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My barn having burned down, I can now see the moon. – Mizuta Masahide
Only the humble improve. – Wynton Marsalis
Photo: Don D'Souza/EWB
Foreword Sarah Elizabeth Lewis Author
For some, admitting failure can be nearly impossible, never mind learning from it. If an international development organization rescues children from poverty or executes rescue missions from natural disasters—tsunamis, hurricanes and more—it can be difficult to reveal how and why things did not go as planned. In some quarters, there is such cynicism about the efficacy of development aid that conceding defeat, even for an instant, is inconceivable. The competition to secure funding has also created a palpable reticence to disclose mistakes and failures. Yet, try as we might to eliminate failure from the natural process of achieving any goal, we instinctively seem to know that learning from it has a transformative, irreplaceable, propellant power. The gift of failure is a riddle. Like the number zero it can be both the void and the start of infinite possibility. So how do we multiply something by zero and increase its value? How exactly does a setback become an aid? As it turns out, there is a way. One Canadian organization's courageous self-criticality launched an initiative that became an illuminative beacon for international development. Engineers Without Borders (EWB) Canada has dared to speak publicly about their setbacks, not only to improve the efficacy of their
international aid, but in the hopes of getting their peers to talk about their failures with greater transparency as well. It has been groundbreaking, one of the great catalytic moments in the field. "Impressive." "Bold leadership." These were the words that William H. Gates Sr., Co-Chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, used to describe EWB's initiative in the Foreword he penned for the 2010 Failure Report. His conclusion? "I am optimistic that this good example will strengthen the global dialogue on how to learn from failure to achieve the greatest impact for those who are looking to serve." His prediction has already come true. Other international development organizations have begun to consider the admission of failure as a productive mode of initiating improvement. It has fed a larger discussion of international development aid efficacy within other NGOs, organizations such as the Stanford Innovation Institute, and on the pages of journals such as The Guardian. The 2011 Failure Report, which features self-reflections on breakdowns in communication, leadership, and transparency, shows the perceptual gains that only occur when an organization pays attention to the very things we often avoid on the road to success. We make discoveries, breakthroughs and inventions in part because we are free enough to acknowledge when we have fallen short of our stated goals. As an outgrowth of humility, transparency, and self-criticality at the heart of EWB, the organization launched an interactive web portal, AdmittingFailure.com, to broaden the conversations that began with the 2008 Failure Report across the field between NGOs, donors and
related governments. It has served as a reminder to courageous funders that 100% success means something is wrong. As one put it to me, "it means that we're either choosing very simple issues, or we're lying about our results."
...try as we might to eliminate failure from the natural process of achieving any goal, we instinctively seem to know that learning from it has a transformative, irreplaceable, propellant power. As stated on AdmittingFailure.com, the alternative to this benevolent form of whistleblowing on themselves is similar to this situation: "A mistake is made somewhere in rural Tanzania. It is not publicized—a donor might be upset. Two years later, the same mistake is repeated in Ghana. Six months later in Mali. And so the story continues as it has for over 60 years." Inspired by the iterative approach in innovation, EWB knows that "by hiding our failures, we are condemning ourselves to repeat them and we are stifling innovation. In doing so, we are condemning ourselves to continue under-performing in the development sector." The remarkable individuals at EWB are as humble about their approach as they are bold in having initiated this manner of public disclosure. They are certainly aware of the potential asymmetry regarding who determines what constitutes failure in the context of development aid.
Yet their approach has made them more aware of the many stakeholders involved in their work, liberating them from what William Easterly describes as "the West's self-pleasing fantasy that 'we' were the chosen ones to save the Rest." Instead, they believe that the community with a challenge might have the seed of the solution within it as well. The Failure Report is about conversion, not about momentary defeat. It is about the story of human capacity. It is fueled by the desire to ignite change within the field of international development. The model EWB presents is the critical idea that success is only possible if we include a rigorous analysis of its seeming opposite. Scholar, writer, and curator Sarah Lewis is currently finishing her book, "Rise," under contract with Simon & Schuster (U.S., 2013 release), HarperCollins (U.K.) and in over 6 countries to date. Drawing on her work in the arts and expanding into sports, business, psychology, sociology, and science, "Rise" explores the advantage of resilience and so-called failure in successful creative human endeavors. Selected for Oprah's 2010 "Power List," and included as a member of President Obama's Arts Policy Committee, her writing has been published widely. She received her B.A. from Harvard University, an M.Phil from Oxford University, and will receive her PhD from Yale University in 2012.
2011 Failure Report Introduction
Mismatched Timescales
The Communication Iceberg
Ashley Good Boris Martin Alix Krahn
Insight Before Influence: The Need to Stay Grounded in the Field
Agriculture As a Business Fails to Scale
Failure in Leadership Development
Failures in French
Protecting Innovation in a Social Enterprise
Strengthening Traditional Leadership: The Complexity of Community Dynamics
Mike Klassen Erin Antcliffe
Lessons Learned in District Selection Dan Boland
Heather Murdock Kyle Baptista
Mark Hemsworth
Duncan McNicholl
Communications Breakdown Erin Aylward, Courtney Edwards, Simon Fauvel, Min Feng
Resource and Relationship Woes: An Examination of Global Engineering Month 2011
Walking the Walk on Transparency
Patrick Miller
James Haga
The Development of a Strategy Marie-Claire St-Jacques
Failing to Create a Broad Sense of Urgency and Understanding of Organizational Change George Roter
speed at which we achieve it. Last year's report asked readers to revisit past reports and reflect on whether Ashley Good we had learned or repeated Venture Leader, AdmittingFailure.com the same mistakes again. I Engineers Without Borders Canada took this challenge to heart, firstname.lastname@example.com and while my reading did not reveal any repeated failures, I did find trends in In the dynamic and complex world of the types of failures to which EWB seems international development, the path of particularly susceptible. In particular, the a systemic innovation – from the spark innovative and entrepreneurial spirit EWB of a good idea to lasting change – is one prides itself on can come with downfalls, of prototypes, failures, learning and the making us quick to jump on opportunities eventual scaling of innovations that work. without taking the time to fully underWith this process in mind, I welcome stand the situation, stakeholders and risks you to the 2011 Failure Report. Read as 14 needed to plan effectively. members of Engineers Without Borders We also fall prey to a common cause of (EWB) Canada, from every level of the orfailure in the development sector, speganization, share their stories with humil- cifically: misaligned incentive structures ity, self-reflection and dedication to learning – fundamental components In the case of the failure of EWB's culture and values. The role of failure within EWB's report, we are in the culture continues to evolve. This year, process of learning some authors chose to write about program- and team-level failures; how to learn. some involved partners and other stakeholders in assessing and writing their stories and learnings. These failures that skew responsibility and ownership. are harder to talk about as they implicate Finally, we have a tendency to set goals people other than the author. While the which exceed our capacity to deliver; no risk is greater, the payoff is too – open doubt a direct result of the ambition and dialogue, trust, and learning, rich with passion for which EWB is known. nuance and a range of perspectives that Reading through past reports also can serve to make our relationships, and shows that, without a doubt, we did not our work, stronger. know much about publishing failures But publishing our failures is not an when we started these reports. All we had end in itself. We talk about our failures was a culture that supported the idea, to keep ourselves open to learning, and despite the risk. By taking that risk we we learn in order to enhance our ability created the possibility to learn from it. In to create systemic change, as well as the the case of the failure report, we are in
the process of learning how to learn. Now in the fourth year of publishing, trends are starting to appear, and we have had the chance to use this awareness to make failures foreseeable and therefore avoidable. The Failure Report is a microcosm for the learning happening throughout the organization. We write a failure report and through this exercise discover how we can become a stronger learning organization, just as we test ideas as prototypes, reflect, and try again to discover ways to create systemic social change. Learning from failure is a ubiquitous need. The fact that EWB invests in often unproven, early-stage ideas knowing they could fail just makes this truth all the more relevant. Forever innovating and searching, EWB will continue to fail – but always with a mind to constant re-evaluation of our understanding of the problems we are addressing, and continuous adaptation of our innovations. F
Mismatched Timescales Boris Martin African Programs Leadership Team Engineers Without Borders Canada email@example.com
Last year, we decided to approach the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) about the systemic innovations our agriculture teams had been prototyping. The partnership could potentially result in $800,000 invested in EWB, and could enable massive change in agriculture development projects. When we drafted our concept note, Anna-Marie Silvester and Colleen Duncan were leading teams working in Ghana, Zambia and Malawi. AGRA's investment would make it possible to amplify the work we were doing already. AGRA liked our approach on the ground because we were creating new learning systems by ensuring staff and managers embraced learning and had the ability to manage and improve the new systems. We were excited and ready to deliver. When we began this process, I assumed that we could build a partnership with AGRA in less than three months, and I set expectations accordingly. This was misguided. Drafting a concept note took a couple of weeks. We received feedback on it a month later. We then moved to a first draft – which took a few weeks more to
write, and took another few months to review in Nairobi. The same cycle repeated again and again, while we slowly moved towards a final partnership proposal. All together, the process took more than twelve months. Throughout this period, Colleen and Anna-Marie continued managing their teams from a challenging space. They were both hedging – in case we received significant funding to scale with AGRA – and trying to lead their country strategies at the same time. They were growing frustrated, and rightfully so. Slowly, they also realized that the vision for impact they held was not feasible within the expected time frame. The African Program Staff on each of the teams were also growing impatient with the resulting ambiguity of their team's long-term strategy. Overall, this caused a loss of momentum in our ability to deliver value to local partners, and ultimately benefit Dorothy. I failed to realize that AGRA does not function on the same timescale as EWB does. We were ready to deliver at day zero, by virtue of the fact that EWB innovates from the bottom up. AGRA, on the other hand, is used to receiving hundreds of funding proposals, and spends six months to a year approving them. This is the way it works. Going forward, it poses a question about the funding mechanisms that constitute the majority of development money. Is there a timescale match between needs on the ground (which are often location-specific, complex, dynamic, diverse and unpredictable) and the administrative process of reviewing project proposals, hiring staff, and
implementation? This experience affirmed my belief that our programs need a strong base of unconstrained funding, and that we may have to stay forever away from project based partnerships. But when I look back at the hardship this created, I can only wish I had had a better understanding of the timescales when the initial decision was made. F
The Communication Iceberg
and planned to introduce Mr. Goldring to our work and begin talking about aid effectiveness. However, I soon found out that he knew EWB well – he was, in fact, coming to our Conference in January and was planning a trip to visit our projects in Ghana. This was a failure of communicaAlix Krahn tion between EWB's National Office and University of Alberta Chapter I. Neither of us had communicated our Member advocacy activities and I hadn't enquired Engineers Without Borders to see if there was an existing relationship Canada firstname.lastname@example.com at the national level. Because of this failure I missed an opIn December 2010, I walked into the office portunity to build off of previous discusof Peter Goldring, MP for Edmonton East sions between EWB and Mr. Goldring. I and member of the Committee for Foreign could have asked questions and encourAffairs and International Development, aged critical thought around his participalooking to facilitate the creation of a tion in the conference, as well as what he relationship with the EWB University of hoped to achieve by going to Ghana. Alberta chapter. Looking beyond a simple communicaEWB had recently begun the chaptertion failure, this is a knowledge management failure at an organizational level. The systems to capture the The systems to capture the information, the processes to use it, and the buy-in from everyone information, the processes to maintain relevancy all need to use it, and the buy-in to be improved to increase the effectiveness of our work on from everyone to maintain Parliament Hill. Such improvements are also needed to enable relevancy all need to be EWB to do a better job of leveragimproved... ing our distributed network of chapters and city networks across based political advocacy program. Chapthe country, which match the distributed ters were encouraged to meet and start nature of MPs. building relationships with local MPs with This failure illustrated to me the the goals of introducing MPs to EWB's importance of knowledge management. campaign for more effective aid and As proof of my learning, before my next increasing chapter capacity for political meeting with Mr. Goldring I emailed advocacy work. EWB's Director of Advocacy, James Haga, I thought that this was the first to understand how the relationship with contact Mr. Goldring had had with EWB,
Mr. Goldring had progressed. This is just the tip of the iceberg. Lying below the water's surface is the need for systemic improvements in communication and knowledge transfer within EWB. All actors need to value and prioritize sharing information if these systems are to help us learn and improve our work. It's not just about new systems for sharing information, but about the behaviour change needed for continuous improvement. Because of this learning, I have become a champion within my chapter and EWB to make knowledge management and communication a priority. By integrating knowledge management, as well as monitoring and evaluation into my own activities, I believe I can mobilize others to do the same. F
Insight Before Influence: The Need to Stay Grounded in the Field
Mike Klassen African Program Staff, Agricultural Value Chains, Ghana Engineers Without Borders Canada firstname.lastname@example.com
My year-long placement with a large value-chains project in Northern Ghana began with a three-month exploration period, where I was encouraged to explore the local maize, rice, and soya sectors – to build knowledge of and insights into market dynamics and farmer behaviour that would later inform project strategy and innovations. The project's goal was to enhance these local sectors so that they could compete with imported products, ensuring local farmers have markets to sell their crops and opportunities to prosper. During this period, I was given the freedom to visit farmers in their homes and fields, and to embed myself in different businesses to see the challenges from an inside perspective. I didn't do it. I was drawn to the structures and incentives within my partner organization and wanted to figure out why they were causing project staff to act and speak in certain ways. Slowly, my focus began to shift. Time that was supposed to be dedicated to building an understanding of local markets, businesses, and farmers was
more and more frequently dedicated to understanding my partner organization. I shifted my role from staff capacitybuilding to managing the strategy for the inputs and equipment sector of the project. I believed that filling this leadership gap would allow me to have greater impact than I would with capacity building, so I jumped at the opportunity. But my lack of field insight meant I couldn't confidently drive my vision of a transformed market system, and I was unable to provide the strong technical direction that could have led to a more integrated approach by staff in different parts of the country. I had failed. I needed deeper knowledge and insights to be effective in the leadership role I had chosen to fill; the same knowledge and insights that I'd had the opportunity to develop, but ignored. My personal desire to create "more" change outweighed the need to build the knowledge required to make change happen.
to appreciate why EWB strongly recommends that staff spend time in the field, immersing themselves in the dynamics of farmer-business interactions. I recognize this is a principle on which we cannot compromise. This practice provides us with the field insights and understanding required to determine which innovations have the greatest potential to create systemic change for Ghana's smallholder farmers. Just as importantly, it helps us remain grounded and connected to those farmers, ensuring that we can see things from their perspective. F
During this period, I was given the freedom to visit farmers in their homes and fields, and to embed myself in different businesses to see the challenges from an inside perspective. I didn't do it. I'm certainly not the first person in the development sector to make this mistake. We regularly make assumptions about the way things work (in this case, input firms and farmers) without getting into the field to challenge our preconceived notions, and without fully understanding the existing system before trying to change it. As a result of this failure, I've come
Agriculture As a Business Fails to Scale Erin Antcliffe African Programs Staff, Public Sector Agriculture, Ghana Engineers Without Borders Canada email@example.com
Agriculture contributes to 35.8% of Ghana's GDP (2006) and provides the main source of livelihood for about 60% of the population. In rural northern Ghana, over 80% of people earn their income from farming, but lack the education and business skills to run their farms as profitable businesses. EWB has been working with the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) in Ghana since 2004. In 2007, we began work with MoFA staff to develop a training program for farmers called Agriculture As a Business (AAB). Its objectives were to: 1. Build strong Farmer-Based Organizations (FBOs) with a united purpose, 2. Train farmers in business skills and decision-making, 3. Build MoFA extension capacity in FBO development and promote agriculture as a business.
For over two years, EWB staff, alongside MoFA's best field staff, were developing, designing, testing and adapting a series of training modules. Together they drove the development of AAB, working to understand the program's strengths and weaknesses in implementation. This combined effort led to great ownership of AAB among EWB staff and top-performing
MoFA staff, but not among district management. The underlying hypothesis was that MoFA's management would see the value in this tool, and would subsequently coordinate its expansion. This hypothesis was based on previous scale successes, previous adoption of EWB tools, and verbal verification of interest from MoFA leadership – but this hypothesis was not tested until too late. This was our failure. We were building strong relationships with MoFA as we built the AAB tool, but we weren't building ownership beyond a handful of top-performing staff. EWB also lagged in defining sustainable success. In addition to this, AAB's independent implementation plan (without EWB's support) wasn't developed until 2009, which was too late. The staff in these districts were accustomed to EWB driving the AAB program and weren't ready to take ownership and drive the program without EWB's presence. We also assumed that donors and the Ministry would continue to prioritize support for, and investment in, FarmerBased Organizations. This was incorrect. Incentive structures in MoFA are largely top-down and driven by NGOs or donor
projects that contribute funds to the district. Therefore, if those at the top decide not to invest in FBO development, it's very difficult for a district to maintain this priority on their own. The AAB program faced unfavourable odds no matter what it achieved. This is not to say that there aren't MoFA staff who are driven to do the best work for farmers, despite the political priorities of the day. But they can't yet overcome an incentive system where money, power, and promotions carry a heavy weight. Additionally, they must follow directional orders from management. Today, of the twenty districts that received AAB training, roughly only three of them are still using it in a significant way. In most districts, MoFA staff were confused and disappointed when EWB left them to carry on alone without any additional support. Only the most motivated, hard-working and independent field staff are still using the tool. This is an especially frustrating failure because the tool worked, and it worked well. But it wasn't enough to overcome the deep-rooted incentive system within MoFA.
What could we have done differently?
There are two possible answers to this question: 1. Before we began development, we could have established a conditional agreement with top leaders to expand the program if results warranted, all while operating within MoFA's existing incentive structures. 2. We could have separated the audience for the testing and develop-
ment phase from the sustainability and ownership phase. We could have developed AAB with one group of MoFA staff, but when it came time to test if MoFA could implement the tool unaided, we could have worked with a different group. This may have created less confusion about EWB's role in the initiative and potentially increased ownership and sustainability of the tool in new districts.
Going forward
• We've realized that trends change, just as politics and donors do. We need to track these evolutions more closely and evolve our strategies simultaneously. • AAB is a great tool that works well, but a district-by-district approach to implementation is virtually impossible given the current incentives in the government system. • We must strive to understand who makes decisions and how a tool could be institutionalized within MoFA in the future. • We have had a lot of interest from the private sector and NGOs to use the tool in other contexts. We will generate extra revenue by developing a training package and scaling it through other partners. • In developing new tools, we will ensure buy-in from senior management, as well as a plan for scaling that we can test before investing many resources in prototyping and piloting. F 13
Lessons Learned in District Selection Dan Boland African Programs Staff, Governance and Rural Infrastructure, Ghana Engineers Without Borders Canada email@example.com
This year, EWB's Governance and Rural Infrastructure (G&RI) team emphasized the need to better understand how the District Water and Sanitation Teams (DWSTs) made water-related decisions within Ghana's Northern District governments. We wanted to explore the sector to determine how our team might add value; we elected to place a short-term volun-
that the district environment was not appropriate for building our understanding of DWSTs. As such, Kaitlynn was not able to explore the in-depth questions she had been asked to, and she and I had to do some fast thinking to turn the situation around. Where did I go wrong? My failure was in not recognizing red flags during
During a time of high staff turnover, there was a breakdown in institutional knowledge management within our team.
teer, Kaitlynn Livingstone, with a DWST to generate greater understanding. I was leading the district selection process for Kaitlynn's placement and was strongly considering a district where several past G&RI staff had worked, although none of our current staff had worked there before. I went to visit the district and tried to assess its viability for the placement through a few in-person conversations with district officers. Ultimately, I gave the green light to send Kaitlynn to that district, but realized halfway through Kaitlynn's placement
the viability assessment due to my own confirmation bias. District capacity is hard to predict. As a result, when a team has a long-standing relationship with a particular district, there is an inclination to continue working there. This district had previously produced successful placements connected to the water sector; however, some of the key people and projects that created this enabling environment had moved on, and I did not examine the current situation with as critical an eye as needed. I also failed, however, in not effective-
ly capturing knowledge about the district. During a time of high staff turnover, there was a breakdown in institutional knowledge management within our team. While past G&RI team members may have recognized the unsuitability of the particular district for meeting the placement's objectives, new staff did not understand the district's staffing and funding challenges. I also neglected to consult key partners, both internal and external to government, to solicit their recommendations on district selection. Even though I knew the information was out there, I failed to leverage it properly. Through this failure, our team now recognizes that districts and communities are dynamic and change with time, and that the process by which we select where to work must reflect this. Moreover, our team needs to discover ways of "remembering" institutional knowledge built up over time, even through periods of staff turnover. After recognizing my failure, Kaitlynn and I restructured her placement. She would spent time in two other districts to produce a comparative report on DWST functionality; the report was later passed on and used by other actors in the water sector. It was a remarkable turnaround given the situation, but it still leaves a lot of questions unanswered–particularly the questions originally posed for Kaitlynn to answer. F
Failure in Leadership Development Heather Murdock Queen's University Chapter Member, Engineers Without Borders Canada firstname.lastname@example.com
Student chapters make up a vibrant and important part of Engineers Without Borders Canada, but maintaining a successful and sustainable chapter is no small feat. After two years in the Co-President role, I have learned that the most important contributing factor to chapter sustainability is leadership development. For the Queen's chapter, one of the most effective but challenging initiatives in this area has been our director program. The director program involves a fairly formal application, interview, and hiring process to assign specific and manageable roles to new members. This gives new members a sense of responsibility, and creates a system by which people are held accountable to get stuff done. In 2009, when the chapter was forming, the director program was in its infancy, and our executive team hired 12 directors. Going into our first year as an official chapter in fall of 2010, we had a relatively large executive team and a very strong pool of applicants for director positions. After much deliberation we made the decision to hire 21 new directors. This was an exciting but somewhat risky move as
it nearly doubled the size of the program. We believed, however, that the 21 roles were well defined and we had the capacity to provide each director with support from a member of the executive team.
As the new school year started in fall 2011, I reflected on these failures, and took steps to ensure that there was direct accountability and support for each director hired. I also tried to be more
Student chapters make up a vibrant and important part of Engineers Without Borders Canada, but maintaining a successful and sustainable chapter is no small feat.
The growing director program saw both successes and failures. The failures were evident by spring 2011, when two of the hired directors pulled out of their roles. In one case, the director was working with a large and very motivated team but rarely showed up for meetings or chapter events. He had not been involved with the chapter prior to taking on the role, and we discovered that his understanding of the role did not match that of the team, or of the chapter as a whole. We had failed to effectively communicate our programs and match the right person with the right role. In the other case, the director initially remained enthusiastic, but lacked clear focus in her role. She also received support from several executive members, which meant she did not have one person who was accountable to her. I believe this lack of a single mentor was the source of the problem. It was ineffective and inefficient to have multiple executive team members supporting one director. Efforts should have been made earlier in the year to define her role, and provide effective support.
critical during the interview and selection process to ensure we had the right people in the right roles. We continue to have a large director base – 23 this year – but so far, what we learned from last year about supporting these leaders has helped us to improve the program. F
Failures in French Kyle Baptista Creative Director Engineers Without Borders Canada firstname.lastname@example.com
One of the biggest moments for EWB at our 10th Anniversary Conference was the unveiling of our 2010 Failure Report. Having produced the reports twice before, we knew that our third edition would put EWB on the map. Unable to make it to most of the conference in the days leading up to the unveiling, I was excited to finally be jumping in and witnessing this huge event. With over 800 people in the room, aid thinkers like Scott Gilmore, and Charity Ngoma, a partner of ours from PROFIT Zambia, shared their own reflections of personal failures. We all knew this exercise, while risky, would benefit our entire organization, and hopefully the sector as a whole. Towards the end of the event, with great excitement, we threw open a dozen boxes filled with 1000 Failure Reports. The rush to get the reports to print not only explained my absence in the days beforehand, but also explained why the reports themselves were still warm. After just a few minutes, I was approached by an EWBer from a francophone chapter, fraught with displeasure at what she had immediately spotted on the cover. The report was titled 'Rapport sus les échecs' instead of the agreed upon 'Rapport d'échec.' A poor translation of the title had been printed on 200 reports. I could jump into the details of the
extreme circumstances of the timelines required to produce this report, or the new processes we attempted to cut down time on editing and translation, or even about how we hired contracted typesetters for the first time in years, but unfortunately these are merely symptoms of our organization's broader failure to fully embrace and appreciate the bilingualism of members and donors across the country. This is one I take quite personally, having supported or performed the logistics to get our last five annual reports to print. Meanwhile, our francophone members – despite being constantly supplied with materials that contain typos or poor translations – focus on the cause while they optimistically hope that EWB will get its act together. While constantly aware of issues with translation within our communications, we balance this with dozens of other priorities, and at the end of the day don't add any additional value to this important element. This produced a clear learning for me that of the things we manage poorly, none are responsible for the erosion of trust as much as our failure to properly communicate to and for our French members and stakeholders. Many positive outcomes have risen from this failure. A distributed transla-
tion team has emerged stronger than ever, with dozens of volunteers across the country working to produce bilingual communications and materials with a process of accountability, professionalism, and accuracy and have provided tremendous value to the organization. All that's left is a commitment from the staff responsible for communications at EWB, to not only better accommodate and produce materials for francophone audiences, but also to ensure quality standards that don't leave our membership hopefully optimistic, but rather satisfied and proud. F
Protecting Innovation in a Social Enterprise Mark Hemsworth Director and Founder, Rent-to-Own Ltd. email@example.com
In 2009, EWB provided seed funding to the idea of Rent-to-Own Ltd. with a $20,000 grant. My dream came to life – one of starting a venture in rural Zambia that used tailored financing, personalized training, and onsite delivery to get equipment to the entrepreneurial farmers who need it most. This funding allowed me to prove the concept worked. I discovered that there were at least 10,000 small farmers and businesses that could benefit from the service. Each piece of equipment distributed to Rent-to-Own customers would increase the productivity, and thus profitability, of their farms. After six months of testing I had a decision to make: should I keep Rent-to-Own as a non-profit organisation, or register it as a business? My past experience had shown NGOs didn't always react to what the beneficiaries wanted, but for-profits had to. This led me to believe for-profits were more efficient, and overall more effective, than NGOs – and I registered
Rent-to-Own as a limited liability company in Zambia. This action put me in a tough spot. I was stuck between the for-profit and the non-profit worlds. The purpose of Rent-to-Own is to improve the plight of communities in the most remote corners of Africa. It's seen by the for-profit world as too big of a risk; meanwhile, the nonprofit world doesn't have the mechanisms for donating to for-profit companies.
definition, have less social impact as they prioritize profit instead. Turns out, while the idea of social enterprise is widely commended, when it comes to finding mechanisms to fund my new business, I could not find a wellsuited stream of money. Looking back, I realize that I made the switch from being a non-profit too early. It forced me to focus on the most profitable ideas and create a very lean organization, but the drawback is that I have not been able to invest in My dream came to life – one learning – especially around how poorer farmers. of starting a venture in rural to serve To help those who may find themselves in a similar position, Zambia that used tailored I would suggest a more natural financing, personalized progression for social enterprises: you have a sound idea with training, and onsite delivery once a profitable core, start an NGO to carefully test the idea; slowly spin to get equipment to the off a for-profit that scales up and entrepreneurial farmers who realises the impact, while the NGO continues to do research, design need it most. and training; eventually the forprofit will be able to fund all the Neither stream of money seemed to meet required activities. If done carefully, this the needs of getting Rent-to-Own off the path should help keep incentives aligned ground. While there is a third group of on all fronts. F funders—known as impact investors—who try to address this problem, this type of investment has its negative drawbacks as well. It can be difficult to overcome market failures and prove new concepts with impact investments alone, and the majority of the capital I have raised through these investors must be paid back in the near future. In addition, while the timely requirements tied to this money have guided Rent-to-Own towards more profitable activities, these activities, almost by
Strengthening Traditional Leadership:
The Complexity of Community Dynamics Duncan McNicholl African Program Staff, Water and Sanitation, Malawi Engineers Without Borders Canada firstname.lastname@example.com
Two parallel structures of leadership govern rural Malawi: official government and traditional. Despite the prevalence of traditional power structures, projects that focus on community-based management of rural waterpoints rarely consider them. EWB was interested in exploring the nature of the relationship between traditional leadership and waterpoint management to see if strengthening this leadership could improve waterpoint functionality rates. In August 2010, I began exploring this in Karonga district, Northern Malawi, in collaboration with Paramount Chief Kyungu. Kyungu suggested we meet with Chiefs from seven villages to discuss the challenges of waterpoint functionality and the possible solutions. In this meeting of Chiefs, it emerged that they perceived their greatest challenge to be an ambiguity of ownership. Pumps had been built in their village by outsiders and, therefore, did not fall under the official jurisdiction of the traditional leaders. The Chiefs recommended the formation of village bylaws that would allow them to enforce waterpoint repairs, which was agreed
upon and implemented through community discussions. I revisited the Chiefs twice, at six months and at one year later, to determine what the impact had been, but my findings were inconclusive. Although the majority of communities had performed one or more waterpoint repairs over the course of a year, it was not clear if this had been a direct result of the bylaw creation. Furthermore, inconsistent information was a challenge – initially, Chiefs had reported that their villages had no bylaws, but during follow-ups, some villages reported having had bylaws for many years. This highlights the true complexity of community dynamics, where obtaining accurate information is as difficult as interpreting it correctly. As an outsider, it was nearly impossible to assess what internal community dynamics were really at play. The ability to identify true successes requires robust ways of measuring change – even small change – and in addition, we must be able to understand how to interpret what those changes really mean. The amount of time and energy resources required for these processes
raises questions of whether efforts might be better spent. If we cannot know with certainty what is happening in individual cases, can we perhaps see trends emerge at a systems level by influencing the surrounding environment (i.e. government or NGO behaviour)? Is it possible to raise waterpoint functionality rates, even if we're unsure of the exact methods communities use to self-organize around repairs? I encouraged the use of bylaws as a simple mechanism for supporting traditional leadership. The test failed to provide any real evidence of impact because the approach did not account for the complexity of community dynamics and the challenges this creates – both for implementation and interpreting impact. While traditional leadership may still hold potential to influence community waterpoint management behaviour, understanding the true dynamics at play may not be practical. Instead, the real potential for change likely lies in the community environment, either supporting or hindering the emergence of effective community waterpoint management. F
Communications Breakdown
Erin Aylward, Courtney Edwards, Simon Fauvel, Min Feng Youth Engagement Distributed Team, Engineers Without Borders Canada firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com
For the last two years, the Youth Engagement (YE) team has used the distributed team model to manage EWB's youth outreach activities. Instead of having one fulltime staff in the office, the YE portfolio has been managed by a team of volunteers all across Canada. In addition to working collaboratively as a four-person distributed group, the YE team communicates with National Office staff and chapter members, but has few opportunities for face-to-face interactions. The YE program was the first to adopt the distributed team model – a model now used by six programs – but being the first has meant the YE distributed team has faced its share of challenges, failures, dysfunctions, and most importantly – lessons on how to move forward. Let us go back to late August of 2010, when our 2010-2011 team was assembled and began working together. Just one week prior to the start of the school semester, we decided that our primary short-term focus would be the creation of a vision and year plan for the program.
As a result, our team's first in-person meeting in Toronto centered on intensive visioning and timelining, rather than on establishing strong relationships with National Office staff. Our team left Toronto with a solid timeline, some exciting new directions, trust amongst team members, a strong relationship with our team manager Ian Froude, and a lot of enthusiasm for the coming year. What we lacked, however, was the personal and structural connections to the National Office that would be necessary to translate our goals into collaborative actions. We assumed that having well-established communication structures with Ian acting as our advocate in the office would be sufficient to ensure good information flow between the distributed team and National Office. Furthermore, we assumed that our individual and collective roles as a distributed team were understood by office staff and chapters. We would quickly realize that these last two assumptions were wrong. Our faulty assumptions led to a series of problems and disconnects between our
lines of communication afforded by sharing an office, and with each team member operating on a voluntary, part-time basis. Our team was internally strong but struggled to get positive feedback, challenging and thought-provoking dialogue, and face-to-face communication with the National Office. This contributed to a lower morale across the group, and a lower quality of work. It wasn't difficult to spot these failures. The challenge was identifying what our team could do to improve the situation. The most important thing we realized was that we had to stop blaming our challenges on the structure of our distributed team, the National Office, or other external factors; it was our responsibility to establish our communication needs and expectations, and to proactively share them with the relevant stakeholders within EWB. Sharing these expectations and norms was especially important because distributed teams were a new structure within EWB and thus, most National Office staff and chapter members were unfamiliar with the model. We worked on developing clearer
The most important thing we realized was that we had to stop blaming our challenges on the structure of our distributed team, the National Office, or other external factors.
team and the National Office, including poor dialogue, failure to get the whole team engaged, lack of external understanding of how the team functioned and delivered on objectives, and expectations for the team to operate as a National Office staff member but without the natural
communication norms, both internally and externally. This did not happen overnight but rather was the result of an iterative process, where we first fixed our internal problems, and then set out to determine the best strategies to connect with National Office and other external
stakeholders. The salient points of our approach were to: • Figure out who has to be informed and involved in different decisions and discussions between the manager, the team lead and the other team members so that everyone feels connected. • Prioritize creating strong relationships within the team and with external stakeholders as early as possible, so they are in place before it's time to act. • Establish a mutually beneficial dialogue with external stakeholders through asking specific questions we want input and feedback on and have responses shared back to us. • Clearly voice constructive criticism for processes that are ineffective or frustrating, and do so as early as possible. Looking beyond our own team, the staff at the National Office also began taking action to improve our communications. They took further ownership over their role in making the distributed team model work better and made ongoing changes throughout the year. This failure and learning sparked a process to improve communication at the organizational level. The National Office is currently developing a strategic structure to frame communication expectations between all the different parts of the organization. In some sense, the goal is to institutionalize the informal learning that has been happening for the last two years across distributed teams, chapters, African programs and the National Office. As an organization with a broad, distributed, and ever-evolving network
of volunteers, the exploration of nonconventional operational models led us to develop our distributed team as an innovative and effective way to spread the reach and effectiveness of EWB's work. It is extremely exciting to see the idea integrate into the organization. Even better is that, as we continue to integrate these non-conventional models in different ways, we know from our experiences with the YE team that we have so much potential to learn and improve the effectiveness of the work we do. F
Resource and Relationship Woes: An Examination of Global Engineering Month 2011 Patrick Miller University of Calgary Chapter Member, Global Engineering Distributed Team Engineers Without Borders Canada firstname.lastname@example.com
In October 2010, a group of ambitious EWB members at the University of Calgary envisioned the province's first ever "Global Engineering Month" (GEM), focused on the evolving role of engineers in society. New leaders were recruited and they jumped at opportunities to take on responsibilities – the energy was palpable! Our plan was to take GEM beyond EWB by building a movement of diverse engineering groups. The event would be managed by volunteers and led by a leadership committee with representatives from multiple engineering student groups. We made it our number one priority to partner with other engineering organizations, faculty, and most importantly, the Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists, and Geophysicists of Alberta (APEGGA). As the province's licensing body and leading professional association, it would bring unrivalled legitimacy, as well as the network and resources that GEM needed to succeed. The task of liaising with APEGGA was given to an enthusiastic leader due to her experiences outside of EWB in a variety of high-capacity roles. This was done in line with EWB's approach of supporting new members in high-responsibility positions that offer experiential learning.
Everything seemed to be going according to plan – the member reported having regular communications with APEGGA and the team was excited to have her onboard. However, in February the representative informed the team that APEGGA would not be involved. GEM was scheduled concurrently with National Engineering and Geoscience Month, and APEGGA was legitimately concerned about promoting two events at the same time. We managed to implement all of our events through quick work by the entire team. We found local sponsors, reworked some elements of GEM and, at the end of the day, the events were co-created with engineering groups and faculty members, and together we succeeded in engaging many engineers and members of the public. However, a significant failure had occurred in our planning. EWB didn't get APEGGA onboard as a partner in the Global Engineering movement and as a result, the impact and scale of our work was lowered significantly. I strategically chose a highly capable leader to take on the role of creating the partnership with APEGGA but, as her manager, I failed to give the support she needed to ensure she succeeded in that role. I was certain of her strengths; there
was no doubt in my mind that she would succeed. Because of this, I did not put time towards supporting her and assumed that she would come to me if she had any questions about the GE concept. A post-mortem on the 2011 GEM found three project failure paths stemming from my failure: 1. The representative working with APEGGA was new to EWB. Often, EWB places high-capacity but inexperienced people in roles that are a challenge, in order to foster development through experiential learning. While this is a great strategy for helping amazing
munication, we found that the representative's communication to APEGGA focused too much on the title of "Global Engineering," and not on the parallels between "Global Engineering," APEGGA's objectives, and the tangible plan for our month. Too often, GE is shown as an EWB idea and as a result it can be hard to get widespread buy-in when we communicate it. 3. After GEM, the team failed to follow up with APEGGA which led to a strain in the relationship. It wasn't until June 2011 that this misunderstanding was cleared up. Managing relationships can
EWB didn't get APEGGA onboard as a partner in the Global Engineering movement and as a result, the impact and scale of our work was lowered significantly. leaders grow, it can also have big implications. In this case, she didn't have an understanding of EWB's history or the knowledge to articulate EWB's concept of "Global Engineering." I should have recognized this and provided greater leadership support, or I should have delegated the task of managing the relationship with APEGGA to a leader with a stronger background in GE. Investing in the learning and growth of leaders is important, but it must be balanced with finding the right person for the job – especially when managing relationships with important potential partners. I made the wrong choice by assuming her high capacity would translate into building strong GE relationships with minimal support. 2. When exploring the failure in com-
be difficult, and it is essential for both parties to set clear expectations, foster transparent communication, and keep each other appraised of programming changes. When things are not going well, prompt and sincere engagement is essential. Looking forward, EWB chapters who seek to build relationships with external organizations should ensure the right people for the job are set up for success. A mix of EWB knowledge, communication skills, and a humble-yet-confident attitude are necessary components of building strong relationships. When we are planning projects, we should be aware of the balance between investing in developing new leaders and ensuring outcomes are achievable when assigning roles of any kind. More broadly, EWB learned a lesson
about communicating with partners through this failure, and so asked Len Shrimpton, Chief Operating Officer of APEGGA, what he thought about us publishing this story publicly. This is what he had to say: "APEGGA continues to support what Engineers Without Borders stands for. The enthusiasm and energy for the profession is remarkable." F
Walking the Walk on Transparency James Haga Director of Advocacy Engineers Without Borders Canada firstname.lastname@example.com
For almost two years, the promotion of transparency has been a staple of EWB's work in donor policy influence. EWBers called on our government to sign the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI). We wrote opinion pieces, engaged thousands to sign petitions, and sat down with over 40% of Canada's MPs – everything we could to draw attention to the need for improved Canadian aid transparency. Soon, attention turned inward, and we realized we were falling short in our own transparency. To both influence other actors in the development sphere to become compliant, and to "walk the walk" in our advocacy efforts with the Government, the need for the improvement of our own transparency became clear. We committed – with minimal understanding of the endeavour – to publish data in compliance with the IATI standard. Working closely with global aid transparency experts (organizations like aidinfo, Publish What You Fund and the Open Aid Registry), we formally published data in the IATI registry about our work in Malawi's water and sanitation sector just
before the Busan High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness. We were proud of this feat, as well as the opportunity to role model NGO transparency at an international level. Despite this public victory, it became apparent that EWB had more work to do to institutionalize transparency, and IATI-compliance, as a core tenant of our operating style. Knowing our existing information management systems were inconsistent and often ad-hoc, a lot had to be done to ensure we'd be able to publish data regularly - a defining element of "open data". Our failure thus far is clear: we haven't created a sustainable process to manage information and regularly publish to the IATI registry. We failed to establish a longterm process; instead continued to rely on the spontaneous efforts of our volunteers and staff. While IATI is meant to improve aid effectiveness by making more and better information available, this is only
EWB truly values openness and deeply understands the merits of transparency – yet, despite the publication of this failure report and a committed culture of learning, we've failed to build strong information management systems. We have failed to invest enough resources to integrate these systems at EWB. As our work grows in scale and complexity, it will become more urgent to mature and place greater emphasis on building knowledge management systems. Moving forward, it's paramount that we build a process to consistently publish to the IATI standard. As Water for People CEO Ned Breslin notes, "let's not stop there – let's actually push to answer the effectiveness question as well, and insist that we not only track where the money goes, but also whether it truly transformed lives – and do all this transparently." F
To both influence other actors in the development sphere to become compliant, and to "walk the walk" in our advocacy efforts with the Government, the need for the improvement of our own transparency became clear. possible when quality information is published consistently – which we have not set ourselves up to do. Our operational culture draws heavily on the resilience of our people, rather than that of our internal processes. While our commitment to transparency is genuine, our efforts have been sporadic, short-sighted, and poorly managed.
The Development of a Strategy Marie-Claire St-Jacques African Programs Staff, Rural Agricultural Entrepreneurship, Burkina Faso Engineers Without Borders Canada email@example.com
In 2008, following the recommendation of its partners, the Rural Agricultural Entrepreneurship team (Entrepreneuriat rural agricole - ERA) began working on building the capacity of Farmers' Organizations (organisations paysannes - OPs) by implementing the Family Farm Support Service (Conseil à l'exploitation familiale - CEF). By 2010, the team faced major obstacles in the implementation of this strategy, leading several members to devote more of
the team decided to refocus its strategy on marketing. This decision prompted us to rearticulate our strategy and the assumptions behind it. As we reviewed our assumptions regarding marketing, it became obvious that we had based both our marketing activities, and now this change of strategy, on a set of assumptions that had not been rigorously tested. As our marketing investments grew to the point of eventually exceeding our CEF investments, the team validated certain assumptions at the level of the OP, but never verified the value of investing in this service for the producer, independently of the CEF. We had seen an opportunity in the area of marketing, and were pursuing it, but we had left several important questions unanswered: • What are the producer's reasons for marketing with an OP? What are the advantages? • For the producer, what would constitute a desirable marketing system? • Is the OP the entity best positioned for procuring this type of service?
We had seen an opportunity in the area of marketing, and were pursuing it, but we had left several important questions unanswered.
their time to strengthening a group marketing service for their partner OP. We saw an investment in marketing as a new means to eventually achieving CEF objectives, and by 2011, the team investments directly related to the CEF, as opposed to marketing, were less than 20% of total investments. Finally, in September 2011,
This error had three major implications for the ERA team: • A weak synergy between the activities of each team member and the strategy • Difficulty creating a network of partners, or positioning ourselves relative to the myriad of organizations
that are already working on the building of OP marketing capacity • A slowing of our activities with partners, caused by the need to work on the validation of assumptions Based on this realization, we have prioritized the research work that will allow us first to answer the questions mentioned above, and then to determine how best to position ourselves to help with marketing. What is the main lesson here? Always question our actions by evaluating the assumptions that motivate them, and react quickly when our activities diverge from those assumptions. It is imperative to redefine the underlying set of assumptions, and to achieve a certain level of confidence as to their validity, before basing a new strategy on them. F
Failing to Create a Broad Sense of Urgency and Understanding of Organizational Change George Roter Co-founder & CEO Engineers Without Borders Canada email@example.com
January 1, 2011 marked a significant new phase in the history of Engineers Without Borders: eight weeks earlier, Parker Mitchell, my close collaborator, dear friend, co-founder and, at the time, the co-CEO of EWB, announced an impending departure from his role. Entering our second decade with a new configuration of leadership would obviously have substantial implications on my role (not to mention my leadership instincts and the emotional reality of missing someone with whom I had shared so much over 10 years), and also on the structure of broader leadership teams within EWB. Starting the New Year, there was a sense of tremendous possibility – that we had the credibility, proven ideas, approach, knowledge and people to exponentially grow our impact over the next decade. For 2011, we were projecting a 50% growth in financial resources and had Canada- and Africa-based teams on the cusp of system-changing impact. At the same time, we'd been without a Vision or a clear direction for two years; we were anticipating significant leader-
ship turnover throughout the organization; and there was a sense that we didn't have all the structures in place to drive this next stage of growth. Coming out of our 10th Anniversary Conference in mid-January, the core staff – Africa and Canada-based – gathered for a three-day meeting to grapple with these issues. At this meeting, we described two doomsday scenarios for the 12-month future: "Sailing an Empty Ship" and "Death by a Thousand Cuts." Both presented an EWB without the people, energy or momentum necessary to achieve the impact we sought. We also created two positive scenarios: the "EWB Black Hole" and "Let's EWB That," which described an organization with gravitational pull, which built upon its unique characteristics to continue innovating. These scenarios created a deep sense of urgency amongst the 30 leaders at the meeting, and led to five priorities for evolution to set us up to explode into our second decade – we termed these "Refitting the Ship". The priorities were focused on strengthening our network, creating a
vision and fundraising. My failure came over the next few months. I had helped lead a process whereby our 30-person leadership team saw the need to act urgently, and to cocreate these priorities. However, I failed to ensure people understood the current context of the organization, and the priorities we were seeing as a leadership team. We were embarking on a serious change
Starting the New Year, there was a sense of tremendous possibility – that we had the credibility, proven ideas, approach, knowledge and people to exponentially grow our impact over the next decade. process, and I hadn't brought everyone I needed to into the conversation. Over the past year, this failure has resulted in losses of trust between people in EWB, burnout as leaders struggled to anticipate change, an overall slower pace, and lower sense of unified purpose. This pained quite a large number of people I respect and admire, and hurt the organization. The major lesson is that change of this nature requires not only understanding and buy-in from the leadership team, but also from the leaders of the organization and everyone else the changes may effect. While there will inevitably be tremendous ambiguity about the steps in any change process, the broad stages and timeline of communication need to be laid out clearly for leaders in EWB to be able to contribute and engage as effectively as they are capable. F
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Published on Jan 13, 2012
In the dynamic and complex world of international development, the path of a systemic innovation – from the spark of a good idea to lasting...


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subset: commoncrawl


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K, this is my 1st blog, so I'm excited. I'll just share some ideas for a possible map pack. KK, here we go.
Multiplayer map 1: Station.
A fairly large map, based off of the Rusalka. It's half the size of one in Campaign, and it has not as much indoorness so Air Support can still have a fighting chance. There are also vents for RC cars.
Teams: Black ops VS Spetznaz
Multiplayer map 2: Runway
It's more or less the runway from the mission Operation 40. There are 3 hangars, and at least one will have an interactive door. It'll have blown up planes and other crap that you can enter for protection from air support. It's a medium sized map.
Teams: OP 40 VS Tropas
Multiplayer map 3: Rebirth (Credit to Braden 0.0 for idea)
Based off of Rebirth labs, it's a small-medium map mostly suited for CQC fighting. Spetznaz spawn in room where Mason killed Steiner, Black ops spawn near 2 helis, indicating how they got there. There are still monkeys here!! :D Since I like interactivness, there should be elevators, similar to "Five". There are special vents, that when you shoot them, Nova Gas comes out that takes 4 hits to kill at full health.
Multiplayer Map 4: Assault
Based off of Crash Site, it has that plane so you can snipe and sail explosives down to seal your opponents fate. Fairly large map, it has bridges to cross and can be destroyed with a couple rockets. It can be devastating sometimes, because besides bridges, the only way to get across the river, is to jump across it from a certain spot. Most suitable for Domination. The sniping spot from the plane is lit up, just so it's easier to counter the sniper. There are also those ruins from campaign, but some lead down underground, which leads to a small room, most likely where a bomb site of B flag will be.
Teams: SOG vs NVA
Zombie Map: (Name TBD)
OMG, this is 1 of my best ideas. It's an Artic mountain, around where Project Nova was. Since it was around the Project Nova stuff, I'm thinking there should be some WW2 era guns. Credit to my friend for helping me with the idea.
Off-Wall weapons: Olympia, M14, MPL, PM63, Stakeout, MP40, STG44, PPSh-41, AK-74u, M16, MP5k, Claymores, Frags, Sickle and Bowie knife. (You can have one or the other, unless I reconsider.)
Mystery box weapons: What it usually has, except for Thundergun. Including the WunderWaffe and Tomahawks! (Special grenade)
Perks: Juggernog, Speed Cola, Quick Revive, PhD Flopper, Stamin-up. EDIT: I got rid of the new perk, because someone made me think that 5 perks are enough for now. BTW, Speed Cola has been updated so you ADS faster too.
It's a very large map. Instead of Landers and Teleporters, there should be ski lifts.
The power will be on from the start. But instead of monkies or dogs, I have a different idea. After you open the door to the power core, a special round will come where zombies (Albeit much slower, but more powerful.) will go to the power core, explode and slowly freeze the power core. Also, if you get too close to them, they explode, blurring your vision, slowing your movement and has the power of 1 zombie hit. If you get through a round without the power core freezing even a bit, you get Max Ammo and a new "power-up" called Avalanche. Avalanche is basically where the equiptment slot gets a C4 detonator and you choose when to make it explode, causing an avalanche.
To get to the Pack a Punch Machine, you have to use all ski lifts to get to the top of the mountain, then keep using explosives to get rid of a cave in. In the cave, is the PaP machine. Zombies can come down through a hole in the ceiling, and there are some windows in the cave too, to prevent camping.
To make up for the lack of Thundergun, Max ammo and Nuke will be more common.
Comment if you want me to change anything, if you have a name for the perk or map, a weapon for the zombies map, trap ideas, an idea for a map, characters for the zombies map, or just general discussion.


text:
The Gerhardts get an unexpected offer and two surprising murderers try to clean up their mess.
With Gene aboard the Makluan ship and Howard Stark at the Armory, Iron Man, War Machine and Rescue must unite Nick Fury, Hawkeye, Black Widow, Black Panther and the Hulk to stop the evil Makluan Overlord from destroying the Earth!moreless
Possessing all ten rings, Mandarin plans to rule the world, but instead he accidentally signals the Makluan Overlord's alien fleet to invade Earth! Can Iron Man, War Machine, Rescue, Gene and S.H.I.E.L.D. stop this new threat?moreless
To keep reality itself from being torn apart, Iron Man must team up with The Mandarin to stop Doctor Doom after he captures the Ninth Makluan Ring ... and his father Howard Stark.moreless
In the future, Tony Stark's grandson Andros is Iron Man 2099. Except his time-travelling super-armor isn't designed to save the day, but to eliminate Tony Stark!
Tony's new friend Annie turns out to be a mutant on the run from Magneto! Iron Man tries to protect her, but how can he fight a mutant with a mastery over all things metal?moreless
When Agent Mallen is fired from S.H.I.E.L.D., he takes the super-serum "Extremis" and mutates into a powerful maniac bent on revenge. Can Iron Man stop this powerful foe?
When Hammer buys out Stark International, a penniless Tony vows to stop at nothing until the world knows what Hammer really is – a master criminal!


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Training my energy and actually making progress! :D
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lovely, the best approach is the "no approach". if you can put your approach into words, then it's probably biased. The best approach is Wisdom, and Wisdom is beyond language. Yet you seem to get it just right -- working on yourself is fundamental; the rest, if you can accomplish it, is a bonus. Pity the fool who runs around trying to lend a hand to others when he is handicapped himself. IF you extend a hand while having none, you'll just lose balance and fall into the same hole as everybody else -> misery likes company.
Yeah well my experiences prove otherwise.
my knowledge says otherwise. and my experiences until now have only confirmed what I already know. I could be wrong, but most surely I'm not.
food sex and sleep are extremely powerful instincts. they are buried deep in the human cognition to the point that one's own survival and existence upon this world depends on the person being able to ignore the truth about them...
I have broken this barrier of cognition, and thus I'm able to see the truth. However just like everybody else, I'm still fighting this war. I'm just another warrior; the only difference is that I have been granted the power of "sight beyond sight".
it's taboo, you see. it's the most horrendous truth on the face of this planet. People will do everything in their power to ignore this knowledge. Denial is the most predictable answer. Sidetracking is the second most predictable.
it's doesn't matter what you believe. everytime you put food in your stomach, you lose energy. same for sex and sleep, albeit the energy is lost in more subtle forms.
it's just physics, cause-and-effect. it doesn't matter what you believe -- the negative physical changes are right there occurring in your body while you eat and sleep and fuck. and the effects crawl even to your consciousness, thus lowering it temporarily.
furthermore, Reiz, you seem to be a genuine player donned with consciousness while your family are just pawns inserted in your life. So be smart and play them to your advantage. It's useless to expect them to wake up as they are just pieces on a chessboard.
You need to impress people to get them to give you money, shelter and energy.
Your family doesn't care about your elevated state of mind; they want to see materialized goods coming out from your pocket; they want to see accomplishments in the social arena. You need to impress them with riches, diamonds, gold. They are not interested in truth or spirit.
It matters not how much spiritual you are if you cannot convert your spiritual energy into the bare minimum to sustain a life in society. Unless you are ready to leave society (and all of its comforts) behind. I for one am not, and so I have to use a small portion of my energy to maintain certain people close to me and to bring money into my life.
Anyway, lots of interesting replies. I hope you'll be interested in this one too. Thanks.
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using ICT in the classroom (in a funky way)
How to use Web 2.0 to spice up your lessons
Simon Howellson 26 May 2011
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Transcript of using ICT in the classroom (in a funky way)
Using ICT in the classroom in a funky way! in a funky way! http://www.wallwisher.com/wall/whyuseweb2point0 http://www.diigo.com/ http://www.storybird.com http://www.quizlet.com http://www.xtranormal.com http://www.slideshare.net http://www.classtools.net http://simonhowells.typepad.com http://www.umapper.com http://www.twitter.comFull transcript


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Find. Book. Pitchup.
- We make it a doddle to book campsites, glamping sites and caravan parks throughout the UK, Europe and the Americas.
- Trusted by over 1m holidaymakers from 99 countries.
- Choose and book in minutes, with instant confirmation and no booking fees.
Bath available: Tent pitches and tent camping sites in LevenView results on a map
3 listings within 40 miles of Leven with 0 bookable
Craigtoun Meadows Holiday Park
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Beecraigs Country Park Caravan and Camping Site
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Peebles, Scottish Borders, Scotland Show on map


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Oh! Fox Cotton Diamond Tunic
Oh! Fox Cotton Diamond Tunic
Designed by Oh! Fox and handmade and dyed in S. Mexico. This tunic is airy and perfect for summer! One size. 24''W & 31''L - fits medium best.(Color less blue than in photo and is a deeper, darker indigo.)
Byron & Blue
Located in Austin, brick and mortar boutique Byron & Blue aims to reflect the down-to-earthiness of its community through a selection of vintage clothing and thoughtfully curated home wares, accessories, and gifts. Owner Alexia Brown stocks her shelves with local and national independent brands, keeping the vibe always cool, casual and collaborative in nature.
Do you have questions about this product? We're here to help!


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by Staff Writers
Manila (AFP) Nov 28, 2012
The Philippines said Wednesday it would refuse to stamp Chinese passports containing a map showing most of the China South Sea as belonging to China, as it stepped up protests over the controversial move.
The new passports have provoked angry reactions from around the region, with Vietnam, Taiwan and India all expressing their objections amid an ongoing row over Beijing's territorial claims.
The Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs said in a statement that immigration personnel would stamp "a separate visa application form" instead of the Chinese passport.
"Through this action, the Philippines reinforces its protest against China's excessive claim over almost the entire South China Sea," the department said.
Stamping the Chinese passport could be "misconstrued" as legitimising China's claim over vast parts of the South China Sea, which are also claimed in part by the Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei, Malaysia and Taiwan.
President Benigno Aquino's spokesman also said Wednesday the Philippines welcomed a recent US State Department statement that it planned to raise concerns over the new Chinese passports with China.
Last week, Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario sent Beijing a formal protest letter, calling the passport maps "an excessive declaration of maritime space in violation of international law".
Foreign governments became aware this month that China had begun issuing passports with maps showing a "nine-dash line" that runs almost to the Philippine and Malaysian coasts.
Vietnam has also refused to stamp the passports while India, angered that the map claims Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai China as Chinese territory, is stamping its own map on visas given to Chinese visitors.
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Registration is now open for staff and the public for the October 2015 Classes. During this month, we include our popular computer classes, as well as a variety of personal development classes. All classes are held in the Regional Library Computer Center (RLCC) of the Central (downtown) Library. PRE-REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED FOR ALL CLASSES.
Please note that registration does not necessarily guarantee you a spot in the class. You will receive an email confirming your registration for classes. You may also call to confirm your registration.
To register for any class, please email us at email@example.com or call 205-226-3681. You may also download and print a pdf copy of the October 2015 Class Schedule to bring to a Computer Commons staff member on your next library visit. Please note that the October 2015 Class Schedule pdf can be sent to us as an email attachment.
Tuesday, September 15, 2015
Registration Open For October 2015 Classes
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Sixteen Candles is a 1984 coming-of-age film starring Molly Ringwald, Michael Schoeffling and Anthony Michael Hall. The film was written and directed by John Hughes.
In "PTV", Jake Ryan loses his 'good guy' image to rape Peter Griffin.
Gedde Watanabe's voice is heard in his character of Long Duk Dong from Sixteen Candles saying "Oh, sexy girlfriend!" as part of the Dingo and the Baby sound mix in "Mother Tucker".
A poster of the film, with the three primary stars, is seen in the Griffin living room in the year 2007A in "Meet the Quagmires". At this point, Ringwald has been Griffin's wife.


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Mumbai, Apr 9: In-form Mumbai Indians wickeekeeper-batsman Dinesh Karthick on Monday (April 8) said that he would look to finish off matches by staying till the end.
Kaarthick scored a blitzkrieg of 60 off 37 balls against Royal Challengers Bangalore in MI's opening IPL game and followed it with a breezy 37 off 25 balls against Chennai Super Kings.
"I am happy with the way I am batting. But I feel that I need to finish games off. I feel I should have finished the game in Bangalore but Pollard did that wonderfully for us in Chennai.
If you are batting well, it is important to finish games off," Kaarthick said at the pre-game media conference ahead of MI's tie against Delhi Daredevils here on Tuesday.
Kaarthick brought MI to the doorsteps of victory against RCB before he was out in the last over. MI lost the match by two runs. In the second game, Pollard played a blinder to take MI to a challenging total of 148 after Kaarthick had laid the platform.
On playing under new captain Ricky Ponting, Kaarthick said, "To be honest, he is one of my favourite players. I have always admired his batting and I was looking forward to meeting him and being part of his team. The positive energy and the way he is doing things is wonderful. Really looking forward to a good few more games with him."
Asked if the team thought that Ponting and Sachin Tendulkar were giving slow starts and whether the opening pair could be tinkered with, Kaarthick said, "Two players of highest quality. Definitely they would be opening, there is no doubt in that."


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If you enjoy outdoor activities in the Mark Twain National Forest please comment on the proposed Forest Health Initiative project before the comment period closes on December 14, 2015.
Take a video camera with you when you visit the forest because the pictures you take before the Summer of 2016 will show how your favorite places used to look before they logged 72.6 square miles.
They plan to build 150 miles of temporary, sediment producing logging road. If you enjoy fishing, do it now before the streams turn brown with mud.
You can request a hard copy of the scoping report that describes the proposed timber sale by calling Supervisor Nightingale's office at 573-364-4621. The scoping report is also available on-line at http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=47969
U.S. Forest Service


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Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Diet Support
- Questions? Join our forum: Nearly 1 MILLION POSTS, and over 62,000 MEMBERS!
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- Hari's Lemon Rice (Gluten-Free)
Hari's Lemon Rice (Gluten-Free)
- By Hari Chengalath
- Published 07/26/1996
- Gluten-Free Indian and Middle Eastern Recipes
- Rating:
Rice : 1 cup (usually good for two suppers
and a lunch, depending on how hungry one is)
Lemon: Juice of one (medium size)
Black mustard seeds: 1 tablespoon
Channa dal (a kind of dried lentil): ½ tablespoon
Urad dal: 1 teaspoon
Turmeric: 1 teaspoon
Dried red chilies: two (I use more and you can, too, to make it more incendiary)
Fenugreek powder: ½ teaspoon
Salt: To taste
In a medium-sized pot/skillet (deep enough for stuff to be sautéed in hot oil, and preferably with its own lid or capable of being covered by a plate or like device), heat 3 or 4 tablespoons of oil of your choice (canola/vegetable/corn). Throw in the mustard seeds when the oil is hot (you learn when by throwing in a couple of mustard seeds to start with and the rest about 20 seconds after the test ones pop). You must then cover your pot and let the mustard seeds pop without burning. When most or all have popped, throw in both dals, the fenugreek, and the fried chilies (split in halves, lengthwise, to get seeds in). Adjust heat and sauté until dals and chilies turn sort of golden brown. Toss in your rice and sauté for 30 seconds (this is so that rice wont be unduly sticky when cooked).
Now your rice is ready to be cooked. I dont know if you have a rice cooker. If you do, transfer pots contents to rice cooker, throw in water (with juice of lemon mixed in) as directed by rice cooker manufacturer, add turmeric & salt, mix well, and let the cooker do its trick.
If you dont have a rice cooker, use the same sauté pot with all its contents. Add about 2½ cups of water, salt & turmeric, and cook the rice down. Or, go ahead and add as much water as you would (mix in lemon juice, of course) and cook the rice down with salt & turmeric added to pots contents.
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Hari Chengalath
I'm passionate about the English language and writing. My other interests include politics & public policy, history, sports (MLB, soccer and cricket, in particular), pop culture and screw-ups by right-wing nuts.
1 Response:
sitaRating: ( Author)
said this on
20 Jan 2008 9:15:30 AM PDT
Add lime/lemon juice after rice is cooked. You can also add cooked rice to the saute' mixture to which lime juice has been added.
(Comment Replies Disabled)
In Celiac.com's Forum Now:
Just thought of something else. Have you tried cream of rice cereal? When I was at my worst, I'd have this a few times a day to settle my stomach.
Hi I'm new to this site, well kinda lol I have been browsing for quite some time. I have celiac, I have been told to go gluten free, which I have for approx a year, the only symptoms I have is diarrhea, I have not had a solid stool in over 2 years, I am at wits end, I have tried esstential oils t...
The full celiac panel includes: TTG IGA TTG IGG DGP IGA DGP IGG EMA IGA You can either have a gastroenterologist order the full celiac panel plus whatever else they typically test for, or you can order your own test at a site like walkinlab.com. At walkin...
You could certainly try. Just remember that, if the mix doesn't have xanthum gum, you may need a little.
Maybe the 20 mg. was too strong for you and increasing symptoms? I have a very low threshold for most meds, and do better on child sized doses. If you tolerate the 10 mg., that may be the way to go just to get symptoms under control and get stabilized. Or maybe 10 mg. every other day, if tha...


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Natural Peanut Butter & Honey, 16oz. Jar
All-natural peanut butter and honey - a match made in heaven! Using the most advanced jar technology known to man, we have put 16 ounces of Good Spread into a resealable jar! You won't feel guilty eating this by the spoonful, because for every jar sold, we provide a packet of RUTF to a malnourished child.
- All-natural peanut butter
- No-stir
- No hydrogenated oils
- 3 pack! jars of 16 oz peanut butter
- 0 grams trans fat
- Tastes delicious in sandwiches, desserts or right out of the jar!
- Ideal for kids' lunches


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Recommended amounts
For wholesome adults, doctors advocate 400 to 800 worldwide units (IU) per day. Just right doses swing reported to age and unshakable learned profession conditions:
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Six months to one year: 9 IU
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Four to viii years: 10.5 IU
Nine to 13 years: 16.5 IU
14 to 18 years: 22.5 IU
Over 18 years: 22.5 IU
Pregnant women: 22.5 IU
Breastfeeding women: 28.5 IU
IMPORTANT: More than a few victuals E supplementsability may incorporate additives thatability can be pernicious to your health, such as as sugar, starch, silica, and gluten. To wait safe, buy with the sole purpose supplementsability thatability are GMP-compliantability. This ensures thatability the wares passes dictatorial trait standards and has no unwholesome chemicalsability. Also, variety secure it does not incorporate any insincere flag and flavors.


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Google has pwnd Bing, Microsoft's internet search engine, and its team and clearly demonstrated that Microsoft is using information about Google's search engine based on data gathered through the Bing Toolbar.
After looking at the results provided by Google, Bing's search engine produced the same responses to nonsensical queries. This prompted Google to prove that Bing was watching what people searched for on Google. Essentially, Bing collected data on the sites people selected from Google's results and then used it to improve its own search listings. Microsoft later claimed that Google's findings were rigged and manipulated through the use of click fraud.


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3 Ways to Treat Vaginal Cysts
A vaginal cyst is a lump of fluid or semi-solid tissue that accumulates along the walls of the vagina, usually near the opening. They are most often the product of imperfect healing after vaginal trauma, like childbirth or a hysterectomy. These cysts are rarely cancerous, and in many cases, they do not even cause any discomfort. Sometimes cysts are not discovered until a routine pelvic exam is conducted. When there is no pain associated with the cysts, the best treatment option may be to do nothing. You can choose to ignore them and they may disintegrate on their own.