text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 7, 1988
|Filing date
|Aug 29, 1986
|Priority date
|Aug 29, 1986
|Fee status
|Publication number
|William D. Brenneman, Robert D. Hodges
|Original Assignee
|Pactel Communications Companies
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (62), Classifications (24), Legal Events (12)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to testing systems for use in data processing networks.
Data processing networks in which a large number of users are joined by communication links extending over a large geographic area are becoming increasingly common. These networks consist of a collection of computers or computer terminals located at various sites. For the purposes of this discussion, the terms computer and computer terminal are defined to include any data processing unit. The computers communicate over communication paths which may include one or more telephone lines. Typically, a communication on one of these communication paths consists of a message sent from one network computer to another network computer. The message is formatted prior to transmission into a "packet" by adding certain, header and/or trailing information to the message. This additional information may include information defining the computer to which the information is to be sent as well as information which aids the receiving computer in interpreting the message and in verifying that the message has been properly transmitted over the network.
In addition to this packetization of the message, the message must be translated into one of a number of signaling formats before actually being sent over one of the network communication paths. The specific signaling format will, in general, depend on the specific type of communication path being used to communicate the message. For example, when a message is sent over a communication path which consists of a telephone line, each bit in the message is translated by a modem into a tone burst of a predetermined frequency which depends on whether the bit is a 1 or a 0. A similar modem at the other end of the telephone line receives these tone bursts and translates them back to digital signal levels representing the bits of the message.
When a data processing network fails to operate properly, it is often very difficult to ascertain the location and nature of the failed component. A failure may occur because of a malfunction in either the hardware or software associated with one of the computers, in one of the devices used to translate a packet from a digital format to a signaling format, or in one of the communication paths. Ascertaining the source of the malfunction is further complicated by the fact that the various pieces of equipment in the data processing network are typically supplied and serviced by different vendors with no single vendor having responsibility for the entire data processing network. As a result, the owner of the data processing network must first determine the source of the malfunction before the appropriate vendor will repair the malfunctioning component.
Testing systems for diagnosing data processing network malfunctions are known in the prior art. These systems are based on probes placed at various points in the data processing network for copying the signals present at specified points to a testing computer. These systems may also include one or more devices for generating test signals at specified points in the data processing network. The points at which signals are read or generated are usually just before or just after one of the network computers or signaling format devices. By examining the signals read at the various points in the data processing network and the response of the data processing network to the various signals generated by the test devices, the test computer determines which of the data processing network components has failed. The appropriate vendor may then be contacted to institute corrective measures.
Such prior art testing systems have three significant problems. First, a fault must be detected by one of the computers or computer operators in the data processing network. Until someone recognizes that the data processing network is not working properly, no diagnostic testing of the data processing network will be initiated. Intermittent equipment errors are very difficult to isolate. At most, the recipient of a message in the data processing network detects an error in the message. When such an error is detected, the sender of the message is notified of the error and the message is repeated. This message repeating service is often transparent to the computer operators using the data processing network. If the message is successfully received on the repeated attempt, no one is informed of the error. Such intermittent malfunctions often occur when a piece of equipment in the data processing network is just beginning to malfunction. Ideally one would like to detect such malfunctions as soon as possible and correct them before they cause the entire data processing network to be taken off line for unscheduled maintenance. In addition, if the malfunction remains at the intermittent level, it will reduce the throughput of the data processing network, since communication capacity used in repeating the erroneous messages can not be used to send new messages between the computers in the data processing network. This loss of capacity may go unnoticed for a significant period of time if a means for detecting such intermittent failures is not present in the data processing network.
Second, the prior art testing systems do not provide adequate security from eavesdropping by test personnel. The typical data processing network owner does not wish to maintain a service staff for diagnosing system failures. However, if the owner allows an outside vendor to install a testing system which can monitor the communications on the various communication paths in the data processing network, the confidentiality of the data being communicated within the data processing network may be breached. The prior art testing systems are designed to allow the test personnel full access to the data being sent and received over the various communication communication paths even though much of this data is irrelevant to detecting and isolating malfunctions in the data processing network.
Third, in general, prior art testing systems are designed to be used in testing only a very limited number of data processing networks. As a result, such testing systems include a significant amount of computer hardware which is idle when testing is not being carried out. More particularly, the probes for reading the signals at various locations in the data processing network and the devices for generating signals within the data processing network are, in general, coupled to a separate test computer system. This separate system must store data describing the data processing network to be tested and test programs tailored to that data processing network. Hence, a reasonably complex computer system must be employed. This computing capacity remains idle most of the time. Ideally, the testing system should allow this computer capacity to be used for other tasks. For example, it could be used to monitor and test several different data processing networks. In general, prior art testing systems are designed to be used in testing one data processing network.
Consequently, it is an object of the present invention to provide a diagnostic system and testing method for a data processing network which prevents the test personnel from acquiring sensitive information which is being sent and received on the various communication paths in the data processing network.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a means for detecting malfunctions prior to said malfunctions being recognized by the data processing network personnel.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a testing system in which the computer system used for performing the testing may be used to test a plurality of data processing networks.
These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.
The present invention consists of a system for testing a data processing network and diagnosing malfunctions therein. It is assumed that the data processing network includes a plurality of processing units coupled by communication paths in which each processing unit communicates with one or more other processing units in the data processing network by sending and receiving data packets over one or more of the communication paths. Each of the data packets consists of a message component and a format component. The format component includes information used for detecting errors in transmission and information specifying the format of the data packet. The message component consists of information to be delivered to a processing unit. The present invention includes probes for detecting data packets at one or more predetermined points on one of the communication paths. These probes may also be used for coupling signals to the communication paths at the points in question. A local processor is coupled to these probes. This local processor receives copies of the data packets detected by the probes and specifies signals to be coupled to the communication path by the probes. The local processor includes circuitry for separating each detected data packet into its format and message components, circuitry for generating a replacement message, and circuitry for creating a modified data packet for each detected data packet. The modified data packet comprises data specifying the point at which the data packet was detected, the format component of said detected data packet, and a replacement message. The replacement message contains the information needed by the error detecting circuitry to determine whether the original data packet consisting of the format and original message components was erroneous. The local processor receives commands over a telephone circuit. It includes circuitry for storing one or more modified data packets in response to one of these received commands. The local processor also includes circuitry responsive to one of these received commands for transmitting the modified data packets over a telephone circuit. Finally, the local processor includes circuitry responsive to commands received over the telephone circuit for generating the signals to be coupled to the various communication paths by the probes.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical data processing network incorporating the testing system of the present invention.
The present invention may be most easily understood by referring to a typical data processing network illustrated in FIG. 1. The data processing network consists of two computers 12 and 14 located in a facility 16 which is at a first geographic location and a third computer 18 located in a second facility 20 which is at a different geographic location. Facilities 16 and 20 are linked by a communication path 22 consisting of a telephone line. The depicted data processing network also includes a multiplexer 24 which combines the output of computers 12 and 14 prior to transmission over communication path 22 and which separates messages received on telephone line 22 for one of these computers and routes the messages in question to the correct computer. Multiplexer 24 is connected to computer 12 by a communication path 30 and to computer 14 by a communication path 32. Multiplexer 24 is coupled to the communication path 22 by a modem 34 over a communication path 36. In facility 20, computer 18 is coupled to a similar modem 38 by a communication path 40.
A malfunction in the data processing network could be the result of a malfunction in computers 12, 14, or 18, a malfunction in the multiplexer 24, a malfunction in one the modems 34 or 38, or a malfunction in any of the communication paths 30, 32, 36, 40 or 22. The present invention provides a means for isolating such a malfunction. The present invention includes a number of probes 50 placed at predetermined locations in data processing network for detecting messages sent over the various communication paths. The probes are coupled to a local test computer 52 which receives the messages detected by the probes and which generates signals which may be coupled to a communication path by the probe connected to said communication path.
The local test computer 52 is connected to a central test computer 53 by a separate telephone line 54. The central test computer 53 stores information specifying the configuration of the data processing network and specific diagnostic tests which may be performed on the data processing network using the local test computer 52. The central test computer 53 is shared between a large number of different data processing networks. The connections to the other data processing networks are typically made by telephone lines. For simplicity, these other connections have been omitted from FIG. 1.
When a malfunction is detected in one of the data processing networks serviced by the central test computer 53, an operator at central test computer 53 accesses data depicting the data processing network in which the malfunction was detected and specifies one or more tests to be performed by the local test computer 52 in the data processing network in question. These tests may include collecting data on one or more of the communication paths in the malfunctioning data processing network and transmitting that data back to the central test computer 53 for analysis. As will be described in more detail below, local test computer 52 is programmed to remove information specifying the contents of the messages on the communication paths before the data in question is transmitted to the central test computer 53. This prevents the test personnel from obtaining access to confidential information in the data processing network being tested.
In those facilities, e.g., facility 20, which do not have sufficient data processing hardware to justify the cost of installing a local test computer 52, remote loopback devices may be installed. Such a remote loopback device is shown at 60. When remote loopback device 60 detects one of a set of specified commands over communication path 22, it causes specific conductors in the communication paths to be coupled together at one of the locations connected to it. Two such locations are shown at 62 and 64, respectively. For example, the remote loopback device may connect the conductor used for receiving a message to the conductor used for transmitting a message. These connections have the effect of repeating a message received at the location in question back to the sender of that message, provided the communication path in question is operating correctly. The local test computer 52 in facility 16 controls the remote loopback device 60 by appropriate signals generated on communication path 22 using the probe 50 connected to said communication path. Such remote loopback devices are conventional in the art of network testing.
In general, the test system of the present invention will be owned and operated by an entity which is independent of the entities which own the various data processing networks service by the present invention. Hence, it is important that the data transmitted from a data processing network to the central test computer 53 not contain information which the data processing network owner views as confidential. The local test computer 52 has access to all of the messages being transmitted and received on the communication paths which it monitors using the probes 50. A given such message is transmitted as a data packet consisting of two components, a message component and a format component. The format component includes information used for detecting errors in transmission and information specifying the format of the data packet. The message component consists of the actual information being communicated between the two computers.
Typically, the information which is used for detecting errors includes one or more check sums which are used to detect transmission errors. For example, the format component may include a check sum which is calculated by adding the numerical values corresponding to each of the characters in the data packet, including the message component thereof. Typically, the check sum is the least significant part of the sum of all of these numerical character values. This reduces the amount of information which must be placed in each format component while still allowing essentially all of the common transmission errors to be detected. The check sum is calculated by the transmitting computer when the data packet in question is assembled. The receiving computer then recalculates the check sum when it receives the data packet. If the recalculated value does not match the value stored in the format component, an error has occurred in the transmission of the data packet between the transmitting and receiving computers. When this occurs, the receiving computer sends a message to the transmitting computer requesting that the message be repeated.
A check sum error could be the result of a malfunction in the transmission system or a malfunction in either the transmitting or receiving computers. To ascertain which of these possible error sources is responsible for the detected error, the central test computer 53 must be able to examine the data packet that was transmitted by the transmitting computer and the data packet that was received by the receiving computer.
For the purposes of diagnosing data processing network malfunctions, the actual content of the message component is irrelevant. At most, the central test computer 53 needs the contribution to the check sum provided by the message component to ascertain if the computer which made up the data packet is functioning properly. Any replacement message which will produce the same check sum as the original message will be sufficient to allow the central test computer to perform its functions. Hence, when the local test computer 52 records a data packet, a modified data packet is stored. The modified data packet consists of information specifying the point in the network at which the data packet was detected, the format component of the original data packet, and a replacement message having the same check sum as the original message. The information in the replacement message is not related to the information in the original message. Preferable, the replacement message consists of the smallest number of characters which produce the same check sum as the original message together with one or more characters specifying a character count which consists of the number of characters in the original message. The character count allows the test system to detect errors which are the result of characters being lost in transmission. Such a modified data packet is devoid of proprietary information, and hence, the data processing network owner need not be concerned about the security of his confidential information.
From the above example with reference to the check sum, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any replacement data packet which allows the local test computer 52 to determine if the data packet detected at a particular point in the data processing network contains transmission errors would be sufficient. The important feature of the present invention, is that the replacement message contains information which specifies whether the data packet has transmission errors without specifying the actual content of the message.
Before the central test computer 53 can be used to diagnose a data processing network malfunction, the central test computer staff must be alerted to the existence of such a malfunction. In the typical prior art diagnostic system, one of the data processing network owner's employees detects a system malfunction in the course of the employee's use of the data processing network or the malfunction is detected during routine maintenance tests of the data processing network. There are a number of intermittent malfunctions which will not be detected in this manner and which affect the overall performance of the data processing network. For example, if one of the communication paths has a faulty connector which intermittently breaks the connection on one of the conductors in the communication path, a message will be improperly transmitted. When this occurs, the improper message will be detected by the receiving computer which will cause the message to be repeated. Typically, if the message is successfully repeated within some predetermined number of trials, no note of the malfunction in question is made. Although this type of malfunction does not cause any data packets to be lost, it does reduce the capacity of the data processing network, since the communication path and computers in question are occupied in the unproductive work of repeating messages. In addition, if the malfunction becomes worse, it may lead to an interruption of the communication path resulting in the data processing network being taken out of service. Ideally, a data processing network test system should be able to detect such intermittent failures and alert the central test computer 53. The test system of the present invention provides an alarm system for accomplishing this.
In principle, the local test computer 52 could examine each data packet as it passes one or more of the probes 50. If improper data packets were detected more than some specified number of times at a given probe location, it would then alert the central test computer 53. However, in a large data processing network, the computational capacity needed to perform such a monitoring functions at all probe locations simultaneously is prohibitively expensive.
Furthermore, a transmission error may occur even though the data packet in question is does not contain a check sum error. A typical communication path has conductors for transmitting and receiving data packets and conductors for controlling the flow of information between the devices on each end of the communication path. If the conductors used for flow control, or the devices connected to these conductors, malfunction, a data packet may be lost. For example, this would occur if the sending computer sends a data packet to a receiving computer that was not ready to receive the data packet. Normally, the receiving computer would signal its lack of readiness by a signal on one of the flow control conductors. If the conductor in question is malfunctioning, the transmitting computer may send the message at a time when the receiving computer is not "listening". In this case, the local test computer 52 would detect an error free data packet on the communication path even though the data processing network was malfunctioning.
Finally, there are data processing networks in which the data is not placed in packets with check sums before being transmitted. For example, data may be transmitted over a transmission path as ASCII characters with no error detection at all. In such systems, errors must be detected by some means other than check sums.
The present invention provides a means for detecting malfunctioning communication paths which does not depend on finding an erroneous message on the communication paths in question. The alarm system of the present invention may be most easily understood with reference to a very simple serial communication path which uses five conductors connecting two computers referred to as A and B, respectively. One of these conductors is a signal ground lead. Two of the remaining four conductors are used for the actual transmission of data packets. One conductor is used to send data packets from A to B and will be referred to as A-SEND. The other is used to send data packets from B to A, and will be referred to as B-SEND. A data packet is sent one bit at a time at a predetermined speed. A bit having the value 0 is represented by one potential, and a bit having the value 1 is represented by a second potential. During the transmission of a data packet, the potential on such a data packet transmission conductor would switch between the two potentials in question at a maximum rate equal to the predetermined frequency. The actual rate at which the potential on the conductor toggles will depend on the data being sent. However, a minimum frequency can be defined, since each data packet is known to have bits equal to both 1 and 0. The potential pattern in which the potential switches between two defined potentials at a frequency which varies between two predetermined frequencies will be referred to as toggling.
The remaining 2 conductors in this simple example are used for flow control. One conductor, which will be referred to as B-READY, is controlled by B and is used to signal A that B is ready to receive a data packet from A. The other conductor, which will be referred to as A-READY, is controlled by A and is used to signal B that A is ready to receive a data packet from B. Each of these conductors will, in general, have one of two predetermined potential, one indicating that the controlling computer is ready, and one indicating that the controlling computer is not ready.
When viewed over a short time interval, each of the above described four signal conductors could be classified as being in one of three states. The first state is characterized by the conductor in question being at one of the above mentioned two potentials. The second state is characterized by the conductor being at the other of said potentials. The third state is characterized by the potential on the conductor toggling between said two potentials. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the time interval over which the potential pattern is observed must be long enough to distinguish between a conductor at a single potential and a conductor that is toggling.
These three states on each of the four conductors may be represented as a single four "digit" trinary number. Each digit of the number may take on the values 0 through 2. Each digit represents the state of one of the conductors. For example, the number 2010 would indicate that the A-SEND conductor was toggling, the B-SEND conductor is at the first potential, the B-READY conductor is at the second potential, and the A-READY conductor is at the first potential. This pattern of potentials is consistent with A sending a message to B. The first conductor used for sending a data packet from A to B is toggling. The second conductor used for sending a data packet from B to A is at the first potential, since nothing is being sent on that conductor. The third conductor which used by B to signal A that B is ready to receive a message is at the second potential, indicating that B is ready. And, the fourth conductor which used by A to signal B that it is ready to receive a message is at the second potential indicating that A is not ready to receive, since A is in the process of sending a message.
In this simple example, there are 81 possible values for this four digit trinary number. These can be divided into values which represent possible states of a correctly functioning communication path and those which represent a malfunctioning communication path. For example, the value 2000 indicates that A is sending a data packet to B when B is not ready. This indicates that a malfunction is occurring in the data processing network on the communication path in question. The value 2010 described above is an example of a value representing a correctly functioning communication path.
In general, the number of conductors carrying useful information about the state of the communication path is greater than the four described with reference to the above simple example. The additional conductors are used either for more complex flow control or for transmitting data packets in a parallel format, as opposed to the simple bit serial format described above. Also, the number of conductors will, in general, be different for different data paths in a data processing network. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that an N digit number may be defined for each communication path, where N is the number of conductors carrying useful information.
It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that more than three states could be defined for each conductor. For example, a fourth state indicating that none of the above three states was detected could be added. In addition, several toggling states could be defined. Each toggling state would correspond to the potential on the conductor switching between the two potential values at a frequency which was in one of a set of predetermined different frequency ranges. The frequency range which included the observed switching frequency would then define the state of the conductor. In this case the N "digit" number would have a radix equal to the number of possible states rather than a radix of 3 as described with reference to above example.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention uses this characterization scheme to provide the alarm function described above. The probes 50 include circuitry to define a state for selected conductors in the communication path to which said probes are coupled. These state values are used to define a diagnostic number having one "digit" for each of the so selected conductors. At the end of predetermined time intervals, one such diagnostic number is read by the local test computer 52 for each probe connected to a conductor carrying useful information. The value of each of the diagnostic numbers is compared against a list of "illegal" numbers stored in the local test computer 52. If a probe detects a diagnostic number which is in this list, an alarm signal is generated by the local test computer 52. This alarm signal is preferably sent directly to the central test computer 53. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that an alternative procedure in which the diagnostic numbers are compared with a list of "legal" numbers and the alarm sounded in the event that a given diagnostic number is not in said list would also allow the detection of errors.
This method of detecting malfunctions requires significantly fewer computations than methods which rely on check sums. The states assigned to each of the conductors correspond to the outputs of conventional analog circuits. For example, a state indicating that the conductor potential was toggling with a switching frequency in a particular frequency band may be detected with a band-pass filter tuned to the frequency range in question. Hence, the local test computer 52 need only compare the detected diagnostic number with a list of illegal diagnostic numbers. The number of illegal states, S, will depend on the type of communication path and the communications protocol being used. If there are S numbers in a list, the maximum number of comparisons needed to determine if a given number is in the list is log2 S. Since, a check sum calculation requires one add operation for each byte in the data packet, this is significantly less than the computational effort required to compute a check sum.
Various modifications to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
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|Method of testing a program controlled electrical installation
|Aug 10, 1993
|May 14, 1997
|Siemens Ag
|Method of testing a program controlled electrical installation
|Mar 16, 1994
|Oct 5, 1994
|AT&T Corp.
|Method for path testing and/or monitoring within a multiple node telecommunication network
|Mar 16, 1994
|Jun 14, 1995
|At & T Corp
|Method for path testing and/or monitoring within a multiple node telecommunication network.
|Jan 19, 1999
|Aug 18, 1999
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Computer security using virus probing
|Jan 19, 1999
|Apr 23, 2003
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Computer security using virus probing
|Dec 5, 2002
|Oct 16, 2003
|Riverstone Networks Inc
|Rate shaping in packet-based computer network
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 29, 1986
Owner name: PACTEL COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES, 140 NEW MONTGOMER
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BRENNEMAN, WILLIAM D.;HODGES, ROBERT D.;REEL/FRAME:004596/0184
Effective date: 19860829
|Jan 10, 1989
|Certificate of correction
|Jan 7, 1992
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 10, 1992
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 23, 1992
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 11, 1992
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, A NEW
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PACTEL COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES, A CA CORP.;REEL/FRAME:006083/0642
Effective date: 19920506
|May 13, 1992
|Surcharge for late payment
|May 13, 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 21, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 31, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Apr 27, 2000
Owner name: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC., A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CISCO SYSTEMS, INC., A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA;REEL/FRAME:010756/0122
Effective date: 20000405
|Jun 14, 2000
Owner name: CISCO SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010832/0878
Effective date: 20000126


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August 19: James Kirtley took four of the last five wickets to finish with six for 34, level the series for England and take a man-of-the-match award on his debut.
August 18: England bowlers rediscovered their discipline to leave South Africa with a demanding task on the final day.
August 17: With victory looking assured, England let South Africa back in.
England v South Africa: Naseer Hussain's steely hundred stemmed England's sense of mounting crisis.
The close, 90th over: England 296-3 (Hussain 108, Smith 40) And that, ladies and gents, is it. What a great day it's been for England. The pitch is already showing signs of uneven bounce, which is precisely what England want to see with nearly 300 on the board already. Now they need to score 500 and put South Africa under real pressure. Join us tomorrow from 10.30am, when, hopefully, we can bring you news of the Guardian's very own flash-mob experience at Victoria station.
59th over: England 212-2 (Butcher 103, Hussain 72) Hussain pads up perilously to Hall, but he's hit outside the line of off stump. The next ball disappears through point with a flashing blade - four of the very best. Hussain then mishooks Hall in the direction of long leg, but Ntini can't get round in time and Boucher can't get back quickly enough. The luck is going England's way. That's tea and what a session it's been for England. They've scored 127 runs at 4.1 an over without losing a wicket. This series isn't dead yet. Join me at 3.45pm for more.
Over-by-over report: Can Graeme Smith score another double-century? Will England's new boys cut the mustard? Follow the action from Trent Bridge here.
August 14: South Africa's Jacques Kallis, who missed the first two tests, has returned to play the third test against England at Trent Bridge.
August 12: Graeme Smith is the leader who came from nowhere to restore South Africa's pride, says Neil Manthrop.
Once derided as an undeserving beneficiary of the quota system, South Africa's first black player is now fully integrated, says Jon Henderson.
August 9: Building towards of the third Test on Thursday, South Africa will resume the final day of their tour match against Kent leading by 236 runs with six wickets in hand.
August 4: A tale of two dressing rooms - screaming, shouting and high-japery for South Africa, the foul stench of failure for England.
Can England breathe life into what looks like an impossible situation? The weather looks to be set fair for another obscene total. Join Anjana for a blow-by-blow account and, no doubt, some stats to make you weep.
Can England breathe life into what looks like an impossible situation? England have been battered around the ground for two days, do they have anything left in the tank? Join Anjana for a blow-by-blow account and, no doubt, some stats to make you weep.
August 2: South Africa's record-breaking batsman Graeme Smith last night revealed the inspiration for his monumental innings.
August 1: After an England batting display every bit as dismal as had been the bowling at Edgbaston, Michael Vaughan stood at mid-off, as promised, powerless.
Over-by-over report: Follow England's first Test under Michael Vaughan's captaincy as it unfolds at Lords.

subset: commoncrawl


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Zanardi, who lost both legs in a horrific crash during a CART series race in Germany two years ago, returned to racing in Monza last October with encouraging results for the BMW team.
Italian team manager Roberto Ravaglia announced Zanardi's full-time return Thursday.
Driving a specially modified BMW, Zanardi placed seventh in the second run of the closing European Championship event, fighting back from an eighth row start.
"I'm happy ... I will be driving against aggressive opponents," Zanardi said on the Web site of Gazzetta dello Sport. "I don't expect any favors."


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Why Cosmetic Surgery Abroad Has Become Popular?
A cosmetic surgeon is a person who's expert in medical and surgical procedures which enhance the looks of a person. He fulfilled his army obligation serving at Aberdeen Proving Grounds and spent a year in Vietnam. Plastic surgery can enhance a affected person's look in order that they feel higher about the way in which they appear, and are more assured about their appearance. At this level you need to do your homework correctly to find an knowledgeable laser eye surgeon.
Breast augmentation surgical procedure consistently ranks among the most desired of elective procedures yearly. And for a considerably rising part of the population, they have opted to undergo a cosmetic procedure, to say the least. The surgeon has to make a cut that reaches from hip bone to hip bone in order to remove the undesirable fat and tighten up the belly muscle groups and a second incision that separates the navel from the encircling tissues. For a very long time, individuals view Lasik as a perfect eye surgery which will certainly result in complete vision correction, that is to say, people once present process a Lasik can be in no need of eyeglasses and make contact with lenses.
Laser hair removal is the procedure that seems to be their core competency but they're aware of all non-invasive cosmetic surgery therapies. Laser surgical procedure has been around for a very good number of years and is more effective and safer than ever before. While the risks of cosmetic surgery usually rely on the type of process and its complexity, in this article, we study cosmetic surgery abilene tx among the more frequent problems or unexpected conditions that you could be face as soon as your cosmetic surgical procedure is accomplished. Another professional or plus side to laser hair elimination is that there are little to no unwanted side effects. Cosmetic surgery has apparent benefits which may change your life significantly.
It is nice that with the appliance of laser eye surgical procedure, one would regain a transparent imaginative and prescient once again, and everyone wish to have a try. Cosmetic dentistry nowadays cosmetic surgery austin is made reasonably priced not solely to those that belong to the rich ones however for all. Cosmetic plastic surgery is elective and is not lined by most forms of medical insurance.
These infections are one of the threat elements associated with any laser resurfacing however with the right care before your procedure the risk is minimized. You simply take an image of the book you're considering of buying and the app scans the picture cosmetic surgery abroad statistics and provides you the prices of the product on Internet websites reminiscent of Amazon and Abe Books. This being so, the web site shouldn't be a scam and the claim of free beauty surgery is true.
Because of his quest to offer his sufferers with solely one of the best and most modern care, he has been asked to talk about refractive surgical procedure both by native media and at establishments around the world. The reasonably priced charges deliver cosmetic surgery more within the attain of abnormal people, so that cosmetic surgery is now changing aacs cosmetic surgery into extra widespread. If this is the case for you, cease being ashamed of your smile and do something about it by visiting a cosmetic dentist to get dental implants. Presbyopia Surgery: Presbyopia can now be treated with refractive surgery at our Sacramento workplace. Most individuals do seem to have unrealistic expectations earlier than their surgery is performed. There are many well qualified, expert and skilled beauty surgeons in Dallas who will do outstanding and you'll be assured of best outcomes.
Finally, consider the artistry of your beauty surgeon: you need someone who sees the massive image, who uses the latest, least invasive procedures and who cosmetic surgery associates is willing to spend the time making sure you're informed and comfortable—from the initial session by way of your restoration.
Author: Dilan BeliThis author has published 2445 articles so far. More info about the author is coming soon.


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Are you looking for a unique and memorable space to hold your next fundraising event? THEMUSEUM takes care of all your standard needs while offering an experience unmatched by any other venue.
Your fundraising event at THEMUSEUM includes:
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- Sherry H., not-for-profit
Contact us
THEMUSEUM is host to many different kinds of events all year round including:
Food/Bev Options
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© Copyright 2015 THEMUSEUM


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Experts Only
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Expert in Accounting, Finance, Financial Statements, SOX, Income Taxes, Budgets, A/R, A/P, Training, and IFRSExpert has 37 years' experience in Finance, Accounting, Budgeting, Risk Management, Consolidation, International Accounting, IFRS, Training, Record Clean Up, Chief Financial Officer, Mergers, Acquisitions, SEC Filings, Internal Controls, Auditing ... See full profile
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Chatsworth House, garden and farmyard opens 19 March and this year there are some really exciting things happening, including a variety of workshops, tours and talks including:
- Life on Chatsworth with the Duke & Duchess of Devonshire
- Floristry courses
- Behind the scenes toutrs
- Farmyard courses for beginners
Here's a quick look at what visitors to the Derbyshire estate can look forward to this Spring.
The Capability Brown Festival 2016
During the Capability Brown Festival year marking the 300th anniversary of Britain's most influential landscape gardener, Chatsworth will have interpretations and explanations of the work he carried out on the well-loved parkland. Lancelot 'Capability' Brown's landscapes are synonymous with England's green and pleasant land with their seemingly natural rolling hills, curving lakes, flowing rivers and majestic trees. After centuries of stiff, formal and enclosed gardens, Brown transformed landscapes across England in the 18th century using a new natural style, now considered quintessentially English. Chatsworth is planning to open a new purpose built exhibition space in the Game Larder within the park in Summer 2016, subject to Heritage Lottery Funding. The Game Larder will house a permanent exhibition about the development of the landscape, featuring a section on Brown to tie in with the 300 year anniversary. Please check the Chatsworth website for further details of events and talks throughout the year.
Masterplan Project Phase Four
Current to November 2017
The final phase of the Masterplan, the monumental renovation and restoration project launched in 2005 with a total value of £32.7million, is now underway with completion scheduled for November 2017. One of the largest projects undertaken by Chatsworth since the 6th Duke built his great North Wing in the 1820s, this fourth phase focuses on the East side of the house which faces towards the Cascade in the garden, with scaffolding now in place to enable the stone to be cleaned, repointed and repaired. Rotten stones will be removed and replaced with new stone taken from Burntwood Quarry, the location of the stone used to build the North Wing. Once the work is completed, all the facades of the house will appear newly rejuvenated. Other work includes replacing coverings on 23 roofs; installing hundreds of roof vents and thermal insulation; joinery repairs and rebuilding chimney stacks. The Orangery rooflight will be restored and solar and UV film will be applied to the glass to keep the building cool in hot summer months.
Easter Eggstravaganza
19 March – 10 April
One of the biggest and most popular Easter egg hunts in the region, Easter crafts in the barn and a ride on the magical Easter Eggspress are just some of the treats in store for those who visit Chatsworth this Easter as the estate opens for the new season. There's something for visitors of all ages to enjoy, from free face painting in Flora's Temple to egg hunt trails in the house and garden and of course, the chance to spot the Easter Bunny who will be hopping by to deliver treats every day of the Easter weekend (25-28 March).
Never a Bore: Deborah Devonshire and Her Set by Cecil Beaton
19 March -3 Jan 2017
Never a Bore is a fascinating collection of rarely seen and intimate photographs of the late Dowager Duchess, Deborah Devonshire, and her glittering social circle, taken by her friend and well known portrait photographer Cecil Beaton. The exhibition takes its inspiration from one of Beaton's most famous remarks: "Perhaps the world's second-worst crime is boredom; the first is being a bore." This new exhibition presents around 65 photographs from The Cecil Beaton Studio Archive, on loan from Sotheby's, along with other rarely seen items from the Chatsworth archive. Combined with Cecil Beaton's insightful and witty commentary on many of his subjects, Never a Bore will recreate the essence of the Duchess's world and dazzling social set. On display in the New gallery, the exhibition is included in house admission.
A Grand Tour of the Devonshire Collection
19 March – June 2016
In season two of the Grand Tour cultural partnership with Nottingham Contemporary, The Harley Gallery and Derby Museums, Chatsworth will celebrate the Grand Tour and early continental travel from the perspective of the Devonshire families' own Grand Tours in an exhibition entitled 'A Grand Tour of the Devonshire Collection'. From the 2nd Earl, in the company of his tutor, the famous philosopher Thomas Hobbes; to Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire's exile on the continent, 'A Grand Tour of the Devonshire Collection' looks at what they saw, where they went, and what they and their contemporaries bought. The exhibition will show some important works, which are seldom on public view, including works by Canaletto, Domenichino's 'Madonna della Rosa', the sketchbooks of Inigo Jones and Van Dyck and 'Rome in Ruins' – an evocative collection of drawings by Sebastian Vrancx.
RHS Chelsea Flower Show Laurent-Perrier Chatsworth garden at Comes Home
19 March onwards
Landscape and garden designer Dan Pearson created a beautiful representation of a small – less trodden – part of the 105 acre Chatsworth Garden for the RHS Chelsea Flower Show which went on to win 'Best in Show'. In line with Pearson's passion for naturalism and the wilder side of gardening, the show garden was inspired by Chatsworth's ornamental Trout stream and Paxton's rockery. Due to launch in spring 2016, Pearson's work can be now viewed at Chatsworth itself as part of a regeneration project of the Trout stream area. The plants and rocks used within the show garden – including azalea, Rhododendron loderi, native woodrush, and various ferns sourced from Chatsworth – as well as many of the other plants, benches, decks and the large oak sculpture by David Nash have now been installed and planted along the Trout stream, with further planting to be added throughout the year. Although many of the items can already be appreciated, the area will provide most interest and colour from late spring onwards.
The Dodson & Horrell International Horse Trials
13 – 15 May 2016
The Dodson & Horrell Chatsworth International Horse Trials is three days of thrilling equestrian sport, combined with entertainment for all the family in the beautiful surroundings of Chatsworth. Visitors will enjoy world class competition, from elegant dressage, to exciting show jumping and thrilling cross country. There will also be entertainment and activities for the whole family, and the shopping village with more than 100 high quality trade stands.
For more information and ticketing options, visit www.chatsworth.org


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When you purchase something from our store, as part of the buying and selling process, we collect the personal information you give us such as your name, address and email address. This information is stored securely. It is encrypted through the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS). Your purchase transaction data is stored only as long as is necessary to complete your purchase transaction. After that is complete, your purchase transaction information is deleted. When you browse our store, we also automatically receive your computer's internet protocol (IP) address in order to provide us with information that helps us learn about your browser and operating system.Email marketing (if applicable): With your permission, we may send you emails about our store, new products and other updates.
Your information is stored securely. It is encrypted through the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS). To protect your personal information, we take reasonable precautions and follow industry best practices to make sure it is not inappropriately lost, misused, accessed, disclosed, altered or destroyed. If you provide us with your credit card information, the information is encrypted using secure socket layer technology (SSL) and stored with a AES-256 encryption. Although no method of transmission over the Internet or electronic storage is 100% secure, we follow all PCI-DSS requirements and implement additional generally accepted industry standards.
We accept refunds and exchanges. You must contact us before any refund or exchange is granted and you must adhere to the below terms.
Our policy lasts 30 days. If 30 days have gone by since your purchase, unfortunately we can't offer you a refund or exchange. To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it. It must also be in the original packaging. Once your return is received and inspected, we will send you an email to notify you that we have received your returned item. We will also notify you of the approval or rejection of your refund. If you are approved, then your refund will be processed, and a credit will automatically be applied to your credit card or original method of payment, within a certain amount of days.
ξYour wee princess or budding cowboy will LOVE these Teepees.
Suitable for year round use, both inside and out äóñ these will be an instant hit with your wee one!
Super durable and made from a high quality cotton canvas which is 80% cotton and 20% polyester (for durability/strength).
Cowboysξwith green lining inside
Blue stripeξwith solid blue lining
Pink stripeξwith fairy lining inside
Girly Girl with candy stripe, gingham check and roses
Montanaξ- the one eveyone has asked for! Gorgeous natural colour with chocolate floor
Multi Stripeξwith turquoise blue lining
Red Stripeξwith solid red lining
Black Stripe with black floor
Black Cross with black floor
Your kids will enjoy hours of fun playing in their äóÖownäó» tent, hut or house!
The doors have a tie at the bottom on each side for easy entry, and the floor of the teepee has ties on each corner to ensure it can be secured easily.
Complete with 5 sturdy metal poles (new and improved design).
*Note - Cowboy Teepee has light brown poles (not dark brown as shown in images)
|Materials Used
|Made from a high quality cotton canvas which is 80% cotton and 20% polyester (for durability/strength).
|Assembled Size
|Height approx - 155cm
Base approx - 170 x 170cm
Complete with 5 sturdy metal poles (new and improved design).
|Designed in Australia
|1 Year
Delivered flat packed - Light assembly required
Super easy to assemble.
|People & Planet
Fair Trade Practices
Complies with Australian/NZ standards
Tested and certified to meet EN71 safety standards.
|Shipping Cost
|Flat rate only $9.95 to mainland Australia (exceptions apply)
|Ships When
|Ships 1-2 business days
|Delivery Times
|Delivery times will vary across the country. Standard times for metropolitan areas are 3 - 5 business days, with outer areas – eg WA (Perth) & NT (Darwin) - up to 10-14 days
|Ships With
|Tracking details and number provided
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|We cannot ship this item to a PO Box. Please supply a physical address. Please ensure you advise us of a delivery address where someone will be available to accept the package during working hours.
|Please include your mobile number in case the driver or GummyBabies.com.au needs to contact you


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Otis Gospodnetic <otis_gospodne...@yahoo.com>
|Re: Questions about DeleteFile method
|Tue, 03 May 2005 05:25:51 GMT
Judging from the method name, this is back in Lucene.Net, so maybe this is a bug in the .Net port. The .cfs file indicates that you are using the compound index format, which means that *.fN files should not be deleted explicitly like that. I wonder if you see the same behaviour with Lucene (Java). Otis --- Monsur Hossain <email@example.com> wrote: > So after digging around FSDirectory's DeleteFile method, I noticed > something > curious. After an incremental index, the system tried to delete a > lot of > *.f* files (like _5.f1, _5.f2), which didn't exist on the file > system. > These files are named after the segment that is being deleted (for > example, > there does exist a _5.cfs file, which is deleted). Why its trying to > delete > these files that don't exist? > > Also, when these files aren't found, DeleteFile throws an exception; > the > calling method traps this exception and adds the filename to the > "deletable" > file. This can lead to a lot of exceptions being thrown during a > large > indexing operation, which could incur a performance penalty. For > performance reasons, should DeleteFile return a boolean (true if the > file is > deleted, false if not), which the calling method can then handle > approriately? The calling method would still have to trap on the > exception, > but at least there'd be far fewer Exceptions thrown. > > Thanks, > Monsur > > P.s. I haven't done any perf tests to verify this, it was just a > thought. > I'll look into pulling something together. ____________________________________________________________________ Simpy -- simpy.com -- tags, social bookmarks, personal search engine --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
|View raw message


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Inspiration Monday
Wow, what incredible talent we have displayed this month and today is no different. I truly think it is impossible to not be inspired by the team and all they have created this month. After checking out our inspiration here and on the team members' blogs, make sure you take some time to look at all of the incredible submissions for this month's challenge Fall is in the Air . It is not too late to add your project HERE for a chance to win our month prize giveaway of 50 Emporium Dollars to spend with us. Get ready for operation inspiration…
Anne Redfern is certainly playing along with our Fall is in the Air monthly challenge with this beautiful Thanksgiving card! The colours are stunning Anne!
Speaking of colours, you have to head over to Bobbi Smith's blog to check out this amazing Halloween tag. All I can is WOW to the seedless preserves on this tag! Absolutely in love!
Karin Akesdotter looks like she had some serious fun with her new Tim Holtz stencils creating this adorable tag! How cute is he???
Pamela Ho is getting into the holiday spirit with the new releases from Paper Smooches. All four projects very different and show the versatility of die cuts. Great job Pamela!
Keeping with her spooky theme, Shelly Hickox shares a colourful BOO! Make sure to check out the transparent spiderwebs, SO very clever!
It is always a perfect time to think of all the incredible teachers we have that really make a difference in our kids lives. Sue Kment has created a fantastic teacher's gift with this Tissue Box which would look great on any desk!
Who doesn't love Snoopy??? Loving the boldness is this card also from Sue Kment. Make sure you check out her blog HERE for a few other projects using this Group Hugs stamp set from Paper Smooches.
There is so much detail in this stunning piece by Lisa Hoel. She has been able to create a floating feeling as if the pieces are suspended in water. Fantastic decor piece Lisa!
Kath Stewart has created great texture and dimension in her artwork as she says hello to Autumn. The rich and warm colours really draw you in, beautiful Kath!
I don't think there is anything better than having a handmade treat bag to go door to door with on that spooktacular night. Kath has created the envy of the neighbourhood and I think chocolate will taste even better coming from it!
Is that talent or what?!?!
Enjoy your week! h


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Call Now to Learn More about Your Bankruptcy Options
Are your unpaid bills mounting up? When you have no hope of catching up, bankruptcy may be an option. Attorney Walter A. Metzen is a Board Certified Specialist in Consumer Bankruptcy Chapters 7 and 13. He knows that good people get into debt through no fault of their own. The economy changes, jobs are lost, people get hurt or sick and find medical bills mounting up. You have options under the bankruptcy laws which were put in place by the U.S. Congress to help people like you.
When you hire Walter Metzen, he will represent you. You will not be meeting with a legal assistant or paralegal. He takes a detailed approach to your financial matter and recommends the solution best for you and your family.
Contact Mr. Metzen today if you need legal assistance with any of the following:
- Bankruptcy
- Chapter 13 Bankruptcy
- Chapter 7 Personal Bankruptcy
Walter Metzen and Associates serves Detroit and surrounding areas.
Call Walter Metzen today at 313-962-4656 to arrange your free initial consultation.
Attorney Profile
Attorney Walter A. Metzen
- Michigan
- Detroit School of Law, J.D., 1991
- Michigan State University, B.S., Criminalistics and Forensic Science, 1987
Professional Memberships and Achievements:
- Michigan Bar
- American Bar Association
- Consumer Bankruptcy Association
- National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys, Inc.
- American Bankruptcy Institute
- Debtor's Bar Association of Detroit Michigan
- Board Certified in Consumer Bankruptcy Chapters 7 and 13


text: PPR in Venture With Sowind Group PPR is beefing up its watch business. By Robert Murphy on June 10, 2008 PARIS — PPR is beefing up its watch business. The French retail and luxury conglomerate, which owns Italy's Gucci Group, said it has sealed a long-term strategic partnership with Sowind Group, the Swiss holding company that owns luxury timepiece manufacturers Girard-Perregaux and JeanRichard. WWD logo To Read the Full Article SUBSCRIBE NOW Already a Subscriber? Log in. Tap into our Global Network Of Industry Leaders and Designers load comments blog comments powered by Disqus


text: The Longing is a phenomenon experienced by the Ogier. During the Breaking of the World, many Ogier stedding were lost or destroyed; the Ogier wandered for a long time searching for them. This period of time apparently sensitized the Ogier to separation from the stedding; a present-day Ogier who leaves the stedding for a long time becomes increasingly ill, among other effects. The Longing, as well as Ogier distaste for the hasty, warlike habits of humanity, is a key reason for the Ogier tendency to stay safely within the stedding.


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Lesson 1: Starting the Journey
You did it! You signed up for Boris and my 30 Days to a Fitter You.
A few tips to keep your fitnesss lifestyle on track:
1. Get an accountability buddy
2. Take a picture
Fitter You: 310 Lifestyle Starter Kit with 310 Thin
The new year is here and so is a new chance to finally conquer your weight loss goals and achieve your absolute BEST in 2017.
We've got some essentials you'll need to make that possible…
Using this effective system to gear up your healthy lifestyle is as easy as 1, 2, 3…
This enhanced formula contains proven plant proteins pea, brown rice, and hemp – all with immense support to aid in weight loss. Breakthroughs in technology have enabled us to add intensely rich flavors to these shakes, so they taste incredible while being sugar-free. We've also added gut-supporting probiotics as well as a vitamin and mineral blend for overall health.
Just add one scoop of 310 Shake and water into the 310 Shaker Cup included with this kit and mix (great for before or after a workout!), or add the scoop to a smoothie with your favorite fruits, vegetables, and other healthy ingredients.
By replacing a meal with 310 Shake, you reduce the number of calories you take in from that meal. The shake also helps to suppress your appetite so you don't snack on other foods throughout the day.
If you want to take your weight loss to the next level, replace two meals a day with 310 Shake, which will give you 14 days of enhanced results using this kit. Or if you are looking for less weight loss or a healthy maintenance routine, replace one meal a day and this kit will last you 28 days. Always remember to have at least one full healthy meal a day along with the meals you replace with a shake, to ensure you get enough calories and nutrients you need.
Choose between shake flavors: Vanilla, Strawberry, or NEW Vanilla Chai. Be sure to visit our 310 recipe page for great recipe ideas.
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Nutrition Facts
310 Shake Vanilla Nutrition Facts
310 Shake Vanilla Chai Nutrition Facts
310 Shake Strawberry Nutrition Facts
310 Thin Nutrition Facts


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Make 3D Model of a Phone Case
Presupuesto $30-250 USD
Thank you for considering working on our project. We hope this idea will provide much more security in how people carry their phones and allow them to greatly reduce the probability of dropping them which is undoubtedly an issue that most people have to deal with frequently. In the long run this new case will allow people to save hundreds of dollars on screen repairs over their phones lifetime. I am attempting to create a new brand of phone case with a mounted hoop/ring that pivots on a hinge on the back of the case. This allows the holder to insert one or two fingers inside the mechanism to prevent dropping the phone and can lay the mechanism back into the phone case when not in use. This mechanism must allow the phone to be able to spin on a 360 degree plane as shown in the picture. Winner must also be able to provide a usable copy of the design that is able to be printed at local 3D printing shops. Creativity is always encouraged!
44 los freelancers están ofertando un promedio de $171 para este trabajo.
Dear sir i am a product/industrial designer engineer with 5 years experience in mechanical design,CAD/CAM design, product design, 3D modeling,3D rendering, 3D printing, prototyping and industrial design. I am using A Más
Hello, We are Shroom Studios specializing in Animation, Vfx and Advertising. We have a pool of some really wonderful and talented artists for 3d Production. After learning about your project, I'm confident that our Más
Hello, I Have an experience of 5 years, Am going to meet on quality, efficiency and in time your project, to contact me for more info v
Hi, quick reasons why we are best for your project : *VISIT OUR PORTFOLIO ( http://rachel3dmaniax.weebly.com/) TO SEE OUR CREATIONS . *WE ARE WELL EXPERIENCED IN ALL KINDS OF 3D WORKS . *WE DELIVER OUR WORK IN TIM Más
Hi, i am ready for this project. can you show me any image reference of the model. i will do it within deadline. Please check my portfolio:- https://www.dropbox.com/sh/armg522a4aunb98/AADtGTJL7nAZqK6wIHF7JpGZa?dl=0#/ Más
Hello, my name is Aleksey, I'm 3d artist and animator, Information about me you can find on my profile page, but my portfolio will say much more Ask in private message to send additional portfolio samples Send me a Más
I WILL DO IN YOUR PRICE Dear Hiring Manager, You can review my profile see my client feedback, am experienced 3d artist working in 3ds max,solidwork,zbrush and maya. Please check my work https://w Más
Hi, i am available to design phone case. i will do your project according to your requirements. i will send you regular updates and will do it in fair cost... portfolio:- https://www.dropbox.com/sh/e7xm3lm66fjapqo/A Más
Hello.... I saw this project, and I want to participate. I am architect from Serbia, but I also do 3d modeling, industrial, mechanical, product and 3D print design. Check my portfolio, maybe you can find there somethi Más
Hello Sir, Greetings!! I am a professional and creative 3D modeler knowledgeable in wide array of modelling and texturing solution and providing photo-realistic rendering, 3D modelling and animation. I am well-ve Más


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ICANN Rules
Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy
(the "Rules")
As approved by the ICANN Board of Directors on 30 October 2009.
Administrative proceedings for the resolution of disputes under the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy adopted by ICANN shall be governed by these Rules and also the Supplemental Rules of the Provider administering the proceedings, as posted on its web site. To the extent that the Supplemental Rules of any Provider conflict with these Rules, these Rules supersede.
- Paragraph 1: Definitions.
- Paragraph 2: Communications.
- Paragraph 3: The Complaint.
- Paragraph 4: Notification of Complaint.
- Paragraph 5: The Response.
- Paragraph 6: Appointment of the Panel and Timing of Decision.
- Paragraph 7: Impartiality and Independence.
- Paragraph 8: Communication Between Parties and the Panel.
- Paragraph 9: Transmission of the File to the Panel.
- Paragraph 10: General Powers of the Panel.
- Paragraph 11: Language of Proceedings.
- Paragraph 12: Further Statements.
- Paragraph 13: In-Person Hearings.
- Paragraph 14: Default.
- Paragraph 15: Panel Decisions.
- Paragraph 16: Communication of Decision to Parties.
- Paragraph 17: Settlement or Other Grounds for Termination.
- Paragraph 18: Effect of Court Proceedings.
- Paragraph 19: Fees.
- Paragraph 20: Exclusion of Liability.
- Paragraph 21: Amendments.
On 30 October 2009 the the ICANN Board of Directors approved various amendments to these UDRP Rules as proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) in a letter of 17 September 2009. In essence, these amendments removed the requirement for hard-copy submission of complaints and responses in order to reduce printing and postage costs and to enhance the efficiency of the UDRP process.
This revised version of the Rules is in effect for all UDRP proceedings in which a complaint is submitted to a provider on or after 1 March 2010. The prior version of the Rules, applicable to all proceedings in which a complaint was submitted to a Provider on or before 28 February 2010, is still available at http://www.icann.org/en/dndr/udrp/uniform-rules-24oct99-en.htm. UDRP Providers may elect to adopt the notice procedures set forth in these Rules prior to 1 March 2010.
It seems possible that some clerical mistakes were made when implementing these changes. For example, according to the "old" version of the Rules as archived on ICANN's website, paragraph 4(a) obliged the Provider to "forward the complaint". WIPO's final proposal to amend theses Rules, which ICANN's Board of Directors apparently approved on 30 October 2009 without any further modifications, wanted to change this word "forward" into "send" (without explaining why such change would be necessary or advisable). The Rules that are currently published on ICANN's website, however, still use the word "forward" and not "send". With paragraph 4(c) the situation is somewhat similar: The word "forwarding", which was used in the archived old version, has actually been changed into "sending" in the new version, even though WIPO's proposal did not make it clear that there would be such change. Similarly, the second sentence of the introductory paragraph cited above ("To the extent that the Supplemental Rules of any Provider conflict with these Rules, these Rules supersede.") is also neither contained in the "old" Rules nor in WIPO's proposal, but it is nevertheless stated on ICANN's website now as part of the official "new" Rules. It is not clear who has made these "corrections", and why.
(to be added)


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Isabella Chrystin – Piss On That Picture Perfect Face
Released: July 20, 2014
Isabella Chrystin is a classic beauty with her golden skin and tight ass body, so it's no surprise that she's taking part in a photo shoot in the park…but she's also a total slut, so it should be no surprise that she takes any opportunity to put some dick inside of her! The photographer may be nervous at first out there in public, but if they just leave those outfits on and go at it there's no stopping the fuck-train! This babe take sit in multiple positions right there in the grass until she gets her model face plastered with jizz! And if all that wasn't picture worthy enough, she then pisses all over her photographer and then takes a long golden shower herself, getting her pretty face pissed on!


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By Stephanie Lo
Financial decisions are the most critical for adults 50 years old and beyond. No longer are decisions as simple as saving money and deciding where to invest. Instead, older adults must make choices that will impact the rest of their lives. Critical questions demand answers: "Is there enough money to support me for the rest of my life?" "When can I use funds from retirement accounts?" "When should I collect Social Security?" But unfortunately, society often focuses more on educating the younger generations about their finances. Older adults may be wise in the ways of the world, but that doesn't mean that they don't need available financial education. Financial education for both today and the future is crucial. Start now and make the most out of the future.
In 1935, President Franklin Roosevelt implemented a plan to help the citizens of the United States escape the financial burdens of the Great Depression - Social Security1. Social Security is a program that pays out money to citizens for: retirement income, disability income, death and survivorship benefits, Medicare and Medicaid services. Every citizen of the United States is assigned a Social Security number. Once that individual is of working age and begins to work for an employer, they start to accrue Social Security funds that are held by the government until needed. Retirement benefits can start as early as 62 years old and as late as 70 years old 2. The amount a retiree receives depends on how long they have worked and how much they have contributed to Social Security over the years.
There are differing opinions on how someone should invest when they are older; some claim that retirees need to be more conservative, while others suggest that older investors become more aggressive. It can depend on how investments have been handled in the past and how much one's account needs to grow. The more money a retiree has saved, the less risk they may need to take in investing. However, it can be prudent to diversify investments to lower the risk no matter how much an individual has saved. Older adults should carefully consider their risk and invest in a way that they can handle both financially and emotionally.
If investments are planned correctly, investors should have a variety of accounts such as annuities, IRAs, pension plans and more that they can pull funds from. But every year, individuals should review the amount they plan on withdrawing and consider factors such as health, life expectancy and personal need along with the remaining balance. If a retiree plans well, they can expect to receive a retirement "paycheck."
Health and long-term care insurance are expenses that often get overlooked when planning for the future. Not only do insurance rates generally increase as one ages but the possibility of long-term care needs typically rises as well. Although Medicaid and supplemental insurance can be options, it may be important to find an insurance provider that will meet your health needs as you age.
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of OneMain. The information in this article is provided for education and informational purposes only, without any express or implied warranty of any kind, including warranties of accuracy, completeness or fitness for any particular purpose. The information in this article is not intended to be and does not constitute financial, legal or any other advice. The information in this article is general in nature and is not specific to you the user or anyone else. The author was compensated by OneMain for this post.
CA: OneMain Financial Group, LLC and OneMain Financial Services, Inc. and OneMain Consumer Loan, Inc. – Loans made or arranged pursuant to Department of Business Oversight California Finance Lenders License. NH: OneMain Financial Group, LLC - NMLS # 1339418 and OneMain Consumer Loan, Inc. - NMLS # 937358. PA: OneMain Financial Group, LLC and OneMain Financial of Pennsylvania, Inc. and OneMain Consumer Loan, Inc. – Licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. RI: OneMain Consumer Loan, Inc., Rhode Island Licensed Lender and Licensed Small Loan Lender.
For residents of the State of Washington only: OneMain Financial Group, LLC - Consumer Loan Company License - NMLS # 1339418, OneMain Financial of Washington, Inc. - Consumer Loan Company License - NMLS # 36167, OneMain Consumer Loan, Inc. - Consumer Loan Company License - NMLS # 937358 and OneMain Financial Services, Inc. - Consumer Loan Company License - NMLS # 1056. Click here for the NMLS Consumer Access Database.


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Katy Perry - Dressin' Up (unofficial video) ft. Brittney Bouchard MP3
www.BrittneyBouchard.com Free Download http://noisetrade.com/brittneybouchard/dressin-up Connect with me here :) SAY HI!
Katy Perry - Dressin' Up (Lyric Video) MP3
Official lyric video for Katy Perry "Dressin' Up," available on her album 'Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection'. Download the album on iTunes: http://www.
Dressin' Up
Katy PerryDressin' up For you Dressin' up For you Saucer of milk, table for two You wanna pet my kitty? You're such a dirty doggie It's your lucky night, 'cause I'm in the mood I'm feeling spicy, I'm feeling real naughty Pick a part, you dream it up A dark vixen, a Lolita Oh boy tell[...]
Katy Perry - Dressin' up / with lyrics on screen [MP3 DL] MP3
DL : http://www.mediafire.com/?1hqbzc33g449c22Like subs comment !!!Katy Perry Dressin' Up Lyrics(c) i do not own anything in this video.
Katy Perry Dressin' up with lyrics on screen MP3 DL MP3
The Box - Katy Perry (Traducida Al Español) MP3
Esta canción me ha ayudado en muchos momentos. Una de mis canciones favoritas de Katy. Espero que os guste. Si tenéis alguna duda, corrección, o si ...
Nightcore - Dressin' Up MP3
Originally : Katy Perry - Dressin' Up Download : https://dl.dropbox.com/u/86039891/Nightcore%20-%20Dressin%27%20Up.mp3.
Katy Perry - Wide Awake (Lyric Video) MP3
Official lyric video for "Wide Awake" available on 'Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection' on iTunes: http://goo.gl/fzMyR Written for Katy's forthcoming 3D ...
Wide Awake
Katy PerryI'm wide awake I'm wide awake I'm wide awake Yeah, I was in the dark I was falling hard With an open heart I'm wide awake How did I read the stars so wrong? I'm wide awake And now it's clear to me That everything you see[...]
Katy Perry - Waking Up In Vegas MP3
Pre-VEVO play count: 17051432 Music video by Katy Perry performing Waking Up in Vegas. (C) 2009 Capitol Music Group, a division of Capitol Records, LLC.
Dressin' Up - Anime MV ♫ AMV MP3
Bestamvsofalltime Latest videos here: http://www.facebook.com/Icanonlycarry10lolisatatime All the channels I use for uploading are in my channels subscription ...
Nightcore - Dressin' Up (Request) MP3
Thank you for the request ^^ Also,hahahaha sorry for the lyrics.. xD Was trying out something but I guess I failed :3 Meh it's fun to make them so I'll get better with ...
Katy Perry - Dressin' Up Karaoke/Instrumental + Lyrics (With backing vocals) MP3
Katy Perry - Dressin'Up Instrumental + Lyrics (With backing vocals). ♥ Audio: TheCarlosSaga.
Dressin' Up - FULL MEP [MSP] MP3
HELLO PEOPLE! *-* I am so proud of everybody which have taken a part in the MEP! Thank you so much! *-*
Katy Perry - Dressin' Up [Karaoke/Instrumental] with lyrics MP3
Instrumental with backing vocals ;) Dressin' Up it's a song included in Katy Perry's "Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection" https://twitter.com/luis_adrianch.
Katy Perry - The One That Got Away (Audio) MP3
Static video for Katy Perry's sixth single off 'Teenage Dream' - "The One That Got Away". Download the track on iTunes here: http://goo.gl/LYiQG (P) (C) 2011 ...
The One That Got Away
Katy PerrySummer after high school when we first met We'd make out in your Mustang to Radiohead And on my 18th birthday we got matching tattoos Used to steal your parents' liquor and climb to the roof Talk about our future like we [...]
Katy Perry - Part Of Me (Lyric Video) MP3
Official lyric video for Katy Perry's "Part of Me" debuted at the 2012 GRAMMY Awards and available on her upcoming March 26, 2012 album 'Teenage Dream: ...
Part Of Me
Katy PerryDays like this I want to drive away Pack my bags and watch your shadow fade You chewed me up and spit me out Like I was poison in your mouth You took my light, you drained me down But that was then and this is now Now look at me This is the part of me That you're never gonn[...]


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NEW YORK (AP) NBC News has locked Lester Holt into some really long days on the weekend.
Holt will anchor the weekend editions of "Nightly News" while continuing as co-host of "Weekend Today" on Saturday and Sunday, the network said Wednesday.
His predecessor at night, John Seigenthaler, signed off last month when NBC News decided not to renew his contract. NBC said it couldn't afford an anchor whose chief duties were weekend nights.
Now Holt, who gets in at 5 a.m. on the weekends, will stick around for the evening broadcast.
"The only thing I asked was, 'Can I go home for a few minutes?'" Holt said. He'll actually have a couple hours off. But for breaking news, he'll be NBC's main person on duty on the weekend.
Holt said he liked the variety that both jobs will bring him.
"It's a chance to stretch all the different muscles that are part of being a broadcast journalist," he told The Associated Press.
Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Bruegger's Bagel Bakery
3558 Winnetka Ave. N. Send to Phone
763-545-6783 | Make Restaurant Reservations | Menu
OpenBreakfast, Lunch & Dinner daily
- Parking available
- Dress code: Casual
- Heart-healthy dishes
- Kid-friendly
* Click here for rating key
Bruegger's Bagel Bakery Restaurant Review: For a breakfast bagel sandwich that is far superior to most fast food offerings, order the "Western," which comes with egg, bacon, roasted red peppers, red onions and chipotle sauce. Unfortunately, the coffee at Bruegger's isn't as good as we want it to be, but many locations remedy this shortcoming by sharing a wall with local coffee spot Caribou Coffee. Bagels come in standard issue plain, salt, poppy seed and garlic for purists and experimental flavors such as sun-dried tomato for those who can't leave well enough alone. There are also respectable soups (some stores have a soup-line; you can call for the day's specials).
Find out which restaurants and chefs top the list of GAYOT's 2016 Annual Restaurant Awards.