text:
By James White, B.A., M.A. Adjunct Professor Teaching Church History, Grand Canyon University
During the summer of 1989, the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society distributed, through its District Conventions, a new pamphlet entitled "Should You Believe in the Trinity?" This booklet was sub-titled, "Is Jesus Christ the Almighty God?" The booklet was interesting for many reasons, one being the fact that it contained no footnote references for its many supposedly scholarly claims. Another aspect of the booklet that caught the attention of many Christian reviewers was its attempted treatment of the writings of the early Fathers of the Christian faith, such as Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Hippolytus, and Origen ("Should You Believe in the Trinity?" p. 7). The statements made by the Watchtower Society regarding the views of these men were so far removed from the truth that entire books began appearing on the market, all easily refuting, directly from the writings of the Fathers, the claims made by the booklet.
One early Father conspicuous by his absence from the "Trinity" booklet was the bishop of Antioch, Ignatius. The reason seemed fairly obvious: the statements by Ignatius regarding the deity of Christ are clear and legion, and hence Ignatius did not fit into the purpose of the Society's publication. Admitting that such an early Father as Ignatius (he died around A.D. 107) spoke often of "our God, Jesus Christ" would not suite the Society's position. Hence, no mention was made of him in the booklet.
We were quite surprised, then, to learn that the February 1, 1992 Watchtower magazine contained an article that attempted to deal with the teachings of Ignatius of Antioch regarding the Deity of Christ. We knew that a series of articles had begun in the November 1, 1991 Watchtower entitled "Did the Early Church Teach That God is a Trinity?" We felt that this series was an attempt to buttress the tremendously flawed material that had appeared in the "Trinity" booklet two years earlier. In the second part of this series, which is to be found in the February 1, 1992 edition of the Watchtower, pages 19-23, we find an attempt to deal with The Didache, Clement of Rome's letter to the Corinthians, Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp, Hermas, and Papias. The article shows unconstrained bias in its dealing with each of these patristic sources, but we will focus our attention in this article upon the comments that take up all of page 21, those comments that deal with Ignatius of Antioch.
The Article
Ignatius, a bishop of Antioch, lived from about the middle of the first century C.E. to early in the second century. Assuming that all the writings attributed to him were authentic, in none of them is there an equality of Father, Son, and holy spirit.
Please note that the author (no names indicating authorship are ever given in Watchtower publications) introduces the issue of authenticity right at the beginning, and necessarily so. As we will see, the writer had available to him eight "pseudo-Ignatian" epistles, that are recognized by scholars to be later works, as well as a "longer recension" or version of Ignatius' true epistles. This longer version contains a great deal of material that gives internal evidence of having come from a later time period. We say that our writer had to introduce the issue of authenticity, for he will quote *exclusively* from either the pseudo-Ignatian epistles, or from the longer recension of the genuine epistles, to make his case. Further note that the author asserts that in "none" of the Ignatian writings (and we must assume he includes the genuine shorter version) do we find an equality of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Even if Ignatius had said that the Son was equal to the Father in eternity, power, position, and wisdom, it would still not be a Trinity, for nowhere did he say that the holy spirit was equal to God in those ways. But Ignatius did not say that the Son was equal to God the Father in such ways or in any other. Instead, he showed that the Son is in subjection to the One who is superior, Almighty God.
We must note the direct assertion that Ignatius "did not say that the Son was equal to God the Father" in eternity, power, position, or wisdom. As we examine the genuine Ignatian materials, we will see the importance of this claim. Following this paragraph, the Watchtower article goes on to provide three paragraphs of quotations from the longer version of the seven genuine Ignatian epistles, as well as from the pseudo-Ignatian epistles. *No citations are provided from the earliest, Greek versions of the genuine Ignatian writings.* These citations will be examined in their place.
It seems that the author is aware that he is leaving out a great deal of testimony to the deity of Christ, for he goes on to say,
True, Ignatius calls the Son "God the Word." But using the word "God" for the Son does not necessarily mean equality with Almighty God. The Bible also calls the Son "God" at Isaiah 9:6. John 1:18 calls the Son "the only-begotten god." Being vested with power and authority from Jehovah God, the Father, the Son could properly be termed a "mighty one," which is what "god" basically means.--Matthew 28:18, 1 Corinthians 8:6; Hebrews 1:2.
We will examine, later, the validity of this claim with reference to Ignatius' use of the term "God."
At this point the author introduces the issue of the authenticity of the Ignatian literature that he has cited:
However, are the 15 letters attributed to Ignatius accepted as authentic? In _The Ante-Nicene Fathers_, Volume I, editors Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson state:
"It is now the universal opinion of critics, that the first eight of these professedly Ignatian letters are spurious. They bear in themselves indubitable proofs of being the production of a later age...and they are now by common consent set aside as forgeries."
"Of the seven Epistles which are acknowledged by Eusebius...,we possess two Greek recensions, a shorter and a longer....Although the shorter form...had been generally accepted in preference to the longer, there was still a pretty prevalent opinion among scholars, that even it could not be regarded as absolutely free from interpolations, or as of undoubted authenticity."
We note again that our author, though providing this information, does not directly tell his readers that *all of the citations he provided earlier were taken either from the longer version of the genuine epistles, or from those epistles that, by the "universal opinion of critics" are set aside as spurious.* In fact, in the concluding paragraph, he says that "some" phrases that show Christ as subordinate to God are eliminated by using only the genuine Ignatian writings. Actually, *all* of the author's citations are eliminated by sticking with the original writings of Ignatius. We read,
If we accept the shorter version of his writings as genuine, it does eliminate some phrases (in the longer version) that show Christ as subordinate to God, but what is left in the shorter version still does not show a Trinity. And regardless of which of his writings are genuine, they show at best that Ignatius believed in a duality of God and his Son. This was certainly not a duality of equals, for the Son is always presented as lesser than God and subordinate to him. Thus, regardless of how one views the Ignatian writings, the Trinity doctrine is not to be found in them.
Note that the author does not openly admit that if he were limited to the genuine Ignatian writings that *all* of his citations would be removed from him. Further, he asserts that the "shorter version still does not show a Trinity." He further says that "the Son is always presented as lesser than God and subordinate to him."
Thus we have the presentation of the Watchtower Society on the beliefs of Ignatius, bishop of Antioch. Millions of people world-wide have now read these words, and believe implicitly that the ancient Father Ignatius did not say "that the Son was equal to God the Father" in any way. Before we examine all the claims made by this article, we will stop to allow the true Ignatius to speak for himself.
Ignatius on the Deity of Christ
Early in the second century, Ignatius made a journey from his home in Antioch to Rome, where he expected a certain death as a martyr for his testimony to Jesus Christ, his Lord. While visiting Smyrna, he wrote letters to the churches of the Ephesians, Magnesians, Trallians, and Romans. Later on in his journey, while at Alexandria Troas, Ignatius wrote three more letters, one to the Smyrneans, one to Polycarp, and one to the Philadelphians. These seven letters make up the true Ignatian corpus. As was mentioned above in the quotation from Roberts and Donaldson, two recensions of these letters exist. The longer recension bears the unmistakable evidence of a much later time-period than the early second century, and hence are seen as later productions. The shorter version is representative of what Ignatius felt was important to say to the churches as he went to a certain death. We note again that the Watchtower article *did not once quote from the true Ignatian materials.* Why? A review of the following quotations should provide our answer.
The following quotations are taken from J.B. Lightfoot's translation. The same material, with minor translational differences, will be found in Roberts and Donaldson, ANF I:49-96. Emphasis is added.
Ignatius, who is also Theophorus, unto her which hath been blessed in greatness through the plenitude of God the Father; which hath been foreordained before the ages to be for ever unto abiding and unchangeable glory, united and elect in a true passion, by the will of the Father and of *Jesus Christ our God*; even unto the church which is in Ephesus [of Asia], worthy of all felicitation: abundant greeting in Christ Jesus and in blameless joy (Ephesians 1).
My spirit is made an offscouring for the Cross, which is a stumbling-block to them that are unbelievers, but to us salvation and life eternal. Where is the wise? Where is the disputer? Where is the boasting of them that are called prudent? *For our God, Jesus the Christ,* was conceived in the womb by Mary according to a dispensation, of the seed of David but also of the Holy Ghost; and He was born and was baptized that by His person He might cleanse water (Ephesians 18).
From that time forward every sorcery and every spell was dissolved, the ignorance of wickedness vanished away, the ancient kingdom was pulled down, *when God appeared in the likeness of man* unto newness of everlasting life; and that which had been perfected in the counsels of God began to take effect (Ephesians 19).
Ignatius, who is also Theophorus, unto her that hath found mercy in the bountifulness of the Father Most High and of Jesus Christ His only Son; to the church that is beloved and enlightened through the will of Him who willed all things that are, by faith and love *towards Jesus Christ our God*; even unto her that hath the presidency in the country of the region of the Romans...(Romans 1).
Ignatius wrote to the Romans so as to ask them not to interfere with his martyrdom. It is in this context that he wrote,
Only pray that I may have power within and without, so that I may not only say it but also desire it; that I may not only be called a Christian, but also be found one. For if I shall be found so, then can I also be called one, and be faithful then, when I am no more visible to the world. Nothing visible is good. *For our God Jesus Christ, being in the Father, is the more plainly visible.* The Work is not of persuasiveness, but Christianity is a thing of might, whensoever it is hated by the world (Romans 3).
To the Smyrneans he wrote,
I give glory *to Jesus Christ the God who bestowed such wisdom upon you;* for I have perceived that ye are established in faith immovable, being as it were nailed to the cross of the Lord Jesus Christ, in flesh and in spirit, and firmly grounded in love in the blood of Christ, fully persuaded as touching our Lord that He is truly of the race of David according to the flesh, but Son of God by the Divine will and power, truly born of a virgin and baptized by John that all righteousness might be fulfilled by Him, truly nailed up in the flesh for our sakes under Pontius Pilate and Herod the tetrarch (of which fruit are we--that is, of His most blessed passion); that He might set up an ensign unto all the ages through His resurrection, for His saints and faithful people, whether among Jews or among Gentiles, in one Body of His Church (Smyrneans 1). Let no man be deceived. Even the heavenly beings and the glory of the angels and the rulers visible and invisible, if they believe not *in the blood of Christ [who is God],* judgment awaiteth them also (Smyrneans 6).
Aside from directly calling Jesus Christ "God," Ignatius gives us a number of other indications of his strong belief in the deity of Christ. For example, in writing to the Smyrneans he said,
For He suffered all these things for our sakes [that we might be saved]; and He suffered truly, *as also He raised Himself truly*; not as certain unbelievers say, that He suffered in semblance, being themselves mere semblance.
Here Ignatius attacks the docetic teachers of his day, and in doing so makes reference to the Lord Jesus raising *Himself* from the dead. As modern Christians often assert, the entire Godhead was involved in the resurrection--the Father is said to have raised Jesus from the dead (Romans 4:24), and Jesus' words in John 2:19-21 are clear as well. Ignatius here asserts the Son's role, and in his letter to the Trallians (9) he confesses his belief that the Father raised Christ from the dead as well.
Another vital passage is to be found in Ignatius' letter to Polycarp:
Await Him that is above every season, the Eternal, the Invisible, who became visible for our sake, the Impalpable, the Impassible, who suffered for our sake, who endured in all ways for our sake (Polycarp 3).
Here Ignatius describes the Son as eternal, invisible, impalpable and impassible. One is reminded of Paul's words to Timothy (1:17),
Now to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.
Surely Ignatius had no problem in describing the Son in this way. In fact, one of the highest Christological statements to be found in the early patristic literature is to be found in his letter to the Ephesians:
There is only one physician, of flesh and of spirit, generate and ingenerate, God in man, true Life in death, Son of Mary and Son of God, first passible and then impassible, Jesus Christ our Lord (Ephesians 7).
Such a confession of faith shows a keen insight into the person of Jesus Christ, for it shows that Ignatius was fully aware of the dual nature of Christ--"God in man" is the way he put it. Fully man and fully God--the Christian faith being confessed barely ten years after the death of the last apostle.
Finally, with reference to the three Persons of the Trinity, we note the following passage that comes close on the heals of the above:
...forasmuch as ye are stones of a temple, which were prepared beforehand for a building of *God the Father*, being hoisted up to the heights through the engine of *Jesus Christ*, which is the Cross, and using for a rope the *Holy Spirit*...(Ephesians 9).
One is immediately reminded of similar constructions found in the New Testament in such places as Matthew 28:19, 1 Thessalonians 1:2-5, 2 Thessalonians 2:13, 1 Corinthians 2:2-5, 6:11, 12:4-6, 2 Corinthians 1:21-22, 13:14, Romans 8:26-27, 14:17-18, 15:16, 15:30, Colossians 1:6-8, Ephesians 2:18, 3:16-17, and 4:4-6.
Let us summarize Ignatius' view. Seven times Ignatius directly calls Jesus Christ "God." Four of these times he uses the phrase "our God" or its equivalent. He expresses his belief that Jesus Christ raised Himself from the dead, and in describing Him, uses such terms as "eternal," "invisible," "impalpable," and "impassible." He speaks of Christ as "God in man," "true life in death," and as "Son of Mary and Son of God." To any serious investigator, Ignatius' belief in the deity of Christ could not be more clear.
It is truly incredible that anyone could write an article that allegedly gives an accurate view of Ignatius' view of Christ *without* citing the above passages, or even mentioning their existence! The deception is only compounded by the fact that the real Ignatian beliefs are hidden behind citations of non-Ignatian materials! We turn now to an examination of the claims made in the article itself.
Examination and Refutation
It is recognized by patristic scholars that the writings of the Apostolic Fathers, including the epistles of Ignatius, were not meant to be read as systematic theologies. We have not attempted to make Ignatius believe anything that he did not clearly express in his own words. But we must realize that the letters he wrote were not meant to be a full confession of his faith, nor are they to be thought of as an exhaustive representation of the theology of the bishop of Antioch early in the second century.
The author of the Watchtower article, however, does not seem to be aware of this. As he attempts to press each of the Fathers into a Witness mold, he makes statement after statement that would require him to have the gift of omniscience to make with certainty. He does the same with Ignatius. In the very first paragraph we read,
Assuming that all the writings attributed to him were authentic, in none of them is there an equality of Father, Son, and holy spirit.
We have seen that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are joined together in the one work of redemption by Ignatius in Ephesians 9, cited above. We noted how reminiscent this is to New Testament examples, such as that at Ephesians 4:4-5 and 2 Corinthians 1:21-22. Further, we must rightly assert that Ignatius was not a "henotheist;" that is, Ignatius was a monotheist, and did not believe in "secondary" gods. Hence, when Ignatius refers to "our God, Jesus Christ," he is not speaking of "our secondary god, Jesus Christ." Therefore, the equality of the Father and Son is to be found in Ignatius.
But Ignatius did not say that the Son was equal to God the Father in such ways or in any other.
We have already seen that Ignatius directly asserted the full deity of Christ. He described Christ as being eternal (Polycarp 3) and ingenerate (Ephesians 7). The term "ingenerate" is the Greek "agennetos", a common patristic description of the uncreated, eternal nature of the one God. Obviously, then, with reference to eternity, the Father and the Son would be equal. How, then, does the Watchtower writer attempt to substantiate his claims? He presses into service the pseudo-Ignatian epistles, as well as the longer recension of the true Ignatian letters. The first quotation presented comes from the longer version of the epistle to the Ephesians, ironically enough, section 7. We have seen above that the real epistle contains at this point a tremendously strong Christological confession, wherein Christ is called "generate and ingenerate" and "God in man." Here is the citation as given in the Watchtower article:
Ignatius calls Almighty God "the only true God, the unbegotten and unapproachable, the Lord of all, the Father and Begetter of the only-begotten Son," showing the distinction between God and His Son.
Note the following items: First, in the true epistle, the term "ingenerate" used here of the Father (and clearly showing His eternal deity) is used of Christ. Second, it is highly educational to note the very next sentence in the quotation from the longer recension, a quotation, again, conveniently skipped by the Watchtower:
We have also a Physician the Lord our God, Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son and Word, before time began, but who afterwards became also man, or Mary the virgin.
Even here the clear deity of Christ is proclaimed, and that in the very materials that the article asserts "always presents" the Son as "lesser than God." Thirdly, we note that the Watchtower is quite adept at misrepresenting the doctrine of the Trinity in its writings. While at times giving accurate definitions, the writers of the Watchtower often confuse the issue with statements such as the one we see above, "...showing the distinction between God and His Son." The distinction that is clear in Ignatius, and is clear in the doctrine of the Trinity as well, is between the Father and the Son. Many Witnesses believe that the doctrine of the Trinity presents a modalistic or Sabellian view of God--that is, they believe that Christians feel that the Father is the Son, and the Son is the Spirit, etc. There are some groups who believe like this--the United Pentecostal Church (UPC) for example, preaches a "Jesus Only" or "Oneness" theology--but such a viewpoint is not reflective of true Trinitarian doctrine. The Father is not the Son, nor is the Son the Father; therefore, to show a "distinction" between Father and Son is to say nothing more than what the doctrine of the Trinity has said all along. So pervasive is the misunderstanding of the doctrine of the Trinity amongst Witnesses that the article can go on to make the following statements:
He speaks of "God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ." And he declares: "There is one God, the Almighty, who has manifested Himself by Jesus Christ His Son."
The first quotation is from the conclusion of the longer version of the epistle to the Ephesians, and the second is from the longer version of section 8 of the epistle to the Magnesians. Though neither is genuinely Ignatian in origin, neither causes us the slightest problem with reference to the doctrine of the Trinity, either. Only by *assuming* a modalistic view of the Godhead can one find a problem in either of the citations.
Keeping in mind the true Ignatian reference to the eternity of Christ (Polycarp 3), we are amazed to read the next false assertion by the Watchtower:
Ignatius shows that the Son was not eternal as a person but was created, for the has the Son saying: "The Lord [Almighty God] created Me, the beginning of His ways.
The citation is from the spurious epistle to the Tarsians, section VI. Note that the author says, "Ignatius shows..."; yet, can we possibly believe that he did not notice that on page 105 of the volume of the _Ante-Nicene Fathers_ from which he is quoting, we have the heading, "Introductory Note to the Spurious Epistles of Ignatius"? How can he quote the "universally admitted" opinion of critics that this epistle to the Tarsians was *not* written by Ignatius, and yet say, "Ignatius shows..."? He compounds the error in the next sentence:
Similarly, Ignatius said: "There is one God of the universe, the Father of Christ, `of whom are all things;' and one Lord Jesus Christ, our Lord, `by whom are all things.' "
This is from the spurious epistle of Ignatius to Philippians, section I. Again, we need not belabor the point that the author was well aware that Ignatius did not say this, yet he uses the phrase, "Ignatius said." We note in passing that since this is, in fact, nothing but Biblical language taken almost directly from 1 Corinthians 8:6, it does not cause the doctrine of the Trinity a moment's unrest. We see again that the Witness reader of this article is *expected* to operate with a false (modalistic) view of the Trinity. This is the "straw man" argument at its best.
As the next two citations in the article are given without comment, and do not in any way impact the doctrine of the Trinity (nor provide support for the assertion made by the article to begin with), we will move on to the attempt by the writer to deflect the *one* admitted instance of Ignatius calling the Son "God." We read,
True, Ignatius calls the Son "God the Word." But using the word "God" for the Son does not necessarily mean equality with Almighty God.
The author fails to provide us with a reference to this usage regarding Christ being "God the Word" (although all other citations are referenced). One such instance can be found in the spurious letter to the Tarsians, section IV. We pause to again express amazement that the author could so glibly give his readers the impression that this is the *only* time Ignatius refers to Christ as God. When we admit the longer versions and the spurious epistles to the conversation, the occurrences of this construction is multiplied, *yet there is no mention of this by the writer.* We cannot see any possible excuse for such misrepresentation.
The attempt on the part of the Watchtower Society to deflect the description of Christ as "God" in various Biblical passages (Isaiah 9:6, John 1:1, 1:18) by saying that the basic meaning of "god" is "mighty one" is tremendously weak. First, Biblically speaking, the contexts in which Christ is called God make is painfully clear that the author is not simply saying that He is a "mighty one." But specifically in the context of Ignatius' writings, our writer does not even attempt to make a case that there is a basis for reading Ignatius' use of the term "God" with reference to Jesus Christ as nothing more than a description of Him as a "mighty one." A brief examination of the citations above reveals the following: In Ephesians 1, Ignatius speaks of "the will of the Father and of Jesus Christ our God." The divine will is predicated of Christ. In Romans 1 we see Ignatius speaking of "faith and love towards Jesus Christ our God." One does not have faith in "mighty ones," and the greatest commandment is to "love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind and strength" (Mark 12:30). In the introduction of the letter to the Smyrneans, Ignatius gives *glory* "to Jesus Christ the God who bestowed such wisdom upon you." One does not give glory to a secondary "mighty one," and one does not speak of wisdom being bestowed by anyone but the true God. There is no question that Ignatius viewed the Son has having the very *fullness of Deity* that Paul ascribed to Him as well (Colossians 2:9).
We read into the record once again the concluding statements of the Watchtower's attempt to present their doctrines under the name of the bishop of Antioch:
And regardless of which of his writings are genuine, they show at best that Ignatius believed in a duality of God and his Son. This was certainly not a duality of equals, for the Son is always presented as lesser than God and subordinate to him. Thus, regardless of how one views the Ignatian writings, a Trinity doctrine is not to be found in them.
We have seen that the Watchtower has been dishonest in dealing with the issue of authenticity with regards to Ignatius' writings. We have seen that the author of this article *never* cites the actual writings of Ignatius, but relies solely on materials that his sources clearly indicate are later writings. Further, the writer passes over in silence citation after citation that deals a death blow to his entire thesis, compounding his error by misleading his readers into thinking that Ignatius but once identifies the Lord as "God the Word."
It is obvious to any semi-impartial reader that the Watchtower is not the least bit interested in what Ignatius *actually* believed about Jesus Christ. It is their purpose to make Ignatius into one of Jehovah's Witnesses. Just as the Watchtower Society has smuggled their doctrines into the Bible by mistranslating numerous passages (John 1:1, 8:58, Colossians 1:16-17, 2:9, Titus 2:13, 2 Peter 1:1, Revelation 3:14, etc. and etc.), so they show a willingness to grossly misrepresent an early Father of the Christian Church regarding his belief in the deity of Christ. We cannot possibly accept any excuses for this kind of deceptive writing--poor scholarship is one thing, but this goes far beyond simply poor scholarship. This article shows definite, pre-meditated deception. It's purpose is to misrepresent Ignatius' beliefs, and in so doing confirm millions of Jehovah's Witnesses world-wide in their beliefs. When we think of the fact that the vast majority of those individuals do not have recourse to Ignatius' actual writings, so as to discover the truth for themselves, the grave responsibility that lies upon the shoulders of the Watchtower Society for this deception becomes clear.
The venerable bishop of Antioch at the turn of the first century of the Christian era believed heartily in the deity of Jesus Christ. As he often confessed Christ to be His God, he was but following the Apostolic example seen in Thomas (John 20:28), John (John 1:1), Paul (Titus 2:13) and Peter (2 Peter 1:1). No amount of misrepresentation can hide the truth of the Christian belief summarized so well by Paul, "For in Him dwells all the fullness of Deity in bodily form" (Colossians 2:9).


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subset: commoncrawl


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|Night Shift One Hop this Time: Nelson Sauvin
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notalush (405) Denver, Colorado | June 3, 2007
It sucks but it doesn't blow.
beastiefan2k (257) HdG (past: NYC, KS, Rain City), Maryland | June 2, 2007
"It sucks but it doesn't blow."
apoptosis (1) Denver , Colorado | June 1, 2007
"It sucks but it doesn't blow."
mkgrenwel (117) North Shore, Massachusetts | November 28, 2006| Updated November 15, 2011
Very small place with probably more seats at the long bar than tables. Also, most of the tables are in the back corner, which sucks. I was told that they don't serve liquor, but never verified this because I didn't care personally. This does make it less desireable for bringing friends who are not into beer. Otherwise, the selection is very good. The atmosphere fits in with the typical Boston young hipster crowd. Most people in the bar have probably read Bukowski. The service was fine and the food was typical bar fare. Cool place to hang out and relax with a good beer.
johnnysuede (4) Boston, Massachusetts | November 20, 2006
Cool music, very good selection, and the right lighting. I had heard rumors of brusque service, but my encounter with two bartenders was pleasant. The barflies were nice too, initiating conversation.
luiss (14) Elmsford, New York | September 2, 2006
It took me forever to get to this place, especially the way Boston's map explains it. The staff can be a bit rough if youre not a regular, but they tend to ease up a bit. Average pub food but it is good. I guess if you know what you want this is an excellant place, but be cautious when you try to be friendly to the bar staff, i dont think they take it well.
DarkMagus (33) San Diego, California | July 27, 2006
Definitely one of my favorite spots, ever. I chose this spot to have my first legal brew on my 21st birthday. The selection is all I could reasonably ask for, but pretty expensive (considering you can get many of the bottles they serve at any decent beer shop nearby for less than half the price). There are many, many bottles however... I have only had minimal experience with the food, but it's certainly adequate... pretty standard bar food. The proper glassware thing is no problem... this place rules Boston.
Slacks (22) Bolton, Ontario | July 4, 2006
Apparently you can't hit Boston without going here, and it's quite the little dive bar hanging over a highway. Ambiance is great, fitting to where it is and what it is. The selection of beers is excellent, I've not seen anything like it before. I spun the famed "Wheel of Indecision" and sadly got a Lone Star Ale, which sucked. Had a hot dog and white trash cheese dip - hot dog was fine, the dip was great. Kind of expensive food, but apparently they have a $1.69 burger 12-8 on weekdays.


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Reviewed By William F (HARRAH, OK) Reviewed for a 2003 Cadillac DeVille —10/13/2014 10:07 AM
I received the DshMat in a timely manner. Easily installed. Matched the color very well. A good by and quality.
Reviewed By Raymond H (Boynton Beach, FL) Reviewed for a 2004 Cadillac DeVille —5/19/2012 7:24 AM
Very pleased with the service and dashboard cover purchased from you. Nice to see that there are still some reputable businesses around in this day and age. I had ordered the wrong cover to begin with, entirely my fault, and you sent me the shipping label to return it and then sent the correct item to replace it. Unheard of in today's gotcha market. You get an A+.


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The Mayan Revolutionary War was a five-year conflict incited by the Mayan Revolution. It resulted in the defeat of the United States of America, led by Governor del Sur Theodore Roosevelt, and the establishment of the Zapatan Republic, among other territorial changes.
The longtime American occupation of Mexico had incited deep and long-lasting hatred among Mexicans, but most especially among the Mayan and Zapotecan communities of the South. As former slaveholders were given most of the best land in return for their slaves, they gained increasing political dominance, turning the native farmers into, essentially, a serf class. Moreover, they were forced to grow cotton to replace the slave-driven textile industry, which had been abandoned following manumission as no one was willing to pick cotton any longer. This cotton was then sold at extremely low prices on the international market, resulting in considerable profit for textile mills which manufactured it but none for those who grew it. Initial Mayan unrest had been crushed by American troops, notably in the Dia de Muertos, where 40 political leaders of the native community were summarily executed. However, the advent of Socialism had given the Mayans an ideology and the tensions between Japan and the U.S. had given them an international backer. Meanwhile, Emiliano Zapata, a fiery young political leader, stirred up increasing unrest in the central highlands of Oaxaca and the Yucatan, always lightly garrisoned. Most Mexican landowners were also disgruntled, having been stripped of much of their land, and threw their support behind the movement as well. The groups formed the Zapotecan Peasants' Alliance and the Mayan Revolutionary Council to forcibly protect their sovereignty.
The War Begins
In 1900, tensions came to a head as the price of cotton plummeted. Many American textile mills halved the prices at which they bought cotton, impoverishing peasants and landowners alike. Riots in Veracruz and Tampico were brutally put down by American garrison troops, leaving twelve dead. Arriving in Tampico on the 5th of May, Emiliano Zapata gave a fiery speech to a group of cotton workers exhorting them to rise up and overthrow the American occupiers."It is better" he told them "to die on your feet than live on your knees. Let us take our liberty by force!" Then he began tossing Japanese-made rifles to the crowd. American troops tried to seize him, but the crowd opened fire, killing them, then stormed the army base nearby. Joined by thousands of townspeople, they marched on the governor's palace and f=killed him by forcing him through a cotton gin, before burning numerous warehouses of cotton and smashing the machinery to process them.
Armed mobs seized army bases, seats of government and post offices across the Governorate del Sur in the time-hounoured schedule of violent revolution. The two revolutionary groups formed a joint council to coordinate their actions. Mustering an irregular army of 100,000, Zapata made international overtures for arms and troops, then marched on Merida, where an American garrison of 4000 had held out against the mobs.
The American Reaction
President Mark Hanna was nervous, but more concerned with winning the 1900 election. Accordingly, rumours of unrest were brushed off and the only reinforcements sent were a battalion of Marines, who landed in Merida on the 12th. Meanwhile, General Theodore Roosevelt, an officer rumoured to have great skill in counterinsurgency work for his skill in crushing the Katipunan in the Philippine Governorate, was appointed Governor del Sur and granted a further 50,000 men to suppress the rebellion.
In Merida, Zapata understood the urgency of maintaining revolutionary momentum. Detaching 25,00 men under Francisco Madero against American troops in Oaxaca, he planned to storm Merida with his surviving men on the 20th. The poorly dug trenches circling the city were no defence against siege mining, and Zapata set about digging three huge mines. On the 21st, a day late, these were blown and 25,000 men attacked at each breach. The American troops were insufficient to defend the perimeter, and fell back, only to be cut to pieces in the streets by Mayan cavalry. The city fell.
With the defeat of American troops in Oaxaca de Juarez, Zapata held most of Southern Mexico. He set about recruiting more troops, securing horses and guns for those he had, and awaiting the American response. On July 4th, Roosevelt made a foray against Acapulco with 10,000 men. He underestimated the mobility of the Mayan cavalry and the hatred afforded his troops by virtually the entire population. As he later reflected "Every withered hedgerow and ragged field of corn suddenly sprouted a half-a-dozen peasants brandishing rifles." His troops lost 4000 men, before coming up against a roadblock manned by 15,000 Zapotecan militia. His troops stormed this, expelling them and killing 2000. However, he was unable to secure supplies, and two supply trains were seized by irregulars on the Acapulco road; running short of gunpowder, Roosevelt pulled back. A detachment of 1000 men was cut off a mere ten miles from the city and overwhelmed.
Open Warfare
President Hanna resolved to quickly crush the rebels before they could threaten his chances of reelection. As the war settled down into a back0-and-forth guerrilla war, 200,000 American troops mustered in Baja California and at Miami, Florida, alongside 300 transports, 27 cruisers and four battleships. These troops descended on Oaxaca and Merida, landing large forces against both cities. Zapata marched desperately for Merida, but the city was stormed by 50,000 Marines on the 12th of December. Zapata moved to defend San Francisco de Campeche, even as Veracruz fell to another American force. His troops dug in along the shoreline quickly, emplacing two howitzers, their only artillery, above. Zapata had 25,000 men.
An American force of 30,000 arrived the next day. First, the USS Maine and a number of cruisers systematically bombarded the shore for three hours, doing considerable damage. As the transports moved in, the howitzers opened fire, only to be quickly silenced. The American troops swarmed up the shore, taking heavy casualties, but much of Zapata's force had fled under the bombardment. His remaining 10,000 fought hard, only to be largely surrounded and overwhelmed. As Zapata rallied his troops, he was shot in the shoulder and seized by Marine troops. As his troops fled, he was dragged back to the Maine and interrogated. He disappeared some time in the next week. Most historians believe he was killed during the interrogation and his body was dumped overboard, while some believe he leapt overboard himself. Whatever the mechanism, his death was the outcome. And with it, it seemed, would come the death of his revolution.
Isthmian Intervention
The Isthmian Empire had viewed the war with increasing interest for the past years. It had always been hostile to American domination of the hemisphere, and viewed the transformation of the constant American "liberation" rhetoric into justification for a new revolution with satisfaction. Protected by a British-trained military of 100,000 and an navy of modern ironclads, it had little to fear from American aggression itself. But the idea of an independent, native Central American-based state was much more amenable to it than that of a triumphant America.
The pretext for intervention came when the United States began using the Panama Canal to transfer ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific. This violated the treaty permitting American control over the Panama Canal Zone, which stipulated its demilitarization. The Isthmian government sent the U.S. a stern letter, then launched an immediate naval attack on the Port of Veracruz, on the basis that actions speak louder than words. The unprepared American ships were caught in port as the Miskitu ironclads attacked. Five cruisers and the sole remaining battleship in the Atlantic were holed and sunk. The Isthmian ships spent the rest of the day systematically scuttling the transports.
Meanwhile, the Isthmian Army deployed 75,000 troops into the central Yucatan, where they linked up with the Mayan and Zapotecan remnants, numbering about 100,000. Simultaneously, 25,000 Isthmian launched a southward assault into Northern Panama. Unprepared American garrison troops were overwhelmed, and by the 5th of January these troops had reached the Panama Canal, which they set about destroying. Two American cruisers trying to return to the Atlantic were blown up after hitting Isthmian mines.
As 175,000 troops attacked north, the overextended American troops were caught largely by surprise. Two divisions were badly mauled near Cancun, and most of the Yucatan Expeditionary Force pulled back into Merida. However, the Miskitu now shifted the axis of their assault westwards, seizing Villahermosa and leaving 100,000 American troops yet again cut off in Merida.
The War Ends
With the vast majority of the American fleet either destroyed or essentially trapped in the Pacific, the remnants of the American military in the Yucatan was unable to escape. Theodore Roosevelt determined to break into the Merida pocket by land. Advancing south with 110,000 men, he met the Mayan/Isthmian force a little north of Villahermosa at Paraiso. The resultant battle raged for a day and a half, with repeated attacks by both sides repelled by overwhelming artillery concentration. Finally, Francisco Madero, having gathered 25,000 Mayan irregular cavalry, descended on the American army's rear, precipitating a rout. The Mayan troops pursued them as far as Veracruz, into which the American force withdrew, while the Isthmians seized Oaxaca.
Following the battle of Paraiso, the American government entered into negotiation with the Mayans and Isthmians, hoping to buy time for its fleet to round Cape Horn and support a new counterattack. But with the rest of Occupied Mexico in ferment and a fresh offensive on the horizon, the American negotiators agreed to a "provisional ceasefire" in which American troops would withdraw from Oaxaca in return for a Mayan withdrawal from Veracruz. This ceasefire was renewed the next year, though, as Mark Hanna, busy facing Congressional challenges, had no wish to return to the war.
With most of Southern Mexico devastated and the legend of Emiliano Zapata in place as a martyr, the stage was set for the formation of the socialist Zapatista Republic in the area. First, though, came the formation of the Provisional Republic of South Mexico. This nation came to an end six months later after the Zapatista Party won the elections, instituting a socialist regime. In practice, this simply consisted of redistributing ex-slaveholder-held land to the peasants.
Isthmia remained in occupation of North Panama, giving it a border on the destroyed Panama Canal. It also resulted in the signing of the Pact of Paraiso, which created an offensive-defensive alliance between Isthmia and the Zapatista Republic. This, in turn, set the stage for the later Great American War and the later ideological struggles which would characterize global politics for next century.


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|25 reviews in total
Reflections Of Evil is without doubt one of the most intellectually
challenging and demanding films I've seen since the golden days of the
underground scene in 1960-70. I can agree with the opinion that it does
down very hard on the viewer, but as demanding as it is it's also
refreshingly relieved from all the Hollywood main stream production
that has been the obvious and only choice for much to long. Personally
quite fed up with all that, and I strongly recommend everyone who feels
same way to take a good look at Damon Packards film.
As difficult as it might seem to be for an average viewer to agree with the narrative style, it's well worth the effort to put up with it. On the other hand, if you are at all familiar with the work of Bunuel, Kenneth Anger, Morrissey, productions from "The Factory" and overall experimental film making as such, you will probably find the use of overdubed sounds and the visual compositions as an effective audiovisual exclamation to the very quintessence of the various ideas.
This aggressive and abusive in-your-face tale of an over consuming, over developed and high speed accelerating culture bursting in it's own gloating can be very hard to accept, and I can understand why the main stream viewer have serious problems with the daring and provoking approach of this film.
But It's not a question whether you like it or not, that's hardly the point. The point is that it truly is a most remarkable piece of work, and probably more related to experimental, over expressive and self dissective art form culture than anything else.
Either way it is indeed impossible to ignore a film like Reflections Of Evil, and if you are at all interested in what's happening on the true alternative scene of independent film making today it definitely is a must see. For all you others, take a refreshing holiday from Hollywood with Damon Packard as your tour guide and host. I personally guarantee you a unique film experience!
Financed by a private trust fund, lasting well over 2 hours, written,
directed, starring, and largely distributed by Damon Packard, Reflections
Evil is one of the more interesting independent features to emerge from
America in the last few years. An unrelenting assault on American
consumerism in general and Hollywood in particular, it also manages to
a go at such targets as the Bush administration, Vietnam vets, police, the
chemtrails controversy, redneck TV viewers and dog lovers. 'Introduced'
tail-ended by a coiffeured Tony Curtis obviously speaking elsewhere (key
passages of which are patently re-edited and overdubbed to apply to the
film), Reflections of Evil is punctuated throughout by other 'found
- notably that which insistently advertise tacky 70's goods or promotes
ABC Movie of the Week.
Packard plays Bob, the overweight hero of his film. His bemused and oppressed character dresses in multiple layers, favours baggy pants, and lugs round a baggy hold-all from which clothes hang down. Headphones and radios drape in a clutter round his neck. He survives by tramping the streets of LA, selling - eventually giving - watches to anyone who will listen to an apologetic sales pitch, although he never succeeds in making any profit from his enterprise. Aptly, given the sweet-coated culture of so much of the film's scorn, Bob is addicted to sugar. Repeatedly punctuated by irrational rage and displays of self loathing, his business patrols also include excessive consumption of cakes and candy - which, in an early moment worthy of John Waters, leads to a spectacular vomiting on the sidewalk. Back home, or at a restaurant, the 400 pound Bob is upbraided by his mother for being so weak-willed and disgusting, and the two constantly bicker. Interspersed with Bob's unsteady progress, is the vision of a woman (who, we later learn, is his dead sister) wandering the streets, then a studio, looking anxious in a pink negligee. The two will finally be reunited at Universal studios.
Some have complained that Reflections of Evil is a disorganised, hard to understand film. In fact it has quite a simple structure, one in which episodes from Bob's perambulations, an extended flashback to his childhood in the 70's, and an hallucinatory drugs dream are neatly headed up by repeated, ironic, announcements of the threatened ABC movie. Inevitably a film of this sort can seem self-indulgent. But Packard has some prime targets to shoot at, and the occasional longeur (the Universal studio park footage and Bob's viewing of the latest Star Wars instalment could both have been profitably trimmed, for example) can be forgiven. He obviously has a weakness for the continental horror of the 1970's. The dreamy scenes featuring Bob's sister look as if they could have slipped out of any Jean Rollin erotic vampire flic, and one of his equally excellent shorter films (also on the DVD) lovingly imitates an extended 70's erotic horror trailer. Reflection of Evil easily incorporates those elements, as well as being a most unlikely candidate for ABC's 'movie of the week' then or now (Packard has sarcastically distributed it with the words 'joy' and 'love' as a selling point).
For an independent, low budget film, it's a relatively sophisticated production with multiple set ups, excellent sound editing and none of those long-held scenes familiar from Warhol's 'Factory' or other underground films. Sound plays an important part in Packard's world, and several reviewers have commented on how deliberately intrusive this element is. He frequently favours SF epics like The Omega Man, Planet of the Apes, ET and Star Wars for source extracts, and their music plays out serenely between the raucous dialogue scenes. (Charlton Heston was one of the bemused recipients of the DVD.) Scenes of confrontation, alienation and of impotent rage are common in Packard's film, but he manipulates these moments so that they have a tragi-comedy of their own, both disturbing and hilarious at the same time. Victim and cultural commentator at the same time, the director's unfocussed howls of impotent outrage are easily associated with by the audience. In this context, post-synching, often the bane of independent productions, is conspicuous. Packard makes a virtue of this handicap, as his supporting characters are frequently dubbed with ludicrous voices and accents, while Bob's own conspicuous consumption of junk food is marked by excessive munching and farting. There are some scenes which stay long in the memory: Bob's public rants while standing next to a succession of Miss Congeniality film posters, for instance, or the long sequence in which a series of owners set their dogs on him in the street. The hilarious scene in the diner when he tries to sneak mouthfuls of food from under his mother's watchful eye; the redneck couple observing an unsteady hero from their window ('He's drunk on those liqueur chocolates again!') or the crazed negros, ranting in the street, one suddenly pulling a knife.
The obese Bob, harmlessly proffering his watches, is a threatened small-time entrepreneur, although his dishevelled state also suggests vagrancy. There's a neat corollary when we learn that in life the director has personally distributed 22,500 DVD copies of his only feature, including some 8,000 on the street by hand, although it can now be had online. (Amusing accounts of reactions garnered, from willing and unwilling recipients of this artistic persistence, can be found at the official website). No doubt those who pick up Packard's unforgettable work, only to be outraged by its scathing attack on complacency, will have been affected exactly in the way the director intended, as his film is a sure kick to the groin of much of Hollywood's - and the media's - self-satisfaction. As if in official confirmation from this, the director has now been given a lifetime ban from Universal Studios (not on the basis of the amusing Spielberg-directing satire that appears in the film, but as a result of him shooting unofficially on their lot!). For those with an open mind, Reflections of Evil is unmissable personal project, and a sure cult in the making.
I think it´s a pure masterpiece of art. Really. I have the deepest respect
for this kind of filmmaking.
It´s not horror. It´s not splatter. It´s satire. The best satire I´ve seen in years.
I wrote this just have seeing it the first time:
"Reflections on reflections - Damon Packard, genius or just insane?
One sunny afternoon a strange spam-mail dropped into my mailbox. I first thought had to do with a project I was working with, but I soon realized that this was something completely different. It was about Damon Packard´s epic movie about a man called Bob and his trip through the streets of LA: Reflections of evil.
Damon wanted to give me a copy for free and I mailed him at once. I needed to see this flick. And after studying the very cryptic official page I was going mad. I MUST SEE THIS MOVIE!
I´ve never been so curious about something like I was this time. When I haven´t received a copy in almost one week and really felt sick. I wasn´t myself. I wanted to hear the mailman drop the package in my mailbox.
My angst disappeared on Friday morning. The mailman had a present for me. A dvd from Damon Packard!
A friend of mine got a copy the day before and said that this was very strange, so I just manage to keep away from the movie for a couple of hours. This was something special, and I didn´t want to see it at once. But what the f**k!
This is the story of a slightly tragic salesman. Or is he really tragic? Roaming the streets of LA, furious and clearly out of his mind. It´s like a roadmovie, but inside the heart of tinseltown. The city of happiness and madness. It´s not only about tinseltown, it´s about the american society, the fury of the people. This is the country that never sleeps and never seems to get some rest. People are furious and sad, confused and obsessed. Some reviewer said it made him think about Apocalypse Now - and I agree. This is the ultimate inner travel I´ve seen in many years.
Slowly the city around Bob is turning very weird. The hate comes out and the paranoia is over us. Helicopters is watching everything, cops are everywhere and people are just insane.
During the time the Bob is attacked by homeless people and dogs we´re turning back in time, till 1971. Bob, his mother and older sister is visiting Universal Studios and taking the tour. After his sister disappears and get´s involved with weird sect that makes her one of them. She dies of an overdose (I think). No she want´s to save Bob from the hell he´s in, from beyond the grave.
Let me say one thing, this is a movie that´s helluva hard to describe. The best way to understand what I mean, is to see it. Go get a copy goddammit.
Packard have shot the movie on 16mm, super8 and Digital8 on a very low budget. But this don´t mean it looks like crap, because it dosen´t. Packard and his cameraman is clearly very talented and the jumping from documentary dogme-style to classic dolly-shots are marvelous and works very well. The light is most of the time very tight and moody. Some people seem to be disturbed by the strange and noise soundtrack. But I don´t. Everything seems to be dubbed afterwards and it makes the feeling of the movie more surreal.
I know, I´m being hypnotized by this flick. I can´t help it. It had something that spoke to me very clearly. Maybe was it the inspiration from J. Kennedy Tools novel Confederacy of Dunce's or the surreal and unconventional storytelling? You´re pulled into Bob's strange mind and all the people he meet. And it´s impossible to stop.
Packard goes from very cheap physical humor to Woody Allen-esqe dialogues, from Jess Franco and Jean Rollin to Herzog and Fassbinder. The inspiration clearly comes from the movies from the sixties and seventies and it works well.
Does Packard want to tell us something with this movie? Maybe I´m very wrong, but I think so. This is a story about a country falling apart. About people who dosen´t trust the system and the constant `big brother' watching over them. The fear of that somewhere there´s a couple of fat men in expensive suites that makes all the decisions of the country's future.
Packard seems to have a love-hate relation to America, Los Angeles and the entertainment industry. Universal Studios become the symbol of the cultural decay of the world and when it almost literary turns into living hell at the end, it becomes clearer. There´s only Damon Packard to make E.T. a terrifying experience. E.T. - the symbol for peace and happiness, cute children and the moral people.
Probably some of you are just calling this movie crap. Some of you will just throw it in the garbage (don´t) and some people, like me, will love it. Adore it.
Give Packard a movie contract and some money, let him do whatever he want. He deserves it.
(and, yes...Damon isn´t insane. He´s a genius)
*** This review may contain spoilers ***
** contains a minor spoiler i guess** Reflections of evil transcends ordinary descriptives like 'bad' or 'good. I can't express the magnitude of this film. It reflects the postmodern condition so perfectly. It contains the entire range of human existence and then some. Hypnotic, epic, hilarious, moving, thought provoking, artistic: everything a great movie should be. The fact that it was shot on low grade stock effectively drives home the eerie 1970's movie of the week feeling which permeates and holds together this masterpiece. I heard the original edit was like 6 hours or something outrageous; I'd watch it any day... I tend to disagree with those who feel this is an all out attack on Hollywood and mass consumption. These elements are in the movie but it's because Packard is a true artist and an artist portrays her/his environment. Reflections Of Evil isn't a commentary it's a reflection of the world through a very personal yet somehow universal mirror. I don't think the filmmaker dislikes Spielberg or Lucas, he's obviously an o- g Star Wars fan. My favorite part is the "on the set of something evil" segment with young Spielberg. This part is probably the funniest s*** ever recorded by a mechanical device, (not because it's making fun of Spielberg, which it isn't really, he's almost an incidental character) but because it's pure chaos and absurdity. Packard's tenacity and spirit give us hope in a time when we need it most.
This movie should be watched!!!! I think that Damon Packard could be called a genius. There is no other film like this one. His camera angles and editing techniques are phenomenal! I really dug the 70's parts. I really can't explain what I think of the Film. I really think someone needs to give Damon Packard 4 million bucks to make an even greater film. MAD PROPS Damon!!!
"Reflections of Evil" is quite a roller coaster ride, particularly when
it reaches the summits of it's twisty, winding course. I for one will
never forget the scene in which a nasty cop harasses the main character
(played by director Damon Packard). As for Packard's willingness to let
dogs actually attack him like he was a side of beef, well if that isn't
suffering for your art then I don't know what is.
Also amusing and kind of subversive is how they ducked shooting permits to film in theme park rides. The actors perform among real patrons who are waiting in line unaware they're now participating in a movie.
This is a raw, dreamy/nightmarish film that's certainly a unique experience to watch. I won't soon forget it.
*** This review may contain spoilers ***
Reflections of Evil- a mesmerizing & disjointed journey that follows a frustrated and mentally disturbed watchseller ply his trade in LA.This movie will not be for everybody- but it hooked me from the beginning- the sound editing is off kilter but perfect for the dementia of the lead character.This film was made on a shoestring- most of the shots were stolen on the streets of LA and @ Universal Studios.At times the movie felt like a 70s horror flick mixed with a 60s acid trip with random bumfights thrown in-bizarre stuff like a Klaus Kinski ride at an amusement park and the ominpresent Miss Congeniality posters in the background of homeless folks struggling to survive. B+
I've heard of going outside the lines. This bizarre film goes outside
the known universe.
The whole thing plays out like a psychotic episode. In washed out cheap film, we witness a sick obese man who wears many layers of clothing like he's homeless, (but he's not) suffering from a life threatening eating disorder making him eat like he's always feeling starved, who wanders around Hollywood, peddles watches, yelling at anybody he sees. He hobbles around like a beached whale, and frequently cracks his skull on the pavement. He's middle aged, but still lives with his nagging mother. Are we to laugh at him? Pity him? Hate him? Who knows?
Whereas an art house director partially assembles a jig saw puzzle for you and gives you the remaining pieces to figure out the meaning, this director just takes the jig saw pieces and throws them all over the place, landing anywhere they might, some lost forever. The "non-structure" structure is taken too far, and becomes a nuisance. It was actually entertaining to see old footage of some vintage 1971 TV programming, and I wonder how he found all this stuff. It jumps on to the screen at spasmodic intervals. The obese guy's late sister pops in occasionally going OD with hippies or dancing around in an angel dress. Vignettes mock Steven Spielberg and Universal Studios. The director makes a caricature of himself as the deranged obese guy. There is some attempt to attack the movie industry, and bash people who just vacantly stare at whatever is on TV; an apathetic couple watches the Movie of the Week (in 1971) while outside their house, the heavy guy (in 2002 ?!?!) yells and pukes.
Nothing fits together. How all this relates to the eating disorder or the hippies and drug overdose victim is anybody's guess. A lot of it looks like a couple of guys with cameras wandered through Hollywood, and filmed anything they saw: helicopters, birds, posters advertising a Sandra Bullock movie, and mentally ill people. Apparently the film was meant to say something about disturbed people and their eccentric behavior, but does it mean-spiritedly and poorly. The value of viewing this is solely for the curious novelty of how odd it is. Nothing more.
Go to any big city and you'll encounter scores of wacked-out individuals wandering around, conversing angrily with no one in particular, watch this film and you may get some inkling of just what the hell is going on in these poor soul's minds. Reflections of Evil is essentially a "day in the life" of one such man as he navigates the gauntlet of his private hell. The manner in which director, producer and main character: Damon Packard achieves this can be best described as "experimental" you have never seen anything quite like this. There is no sense in even attempting to catalogue the many unconventional devices used, satirizing Universal Studios with the depiction of a "Shindler's List ride" is hysterical, and they just go on and on. Reflections of Evil will be hard to swallow for many, but if you appreciate, daring or even reckless film-making that goes where mainstream film doesn't dare and makes no apologies, this film will not disappoint
Amazing movie...it's pretty much indescribable. A combination of
slapstick, horror, comedy, weirdness...even the funny parts are dark as
hell. It's an assault on the senses, a constant, loud, crazy, violent,
hilarious assault. But at the same time, it's some weird commentary on
society, but I'll be danged if I can tell exactly what it is.
I give it 9 out of 10 simply because every scene is three times longer than it needs to be...but at the same time, that gives the movie its hypnotic quality. It's pretty much three types of scenes repeated over and over, and the scenes of Bob wandering through the hostile landscape of LA are masterpieces.
See this movie, but be warned...it's only for those who can take the weirdest of the weird.
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Jamie O. In Love and Other Episodes is a fan-fiction VHS/DVD Release featuring one Dexter's Laboratory episode, one Thomas and Friends episode, one Hey Arnold episode, one Mucha Lucha episode, one Pokemon episode, one Codename: Kids Next Door episode, one SpongeBob SquarePants episode and one What's New, Scooby-Doo? episode.
- Mandarker (Dexter's Laboratory)
- Baa! (Thomas and Friends)
- Jamie O. In Love (Hey Arnold)
- Getting Ahead (Mucha Lucha)
- The Superhero Secret (Pokemon)
- Operation: K.I.S.S. (Codename: Kids Next Door)
- Idiot Box (SpongeBob SquarePants)
- 3-D Struction (What's New, Scooby-Doo?)
- Distributed by USA Home Entertainment.
VHS/DVD Artwork
Front Cover
- Top: Jamie O. (blushed)
- Bottom: Percy at Maithwaite from "Baa!"
Back Cover
- Rikochet from "Getting Ahead"
- Latoya from "The Superhero Secret"


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Kingsburg Newz
Guest Book Entries are free and are posted after being reviewed for appropriate content.
12-24-2011 3:23 AM -- By: roseann, From: Socorro NM
I am so sorry on the loss of your handsome son so young !! God Bless and your family it really made me so sad to read the story of your son..Its hard to loose a son , brother , friend as i have lost 3 brothers and 2 nephews and it never gets better .. Your site was was beautiful and also for his friend Jesse...
12-19-2011 1:08 PM -- By: Randy, From: Bakersfield
Hi Anthony, please go look up my son Jason Ariey in heaven. Jason wan an athlete too but had a terrible back and had to deal with OCD which took away his sports when he was a freshmen. Jason loved God and helped feed the needy at St. Francis Church in Bakersfield for 9 years, every Monday Night. Anthony please pray for all of us down here. I will come back and visit you!You are a very handsome young man. hugs, Randy Ariey
12-14-2011 3:48 AM -- By: Albert, From: New York
Been thinking about you man-passed someone in the gym today who looked so much like you. Flying back to Cali in 3 days-gonna visit you and your fam.
12-14-2011 1:02 AM -- By: Christina Lopez, From:
Its difficult to believe that you have physically left and gone w/ our heavenly father...It's easy to believe that your spiritual presence is strongly felt...The simple thought of you makes my heart feel at ease....When i'm feeling down, I look at you and your smile lifts me up.....Thank you....Tina.
12-11-2011 8:32 AM -- By: Stefanie, From:
What a beautiful tribute to two young men gone too soon...they will be close in your heart always...
12-09-2011 4:19 PM -- By: Greg Smith, From: El Cajon, CA
I was wandering through VM tonight, visiting the kids and came to Anthony and have stayed and gotten to know him a bit. What a good looking young man - love his pics in his football uniform. At Erik's services, Father Jerry said: "that the biggest mistake we make when reflecting on a young life cut short in its "Spring-bud", is to speak of that young life as if everything of importance still "lay ahead," in a future that will never now be realized! But, to do that is to make a tragic error! Because THEY LIVED A LIFE! And, even though it was short .. they achieved a great deal and crammed a lot of living in those years." I try to think of it that way but it doesn't fill my void or ease the hurt. I'm so sorry for your loss and wanted you to know someone stopped and is thinking of Anthony tonight. Greg -- erik's da
12-09-2011 2:31 AM -- By: Jessica Rodriguez, From: Selma Ca
I am not ready to say good bye mijo. I love you and we will meet again and when we do it will be forever. Anthony losing you was so painful. that call I got that night stays in my head all the time. I will writ e you soon again this is not a good bye by I will see you and talk to you soon. with tears in my eyes a pain in my soul love you forever ANTHONY LOVE NINA JESSICA
12-06-2011 11:46 PM -- By: Melody , From: Selma
anthony was a great kid and we will NEVER forget him because he his always going to be in our hearts r.i.p. champ we ALL miss u
12-06-2011 2:12 AM -- By: Anthony Cisneros, From: Selma
I love you champ!! You're always in my heart<3
12-02-2011 5:23 PM -- By: Cynthia Torres, From: Sanger
Not a day goes by where i don't get reminded of you... Christopher asks about you all the time... WE MISS YOU ANTHONY...
You had such a huge heart. and smile that went ear to ear :) a personailty that lightened up the room. you always knew what to say or do to make a person cheer up.
Forever in my heart. Memories shall always be cherished... I <3 you kidd
Rest In Paradise <33
Our Guardian Angel
12-02-2011 9:29 AM -- By: sandy abeys, From: sri lanka
so sorry for your loss may god bless you and your family
12-01-2011 9:14 PM -- By: Matthew Rodriguez, From: Selma, Ca
Reguardless of how much i spoke to u i still miss the fact that u usually said the funniest things to make everyone laugh in Mrs. Williams 2nd period. Miss u always
-Matthew Rodriguez
12-01-2011 3:46 PM -- By: Baikunth Goswami, From: Fresno
My prayers and thoughts are with you guys. May God provide them RIP.
11-28-2011 1:28 PM -- By: Terry , From: Cincinnati, Ohio
I'm sorry for your lost ! but God need Anthony more.
11-28-2011 6:49 AM -- By: dragan-jovic's dad, From: last-memories.com
May the memories of Anthony and his smile comfort you and your family always.POČIVAO U MIRU !
11-28-2011 2:25 AM -- By: alex mommy mindy, From: Kerman Ca
just caming by to tell you that I am thinking of you and your family during these times.. I sure hope that you can help them feel your presences and that you can make the holidays a little easier even though knowing the easiest would be having you here and not having to live with what has happened,, you are a handsome angel and there is no doubt that you are still the champ. hugs to you and your family
11-27-2011 4:18 PM -- By: Mariah Trevino, From: Selma
I can't wrap my mind around the fact that you've passed. But, this is my way of coping. Same as when my grandma passed and same for Paul Duarte. Sure, my grandma is my family and Paul was like a dad to me. But you were just as or even more special to me.
You were, in a huge part, the reason I had the best senior year. We made countless memories and had so much fun together. The interact trip started it off, track season, Aziz and Sierra were part of our insane escapades, and prom. I have one regret and we both know what that is. Nonethless, I'm glad I got to spend an immense amount of time with you. Having you in my life was like having air in my lungs. It helps you live and made life worth living. That's how i feel about you. I do, however, lose a little air when I go to the cite, visit you at the cemetery or when this web page loaded. I get the shakes and my heart starts to pound. Then, of course, come the water works. Haha!
I really hope you're happy wherever you are. If i've learned anything about you, it's that happiness suits you. You deserved it most because that's how you always were and made people feel. Happy. I pray about you constantly Anthony and my thoughts about you will never cease to exist. There are two things I hold dearest to me. One, the "I love you" text we exchanged the last time we talked. Two, "Champ". The build-a-bear you gave me without whom, I wouldn't be able to hear your voice whenever i get the courage to squeeze his heart. Or on those days where the pain is just too strong and i have to hold him and squeeze him with all my might . Although, a stuffed inanimate object will never come close to the warmth of your skin. The love in every single embrace. Or that million dollar smile you had. ...I miss you Anthony. Always & Forever.
11-27-2011 3:41 AM -- By: Darlene, From: Selma
Love and miss you kid,,, and to the family you know we love you all so very much,, call on us anytime you should need us.
11-26-2011 6:41 PM -- By: Gisell Morales, From: Selma CA.
R.I.P Anthony We will all miss you! <3
11-26-2011 4:56 PM -- By: Joey Lopez, From: Selma
We dedicated this football season for our "CHAMP" ... Bro next season will be better I promise WE LOVE YOU. You will always be with us.
11-25-2011 10:19 PM -- By: Raul Estrada, From: Kingsburg
11-25-2011 5:04 PM -- By: julia, From: Riverdale
I dont know him at all but I hear such great possitive memories about him everytime i see what others post about him & his friend i start crying its very sad but God wanted his angels back home, i pray & pray that his family feels confert from Christ in Heaven
11-25-2011 3:23 PM -- By: Christina Lopez, From:
I've known Anthony since the day he entered this world. That was an exciting day! ....Throughout the years, it was always a joy to get to see him and to see how fast he was growing ...He never hesitated to give you that great big smile and hug you "hello" ....Sadly to say , the last hug we shared was on his graduation party... I was very proud of him and of my friends, Alfonso and Melissa... One regret i had ,for several weeks after his passing , was that I didn't distract him w/ a wave or a "hey, Anthony!" as he walked passed me at the gym. I was on the treadmill and he didn't notice me as he walked by in front of me because he was talking and laughing w/ a friend. He was wearing a bright orange shirt w/ the sleeves cut off. Big holes on each side of his shirt to show off his muscular body :).. I'll never forget that day and in my prayers i apologized to Anthony for not saying Hello.. Days later, he appeared in my dreams (as a young child w/ a bright orange T- shirt !! ) and gave ME the opportunity to say HI .... That was awesome of him to take that regretful feeling away from my heart.....THANK YOU ANTHONY!! .. ( HUG) .... Tina
11-25-2011 2:10 PM -- By: BRANDY STONE, From: FRESNO
11-25-2011 1:54 PM -- By: Selena Gamez, From: Fowler
11-25-2011 10:28 AM -- By: alicia Morales, From: Georgia
May Anthony rest in peace, also may the Lord give you the power to be strong GOD bless the Caro Family
11-25-2011 4:57 AM -- By: Rosie Perez-Rojas, From: Selma
11-25-2011 3:54 AM -- By: Jesus Quinonez, From:
Hey Anthony...
Ive never got the chance to get to know you but i do wanna say that you impacted many peoples lives. Your parents must be very proud. although your not with us anymore, im 100 % sure that no one will ever forget about you. R.I.P Anthony.
11-25-2011 3:46 AM -- By: Biianca Robles, From: Parlier/Fresno
Hey Champ/Biq Brother Todays 4 Months Since Yu & Jesse Been Gone iWish This Was All Ah Dream & iCould Wake Uhp & Call Yu & Tell Yu Brother iHad The Craziest Dream Ever But Sadly iCant & iHave To Except Tht Its Reality; I Love You Brother Yur Forever In My Heart Gone But Never Forqotten iShould Be Gettinq Ah Tattoo Just For Yu & Jesse Anytime Son (: I Love You Biq Brother & Most Of All iMiss Seen Tht Beautiful Smile Of Yours & Hearinq Yur Voice Say " Cheer Uhp Kid Dnt Let Anythinq Brinq You Dwn" When Im Sad /: Imy Champ.
11-24-2011 3:05 AM -- By: Yvonne, From: Oklahoma
Dearest Caro Family: I am so sorry about Anthony....please accept my most sincere condolences... I know the pain all of you must feel right now..I will be praying for all of you.Please read Rev. 21:4, it reads "And he will wipe out every tear from their eyes, and death will be no more, neither will mourning nor outcry nor pain be anymore.The former things have passed away. I hope it helps and provides some solace to all of you, that Anthony is only sleeping, and that he will be back in the Resurrection, in a Paradise Earth. Love, Yvonne


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Darrell Porter <dpor...@wiseconnect.com>
|RE: Tomcat uptime...
|Fri, 19 Oct 2001 16:55:04 GMT
I have 8 Tomcat 3.2.3 servers running on Win2K and reboot them approximately every 60 days due to scheduled maintenance (blowing the dust out, etc). I would suggest you examine the logs and find out why the 500 errors are being generated - often caused by database disconnects, poor coding practices, unstable underlying OS issues (one of my dev machines had to be rebuilt because Win2k became corrupt and was generating all sorts of 500 errors). Before you rebuild the box, build a new box and run your code there to see if you're experiencing the same issues. Darrell -----Original Message----- From: Chris Gross [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] Sent: Friday, October 19, 2001 9:37 AM To: tomcatlist Subject: Tomcat uptime... How long do you guys go without restarting tomcat? I have a developer here telling me that tomcat should be restarted every day or so. We have been getting error code 500s and he is saying that is because we need to restart tomcat?? We are running 3.2.3. -chris
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MBS Fund, L.P.
Providence Investment Management, LLC is an investment advisor founded in 2003 by Russell Jeffrey, which specializes in the residential mortgage-backed securities market. The PIM Funds - which include the Providence MBS Offshore Fund, Ltd., the Providence MBS Fund, LP and the Providence Yield Fund, LP - employ a relative value investment approach. The Funds invest primarily in MBS and structured MBS that are issued by either of the U.S. Government-Sponsored Entities (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) or Ginnie Mae.
PIM's investment process is built around diligent fundamental and technical analysis with the goal of determining which sectors of the MBS market are most attractively valued and offer superior risk-return profiles. In addition to utilizing sophisticated analytical tools including proprietary models to assess value and risk, the portfolio management team has the distinct advantage of its extensive experience navigating all types of interest rate and economic cycles. While we believe that MBS models are extremely useful tools, our ability to draw on the in-depth knowledge, perspective, and humility that two decades in the mortgage market brings is an equally critical component of the investment process. The extreme dislocations and volatility characteristic of today's mortgage market means that historical relationships are not necessarily relevant. As a result, reliance on backward-looking prepayment and valuation models has proven to be dangerous, while skillful management and rigorous underwriting has become even more important. Another distinguishing characteristic of PIM is our ability to understand the varied and oftentimes intricate structures of MBS. Detailed structural analysis allows us to identify opportunities and invest in mortgage securities that will perform well based on our current macro view of the market. At PIM, we believe in the prudent use of leverage. We strive to create a portfolio which generates attractive returns to investors without being dependent on excessive leverage. AUM reflects the aggregate of the various share classes and is denominated in USD.


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Robert A. Dudas, MD and Susan L. Bannister, MD
Pediatrics. 2014 Nov;134(5):852-4
Although it is understood that great clinical teachers are knowledgeable about their subject matter, expertise in a given field does not always translate to excellence in teaching. This article resumes the series by the Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics (COMSEP) examining the skills and strategies of great clinical teachers.1 Great clinical teachers recognize that "how" they teach is just as important as "what" they teach. This "how" consists of 2 parts: a positive learning environment2 and an enthusiastic, motivating, and respectful teacher.3,4 In an upcoming article, we will outline the benefits and structure of such a learning environment. But first, drawing from the medical education, business, leadership, and sports literature, we will consider "how" great clinical teachers get the best out of their students. They motivate them, they are enthusiastic, they are both leaders and coaches, they remain students themselves, and they have strategies for when things go wrong.


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I'm backk!!!!
Devious Journal Entry by shireiWatch
©2012-2017 shirei
welcome!! ;DDDD
I love your art <3
Woooooooo! Yeah! I missed you!
Yay WB
Welcome back! Been missing you for years! Hope this visit lasts a while. Wish I could commission you like I did during my DoMO days, but the money...she is illusive!
trolololol xD Welcome back *pushes spider webs away*
Welcome back! 8D


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A fic challenge!
Expand Messages
- Okay, the list has been a tad on the quiet side for the past couple
months, so I thought I'd throw out a challenge and see if it stirs
anyone to a story. :-)
Both Hank McCoy (Beast) and Warren Worthington (Angel) were members
of the original five X-Men (along with Jean, Scott, and a Bobby who
was their contemporary). BOTH Hank and Warren did appear in X2 --
Hank for a few seconds on the television in the bar when "Grace"
(Mystique) met with the prison guard, and Warren by implication ...
we saw an X-ray of his wing at Alkali. Both Hank and Warren also had
larger roles (that is, Warren actually HAD a role) in original
scripts of X2, but they were cut in the final filming. Thus, the
existence of both is now movieverse canon ... but how they fit INTO
that universe hasn't been specified.
My challenge is this ... write a story that brings one or the other
(or both) to the mansion. They can be former students returning,
staff on leave (perhaps in Hank's case), or previously unknown
mutants. Doesn't matter. Just bring them fully into the movieverse
Yes, it's been done already several times by various writers, but it
still makes a good challenge, especially post-X2. <g>
For those who're wholly unfamiliar with the comic (or X-Men:
Evolution) and have no idea who Beast and Angel ARE, a couple sites
to go for info:
Marvel's Official Comics Bios:
Beast: http://www.marvel.com/bios/bios.htm?id=51&family=X-MEN
Note that Beast has undergone TWO additional mutations. He was not,
originally, blue, and his first mutation was simian. The cat version
is very new. Hank in X2 looked like his original (non-blue) self.
Likewise, Angel's history is complex and he was Angel (with white
skin and wings), then Archangel (blue! skin and metal wings), and is
not back to white wings and white skin. One can assume that in X2,
he'd be just "Angel." Oh, and the original X 'love triangle' was
Scott/Jean/WARREN, not Scott/Jean/Logan.
A lovely Beast Website: "Stars and Garters"
And a bio page on Angel:
Have fun! :-)
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Supreme Court Gets Down to Business
So far, we have only scratched the surface (here and here) of what's in store for the Supreme Court term that begins today.
The 2011-12 term promises to cover some huge issues (not even counting health-care), including possibly police surveillance, immigration, affirmative action and more.
Here are the cases that the pundits are talking about . . .