text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 26, 1995
|Filing date
|Dec 19, 1994
|Priority date
|Dec 19, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Paul Lum, Michael Greenstein, Belinda Kendle
|Original Assignee
|Lum; Paul, Greenstein; Michael, Kendle; Belinda
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (6), Classifications (18), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates generally to piezoelectric membranes and more particularly to positioning circuitry for processing electrical signals to and from a piezoelectrically active region of a membrane.
Ultrasonic devices may be used in a wide variety of applications. For example, a hydrophone is a type of acoustic pressure sensor for calibrating an ultrasonic transducer of the type used in medical diagnosis and therapy. Calibration of the ultrasonic transducer can be achieved by directing waves from the transducer to the hydrophone. The hydrophone is operated to provide a quantitative assessment of the characteristics of the ultrasonic field that is created by the transducer in a liquid, such as water.
One type of hydrophone is referred to as a membrane hydrophone, which typically includes a thin film that is held in a taut condition by a rigid hoop. U.S. Pat. No. 4,653,036 to Harris et al. describes a membrane hydrophone having a circular sheet of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) having a thickness of approximately 25 μm. At the center of the PVDF sheet is a piezoelectrically active spot. A fine diameter wire is connected to the active spot at one end and is connected to a coaxial connector at the other end. The coaxial connector is fixed to the hoop that supports the sheet. Electrical signals to and from the active spot pass through the coaxial connector and an attached cable for processing by external electronics.
It is known in the industry that the diameter of the active spot affects the performance of the hydrophone. A decrease in spot size produces some desired effects, but increases the electrical impedance of the hydrophone. The thickness of the membrane also affects performance. Reducing the thickness increases the maximum frequency of the hydrophone. However, the reduction in thickness renders the hydrophone more susceptible to damage, particularly during manufacture.
The advantage of including a preamplifier has been recognized. U.S. Pat. No. 5,035,247 to Heimann describes a preamplifier that is connected to a piezoelectric sensor by a short cable. The preamplifier has an output connected to a processor unit by a longer cable. Preamplification is also described by DeReggi et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,400 and in "Piezoelectric Polymer Probe for Ultrasonic Applications," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 69, No. 3, March 1981, pages 853-859. DeReggi et al. teach that the preamplifier may be mechanically attached at the inside diameter of the hoop that supports the piezoelectric membrane. The hoop-supported preamplifier is electrically connected by conductive epoxy material to a metallization on the membrane. The metallization extends from the preamplifier to an electrode on the active spot of the hydrophone. From the preamplifier, connection is made to a coaxial connector or the like.
A conventional membrane hydrophone typically has a diameter of approximately 100 mm. Reducing the diameter of the hydrophone may increase perturbations created by the hydrophone. On the other hand, reducing the diameter places the hoop-supported preamplifier closer to the active region, increasing the effectiveness of the preamplifier. U.S. Pat. No. 5,339,290 to Greenstein, which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention, describes a membrane hydrophone having an outer membrane supporting an interior transducer membrane that includes the piezoelectrically active region of the hydrophone. The structure of the outer membrane can be selected based upon achieving mechanical characteristics, while the structure of the transducer membrane can be selected to maximize acoustic and electrical characteristics. Greenstein cites polyimide as an acceptable material for forming the outer suspension membrane. Because it is selected for its mechanical properties, Greenstein teaches that a preamplifier may be formed on the outer suspension membrane. Thus, the preamplifier is brought closer to the active region.
While the dual-membrane hydrophone device of Greenstein decreases the signal loss by placing the amplifier closer to the active region, it does so at the expense of increasing the complexity of manufacture. However, the rationale within the transducer industry is that sacrifices related to manufacturing complexity or sacrifices related to signal loss must be made in order to achieve goals such as increasing the maximum frequency.
What is needed is an acoustic device, such as a hydrophone, and a method of forming the acoustic device such that performance is enhanced without substantial increases in manufacturing complexity.
The invention provides an acoustic device in which an electronic circuit, such as a preamplifier, is fully mechanically supported by a piezoelectric membrane. In the preferred embodiment, the piezoelectric membrane has a thickness of less than ten microns and has a poled piezoelectrically active region with a diameter of less than 100 microns. Within these dimensions, the acoustic device may be used in high frequency, high performance applications.
The piezoelectric membrane is secured in a taut condition and includes signal lines printed along at least one surface of the membrane. The signal lines may be formed using integrated circuit fabrication techniques. Also formed on the surface of the membrane is an electrode that is aligned with the piezoelectrically active region. An input/output signal extends from the electrode to an inactive region. The electronic circuit is electrically connected to the input/output signal line from the electrode. Electrical connection between the circuit and the signal line may be formed by a conductive epoxy.
Because the circuit is bonded directly to the membrane at the inactive region, circuitry for providing amplification and impedance matching can be positioned proximate to the active region. In the preferred embodiment, the circuitry is less than 25.4 mm from the active region, thereby reducing signal loss from the small diameter active region to an acceptable level.
While the circuit may be fabricated directly onto the membrane, the preferred embodiment is one in which a previously fabricated preamplifier is bonded onto the surface of the membrane.
The acoustic device is formed by patterning a metallic layer on a membrane surface to define the signal lines. Optionally, signal lines may be formed on both major surfaces of the membrane. A selected region of the membrane is then poled to align ferroelectric dipoles, thereby providing the active region for converting energy between an electrical signal and an acoustic signal. Discrete and integrated components are electrically and structurally bonded directly to the membrane. A potting material is then utilized to protect the on-membrane circuitry and to increase the structural stability of the transducer device.
An advantage of the invention is that the on-membrane circuitry permits a conventionally sized hydrophone to have an active region with a diameter of less than 100 μm. The positioning of on-membrane circuitry with respect to the active region permits amplification prior to attenuation that might otherwise render a generated signal insufficiently reliable. Another advantage is that because the diameter of the active region can be reduced to less than 100 μm, and preferably to less than 50 μm, the transducer device is usable for intravascular applications.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a transducer device in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a portion of the transducer device of FIG. 1, taken along lines 2--2.
FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic of a preamplifier for use with the transducer device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of process steps for fabricating the transducer device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of a hoop structure for maintaining the membrane of FIG. 1 in a taut condition.
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a transducer membrane 10 is shown as including a hoop structure 12 that supports an annular transducer membrane 14. The transducer membrane is formed of a piezoelectric material and is held in a taut condition by the hoop structure. This may be accomplished by a compressive force at the outside diameter of the membrane.
In the preferred embodiment, the transducer device 10 is a hydrophone. An acceptable material for forming the membrane 14 is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), but the PVDF copolymer polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) is preferred. The copolymer is preferred because of its flexibility with regard to a poling process for aligning ferroelectric dipoles of the piezoelectric material. However, PVDF-TrFE is a fragile material when reduced to the dimensions to be described below.
At a center of the membrane 14 is an electrode 16. The electrode is circular and has dimensions that correspond with a piezoelectrically active region 20, shown in FIG. 2. A combination of heat and electrical bias is used to align the ferroelectric dipoles of the active region 20. After the dipoles have been generally aligned, the temperature is reduced to maintain the alignment. The active region 20 is then capable of efficient conversion of electrical energy to acoustic energy and conversion of acoustic energy to electrical energy.
At the bottom of the active region 20 is a second electrode 22, which may be part of a ground plane. The electrodes 16 and 22 are used to apply signals across the active region 20 and to receive electrical energy generated at the active region.
A first signal line 18 extends from the top electrode 16 to a via 24 through the membrane 14. The bottom electrode 22 is connected to a second signal line 26. Both the via 24 and the second signal line 26 are joined to a surface mountable device 28 having circuitry for processing electrical signals. In the preferred embodiment, the surface mountable device includes a preamplifier for amplifying signals and achieving an impedance match with external circuitry. Optionally, the surface mountable preamplifier may be replaced with a circuit that is formed directly onto the membrane 14 using integrated circuit fabrication techniques. Techniques for forming the signal lines 18 and 26 and the electrodes 16 and 22 will be described more fully below.
An output line 30 extends from the surface mountable preamplifier 28 to a region for connection to a signal connector 32. A cable, such as a 50 ohm cable, may be attached to the signal connector 32 for channeling signals to external processing equipment, not shown.
Also shown in FIG. 1 are power lines 34 and 36 that attach to DC power plugs 38 and 40. In FIG. 3, a preamplifier circuit 42 is shown as including the first and second signal lines 18 and 26, the output line 30, and the two power lines 34 and 36. A preamplifier circuit is obtainable from Analog Devices under the part number AD9630. Such a circuit is a low distortion, 750 MHz wideband close loop buffer amplifier having a high impedance input and a low impedance output. While not shown, the power lines 34 and 36 should be decoupled to a ground trace or a ground plane. Decoupling may be achieved by use of 0.1 pf surface mounted capacitors.
Because the surface mountable device 28 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is mounted directly onto the membrane 14, the transducer device 10 may be formed with a greater emphasis on transducer performance and less emphasis on mechanical stability, as compared to prior art transducer devices. In the preferred embodiment, the thickness of the membrane 14 is less than 10 μm. For example, a high frequency hydrophone may be formed using a membrane 14 having a thickness of 4 μm and having a membrane-supported preamplifier 28. The diameter of the active region may be less than 100 μm, and is preferably less than 50 μm. The preamplifier 28 should be less than 25.4 mm from the active region 20, so that the signal loss from the small-diameter region of the thin membrane falls within an acceptable level.
A fabrication procedure for forming the transducer device 10 is set forth in FIG. 4. In a first step, the membrane film 44 is prepared for subsequent processing. The preparation is designed to facilitate adhering thin metal films to the piezoelectric material.
Preferably, the membrane film is cut to the desired size and shape prior to cleaning. In practice, the film may be cut slightly oversize.
If PVDF is the membrane material, most oil-free solvents can be used to clean the film without concern for polymer degradation. However, if PVDF-TrFE is used, caution must be exercised in selecting a cleaning solution. PVDF-TrFE is susceptible to certain solvents, such as Acetone. A strong detergent or soap solution can be used to remove grease or oil compounds from the membrane film. The film should then be allowed to dry thoroughly. Air drying for several hours at room temperature is preferred. If a solvent such as n-propanol is used, a 30-minute wait is required prior to loading the membrane into a metal deposition system. The 30 minutes is approximately the time required for fixing the membrane to a hoop ring, so that no time is lost in the waiting period.
The step 44 of preparing the membrane film includes wiping the surfaces several times with cleanroom wipes and the selected cleaning fluid or fluids. Grease and oil marks should be completely removed. Likewise, any hair, dirt or metal filings should be removed. Preferably, the film surface is inspected under a microscope having a magnification of greater than 20�, so as to ensure cleanliness.
A metal pattern is then formed on at least one surface of the membrane film. The method of creating the metal pattern is not critical. In one embodiment, thermal evaporation using a negative pattern mask is utilized. Alternatively, plasma sputtering with a negative pattern mask may be employed. As a third alternative, metal may be lithographically patterned with resist lift-off and thermal evaporation techniques. Additional methods are also possible.
The preferred method is the one based upon thermal evaporation with a negative mask. Lithographically forming the pattern may cause difficulties and instabilities for PVDF and PVDF-TrFE films as thin as 4 μm. Regarding the plasma sputtering alternative, there are also difficulties with this selection. For example, a high deposition power may cause the membrane film to be degraded during deposition. On the other hand, thermal evaporation using a negative pattern mask is the least complex and most straightforward of the methods.
The thermal evaporation process using a negative pattern mask employs a temporary fixture to suspend the masked membrane pattern above thermal sources. The fixture may be a flat plate having a depression cut into the plate to allow the pattern mask to rest flush against a surface of the membrane film. A large magnet is placed beneath the membrane on the opposite side of the temporary fixture, so as to magnetically attract and hold the metal mask pattern flush against the membrane surface. Optionally, clamps may be used to ensure that the mask is flush against the membrane surface.
The proper positioning 46 of the mask relative to the membrane film is important to ensuring that the dimensions of signal lines and a poled region remain within acceptable tolerances. Linewidth control becomes more troublesome as the linewidth becomes equal to or less than the thickness of the selected shadow mask. "Negative shadow mask" is defined herein as a mask in which metal is deposited on the membrane surface in correspondence to openings in the metal mask. Thus, by design, the metal mask is a negative pattern of the desired metal pattern.
A number of types of masks have been developed for the electrodeposition technique. Preferably, the mask contains a pattern for both signal lines and for an electrode to be formed on the film.
Referring to FIG. 1, a pattern on an upper surface of the membrane 14 would include electrode 16 and the first signal line 18. On the lower surface, the mask would include openings corresponding to the lines 30, 34 and 36, as well as openings for the lower electrode and a signal line from the lower electrode. The lower surface typically will also include a ground plane.
The masking procedure prior to metal deposition requires that both the membrane film and the pattern mask be blown clean with deionized nitrogen. Preferably, the film and the mask are microscopically inspected. Magnifications ranging between 50� and 20� are recommended, with both transmission and back lighting. The membrane film should be installed on the magnetic fixture and a frame should be placed along the borders of the membrane film to hold the membrane taut against the deposition fixture plate.
The membrane and masking fixture are then loaded into a metal deposition system. This step 48 is shown in FIG. 4. Optionally, deionized nitrogen may be again applied to the mask and the membrane film, whereafter the vacuum chamber is closed.
At least one metal film is then applied 50. For example, titanium and gold may be deposited to desired thicknesses at the proper vacuum pressures. Alternatively, chrome and gold may be deposited. Acceptable metal thicknesses are 300 angstroms of titanium or chrome and 700 to 3000 angstroms of gold, deposited at 10E-6 Torr. A typical deposition rate for titanium or for chrome is 1.5 angstroms per second, while a typical deposition rate for gold is 5.5 angstroms per second.
In practice, fabrication of a hydrophone requires depositing metal on both sides of the membrane film. Thus, the above procedure is repeated at step 52 in order to pattern metal on the opposed side.
In step 54, the membrane film is mounted to a hoop ring in a manner known in the art. The membrane is stretched taut. Ideally, the membrane surface is planar and all wrinkles are eliminated. However, non planarity and wrinkles can be tolerated to some extent, other than at the central active region and at the signal lines formed on the film. Once the membrane film is stretched taut onto the hoop ring, loosening and retightening may cause irreversible damage to the membrane material.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 5 the hoop structure 12 for securing the membrane film 14 in a planar wrinkle-free manner is shown as including an upper member 56 and a lower member 58. The upper member includes a wedge tooth 60 that is received within a groove 62 of the lower member. The wedge tooth-and-groove arrangement is designed to provide a friction locking grip on the membrane 14. The arrangement applies a sufficient material displacement for stretching the piezoelectric membrane film and for locking the membrane film in place. Fastening screws, not shown, may then be inserted through bores 64 in the upper member for tightening into internally threaded openings 66 in the lower member. The hoop structure 12 includes a number of bores of the type shown in FIG. 5. Preferably, a screw-tightening sequence is followed to minimize wrinkling of the membrane 14. The sequence typically followed is an "across-the-ring" pattern, rotating in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
A small bead of vacuum-grade epoxy may be applied to the groove 62 of the lower member 58 to allow the membrane 14 to ensure permanent locking of the membrane after the hoop structure has been fastened together. If such an epoxy is used, it is important to allow the epoxy time to properly dry and cure. Typically, a 24-hour drying and curing period is sufficient. During the application of epoxy, the small bead of epoxy placed in the ring groove 62 should be a minimal quantity, so as to prevent the epoxy from being pressed inwardly from the inside diameter of the hoop structure 12. If excess material does extend inside the inside diameter, the excess material should be removed. For example, a small amount of n-propanol may be used to remove the excess epoxy.
Returning to FIG. 4, the next step 68 in the fabrication procedure is to pole the active region of the piezoelectric membrane film 14. That is, the active region 20 between the electrodes 16 and 22 of FIG. 2 is subjected to a procedure in which ferroelectric domains of the material are aligned. Beyond the active region is a piezoelectrically inactive region in which the domains are generally random in direction. Procedures for poling PVDF and PVDF-TrFE are different. Only the poling procedure for PVDF-TrFE will be explained herein, but persons skilled in the art will readily understand the necessary procedure for poling PVDF.
In the preferred embodiment, the lower electrode 22 may actually be a part of a ground plane. PVDF films are often uniaxially or biaxially stretched and annealed to improve the mechanical and/or electrical properties of the film, converting the material properties from one crystalline form to another. However, it has been found that PVDF-TrFE need only be heated during the poling process to obtain the desired conversion. The poling is performed in a vacuum chamber to allow the poling to take place at voltages greater than those obtained in atmosphere. The vacuum chamber may be an NRC thermal evaporation system with a capability of pumping down to 10E-7 Torr. Such a system contains a fixture that is heated by two halogen quartz lamps with the ability to heat in the temperature range from 20� to more than 200� centigrade. The fixture contains a raised platform which allows an electrode to be both heated and grounded at the back side of the membrane film. A high voltage electrode clip on the top side of the membrane allows the placement of a high voltage potential on the previously deposited top electrode 16.
The poling procedure can begin by setting a high voltage power supply to 100 volts and setting the quartz heating lamp controller to 100� centigrade. When the temperature gauge indicates that the actual temperature of a grounding chuck is between 90� and 100� centigrade, the vacuum system is sealed. The vacuum pressure should be increased to 10E-6 Torr before the high voltage power supply setting is increased beyond 100 volts.
The quartz heating lamp controller should then be increased to approximately 130� centigrade. It should be noted that the PVDF-TrFE material breaks down and either adheres to or melts on the grounding chuck between the temperatures 136� and 140� centigrade. This processing problem is usually noted by a rapid linear rise in the high voltage power supply current. If this occurs, the material damage is irreversible and the process should be halted.
When the temperature gauge indicates that the grounding chuck is stabilized at 130� C., the high voltage can be gradually increased in increments of 10 volts or less per minute. The optimal voltage can be calculated by multiplying the thickness of the membrane film in micron units times 70 volts per micron. For example, a film having a thickness of 10 microns will require an optimal poling voltage of 700 volts. The slow and gradual increase in the high voltage aids in the avoidance of a sudden transient rise in the temperature potential across the membrane film. A rise that is too rapid potentially results in a dielectric breakdown or a permanent short across the membrane film.
After the high voltage power supply has been set to the calculated optimal voltage based upon the membrane thickness, the temperature and high voltage values should be maintained for a period of approximately one hour. The voltage is then maintained while the grounding chuck is rapidly cooled. This may be performed by turning the quartz heating lamps "off" and cooling the grounding chuck with water. When the temperature gauge indicates that the grounding chuck is 20� centigrade, both the high voltage power supply and the flow of cooling water can be turned "off." The vacuum system is then vented to atmosphere. Care should be taken when removing the membrane film from the poling fixture, since temperature annealing causes thin PVDF-TrFE films to become somewhat more brittle.
While the patterning of metallization on the surfaces of the membrane film has been described as steps of forming signal lines, optionally integrated circuit fabrication techniques can be used to fabricate a preamplifier and/or other electrical circuits. However, in the preferred embodiment, on-membrane electronics are adhesively secured to the membrane film.
As previously noted, the circuit of FIG. 3 is a buffer amplifier sold by Analog Devices. Referring to FIG. 1, the surface mountable amplifier 28 has an input (pin 4) at the via 24 and an output (pin 8) that is connected to the output trace 30 extending to the signal connector 32. Power contacts (pins 1 and 5) are attached to the power lines 34 and 36 that extend to the power plugs 38 and 40. Each of the power connections to the amplifier should be decoupled to a ground trace or ground plane with a 0.1 pf surface mounted capacitor, not shown. If ground traces from decoupling capacitors are on a side of the membrane 14 opposite to a ground plane, connection to the ground plane may be made by vias to the membrane. Membrane vias are formed by using a needle (30 gauge or 10 smaller) to puncture the membrane at ground pads. A small quantity of silver epoxy is then pressed through the via to form the interconnection to a ground plane on the opposite side. The silver epoxy should completely fill the via. Care must be taken so as not to rip the membrane during the formation of vias. Alternatively, vias may be formed by dry plasma etching or UV-laser ablation.
Silver epoxy is also used to connect the amplifier, capacitors and any wiring to the patterned metal on the opposed sides of the membrane 14. The silver epoxy will cure at room temperature over a period of between 12 and 24 hours.
In the preferred embodiment, the membrane 14 is positioned with the ungrounded electrode 16 at the top, but this is not critical. The hoop structure 12 of a membrane hydrophone should include predrilled and countersunk holes to allow attachment of the signal connector 32. The center conductor of the signal connector may be bent or trimmed in a manner to allow the conductor to gently touch the output trace 30. Preferably, the output trace includes a large metallized spot that facilitates connecting the center conductor of the connector 32 to the output trace. Small quantities of silver epoxy are used to electrically attach the center conductor and the ground leads of the signal connector to the appropriate areas of the membrane 14.
After the silver epoxy has been allowed to properly cure, the transducer device 10 is visually and electrically tested. A test step 72 of FIG. 4 may include a continuity check of all electrical connections, an impedance and resonance test to verify metal structure and poling integrity, and/or waveform and water tank testing to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the operational limits of the device.
In the next step 74, a potting compound is applied to the transducer device 10 for both structural support of the entire device and insulation of the on-membrane electronics 28. The structural support is important to a long useful-life of the thin membrane device. The potting reduces the susceptibility of the membrane 14 to ruptures.
The potting compound must be selected for its acoustic impedance. Preferably, the acoustic impedance is close to the acoustic impedance of the medium into which the device is to be operated. For example, a membrane hydrophone to be used in water should have a potting compound with an acoustic impedance close to that of water. An acceptable compound is sold by Dow Corning under the trademark SYLGARD 182, 184 or 186. Such a compound has the desired acoustic impedance, but will not distort the membrane film or incoming acoustic pressure waveforms. SYLGARD 182, SYLGARD 184 and SYLGARD 186 are each two-part compounds. A first part is a base and a second part is a curing agent. The base and curing agent are thoroughly mixed in a 10:1 weight ratio. The total amount used is based upon the amount of area to be coated or covered. Typically, a 5 mm thickness in the acoustic field and a 1 mm thickness over the on-membrane electronics 28 is suitable.
After the two components of the potting compound have been measured by weight and thoroughly mixed, the mixture is subjected to a 30-minute degassing under vacuum, with a maximum pressure of 2�10E-2 Torr. The final solution observed under vacuum should be clear and should have no visible bubbles. The potting mixture is then poured directly into the cavity of the transducer device containing the electrode and on-membrane electronics. There should be a minimum agitation or stirring of the compound mixture in order to avoid introduction of bubbles into the mixture. If bubbles are observed, degassing of the entire transducer device should take place under the vacuum parameters set forth above.
The transducer device and applied potting material are then cured for approximately seven to ten days at room temperature. The potting material becomes hard and loses its tackiness. Heating of the compound material should be avoided, since heating may introduce distortions to the membrane.
As a final step, the transducer device is again tested and evaluated.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
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|Oct 12, 1982
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Ultrasonic transducer with a plastic piezoelectric receiving layer and a non plastic transmitting layer
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|The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services
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|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration
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|Woolley Edward N
|Swimming pool alarm
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|Tadashi Sawafuji
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|Raytheon Company
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|Jochen Heimann
|Sensor for non-invasive measurement of sound, pressure and vibration on the human body
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|The Regents Of The University Of Michigan
|Silicon tactile imaging array and method of making same
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|Method for initially polarizing and centering a piezoelectric ceramic switching device
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 20, 2000
|Oct 7, 2003
|Hypertension Diagnostics, Inc.
|Method for fabricating a pressure-wave sensor with a leveling support element
|May 28, 2002
|Feb 10, 2004
|Hypertension Diagnostics, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for blood pressure pulse waveform contour analysis
|Feb 17, 2004
|Aug 26, 2004
|Hypertension Diagnostics, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for calibrating and measuring arterial compliance and stroke volume
|Jan 25, 2013
|Aug 14, 2014
|B�rkert Werke GmbH
|Method for manufacturing vertical electrode in recess of piezoelectric layer, involves forming vertical electrode by physical vapor deposition, so that vertical electrode arranged on layer is disconnected from horizontal electrode
|Sep 22, 2006
|Jun 13, 2007
|Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
|Method for manufacturing an ultrasonic sensor
|Aug 18, 2016
|Feb 23, 2017
|Fujifilm Sonosite, Inc.
|Membrane hydrophone for high frequency ultrasound and method of manufacture
|U.S. Classification
|367/163, 367/140, 310/324, 367/174, 29/25.35
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 24, 1995
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LUM. PAUL;GREENSTEIN, MICHAEL;KENDLE, BELINDA;REEL/FRAME:007438/0432
Effective date: 19941216
|Jun 25, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 28, 2000
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, C
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010841/0649
Effective date: 19980520
|May 30, 2000
Owner name: AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:010977/0540
Effective date: 19991101
|Jul 16, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 29, 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 24, 2004
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20031226


text:
21 January 2004
Efavirenz is Patented by World's Largest Pharmaceutical Company, Merck (MSD in South Africa)
At Least One Patient has Defaulted Taking Efavirenz Following Shortage
Demonstration Outside MSD Offices on 2 February to Demand Voluntary Licenses
Pharmaceutical Company MSD has run out of stock of the paediatric version of its antiretroviral, efavirenz (Stocrin 50mg).ÊIn response the TreatmentAction Campaign (TAC) has sent the letter below to MSD.Ê Furthermore, theTAC will hold a picket outside MSD's South African offices on 2 February 2004demanding that the company gives non-exclusive voluntary licenses on a 5%royalty fee basis to any generic company that meets objective criteria forquality and manufacturing standards.
MSD is a subsidiary of the world's largest pharmaceutical company, Merck & Co, Inc.based in the United States.
Venue: 11716th Avenue, Midrand
Date: 2 February 2004
Time: 12pm
Contact:Pholokgolo Ramothwala: 011 339 8421 or 082 969 8691

subset: commoncrawl


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A hairdresser provides an array of hair care services ranging from basic washing and cutting to styling. She also advises clients on self-care between visits. Along with technical competencies in hair services, a good hairdresser needs a mix of personal qualities to offer excellent service and distinctive looks.
Creativity and Vision
Creativity and vision separate a good hairdresser from someone who simply cuts hair for a living. A hairdresser takes someone with a basic head of hair, develops a vision, and uses equipment and tools to bring the vision to life in a beautiful hairstyle. Often, clients ask for a particular look or style. As the hairdresser, you need to understand whether that style works given the customer's look and hair. If not, you need the confidence in your creativity to suggest a close alternative.
Good Listening and Service Mentality
Good hairdressers are skilled at interacting with people. A client may sit in your chair for several hours on each visit, so you must be a good listener to earn the client's trust and loyalty. First, you need to listen carefully to understand the client's concerns and the particular look she wants. Then, during the actual hair care and styling process, you must ask questions and invite the client to share what's going on in her life, and how that might impact her look. Making clients comfortable in the chair is important to customer retention and positive word of mouth.
Physical Stamina and Dexterity
Hairdressers need a few important physical traits. Because you can spend eight hours or more on your feet, you need stamina and endurance. Also, hairdressers use their hands throughout the day to operate equipment, wash and cut hair, and style. Therefore, you need dexterity in your hands and fingers to manipulate tools and hair products every day. You may also have to move chairs and equipment at times, which requires strength.
Color Mixing Artistry
Good hairdressers have the versatility to provide an array of hair color dyes and treatments. Clients pay you for coloring and styling service because they expect more than they get from a less expensive over-the-counter color treatment. You must understand how to mix colors to create specific shades of warm and dark colors. Good hairdressers apply color paints with pinpoint brush control and artistic flair to create seamless transitions between different tones and contrasting hues.
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CBG Architects met with the Board of Trustees of the Huntley Project Museum of Irrigated Agriculture to define the requirements for a new museum building. The board had already determined the requirements for the size of the building which would include a display area, cold storage, conference room, office, handicap toilets, and utility room. They also wanted the exterior of the building to look similar to a barn or shed fitting into the agricultural setting. The site had many trees, existing equipment and small display buildings already in place. It was decided to locate the new building near the existing equipment and in a manner that the fewest number of trees would have to be removed. The location would also need to give easy access to a foot bridge to the south that crossed the large irrigation ditch to several farm buildings and additional equipment displays.
After finalizing the floor plan, the architect determined that the building needed dormer windows to add natural light in the cold storage, display area and conference room. Ten foot wide porches the full length of the building were added on the northwest and southwest for covered exterior display areas. The building would be finished with 1 x 8 v-grooved fir siding installed vertically and the doors and windows trimmed with 2 x 6 boards. To accommodate vintage tractors and farm equipment being brought into the cold storage room for display, two 5-foot wide by 9-foot high hollow metal swinging doors were installed with the exterior and interior faces finished with 1 by 6 tongue and grooved pine siding as were the other exterior hollow metal doors.
Trusses were used to span the 48-foot wide building and in the conference room, display area and cold storage. The center half of the trusses were left exposed to allow for displays to hang from above and let in light from the dormer windows. Lighting in the display area consists mostly of track lighting.
The Board of Trustees decided upon a ground source heat pump system. The size of the system required digging five wells each 200 feet deep, along with a separate well for drinking water.
The soil conditions on the site required special consideration. During irrigation season, the water table is approximately 6-inches below finish grade and the soil becomes very mucky. This was addressed by placing the building on a monolithic slab with 18-inches of engineered-fill below the slab. The engineered fill had to be placed before water started running in the nearby canal in early spring. Drain tile was also installed to divert small irrigation ditch water around the building.
The soil was too wet to install a drainfield. The architect decided upon two 1,500 gallon holding tanks installed and a sewage pump to pump the sewage to the tanks. The tanks were placed close to the road to allow for regular pumping and half of the tank set above grade which required berming and landscaping around the tanks.
DIV 07: Asphalt Shingles: GAF Timberline Ultra.
DIV 09: Sheet Vinyl: Armstrong.
Here To Access The DCD Archives™


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Multi Reticle Red/Green Dot Scope.
- 4 reticle interchangable
- 3 Levels brigthness adjustment
- Mount to standard 20mm rail
By buying this product you can collect up to 6 loyalty points. Your cart will total 6 points that can be converted into a voucher of 1,20 €.
King Arms (Hong Kong)
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https://zeppelin.incubator.apache.org/, posted Oct '15 by peter in collaboration database development free opensource software visualization
A web-based notebook that enables interactive data analytics. You can make beautiful data-driven, interactive and collaborative documents with SQL, Scala and more.
GetDotBit.com Offers Free Domain Names Powered By Namecoin - CryptoCoinsNews
https://www.cryptocoinsnews.com/getdotbit-com-offers-free-domain-names-powered-namecoin/, posted 2015 by peter in cryptocurrency domain free
GetDotBit.com is a domain name platform for registering .bit (dot-bit) URLs that recently launched. Users can now register a domain name for free. Additional names cost one dollar each.
stedolan.github.io/jq/, posted 2015 by peter in conversion free javascript shell software
jq is like sed for JSON data – you can use it to slice and filter and map and transform structured data with the same ease that sed, awk, grep and friends let you play with text.
jq is written in portable C, and it has zero runtime dependencies. You can download a single binary, scp it to a far away machine, and expect it to work.
jq can mangle the data format that you have into the one that you want with very little effort, and the program to do so is often shorter and simpler than you'd expect.
https://square.github.io/keywhiz/, posted 2015 by peter in development free security software
Keywhiz makes managing secrets easier and more secure. Keywhiz servers in a cluster centrally store secrets encrypted in a database. Clients use mutually authenticated TLS (mTLS) to retrieve secrets they have access to. Authenticated users administer Keywhiz via CLI or web app UI. To enable workflows, Keywhiz has automation APIs over mTLS and support for simple secret generation plugins.
Rigs of Rods
www.rigsofrods.com/content/, posted 2015 by peter in free game linux mac opensource simulation software windows
Rigs of Rods is an open source vehicle simulator licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3. What makes Rigs of Rods different to most simulators is its unique soft-body physics: vehicles, machines, objects, etc. are simulated in real-time as flexible soft-body objects, giving the simulation an extremely accurate behavior which entirely depends on the physical construction of the vehicles or objects you create. The community contributes greatly to the game, giving it a vast selection of vehicles and terrains from which you can choose.
CPU Flame Graphs
www.brendangregg.com/FlameGraphs/cpuflamegraphs.html, posted 2015 by peter in free graphics performance visualization
Profiling data can be thousands of lines long, and difficult to comprehend. Flame graphs are a visualization for sampled stack traces, which data allows hot code-paths to be identified quickly. See the Flame Graphs main page for uses of this visualization other than CPU profiling.
Flame Graphs can work with any CPU profiler on any operating system. My examples here use Linux perf_events, DTrace, SystemTap, and ktap. See the Updates list for other profiler examples, and github for the flame graph software.
Locust - A modern load testing framework
locust.io/, posted 2015 by peter in free opensource performance python software testing
Define user behaviour with Python code, and swarm your system with millions of simultaneous users.
Sysdig: The New (Definitive) System Troubleshooting Tool
sysdig.org/, posted 2015 by peter in free linux monitoring opensource software sysadmin
Sysdig is open source, system-level exploration: capture system state and activity from a running Linux instance, then save, filter and analyze. Think of it as strace + tcpdump + lsof + awesome sauce.
With a little Lua cherry on top.
BFG Repo-Cleaner by rtyley
https://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/, posted 2015 by peter in free git opensource software versioncontrol
The BFG is a simpler, faster alternative to git-filter-branch for cleansing bad data out of your Git repository history:
* Removing Crazy Big Files * Removing Passwords, Credentials & other Private data
Hyperfox HTTP/HTTPs traffic interceptor
https://hyperfox.org/, posted 2015 by peter in communication free networking opensource security software
Hyperfox is a security tool for proxying and recording HTTP and HTTPs communications on a LAN.
Hyperfox is capable of forging SSL certificates on the fly using a root CA certificate and its corresponding key (both provided by the user). If the target machine recognizes the root CA as trusted, then HTTPs traffic can be succesfully intercepted and recorded.
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Sony PMW-100 Full HD at 50Mb/s
Sony PMW-100 (PMW100) Full HD CMOS Sensor Solid State Camcorder Compact, highly portable XDCAM HD22 (50 Mbps) handheld Camcorder The PMW-100���s 1/2.9-inch Exmor CMOS sensor and MPEG HD422 codec offers astonishingly high quality HD image capture in a compact, light weight chassis. It���s a perfect partner for the popular PMW-500 XDCAM HD422 shoulder camcorder, with all the benefits of the established XDCAM production workflow for speed and reliability.Advanced features such as slow and quick motion, cache recording and Night Shot also ensure the PMW-100 is a no-compromise choice when used independently. For applications such as news gathering, documentaries and events, the PMW-100���s low power consumption and dual recording media slots provide plenty of endurance alongside its exceptional handheld portability. This product comes with PrimeSupport ��� fast, hassle-free repairs and a helpline offering expert technical advice. Which gives you the peace of mind that Sony is looking after your equipment, and your business. Features 1/2.9-inch type Exmor CMOS sensor for uncompromising full HD image capture The PMW-100 is equipped with a 1/2.9-inch type Exmor CMOS sensor, providing super blow-light sensitivity with a low noise level, enabling the camcorder to capture beautiful pictures while remaining light weight and compact. MPEG 422 / 420 HD and SD recordings ensure compatibility with existing XDCAM work flows The PMW-100 supports both MPEG 422 and 420 recording modes, so footage can be easily intercut with material shot by either opticalor memory-based XDCAM and XDCAM EX camcorders. The PMW-100 also supports both UDF and FAT shooting modes on SxS cards so you can use existing XDCAM and XDCAM EXwork flows. Large 3.5-inch WVGA (852x480) LCD panel The PMW-100 is equipped with a large, easy-to-read, 3.5-inch WVGA colour LCD panel. This higher resolution LCD panel helps you to make more precise focusing adjustments as well asto read the status and markers displayed onthe LCD panel. When this LCD panel is not being used, it is placed above the lens so it���s out of the way when carrying the camcorder. Over 4 hours continuous recording with two 64 GB SxS memory cards The PMW-100 uses Sony���s renowned high-speed SxS ExpressCard recording media. The PMW-100 has two SxS card slots which support both SxSPro and SxS-1 recording media. Using a single SxS-1 64 GB memory card, you can record approximately 120 minutes of 50 Mbps HD 422 video.Using 64 GB SxS cards in both SxS slots enables you to record approximately 240 minutes of video. Slow and quick motion recordings The PMW-100 offers over-cranking and under-cranking,which enables photographers to create slow- and fast-motion visual effects in-camera. With this Slow & Quick Motion function, images are recorded natively with no padded frames and at full resolution. The quality of the slow- and fast-motion images created in-camera is significantly higher than those created through an editing process. Lens controls for greater versatility Focusing and zooming are manually controlled using the focus/zoom ring. Also, the exposure level can be manually controlled using an exposure control dial. A wide conversion lens is also available for close range shooting. Instant shooting with video buffer Never be caught off guard and miss a critical shot. The PMW-100 will start recording within 3.5 seconds after turning the power on. Also, cache recording enables you to constantly buffer a 15-second video loop in camera. When you press the record button, the loop is written to the SxS card while normal recording begins. SD operation The PMW-100 supports DVCAM recording as well as MPEG HD recording. The file formatin DVCAM recording mode is selectable from either MXF or AVI, and most non-linear editing systems accept these files. The PMW-100 is also equipped with an i.LINK interface and ingestto non-linear editing systems can be done via the i.LINK (DV) interface as well. Multi-camera operation The PMW-100 is equipped with Genlock input and time code input/output (selectable) in order to support multiple camera operation. Video from the cameras (e.g. through SDI) can be connected to a switcher for live switching. Or the recorded content on the camcorders can be edited with a non-linear editing system that offers a multi-camera editing function.
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The Art of The Dam Keeper features over 200 illustrations, photographs from inside the studio and interviews with the directors and crew. This book was produced with hands-on input from Kondo and Tsutsumi, right down to the paper and binding. It serves as a clear representation of why their film was screened at nearly a hundred film festivals and earned that Academy Award nomination. It also provides a glimpse into the future for Tonko House and animated storytelling.
Signed by Dice and Robert


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|106 m²
|Tipo de imóvel
|Estadia Mínima
|7 noites
Bem-vindo ao Canaveral Towers 905 - parte da estadia em Cocoa Beach família.
Essa cobertura, condomínio à beira-mar tem dois quartos, dois banheiros e está localizado no edifício Canaveral Towers desejável. Aproveite o nascer do sol da manhã como você se sentar em sua varanda privada, que tem uma vista incrível da Praia & Ocean.
Esta unidade foi recentemente renovado (maio de 2012) para incluir uma cozinha atualizado, completo com novos aparelhos, armários, contador, etc. Todos nova sala de estar e sala de jantar móveis foram comprados, incluindo um conjunto combinado sala de jantar (completo com mesas de café e de término na sala de estar), um novo sofá de couro e sofá-cama, e um novo 42 'HD TV de Plasma com Blueray e canais HD estendidos.
Unidade 905 tem uma cama king size no quarto principal, uma rainha no quarto de hóspedes e um sofá-cama na sala de estar.
Desfrute de todas as comodidades (sem custo) a construção Canaveral Towers tem para oferecer, como um putting green, quadras de shuffleboard, piscina aquecida, Wi-Fi, etc. Nós também fornecemos acessórios de praia para sua diversão.
Há uma lavadora e secadora à direita no interior da unidade. O aparelho é fornecido com roupa de cama, toalhas, utensílios de cozinha, toalhas de praia, cadeiras de praia, brinquedos de praia, pranchas de bodyboard e um guarda-sol.
Ao alugar com a estadia em Cocoa Beach família, você está garantindo-se um processo de férias e de reserva fácil, sem complicações. Estamos disponíveis para você para chamar a qualquer momento (sempre fornecê-lo com o nosso número de home-telefone e celular) e estão sempre dispostos a responder a quaisquer perguntas que possa ter. Juntos, eu e meus irmãos foram alugar na área de Cocoa Beach por mais de 5 anos. Nós encorajamos você a rever todas as observações feitas em nossos hóspedes-books, você não vai encontrar um cliente insatisfeito.
Se você tem um grupo ou estou reservado, por favor visite nosso website.
My family stayed in this condo during July for a family vacation. This condo had some good qualities but also had many issues. The kitchen was very well equipped, the view from the balcony was beautiful, and the beach equipment was a nice touch. The condition of the bathrooms when we arrived was very dirty. I spent the first day of my arrival cleaning. The bathrooms were both nasty and both tubs were stained with something black that wouldn't come off. The carpet was stained and needed cleaning, ceiling fan in the kitchen made a terrible noise when on high, the balcony door handle was lose and halfway coming off, one of the dining room chairs had broken arms, a kitchen cabinet above the microwave had a broken hinge and my husband was afraid for us to use whatever was in that cabinet because he thought the door would fall off. The condo does have a sofa bed but it was terrible because you could feel springs in the mattress. My poor daughter (who was a small adult) hardly slept for a week. It was nice to have a washer and dryer in the unit except it was in the master bathroom and using it made it to hot in master bedroom. The master bedroom was unbearably hot while our grown son was cold in the other bedroom. The master bedroom also doesn't have a regular door but has two half swinging doors. I emailed the owner pictures of the condition of the condo when we arrived but had no reply. I thought maybe he didn't know but obviously was not interested. The beach in front of this condo was nice and in a great location. With a little attention this could be a nice rental.
My fiance and I shared this condo with my parents for a relaxing week long vacation. We loved everything about the property from the cleanliness of the condo to the amazing view of the ocean. The Cocoa Beach area offered so many things to do to make our week exciting. Our family created many lasting memories on this vacation. We would definitely suggest this condo to friends and family. We are looking forward to visiting again in the future!
My friend and I spent a fantastic week in this condo. We were very pleased with the fact it was clean, well furnished and comfortable. Beds were extremely comfortable, very nice linens and I've never seen a "rental" kitchen outfitted with such nice dinnerware, cookware, silverware and every thing you could possibly want to prepare meals. Although the weather was unusually chilly and windy the first few days, we enjoyed the balcony with the excellent views and warm sunshine. It provided some shelter from the wind which was very enjoyable. The other tenants in the building were friendly and helpful. My friend couldn't figure out how to use the outdoor faucet to wash the sand off her feet after her walk on the beach. One of the tenants showed her where to insert the key to turn on the water. We spent a real nice, fun week on Cocoa Beach, thanks to your condo being so conveniently located with access to other areas of interest. A lot of great restaurants nearby with delicious fresh Florida seafood. Drew was easy to work with and available when needed (thanks Drew). When we visit the area again, we would certainly want to stay here.
We stayed at this property the week of 12-26-15 and t enjoyed every minute of our vacation. The property was exactly as advertised. Unit has been well maintained and very clean. It is close to every kind of restaurant a family would want to dine at, beach is wide and beautiful and from the entry door you are able to see where the cruise ships arrive and depart and can see Cape Canaveral where the rockets are launched. We are planning a return visit in 2016.
This place is awesome. When we walked in it was like coming home. It gives you a very warm and welcome feeling. The grounds are maintained beautifully and the pool is wonderful. We will most definitely stay here again. Thank you Drew for allowing us to make this our home away from home.
Hi. I just wanted to share with you our awesome vacation. The condo was great! Being up so high, we had an awesome view of our surroundings. Access to the beach was great. The property was very clean and secure. We never had a problem getting chairs at the pool. Everything you needed on vacation was only a reach away. Chairs, coolers, flotation devices, dishes, linens, towels, etc. all provided in the condo. Although a washer/dryer were provided for public use, the condo had a washer/dryer within the unit. Bonus! :)
Our time share did not get back to us until 3 weeks before our trip, telling us they could not provide us with a place to stay. Upon looking on the internet, we found Drew's condo. Drew's process to rent was convenient, simple, fast and easy. We will return. Thanks Drew. :)
Canaveral Towers está localizado à direita na beira de Cabo Canaveral e Cocoa Beach, uma praia de areia branca extremamente calmo e tranquilo, a norte da Cocoa Beach Pier (1 milha) e ao sul do Centro Espacial Kennedy (2 milhas). Cape Canaveral está também a apenas uma hora de Orlando e Disney.
As atracções locais incluem o Centro Espacial Kennedy, Sterling Casino Cruise Lines, Surf Shop de Ron Jon, pesca do oceano, e Golfe. Assista ao lançamento do vaivém espacial da praia. Menos de uma hora ao norte é o Daytona Speedway ou continuar até a costa para visitar Linda Saint Augustine. Confira a Vida Night at 'Coconuts on the Beach', 'Heidi Jazz Club', 'Cocoa Beach Pier', 'The Beach Shack ", ou" A China Beach Lounge'.


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Rent Word with You America 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Lawrence Paros. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Kvetch Press.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.


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Megan Ann WilsonWardrobe Stylist Female Toronto, Ontario, Canada
My Website: Megan Ann WilsonMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/meganannwilson
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PRO FOOTBALL; Jets Still Want DeBerg, but the Dolphins Are a Barrier
By TIMOTHY W. SMITH
Published: April 7, 1994
The Jets may be squeezed out by Miami in their bid for Steve DeBerg, the 40-year-old quarterback who stepped in to start for the Dolphins last season when both Dan Marino and Scott Mitchell were out with injuries.
The Jets made a contract offer to DeBerg two weeks ago and the Dolphins countered with their own offer late last week. The Jets' deal was one year for $500,000; the Dolphins offered slightly less, also for one year. The Jets' general manager, Dick Steinberg, said that New York's offer to DeBerg was not an amount that would cause disruption under the $34.2 million salary cap, which was recently raised by $400,000.
The Dolphins are more in need of DeBerg's services than the Jets are. Marino, who missed most of last season with a ruptured Achilles' tendon on his right foot, had arthroscopic surgery to remove bone spurs from the same foot last week. Mitchell, an unrestricted free agent, signed a three-year, $11 million contract with Detroit on March 6. The Dolphins have a minicamp April 29 through May 1 and they don't have a quarterback available to take snaps.
The Jets, who are looking at DeBerg as a backup to Boomer Esiason, retained the rights to their current backup, Browning Nagle, with a $825,000 qualifying offer in February. Although they would feel more comfortable with DeBerg at backup, having Nagle behind Esiason isn't completely unworkable if they can sign him for less than the $750,000 they paid him last season. Nagle started 13 games for the Jets in 1992 before being replaced by Esiason.
The Jets are also still waiting to hear from running back Brian Mitchell, the Redskins' unrestricted free agent and kick-return specialist. The Jets have offered Mitchell about $500,000 a year. Mitchell's agent, Harold Lewis, said the running back has put his decision on the back burner because his wife gave birth last Thursday.
Lewis said that Mitchell was considering offers from the Jets, Kansas City and the Redskins and would like to have a deal completed before the draft on April 24.
Jets receiver Rob Moore is also waiting. He wants to see if one of the teams he visited last month -- Chicago, Denver and Kansas City -- will tender him an offer sheet. Gary Wichard, Moore's agent, said they were also waiting to see what the Jets may offer.
Moore is a transition player, and the Jets set aside $2.1 million -- the amount that receivers who are transition players receive even if they don't get offers from other teams -- under the salary cap. Steinberg has said that they will match almost any offer that Moore receives.
The Jets' unrestricted free-agent center, Jim Sweeney, was in New Orleans over the weekend. He is now weighing offers from Pittsburgh and the Saints. -------------------- Rams Pursue Giants' Tackle
Clarence Jones, a backup offensive tackle for the Giants, might be on his way to the Los Angeles Rams.
Jones, a fourth-year player from the University of Maryland and a restricted free agent, was in Los Angeles meeting with the coaching staff and other team officials yesterday, his agent, George Mavrikes, said.
Jones, a fourth-round draft choice, would probably be a backup for the Giants again next season.
The Rams are desperate for an offensive tackle, and team officials say they think Jones could be a starter. But if the Rams sign him and the Giants decide not to match the offer, then Los Angeles must give the Giants a fourth-round draft pick.
Jones made $160,000 last season and would get at least twice that from the Rams.


text: To get from Torremaggiore to Canicattì by train you can catch one of the 3 trains that everyday travel between these two cities. The first train to Canicattì leaves from Torremaggiore at 06:16 and the last train departs at 21:19. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 02:31 hours. For your trip from Torremaggiore to Canicattì by train you can choose to leave from one of Torremaggiore main stations: S. Severo On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Canicattì and book the best itinerary starting from Torremaggiore.


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Doctor insights on:
Pain In Right Side Waist
My wife has pain on right side below waist at front and back, started as dull ache few weeks ago but now is painfull and struggles to bendover or sit?
Have it evaluated: This needs to be evaluated as there are several causes for pain in this location. The pain can either be back or abdominal in origin. Start with your family doctor if you have one. ...Read more
Hi! I have a constant pain on my right side waist level. sometimes it radiates down to my thigh. Please help. Thanks?
Not enough info.: At the very least,you will need an exam in order to arrive at a diagnosis for your pain..Go see a generalist.Good luck. ...Read more
I have pain on my right side,waist area for a week. Laying down it goes away. No prob sleeping. Going up/down steps its worse. Heat helps. I'm 55yo F.
Needs examination: Your symptoms could be hip arthritis to possible sciatica or spinal canal narrowing. You really could use a good general examination and then, possibly a specialist referral. If you'd like to set up a private virtual consult I'd be happy to go over your case in more detail. Please write me at: www.healthtap.com/drsaghafi Use Key Code: PDXFNR to set up an appointment if you'd like. ...Read more
What could it be, if I have a severe pain in my right side waist area of my back? Every morning when I get up to go to thw bathroom, I experience a really bad sharp burning pain that almost puts me to the floor, doubled up. I was told that this could be a
See your doctor: Pain that severe needs to be worked up by your doctor in person. He/she will listen to you, perform an examination and possibly order some tests to see what's wrong with you. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
Mild, intermittent pain on right side of waist. Feels like it's lower back pain, but when the area below the front rib cage was pressed, it feels tender
Ribcage pain: This may be due to hurting ribs. Costochondritis (inflammation around ribcage joints) can cause this. ...Read more
Having pain in right side of waist, goes around to side - tender to touch - abdominal bloating - pain in middle of back?
? Gallbladder: Gallbladder disease can cause those symptoms, as can appendicitis or diverticulitis. I recommend f/u with primary care. ...Read more
What can be causing a pain on right side near the waist?
Many things: It could be related to the food you eat. It may be gallstones. It could be your liver or pancreas. Kidney stones on the right will cause pain. Also it could be due to your appendix. Get checked out by your primary care and they can help steer you in the right direction/. ...Read more
I have a pain on right side just below my waist and I now feel a small hard lump there. I also sometimes have the pain on right side just above waist ?
May be a hernia. : You should make an appt with a flesh and blood doc who can examine you directly, not a virtual Doctor. If you have not found someone to your satisfaction in Brooklyn then I have an office in Manhattan. It sounds like you might have either a direct or indirect hernia. If you indeed have that as the cause of your problem there is a good surgical fix for it! ...Read more
Pain at right hand side of waist?
Need more info: Could be any number of causes. See your doctor. ...Read more
I have a sharp pain on front right side at waist. Hurts when take deep breath and with some movements?
See PCP or ER: You need to be checked for possible appendicitis. If it is it needs to be treated before it ruptures. ...Read more


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This is resource center page.
The Foreign-Trade Zone program in Hawaii is operated by the Hawaii State government, Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, Foreign-Trade Zone Division, in an effort to encourage international business and economic development. As Grantee, the Foreign-Trade Zone Division oversees all aspects of the FTZ project in Hawaii. Inspectors from the Honolulu District of the U.S. Customs Service supervise and audit all Zone activities.
Simply, it is a secured place authorized by the federal government, considered to be outside the Customs territory of the United States although they are still under U.S. Customs supervision and control.
Normally, when foreign cargo lands on U.S. soil, it is subject to clearance through US Customs and the payment of U.S. Customs duty. Many firms use Foreign-Trade Zones to postpone and, in the case of reexport cargo, avoid the imposition of duties, taxes, bonds, quotas and certain other requirements.
Domestic and foreign merchandise may be stored within a Foreign-Trade Zone. It may be manufactured, displayed, sold or altered in almost any way that isn't prohibited by U.S. law.
As long as the merchandise remains in the Zone, it is not subject to U.S. Customs laws governing the entry of goods into Customs territory or payment of duty on those goods. In addition, Zone users can legally minimize the payment of U.S. Customs duties by either paying duty based on the classification of the merchandise at time of admission to the Zone or by paying duty based on the classification of the merchandise when it subsequently enters U.S. Customs territory. Merchandise subject to quotas may be admitted to a Zone without regard to those quotas. And no duty is assessed on domestic merchandise that enters Customs territory from a Zone.
Even though Hawaii's FTZ is considered to be outside the Customs territory of the United States, it is on U.S. soil. For that reason, goods and activities in the Zone are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations. Articles prohibited by law are not allowed admission, nor are articles that violate copyright, trademark or patent laws. Animal quarantine restrictions apply as well.
There are two types of FTZs in Hawaii: general purpose zones and special purpose subzones. General purpose zones operate as public utilities providing a variety of services to many users. Special purpose subzones are single-use facilities which cannot be accommodated within the general purpose zone.
There are currently 12 sites on Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii that have received FTZ designation. Of the 12 sites, three general-purpose zone sites and three special-purpose subzone sites are active. Link to Map
FTZ No. 9 is headquartered at Pier 2 on 7 paved acres including 300,452 square feet of covered space in Honolulu Harbor. The pier and terminal facilities can accommodate four ships simultaneously.
The Zone is in the heart of Downtown Honolulu, just five miles from Honolulu International Airport, making international shipment of goods convenient and economical. (Cargo unloaded at the airport-or anywhere within the port of Honolulu-maintains its foreign identity and duty-free status when it is transferred to Zone No. 9 by bonded carrier).
FTZ No. 9's expansion sites on Oahu include: 1,051 acres in Campbell Industrial Park in Ewa, 109 acres in Mililani Technology Park in central Oahu, the Hawaii Convention Center, aircraft fueling facilities at Honolulu International Airport, and Unicold's cold storage complex.
FTZ No. 9's expansion sites on the neighbor islands include 59 acres in Maui Research and Technology Park, Kihei, Maui; 31 acres on the island of Hawaii adjacent to Hilo International Airport, and the Natural Energy Labs of Hawaii Authority (NELHA) area adjacent to the Kona airport.
Three active special-purpose subzones are situated throughout the State of Hawaii where petroleum refining and synthetic natural gas production create products for the domestic and export markets.


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15/03/18 - 16/03/18
BTS Congress
Combined NTV & BTS Annual Meeting 2018
First announcement
18th Congress of the European Society for Organ Transplantation
We would like to invite you to a new level of medical meetings in transplantation at the BigBangBarcelona conference. Transplantation has emerged from the decades of an early experimental procedure to an established first line therapy for organ failure. While mechanistic devices or fully artificial organs may be available in many decades from now, the fate of the patients suffering from organ failure today and in the next years, will depend on the progress we will achieve with transplantation. The discrepancy between the high demand and the shortage in organs available remains a challenge. Amongst the many obstacles highlighted at the congress, progress in transplantation with organs from living donors but also advancements in normothermic perfusion and other seminal technologies will be addressed. Novel drugs, protocols for immunomod- ulation and tolerance but also surrogate endpoints for clinical trials in order to enhance the drug develop- ment remain critically important topics in the field.Read more
Eurotransplant 50th Anniversary Jubilee Congress
Guide to the quality and safety of organs for transplantation.
6th edition published by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Healthcare
How to become a sponsor
The BTS is a non-profit organization. The BTS thanks the industry for its support, which allows to organize its scientific meetings and to be able to support research in transplantation..
Contact our treasurer
Dr.Nicolas Meurisse
CHU Sart-Tilman B35, Bât. BC+2 Chir. abdominale, endocrinienne et transplantation, 4000 Liège, Belgique


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Was it real? Terrell confirmed that it was, and the store agreed to front Jobs the parts on thirty-day credit. ugg bailey button boots "He's not making art, he's making shit.Ugg Boots Short Classic Paragraphs began with various flourishes: "Be it noted herewith . "What's the matter?" he would say. During the day at HP, Wozniak would sketch out his design on paper. They would start their own computer company. [ugg bailey button boots] But then, if he actually likes it, exactly one week later, he'll come back to you and propose your idea to you, as if he thought of it.
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My new Side Line Scarf knitting pattern is quick and easy. This chunky scarf pattern is available for free on Ravelry and Craftsy.
|Side Line Scarf Knitting Pattern
This scarf will keep you warm when you are sitting on the side lines at the game.
And, the pattern is so easy you can knit this scarf while watching the game from the side lines.
Grab some yarn in your favorite sports team's color and start knitting. You only need about 180 - 200 yards of super bulky yarn to knit up this scarf.
I love the texture of this stitch pattern. At first glance you might think is just simple garter stitch. Look again!
An easy K3, P3 repeat pattern creates a subtle striping effect. (Reminds me of the lines on the football or soccer field!)
|Side Line Scarf - Free Knitting Pattern
For the ivory colored scarf, I used Lion Brand Wool-Ease Thick & Quick super bulky weight yarn in the color 'Fisherman'.
For the gray scarf below I used Loops & Threads Cozy Wool in the color 'Stone'.
|Side Line Scarf - easy to knit with super bulky yarn.
This pattern will also work well with other super bulky yarns including Lion Brand Hometown USA. I recommend solid color yarns so the texture shows best.
This scarf makes a great gift for anyone…men, women, teens and kids.
This scarf makes a great gift for anyone…men, women, teens and kids.
My daughter and I had a great time doing the photo shot for this scarf pattern. We walked to our neighborhood park on a beautiful fall afternoon. The creek and big trees made for great backgrounds for our photos.
|Warm, cozy scarf pattern - Side Line Scarf.
If you like the texture of this scarf, you might also like The Boulevard Blanket...my cozy, warm throw blanket pattern knit with super bulky yarn.
You can find the Side Line Scarf pattern on Ravelry and on Craftsy.
Thank you for reading! Happy knitting!


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The food sector should expect to see a lot of cartel enforcement activity in 2014, according to the Director of Cartels at the European Commission, Eric Van Ginderachter. Between this and the new UK Competition and Markets Authority's intention to step up its enforcement activities as of 1 April 2014, it is a good time to look at competition compliance in this area.
With many food markets considered to be national or even local in scope, the Commission previously appeared content to assist national competition authorities (NCAs) with their investigations into suspected antitrust infringements, only starting its own investigative activities where suspected infringements had a wider EU impact. However, the setting up of an EU Food Task Force within DG Competition in 2012 was perhaps more than just a hint of things to come. The European Competition Network (ECN), made up of the heads of the NCAs in the 28 Member States, along with the Commission, provides an excellent forum from which to understand the issues facing operators across the EU, as well as coordinating who takes the lead in relation to particular competition law investigations in the EU. The food retail market has been high on the agenda of several national authorities (UK, Germany, Austria, Italy, France and the Netherlands), whose regulators have run enquiries focusing on the fairness of contractual relations between suppliers and retailers, as well as market concentration with regards to food distribution.
What is coming down the track?
The Commission will evaluate the results of the independent report on competition in food retail markets by Ernst & Young, Arcadia International and Cambridge Econometrics. Depending on these results, the Commission may put forward proposals aimed at improving the functioning of European food markets.
To get a more accurate picture of antitrust activity, you need to look at what the NCAs are up to. Here you find a wealth and variety of cases across a very wide range of products, dealing with cartels and abuse of dominance, through to retail price maintenance and illegal exchange of information. Taking the pet food sector as an example, companies were fined in Poland for restricting distribution channels including online sales, in France for restricting competition in wholesale markets, in Czech and Latvia for RPM while in Belgium, investigations continue into allegations of illegal exchange of information.
Looking at it from the perspective of just one company, Colgate Palmolive's recent SEC filing reveals the extent of its antitrust woes. It has been the subject of fines in France (detergents and pet food), Spain (shower gel), Italy (cosmetics) and is subject to on-going investigations in Belgium, France and Greece. Not to ignore parallel import fines in Switzerland and civil proceedings in Australia concerning allegations around the launch and pricing of ultra-concentrated laundry detergents.
Not so sweet...
In April 2013, officials from EU and national competition authorities raided the locations of sugar producers in a few EU member states over concerns that they were engaging in cartel activity. Competition Commissioner, Joaquín Almunia, confirmed that the surprise inspections were part of the Commission's broader effort to crack down on price-fixing in the food and retail industries. This was not the Commission's first investigation of the sugar industry, having fined four sugar producers (including British Sugar and Tate & Lyle) the equivalent of €50.2 million back in 1998. At the same time as these dawn raids, Commissioner Almunia expressed his intention to watch the food and consumer-goods markets closely, on the basis that "Keeping these markets free from illegal and harmful anti-competitive practices is a litmus test for us." On 3 February 2014, the Commission announced the closure of its sugar investigation, just shortly before the German competition authority announced that it had settled its own investigation with fines of €280 million on three German producers.
Meanwhile, back in the UK, Napier Brown complained to the UK's OFT that British Sugar has broken antitrust rules by halting supplies of sugar in contravention of a 1988 EU order (that fined British Sugar and obliged it to honour certain supply conditions). This formal complaint has been passed to the UK's new antitrust authority the Competition and Markets Authority to deal with, when it takes over from the OFT on 1 April 2014.
The take away
If you find yourself in a room with your biggest rivals and you are there to discuss anything other than the latest football results, beat a loud and hasty retreat...
If you have any questions or would like more information please contact Bróna Heenan, Corporate & Commercial.This information is intended as a general discussion surrounding the topics covered and is for guidance purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice and should not be regarded as a substitute for taking legal advice. DWF is not responsible for any activity undertaken based on this information.


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travel2japan #61 philosophical
So, I was in Japan as an exchange student. And wrote diary; approximately three pages every single day. As I think it may be interesting translating the thoughts of an exchange student in Japan, I'm now going to do this.
Some background information:
I was in Japan from March to July 2015(4 1/2 month). I lived in Chiba with a host family.
I went there with the organization WYS (Word Youth Society).
Here we go.
(The text written in italics are comments, I added in retrospect)
#61 philosophical
Real date: May 10th, Sunday
Today, I am already in Japan for 50 days. 50 days are almost 1/7 of a year. Today, it is the 10th of May. It is mother's day and my brothers confirmation. Now, it is half past twelve in the night in Germany, so everyone is sleeping still. When it is about 4 o'clock here, the confirmation will approximately start.
Today morning, I studied a bit with the N5 training book When I came downstairs, I saw that the cat had throw up on the floor, so I whipped it away. Wakari san explained to me that it is because of the cat grass, it is eating and that it is nothing to worry about. We only talked a little, as my questions were always answered really briefly.
Today's breakfast war amazingly delicious. It cosisted of apple and vegetable juice -as always- and one sweet, round, very hot kind of bread that I forgot the name of. The first was really sweet and the seccond rather tasted like pizza- I liked both. We then watched TV and I studied a bit. I do not understand why everyone answers my questions so briefly.
Wakari san went to the gym and told me to go for a stroll. I first checked the PC, but there were no new e-mails from my mother. I also surfed a bit because I was bored. Then, I went to daiso (one coint store) and bought a Little Twin Stars notebook and an ice, I ate on the way home. It was really tasty. My hay fever was really bad. I sneezed often and I had got a runny nose. So, I put on my mask. Wakari came home. She had eobentos (lunch boxes) that we then ate. Then we watched TV. As my questions were not answered properly again, I wrote diary. Now, Kouta san will go to a neighbour's meeting because he has an important role there. Wakari san will drive him there and then go shopping, so I will be alone for about 2 hours here.
I took pictures of the house and every room in it. Then, I went to the bookstore to buy a book about EM (effective microorganisms, a topic my aunt is interested in) So, I went to the bookstore, could not find anything and therefore asked a shopsman there. He asked me to wait at a bookshelf and called for the manager or some other man of the shop who was wearing a suit. I then got given three books about EM, I should check out. After browsing through all of them, I decided to buy the book with the most illustrations and gave the other two back to a shopsman who apologized for giving me books I did not want to have. Japanese people are so nice! At home, I directly put the book into my suitcase.
Now it is half past two pm, what means that it is half past seven am in Germany. Before I went to buy the book, I sat down in the house and prayed for my family to have nice day, for my brother to have a confirmation as amazing as mine was with a nice worship, good meals and great people and for everyone in my hometown to have a good day and not miss me and for my brother to like my confirmation gift. I did not pray a lot until now in Japan but I am planning to do so in the future. God is always with me.
After Japan, I will become vegan because of videos of peta, I saw before I went to Japan. Without Japan, I would not have made so much plans for the future, would not get interesetd in the university, I want to enter, would not have read books about psychology, would not have planned out my calendar this way, would not have started managing my time and my life, I would be a child without a plan just get around but not life my live. Now, I feel like a women. Things are difficult, but I am capable of managing them, I am bigger and better that I ever was. I am me. If I would not have been to Japan, I would probably go to the confirmation today but I would go there like a child. It is better how it is now. It is weird that I used to just look forward to my departure here in Japan. Now, at this moment, I am the closest to my departure. At this very moment. The time is runing, always and everywhere. It is sad but I will not cry. (Philosophical thinking again. But Japan has brought me so much and I do not even want to imagine where I would be now without having gone there. I would certainly not write this blog, not have a plan or vision for my future and not be the way I am. I am going to post an article about what impact this decision had on my life and it was definitely a positive one.)
My stomach hurts a bit. It is almost 3 o'clock. In German, it is almost 8 o'clock. The letter has still not arrived yet. It has already taken two weeks adn two days now. My hostparents have not come home yet. Wakari san still hates me. My Japanese is still... Kouta san, my teacher and my classmates told me that my Japanese has improved but Wakari san did not. Propably she is the only one who tells the truth.(WTF?)
It is 3:15 now and my hostparents have not come home yet. I am in Japan for 50 days now, 2 month and 10 days to remain. I will go to school for another 2 month. It is summer and it is hot. Where has the spring gone? In fall, I will already be back in Germany. 4 1/2 month are an okay time. 4 month can pass quickly.
It is almost half past three. In Germany, everone is going to church now probably. If I could talk to someone, I could be distracted probably. But there is nobody. Maybe I am a problem. I do not want to be a problem. My hostfamily finally returned. My stomach still hurts.
Now, it is 4 o'clock, 9 o'clock in the morning in Germany. The worship starts. Come on, little brother, have a nice day and do your best on your confirmation. Your sister wishes you a nice day.
Together with Kouta san, I watched a sumo competition in TV and talked a lot.
Dinner was handmade sushi. For some reason, we ate really early. It was tasty. After that, we watched TV and talked a bit. Wakari san sat down at the couch as if she could not stand sitting on the same table with me. She really hates me. (She did not). At least, she is speaking a little slower now.
The whole day, I concentrated on Germany, what time it is there and what people might do there now. I was with my thoughts with my family. But somehow, I am not homesick. I am just a bit distracted. Now it is half past 2 in Germany. Probably, my brother is unpacking gifts now.
This week has already passed by but I did not do a lot of things. Today evening, I want to write a letter to myself I can read at my departure.
I hope, you liked that part!
<-- Previous part (#60 the yellow train)
Next part (#62 bliss) -->
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|[Db-torque Wiki] Trivial Update of "MaxineMcd" by MaxineMcd
|Fri, 14 Jun 2013 13:36:48 GMT
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Blue dragon by SilverWolfiWatch
©2012-2017 SilverWolfi
That is awesome!
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text:
Posted on October 04, 2012
Brand: Remo
By Remo. With the FX shaker you can create various sounds that can conjure up natural creature sounds and more. The FX shaker is designed with an original drawing of the endangered Australian Corroboree frog. Play the FX shaker while covering the open whole on one end and create a frog-like sound.
Fx Shaker from Remo Belli on Vimeo.
No reviews available.
Posted on October 04, 2012
Posted on August 11, 2010
Posted on October 26, 2010


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Here's why I think Amos Yee is being used.
By Anonymous
The boy has been saying things look like it was scripted. He's using material all produced only by one person. His behaviour looks no different from those of Chee Soon Juan, the issues he talks about is no different from those that the die-hard opposition parties have said ad-nauseum.
The words he used are verbatim from opposition propaganda.
The "statistics" he quoted are all from Roy Ngerng's site.
And a 16 year old boy dares challenge a legal suit? Without financial or legal backing?
16 years is a young age, but it doesn't mean that teenagers are stupid.
If he has indeed been used by characters with a political agenda, then I pity the boy. In fact, I pity those who have been used as pawns in an effort to raise the political capital of others, under the guise of "freedom of speech" and "liberation of Singaporeans".
Of late, a handful of very young people have been pulling Chee antics. Not just young people, VERY young people. Han Hui Hui, Roy Ngerng and now Amos Yee. Trust me: they been recruited from the same source and trained by the same people.
With political activity heating up, I think it is important for all of us: young and old, to inoculate ourselves from toxic messages. We're all intelligent people… and like Amos says, it doesn't take more than a search on Google to get some answers.
We need to think, question and understand the issues of the day and arrive at good answers. We need to refute propaganda belt out by parties who have sights sent on power.
This article first appeared on Five Stars And A Moon. It is reproduced with permission.
Amos Yee charged under the Protection from Harassment Act
A social media experiment by school teacher to gather 10K FaceBook likes
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