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The New Freedom Project – A Personal Learning Network at Empire State College
For the 2010-2011 academic year students were invited to participate in a new online learning environment, the New Freedom Project, as part of the college's Project for Online Open Learning (POOL). Think of the New Freedom Project as a combination of a blog, a Facebook page, and a virtual lecture hall. It is designed to capture the learning that goes on when intelligent people passionately discuss topics of great personal interest.
In a traditional class or group study students are closely tied to predetermined content, predetermined credits, prescheduled start and end dates, and a limited number of peers. In the New Freedom Project you are encouraged to follow your learning wherever it leads, and you are encouraged to exchange ideas, information, criticism, and analysis with other students and faculty in the community space. It is not a structured online course; rather it is a social, networked, learning environment. If you have an interest in a specific topic, rather than a specific course, then the New Freedom Project might be perfect for you (especially the "Connected Learning" group described below).
What is Different About the Project for Online Open Learning?
Unlike traditional courses that may have predefined content and assignments, the New Freedom Project is built around the idea that learning should not be restrained by anything other than what you, working closely with your mentor, want to learn about. In many cases it is not clear in advance exactly what will interest a student about a particular course or topic. The project is designed to evolve along with your interests and learning needs.
This is a new way of teaching and learning — this type of online environment is new to the college and to higher education in general — and it is likely that successful students will be intellectually curious, motivated to learn, self-starters, and willing to engage in a learning community that is not simply a copy of traditional course structures. The New Freedom Project is open and that means that you have to be curious enough to ask questions and responsible enough to work towards finding answers. Members of the Empire State College faculty will lead projects and be available to guide you and your peers through the learning process.
This is an easy environment to navigate. The "front page" of the space will show where current conversations are active and it will point you to important academic resources that are relevant to these conversations.
What Learning Projects are Planned?
Individual projects planned for the 2010-2011 academic year could include the following:
The History and Future of Freedom (depending on enrollment). This is not a traditional course, but rather a chance for you, your peers, and some ESC faculty to come together in a group environment to address one question: What does freedom, real freedom, mean for me? You will be asked to develop and then share drafts of a "freedom statement" designed to help clarify what freedom means in your life now, and what possibilities exist for freedom in the future. How you define freedom is up to you—it could be political, economic, social, sexual, technological, artistic, or something other form of freedom.
The only book initially assigned for this study will be Fareed Zakaria's The Future of Freedom, though you may be expected to purchase or borrow at least one additional book based on the interests that emerge in the group.
Connected Learning (depending on enrollment). This group study will introduce students to learning theories driven by the development of new media and social networking tools. Each student will be expected to take an active role in developing connected learning strategies and practices that are applicable to their own studies, interests, and academic goals. Students will also be expected to identify in the first week of the study specific topics that they plan to investigate. This study is open to students from any disciplinary background and is initially offered as a 2 credit, introductory level foundation option. However, students will be given the option to expand the credit level as specific learning interests and opportunities arise. This study can be structured to count as educational planning credits, though students must consult with their primary mentors to see if educational planning credit is appropriate. There will be no required textbooks at the outset of this class, though students may be required to purchase a single text as common learning interests. In any event, the textbook costs, if there are any, will be held to under $30. (Potential students wanting to learn more about the basics of the course can do a web search for "connectivism" to get a sense of what we will be doing.) Students must register for Connected Learning as an independent study.
Comparative Political Theory. This will be a customizable version of the course offered through the Center for Distance Learning. You will read work from the important Islamic philosopher Abu Nasr al-Farabi, along with two of his chief intellectual influences from the Western tradition, Plato and Aristotle. In addition, you will have the opportunity to do a paper on the political tradition of your interest (as long as there is a comparative component). Previous students have done work on Confucian, Islamic, Native American, and African political traditions.
Modern Political Theory. This will be a customizable version of the course offered through the Center for Distance Learning. We will focus on the issues of liberty the relationship between political action and moral limits. In addition to consistently taking part in discussions you will also be asked to develop and share multiple drafts of a research paper. The final third of the group study will consist of sharing of, and commentary upon, student research projects. For a description of the basic version of the learning project please consult the Modern Political Theory course description in this term guide.
What about Credits?
Studies in the New Freedom Project were designed to be open-ended in terms of content, credits, and time frames. You might sign up for an independent study for 4 credits, or you might just dive into the learning and decide that 6 credits worth of learning suits you best. You might take small "chunks" of credits 2 at a time, tailoring independent learning contracts along the way. You can arrange for a certain number of credits before you begin, or you can start participating and then work with your mentor and associated faculty to arrange for a number of credits that makes sense to you.
For more information please contact Frank Vander Valk at email@example.com


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Couple questions about letter hacks:
1) Does Compendium One (collects TWD Issues #1 to #48) include any letter hacks?
2) Because I'm not looking forward to buy every issue separately, is there any other way to read Letter Hacks from #1 to #48? Does any other compendium or sumthing include the letter hacks? As far as I'm concerned at least issue 1 and 48 don't have letter hacks but still? Thanx.

subset: commoncrawl


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Starting lineups
No. 13 Ohio St. 79, No. 18 Michigan St. 68
EAST LANSING, Mich. (AP) - Ohio State was too strong inside and too sharp outside for Michigan State on Wednesday night.
Terence Dials scored 19 points down low and the 13th-ranked Buckeyes hit 11 3-pointers in a 79-68 victory over the 18th-ranked Spartans, snapping Michigan State's 15-game home winning streak.
``It has been so tough to get a win here, it feels great to do what we did tonight,'' Dials said. ``Everyone played a part in it. When people have to focus on our 3-point shooters, it opens up a lot inside.''
Je'Kel Foster had 17 points, Ron Lewis 13, Jamar Butler 12 and Matt Sylvester 10 for the Buckeyes (20-4, 9-4), who tied Iowa for first place in the Big Ten and snapped a 10-game losing streak in the Breslin Center.
``I thought we did a great job of sharing the basketball and finding the open guys,'' Ohio State coach Thad Matta said. ``To have 20 assists and nine turnovers is something we're always striving for.''
Maurice Ager had 26 points for the Spartans (19-8, 7-6), 16 coming in the first half as Michigan State took a 37-34 lead.
``We stopped rebounding and getting stops,'' Ager said. ``Those were two big reasons we lost. But we just have to keep moving forward.''
Shannon Brown had 17 points and Paul Davis added 14 for the Spartans, who struggled without forward Matt Trannon, sidelined after breaking his jaw last Saturday against Michigan.
``I think Ohio State deserves a lot of credit,'' Michigan State coach Tom Izzo said. ``The last four minutes of the game, they played extremely well. I didn't think I'd have to go with a four-guard lineup as much as we did.''
The Spartans led 43-36 early in the second half but Dials scored to tie it at 54. Foster and Lewis then combined for three 3-pointers as the Buckeyes went ahead 63-58.
``We spent all summer preparing for a game like this one,'' Foster said. ``We played our game, shot our shots, and they fell.''
Ohio State led 67-66 when Butler hit a 3 over a sprawled Drew Neitzel. Two offensive rebounds by Sylvester helped pad the lead before Butler connected again from long range to ice the win.
The Buckeyes shot 48 percent from the field, including 46 percent beyond the arc. Dials had 10 rebounds as Ohio State finished with a 33-32 advantage on the boards.
``The biggest challenge we had at halftime was trying to do a better job rebounding the basketball,'' Matta said of an 18-10 second-half edge. ``I thought that was the difference. But we kept our composure during their runs and hit some really big shots.''
The Buckeyes avenged a 62-59 double-overtime loss on Jan. 15 in Columbus, their only loss at home this season. Trannon had 14 points and 11 rebounds in that game.
``Of all the teams we could've played tonight, I think that was the toughest with our matchup problems,'' Izzo said. ``They exploited it a couple of times. And that was the difference in the game.''


text: Galina was the daughter of Clovis, the owner of several barges in Narda. She only appeared once, when she bade farewell to her father as he departed for Teirm. This article is a stub about a character or characters and is in need of expansion. Retrieved from "http://inheritance.wikia.com/wiki/Galina?oldid=92629" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Stubs Character stubs Characters Humans Females Add category Cancel Save Languages: Deutsch Polski


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August 12, 2013
Statement from Heather Forsyth on funding approval for Aleena Sadownyk
CALGARY, AB (August 12, 2013): Wildrose Health Critic Heather Forsyth released the following statement following Alberta Health's decision today to approve treatment for Aleena Sadownyk:
"It is with tremendous joy that I thank all those who pushed so hard for the government to approve this life-saving treatment for Aleena. I have been amazed by the response Albertans and Canadians have shown towards Aleena and her incredible family, who have been the real heroes in working so tirelessly to secure this treatment for their precious daughter. They are a true inspiration. Of course, none of this would have been possible without the loving and compassionate advocacy of Andrew MacFadyen and the Isaac Foundation. I'm simply overjoyed that Aleena will have this second chance at life. "I hope that this painful ordeal for the Sadownyk family will lead to better approval processes for rare disease treatment in our province. We owe it to all Albertans to make sure that their health care system is there for them when rare diseases strike and extremely expensive treatments are their only hope."


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Pre-hypertension is a major risk factor for hypertension. African Americans (blacks) have more prevalent and severe hypertension than whites, but it is unknown whether progression from pre-hypertension is accelerated in blacks. We examined this question in a prospective cohort study of 18,865 non-hypertensive persons (5,733 [30.4% black, 13,132 [69.6%]) white) 18–85 years old. Electronic health record data were obtained from 197 community-based outpatient clinics in the Southeast U.S. Days elapsing from study entry to hypertension diagnosis, mainly blood pressure [BP] ≥140 systolic and/or ≥90 mmHg diastolic on two consecutive visits established conversion time within a maximum observation period of 2550 days. Cox regression modeling was used to examine conversion to hypertension as a function of race, while controlling for age, sex, baseline systolic and diastolic BP, body mass index [BMI], diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. The covariable adjusted median conversion time when 50% became hypertensive was 365 days earlier for blacks than whites (626 vs 991 days, p<0.001). Among covariables, baseline systolic BP 130–139 (Hazard Ratio 1.77, 95% Confidence Intervals [1.69–1.86]) and 120–129 mmHg (1.52 [1.44–1.60] as well as age ≥75 (1.40 [1.29–1.51] and 55–74 years (1.29 [1.23–1.35] were the strongest predictors of hypertension. Additional predictors included age 35–54 years, diastolic BP 80–89 mmHg, overweight and obesity, and diabetes mellitus (all p<0.001). Conversion from pre-hypertension to hypertension is accelerated in blacks, which suggests that effective interventions in pre-hypertension could reduce racial disparities in prevalent hypertension.
In 1939, Robinson and Brucer reported that individuals with blood pressures of 120–139/80–89 mmHg were more likely to become hypertensive and die earlier than people with normal blood pressures <120/<80.1 They labeled this blood pressure range as pre-hypertension. The Joint National Committee on High Blood Pressure adopted the term pre-hypertension for the first time in its Seventh Report (JNC 7) in May 2003. As in 1939, JNC 7 defined pre-hypertension by blood pressures 120–139/80–89 mmHg.2,3 Although pre-hypertension was controversial, several studies confirmed the 1939 report that pre-hypertension is a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).4 Among people with BP 130–139 systolic and/or 85–89 mmHg diastolic (Stage 2 pre-hypertension), the risk of developing hypertension is threefold that of normotensives with BP <120/<80.5-7 The risk of CVD morbidity and mortality is ~1.6–2.0 greater in Stage 2 pre-hypertensives than normotensives, even without progression to hypertension.7
In the U.S., African Americans (blacks) have a higher prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular and renal complications than Caucasians (whites).8, 9 Moreover, even without progression to hypertension, pre-hypertensive blacks experience more CVD complications than whites.10 These observations suggest that effective interventions, which lower blood pressure in prehypertensives and retard the progression to hypertension, could potentially reduce black-white health disparities in prevalent hypertension.3, 11 In fact, The ISHIB Consensus Statement recommends comprehensive lifestyle intervention in blacks with blood pressure ≥115/≥75 mm Hg rather than ≥120/≥80 as in JNC 7.12
JNC 7 recommended therapeutic lifestyle change only for pre-hypertension in the absence of diabetes and clinical cardiovascular and renal disease.1 Clinical efficacy studies document that lifestyle changes, e.g., the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), lower blood pressure in non-hypertensive persons, especially blacks.13 However, adoption of healthy nutrition and physical activity patterns are limited in the U.S. population whose dietary patterns have become less DASH-like as body mass index and prevalent obesity have risen.14, 15
These observations suggest that adoption of lifestyle interventions is limited in the population and that a large proportion of individuals with Stage 2 pre-hypertension progress to hypertension within four years. Thus, safe and effective pharmacological options emerge as a logical complement to therapeutic lifestyle change for reducing prevalent hypertension.3 If blacks with pre-hypertension progress to hypertension at a faster rate than whites, then the rationale for studying pharmacological interventions in this high risk group would be strengthened. While several studies examined progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension,5, 7, 16 none addressed differences between black and white individuals. Our study addresses that important knowledge gap.
This study utilized the Outpatient Quality Improvement Network (OQUIN) Hypertension Initiative database.17 OQUIN captures data on patients from the Southeast U.S who are receiving healthcare at practices with electronic health record systems. Data collection is facilitated through a Business Associate Agreement with each clinic. The Agreement addresses the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations and includes a provision for use of de-identified data for research. The data file includes patient demographics (age, race, sex), visits and visit dates, vital signs, diagnoses and procedure codes, medications, and laboratory data. The source of race information retrieved from the electronic health record was not specified. This study was approved by the Medical University of South Carolina Institutional Review Board.
This study examined differences in conversion rates between non-Hispanic blacks (Blacks) and non-Hispanic whites (Whites) in a prospective observational cohort design. Patients were selected from among 1,720,242 patients seen at participating practices between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2007. Subjects were eligible for this study if they were 18–85 years old and had ≥4 visits with a valid blood pressure (BP) measurement over a period ≥2 years.
Patients were excluded if they had initial BP values ≥140 systolic and/or ≥90 mmHg diastolic, a diagnosis of hypertension (ICD-9-CM 401–405), or prescription for antihypertensive medication. Persons with a history of active drug or alcohol abuse (ICD-9-CM 303-305), major psychiatric illness (ICD-9-CM 290-299), or malignancy (ICD-9-CM 140-208) were excluded. Persons with missing race, Hispanic ethnicity, or who did not meet inclusion criteria were excluded. Figure 1 depicts derivation of the study sample.
Recruitment was open-ended and began 1 January 2003 and closed 31 December 2007. Data collection for patients enrolled during this five-year period ended on 31 December 2009, which yielded a maximum observation period of 2,550 days.
The primary end-point was conversion from non-hypertensive, i.e., normal BP (<120/<80 mmHg) or pre-hypertension (120–139/80–89 mmHg), to hypertensive status. From the electronic health record, new onset hypertension was defined by: (i) systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg on two consecutive visits (ii) new ICD9 (401–405) diagnosis of hypertension (iii) initiation of antihypertensive treatment identified from the medical record. The pre-hypertensive BP range was divided into Stage 1 pre-hypertension with BP 120–129 systolic and/or 80–84 mmHg diastolic and Stage 2 pre-hypertension with SBP 130–139 and/or DBP 85–89 mmHg.7 Based on the empirical joint distribution of systolic and diastolic BP values, nine non-hypertensive BP categories were defined including normal BP and 8 categories of pre-hypertension to determine their influence on progression to hypertension.
The number of days elapsing from study entry to hypertension conversion established the survival time (T). The main independent variable, race was obtained from demographic information in the electronic health record. For some patients living in South Carolina without race in the electronic health record, this information was obtained from the State Office of Research and Statistics Uniform Billing claims database. Race was categorized as black or white with exclusion of other race/ethnicity groups including Hispanic and unknown.
Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) <60 ml/1.7 m2/min or history of CKD (ICD-9 codes 403, 404, 585). Diabetes mellitus was defined by ICD-9 code 250 and/or prescriptions for insulin or oral anti-diabetic medications.
Data analyses were conducted with SAS software package (SAS V9.03, Cary, NC).18 Descriptive statistics for group comparisons included t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-square for proportions. The relationship between the dependent variable (conversion to hypertension) and various risk factors or independent variables was examined as a function of time using survival analysis. Variables with bivariate association P-values ≤0.20 were included in the multivariable model. Multi-colinearity among covariates was evaluated by assessing deviations of regression coefficients and their standard errors in the fitted univariate and multivariate models,19 and none was detected. Covariates were entered simultaneously into the model. Age-adjusted Kaplan-Meier survival curves graphically presented the relationship of the cumulative proportion of conversions to hypertension among Blacks and Whites. A log-rank test was used to test the homogeneity of survival curves across racial strata.20 P-values <0.05 were considered significant.
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression was used to estimate the prognostic influence of race on conversion to hypertension, while simultaneously controlling for the confounding effect of covariates. This model estimates the instantaneous relative risk of conversion to hypertension averaged over the entire time of follow-up. The proportional hazard assumption was tested with the goodness-of-fit chi-square test, which compares the observed and expected survival probabilities, and by graphical means using the log-log Kaplan-Meier curves.21 The heterogeneity of the stratum-specific hazard ratios between systolic BP and conversion across the various stages of diastolic BP as proposed by Breslow-Day22 for analysis of cohort data was used.23 Adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals are reported.
In this study, 18,865 individuals (Figure 1) were followed through the end-point of hypertension or the end point of 2,550 days. Non-hypertensive subjects who met exclusion criteria except for race unknown or other than black or white (N=12,868) were younger, more likely to be men, overweight, and normotensive and to have CKD and diabetes, and less likely to have normal weight and blood pressures (data not shown, all p-values <0.01). A total of 12,045 patients (63.8%) progressed to clinical hypertension. Significant differences were identified between converters and non-converters in all covariables but sex (Table 1). The mean age of the cohort was 48.5 (SD ± 15.7) years, 43% were obese and 27.4% were diabetic. Converters were significantly older than non-converters.
Table 2 shows the baseline prevalence of pre-hypertension in this non-hypertensive cohort. Within this cohort, 28% were normotensive, 27.2% had Stage 1 pre-hypertension(120–129/80–84 mmHg), and 45.2% had Stage 2 pre-hypertension (130–139/85–89).7 Significant group differences were observed in several non-modifiable covariables with patients who were black, male, older, diabetic and with chronic kidney disease having a higher prevalence of Stage 2 pre-hypertension. Body mass index was the only readily modifiable covariable examined. There was a positive linear gradient of baseline stage 2 hypertension status with increasing body mass index, with the highest rate (52.4%) among Grade III obesity and the lowest (25.6%) among underweight individuals. All patients with chronic kidney disease and 72% with diabetes mellitus had stage 2 pre-hypertension at baseline.
Table 3 summarizes results of multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Regression analyses and risk of conversion to hypertension over 7-years follow-up. Crude risk ratios were larger than adjusted ratios, which indicate confounding effects of covariables in the model. The overestimation eliminated by adjusting for other covariables ranged from 62.0% for CKD to 3.2% for sex. Blacks had greater risk of conversion to hypertension than whites (HR=1.35; 95% CI=1.30, 1.40) after adjusting for covariables. The strongest predictor of conversion was stage-2 systolic pre-hypertension followed by stage-1 systolic pre-hypertension. The risk of progressing to hypertension increased with advancing age. Patients who are ≥75 years old had 46% higher risk of conversion than those ages 18–34 years (P<0.001).
Persons with stage-2 and stage-1 diastolic pre-hypertension had significantly elevated risk of conversion independently of other co-variables. Unlike Stage–2 and Stage–1 systolic pre-hypertension, risk for conversion to hypertension did not differ between Stage–2 and Stage–1 diastolic pre-hypertension.
Compared to individuals with normal BMI (18.5–<25 kg/m2), risk of new onset hypertension rose with increasing BMI category (Table 3). Underweight was associated with a lower mean estimate of conversion to hypertension, although not statistically significant. Chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus increased risk of new onset hypertension.
Table 4 shows the empirical distribution of nine groups of non-hypertensive individuals and risk of each group for conversion to hypertension. The largest group is comprised of isolated systolic pre-hypertension with 20% Stage 1 and 16% Stage 2. Generally, the higher the stage of pre-hypertension, the greater was the risk of new onset hypertension. With normotensives (Group 0, reference), a biological gradient was noted with progressive covariate-adjusted increasing risk from Group 1 (normal systolic BP, Stage 1 diastolic pre-hypertension), to Group 8 (stage 2 systolic and diastolic pre-hypertension [linear trend of HR P<0.001]).
The nine stages of non-hypertension indicated a transadditive effect of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on risk for hypertension. For example, patients with stage 2 systolic and diastolic pre-hypertension (Group 8) had a HR for future hypertension of 2.42, which was greater than the sum of the separate components of isolated Stage 2 systolic and isolated Stage 2 diastolic prehypertension (HR 1.75 + 1.21, respectively, = 1.96) as shown in Table 3. The small difference between the crude and adjusted HRs, expressed as crude/adjusted, indicate that the degree of confounding by covariables was less than 4% for all nine grades of pre-hypertension. The differences in crude and adjusted hazard ratios using the 9 groups were smaller than ratios using only three groups, i.e., normal BP, Stage 1 and Stage 2 pre-hypertension (Table 3).
Figure 2 shows age-adjusted Kaplan-Meier probability curves of incident hypertension (percent remaining non-hypertensive) by race over 2,550 days. The probability of blacks and whites remaining hypertension-free separated during the first few months. The median conversion time [S(T)50] of blacks was 365 days earlier than whites (626 vs 991, p<0.001). Similarly, at the midpoint or 1,250 days, 65% of blacks had already converted to hypertension compared to 54% of the whites. By end or censoring point of the 2,550th day, about 70% of blacks and 56% of whites had converted.
The principal study finding is that black race, as recorded in the electronic health record, is associated with an accelerated risk of new onset hypertension. Our findings are based upon community practice-based electronic health record system data and included adjustments for several confounding clinical and demographic covariables. In addition to race, several other clinical characteristics were independently associated with new onset hypertension including age, baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. These findings are consonant with previous reports on risk factors in pre-hypertension for cardiovascular disease.10, 24-30 The dose-dependent risk of conversion noted with increasing BMI from underweight to Grade III obesity is consistent with studies linking obesity and adiposity to the pathophysiology of elevated blood pressure and hypertension.31-33
Another novel study finding was the transadditivity of systolic and diastolic BP when both values were examined simultaneously as predictors of new onset hypertension (Table 4). A biological gradient of risk was observed, which corresponded to the eight categories of pre-hypertension when systolic and diastolic BP are considered simultaneously rather than the three separate stages of systolic and diastolic pressure. Moreover, the difference between unadjusted and adjusted crude rates was reduced when nine rather than three categories of non-hypertensive systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were considered (Table 3). Thus, considering systolic and diastolic simultaneously substantially reduces the confounding by covariables that occurs when systolic or diastolic pressures are examined separately. While both systolic and diastolic pre-hypertension increase the risk of conversion to hypertension, the influence of systolic appears stronger. The stronger relationship of systolic than diastolic to cardiovascular events has also been reported, especially for people ≥50 years old.2, 34-36
Isolated stage 1 and 2 systolic pre-hypertension with normal diastolic (Grades 2 and 5) accounted for 36% of pre-hypertensive subjects in our cohort. Nearly 2/3 of adults with isolated systolic pre-hypertension were ≥55 years of age, which is consistent with the notion that age-related arterial stiffening,37, 38 possibly reflecting or coincident with age-related increase in salt-sensitivity of blood pressure,16 contributes to pre-hypertension and progression to hypertension.39
In this study, blacks had a 35% greater risk of conversion to hypertension than whites after adjustment for multiple covariables (Table 3). Moreover, the median, age-adjusted conversion time when 50% of the group became hypertensive occurred after only ~1.7 years of follow up in blacks as compared to ~2.7 years in whites (Figure 2). The median conversion time in our study, which did not have standardized BP measurements or visits frequencies, is comparable to the 2.2 years reported for the predominantly white Stage 2 pre-hypertensives in TROPHY, a rigorous clinical trial.3 The longer median conversion time for whites in our study than the overall TROPHY study is expected, since our report included Stage 1 pre-hypertensive and normotensive individuals. On the other hand, patients with diabetes mellitus at baseline were at greater risk for incident hypertension, and TROPHY excluded these patients.
As noted, JNC 7 recommended therapeutic lifestyle change only for most individuals with pre-hypertension. While lifestyle interventions, e.g., DASH, are efficacious in lowering blood pressure in non-hypertensive individuals,13 adoption in the population is limited.15 Even in a relatively intensive clinical efficacy study (TOHP), the relative reduction in progression to hypertension over four years was ~15% with an absolute reduction of 6–7%.40 The relative risk reduction for de novo hypertension over four years was virtually identical to TROPHY patients two years after angiotensin receptor blockade was discontinued.5 At the two year time point when angiotensin receptor blockers were discontinued, the active treatment group developed hypertension at approximately 1/3 the rate of the placebo group (relative risk 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.44, p<0.001). Only 79 of 772 evaluable patients in TROPHY were black, which limits assessment of black-white differences in response to treatment.
This prospective cohort study relied on data in several different electronic health record systems obtained from a variety of outpatient clinical settings in the Southeast U.S. Race ascertainment was not standardized. Unlike the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, blood pressure measurements were not standardized and likely included multiple suboptimal practices.8, 39 And unlike population studies, e.g. the Framingham Heart Study, time between visits was not standardized. Of note, the Framingham report on incident hypertension was based on a single follow-up visit four years after baseline assessment.5 Non-hypertensive patients excluded from the analysis for race unknown or other than black or white differed by age, sex, weight, blood pressure category and prevalence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease. For these and other reasons, our sample and findings may not represent the broader population of non-hypertensive individuals. On the other hand, the data reflect findings in contemporary medical practice among a diverse group of clinical sites in the Southeast U.S. Despite limitations, black race was associated with an accelerated transition from non-hypertensive to hypertensive status with 50% transitioning to hypertension in only 1.7 years vs. 2.7 years in whites. The finding of racial differences in progression from hypertension to pre-hypertension does not necessarily implicate biological differences but can include sociocultural and economic factors.41, 42
Our study findings are potentially relevant to national health goals for reducing prevalent hypertension and improving health equity Healthy People 2000 and 2010 included a goal to reduce the prevalence of hypertension in the U.S. population from 29% to 16%.8, 43, 44 Despite JNC 7 efforts to facilitate a reduction of incident hypertension by resurrecting the 1939 term 'pre-hypertension',1 the lifestyle only focus in pre-hypertension has limited effectiveness in the population.13,14 Perhaps in recognizing this reality, Healthy People 2020 set a more realistic goal of reducing prevalent hypertension to 26.9% for all race groups. Even this dilutional goal is unlikely to be obtained among African Americans, who had an age-adjusted hypertension prevalence of 37.9% in 2007–2008,8 without a safe, widely adopted, and effective pharmacological intervention for slowing the rapid progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension. Given the excess of prevalent hypertension and related complications in blacks,9 their accelerated transition from pre-hypertension to hypertension and greater risk of CVD complications even in the absence of progression,10 this is an opportune time for clinical effectiveness trials addressing these critical issues.
Public health efforts over the past 20 years, focused mainly on therapeutic lifestyle change, have not succeeded in reducing prevalent hypertension or racial differences in prevalent hypertension. Most hypertension progresses from the pre-hypertensive stage, but it was not known if blacks with pre-hypertension progress to hypertension faster than whites. Our study indicates that progression to hypertension is significantly faster in blacks than whites with pre-hypertension. These findings raise the possibility that effective interventions in pre-hypertension could reduce incident hypertension and associated racial differences with longer-term potential to reduce the magnitude of prevalent hypertension and its impact on health disparities.
This work was supported by the State of South Carolina, United States Army W81XWH-10-2-0057, NIH Clinical Translational Science Award 1UL1RR029882, NIH HL091841, NIH DK067615, the American Society of Hypertension, and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
Anbesaw Selassie: None
C. Shaun Wagner: None
Marilyn L Laken: None
M. LaFrance Ferguson: None
Keith C. Ferdinand: Speakers' Bureau at AstraZeneca (<$10,000), Novartis (<$10,000), Forest (<$10,000), and Daiichi-Sankyo (<$10,000); honoraria from AstraZeneca (>$10,000), Novartis (>$10,000), Forest (>$10,000); Consultant/Advisory Board AstraZeneca (<$10,000), Novartis (<$10,000), and Forest (<$10,000).
Brent M. Egan. Grant support: Daiichi-Sankyo (>$50,000), Novartis (>$50,000), Takeda (>$50,000); Lecturer with honoraria on CME-accredited programs: American Society of Hypertension Carolinas-Georgia-Florida Chapter (>$10,000), International Society of Hypertension in Blacks (<$10,000); Consultant: NicOx (<$10,000).
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Knot So Fast
Jakob de Roover, the author of the article 'Untangling the Knot' makes a remarkable contribution to the ongoing debate surrounding Penguin India's withdrawal and pulping of Wendy Doniger's The Hindus: an Alternative History. His article imagines a character—an Indian Hindu man—whose representative status is vague at best. This character encounters versions of Hinduism in his primary school that don't address the reality of his domestic experience of it, versions that eventually fill him with self-loathing. Lacking the intellectual means with which to challenge these representations, he is frustrated and eventually joins his voice to the chorus of the Hindu Right that offers him relief if not explanations. Meanwhile, his daughter, as imagined by de Roover, chooses to study the humanities in the U.S.A and, while enrolled for a PhD in Religious Studies, is "disappointed by the shallowness of the teaching and research". She finds that "Hinduism studies appears to be in a state of theoretical poverty". She refuses "to take on the role of the native informant" and "begins to voice her disagreement with her teachers. This is not appreciated and she soon learns that she has been branded 'Hindutva'."
Nowhere in this article does de Roover offer even a single concrete demonstration of the "shallowness" or "theoretical poverty" of North American Hindu Studies. Moreover, his article rests on the unproven assumption that ethnicity is a factor—indeed the factor—determining current pedagogy in North American Hinduism Studies. On this assumption, the daughter-character necessarily perceives herself as a Hindu. Not only does this not necessarily have to be the case, it should also be obvious that there are infinite ways of being Hindu. Or Muslim. Or anything else. Moreover, de Roover imagines without justification the daughter's teachers to be necessarily only non-native American scholars of Hinduism. These teachers supposedly cast her in the role of the native informant. Apart from the lack of any empirical evidence of this in the article, one wonders what to make of such implicitly essentialist notions of "Hindu", "native" and "non-native"? One doesn't have to have read the theorist of post-colonial identity, Edward Said, to expect a modicum of reflexivity in the use of such categories of identity. Nor does one have to be familiar with the English poetry (that adapted an American Modernist minimalism by discovering its elective affinities with ancient Tamil poetry) and scholarship (bringing European Folklore Studies and semiotics to bear on pre-modern Tamil and Kannada literatures) of the founder of South Asian Studies in the University of Chicago, A.K. Ramanujan, to expect a minimum of intellectual sophistication in not simplistically equating ethnicity with scholarly identity. So much for shallowness and theoretical poverty.
De Roover writes: "For decades now, secularists have set the agenda and funded research projects and centres for 'humiliation and exclusion studies'." Nowhere in his article does he specify what he understands by "secularists", leaving one to wonder what his quarrel with secularists—whatever this label designates—may be.
Elsewhere, he charges North American scholars of religion with identifying only certain questions as "central" to scholarly inquiry into religion and then lists these questions. Again, he fails to demonstrate even one instance of the purported centrality of these questions to this group of academics. To take a random example from among many possible ones, Andrew Nicholson's book, Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual History (2010), doesn't care to even pose the questions de Roover identifies as central. Nor does his book attempt to explain late medieval Hinduism through "Marx and Freud to Foucualt and Zizek". Still less does it "repeat the same story, in a jargon that makes it even more opaque". Rather, it path-breakingly demonstrates that "between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries c.e., certain thinkers began to treat as a single whole the diverse philosophical teachings of the Upanisads, epics, Pur?nas, and the schools known retrospectively as the 'six systems' —saddar?ana— of mainstream Hindu philosophy", thus disproving two theories as to the origins of what we today designate "Hinduism"—that it is as old as the Vedas, as Hindu Nationalists are wont to claim; and that its unity is merely a result of colonial period European Orientalist scholarship, as some academics argued until recently.
That we need new "hypotheses that make sense of current developments in India" can't be denied. That there may be scholarly problems with Doniger's book is also plausible. That we need to be more open than we have been to alternative ways of authoring textbooks is also a welcome suggestion. That banning books and the government's surrender in the face of demands for such bans is abominable can't be asserted enough. But I am surprised that a website as aware of contemporary scholarly currents as Outlook consented to publish an article that maligns all contemporary South Asianist scholarship (except that of S.N. Balagangadhara) with such unsubstantiated claims as the ones I have cited above.
Prashant Keshavmurthy is Assistant Professor of Persian Studies, Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University
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- Daily Mail
'SNB showed that 'Hinduism' either as a religion or as a way of life doesn't exist in India. It just exists as an experiential entity in the Western experience as well as in the semitic experience of India'
There is no such thing as a coherent 'Western' or 'Semitic' experience of India. That's just not possible, unless you believe in telepathy, or some extreme form of Sapir-Whorf silliness or Rupert Sheldrake type mumbo jumbo.
There may be textual 'availability cascades' but, even from my limited reading, I know that in fact, for both Islam & Christianity, such textual 'paramparas' were conflicting ab ovo. Al Maturidi is different from Al Biruni and, arguably, both earlier and more influential. Similarly, the Jesuits who forged a Purana which fooled Voltaire represent a totally different and conflicting textual availability cascade which was just as influential, if not more so, as the Willam Carey type Missionary nonsense that influenced Macaulay.
However, even the search for textual availability cascades doesn't yield a useful research program because people who write books, more especially if they are Professors, tend to be stupid, self-aggrandizing and incapable of any type of honesty, intellectual or otherwise.
Doniger, I suppose, could be placed in a tradition that includes people like Malfatti- at one time very influential- but Doniger didn't read Malfatti. Nonsense doesn't need a Daddy or Mummy, it gives birth to itself by a process that violates Section 322.
BTW was Pollock Prashant's favourite teacher at Columbia?
If so, poor old Prashant still has a long way to go, in the apple polishing dept. before he matches up to the great Vishva Adluri (vide socioproctology.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/vishva-adluri-sheldon-pollock-deep.html) who has shown that Western Indology can move forward from Modi bashing to taking on Adolf Hitler himself by proving that them pesky Hindus wrote some stuff long ago which nice German scientists, studied in a scientific manner, and that turned them totally Nazi coz Pollock said so.
Thus Western Indology can save Western Civilization by defeating Adolf Hitler who is like a real bad guy.
Now you and I know Hitler was defeated 70 years ago and that Western Colonialism stopped being viable around that same time, but the Pollock School pretend otherwise so as to sell their worthless books.
(A German pedant) Grunendahl writes- 'In this endeavour, too, Adluri merely echoes Pollock, who "had set the stage for radically rethinking…[the] scholarly dogmas on India" (257) by declaring that "in a post-colonial and post-Holocaust world,…these traditional foundations and uses of Indology have disappeared,…crumbled" and led to a feeling of "impotence" and "loss of purpose" (Pollock 1993: 111, 113); in short, Indologists "no longer know why they are doing what they do" (88). Consequently, we can only expect an "Indology beyond the Raj and Auschwitz" (114) from "self-consciously responsible scholarship in late twentieth-century America"
"As Pollock's post-Orientalist messianism would have us believe, only late twentieth-century (and now twenty-first-century) America is intellectually equipped to reject and finally overcome Eurocentrism" and "European epistemological hegemony," that is, "a pre-emptive European conceptual framework of analysis [that] has disabled us from probing central features of South Asian life, from pre-western forms of 'national' (or feminist, or communalist, or ethnic) identity or consciousness, pre-modern forms of cultural 'modernism,' pre-colonial forms of colonialism"
Mar 01, 2014 03:18 PM Vivek Iyer, London, United Kingdom
Prashant is worried that Jakob doesn't present the works of Prashant's favorite teacher at Columbia. How to understand this situation. One example (ad hoc one): Jakob maligns all south asian scholars but for SN Balangadhara (SNB). Maybe, this explanation buys this scholar a tenureship or a promotion at Columbia (of course, this is my adhoc explanation too!).
The other way is to look at this is that Jakob may not subscribe to the theoritical stance of other south asian scholars. In other words, not accepting theories of a set of scholars does NOT entail that one is maligning the latter set of scholars.
There are multiple theoretical positions abt religion in south asian studies.
1. God gave mankind a religion (this is the view of Semitic theologies)
2. Every culture has its set of religion (this is the secular translation of the semitic theological theoretical claim).
3. Postcolonials say that British colonialism constructed Hinduism and that Hinduism exists the way Indian railway system exists, after the latter was handed over to Indians after independence.
4. religion (as a phenomenon) is not a cultural universal. This is the claims of SNB research program. SNB showed this via a set of arguments, via building a hypothesis about the phenomenon that religion is. Based on this hypothesis and arguments, SNB showed that 'Hinduism' either as a religion or as a way of life doesn't exist in India. It just exists as an experiential entity in the Western experience as well as in the semitic experience of India. SNB doesn't say that Western scholars, missionaries, travellers, Islamic travellors/rulers have been hallucinating. Instead, his hypothesis explains why (a) religion is not universal, why (b) people from cultures with religion are compelled to see religion everywhere; his research explains this in a non ad hoc fashion.
5. Hindusim exists in India (this is defended by Batra, Rajiv Malhotra and majority of Hindus you encounter
Just because one argues from the theoretical point of (4), it doesn't mean that the defenders of (1), (2), (3) and (5) have been maligned.
Sure, the theoretical view of (4) clubs (1), (2), (3) and (5) as belonging to the the same paradigm but with theoretical differences.
How to settle this theoretical dispute?
By coming up with a theory that explains (in non adhoc fashion) more phenomona that SNB's theory does.
Of course, if you are a PhD student in south asian studies at Columbia, Chicago, and JNU, you won't learn the lesson that to criticize the theory of a competition, one has to come up with a better hypothesis. Just plausibility arguments won't cut it!!
For instance, Rajiv Malhotra, who belongs to (5) criticizes Wendy, etc from his set of theories. However, Jakob and his team does not subscribe to Rajiv's theories. This doesn't mean that Rajiv is maligned. Instead, one can look at Rajivs works and one can see that he presents adhoc explanations.
Where are your Columbia friends, Prashant, the friends that subscribe to one of these theoretical positions: (1), (2), (3) and (5) ? Where are they in this Wendy's affair? Why are they mum? Why are they busy in pseudo-issues like 'free speech", etc. It is like one is appealing to appeal court on the technical grounds (like whether the way collected evidence violates constitution), instead of looking at the deeper issues that Jakob has rised about religion and caste system.
Of course, people like Nivedita menon doesn't know the trivial truth that facts are theory-laden. If this is the level of south asian scholarship, no wonder these people are engaged in "free speech", "ideology driven", "dichotomizing essentialims", "knowledge power dichotmoy".Mar 01, 2014 01:31 PM Peter Veer, san francisco, United States
"This is not to say that Balagangadhara aint as silly as Doniger- the truth is anyone who studies Hinduism in a Western University is either a moron or a careerist credentialist swine."
While that is a fine "even handed" thing to say, it is not entirely easy to study hinduism in Indian universities, or pretty much do any research of worth, which is why Indians need to migrate out of India to study topics that should be studied in India by Indian scholars. The point is that Wendy and her gang of ignorant sycophants worked very hard to shut out any scholarly work that was not from their gang of inbred cretins who called themselves "indologists" while wrongly translating and interpreting sansrit texts and pretending to be experts in sanskrit -- their worst crime is their refusal to engage other scholars in the study of ancient texts in sanskrit and instead descending to name calling such scholars as "fundamentalist hindus" instead of defending their eminently worthless ideas, which anyway slowly were exposed as utter garbage. The behavior of this crowd goes against all norms of scholarly enquiry, which is their worst crime against the institution of research and intellectual integrity. And these cretins have the audacity to question the honesty and integrity of anyone who dares pose questions on their interpretations of sanskrit texts.Mar 01, 2014 02:35 AM Krupakar Kolbatla, Mumbai/Pittsburgh, India
Nowhere in this article does Dr. Keshavmurthy offer even a single concrete demonstration of the absence of "shallowness" or "theoretical poverty" in North American Hindu Studies.
Instead he cites Andrew Nicholson (vide http://socioproctology.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/andrew-nicholsons-unifying-hinduism.html) superbly silly book on Vijnanabhikshu and A.K Ramanujan, who was not a Religious scholar (Pollock says he helped him with his Sanskrit) but rather an Eng Lit Lecturer with a PhD in Linguisitics.
This is not to say that Balagangadhara aint as silly as Doniger- the truth is anyone who studies Hinduism in a Western University is either a moron or a careerist credentialist swine.
Incidentally, Keshavmurthy CAN write very good English and he's a fine Persian scholar but, poor fellow, I think he's terrified of getting labeled as a Hindutva type (Vide http://socioproctology.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/prashant-keshavmurthy-gadamerian-gestapo.html).
The truth is that Hinduism appeals to middle aged men like me not because we suddenly want to march around in khaki knickers but because Hindu scripture and Itihasa is more open to Sciencey stuff. Yuddhishtra, in the Mahabharata, actually has to study Game theory and Probability theory so as to overcome his Vishada and rule as a Just king.
Professors write stupid books because, by and large, Professors ARE stupider than average. It's demoralizing having to teach kids year after year.
In any case, some subjects- Religion, Philosophy, Ethics, Welfare Economics-- are intrisically enstoopidifying (what? that's a word. Look it up).Mar 01, 2014 12:41 AM Vivek Iyer, London, United Kingdom
"Nor does one have to be familiar with the English poetry (that adapted an American Modernist minimalism by discovering its elective affinities with ancient Tamil poetry) and scholarship (bringing European Folklore Studies and semiotics to bear on pre-modern Tamil and Kannada literatures) of the founder of South Asian Studies in the University of Chicago, A.K. Ramanujan, to expect a minimum of intellectual sophistication in not simplistically equating ethnicity with scholarly identity."
And that's just one sentence. The author is in dire need of a lesson in writing simple, lucid English.
@11, Peter Veer:
Hear, hear!Feb 27, 2014 04:13 PM , ,
@10, Krupakar:
One of the problems in social sciences is that it is full of arguments. And these social scientists claim that social sciences can't be 'hard' sciences. Just because the current paradigm (program or tradition--depends on whose philosophy of sciences) can't produce more than arguments, they (the dominat 99.999% of social scientists) say that the sciences of man and society can't ever rise to that level of natural sciences. Sure, they have even built philoosophical arguments to that effect. This is the tradition that the critics of Jakob belong.
There is another way to look at the current state of social sciences. Why they are not able to produce knowledge--that is, produce knowledge in terms of building a hypothesis, (a) which explains phenomena in NON AD HOC fasion, (b) which can generate new problems, (c) which can show us surprising phenomena, etc.
Check these articles for a way of an answer to the latter.
1. Why social sciences have not risen to the level of natural sciences
2. Negative portrayals of non-Western cultures like India: secularization of Christianity
3. Why the project of Rajiv Malhotra ('Westology' or 'Reversing the gaze' would fail?
The above three articles are for non-academics.
For the academics:
The future of the present: thinking through Orientalism
Reconceptualizing the postcolonial project: Beyond the stricture and structures of OrientalismFeb 27, 2014 05:43 AM Peter Veer, san francisco, United States
Peter Veer: "How to choose between P and "not P" ? Of course, non-epistemic considerations: toeing the line of the people who have influenced you, and the dominant paradigm,"
Wendy and her sycophants use another old trick in the book of anthropologists and sociologists with the argument: "there is no one real answer, there it is okay for me to ignore all data and pull out this theory out of this dark orifice, because you know, this is just as valid as any other theory that maybe based on valid interpretations of data". Unlike hard science, where interpretations of data are more rigid and cannot be fiddled around with, the social sciences and economics have the luxury of randomly assigning different priorities to available data, and jumping to convenient conclusions. Even all this is acceptable, provided the Wendys and the Niveditas of this world have the intellectual honestly to objectively consider other scholarly views and data and defend their ideas, but that is not what we have seen with Wendy and her "indologist" crowd, which also includes the alleged "historian" Romila Thapar.Feb 27, 2014 12:23 AM Krupakar Kolbatla, Mumbai/Pittsburgh, India
Why am I not surprised that this academic joins in the "debate" by proclaiming, "no I will not consider an anti-thetical point of view and dismantle it, because that is my prerogative". And yet, I am sure all of these academics would teach you about Hegel's thesis-antithesis concept and pretend that he knows all. If this likes of Prashant Keshavamurthy want to preserve a modicum of respect given to professional academics, he and his ilk need to put up will better arguments than "Jakob Roover and Balagangadhar are hindu ideologists, and I do not deserve a response".
"But I am surprised that a website as aware of contemporary scholarly currents as Outlook consented to publish an article that maligns all contemporary South Asianist scholarship (except that of S.N. Balagangadhara) with such unsubstantiated claims as the ones I have cited above."
That is because the likes of Wendy Doniger, Nivedita Menon, Rini Bhattacharya and this Prashant here have shied away from professionally addressing valid question raised about their methodology and their conclusion -- the reason their work is rubbished is because they do not have a valid response to the questions raised by SNB, and this seems like they are avoiding the question because they already know they are wrong and their theories are just figments of their own imagination, not supported by any evidence and certainly unable to withstand the learned scrutiny of the likes of Prof. Roover and Prof. SNB.
If the shoe fits....Feb 27, 2014 12:16 AM Krupakar Kolbatla, Mumbai/Pittsburgh, India
@Peter Veer,
Thanks for the well-written comments and links on this issue. The knots are indeed many and formidable. Its a pity that painstaking work like that of Jakob De Roover is trashed with the usual "revolutionary, down-trodden, subalttern" clichès. I am struck by the alacrity with which the usual suspects responded to Roover. They are uninterested in untangling the knots.
It would be good of people like you to submit articles to Outlook with such arguments. It helps them sell ;-). The other possibility is to point to your blog, if any.Feb 26, 2014 03:04 PM Tearful Onion, Jhumri Talaiyya, India
usual suspect. one only has to look at where they are employed to guess their motivation.Feb 26, 2014 12:44 PM nandakumar, chennai, india
- Nitish Kumar To Take Oath as CM of Bihar Tomorrow
- Congress 'Disappointed' over Nitish's Resignation
- Not in Favour of Mid-Term Polls in Bihar: BJP
- Wonderful, Precise And Very Cool: How Do Our Money Up-Chucking Machines Work?
- "I'm Only Passing Through" 10 Leonard Cohen Songs That You Must Listen To
- Blackout For NDTV Stirs The Media
- Daily Curator: The Dominion Of Misunderstood Men Over Headlines
- Daily Curator: Of Holes Being Poked Into The Bhopal Encounter And The Origins Of Chyawanprash
- Watch: Viral Video Has Man Lighting Up A Line Of Crackers Attached To His Mouth
- SBI Report Suggests Introduction of New Rs.200 Notes To Fill Missing Middle, Says RBI Has 'Put Orders For It'
- Barkha Dutt Slams Mentor Company NDTV Over Use Of MoJo
- Was India's First Dalit President K.R. Narayanan Really A Christian?
- Syed Ali Shah Geelani, Family Amassed Wealth Worth Crores Of Rupees, Own Benami Properties: NIA


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I was born in Westminster, CA in 1978 and was raised in Orange County along with my two younger sisters by our mom. We attended Sunday school as kids and went to midweek studies pretty regularly and I believe I was saved when I was about 8 years old. As I got a little older, school, sports and life in general became a distraction and I drifted from the Lord. In 1995 I attended an outreach with my family and was so convicted by the Holy Spirit that I responded to the invitation to go forward after the message. Unfortunately, I made the same mistake that many believers do- I didn't pursue my relationship with Jesus by finding a church to plug in to and be discipled. Temptation got the better of me and I lived my teens and early 20's in rebellion to God. I struggled with all of the things that plague many young men-alcohol, lust and anger-to name a few.
By God's grace and mercy, I met my wife Lina in 2001 and we were married just under a year later. We failed to find peace in our marriage for the first year and knew that only God could show us how to love each other the way He intended. We began to look for a church home and tried many places before we found Brave Heart in 2007. Since surrendering my life to Christ, He has set me free from the bondage of sin, and has given me as He promises, "life more abundantly" (John 10:10). I believe that God guided every step of my life and has even used the things I experienced while living in rebellion for His good purpose (Prov. 16:9, Romans 8:28).
I am so amazed at the Lord's grace in allowing me an opportunity to serve at Roots Community Church. There is no doubt that He chooses to use the foolish and weak things to show Himself wise and mighty (1 Cor. 1:25-27)!
I was born and raised in Southern California where I spent most of my younger years growing up in the small town of Yucca Valley. After high school I moved to Orange County to pursue a college degree. My mom, who raised us kids, introduced me to Christ at a young age but unfortunately as life progressed I found myself beginning to shift my attention from creator to creation. Because of this shift I've learned my share of tough lessons along the way. Today I live with the realization that it is by God's grace alone that I stand redeemed and forgiven.
I finished school and have enjoyed serving at Roots Community Church along side my wife. My wife and I share the same passion for the gospel and enjoy telling others about the grace we have received. It is the love of Christ that compels us. (2 Corinthians 5:14)
6:30pm 3155 Killybrooke Lane Costa Mesa CA, 92626Read Full Post
Since we've made the announcement regarding RI (Roots Institute) the response has been overwhelmingly positive. There have also been some helpful follow up questions that I imagine will function as FAQ's in the future. This brief post is an attempt to answer two of those helpful questions that have shown up in various forms theseRead Full Post
Celebrating the glory of God by equipping the saints for gospel ministry We are excited to announce the launch of The Roots Institute in 2017. The Roots Institute is an effort to mature our church in the call to make disciples by reinforcing the central and historic doctrines of the Christian faith and equipping theRead Full Post


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|[FAQ] jGuru FAQ Update
|Sat, 20 Oct 2001 00:22:37 GMT
jGuru maintains FAQs and Forums on Servlets, JSP, and Tomcat (as well as many other Java topics). Here is an automated update on recent postings to Tomcat-related FAQs. Please direct flames and feedback to email@example.com . - Alex -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SPONSORED BY developerWorks need it? get it. tools, code and tutorials for open-standards based development. Stay informed with dW's weekly email newsletter http://www.jguru.com/misc/register_devworks.jsp?src=notify --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hi. You asked to be notified weekly when certain jGuru.com items get new entries. You can shut email notification off at the FAQ home page(s) or: http://www.jguru.com/guru/notifyprefs.jsp ++ JavaServer Pages (JSP) FAQ: http://www.jguru.com/faq/JSP How to return a value from a servlet to a JSP? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524336 ++ Servlets FAQ: http://www.jguru.com/faq/Servlets Can we capture clickstreams using servlets? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524483 How can I call a servlet from a regular Java application? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524479 How do I play a sound on the <b>server</b> from inside a servlet? The Java Sound API doesn't seem to work. http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524475 When downloading a PDF document that is less than 8000 bytes long, the document is downloaded but is not displayed. How can I fix this? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524472 After HttpSession.invalidate() is called I expect the next getSession call should return a new session with a different session id. However, it returns the same sessionid ??? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524347 When using URLConnection to upload an object from applet to servlet, the servlet's doGet method is never executed. Why? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524345 How to return a value from a servlet to a JSP? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524336 Can i setup Tomcat to run inside the web server process itself (on Netscape/IIS?), instead of running it as a separate process. Do there something available i can use or do i have to write my own JNI code for this? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=520057 ++ Tomcat FAQ: http://www.jguru.com/faq/Tomcat How do I configure Tomcat so that my error messages come up in a file, not in the console? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=525459 Why do I get an IllegalStateException when using <jsp:include> on a css or js file? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=525430 Does Tomcat 4 have a GUI? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524503 My Tomcat 3.x server is routinely being attacked by nimda. Of course it has no effect, but I'm getting a little tired of it and want to track down where the attacks are coming from. Is there a way to configure Tomcat to display IP addresses when it logs errors in tomcat.log? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524501 How do I integrate Tomcat 4.0 with Apache? The documentation is sparse. http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524500 How do I determine a class's file location at runtime? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=524494 Can i setup Tomcat to run inside the web server process itself (on Netscape/IIS?), instead of running it as a separate process. Do there something available i can use or do i have to write my own JNI code for this? http://www.jguru.com/misc/faqtrampoline.jsp?src=notify&EID=520057
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Author | Ashish Singh | Friday, Jul 09,2004 8:05 AM
For automobile majors it appears to be the season of makeovers. Maruti unveiled its new-look Esteem, Tata Motors followed suit by launching the Sumo Victa, and for our new readers, the grand-daddy of the Indian automobile sector, Hindustan Motors, unveiled the retro-upgraded 'Ambassador Avigo' at the first ever Kolkata Auto Fair in february this year. Ambassador, HM's flagship brand, has been an icon on Indian roads since 1957.
Satish Burman, Vice-president, Hindustan Motors Limited, said, "With restyled exteriors and refurbished interiors, the Avigo has a completely new retro look alongwith upgraded technical features that make it a truly contemporary car."
The Avigo will be available with the 1.8-litre strong Isuzu MPFI petrol engine and the 2.0-litre diesel engine. It will also have an Isuzu MSG5T five-speed gearbox.
Soni Shrivastav, General Manager-Corporate Communications, CK Birla Group, observed that the general perception is that the Ambassador is a taxi or a chauffer-driven car. "Coming out with a new variant or upgrading a model is an ongoing activity. Every year when there is a new model, the effort is to make the car as contemporary as possible. Avigo is being positioned as a top-end model based on consumer feedback that the Ambassador is acceptable with a contemporary look. So we came up with Avigo." Shrivastav commented.
The Ambassador was last upgraded in October when it was called as the 'Ambassador Grand'. Avigo boasts of a remote gearshift arrangement, power steering and a new acoustic package that has been developed in association with Treves of France. Are you toying with the idea of changing the shape of Ambassador? "The moment we play with the shape of the Ambassador, it would cease to be an ambassador of Indian roads." Shrivastav said.
The car has a new grille, head and tail lamps and wraparound bumpers. Tail-light pods have been redesigned to give the car a fresh look. It comes with alloy wheels, and has increased fuel efficiency and improved brake performance. The Avigo has been priced at Rs 4.98 lakh (petrol) and Rs 4.77 lakh (diesel) ex-showroom Kolkata.


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To make reservations by phone, dial freephone 0800 221 222 in the UK, 1 800 409 929 in Ireland, or view our regional telephone reservation numbers.
Let those in the know show you around town
The what, when and where on local happenings, special events and more
Fitness classes: Fee
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Locally popular 18 Hole Par 70 golf course located in Grand Rapids
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Identification of these resources is solely for the convenience of our guests. Neither Marriott International, Inc. nor any of its affiliates or franchisees endorses or is a sponsor of these resources.


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Former LSU standout offensive lineman La'el Collins, who had been projected as a first-round pick in Thursday night's NFL draft as recently as Monday, will be meeting with Baton Rouge homicide detectives as part of the department's investigation into the recent killing of a pregnant woman, police said.
Although police do not have any suspects in the fatal shooting of 29-year-old Brittney Mills, nor have they released any possible motives for the killing, Collins' mere association with the woman's death draped his draft status in enough uncertainty that his agent asked the NFL to withdraw Collins from the selection process just hours before it began, FoxSports.com reported Thursday.
The effort proved fruitless, the website reported, when the NFL rejected the agent's request.
Collins went undrafted Thursday night.
Ever since Tuesday, when police first revealed that detectives wanted to speak with Collins regarding the death of the woman with whom he had some sort of relationship, few new details have emerged about the killing of Mills.
Mills was shot multiple times in "the upper body" last Friday night after answering the door at her Ship Drive apartment, police said, likely by someone she knew. It appeared she refused a request by the shooter to use her vehicle and then was shot, police have said.
Mills, who died at the scene, was rushed to a hospital where her unborn son was delivered in stable condition.
Cpl. Don Coppola Jr., a police spokesman, said Thursday that detectives originally reached out to Collins' family and his agent on Saturday in an effort to speak with him. It wasn't until Thursday that Collins through a representative agreed to speak with them after the draft, police said, and detectives have yet to hear from Collins himself.
Collins is one of many people who will be interviewed as part of the investigation into Mills' death, police have said. His attorney, Jim Boren, said Wednesday that he would not be commenting further on the matter.
Boren had previously said Collins was not in Baton Rouge when Mills was killed on April 24. The attorney said a private investigative company was hired to prove Collins was out of town and therefore couldn't have shot Mills.
The nature of the relationship between Mills and Collins hasn't been made clear except to the extent that the two knew each other.
Mills' sister, Tia T. Mills, pleaded Tuesday for anyone with information about her sister's death to come forward. She said her sister was a kind, loving person whose two children — the newborn son and a 10-year-old daughter — must now grow up motherless.
Follow Ben Wallace, @_BenWallace, and Ross Dellenger, @DellengerAdv, on Twitter.


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Double Steam Jet; 4 Steam Levels Ready in 4 minutes; Ready Steam
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Monster 2 in 1 is a portable vacuum cleaner that becomes a
A real Wet and Dry vacuum cleaner cordless and compact. Built in
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1600 watts of power and electronic adjustment make this vacuum
Monster 20 Baby Superclean practical and easy to handle, this
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Super Monster. Portable high-performance vacuum cleaner besides
It never says no and never makes you wait. It's Monster 45 the
Developed for frequent household use, Monster 50 is one of the
SC60 completes the Superclean family; it can be used as a


text: There is no low limit on age, as babies are born in an airplane and newborns ride often with no difficulty. Separate tickets are required when a separate seat is required. To ride without parental care depends on airline policy but generally anyone able to ride without disturbing others is allowed to do so.


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You have not viewed any products recently.
Share This Product
71.4% would recommend this item to a friend.
2 out of 3 people found the following review helpful:
What are the pros? unusual
What are the cons? not a lot of fruit
only 4 made it to harvest from 6 seed, not good enough for next year.This squash should cost $10. ea due to the ground I used to grow them. Very nice flavor, sweet meat dark orange.
Would you recommend this product to a friend?
1 out of 1 people found the following review helpful:
What are the pros? It so unusual.
What are the cons? not as prolific as others
This seed was given to me and it looks are enough to try it. haven't eaten it yet but the vines are not going to give you a lot of fruit set. I only got 3 maybe 4, very large 4-5 lbs, could have been more but heavy drought in our region, not a lot of rain at all. Will try again next year
Would you recommend this product to a friend?
12 out of 12 people found the following review helpful:
What are the pros?
What are the cons?
This will be my first year to actually grow the Triamble, but I have eaten it before. Bought one as a Halloween decoration; it kept SO well over the months that I decided to keep it for cooking. I divided the three lobes and froze them. Has beautiful dark orange flesh. Just lately I thawed out two lobes to use in a chicken & kale recipe from Whole Foods. It was fantastic! Not as sweet as butternut but not as bland as some pumpkins.
8 out of 8 people found the following review helpful:
I grew this one in the summer of 2010, and I still have a couple I keep around for decoration. I recently cut into one of them - it's a little drier now of course but the flesh was just fine. It does need a good start to mature in time; I planted a couple last year rather late, and none of them matured enough to keep.
5 out of 6 people found the following review helpful:
Our first year with one packet of these was fantastic. A variety of sizes and the most popular item at our Farmer's Market stand. Ordering more seeds this year!


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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
We'll match your job to the relevant tradesmen in your area - those interested will pay to see your contact details and call you to quote.
As each tradesman expresses interest in quoting on your job, we'll send you their profile and ratings to help you choose the right one for you.
After the work is complete, return to the site and rate your tradesman based on their quality of work, reliability and value for money.
Added 27/02/2016
Front of house to be repointed where needed. Scaffolding up already
Added 12/11/2013
Services required: repair a garden wall Approximate length of wall: less than 5m Height of...
Added 13/03/2012
remove part of front wall to widen gate to allow access for motorcycle
Added 19/09/2010
Approx. 10 mtrs length required to a height of approx 3 to 4 mtrs in one area.
Added 08/09/2009
c.4mwide, 1-2mdeep across front of garden next to pavement, plus c.2m low wall adjacent to...
Sebastian and his colleagues were fantastic. They completed the required work quickly and to a very high standard. The price quoted was just right. The team turned up on time and cleaned up after themselves - leaving the area in a much better state than when they had started. I would have no hesitation in recommending Sebastian and his team, indeed we are looking for them to do further work for us, and we have recommended them widely to neighbours.
Excellent workmanship. So good in fact we have asked him to do a lot more work for us. Friendly, conscientious, clean and tidy.
Stuart worked very hard and finished the job to a high standard and a fair price. Would highly recommend
Matt did a brilliant job repointing two walls of our house at a competitive price. I wouldn't hesitate to use him again in future.
Very professional in all areas and did an excellent job. They shared some good ideas about the future development of our garden along the way too. We will be using them again in the future.
Managing your job is easier with the Rated People Homes App, download it today.


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THE strong start to the year for Australia's property market petered out during February with the latest national figures revealing no price growth for the month.
On a state by states basis some capital cities did see values rise, although few had substantial increases.
Hobart was the best performer during the month with its values increasing 1.4 per cent to a median dwelling price of $325,550.
Sydney values went up 0.8 per cent and Darwin 0.7 per cent.
Values went backwards in Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Canberra during the month, although all capital cities still experienced increases over the year.
RP Data research director Tim Lawless said the results showed that Australia's combined capital cities had "taken a breather'' during February recording zero month to month growth.
This was on the back of eight successive monthly increases where dwelling values rose by almost 10 per cent.
Mr Lawless said despite the quiet month, the latest figures had taken capital city dwelling values to 4.8 per cent higher than their previous peak in October 2010.
"The likelihood is that the weak reading for February is an adjustment from the strong readings in December and January rather than the beginning of a flat or negative growth phase across the macro level housing market,'' he said.
Other figures had revealed that buyer demand was still strong in February as were auction clearance rates and average selling times.
"Our view is that the housing market conditions will start to wind down later this year as affordability constraints and low rental yields dampen market conditions.''
"Additionally with a belief that mortgages rates are likely to start tightening later this year, it may help to quell some of the exuberance we have been seeing.''
How capital city values performed in February
Adelaide — -0.2%
Brisbane — -2%
Canberra — -0.8%
Darwin — 0.7%
Hobart — 1.4%
Melbourne — -0.2%
Perth — -0.2%
Sydney — 0.8%


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The price of gold continues to decline and in the near future will probably reach a strong level of $ 1,200 per troy ounce. The reasons for the drop in prices remain the strengthening of the American currency due to the tightening of monetary policy in the United States and risk of decline associated with a referendum on independence in Scotland, where voted to keep a united UK. Growth on the stock markets makes gold less attractive to investors, but demand for the metal increased by Asian consumers, who are starting to buy gold due to low metal prices. Among the factors that may contribute to the increase in gold prices should be noted the tense situation in the east of Ukraine and a possible correction on the stock markets of the world. We expect that the buying will be resumed around the levels of 1180-1200 and forecast the price growth in the medium term.
The price of Light sweet crude oil continues to fall gradually against the dollar strengthening and growth of oil reserves in the United States. Thus, stocks are expected to increase in the coming weeks due to planned servicing the equipment of refineries in the United States before the winter. Despite this demand for oil will increase in the winter. In addition, it is worth noting that OPEC announced the possibility of reducing the level of production to maintain the price of oil, although the volume of production in Libya again fell. We maintain a medium-term negative outlook for oil and recommend holding short positions.


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Grab your passport and get ready for camping adventures all year long. Track your journey on your way to summer camp and earn a special totem for your honor necklace for collecting stamps.
There will be special Passport Stations at weekend camping events throughout the year to get your passports stamped and to participate in special dinosaur themed activities!
Download your Passport here.
To keep the excitement about camp going all year long, we're providing modified meeting plans from the Wolf Den Leader Guide. Just substitute the listed meeting plans and make sure to mark off in the Cub Scouts' Passport each month as we prepare for summer camp!
The Wolf Den Leader Guide is available at the Scout Shop and provides easy to follow meeting plans.


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MOVIES CAN DO A LOT OF THINGS -- make us laugh, make us cry, make us think. But chief among the singular gifts of cinema is the ability to take viewers to worlds they otherwise would never get to visit. And that's precisely the mission of the All Roads Film Festival, which gets underway on Thursday at National Geographic headquarters. The four-day showcase will also include still photography and music from indigenous artists all over the world. Opening night will be dedicated to Tibet, with the singer Yungchen Lhamo performing before a screening of "Milarepa," about the country's greatest Buddhist mystic. The presentation begins at 7 p.m. Programs will continue throughout the weekend and will include films from the Arctic North ("Arctic Son"), the Pacific islands ("Time and Tide," "Mauna Kea: Temple Under Siege") and the Middle East ("Zero Degrees of Separation," "The Last Supper -- Abu Dis," "Make a Wish"). There will also be special programs devoted to films about women, and a series of animated films.
-- Ann Hornaday
All screenings take place at National Geographic's Grosvenor Auditorium, 1600 M St. NW. Admission to single screenings is $8 ($6 for National Geographic members, students and seniors; $4 for 12 and under). Festival passes may be purchased for $63 ($45 for members). Call 202-857-7700 or visithttp:/
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT Charles Lang Freer or Theodore Roosevelt would think of the activities around the 100th anniversary of Freer's gift of art to the country. But somehow we think Roosevelt, the outdoorsman who persuaded Freer in 1906 to part with his priceless collection of Asian and American art, would approve of the blending of East and West that will take place. It starts with a Yoga on the Mall happening Saturday at 8 a.m. in front of the majestic gallery. Tai chi and martial arts demonstrations are planned, as well as gallery tours. In the afternoon, about two dozen musicians from around the globe will gather for a festival of world sacred music. As the sun sets, a sake tasting will take place and then performances by barrier-breaking comics Vijai Nathan and Frank Hong. We can bet the ghosts of Freer and Roosevelt will be laughing.
-- Jacqueline Trescott
At the Freer Gallery on the National Mall -- Jefferson Drive at 12th Street SW. Saturday. All events are free. For the comedy show, free tickets are required and may be picked at the gallery at 6 p.m. Tickets may be ordered for will-call pickup through Ticketmaster (a $4 service charge is applied). Call Ticketmaster at 202-397-7328 or visithttp:/
HERE'S AN INTERESTING PROGRESSION : Street dance goes from South Central Los Angeles to film to . . . Strathmore? That's the case for Tommy the Clown, rainbow-wig-wearing star of the hit documentary "Rize," which captured the angry power and competitiveness of krumping and clown dancing. It worked on the streets, it worked on the screen, but will it work on a concert stage? That remains to be seen, as Tommy and his Hip Hop Clowns launch their national tour.


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- phosphorus
- noun Usage: often attributive Etymology: New Latin, from Greek phōsphoros light-bearing — more at phosphor Date: 1645 1. a phosphorescent substance or body; especially one that shines or glows in the dark 2. (also phosphorous) a nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs widely especially as phosphates — see element table
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.


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A small jet crashed into a building in Ohio as it was on its way to Akron Fulton International Airport, leaving nine passengers dead.
The plane, carrying seven passengers and two crew members, crashed at the intersection of Mogadore and Skleton roads in eastern Akron and smashed into an apartment building, causing an explosion.
Coincidentally, a Snapchat user who claimed to be living in "that apartment complex" was filming herself at the moment when she saw the plane crash.
@fox8news I live in that apartment complex and I was snap chatting while the crash happened coincidently! pic.twitter.com/QtMJcQsH86 — ¥PAIGE¥ (@paigeey_kinns15)
November 10, 2015
In the short video clip, Paige McVeigh is seen making faces in the camera, when she suddenly sees a large flash of light and explosion, and says "oh my god" before the video goes off.
While the teen says she lives at the apartment complex next to where the crash happened, an Akron Fire Department spokeswoman said no one was inside the small brick apartment or the neighboring home that caught fire. Therefore, it is unclear as to where McVeigh really was when the crash took place.
Read more: Rich Kids Take Over Snapchat, Flaunting Apple Watches And Euro Tissues
State Highway Patrol Lieutenant Bill Haymaker said "due to the severity of the fire," it was difficult to know why the plane came down.
The plane also brought down several power lines, causing a power outage in the Tallmadge area for about 1,500 people.
Both the Federal Aviation Administration and National Transportation Safety Board are looking into the cause of the crash.


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Oxygen Theme Picture
Hi I have some question about the picture disply under Oxygen Theme.
1. If I post a blog without any picture, and choose to post it as a secondary location. So in the front page, it will appear under the <more article> section without any pictures. But when I click into the blog page, there will be a black frame appears. Is there a way to get rid of the blank box?
2. If I post a blog as a feature and it appears in my slide. But is there any way that I can get rid of the feature picture on top of my blog (above my blog title)?
My blog is tenoclockwine.com
Thanks, Veronica
- The topic 'Oxygen Theme Picture' is closed to new replies.