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Bring big impact with styled details.
Your coupon will be applied to the highest regular-price, eligible item in your cart.
Offer good for one item at regular price only. Limit one coupon per customer per day. Must present coupon at time of purchase. Offer is not valid with any other coupon, discount or previous purchase. One cut or one bolt of fabric or trim "by the yard" equals one item. Online fabric & trim discount is limited to 10 yards, single cut. Excludes Heidi Swapp™ Minc.™ Foil Applicator, CRICUT® products, Gemini Machine™ Crafters Companion, Silhouette CAMEO® Machine, candy & snack products, gum & mints, helium tanks, gift cards, custom orders, special orders, labor, rentals or class fees. Cash Value 1/10¢.
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Can be used for N, HO and O scale layouts.
Each package contains 3 pieces.
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GardenSkill has become a leader in 'grow your own' and plant protection solutions, producing raised beds, crop cages, cloches, tunnels and poly houses.
The philosophy that led to the success of their famous Build-a-Ball remains the same: high quality, simple and ingenious designs that make gardening easier. Products made by gardeners, for gardeners.

subset: commoncrawl


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SEATTLE (AP) Alaska Airlines and Horizon Air launched an autumn fare sale Tuesday as they look to fill seats heading into the slower fall travel season.
The sale by the sister carriers covers travel from Sept. 8 through Dec. 15 to destinations in the United States and Canada and from Sept. 8 through Oct. 5 to Mexico. Tickets must be bought by Aug. 31 and at least 14 days before departure except for Hawaii and Mexico.
The airlines said seats at sale prices are limited, although they didn't say how many were available.
The sale prices are only available for trips on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Saturdays except for travel to Mexico and Hawaii and within Alaska. Eleven days around Thanksgiving are blacked out.
The airlines said sample fares included $69 one-way between Seattle and San Francisco, $79 between Phoenix and Portland, Ore.; and $119 between Los Angeles and Washington, D.C.
Copyright 2010 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


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Our house is rebuilt and we've gotten almost everything out of the apartment! That said, this week has been crazy and I have been running with limited internet for the past several days, so I probably won't have your Red Coupon Machine Matchup together until the morning! I figured I would go ahead and toss this out there so you could let us know what you've got though.
Check your emails to see if you possibly got a $5/$25 email or maybe something else. Every Saturday morning, we will make a post matching up these coupons with the deals both in the current ad and the ad that starts on Sunday. Since I don't get all of the coupons, and sometimes don't even get one, (like this week) I need your help to let me know what coupons are out there!
So, if you want me to get those email coupon matchups, let me know what you've got in the comments and I'll start working on them ASAP!Extreme Couponing Tip: You can usually get two prints of most internet coupons. To find them in the easiest possible way, use our preclipped links that take you right to the coupon. Then come back and click the same link to get your 2nd print. This will save you the time spent searching for the coupon.
Never miss another hot coupon, deal or freebie again! "Like" Couponaholic .NET on Facebook, Follow us on Pinterest, Follow us on Twitter, Follow us on Instagram or Subscribe to our Daily Email Newsletter!


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Nicholas and Anna Ricco Ethics Scholarship Competition (Undergraduate)
Undergraduate Scholarship
Nick and Anna Ricco are friends of the Mayborn and provided a generous gift to create the Ricco Ethics Scholarship Competition.
"Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make man a more clever devil."
- C.S. Lewis
Deadline: January 31, 2017 at 11:59 p.m.
Nick and Anna Ricco, long-time UNT donors, created an ethics scholarship competition in 2011. It is open to all students in the 13 colleges and schools at the University of North Texas.
The ethics competition was created to promote intellectual debate and discussion on ethics as related to students' areas of study at UNT, their field of vocation or their avocation. The goal is to stimulate the applicants to new heights of reasoning and self-discipline. The ultimate result will be a higher level of ethical understanding in one's area of study and daily life. It is the hope of the donors that students will recognize and better comprehend the need for a higher understanding of ethics in their personal and professional lives.
Awards of $1,000 each will be granted to one student from each college or school at UNT. The deadline is January 31, 2017 at 11:59 p.m. Recognition will be given at University Honors Day in spring 2017.
Ricco Ethics Scholarship Competition Guidelines and Application
Past Ethics Scholarship Competition Winners with full text available


text: Fair opens next week with nearly 300 confirmed exhibitors Debut fringe programme offers the latest industry innovations and trends Focusing on China's domestic market, Intertextile Shanghai Home Textiles – Spring Edition, takes place next week from 29 February to 2 March 2012 on the new fairground at the Shanghai World Expo Exhibition and Convention Centre. A record number of participants are confirmed with nearly 300 exhibitors, a 19% increase as compared with last year's figures. Among them are suppliers from Austria, China, Hong Kong, Korea and Italy. For the first time, suppliers from Shaoxing and Tongxiang will form into special pavilions showcasing their regional expertise, alongside Haining and Yuhang pavilions. Together, these exhibitors will present their latest Spring / Summer collections of curtains, furniture and upholstery fabrics on 37,000 sqm of exhibition space. Debut fringe programme offers the latest industry innovations and trends This season a debut seminar programme presented by top industry professionals, provides the latest innovations in sustainable development and quality improvement. Among the speakers and topics presented are: - Resource Saving and Eco-friendly Solutions for Home Textiles by Mr Alex Tai, Chuen Choi, Senior Marketing & Technical Marketing Manager, East Asia, Textile Chemicals for BASF (China) Company Ltd - Home Textile Market Technical Requirement and Common Quality Analysis by Mr Seeker He, Senior Technical Consultant of softlines for SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co Ltd - Botanic softness with Lenzing Modal® by Ms Carls Susanne and Ms Lucia Chen, Marketing Hometextile for Lenzing AG and Lenzing Fibers (Shanghai) Co Ltd In addition, the Spring fair will set up a unique interactive Trend Introduction Tour where attendees can find home textile and colour trends forecasted by China Home Textiles Trends Research and Extension Atelier. Intertextile Shanghai Home Textiles Spring is organised by Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd, the Sub-Council of Textile Industry, CCPIT and the China Home Textile Association (CHTA).


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Travelers have long been inspired by the romance of Bali, Lombok, Java Island and Toraja Highland combined with the exotic wildlife of the mythical orangutans in Borneo and fearsome Komodo dragons.
These special discovery trips show you the best that the Bali, Lombok, Sumatra, Jogyakarta and Toraja Highland have to offer from terraced rice fields and towering volcanoes to magnificent, tropical, sandy beaches. You may witness the unique local customs and crafts such as traditional weaving and pottery, and visit the indigenous Sasak people in Lombok or the unique arts & cultures and the magnificent view of the Toraja Highland.
From there, we move to the southern central part of Kalimantan, to meet the orangutans, one of of the human closest living relatives in animals kingdoms, living free at their natural habitat.
Moluccas - Travel Tips


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34 Green Turtle Rd., Coronado, CA 92118
- $3,900,000
- 359 Days on site
- Est: $14,449/month
Estimate Your Monthly Payment
Data provided by Informa Research Services. Payments do not include amounts for taxes and insurance premiums. The actual payment obligation will be greater if taxes and insurance are included. Click here for more information on rates and product details.
- Mortgage Center
- Beds: 4
- Baths: 4 Full, 1 Half
- Single Family Home
- 4,000 sq ft
Stunning Coronado Cays Waterfront Estate! This Exquisite home built in 2005 is completely handicap accessible. Home features white travertine flooring throughout. Granite counter tops with stainless steel appliances in kitchen, double oven with warming drawer, commercial size 6 burner gas stove, bay window and trash compactor. Circular breakfast room overlooks yard and waterfront. Elevator goes to your own private deck on the 3rd floor overseeing 180 degree views from Tijuana to the Coronado bridge. Click here to learn more about this listing.
- Single Family Home
- Beds: 4
- Baths: 4 Full, 1 Half
Listing Details
- Kitchen
- Yes
- Dining Area
- Yes
- Family Room
- Yes
- Living Room
- Yes
- Appliances
- Dishwasher, Disposal, Microwave, Range, Refrigerator
- Flooring
- Carpeted, Tile
- Architecture
- Contemporary
- Lot Features
- City View, Ocean View, Water View
- Parking
- Parking Space (6)
- Features
- Deck, Guest House, Stucco Exterior
- Cooling
- Central Air, Central Cooling
- Heating
- Forced Air, Gas
- Assessed Taxable Amount
- $2,900,000
- Tax Amount
- $30,974
- Last Transaction Date
- 04/24/2007
- Last Transaction Purchase Price
- $3,600,000
- Property Type
- Single Family Residence
- Bedrooms
- 5
- Bathrooms
- 4
- Home Size (Sqft)
- 3,780
- Year Built
- 1976
- Units
- 1
- Pool
- Yes
- Parking
- Garage
- View Type
- Yes
Public Facts: As provided by County Assessor and Recorder offices. May not reflect recent additions or improvements. If you see any errors, the best way to get the records updated is to contact your local county records office. If any of the information in this section conflicts with property information provided by a listing agent or broker, agent-provided information should be deemed more reliable.
Local Info
| Median Household Income
| Median Years In Residence
| Median Homeowner Age
| Households with Children
| Percent of Homes Rented
Nearby Elementary Schools
- Silver Strand Elementary School
- 1350 Leyte Rd
- Mueller Charter School
- 715 I St
- Feaster Charter School
- 670 Flower St
Nearby Primary Schools
- West View Early Learning Center
- 525 3rd St
Nearby Middle Schools
- Mueller Charter School
- 715 I St
- Feaster Charter School
- 670 Flower St
- Howard Gardner Community Charter
- 647 E St
Nearby High Schools
- South Bay Christian Academy
- 395 D St
- Stephen W. Hawking Charter
- 465 L St
Nearby Other Schools
- Vip Village Preschool
- 1001 Fern Ave
These are the closest schools to your requested location. Proximity does not guarantee enrollment eligibility. Please consult your real estate agent or school district to confirm the schools you are zoned to attend.
Mortgage Rates
Data provided by Informa Research Services. Payments do not include amounts for taxes and insurance premiums. The actual payment obligation will be greater if taxes and insurance are included. Click here for more information on rates and product details.
Property Contact Info
Need More Information?
Please fill out this form to request more photos or more information regarding this property.


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Chris Stelly has been named interim executive director of Louisiana Entertainment, the state office charged with promoting Louisiana's film, music, theater and digital media industries.
He takes the place of Sherri McConnell, who had served as executive director since February 2007 and left at the end of June.
Stelly led the film and television development division of the Office of Entertainment Industry Development, Louisiana Entertainment's official title.
The office falls under the Louisiana Economic Development agency.
"I actually resigned in April and made it effective July 1," McConnell said Thursday. "They asked me to stay through the (legislative) session."
McConnell plans to take a month off before launching an entertainment industry consulting firm in New Orleans, splitting her time between Baton Rouge and New Orleans.
McConnell said she will focus much of her energy working with companies related to film and other sectors to expand what McConnell often describes as an "indigenous industry" across the state.
"I'd like to continue the effort that I started as my role as executive director at Louisiana Entertainment, just working at it from the private side," McConnell said.
"I also have, I think, a fairly good understanding of the uniqueness of each region of the state and the opportunities that each of those areas offer, and I think there are opportunities to grow an indigenous industry all over the state," she added.
For his part, Stelly said he intends to continue the work of Louisiana Entertainment since the program expanded significantly four years ago.
"I am focused on building a permanent entertainment industry for our great state and that will require new and exciting initiatives on all fronts," Stelly said in an email. "Education, business development, investment and cultivating creativity will be part of that plan."
Stelly, who joined Louisiana Entertainment in 2004, will continue to head up the film and television division of Louisiana Entertainment, a role he has served in since 2007.
McConnell summed up her reason for leaving as, basically, "mission accomplished."
"I feel like I'm leaving a really good place," she said. "I mean, it's on a solid, solid foundation.
"And there's an amazing group of people there to carry on the effort," McConnell added. "I couldn't be more pleased with the crew that's left there to continue.
"I never expected to be there as long as I was," she said.


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Tara LincolnModel Female New York, New York, US
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About MeHey ;o)
I'm model/Actress Tara Lincoln and i will be moving back to nyc. I've done video work, internet work, magazine prints, posters, dvd/cd covers, on stage acting/performance. I love my job as an entertainer.. and its challenges.
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Vast, beautiful and hard to get to -- Montanans wouldn't have their state any other way. You may have to change planes and carriers to make the Treasure State your final destination, but the hassle is well worth it once you finally arrive.
Flying to Montana's National Treasures
Two major airport service areas in Montana are near national parks -- Yellowstone and Glacier. Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport in Belgrade is perhaps the most highly trafficked airport in the state with many direct flights here from most major cities west of the Mississippi River, as well as Chicago and New York. Carriers include Alaska, Allegiant, Delta, Frontier and United. All these carriers but Frontier also service Glacier Park International Airport in Kalispell, offering dozens of daily flights from major Western cities.
Helena, Great Falls and Billings
Delta and United are the two major carriers at Helena Regional Airport, with Alaska flying between here and Great Falls. Those three airlines also service Great Falls International Airport, with Allegiant and Frontier also providing flights to and from that facility. Delta and United provide several daily flights into and out of Billings, primarily from Portland, Denver and Salt Lake City. Allegiant, Alaska and Cape Air also offer regular flights to and from Billings.
Moseying to Missoula
Delta and United serve as the major players in mountainous Missoula, with Alaska, Allegiant and Frontier picking up the slack. Delta and United each fly in and out of Missoula International Airport about a dozen times a day, with travel between here and most western United States cities.
Related Searches
- Missoula International Airport: Airlines at MSO
- Helena Regional Airport Authority: Alaska Airlines
- Billings Logan International Airport: Major Airlines
- Great Falls International Airport: Airlines
- Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport: Flight Schedule
- Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport: Airline & Flight Info
- Glacier Park International Airport: Airline Carriers
- Photo Credit dmfoss/iStock/Getty Images
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text: Riley and Xander.At UC Sunnydale.Riley makes his last appearance in Sunnydale.Riley, moments before get attacked in "The Heart of a Slayer" comic.Riley with his wife SamRiley makes his choice.An injured Riley encourages Buffy, during the War in Tibet.Riley & BuffyAdd a photo to this gallery Retrieved from "http://buffy.wikia.com/wiki/Riley_Finn/Gallery?oldid=138893" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Galleries Riley Finn


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Listen to Michael Jackson's New Song, 'Xscape'
The spirit of Michael Jackson is still releasing new music, thanks to old recordings and producer Rodney Jerkins. "Xscape" is the lead single off the forthcoming Xscape, Jackson's second posthumous album, which will be released in May.
You can listen to the song here:
The recording is from Jackson's Invincible days and Jackson and Jerkins wrote it together.
In addition to Jerkins, Timbaland, Mary J. Blige and D'Angelo are all expected to be a part of the album.


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Godspeed by borntoamazeWatch
©2010-2017 borntoamaze
keren bgt refleksinya
so cool
plus i love that song
plus i love that song
ahahaha , to be honest ... the title is randomly taken from my MP3 Folder ....
so beautiful!
like it
like it
very nice shot
Nice composition and colors.
Really stunning!
Loved the reflection and the tones..
great reflection!


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Free Delivery - Free Exchanges -
0333 200 4606
The Vancouver Oak Filing Cabinet is built from high quality oak and features dovetailed joints on all drawers. The solid construction and beautiful lacquered finish will ensure the unit retains its elegance for many years to come, whilst providing practical storage for your office papers and files. Team up with other pieces from the Vancouver range.
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Product code: 26887
Despatched in 3-5 days.
Sukin Renewing Body Scrub with Green Tea and Jojoba is a smoothing and soothing body scrub that contains micro jojoba beads, green tea leaves and ground walnut shells to delicately polish the surface of the skin. Sukin Renewing Body Scrub with Green Tea and Jojoba with green tea extract, rose hip oil and vitamin E impart a blend of antioxidants and essential fatty acids, vital for skin nourishing and maintaining a healthy, glowing complexion.Sukin Renewing Body Scrub with Green Tea and Jojoba features:- Green Tea-detoxifying and hydrating. Potent antioxidant- Rose Hip Oil-hydration & vital nutrients for skin health- Jojoba -to lock away moisture.Suitable for all skin types. Sulphate and Parabens Free.
Massage into damp skin in the shower. Rinse well with warm water. Use once or twice a week.
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|Published by Kathy Paauw
Productivity Consultant
Certified Business & Personal Coach
|Paauwer Tools is a Monthly Ezine
March 2005
Issue 61
In honor of National Procrastination Week (the first week in March) and March Forth Day (on March 4th, of course), I dedicate my March issue of Paauwer Tools to the subject of procrastination. Why? Because this single habit is the root of so many of the problems that plague all of us at one time or another – challenges with managing our time, relationships, projects, and information.
Procrastination is doing low-priority tasks and activities instead of the high-priority ones which so often contribute the most to our success. For some, procrastination becomes a harmful habit which impedes personal and professional development.
If procrastination is so harmful, why do we do it? We tend to put off doing things for the following reasons:
When we don't want to do something that is unpleasant or difficult, we find less important things to do that will keep us "busy" so we have an excuse for why we didn't get around to it. But putting something off does not make it go away, and postponing it often just makes it worse. As someone once said, "Killing time murders opportunities."
We've just completed the second month of the year, and we have ten more months to go. It's not too late for rededicating yourself to that New Year's resolution! I'll share a key to success that I've learned from my own life experiences...
If you want to make big changes in your life, start by making small ones.
What small change have you made recently that yielded positive results for you? By thinking about what is working, you are focusing on the positive. I wrote more about this in last month's newsletter. Remember that we attract whatever we choose to give our attention to -- whether wanted or unwanted. When we focus on what we want, we are more likely to attract it into our lives.
Unlike a long list of unrealistic New Year's resolutions that usually get broken before the end of January, small changes can create a ripple effect of another small change, followed by another. In other words, small changes can lead to other related changes. Next thing you know, you've generated an unstoppable tidal wave!
If you have not set a New Year's resolution for yourself, or if you've already abandoned the resolutions you set in January, it's not too late to start fresh now. Ask yourself this question:
What's one thing that, if you did consistently, would make the greatest positive difference in your life?
I asked a client (I'll call her Kate) this question a couple of years ago during a coaching call. Her initial response was that she wanted to start taking the train to her downtown office instead of driving her car in horrible rush-hour traffic. But Kate said she could not do that because she often needed the car to get to meetings during her workday. I asked her if there were other means of transportation available to her (subway, taxi, etc.) on days she had appointments that were not walking distance from her office.
Here are some of the benefits Kate experienced by deciding to take the train to work instead of driving:
I could keep listing the effects this one change had on Kate's life. It's a perfect example of the ripple effect in action -- all of this by making one change, which led to another, and another.
Remember that one of the key reasons many people procrastinate is because something is difficult or complex. In other words, it feels too big to know where or how to begin. Even the biggest projects are really just a series of small ones. I often ask my clients, "How do you eat an elephant?" … One bite at a time!
Once you break a project into bite-size pieces, determine when you want to have it completed by, and then create a timeline with benchmarks for each bite of the project. Make it as quantifiable as possible, by using numbers (make five calls daily vs. make more calls daily) and dates or deadlines. Then build in some accountability by telling someone else about your intention. Keep your intentions in written form in front of you so you can keep re-focusing on them when you get off track. Then carve out protected time on your calendar to allow time to complete the tasks you've identified.
My daughter is a senior in high school, and she has been preparing for college since last May, along with the assistance of an excellent College Planning Coach, whom she met with weekly by phone. My husband and I are so grateful that someone else was able to help her navigate through this process and hold her accountable to the timeline they created. The whole process is quite a responsibility for an 18-year-old to undertake, even with assistance!
I'll use this college planning "project" as an example of how to eat an elephant. Although the sample timeline below does not contain every step involved, it's enough to demonstrate how the process works. Final deadlines or completion dates are noted.
Project Name: Gaining Admission to the College of my Dreams
Here's a simple three-step process for you to try:
As you focus on one bite at a time, you'll be amazed at how this simple three-step process can get you unstuck and along your way with an important project you've been avoiding.
For more articles about overcoming procrastination, visit my newsletter articles from previous years:


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One of mine would be the whole episode "Flashes Before you Eyes". It was the first epi that wasn't an actual flashback in the normal sense. Plus it introduced time travel or being stuck in time. It also has the popular "course correcting" statement that seems to be relevant to the whole series. Just a crazy epi full of twists and added so many questions and the "wtf" throught the epi.
What are some of your favorite plot twists.


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Titumir College is a government in Dhaka. It is at Tejgaon area. At present, education ministry recognized it as university level. They only offer admission undergraduate and master level.
About Titumir College
Government Titumir College Dhaka & University (সরকারি তিতুমীর কলেজ)has established on 7 May 1968. It received it's recognition on 19 June 1970. The college started it's Honours program on 31 May 1972, after the approval from the University of Dhaka. It is at Mohakhali Gulshan area in Dhaka North, Bangladesh. It has more than 60000+ students. Its nickname is G T C. Jinnah College was its former name at Pakistani period. College Code is 6423. At first, this college has started at the Higher Secondary Level (HSC). Later it has developed to degree level and provides some Honours level courses. National University of Bangladesh has affiliated the college. Now it offers degree and 19 Honors and Masters Degree courses and has 20 faculties.
Admission Form Application Prospectus and Eligibility
After HSC result, student get admits the college. Admission Prospectus, guidelines (in PDF format) are free and easy to download from the official website.
Contact Address Location and Communication Information
Govt. Titumir College, Dhaka
Mohakhali, Gulshan, Dhaka
Phone Number : +88-02-9899490, 9899490, 9886737
Location in Google Map
Titumir was a great fighter against British Raj in India. The government named the college for him with respect.
Related Links


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Aardsma the Mariner
Padres sign Henry Blanco (1/750k)
The Cubs interest in acquiring a southpaw bat left Blanco in the cold, although not for too long. On a team with a good catcher, Blanco is a mighty fine reserve, on the Padres Blanco represents the best backstop option. Nick Hundley will get most of the at-bats as the Padres try to figure out whether he is an option heading forward or simply a stopgap. Thus, Blanco is casted as the "mentor" type who starts in day games. Since his starting stint with the Twins 2004 Blanco has been worth 1.5 wins in a similar role.
Brewers sign Craig Counsell (1/1 mil)
When the Royals signed Willie Bloomquist for two years and three million, general manager Dayton Moore described Bloomquist as a "Craig Counsell" type. Naturally, the actual Counsell would sign for one year and for a third of the money. This is a nifty signing for the Brewers thanks to Counsell's still worthwhile glove. Over the last three years Counsell has average a win per season, suggesting he's going to make the Brewers a profit this season.
Plus his batting stance is the most unique in this post-Tony Batista league.
Mariners acquire David Aardsma for Fabian Williamson
Williamson is a 20-year old lefty who spent 2008 in rookie ball, pitching pretty well, although having some issues with walks. Williams sits in the high-80's, and apparently the new Seattle brass felt his ceiling wasn't much higher than a situational type, and thus sent him to Boston.
Is Aardsma the next Grant Balfour or Matt Thornton? Probably not, but they do have some things in common; impressive strikeout totals, a reliance on a mid-90's fastball, and issuing high rates of free passes. If nothing else, the following graphs are pretty to look at, and for Mariner fans, fun to imagine.
Aardsma is out of options, so expect him to get a look in the Mariners pen.
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Signaling the end of an era, the HD DVD Promotion Group, once charged with driving interest in the hi-def format, has officially disbanded. The organisation's website now redirects visitors inquiries to manufacturers and supporters direct.
HD DVD group leaves building, turns off light
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BANGOR – Richard A. White, 56, died June 4, 2014 at a Bangor hospital. He was born Apr. 18, 1958 in Akron, Ohio, the son of Richard A. White, Sr. and Barbara R. (Tilley) White.
Richard and his wife, Vicki owned and operated Ohio Street Laundry for 20 years. He later graduated from Easter Maine Community College and worked as a radiographer/x-ray tech at Eastern Maine Med. Center. Richard was interested in military history and enjoyed flying holding a private pilot license with an instrument rating. He also enjoyed bowling at Family Fun Lanes, Bangor.
Surviving is his wife, Vicki P. (Cotton) White; one son, Bradley White of Bangor; his mother, Barbara R. White of Bangor; his father-in-law, Medley Cotton of Hermon; a close cousin, Julie Esp of Nashua, NH; brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, Andrea and Marc Nicknair of Glenburn and James "Jim" and Donna Cotton of Glenburn; aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins.
A service honoring Richard's life will be held 2 PM Wednesday, June 11, 2014 at Kiley & Foley Funeral Service, 299 Union St., Bangor, where family and friends may visit from 1 PM until the service begins. Burial will be at Mt. Hope Cemetery, Bangor. For those who wish, memorial contributions may be made to the Greyhound Adoption Service, 16 Jak-Len Drive, Salisbury, MA 01952. Condolences to his family may be offered at www.kileyandfoley.com.


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Featured Member: The Amhara Credit and Savings Institution (ACSI)
The Amhara Credit and Savings Institution (ACSI) partners with UNCDF to provide 170,000 youth with savings accounts
The Amhara Credit and Saving Institution (ACSI) (http://www.acsi.org.et/), licensed as a microfinance institution in 1997, aims to improve the economic situation of low-income, productive poor people in Ethiopia through increased access to lending and saving services. As in many developing countries, low income youth represent one of Ethiopia's largest and most vulnerable populations: 46 percent of the Ethiopian population is under the age of 15[1] and another 28 percent between the ages of 15 and 29 years.[2] ASCI recognizes that building young people's assets, specifically savings, can have a range of positive social and economic impacts, not only on the individuals, but on households and the country at large.
In order to better understand the financial needs of this unique youth demographic, ACSI collaborated with the United Nations Capital Development Fund's (UNCDF) YouthStart program to conduct youth-friendly market research with existing and potential clients. Through this process, ACSI identified a new savings product for young people between the ages of 12 and 24. The service was piloted with 4,000 youth in ten ACSI branch offices, and is scheduled to be rolled out in July, 2012. ACSI aims to reach 170,000 youth savers and 103,000 active youth borrowers by 2014. Ninety-four percent of these clients will also receive one or more non-financial service offering, including financial education, life skills training, or business development services. By 2014 the program expects to reach a portfolio of Birr 288,553,153 (US$ 16,013,800) in savings and Birr 262,216,122 (US$ 14,552,200) in credit.
ACSI's Youth Saving Product - Ra-ey: ACSI named its youth savings product Ra-ey, which means "Vision" in Amharic. During the market research it became clear that young people associate having a savings account with having a vision for their future, as it helps them set life goals and strategize for reaching them. The product concept testing process confirmed these findings.
Target Population: Girls and boys between the ages of 12-24 years. Fifty percent of the youth savers are girls.
Terms: Market research findings showed a demand for a flexible savings account with limited usage fees. The Ra-ey savings account has an unlimited deposit policy and no restrictions on the frequency or amount of deposits or withdrawals. Youth clients must maintain a minimum opening and operating balance of Birr 5 (US$ 0.28), which is the same as for adult accounts.
Marketing: ACSI also understands that outreach to young people requires distinct marking strategies. By placing marketing and selling centers at schools and universities, as well as at the kebele levels, ACSI expects to reach young people who would otherwise not come into contact with a financial service provider.
Cross-Selling: In addition to the social benefit that savings accounts have for youth clients, ACSI believes that investing in the development of a youth-friendly savings account today will help the organization's capacity to cross-sell other financial products in the future. ACSI expects that satisfied youth savers will become loyal customers who will choose to continue banking with ACSI as they graduate to more lucrative services, such as money transfer services. ACSI expects to tailor these products directly to the specific needs of young people as well.
Staff Training: In order to ensure that it can provide its clients with the best service possible, ACSI trains all senior staff, including management, board members, steering committee members, and branch managers, on youth-inclusive financial services. ACSI adapted curricula from Making Cents International's Sound Practices in Youth-Inclusive Financial Services training to help staff understand the strategic importance for ACSI to include youth targets in its financial services and how to incorporate youth-friendly practices into all of its operations. By obtaining staff buy-in at all levels of management, ACSI is able to more effectively cater to this population's unique needs.
In addition to the Ra-ey savings account, ACSI serves approximately 320,000 youth between the ages of 12 and 24 with loans, which comprise approximately 25 percent of its total client portfolio. Through condominium loans, which include supplemental technical training on producing bricks; MSE loans; Enterprise Development Facility loans; and UNDP-supported loans, ACSI has disseminated approximately US$ 53,840,544 in credit line to young people.


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This property is no longer available.Search for Available Property.
1.01 acres in Fairfax County, Virginia
Very Desirable Building Lot! Renovate existing 1961 brick rambler & pool or Build New. !!Gorgeous one acre site ideal for lower level walk-out.Excellent location, close to the heart of McLean and Langley school district !!! Super convenient to Shopping in McLean, GW Parkway, Dulles Toll Rd. Rt. 66, & Tyson's Corner !!Get information from agent before showing.
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NOTE: The information contained herein is provided as general information only and has been obtained from sources deemed reliable. It is provided without any guaranty, warranty or representation, expressed or implied, made by Lands of America, or any related entity, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information. The information is presented subject to errors, omissions, change of price or conditions, prior sale or withdrawal without notice. Prospective purchasers should make their own investigations, projections and conclusions concerning the information.


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Find out how much this building will cost in your area today
with our online estimating tool, the DCD Archives.
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Designstream LLC
30 Isabella Street, #101, Pittsburgh, PA 15212
General Description
Southpointe, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania
Date Bid: Nov 2006
Construction Period: Apr 2007 to Oct 2008
Total Square Feet: 75,255 Site: 10.6 acres.
Number of Buildings: One.
Building Size: First floor, 25,085; second floor, 25,085; third
floor, 25,085; total, 75,255 square feet.
Building Height: First floor, 15'4"; second floor, 13'4"; third
floor, 13'4"; total, 50'.
Basic Construction Type: New/Structural steel. Foundation:
Cast-in-place, pier & grade beam, slab-on-grade. Exterior Walls:
CMU, brick, storefront glazing, granite accents. Roof: Built-up,
membrane. Floors: Concrete. Interior Walls: CMU, metal
stud drywall.
Construction Team
Owner: Horizon Properties - 375 Southpointe Boulevard, #410,
Canonsburg, PA 15317
Structural Engineer: Churches Consulting Engineers LLC - 347
Locust Avenue, Washington, PA 15301
Construction Manager/General Contractor: Continental Building
Systems - 395 E. Waterfront Drive, #300, Homestead, PA 15120
Mechanical/Electrical/Plumbing Engineer: Claitman Engineering
Associates, Inc. - 1340 Old Freeport Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15238
This facility was built in the Southpointe II development in Cecil
Township, Pennsylvania, to house the Fairmont Supply Company's Corporate
Headquarters. The structure commands a striking presence above I-79. The
top executive floor provides vistas to the southeast stretching across
Southpointe Golf Course deep into Washington County.
The company was founded in 1921 in Fairmont, West Virginia, for the
purpose of distributing mine supplies to coal operations in Kentucky and
West Virginia. Later, Fairmont Supply expanded operations to include
Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio and Illinois. Today they are a full-line
distributor of industrial maintenance, repair and operating (MRO)
supplies with thousands of items in their product line.
Building materials were chosen to provide a unique aesthetic quality
along with durability and low maintenance. This was achieved with the
use of granite, brick, aluminum and highly efficient, glazed, insulated
glass by PPG. Dark granite columns were used to contrast the light
masonry facade. The masonry facade was envisioned for the building
exterior as a gesture to the long history of Fairmont Supply and their
strength in the mining industry. The polished granite and metal accents
are reminders of their forward thinking; looking to technological
advancements for improved safety and productivity. Punched openings
allowed the Architect to use storefront glazing in lieu of curtainwall;
keeping costs in line with budget constraints. The building portrays a
distinctively different personality after dusk with strategically placed
up-lighting to create a dramatic effect.
Fairmont's original program required a total of 50,000 square feet of
space. With the amount of growth anticipated over the coming years; the
space plan was increased to 75,000 square feet; allowing for short-term
tenant occupancy on the ground floor. Open office areas were planned to
reduce energy consumption and provide spacious work areas. The open
areas allow natural light to infiltrate deep into office spaces and
cubicles; helping to create a pleasant work environment. Equipped with a
cafeteria, multiple conference rooms and training rooms, the building
provides high quality office space for all functions needed for day to
day operations.
Product Information
Metal Panels: Alcoa Architectural Products
Insulated Glass:
Interior: USG
Roof: Carlisle Syntec
Flooring: Armstrong, Johnsonite, Patcraft, Durkan/Karastan
Entrances & Storefronts, Windows: Kawneer
Elevators: ThyssenKrupp
©2015 Copyright DC&D Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. | DCD
Construction Magazine | Email:


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Recently PBS film-maker Whitney Dow strongly invoked Poe's Law by creating "The Whiteness Project", a series of interviews designed to encourage the sort of racial navel-gazing so beloved by members of the political left. Part Struggle Session, part voyeuristic horror, Dow's project ostensibly proves that yes, we white folk are still awful, and yes, we can still clutch our pearls over it. If you were perhaps concerned that popular consciousness was forgetting about the White Devil and his evil ways, rest assured, Dow is dragging that demon back into the spotlight for us all to view with a mix of mortification and curiosity.
Like any good unintentional troll, reactions to this were quite diverse. Plenty of Basketball Americans were simply outraged white folks were given a venue to be racist, not understanding that for white folk, ridiculing and castigating other whites constitutes an important part of our social signaling. One clueless Vietnamese gentleman actually thought this constituted some form of PBS sponsored white nationalism. Of course bourgeois leftists picked up on the joke and observed "The Whiteness Project will make you wince. Because white people can be rather awful.", while also highlighting the observation the real danger is that such a project "re-centers whites". Look Mr Thrasher, I really don't know how the Hell we're supposed to talk about what racist miscreants white people are without mentioning whiteness. Perhaps we should simply refer to all white folk as "The race which dare not speak its name" to avoid re-centering social studies and popular attention on whiteness, which is by some reports entirely disproportionate. Obviously it is also a bit hilarious to say "white people" can be "rather awful", a sort of sentiment no one would ever dare to repeat about blacks, Muslims, or the Japanese.
Thrasher further goes on to repeat this Cultural Marxist talking point as if it represents scientific fact and not some hilariously contrived piece of commie rhetoric:
"Whiteness, like all racial identities, is a relatively recent historical concept, conceived during European colonialism and American slavery as a way to empower poor whites with "whiteness" and divide them politically and economically from other disenfranchised people."
Oh say it ain't so, racial dichotomies were invented by the capitalist overlords to keep the proletariat divided into bickering groups of people separated by trivial cosmetic differences while they exploit and plunder all of us? Cool story, bro.
The film-maker himself had a lot to say about his Rustlemania Project, including the mundane observation that of all the different troll-targets, it was progressive white people that were the most triggered. More interestingly, he noted that many liberal whites and even some blacks think "they're outside the paradigm of racial debate because they're righteous". Morally uppity progressives think they're above the fray and coolly repeat some trope about race being a social construct? Merciful heavens, what a startling development. This entire time I really thought those liberals represented the apex of human moral development and enlightenment. Personally I think Whitney Dow probably fails to understand that Two Minutes Hate Sessions are a vital part of the progressive experience, and in fact, he did them a great service in documenting this everyday white evil for them to cathartically attack.
Finally, this entire post-modern spectacle concludes with the film-maker agreeing with Ta-Nehisi Coates's "analysis": "Progressives think race is a fault in the system that needs to be addressed through measures to right wrongs, but in fact, white supremacy is the organizing principle of the country." Now that is one telling admission, apparently white supremacy is what organized America and made it great. Maybe if writing for the Atlantic doesn't pan out, Coates could go to work for David Duke. Frankly, I agree whole-heartedly with this premise: Modern America was almost entirely created by white folk, and the success of this country couldn't have possibly been produced by a population of Sub-Saharan Africans, Australian Aborigines, or native Easter Islanders. No shit Sherlock, European white settlers built the United States and it's largely based on their value set,* a value set with a proven track record of success. *So really, white people talking about whiteness should indeed be something worth celebrating, since without those white folk, you wouldn't have a Twitter account to digitally wring your hands with and kvetch about white privilege on.
Why if whiteness didn't exist, what on earth would we complain about?


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MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE – This morning, former Alderman Patrick Arnold filed his declaration of candidacy for the office of Mayor of Manchester, making official his second bid to challenge the failed policies and absent leadership of three-term Mayor Ted Gatsas.
"I'm running for mayor of Manchester because the people of our city deserve better than the status quo and business as usual at City Hall. Over the last several years especially, our city has suffered from the timidity and ineffectiveness of the current administration. Drug activity and violent crime remain out of control. Opportunities for progress continue to be squandered. Taxpayers continue to seek a better return for their tax dollars," said Arnold.
"While others will offer merely the illusion of change, I will be advocating for authentic change to meet our city's challenges head on," Arnold continued.
Patrick Arnold is a candidate for mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. Arnold served as a Manchester Alderman from 2009 until 2014. In 2013, he was the Democratic candidate for mayor against Mayor Ted Gatsas, the Republican incumbent. Less than 500 voters separated Manchester from new executive leadership in 2013. In March 2014, the Manchester Board of Aldermen unanimously confirmed Arnold's appointment to the city's Conduct Committee. An attorney by trade, Arnold earned his law degree at the University of New Hampshire School of Law. He and his wife, Kathy, have a daughter, Abigail.


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Being a forex newbie, if you are going to do XAU USD daily technical analysis, you have taken up a challenging task, I must say. But do you have a clear understanding of technical analysis? If not, then it is the most vital part that you should learn. Through this approach of analysis, you have to frame trading strategies based the price movement of the currency against time given in a chart.
Price Chart: The price chart has one vertical axis determining price and one horizontal axis determining time. Through this chart, you can track the changing trends and patterns for understanding the market direction and movement. You can view these charts on a daily basis or even at intervals like 4 hours, 1 hour or 15 minutes.
XAU USD daily technical analysis: Daily chart
In the context the forex market, you can make effective interpretations only when you have a proper understanding of the daily chart. It is a visual representation of pip movement, and price action takes place on 24 hours basis.
This chart contains a summary of events of the whole day, open, close, high, low prices of the currency pair XAU/USD. The daily technical analysis is a wonderful tool to have an idea of the underlying trend. Being a forex day trader, you can use these indications to analyse what's coming in the next days, weeks and months.
Gold as a leading indicator of price movement:
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Gold has a direct impact on movements in price charts. Also, the metal, traded everywhere across the globe (starting from small vegetable vendors to large multinational companies), gives a proxy for value as well. So, this can certainly give you invaluable cue.
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About Us
The Wanderer is a magazine run by Oxford University students which views travel writing as a medium through which discussion on political and socio-economic issues from across the globe can be explored in an imaginative, creative format, including writing, photography and artwork. The current editor is Victoria Lampard.
For submissions, from ideas to fully-developed articles, please e-mail email@example.com


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Tevapedia, the real free encyclopedia at Wikia
The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse is rapper Jay-Z's 7th studio album released in 2002. Parts of the album were later reissued as The Blueprint 2.1 in 2003.
This album, like Jay-Z's previous four, debuted at #1 with over 545,000 units shipped in its first week of sales. The album was criticized for its more pop-oriented sound as well as its plethora of guests, while The Blueprint had been almost devoid of guest appearances.
Though the album has no strict concept in view, the first disc The Gift generally has more upbeat, party tracks, including the hit singles "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" and "Excuse Me Miss." The Curse has a somewhat darker tone, including disses to Nas, Ja Rule and Jay-Z's former mentor Jaz-O on "Blueprint 2" and a dramatic street tale on "Meet the Parents."
Signed Roc-A-Fella Records producers Kanye West and Just Blaze, as well as longtime collaborators The Neptunes and Timbaland contributed heavily to the album's production. Other producers are Dr. Dre, Heavy D, and No I.D.. At this time, it is assumed that Jay-Z had just started a relationship with actress, singer, dancer, Beyonce Knowles.
Track listing
Disc one: The Gift
|Featured guest (s)
|"A Dream"
|S. Carter, C. Wallace, K. West, S. Combs, J.C. Olivier, J. Mtume
|Kevin Miller
|Faith Evans & The Notorious B.I.G.
|"Hovi Baby"
|S. Carter, J. Smith, K. Edmonds
|Just Blaze
|Additional vocals: Christy Love
|"The Watcher 2"
|S. Carter, A. Young, W. Griffin
|Dr. Dre
|Dr. Dre, Rakim & Truth Hurts
Background vocals: Terri
|"'03 Bonnie & Clyde"
|S. Carter, K. West, T. Shakur, D. Harper, T. Rouse, T. Wrice, P. Nelson
|Kanye West
|Beyoncé Knowles
|"Excuse Me Miss"
|S. Carter, P. Williams, C. Hugo
|The Neptunes
|Additional vocals: Pharrell Williams (uncreditted)
|"What They Gonna Do"
|S. Carter, T. Mosley
|Sean Paul
|"All Around the World"
|S. Carter, D. Wilson, G. Clinton Jr., W. Collins, Hawkins, J. Jefferson, C. Simmons, J. Vitti, J. Theracon, B. Hawes
|No I.D.
|LaToiya Williams
|"Poppin' Tags"
|S. Carter, A. Patton, C. Mitchell, K. West, W. Robinson, R. Michael
|Kanye West
|Big Boi, Killer Mike & Twista
Additional vocals: Sleepy Brown and Debra Killings
|"Fuck All Nite"
|S. Carter, P. Williams, C. Hugo
|The Neptunes
|Additional vocals: Pharrell Williams (uncreditted) and Tanisha Carnes
|"The Bounce"
|S. Carter, T. Mosley
|Kanye West (uncreditted)
Guest vocals: Raje Shwari
|"I Did It My Way"
|S. Carter, C. Stanton, J. Kendrix, J. Revaud, G. Thibaut, P. Anka, C. Francois
|Jimmy Kendrix and Big Chuck
|Paul Anka
Disc two: The Curse
|Featured guest (s)
|"Diamond Is Forever"
|S. Carter, C. Stanton, T. Feemster
|Ron Feemster and Big Chuck
|Additional vocals: Michelle Rosario
|"Guns & Roses"
|S. Carter, D. Myers, J. McCrea
|Heavy D
|Lenny Kravitz
|"U Don't Know (Remix)"
|S. Carter, J. Grinnage, E. Murray, J. Smith, B. Byrd
|Just Blaze
|"Meet the Parents"
|S. Carter, J. Smith
|Just Blaze
|"Some How Some Way"
|S. Carter, D. Grant, B. Jordan, J. Smith, M. McGloiry
|Just Blaze
|Beanie Sigel & Scarface
|"Some People Hate"
|S. Carter, K. West, B. Russell
|Kanye West
|S. Carter, H. Charlemagne, E. Morricone
|"Nigga Please"
|S. Carter, C. Ries, P. Williams, C. Hugo
|The Neptunes
|Young Chris
Additional vocals: Pharrell Williams (uncredited)
|"2 Many Hoes"
|S. Carter, T. Mosley
|Additional vocals: Timbaland
|"As One"
|S. Carter, M. Cox, L. Pridgen, C. Ries, E. Del Barrio, K. Johnson, M. White, V. White, J. Smith, P. Ziyas, H. Muhammed
|Just Blaze
|Memphis Bleek, Freeway, Young Gunz, Beanie Sigel, Peedi Crakk, Omillio Sparks & Rell
|"A Ballad for the Fallen Soldier"
|S. Carter, P. Williams, C. Hugo
|The Neptunes
|Additional vocals: Marc Dorsey
|"Show You How"*
|S. Carter, J. Smith
|Just Blaze
|"Bitches & Sisters"*
|S. Carter, J. Smith, I. Hayes, D. Porter
|Just Blaze
|"What They Gonna Do Part II"*
|S. Carter, D. Branch
|Darrell "Digga" Branch
*Bonus tracks
The Gift
A Dream
Hovi Baby
- "Diggin' On You (Live)" by TLC
'03 Bonnie & Clyde
All Around the World
- Interpolation of "Sadie" by B. Hawes
- "Theme From The Black Hole" by George Clinton
- "Children Get Together" by Ed Hawkins
Poppin' Tags
- "After All" by The Marvelettes
I Did It My Way
- "My Way" by Paul Anka
The Curse
Guns & Roses
- "Arco Arena" by Cake
U Don't Know (Remix)
- "I'm Not To Blame" by Bobby Byrd
Some How Some Way
- "Castles Of Sand" by Jermaine Jackson
Blueprint 2
As One
- "Fantasy" by Earth, Wind & Fire
Bitches & Sisters
- "When Something Is Wrong With My Baby" by Kim Weston
Some People Hate
- "A Word Called Love" by Brenda Russell


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Business, Careers, Management & Marketing, Education, Training, TechnologyFollow
|Management & Marketing
Pat Flynn from The Smart Passive Income Blog reveals all of his online business and blogging strategies, income sources and killer marketing tips and tricks so you can be ahead of the curve with your online business or blog. Discover how you can create multiple passive income streams that work for you so that you can have the time and freedom to do what you love, whether it's traveling the world, or just living comfortably at home. Although Pat confesses he is not a millionaire, he's been supporting his family 100% with passive income generated online, easily earning a six-figure salary while working only a few hours a week. Automation, outsourcing, crowdsourcing, search engine optimization, building authority and trust, niche sites, social media, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Podcasting, eBooks, online courses, affiliate marketing, getting things done and everything that works (and doesn't work) to help you better understand how to crush it with your online business.
July 2nd, 2015
Episode 395 of 513 episodes
Running a successful online business takes serious effort. Today's guest doesn't just run one successful online business—he runs several! I first connected with Scott Turner through his company Green Building Education Services when I was just starting out, building my own Green Exam Academy. When I re-connected with him at the 1-Day Business Breakthrough, I realized that Scott hadn't just stopped there. He'd launched several businesses across a variety of niches. Now, he's enjoying multiple income streams and living the passive income lifestyle.SPI 168: Multiple Successful Businesses in Multiple Niches with Scott Turner is a post from: The Smart Passive Income Blog
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Welcome to the Brain Training Podcast, the daily audio workout for your head. In this podcast we have two games for you, each with three rounds which get progressively harder. To enjoy the full experience, relax, and avoid distractions whilst you listen.


text:
Police Guitarist Brings Memoir To Big Screen
Police guitarist Andy Summers which will boast 25,000 photos from his collection as well as footage from the band's reunion tour.
Police guitarist Andy Summers is turning his autobiography "One Train Later" into a feature documentary, which will boast 25,000 photos from his collection as well as footage from the band's reunion tour.
Lauren Lazin ("Tupac: Resurrection") is in negotiations to direct the picture, which counts Nicolas Cage among its producers. Summers is in talks to narrate.
The band's June 23 concert at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles was filmed with several helicopters, and shooting will continue over three continents until the tour wraps in the spring.
The film will trace Summers' life from his youth in post-World War II England to his time playing with the Animals and 1960s psychedelic bands to the Police's formation and current reunion.
It will be similar in style to the Robert Evans documentary "The Kid Stays in the Picture," which used animated sequences to recount the life of the Hollywood producer. That film was directed by Brett Morgen, who is also on board the Summers film as a producer.
Morgen said he hoped to have the film ready in time for the Sundance Film Festival in early 2009. It will be released by Yari Film Group.
Thanks for the info to Yahoo! News


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Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish
Comparative and evolutionary genomics
The genomic basis of teleost phenotypic complexity remains obscure, despite increasing availability of genome and transcriptome sequence data. Fish-specific genome duplication cannot provide sufficient explanation for the morphological complexity of teleosts, considering the relatively large number of extinct basal ray-finned fishes.
In this study, we performed comparative genomic analysis to discover the Conserved Teleost-Specific Genes (CTSGs) and orphan genes within zebrafish and found that these two sets of lineage-specific genes may have played important roles during zebrafish embryogenesis. Lineage-specific genes within zebrafish share many of the characteristics of their counterparts in other species: shorter length, fewer exon numbers, higher GC content, and fewer of them have transcript support. Chromosomal location analysis indicated that neither the CTSGs nor the orphan genes were distributed evenly in the chromosomes of zebrafish. The significant enrichment of immunity proteins in CTSGs annotated by gene ontology (GO) or predicted
Our study provides the first systematic identification of two different sets of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish and provides valuable information leading towards a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the genomic basis of teleost phenotypic complexity for future studies.
Teleosts, which roughly constitute 96% of all living fishes and half of the extant vertebrate, are the most phenotypically diversified and species-rich group of all the vertebrate species
Besides the fish-specific genome duplication, alternative explanations for the increasing morphological complexity of teleosts include their experience with a higher rate of chromosomal rearrangements
Lineage-specific genes, also referred to as taxonomically restricted genes (TRGs)
In this study, we identified Conserved Teleost-Specific Genes (CTSGs) and orphan genes in zebrafish using comparative genomics. We then characterized each set of these genes by diverse features, including gene size, protein size, exon number, GC content, transcript support, and chromosomal locations. As a large portion of the CTSGs and orphan genes have no known function,
Identification of CTSGs and orphan genes
The procedure used to identify orphan genes and CTSGs was modified from previous studies
Figure 1
Procedure for identifying lineage-specific genes in zebrafish
Procedure for identifying lineage-specific genes in zebrafish.
Additional file 1: Table S2
List of orphan genes identified in the study.
Click here for file
Additional file 2: Table S3
List of conserved teleosts specific genes.
Click here for file
Characterization of CTSGs and orphan genes
Several general tendencies of lineage-specific genes and orphan genes (similar to older genes and younger genes) in different taxa have been observed in previous studies. First, younger genes tend to have shorter gene size, shorter proteins, and fewer exon numbers than older ones
The physical locations of the two sets of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish were assigned to the 25 zebrafish chromosomes according to the information from Ensembl version 64
Figure 2
The numbers of lineage-specific genes on each chromosome in zebrafish. Both numbers and percentages are shown
The numbers of lineage-specific genes on each chromosome in zebrafish. Both numbers and percentages are shown.
Our results showed a trend similar to previous studies that found that younger genes exhibited lower expression on average
Functional inference using ProtFun
It has been shown that few of the highly taxonomically restricted genes (lineage-specific genes) have been the focus of experimental work or could be characterized by GO categories
To further explore the functions of the two sets of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish, their cellular roles and GO categories were predicted using the ProtFun 2.2 server (Figure
Figure 3
Functional categorization of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish
Functional categorization of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish. Cellular role (A, C) and GO category (B, D) were determined
High percentage of lineage-specific genes generated via gene duplications
Gene duplication followed by rapid sequence divergence by a paralog, which is beyond the threshold of similarity searches, has long been thought to be the major mechanism that provided raw materials for the emergence of new genes since the publication of the famous monograph authored by Susumu Ohno
Through this analysis, we found about 36.4% (24) of orphan genes had paralogs, of which only five (7.6%) were evolutionarily conserved. That is, only about 7.6% of orphan genes were generated via gene doubling. Compared with the relatively low percentage of orphan genes formed by gene duplication, the contribution of gene duplication to the generation of CTSGs was very remarkable. As much as 57.8% of CTSGs could have emerged as a result of the duplication-divergence mechanism, which was much higher than previous reports for insects
Figure 4
Percentages of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish with evidence for origin by gene duplication (A) and similarity between lineage-specific genes and their widely evolutionary conserved paralogs as well as not widely evolutionary conserved paralogs (B)
Percentages of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish with evidence for origin by gene duplication (A) and similarity between lineage-specific genes and their widely evolutionary conserved paralogs as well as not widely evolutionary conserved paralogs (B).
Additional file 3: Table S4
Lineage-specific genes with paralogs that are conserved outside the taxa.
Click here for file
Additional file 4: Table S5
Lineage-specific genes with paralogs that are not conserved outside the taxa.
Click here for file
Orphan genes are preferentially expressed in the reproductive system
The EST database is a collection of millions of ESTs gathered from thousands of RNA libraries covering dozens of zebrafish organs or tissues at different developmental stages
Through this stringent pipeline, we found that orphan genes were preferentially expressed in reproductive organs and tissues compared with other organs at a 5% significance level (Table
Temporal and spatial expression profiles of lineage-specific genes
Knowing the expression patterns of lineage-specific genes at different developmental stages and in different tissues or organs is essential to illuminate whether the lineage-specific genes have corresponding biological function. Therefore, we exploited the RNA-seq data to assess a far more precise measurement of the temporal and spatial expression profiles of these lineage-specific genes. RNA-seq is a recently developed method to transcriptome profiling that uses high throughput technologies and is a powerful method to quantify the expression of genes
Evidence for the expression of the lineage-specific genes in zebrafish, here defined as the mapped reads to their coding regions, was found in the transcriptome data for 54 of the 66 orphan genes (81.8%) and 129 of the 135 CTSGs (95.6%). These percentages were significantly higher than those observed using EST/FL-cDNA data. For the remaining 12 orphan genes not represented by RNA-seq data, one had evidence of expression in EST data and one had evidence of expression in protein data. Thus, the failure to find evidence for expression of these two genes with RNA-seq data may suggest that the two genes were expressed in other developmental stages and tissues or at a very low level in the analyzed developmental stages and tissues, or the expression evidence based on the EST and protein data may be incorrect (i.e. as a result of contamination by other samples). As for the other 10 orphan genes not represented by RNA-seq data, their gene models have probably been incorrectly annotated, considering that each of them had a transcript less than 60 bp. On the other hand, expression evidence for the 6 CTSGs not represented by RNA-seq data had all been found from EST data. Therefore, the failure to find evidence for expression using RNA-seq data may suggest that these genes were expressed in other developmental stages or tissues. For example, gene ENSDARG00000094271 was expressed in olfactory tissue at about 3–4 months old and gene ENSDARG00000089157 was expressed in kidney tissue, which was not included in our RNA-seq data.
In addition to the high tissue preferences observed in previous studies, we also discovered two intriguing temporal expression patterns of the lineage-specific genes within zebrafish. First, lineage-specific genes were more likely to be enriched in later-stage embryos and early larval stages with a higher fraction of orphan genes. The mean normalized level of gene expression, as defined here by the sum of all the RPKM for all developmental stages divided by the total number of lineage-specific genes, was generally higher in later-stage embryos and early larval stages than in early-stage embryos (Figure
Figure 5
Temporal expression profiles of lineage-specific genes during zebrafish embryogenesis
Temporal expression profiles of lineage-specific genes during zebrafish embryogenesis. (A) Mean normalized expression levels of lineage-specific genes during embryogenesis are defined by the mean level of expression as the sum of all the RPKM for each developmental stages divided by the total number of lineage-specific genes. The vertical axis represents value of mean the normalized expression levels and abscissa axis represents the 15 time-points. (B) The proportion of the lineage-specific genes that have expressed reads in the 15 time-points. (C) The proportion of the lineage-specific genes having their highest normalized expression levels in each of the 15 developmental stages.
Additional file 5: Figure S1
Proportion of genes having second (A), third (B), and fourth (C) highest expression levels in each developmental stage.
Click here for file
Several individual lineage-specific genes were also found to have intriguing expression patterns (Additional file
Additional file 6: Figure S2
Four genes with special expression patterns.
Click here for file
Additional file 7: Table S6
List of the number of unique mapped reads and RPKM for both orphan genes and CTSGs expressed at different developmental stages and different organs.
Click here for file
In order to validate the expression pattern of these lineage-specific genes, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used. Primers for 16 lineage-specific genes (5 orphan genes and 11 CTSGs) were designed and all of these genes were amplified. The information of the primers and the results of RT-PCR were provided (Additional file
Additional file 8: Table S7
The information of the primers for RT-PCR.
Click here for file
Additional file 9: Figure S3
The results of RT-PCR. The products of RT-PCR were sorted by their length.
Click here for file
Enormous lineage-specific genes identified in other taxa with potentially important functions
Both the CTSGs and orphan genes had shorter gene length compared with the EC genes, probably owing to fewer numbers of exons per gene and higher percentage of intronless lineage-specific genes. For example, nearly 28% of orphan genes contained only one exon, while the percentage of single exon EC genes was only 6%. One reason for such a difference may be that intronless genes can arise via retroposition, which has been confirmed to create a large amount of new genes in the zebrafish genome
Generally speaking, lineage-specific genes are thought to play significant roles in the evolution of lineage specific phenotypes and adaptive innovation
Variation of gene number within different organisms suggests a general process of new gene origination
Previous studies have shown that young new genes generated by various mechanisms seem to have been preferentially endowed with testis-specific or testis-biased expression patterns
Expression analyses of lineage-specific genes using EST or microarrays have elucidated the fact that lineage-specific novel genes are preferentially expressed in specific tissues or organs, such as the testis or brain
In the study, we have identified two sets of lineage-specific genes, CTSGs and orphan genes, which are specific to teleosts and zebrafish, respectively. The Conserved Teleost-Specific Genes were found to be especially enriched in proteins with immunity functions, implying that defense against invasion by diverse pathogens was critical to the successful diversification of teleosts. We also revealed that, in addition to being highly tissue-preferred expression, lineage-specific genes are also highly temporally restricted and are preferentially expressed in later-stage embryos and early larval stages compared with early-embryos. This study provides valuable information for further analysis of the functions of these genes during zebrafish embryogenesis and will be helpful in improving the understanding of the successful diversification of teleosts.
Sequence data sets
Both the detection method and the reference set of genomes to be blasted are important for identifying lineage-specific genes, so we used a method called 'phylostratigraphy' to obtain the lineage-specific genes within zebrafish
Additional file 10: Table S1
List of the genomes and proteomes used in this study.
Click here for file
Homolog search
The two sets of lineage-specific genes within zebrafish were identified in a pipeline (Figure
Gene characteristics and chromosomal localization
The genic information for the orphan genes, CTSGs, and ECs were downloaded from Ensembl version 64 using BIOMART (
Protein function assignment and category
Since there were few homologs between the lineage-specific genes and the genes in the public database, ProtFun 2.2 server
Gene duplication analysis
Gene duplication has long been thought as a major mechanism providing raw materials for the origin of new genes and innovations for genome evolution. Thus, we sought out to determine which lineage-specific genes had paralogs in the zebrafish that were more evolutionarily conserved than the lineage-specific genes. Such genes may indicate that the corresponding lineage-specific gene was generated via gene duplication followed by rapid sequence divergence. To accomplish this, we first downloaded the paralogs of orphan genes and CTSGs annotated in Ensembl using Biomart. Then, we further analyzed the lineage-specific genes that have paralogs to determine if any were more evolutionarily conserved; that is, at least one of the paralogs have homologs outside the teleosts or zebrafish.
Expression analysis using EST and full-length cDNA
The expression data for EST and full-length cDNA (FL-cDNA) of zebrafish were downloaded from the UCSC (
Characterization of expression patterns for CTSGs and orphan genes by RNA–Seq
RNA-Seq, a recently developed method to transcriptome profiling that uses high-throughput sequencing technologies, has been shown to be extremely accurate for quantifying expression levels of genes and should have to revolutionize the manner in which eukaryotic transcriptomes are studied
In order to evaluate the temporal specificity between the lineage-specific genes and the evolutionarily conserved genes, the temporal specificity score, here defined as 1- H(g)/log2(N), of the different sets of genes were determined, where H(g) is the Shannon entropy that could be a good measure of uncertainty.
Statistical analysis
In this study, we used one-way ANOVA followed by a Duncan's post hoc test (for equal variance) or Dunnett's T3 test (for unequal variance) to test whether there were significant differences between the characteristics of lineage-specific genes and that of ECs, as well as among the temporal specificity scores of the three categories of genes analyzed. The Spearman's correlation test was used to determine whether the number of lineage-specific genes on chromosomes correlated with the length of the chromosomes. The
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
LY developed the algorithm, carried out the analyses and drafted the manuscript. MZ and BF participated in algorithm development and the data analysis. SH designed and participated in the analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We are thankful to Professor Yong E. Zhang in the Institute of Zoology of Chinese Academy of Sciences for his critical reading of the manuscript. We are very grateful to Lihong Guan to perform the experiments. We are also grateful to Chengchi Fang and Zaixuan Zhong for their help with our experiments. This work was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31090254 and U1036603) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-Z-0807).
From 2R to 3R: evidence for a fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD)
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Genome evolution and biodiversity in teleost fish
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Ancient noncoding elements conserved in the human genome
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The evolutionary origin of orphan genes
An evolutionary analysis of orphan genes in Drosophila
Origin of primate orphan genes: a comparative genomics approach
The other side of comparative genomics: genes with no orthologs between the cow and other mammalian species
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Genome-wide identification of lineage-specific genes in Arabidopsis, Oryza and Populus
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The universal distribution of evolutionary rates of genes and distinct characteristics of eukaryotic genes of different apparent ages
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Ensembl 2012
BioMart and Bioconductor: a powerful link between biological databases and microarray data analysis
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On the origin of new genes in Drosophila
The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes
Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information
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Zebrafish mRNA sequencing deciphers novelties in transcriptome dynamics during maternal to zygotic transition
Systematic identification of long noncoding RNAs expressed during zebrafish embryogenesis
Incorporating RNA-seq data into the zebrafish Ensembl genebuild
Characterization of taxonomically restricted genes in a phylum-restricted cell type
Orphans as taxonomically restricted and ecologically important genes
Polyploidy and crop improvement
The rapid generation of chimerical genes expanding protein diversity in zebrafish
The origin of introns and their role in eukaryogenesis: a compromise solution to the introns-early versus introns-late debate?
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The structure and evolution of centromeric transition regions within the human genome
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Temporal colinearity and the phylotypic progression - a basis for the stability of a vertebrate bauplan and the evolution of morphologies through heterochrony
Prediction of human protein function from post-translational modifications and localization features
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The UCSC genome browser database: update 2011
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