directions in order to match them. In addition, flower tiles should be collected for bonus scores and bubble gums make the line get stuck so you need to watch out for them.
Balloon Island is the developer of Lollipops, a kind of original game that you'll soon be addicted to. We had already played something similar in Facebook but we hadn't seen one like this for Android before so we highly recommend it. However, it could have more levels, otherwise it's too short.
Tags: games lollipops 2 2 , lollipop 2 game , lollipops 2 level 88 , lollipops 2 level 85 , lollipops 2 game , lollipops 2 , lollipops 2 level 314 , directions for lollipops 2 , lollipops2
by Ana , Appszoom
Jun 26, 2013
from 1.963 reviews
Download Lollipops 2
Free - V1.17 - 18M
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text:
Axia's fibre network expansion continues to Northern Alberta with its multi-million dollar investment into Fairview, Alberta.
Axia celebrates Nanton community with Food for #FibreTown family skate day.
Free event brings locals together in support of the Nanton Ministerial Foodbank
By advocating to get 30 per cent of homes and businesses to express their interest on Axia's website, Fort Macleod becomes the next rural town to receive fibre connectivity from Axia.
Imagine your day without access to high-speed Internet. How often do we need to check our inboxes, research information, review our health records, or eyeball the daily news and business headlines as they break?
Major investment across the province by Alberta-based company, Axia NetMedia Corporation, will ensure more rural Albertans have access to world-class fibre connectivity to their homes and businesses at affordable prices.
Axia's expansion initiative continues across Alberta with the announcement of their 7th and 8th fibre optic communities, Raymond and Magrath
Axia NetMedia Corporation ("Axia") (TSX: AXX) and Partners Group AG ("Partners Group") are pleased to jointly announce the completion of the plan of arrangement announced on March 9, 2016 (the "Arrangement") involving Axia, the holders ("Shareholders") of common shares ("Shares") of Axia and Digital Connection (Canada) Corp.
By advocating to get 30% of homes and local businesses to express their interest on Axia's website, Pincher Creek is to become the next rural community to receive fibre optic infrastructure from Axia.
Axia's expansion initiative continues across Alberta with the announcement of its latest fibre optic community, Stirling!


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If there was a vaccine that could prevent cancer and it was
proven to be safe and effective, would you get it? Would you want
your children to get it? That vaccine exists.
It's called the HPV vaccine, which stands for human papilloma
virus. HPV is a sexually transmitted disease that causes genital
warts, the primary cause of cervical cancer. Since its development,
more than 35 million doses have been given with an excellent safety
But recently, the mindless remarks by a potential presidential
candidate may have frightened some parents away from this vaccine
and put some girls at risk.
The day after a heated debate among the Republican presidential
candidates, Michele Bachmann went on NBC's Today Show and stated
that a woman told her that her daughter received the vaccine and
"suffered from mental retardation thereafter."
The response from the medical community was swift and clear.
The American Academy of Pediatrics released a statement saying
there is "absolutely no scientific validity" to her comments. A
small group of pediatricians was so disturbed that they made a
challenge to the congresswoman: If she could produce a single
person who had become "mentally retarded" after receiving the HPV
vaccine, they would donate $100,000 to the charity of her choice.
On the other hand, if it was shown that the person was not injured
by the vaccine, Bachmann would agree to donate $100,000 to a
charity chosen by the pediatricians.
The congresswoman did not accept the challenge.
When it comes to the health of our children, it is critical that
parents consider the source of the information they are receiving.
In these days of constant Internet chatter and a 24-hour news cycle
on TV, it can be very difficult to know who to believe. Anyone can
say anything and sound credible. That's why it's important to have
a trusted pediatrician who can advise you about your child's
individual needs.
Here are the facts: Every year in the U.S. about 6 million
people, including teens, are infected with HPV and some will
eventually develop cervical cancer. Most cervical cancer is caused
by HPV, and cervical cancer kills 4,000 women every year.
The vaccine prevents HPV and dramatically reduces the risk of
cervical cancer. It is recommended for girls around age 11 or 12
because tests have determined that the body produces the best
immune response around that age, but it can be given up to age 29.
Some parents are uncomfortable giving a vaccine for a sexually
transmitted disease to girls who are not yet sexually active, but
it's important to protect girls well before the onset of sexual
There's no need to give a child a lengthy explanation about the
vaccine and sexually transmitted diseases. Parents can simply tell
their daughter the vaccine will help keep her healthy. That's the
Dr. Lisa Thornton, a mother of three, is director of
pediatric rehabilitation at Schwab Rehabilitation Hospital and
LaRabida Children's Hospital. She also is assistant professor of
pediatrics at the University of Chicago. Email her at [email protected].
Dr. Lisa Thornton, a mother of three, is director of pediatric rehabilitation at Schwab Rehabilitation Hospital and LaRabida Children's Hospital. She also is assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Chicago.
See more of Dr. Thornton's stories here.
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text:
Nearest Maillefer contacts for USA
KN Manufacturing Solutions LLC
Fiber Optic
5464 Woodrun Ct
GA 30517 Braselton
Tel: +1 770 967 1770
Cell: +1 404 202 9655
Fax: +1 770 967 1770com;ol.;nms;n/k;ine;iem;i.n;kar
TDC (Technical Development Corporation)
Wire & Cable
11845 Vanstory Drive
NC 28078 Huntersville
Tel: +1-770-337-3347om;t.c;men;lop;eve;ald;nic;ech;n/t;sto;.ba;irv
Maillefer North America
Pipe & Tube
Phipps Bend Industrial Park

402 Phipps Bend Road
TN 37873 Surgoinsville
Tel: +1 423 817 2440
Fax: +1 423 212 0131om;a.c;rus;efe;ill;/ma;jon
Maillefer North America
Wire & Cable
4012 Washington Drive

Upper Chichester
PA 19061 Philadelphia
Tel: +1 972 762 2297net;er.;lef;ail;a/m;ipa;lat;ri.;lau
The gear box, free from backlash, guarantees extremely stable and precise running.
The capstan is designed to serve as a metering unit in vulcanizing lines to ensure reliable operation in long runs. The conductor is guided between a rubber coated driven pulley and a pneumatically tensioned rubber belt. This ensures that the taped delicate conductors are not damaged.
|Pulley diameter, max.
|2500 mm
|Conductor diameter, max.
|50 mm
|Tractive force, max.
|25 kN
|Line speed, max.
|50 m/min
|Dimensions L x W x H
|4360 x 1930 x 3365 mm
Exact values depend on the assembly.
Our factory vulcanized joint know-how provides you with all the needed technology to manufacture factory joints for high voltage subsea XLPE cables. Read more
We have the perfect match for each market situation – you can find the winning solution in low-end as well as in high-end categories in almost 20 wire, cable, pipe and tube applications. Our wire & cable production solutions are available for building and automotive wires, dry or jelly filled fiber optic cables, low, medium, high and extra high voltage cables, rubber cables, telecom, LAN, and coaxial cables. Read more
Are you manufacturing micro-drip laterals? Imagine the costs reductions if you could purchase less costly virgin material or even better, include recycled material. Our extrusion lines offer you such possibilities. Read more
Our Curing Calculation Program NCC is a well-known recipe generator for dry curing CV insulation lines. A new module now includes the function for methane degassing calculation. With it, degassing times can be substantially reduced. Read more
Today's customer requirements go beyond efficiently providing parts and maintenance. Service is addressed in a new way. With Consultation, we place the accent on providing production knowledge, know-how and tools. Read more
Polyhose's most immediate needs are for Technical Inspection to be done on a biannual basis, and reserving priority response from Maillefer Services, including the possibility of a remote connection. Read more
wire Russia is the industry's most important trade fair in the region and has become a traditional venue for the wire and cable industry experts introducing new technologies, modern equipment and best practices. We were proud to be part of it once again. Read more
Your line performance desires are often limited by the realities of customer demand, investment possibilities, employee capabilities, space constraints, and more. A new component may help you change that. Read more


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Supplier Homepage Product Dolsi power amplifier Others Dolsi power amplifier Home Theater Power Amplifier (M series)
Home Theater Power Amplifier (M series)
|FOB Price:
|US $250 / Piece
|Min. Order:
|1 Piece
|Min. Order
|FOB Price
|1 Piece
|US $250/ Piece
|Guangzhou, China
|Production Capacity:
|2000 Piece Per Month
|Payment Terms:
Request a custom order and have something just for you!Send Customized Request
Basic Info
- Model NO.: M series
- Usage: Hi-Fi, AV, KTV System, Any Suitable Applications
- Function: Post Amplifier
- Price: Please Contact Us for Prices.
- OEM Service: Acceptable
- Color: Black or Blue Front Panel
- Transport Package: 1 Piece/Polybag/Protection/ Paper Carton
- Origin: China
- Type: Professional Amplifier
- Used For: Professional
- Height: 1 Unit (44mm)
- Channel Number: All 2 Channel, 3 Channel and 4 Channel Available
- DSP Built-in: Available, Pls Contact Dolsi for Price with DSP
- Trademark: Dolsi or client′s logo
- Specification: CE, RoHS, CB, 3C
- HS Code: 851840009
Product Description
1 Unit Class-D Digital Power Amplifier
--Applicable to home theater
--Applicable to home theater
|1 U Digital Power Amplifier
|Model No.
|Channel number
|2 input, 2 output
|4 input, 4 output
|Output power
|8 ohms
|Output power
|4 ohms
|Bridged output power
|8 ohms
|Distortion( 1kHZ,=10dB/4 Ohms)
|S/N Ratio (20Hz-20Khz,4 Ohms)
|Cross-talk (1kHZ, 4 Ohms)
|Frequency response
|10Hz to 20k Hz,+/-1dB
|Input impedance
|balance 20K/ Non-balance10K
|Damping factor (10-400Hz,8Ohms)
|Output Category
|Class D
|Input sensitivity
|Protection features
|short circuit, direct current, over-load and amplitude limit.
|Control knobs
|power ON/OFF switch,VOLUME control in front panel . STEREO/BRIDGE/MONO switch in rear panel .
|LED lights
|CLIP/-10dB/SIGNAL/MONO/BRIDGE/STATUS indicators in front panel
|Power delay
|4 seconds
|Input interface
|XLR input socket
|OUtput interface
|SPEAKON connector
|Size (WxHxD)
|Net weight
|M-3600: 4.95kg, M-4800: 6.30kg
|Packing size
| 560x120x470 mm (0.032cbm)
. Compact structure in only 1 unit of height and very light weight, easy to install in home theater or meeting room.
. Both elegant black and bling blue color front panel are available. Blue color will add vivid to your sound space.
. Carefully selected high quality components. The complete machine is with CCC, CB and CE certification and with RoHS compliance.
. Both elegant black and bling blue color front panel are available. Blue color will add vivid to your sound space.
. Carefully selected high quality components. The complete machine is with CCC, CB and CE certification and with RoHS compliance.
. Class D Toplogy integrated with switch power supply design
. Powerful output and high efficiency
. Low electricity consumption
. Accurate volume control, switch on/off, signal, clip and protection LED light in front panel
. Fully automatic protection circuit for each channel, including direct current protection, thermal protection, over-load protection and amplitude limit.
. Nice Cooling system.
. XLR balance input and professional SPEAKON output connectors
. Stereo ,bridge and mono mode selection pull switch is set on back panel.


text:
PeachWorks Releases Premium Version of Log – a Digital Logbook for Restaurants
November 10, 2015 | By admin |
PeachWorks, formerly WhenToManage, the leading restaurant management cloud platform for franchise chains, independent operations, and specialty retail and food service operations, announced today that its popular app Log is now available in a premium version with enhanced features and additional capabilities. Log, subscribed by 1,250 accounts since its launch in December 2014, has been enabling restaurant managers and employees to stay connected and organized in operating their business efficiently.
Log is a free cloud-based application that allows multiple users to create notes, checklists and task lists in real time via different browsers and devices.


text:
Moving OutFavorites [+]
Pay-Per-Minute Viewing
You can now enjoy this movie on your iPhone®, iPad®, or compatible Smart TV & Android devices.
Purchase Options
Pay-Per-MinutePurchase Minutes
Streaming Rentals
Available MP4 sizes:SD 480p (1.39 GB)
DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 89 minutes
Released: 05/2008
Studio Name: Wicked Pictures
Director: Jonathan Morgan
Categories: Feature
Description: Roomies Sunshine, Bunny and Michelle spend their last day together recapping some of their most memorable moments together before moving out of their shared apartment. Of course some of the stories are as sexy as the girls and the three find themselves longing for one last tryst. After their sexed up stories and farewells, the girls are not only moving on, they're Moving Out!
5 Scenes from Moving Out
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Settings: Bedroom
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Sex Acts: Deep Throating, Vaginal Sex, Oral Sex, Throat Fucking, Masturbation, Blowjob
Positions: Doggy Style, Cowgirl, Reverse Cowgirl, Kneeling, Side Saddle, Laying, Crouching/Squatting
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Sex Acts: Toy Play - Vaginal, Toy Play - Oral, 3-Way, Girl on Girl action, Vaginal Sex, Oral Sex
Settings: Generic Room
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