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|This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (April 2009)
Eugene Dominic Genovese (born May 19, 1930) is an American historian of the American South and American slavery. He has been noted for bringing a Marxist perspective to the study of power, class and relations between planters and slaves in the South. His work Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made won the Bancroft Prize.
Early life and education
Genovese was born in Brooklyn. Raised in a working-class ethnic Italian family in Brooklyn, he was active in the Communist youth movement until he was expelled "for having zigged when I was supposed to zag."[1] He earned his Bachelor of Arts from Brooklyn College in 1953 and his Master of Arts in 1955 and a Ph.D in history in 1959, both from Columbia University.
Genovese first taught at the Polytechnic Institute in Brooklyn from 1958 to 1963. During the early years of the Vietnam War, when there were a growing range of opinions about the war and the Civil Rights Movement, he was a controversial figure as a history professor at Rutgers University (1963-1967), and at the University of Rochester (1969-1986), where he was elected chairman of the Department of History. From 1986, Genovese taught part-time at the College of William and Mary, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Georgia, Emory University and Georgia State University.
He was an editor of Studies on the Left and Marxist Perspectives. He was famous for his disputes with colleagues left, right and center.[2] Defeating Oscar Handlin in 1978, he became the first Marxist president of the Organization of American Historians.
In 1998, after moving to the right in his thinking, Genovese founded The Historical Society, with the goal of bringing together historians united by a traditional methodology.
Controversy during Vietnam war
At an April 23, 1965 teach-in at Rutgers University where he was teaching, Genovese stated, "Those of you who know me know that I am a Marxist and a Socialist. Therefore, unlike most of my distinguished colleagues here this morning, I do not fear or regret the impending Viet Cong victory in Vietnam. I welcome it." This comment was widely reported and generated a backlash of criticism. Politicians questioned Genovese's judgment and sensitivity to the responsibility inherent in being a Rutgers professor. No state laws or university regulations had been broken, and Genovese was supported by fellow faculty members on grounds of academic freedom. He was not dismissed from his teaching position.[3]
Wayne Dumont, a gubernatorial candidate challenging Governor Richard J. Hughes, used Genovese's statement as a campaign issue. Rutgers President Mason Gross refused to re-examine the university's position, and Dumont lost to Governor Hughes. President Gross's defense of academic freedom was honored by the American Association of University Professors, who presented him and Rutgers with its Alexander Meiklejohn Award in 1966. Genovese moved to Canada and taught at Sir George Williams University in Montreal (1967-1969).
Slavery studies
Genovese, in 1968, provided a critical historiography of the major studies of slavery in the Americas from a hemispheric perspective. He considered the demand by Marxist anthropologist Marvin Harris in The Nature of Cultural Things (1964) for a materialist alternative to the idealistic framework of Frank Tannenbaum, Stanley Elkins, Gilberto Freyre, and others. Tannenbaum had first introduced the hemispheric perspective by showing that the current status of blacks in various societies of the Western Hemisphere had roots in the attitude toward the black as a slave, which reflected the total religious, legal, and moral history of the enslaving whites. However, Tannenbaum ignored the material foundations of slave society, most particularly class relations. Later students have qualified his perspectives but have worked within the framework of an "idealistic" interpretation. Harris, on the other hand, insisted that material conditions determined social relations and necessarily prevailed over counter-tendencies in the historical tradition. Harris' work revealed him to be an economic determinist and, as such, ahistorical. By attempting to construct a materialism that bypassed ideological and psychological elements in the formation of social classes, he passed into a "variant of vulgar Marxism" and offered only soulless mechanism.
In the 1960s, Genovese in his Marxist stage depicted the masters of the slaves as part of a "seigneurial" society that was anti-modern, pre-bourgeois and pre-capitalist. In 1970, Stampp reviewing Genovese's The World the Slaveholders Made (1969) found fault with the quantity and quality of the evidence used to support the book's arguments. He also took issue with the attempt to apply a Marxian interpretation to the Southern slave system.
In his best-known book Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (1974), Genovese examined the society of the slaves. This book won the national Bancroft Prize in History. Genovese viewed the antebellum South as a closed and organically united paternalist society that exploited and attempted to dehumanize the slaves. Genovese paid close attention to the role of religion as a form of resistance in the daily life of the slaves because slaves used it to give themselves a sense of humanity. He redefined resistance to slavery as all efforts by which slaves rejected their status as slaves, including their religion, music and the culture they built. Genovese applied Antonio Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony to the slave South.
He placed paternalism at the center of the master-slave relationship. Both masters and slaves embraced paternalism, though for different reasons and with varying notions of what paternalism meant. For the slaveowners, paternalism allowed them to think of themselves as benevolent and to justify their appropriation of their slaves' labor. Paternalist ideology, they believed, also gave the institution of slavery a more benign face and helped deflate the increasingly strong abolitionist critique of the institution. Slaves, on the other hand, recognized that paternalist ideology could be twisted to suit their own ends, by providing them with improved living and working conditions. Slaves struggled mightily to convert the benevolent "gifts" or "privileges" bestowed upon them by their masters into customary rights which masters would not violate. The reciprocity of paternalism could work to the slaves' advantage by allowing them to demand more humane treatment from their masters.
Religion was an important theme in Roll, Jordan, Roll and other studies. Genovese noted that Evangelicals recognized slavery as the root of Southern ills and sought some reforms, but no substantial change of the system. Genovese's contention was that after 1830, southern Christianity became part of social control of the slaves. Furthermore, he argued that the slaves' religion was not conducive to millenarianism or a revolutionary political tradition. Rather, it helped them survive and resist.
King (1979) argued that Genovese incorporated the theoretical concepts of certain 20th-century revisionist Marxists, especially the ideas of Antonio Gramsci and his construct of hegemony. Genovese's analysis of slavery, the blacks, and the American South elicited criticisms of various portions of his work, but historians agreed on the importance of his contributions. Areas of criticism included Genovese's placing of the master-slave relationship at the center of his interpretation of the American South, his views on southern white guilt over slavery, his employment of Gramsci's construct of hegemony, and his interpretations of southern white class interests, slave religion, the strength of the slave family, the existence of slave culture, and theory of the generation of black nationalism in the antebellum years.
In his 1979 book From Rebellion to Revolution, Genovese depicted a change in slave rebellions, from attempts to win freedom to an effort to overthrow slavery as a social system. In the 1983 book he co-wrote with his wife, The Fruits of Merchant Capital, Genovese underscored what he regarded as tensions between bourgeois property and slavery. In the view of the Genoveses, slavery was a "hybrid system" that was both pre-capitalist and capitalist.
Shift to the right
Starting in the 1990s, Genovese turned his attention to the history of conservatism in the South, a tradition which Genovese came to celebrate and adopt. In his study, The Southern Tradition: the Achievements and Limitations of an American Conservatism, he examined the Southern Agrarians. In the 1930s, these critics and poets collectively wrote I'll Take My Stand, their critique of Enlightenment humanism.
Genovese concluded that by recognizing human sinfulness and limitation, the critics more accurately described human nature than did other thinkers. The Southern Agrarians, he noted, also posed a challenge to modern American conservatives, with their mistaken belief in market capitalism's compatibility with traditional social values and family structures. Genovese agreed with the Agrarians in concluding that capitalism destroyed those institutions.
In his personal views, Genovese has moved to the right. Where he once denounced liberalism from a radical left perspective, he now does so as a traditionalist conservative. His change in thinking included converting to Roman Catholicism in December 1996. His wife Elizabeth Fox-Genovese had also shifted her thinking and had already converted.
Marriage and family
In 1969, Genovese married the historian Elizabeth Fox.
- The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and the Society of the Slave South, 1965.
- "Materialism and Idealism in the History of Black Slavery in the Americas", Journal of Social History, 1968 1(4): 371-394. ISSN 0022-4529
- In Red and Black: Marxian Explorations in Southern and Afro-American History, 1968.
- The World the Slaveholders Made: Two Essays in Interpretation, 1969.
- Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made, 1974. Winner of the Bancroft Prize in History.
- with Elizabeth Fox Genovese, "The Political Crisis of Social History: A Marxian Perspective", Journal of Social History, 10 (1976), pp. 205–20.
- From Rebellion to Revolution: Afro-American Slave Revolts in the Making of the Modern World, 1979.
- co-written with Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Fruits of Merchant Capital: Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and Expansion of Capitalism, 1983.
- The Slaveholders' Dilemma: Freedom and Progress in Southern Conservative Thought, 1820-1860, 1992.
- The Southern Tradition: The Achievement and Limitations of an American Conservatism, 1994.
- The Southern Front: History and Politics in the Cultural War, 1995.
- co-written with Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, The Mind of the Master Class : History and Faith in the Southern Slaveholders' Worldview, 2005
- ↑ Peter Novick, That Noble Dream: The 'Objectivity Question' and the American Historical Profession (1988), p. 412
- ↑ Peter Novick, That Noble Dream: The 'Objectivity Question' and the American Historical Profession (1988) p 412
- ↑ [1] Ansart, Dorothy and Judith Grier, "Inventory to the Records of the Office of Public Information on the Vietnam War Teach-Ins, 1965-1966"], Rutgers University, accessed visited Nov. 24, 2005
co-written with Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Slavery in White and Black: Class and Race in the Southern Slaveholders' New World Order, 2008
- Boles, John & Nolen, Elelyn Thomas (editors) Interpreting Southern History: Historiographical Essays in Honour of Sanford W. Higginbotham, Louisiana State University Press, 1987.
- Davis, David Brion "Southern Comfort" New York Review of Books, October 5, 1995. pages 43–46
- Davis, David Brion. In the Image of God: Religion, Moral Values, and Our Heritage of Slavery (2001) 110-120.
- King, Richard H. "Marxism and the Slave South: a Review Essay." American Quarterly 1977 29(1): 117-131. ISSN 0003-0678 Fulltext in Jstor
- Kolchin, Peter. "Eugene D. Genovese: Historian of Slavery." Radical History Review (2004) no. 88, 52-67.
- Linden, Adrianus Arnoldus Maria van der. A Revolt Against Liberalism: American Radical Historians, 1959-1976 (1994) pp 167–220.
- Livingston, James. "'Marxism' and the Politics of History: Reflections on the Work of Eugene D. Genovese." Radical History Review (2004), no. 88 pp 133–53.
- Meier, August & Elliott, Rudwirck Black History and the Historical Profession, 1915-1980, University of Illinois Press, 1986.
- Parish, Peter Slavery: History and Historians, New York: Harper, 1989.
- Radosh, Ronald. "An Interview with Eugene Genovese: the Rise of a Marxist Historian." Change 1978 10(10): 31-35. ISSN 0009-1383 Abstract: Genovese, the first Marxist to be elected President of the Organization of American Historians, discusses Marxism's changing status on American campuses, and traces his career from his membership in the Communist youth movement to his becoming History Department Chairman at the University of Rochester.
- Roper, John Herbert "Marxing through Georgia: Eugene Genovese and Radical Historiography for the Region" pages 77–92 from the Georgia Historical Quarterly, Volume 80, 1996.
- Shalhope, Robert E. "Eugene Genovese, the Missouri Elite and Civil War Historiography" pages 271-282 from Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society, Volume 26, July 1970.
- Shapiro, Herbert. "Eugene Genovese, Marxism, and the Study of Slavery." Journal of Ethnic Studies (1982_ 9(4): 87-100. ISSN 0091-3219. Abstract: The work of Eugene Genovese is widely perceived within and beyond the historical profession as a product of creative Marxist scholarship, especially now that his Roll, Jordan, Roll has become for many reviewers "a definitive benchmark in the historiography of slavery." A close analysis of works such as The Political Economy of Slavery shows his greatest lacunae: the minimizing of the significance of black struggle and the magnifying of whatever elements of passivity can be found among blacks insofar as they actively participated in the Civil War. Accommodation and the plantation as community are overdone themes.
- Stampp, Kenneth M. "Interpreting the Slaveholders' World: a Review." Agricultural History 1970 44(4): 407-412. ISSN 0002-1482
- Steirer, William F. "Eugene D. Genovese: Marxist-Romantic Historian of the South" pages 840-850 from the Southern Review, Volume 10, 1974.

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Artichoke and Prosciutto Panini
Slideshow: More Tasty Sandwiches
- Servings: 4
- 4 ciabatta rolls or 6-inch-long baguette rolls, halved lengthwise
- 1/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil
- Salt and freshly ground pepper
- 1/2 pound sliced prosciutto
- One 8-ounce jar artichoke hearts, drained and flattened slightly
- 8 arugula leaves
How to make this recipe
Brush the cut sides of the ciabatta with the olive oil and season with salt and pepper. Layer the prosciutto, artichoke hearts and arugula on the ciabatta and close the panini.
Set a large cast-iron skillet or griddle over moderately high heat. Arrange the panini in the skillet and weight them down with a smaller pan. Cook the panini until the outside is crisp and the filling is heated through, 3 minutes per side. Cut the panini in half and serve at once.
Contributed By Giuseppe Forte Photo © Evan Sklar Published October 2000


text: Just 150 years ago, houses in the UK didn't have taps or toilets, sewage ran through the streets and deadly diseases were rife, as this cartoon from the magazine Punch illustrates: Photo: Punch magazine During the 'Great Stink' of 1858 the overwhelming smell of untreated sewage filling the River Thames got so bad, it forced MPs to leave the Houses of Parliament – prompting the creation of a House of Commons Select Committee to solve the problem. Seven years later a new sewer system, designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette, was introduced in London. It eliminated water-related diseases like cholera which had begun to plague the city, and in the decades that followed, similar changes across the UK led to improved public health, a dramatic drop in child mortality rates and increased life expectancy. A change we can replicate today Right now, millions of people around the world are still living without clean water and safe toilets. But as UK history shows, it doesn't have to be this way. Debendra stands in front of the toilet at his school in Siraha, Nepal. "We can't use the toilet and there is no water," he says. "Finding a safe place to relieve ourselves takes time. We miss our classes and it disturbs our study." Photo: WaterAid/Mani Karmacharya We believe everyone, everywhere can and should have access to clean water and toilets by 2030. That's why, with your help, we want to gather as much information about how and when the UK got access to these essentials, and collect local stories and photos to show just how much our lives changed as a result. We'll incorporate your research into a report on the history of water and sanitation in the UK, which we'll deliver to MPs in the summer of 2015 – to show them the life-changing difference access to taps and toilets can make, and that reaching everyone, everywhere by 2030 is possible with the right political will. Share your stories of taps and toilets at a Big History tea party >


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Kingdom, filmed late in 2000, is getting a one-week run to qualify Harris for Oscar consideration, and the man's acting remains formidable, though the movie itself isn't.
My Kingdom ( out of four) Stars: Richard Harris, Lynn Redgrave Director: Don Boyd Distributor: First Look Unrated, but very violent Opens Friday in Los Angeles
Even if Shakespeare's Lear didn't get official recognition in the credits, the link is obvious. Mob king Harris has three daughters: brothel owner (Louise Lombard), trashy underworld wife (Lorraine Pilkington) and reformed wild-woman-turned-straight-arrow (Emma Catherwood). When mom (Lynn Redgrave) is murdered in a street holdup, he doesn't exactly have a boodle of classy progeny to lean on for help.
A power struggle ensues between the daughters as Dad gets put out to pasture, and the portrayal is more sentimental (he shares several bonding scenes with his grandson) than the old guy's brutal past probably justifies.
Whereas last year's exemplary Sexy Beast seemed to revitalize the British gangster movie, this equally brutal outing merely sustains it — though with occasional twists that do linger in the memory. During the memorial service for Redgrave (whose character's name is Mandy), the trashiest daughter embarrasses the gathered mourners by boozily warbling Barry Manilow's Mandy. Juxtaposed through back-and-forth editing is something you don't see in many Manilow concerts: Someone who might have information about the killing is getting his ear sliced off.


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Few days ago, we covered the launch date of Yu Yuphoria which was set to launch today on 12th May. Micromax's subsidiary brand Yu Televentures after releasing teasers finally launched the smartphone today. The hidden part was pricing of this Yu smartphone and many tech enthusiasts were anticipating some price points. But Yu Yuphoria took everyone with surprise.
Like its predecessor Yu Yureka, this Yu Yuphoria will [...]
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I'll share something i seen today on my 2 mile loop jalk..i was on the last leg going south and an airplane was chemtrailing north to south, west of me and as i was watching it ,it suddenly turned into the western direction and the chemtrail began curving.... then where the plane turned, another object that was round, lit up in the sky,it was about 6:30 pm...the plane moved to avoid hitting whatever it was...it looked about as big as the planes wings were wide...and it would fade in and out(there were no clouds) as i continued to get back around to my truck watching it for a few minutes as i made my way..then it didn't show in the sky again before i left about 5 minutes later...it may have been a weather balloon reflecting in the sky that the plane swerved to miss as I'm not saying it was one of these>
T Ceti H.C. Radnarg
Well I must say I too have never seen one of those either but it sure did make a great prop for my screenplay... My inspiration perked and of course there was all the maybe confusing posts I added to your thread. Thank you again for all your patience. Creativity tends to come by inspiration so I just never know where it ends up. I guess at least it might make an entertaining read for your original thread. As you mentioned we are always growing so I just sort of went with the flow. I'm just an Artist and enjoy writing and creating. Screenplays are my thing these days...Hopefully people don't take me too serioulsy, I'm just a rather passionate person you see. I'm not sure what you claim to have seen but it certainly makes it all the more interesting. The rest I guess is as its stated a Production. Who can say, a Theory maybe.
as i said it could have been a weather balloon but last fall i was helping one of my son in laws with a metal roof,my first,lol and before we got there,the home owner;'s sister whom i had been living with was with us and we stopped for gas in eton ga,3 miles north of chatsworth aka paperclipville usa,lol and i looked to see a plane chemtrailing and i looked at her and said wait till you see the surprise 60 miles north when we get there..well the skys were clear in sweetwater tenn and we started on her brothers roof with the metal...a short time later,planes begin to show and literally drew a spiderweb over our heads and then a plane flew lower spewing the trails right dead over the house and as it neared the western horizon 2 bright objects lit up behind that plane and my grandson and daughter who had gone also seen them...i also reminded my ex, of what i had said earlier and pointed to the skys,for the fist time since i knew her she was speechless,lol..she always made fun of me and would say well if you know things ,give me the lotto numbers and i would have to tell her it didn't work like that...but it might one day,lol...anyhoo the 2 objects didn't show up until the plane was going farther away and i was on the ground at that time and told my grandson to look ,he did and asks ,grand pa what were those following that plane...i just told him they were other planes,lol..although that wasn't no dam balloon or plane i seen when i was in Jr. high,lol..a saucer with lights in the middle going around it, hovering over the electrical tower and 1/3 the height of the 200 feet tower on the south end of fort mountain for 15 minutes before it tilted and rose into a cloud was no balloon or airplane,even from 3 miles away...
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Grab a hunk of Garlic, if you want to stay safe from the evil demons.
Okay just joking, as this is a blog type site, with some interesting art work available. Also, from reading some of the posts, this is also a guy into '˜furies' which is where people get dressed up in fur like creatures, for their uh, fun play.
There is a graphic section, that frankly is rather interesting. I am no fan of the occult, but the work is rather well done, very realistic, and does make you look.
Hey, isn't that what it's all about?
I'd still grab the garlic though.. you never know'


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Today's pic comes from Pop reader Tiffanie H. in Des Moines. She was excited to discover a "robin's nest in a hanging flower basket on the first day of summer!"
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Whitney has been writing about pop culture for USA TODAY since 1999, when Pop Candy began as a weekly column. Her interests include music festivals, mustaches, Lost, comic books and Andy Warhol. She lives in New York City. More about Whitney | E-mail Whitney


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So the little issue Suge Knight and Kanye West case from 2005 (where Suge got shot in the leg at a Miami VMA after party) has taken a turn back to relevance as Suge is set to come back to Miami for the deposition of the case. Read below as New Times gets the scoop on the details.
Back in January 2009, bankrupt hip-hop chieftain Marion "Suge" Knight filed a lawsuit against Kanye West, claiming the rapper should be financially responsible for an unsolved 2005 shooting at a South Beach Shore Club party West hosted that left Knight capped in the leg.
Among Suge's alleged damages: medical bills, expenses including "the cost of a private plane to transport him from Florida back to Los Angeles", and a diamond earring, worth $135,000 Suge claims, which was stolen from him in the melee. Shore Club's owners were also named as defendants in the suit.
Presumably because we don't have enough ridiculous litigation in South Florida, home of crying judges and Elian Gonzalez lawsuits, the case has been transferred to Miami federal court.
This month, the festivities kick off when Suge comes to town for deposition. "People shouldn't underestimate Suge Knight," his boisterous lawyer Marc Brumer tells Riptide, adopting the tone of a boxing promoter before a title fight. "He's a very adept businessman. He's a mess, but he's sharp. Nobody likes Kanye West anymore. Even though he's still selling millions of records, everybody's sick of him."
Unfortunately for Suge, court cases aren't decided by American Idol- style mass-text votes, then, because the cigar-chomping, Blood-affiliated former NFL linebacker, who has been implicated in every conspiracy theory from planning BFF Tupac Shakur's murder to shooting himself in his own damn leg at that 2005 party, is in serious need of cash. He sold Death Row Records years ago and now owes more than $6 million to the IRS.
(Lawyers representing Kanye and the Shore Club did not return our messages, or declined to comment.)
Riptide, for one, is woefully disillusioned at this whole scenario. Since when does hip-hop's resident real bad guy resort to a lawsuit when trying to shake down a rapper for cash? Couldn't he find a balcony high enough?
Source: Miami New Times


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The Rumours and Speculation Thread #4
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Originally Posted by
Obviously he is reporting what he hears from his sources. I feel like to make you believe that TT wants to play, I need to go interview him myself. I will post it on here when I get the video. I have supplied plenty to prove TT wants to give it a shot again as far as we know.
I understand you like Bryz, but he has been terrible. There are a few of you who will defend him till he is gone, and the sooner the better. TT on a one year deal is >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Bryz. I can't put it any more simple than that.
I like his personality and honestly, I'd rather give him one more year before we buy him out. I admit when Bryz does something outright stupid, but I still believe he is his own worst critic, and it sometimes shows. And guess what, if we did buy off Bryz at the end of next season, it is basically a one year contract. Also, the goalie pool is WAY better in the next offseason. Lundy, Miller, Hiller, Halak, Crawford, Biron, and so on. I'm not saying Biron should be our starter, but I still would like him as a back up possibly. And this isn't even including a good list of RFA goalies that off-season as well. I'd say we should stick with what we have in goal for right now, see how both goalies do and make the decision either at the trade deadline or in the off-season (if we could trade off Bryz maybe in some miracle of a trade).
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"It doesn't matter who you are, it doesn't matter what you've done — they're gonna teach you some stuff, you're gotta listen. That's what I did, and I felt like I learned a lot over the course of the six weeks."
The approach Lopes took to beginning his career was keeping himself healthy. He focused on eating properly, working hard in the cages but making sure to conserve himself as well. He wanted to put himself in a prime position to hit well on a daily basis, while at the same time not overdoing things. Lopes assessed his performance during Instructs.
"I felt like I played well. I showed well and had good at-bats, stuck to my plan. I made sure I got up in the morning, got my lifts in and I got stronger, better just overall — fielding especially."
Instructs is exactly what it's labeled as — a place and time for the younger prospects to get much needed instructions on what and how to improve. And after six weeks of taking in information and utilizing it on the field, Lopes said he definitely leaves Instructs feeling like a better player.
"I've never had instruction like this before in my life, especially fielding-wise. I've never been able to take as many ground balls as I did, or hit as many pitches as I've seen over the course of this," he said. "The type of people you have around you and the type of instruction that you're receiving is unbelievable."
One thing in particular Lopes touched on was how a member of the fielding staff, Mike Mordecai, made sure he put his top hand over the glove so that he would trap the ball. Lopes said that Mordecai went over five aspects of playing the infield; footwork, fielding, funneling the ball, firing the ball and following your throw.
Offensively, Lopes said he felt good about the fact that the coaches only had so much to tell him about his swing, other than to keep his posture up.
"They didn't really change anything hitting-wise. They told me my hitting approach was good."
Though he was just drafted out of high school, Lopes is still in his age group at this level. At 18, he is two years off from being the youngest player on his own team. He said he felt comfortable with the level of competition he faced while at instructs, and appreciated the people he had around him.
"I feel that all of us are here for a reason; we have work to do and that's what they want to accomplish. We're competing against each other as well and we're trying to beat the other team, but it's a good atmosphere around here. I felt comfortable, I felt like I belonged."
Lopes now has a few months off before Spring Training begins, and he can continue to improve his game. At such an early stage of his career, he has a ways to go. He did share, however, a few of the major leaguers who he admires and likes to model himself after.
"I look up to plenty of guys. I like to take bits and pieces of everybody. Of course I want to be my own guy, but I love the way that guys like [Albert] Pujols play the game. He puts himself in a good position to hit every day.
"Guys like [Chase] Utley, guys like David Wright—his character, his leadership, all that stuff. And guys like [Derek] Jeter. I grew up watching Jeter play and this dude just knows how to win."


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One of them, Troy Jones, a 19-year-old aspiring photojournalist, remembered Brown from the scrimmage line.
"He was mentoring a younger guy in the scrimmage about technique you should use," he said.
The real line of scrimmage in American politics is the economy.
After the scrimmage, Bustin said Lloyd was "in good spirits and everything seemed to be fine … A lot of the guys go out," he said.
His was the scapulary which my father had inextricably grasped in the death 'scrimmage.'
We cleaned out a gang of gorillas afore we had this scrimmage in the road.
In the scrimmage some of the girls get pushed down, and an accident happens to Eppe, the prettiest one in the field.
Rupert got out of his fire-guards and added himself and his tea-tray to the scrimmage.
"That first scrimmage showed me just what the men were after," Stoddard said.
How will it go with young O'Shea about this scrimmage, will it be serious?'
1825, "quarrel, argue," from scrimmage (n.). Team sports sense is from 1881. Related: Scrimmaged; scrimmaging.


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Last Month at the Federal Circuit - December 2011
Judges: Rader, Newman (author), Prost
[Appealed from: E.D. Tex., Judge Davis]
In Typhoon Touch Technologies, Inc. v. Dell, Inc., No. 09-1589 (Fed. Cir. Nov. 4, 2011), the Federal Circuit affirmed the district court's construction of four claim terms but reversed its judgment of indefiniteness for a means-plus-function element. Typhoon Touch Technologies, Inc. ("Typhoon") sued a number of manufacturers and sellers of laptop computers and other tablet-like devices, alleging infringement of its U.S. Patent Nos. 5,379,057 ("the '057 patent") and 5,675,362 ("the '362 patent"). The '057 patent and the related '362 patent are both titled "Portable Computer with Touch Screen and Computer System Employing Same." The '057 and '362 patents disclose a "portable, self-contained, general-purpose, keyboardless computer" with a "touch screen display for data entry purposes," reciting the deficiencies of portable devices that require a keyboard. The district court found four of the claim elements required that an infringing device must actually perform, or be configured or programmed to perform, each of the claimed functions, resulting in a judgment of noninfringement for all defendants. Finding a fifth claim element invalid for indefiniteness, the district court held that the element lacked sufficient structure, under means-plus-function claiming, by failing to recite an algorithm for the claimed function. Typhoon appealed. Taking up first the four constructions that resulted in a judgment of noninfringement, the Federal Circuit considered the element of a "memory for storing at least one data collection application configured to determine contents and formats of said inquiries displayed on said screen." The district court found this clause required a memory actually configured or programmed to store the data collection application. Typhoon argued, on appeal, that requiring an infringing device to be configured or programmed to perform the memory-storing function incorrectly included a "use" limitation in an apparatus claim. Rather, Typhoon argued that a device may infringe if it is merely capable of performing each claimed function, even though it is not so configured or programmed. The Court, however, relied on the specification as the primary source for determining the invention, which recited that "[t]he memory of the portable computer stores a data collection application." Slip op. at 8 (citation omitted). On this basis, the Court found no error in the district court's construction that the "memory for storing" clause required a device actually configured or programmed to store the data collection application.
Next, the Court considered the district court's construction of "processor for executing said data collection application." Again, the district court construed this clause as requiring a processor actually configured or programmed to execute the data collection application rather than merely being capable of executing the data collection application. Reviewing the district court's construction, the Court noted the inconsistencies between Typhoon's current position and the prosecution history. In response to a rejection, the applicant narrowed the claims to executing data collection applications. Based on the specification and this disclosure, the Court agreed with the district court's construction, binding the patentee to representations made during the prosecution of the patents. Third, the Court considered the element of a "run-time utility operating in conjunction with said processor to execute said application and said libraries to facilitate data collection operations." The district court found the "operating in conjunction" phrase needed no construction because the meaning was clear. Once again, Typhoon argued that the district court incorrectly deemed the claimed element required that the utility operates in conjunction with the processor rather than being merely capable of doing so. Looking to the specification again, the Court found it recited a "portable computer . . . specifically adapted for facilitated data collection and recordation." This language satisfied the Court that the district court did not err in construing the "operating in conjunction" phrase as requiring the utility be configured or programmed to operate in conjunction with the processor. Fourth, the Court considered the district court's construction of "keyboardless" as meaning "without a mechanically integrated keyboard." On appeal, Typhoon argued this definition of "keyboardless" was too restrictive, because "keyboardless" meant the device did not require a separate keyboard. The infringing devices, Typhoon argued, could have a separate keyboard if a touch screen rendered the keyboard unnecessary. The Court therefore considered whether the patentee ascribed a special meaning to the term "keyboardless" other than the ordinary meaning "without a keyboard." Looking again to the patentee's own language in the specification, the Court distinguished a mechanically integrated keyboard from a "hooked up" peripheral keyboard. The Court found that the '057 and '362 patents described no device having a mechanically integrated keyboard. Instead, the specification proposed that an external keyboard may be "hooked up." And while the specification criticized mechanical keyboards as laborious or tedious, it touted the advantages of touch-screen keyboards. With these representations made in the specification, the Court affirmed the district court's construction of "keyboardless" as "without a mechanically integrated keyboard." Because Typhoon stipulated to noninfringement on the district court's construction of these four claim terms, the Federal Circuit affirmed the noninfringement judgment. The Federal Circuit then considered the fifth claim element, which the district court found indefinite and invalid. In the phrase "means for cross-referencing said responses with one of said libraries of said possible responses," the district court found this means-plus-function element lacked an "algorithm" adequate to provide structure for the function. The Federal Circuit explained that an algorithm "encompasses 'in essence a series of instructions for the computer to follow,' whether in mathematical formula, or a word description of the procedure to be implemented by a suitably programmed computer." Id. at 15 (citation omitted). Because "algorithm" has broad meaning in computer systems, a patentee can express it as a mathematical formula, in prose, as a flowchart, or any other manner that provides sufficient structure "for a person of skill in the field to provide an operative software program for the specified function." Id. at 16. Here, the Court found that the patentee did disclose a four-step algorithm for its computer-implemented cross-referencing function, described in prose as (1) entering a response; (2) searching for the entered response in a library of responses; (3) determining whether a match exists in the library; and (4) executing an action if a match exists. And in rejecting the finding of indefiniteness, the Federal Circuit explained that the district court placed too much weight on Typhoon's statement that the specification did not explicitly disclose the specific algorithm for cross-referencing. The Court found that this did not constitute a "concession," for a patentee need not disclose computer code nor a mathematical algorithm in the specification. "[I]t suffices if the specification recites in prose the algorithm to be implemented by the programmer." Id. at 18-19. Accordingly, the Federal Circuit found that the four-step written algorithm disclosed adequate structure for the means-plus-function element and reversed the district court's finding of invalidity for indefiniteness. Thus, the Court affirmed the district court's finding of noninfringement and reversed the district court's finding of invalidity for indefiniteness.Summary authored by Lauren J. Dreyer, law clerk at Finnegan.


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There is no such thing as heat energy
- Buddy Houston
- 2 years ago
- Views:
1 There is no such thing as heat energy We have used heat only for the energy transferred between the objects at different temperatures, and thermal energy to describe the energy content of the objects. That is the correct way to characterize these quantities. In some circles, heat energy is incorrectly used to mean energy content, when heat is not something contained within an object, but rather energy transferred by the object. There is no such thing as heat energy, while there really is thermal energy. The reason lies in the definition of heat itself, and in two other types of energy: thermal energy and internal energy. In order to define heat, we must define a reservoir (sometimes known as a heat reservoir or an energy reservoir). This is an object or material at a uniform temperature that is so large that removing a small amount of energy or adding a small amount of energy does not change anything (or at least not very much). Heat is energy transferred between systems at different temperatures. (Objects at different temperature transfer thermal energy.) The colder object becomes hotter and the hotter becomes colder. Thermodynamics and temperature The study of systems in which thermal properties change is known as thermodynamics. Perhaps the gentle reader has already heard of the three laws of thermodynamics, paraphrased as 1. Energy is conserved.
2 Energy, Ch. 7, extension 2 There is no such thing as heat energy 2 2. You can t win, you can only lose or break even. 3. You can t even break even. To that, physicists have added a zeroth law, which describes how temperature is defined. Suppose there are three objects, A, B, and C. The objects A and B are reservoirs and are in thermal equilibrium, which means that when they are in contact there is no net exchange of thermal energy between them. The two objects are now separated. If object C is brought up and found to be in thermal equilibrium with object A, say, then if objects B and C are placed in contact, it will be found that they are also in equilibrium with one another. A device that measures temperature is known as a thermometer. Temperatures are measured by allowing the thermometer and the system to come to thermal equilibrium. Two objects are said to be in a state of thermal equilibrium if there is no net interchange of thermal energy between those objects when they are brought into thermal contact. The measurement of the temperature of the thermometer therefore also gives a measurement of the temperature of the system. In this setup, the object C acts as the thermometer. A real thermometer (like object C) is originally calibrated by placing it in equilibrium with various objects at various known temperatures. The temperatures are marked in some way (most thermometers we are acquainted with have a mercury or alcohol column whose height is different at different temperatures, and the heights corresponding to various know temperatures are marked). Temperature is measured by putting the calibrated thermometer together with, say, object B and waiting for equilibrium to be established.
3 Energy, Ch. 7, extension 2 There is no such thing as heat energy 3 Then objects B and C are in thermal equilibrium and the calibrated reading of the temperature may be read off. We now define the property of thermal systems that determines whether or not they are in thermal equilibrium as the temperature: Two systems that are in thermal equilibrium with each other must have the same temperatures. Thermal equilibrium is the state in which there is no net interchange of thermal energy between objects. In practice, temperature is measured by assigning numbers to systems we designate as cold or hot and by using thermal equilibrium. The everyday scale of temperature is the Celsius scale, named for Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius ( ), who designed the first temperature scale separated by one hundred degrees of temperature in As defined today, the Celsius temperature scale has its zero at the triple point of water (where water, ice, and water vapor are at equilibrium in a vacuum), a temperature negligibly different from the freezing point of water on Earth s surface, and sets 100 C as the boiling temperature of water at sea level. A degree Celsius ( C) is one-one hundredth of the interval between these two points. In this Celsius scale, ice melts at 0 C, a cool day might have a temperature of 10 C, room temperature is about 20 C, a heat wave would have temperatures around 30 to 40 C, and human body temperature is 37 C (skin temperature is about 35 C). The absolute temperature scale, or Kelvin scale, is named for William Thomson, Lord Kelvin ( ), who contributed mightily to the understanding of thermal systems. He was the first person to realize that there is an absolute minimum temperature at -273 C, which he proposed in The kelvin (K) is equal in size to the degree Celsius. There is no degree associated with the name of the unit in the Kelvin scale. The zero of
4 Energy, Ch. 7, extension 2 There is no such thing as heat energy 4 the absolute scale, absolute zero, is at 0 K = C. Thus, 0 C is at a temperature of K.
5 Energy, Ch. 7, extension 2 There is no such thing as heat energy 5 Heat and thermal energy The word heat refers to energy in transit between objects at two different temperatures. Heat is not a separate form of energy, but an artifact of the transfer of energy to an object by virtue of a temperature difference. No object has a heat content, as was first shown by the American inventor Benjamin Thompson ( ), also known as Count Rumford, in During this period, he was arms maker for the King of Bavaria. He did an experiment in which he had workers drill out a cannon bore, which they did by turning a large drill into the solid iron cannon; the bore boiled cooling water as long as the drill was turned. The amount of energy to boil water that could come off the cannon was essentially infinite; it didn t come from the cannon itself, but rather from the work the drill did. An object may, however, be assigned a thermal energy, just as it can be assigned a potential energy. The unit of thermal energy and of heat in the International System is the joule (J). The units of energy are consistent across all uses and always given in terms of joules. This is a consequence of the identification of thermal energy as a form of energy. (This unit replaces old units of energy for virtually all uses. This means that in science it is no longer acceptable to use the calorie or kilocalorie (food calorie); all energies are measured in joules.) Thermal energy is the total energy of motion of all the molecules in an object. There is evidence of the molecular basis of matter in Brownian motion. Grains of pollen in water, when observed under a microscope, seem to jitter around with a life of their own. They jitter because they are at a very high temperature compared to the lowest temperature possible, absolute zero. Molecules have thermal energy. The amount of
6 Energy, Ch. 7, extension 2 There is no such thing as heat energy 6 energy is reflected in their kinetic energies. On average, the higher the temperature, the faster the molecules of the matter move. In solids, this is just a bouncing motion, since the atoms are fixed into place by interatomic springs. In liquids, the same result is found. The tiny unseeable water molecules go flying around. Sometimes they hit the pollen molecule so hard that it bounces visibly away as a result of the collision. Thus, Brownian motion is evidence for the existence of unseen molecules that bang around hitting other molecules. This explanation for Brownian motion was first offered by Albert Einstein in a famous paper from the year The molecules in air do a similar thing. The molecules are always moving around. The only way they interact is by bumping into one another. It is clear that, even if all molecules had the same speed at an initial instant, soon thereafter, they would be hitting other molecules in direct collisions, in glancing collisions, and so on. The molecules would soon have a range of speeds. There is a most probable speed, which depends on temperature, but molecules may have many speeds. Gas molecules move at average speeds of kilometers per second. a) b) Fig. E The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for several temperatures. b) Actual data ( ) from a gas (thallium vapor) at 870 K compared to the Maxwell-Boltzmann prediction (line).
7 Energy, Ch. 7, extension 2 There is no such thing as heat energy 7 James Clerk Maxwell ( ) in 1859 derived the distribution of molecular speeds that corresponded to an ideal gas, and Ludwig Boltzmann in 1871 extended this to the distribution of energies in arbitrary systems. As a result it is now called the Maxwell- Boltzmann distribution. The picture above shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function, which gives the relative number of particles in some speed range. Notice that the distribution begins at zero for zero speed and rises to a maximum, then falls for higher speeds. Molecules are small: The typical size of a molecule is m. To get an idea how small this is, a small plastic 35-mm film canister holds about molecules of water, a very large number. The US national debt is about $5 trillion. If for each dollar of national debt, we had an amount equal to the national debt, we would have 2.5 x dollars. There are that many water molecules in two 35 mm film canisters! Put another way, seconds would be 20 million ages of the universe. We can t see these small objects, but we can see their effects, as in Brownian motion. It is no surprise that we can t see the molecules moving, they are so small. But they do move and their motion produces thermal energy. The pictures above indicate that, while we can t know what any individual molecule is doing, the molecules trade their energy with one another and do not lose it. This energy content is the thermal energy. The amount of thermal energy, denoted Q, transferred as heat between two objects of different temperature depends on the difference in the objects temperature, T. More thermal energy can be transferred between two objects if the temperature difference between them is greater than between two other objects for which the temperature difference is smaller.
8 Energy, Ch. 7, extension 2 There is no such thing as heat energy 8 Generally (but not always), an object experiencing a transfer of thermal energy that increases that object s energy will experience a rise in temperature. Conversely, most objects transferring away thermal energy will undergo a decrease in temperature. If thermal energy is gained by an object, Q for that object is positive, and its temperature increases. If thermal energy is lost by an object, Q for that object is negative, and its temperature decreases. In general (but not always), the greater the transfer of thermal energy to or from an object, the greater the change in that object s temperature. The exception referred to above occurs if the object is in the process of changing from a solid to a liquid (or vice versa) or a liquid to a gas (or vice versa). Thermal energy transferred to or from an object undergoing one of these changes doesn t result in an increase or decrease in temperature. The reason the object does not change temperature is that the energy is going into changing the potential energy of individual molecules of material, releasing them from bonds or creating bonds. This is a change in the potential energy of the molecules of matter. To take this behavior into account, physicists have invented the term internal energy to refer to both the thermal energy and the potential energy of the molecules of a material. This assures everyone that energy is conserved in these processes (including phase changes). In sum, thermal energy refers to the kinetic energy of the atoms and/or molecules in matter. Internal energy refers to the total kinetic and potential energy in a material. Heat is thermal energy that is being transferred between two objects at different temperatures. There is no such thing as heat energy! I am much indebted to Mario Iona for his cogent advice on this subject. This material was adapted from an article Explaining hot and cold originally published in AURCO J. 6, 61 (2000).
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A remarkable IpsosMori/Reuters poll in some of the marginals David Cameron must win to secure a majority. The overall numbers show a swing of 5.5 per cent to the Tories — which is short of an overall majority.*
But the most striking finding is the renewed confidence in Gordon Brown's leadership. Cameron loses on every count. I'll leave it to these charts to tell the story. Read more


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Philosophy The Recipe Box
Yummy cake recipe themed 3-in-1 shower cream in teeny size. Smell terriffic and feel great PLUS real recipe cards so you can make Strawberry Shortcake, Red Velvet Cake or Sweet Creamy Frosting at home if you so desire. Or give the recipe cards to your mom and save the calorie free version for yourself


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As you all know, last night, the reveal trailer for Modern Warfare 3 was relased. This may not seem like a huge deal, but, it is quite important for our wiki. When a new Call of Duty game is announced, our wiki gets a large number of new users. For example, last year, around when the first Black Ops multiplayer trailer came out, people like me joined the wiki for new info. These new users are either GREAT for us or AWFUL for us. This is because at around this time, everyone is trolling about how bad the current CoD is. Trust me, it happens with EVERY CoD game. So, try to keep alert for trolling and attempt to end future flame-wars. Also, with the new game coming up, there will be much speculated info on MW3 pages. Do not post any specualted or opinionated info on new pages. Thirdly, DO NOT POST LEAKED INFO. It is against wiki policy, and I believe an Activision official warned us of this. Lastly, try to keep pages organized. When I joined and started going on this wiki, one of my least favorite things to see were pages with red links, uncited info, and strange looking pages. Try to keep everything in order for the CoD Wiki's MW3 phase! And please no trolling. (I've tried to keep this blog from being corny, but I obviously failed)
Modern Warfare 3 trailer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coiTJbr9m04&feature=channel_video_title
Modern Warfare 3 trailer analysis: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye2zENhcJl8
Random Video of The Day: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRWAFQqQY9Y&feature=BFa&list=FLuCuDA7YmV-c&index=15


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Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (The) (NYSE: SMG) shares rose in value on Tuesday February 14 on lighter trade volume than normal after a number of analysts weighed in on the investing value of the stock with a upgraded rating.
Meanwhile U.S. stocks opened slightly lower on Tuesday. The main three benchmarks retreated after touching the latest in a series of record highs on Monday, with the S&P 500 index SPX, -0.09% down two points, or 0.1%, to 2,326.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, -0.02% fell 34 points, or 0.2%, to 20,381. The Nasdaq Composite Index COMP, -0.13% shed eight points, or 0.1%, to 5,756.
Analysts at Zacks Investment Research upgraded shares of Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (The) (NYSE: SMG) from Hold to Buy today. With a rating of Buy on the stock, the company has a 52-week high of $98.82. The one-year price target of $99.33 is above the opening price of $91.96, that has caused a number of other analysts to issue statements on the stock in recent days. Usually, after analysts issue an upgrade report on a stock, they will later issue recurring revisions, usually followed by a price target change.
Yesterday Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (The) (NYSE: SMG) shares last traded at $91.93, which represents a jump of $0.06 compared to the previous closing price. Opening at $91.96, they ranged from $91.53 and $92.18 throughout the day.
Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (The) (NYSE: SMG) now has a market cap of 5.50B.
Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (The) (NYSE: SMG) Average Daily Trading Volume
The stock's average daily volume is 520,310 shares out of a total float 59,498,000 and some 32,536 shares crossed the trading desk yesterday, 64 percent lower than the average. lower than normal. Look for trading volume to pick up in the coming days as swing traders often use upticks in trading volume to identify heavy volume accumulation or distribution by institutional investors.
As with all potential breakouts, investors look for volume to be at least 40%-50% higher than normal on the breakout to show that fund managers and other professional investors are jumping in.
Institutional sponsorship just refers to ownership of a stock by mutual funds, banks, pension funds and other large institutions.
These instituitional investors retain teams of analysts that research thousands of stocks. Thus, watching their interests is a good way to make sure you are buying the right stocks.
Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (The) (NYSE: SMG) Moving Averages
A moving average can also act as support or resistance. In an uptrend a 50-day, 100-day or 200-day moving average may act as a support level, as shown in the figure below.
This is because the average acts like a floor (support), so the price bounces up off of it.
In a downtrend a moving average may act as resistance; like a ceiling, the price hits it and then starts to drop again.
By identifying trends, moving averages allow traders to make those trends work in their favor and increase the number of successful trades.
Trades for Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (The) (NYSE: SMG) have ranged from $64.55 – 98.82, and the stock now has a 50-day MA of $93.49 and 200-day MA of $87.63. Today's last price is 6.97%% under the 52 week high of $98.82.
Earnings growth is an important factor to research when investing in stocks and investors seek companies that have increased their earnings by at least 25% over 3 consecutive years.
DISCLOSURE: The views and opinions expressed in this article do not represent the views of the website. Readers should not consider statements made by the author as formal recommendations and should consult their financial adviser before making any investment decisions. To read our full disclosure, please see our terms and conditions page.


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Thank you, Tony Oddo, for speaking out and starting a community conversation about rethinking our celebration of the Fourth of July. It surely does not start two weeks prior and two weeks after the holiday.
I am concerned about the effects of these illegal activities as well. I am also concerned about those with PTSD, the elderly living alone and the hawks in my area who had nests in the very same trees that people shot these fireworks towards. Let us not forget the many who are recovering from heart surgery, or in my case, the neighbor who was reaching the end of his life and died the day after.
I have some questions for our community to continue to ponder: Do these people even know what the Fourth of July represents? Did they display a flag the two weeks before and the two weeks after? Do they know the words to "The Star-Spangled Banner" — those famous words written by Francis Scott Key that are so powerful? Did they think of others when they set them off? What part of the household budget went to these fireworks? Is that really a good investment?
Good old-fashioned values and behaviors are the best teaching tools. We are in the middle of a drought and we allow fireworks? That boggles my mind. One fireworks booth received phony $20 bills — how does that work for fundraising?
Our Fourth of July fireworks at Lodi Lake can be see throughout the city safely. Hey, how about packing up your family with a picnic or snack, gather at the local parking lot, meet people and wear red, white and blue, and watch a magnificent display done by professionals and relax and be grateful for patriotism and bravery?
Gaye Elrod