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Sporadic adrenomedullary hyperplasia (AMH) is characterized by a medical history of hypertension, excessive catecholamine excretion, and histomorphometric evidence of increased adrenomedullary tissue relative to the cortex in the absence of multiple endocrine neoplasia. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of patients after laparoscopic adrenalectomy for AMH, an early form of sporadic adrenal medulla–related endocrine hypertension, as well as to update our understanding of the clinical features and management of this clinicomorphologic entity.
We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients operated on between 2007 and 2011 at Reina Sofia University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain, with a diagnosis of AMH. Patient characteristics, diagnostic studies, surgical procedures, and histologic findings were analyzed.
Seven hypertensive patients with intermittent adrenergic crises were found to have AMH (3 men and 4 women; mean age, 44 years). Catecholamine levels were increased. Radiologic studies included 1 or more of the following: magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose, dihydroxyphenylalanine–positron emission tomography–computed tomography, Octreoscan (Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in all cases. One patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy because of persistent symptomatology after unilateral adrenalectomy. Surgery was associated with normalization of catecholamine hypersecretion and complete disappearance of symptoms, as well as the reduction or abstention of antihypertensive therapy.
Sporadic AMH is a clinicomorphologic entity that may mimic pheochromocytoma clinically. Recent advances in diagnostic and surgical methods have changed the management and outcome of this unusual disease. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy may be recommended as the gold standard in the treatment of this entity. Definitive diagnosis is provided by histologic study.
Sporadic adrenomedullary hyperplasia (AMH) is characterized by a clinical history of paroxysmal hypertension, increased serum and/or urinary catecholamine levels, a lack of association with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes, and histomorphometric evidence of an increased medullary cell mass. It is an extremely infrequent etiology of pheochromocytoma, but both disorders may cause identical clinical symptoms and biochemical findings. Clinical and morphologic diagnosis of sporadic AMH may be difficult; therefore, treatment must be carefully evaluated.1
We present our experience in 7 patients diagnosed with sporadic AMH during a 4-year period. The aim of this study was to corroborate the clinicomorphologic entity of AMH as an early form of sporadic adrenal medulla–related endocrine hypertension and to update our understanding of the characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of these patients after laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
Seven patients operated on between 2007 and 2011 at the surgical department of Reina Sofia University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain, were found to have AMH.
The design of the study was a case series. Clinical outcomes were recorded retrospectively from the database and the patients' records.
Routine preoperative laboratory studies included 24-hour urine and serum testing with catecholamine levels—basal or during the adrenergic crises. Biochemical data show the increased parameters and the highest level of catecholamine obtained (Table 1). Radiologic study included a combination of one or more of the following diagnostic methods: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), dihydroxyphenylalanine-PET-CT, Octreoscan, and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy (Table 2).
After complete studies, the patients were thought, clinically and endocrinologically, to have a pheochromocytoma. A familial history of MEN syndrome was ruled out in all patients.
Adrenalectomy was performed by a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach in all 7 cases. Left adrenalectomy was performed with the patient placed in the right lateral decubitus position by use of 3 ports, whereas right adrenalectomy was performed with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position with 4 ports.
The mean age of the patients was 44 years (range, 21–57 years). There were 3 men, with a mean age of 40 years, and 4 women, with a mean age of 47 years.
Epidemiologic, medical history, symptomatology, and biochemical data of the patients are shown in Table 1. Symptoms were adrenergic recurrent episodes including dizziness, flushing, tremor, diaphoresis, headache, palpitations, sweating, and anxiety in 6 cases, as well as resistant hypertension despite antihypertensive therapy in all cases. All patients had increased catecholamine concentrations in urine or serum (or both). Electrocardiograms and chest radiographs showed no lesion.
Six patients had normal-sized adrenal glands on abdominal CT or MRI, and in 1 patient, the adrenal gland appeared enlarged in size. 123I-MIBG showed abnormal unilateral uptake in all patients (Table 2).
All patients underwent lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy. In each case surgery showed a diffusely enlarged adrenal gland without a discrete tumor, and the mean weight was 10.65 g (Figure 1). One patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy because of persistent adrenal crises 1 year after right adrenalectomy, suggesting that the stimulus to AMH may possibly affect other chromaffin tissues. There was no case of conversion to open surgery. The operative and postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. The mean postoperative stay in the hospital was 3.3 days (range, 3–4 days). There were no deaths. The follow-up period for the patients ranged from 15 months to 5 years.
Six patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy had improved symptomatology, with partial or complete remission of symptoms and signs and a reduction in antihypertensive therapy. The bilaterally adrenalectomized patient has been free of symptoms for 3 years after the first surgery. Thus it would appear that AMH may occur unilaterally or asynchronously in the two glands. Removal of the hyperplastic adrenal gland resulted in a decrease in the plasma and urinary catecholamine levels and no high uptake on 123I-MIBG scintigraphy.
According to histomorphometry, an increased adrenomedullary cell mass was shown, thus confirming AMH. The removed glands weighed 9.42 g on average (range, 5.6–14 g). Pathologic data of the resected glands are shown in Table 3.
Hyperfunction of endocrine glands is generally associated with either hyperplasia or neoplasia of the involved gland. Diseases of the adrenal medulla comprise a small fraction among hypertensive patients (0.1%–0.2%).1 Attempts at proving the existence of AMH as a clinicopathologic entity have appeared since 1933, but perhaps the most convincing example based on clinical and postoperative grounds is that reported by Montalbano et al. in 1962.2,3 This clinicopathologic entity has been widely reported to be associated with familial or type 2 MEN syndrome.2,4 In most cases AMH—usually bilateral—is a component of type 2 MEN together with medullary thyroid cancer and parathyroid hyperplasia.5 Up to now, sporadic AMH has been documented in a relatively small number of cases.1
Whereas pheochromocytomas are defined as adrenal tumors producing catecholamines that typically cause hypertension, AMH is not generally recognized as a clinical entity–causing syndrome that clinically resembles that of adrenomedullary adenoma.1 AMH may represent the morphologic and endocrine counterpart to the adenomatous manifestation.1
The sequence of morphologic events preceding the development of pheochromocytoma is largely unknown.1 Carney et al.2 described the likely sequence of events during AMH. Initially, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the medullary cells occur, which cause a slight increase in the volume of the medulla without a significant alteration in weight. However, small increases in the volume of the medulla will decrease the corticomedullary ratio. With increasing degrees of hyperplasia, the enlargement of the medulla will become obvious grossly and there will be a measurable increase in the weight of the gland. Eventually, the medulla will become thicker than the cortex. The shape of the gland may be variably altered because, at any stage, zones of increased hyperplastic activity may develop and result in formation of 1 or several nodules; however, in the initial phase, the normal configuration of the gland probably will be maintained.5
It has been proposed that diffuse hyperplasia of the adrenal medulla may be an early manifestation of adrenal pathologic change in this syndrome; this is followed by a stage of "diffuse and multinodular enlargement" (nodular hyperplasia) of the medulla and then by the final adrenal manifestation of the syndrome: pheochromocytoma.5
From clinicomorphologic studies, pheochromocytoma in familial and type 2 MEN–associated adrenomedullary diseases is regarded as the neoplastic end stage of a stepwise development beginning with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the medullary cells1; however, the frequency and clinical significance of preneoplastic forms of sporadic pheochromocytoma are unknown as yet.1
AMH may produce symptoms similar to those of pheochromocytoma. It is usually bilateral and may be nodular and diffuse,4 as in our series.
Diagnosis is based on clinical and biochemical findings. As many studies suggest, summarizing clinical, laboratory, and imaging results and the indication for operation in suspected AMH requires evidence of the following1:
Plasma free metanephrines provide the best test for excluding or confirming pheochromocytomas because they are produced continuously by tumor cells as opposed to episodic secretion of catecholamines.6 Despite the negative 24-hour urine test for catecholamines, a pheochromocytoma may still be present,7 and repeated determinations may be necessary to exclude the diagnosis.8
Having confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma after biochemical studies, radiologic imaging should be completed.7,8 There are several imaging methods available for tumor localization.8 Morphologic imaging—CT and MRI—in combination with radionuclide imaging procedures—MIBG scintigraphy, PET imaging with FDG, dihydroxyphenylalanine-PET-CT, and Octreoscan—also accurate localize these tumors.7,8
Ultrasonography is able to detect adrenal pheochromocytoma but cannot exclude extra-adrenal or multifocal disease.8 MRI provides excellent anatomic detail, is the morphologic imaging modality of choice in localizing pheochromocytoma and extra-adrenal paraganglioma, and has the advantage of lack of ionizing radiation.8 CT plays a major role in detecting and evaluating adrenal pathology and can detect masses smaller than 0.5 cm in diameter, although it shows reduced specificity.8 CT and MRI should be included in the diagnosis program to detect or exclude major lesions of the adrenal gland, extra-adrenal paraganglia, or other intraperitoneal abnormalities and contribute to planning the surgical technique.1
123I-MIBG scintigraphy is highly specific and seems to be superior to CT scan and ultrasonography in identifying neoplastic and hyperplastic adrenomedullary lesions.1,9 However, approximately 20% of normal adrenals take up some 123I-MIBG.9 Scintigraphy in the form of MIBG scanning is slightly less sensitive but is useful in determining extra-adrenal, multifocal, or recurrent disease.7 For patients with negative 123I-MIBG scintigraphy or patients who may have malignant pheochromocytoma, octreotide scan and FDG-PET are other options for localization.7
Imaging techniques may not confirm the suspicion, however. Therefore it has been proposed by most authors that definitive diagnosis can only be ascertained by quantitative histomorphometric analysis of resected adrenal gland and by the disappearance of the clinical syndrome.1
Because AMH is rare, it is necessary to formulate specific pathologic criteria to ensure its accurate diagnosis when the degree of hyperplasia is mild to moderate.2 Some authors consider the diagnosis of AMH only when there is a significant decrease in the corticomedullary ratio in the head and body of the gland with or without extension of the medulla into the tail.1
In patients with Rearranged during Transfection (RET) mutations, responsible for type 2 MEN syndrome, and with other mutations such as succinate dehydrogenase subunit B, bilateral AMH has been identified. It is hypothesized that AMH is a precursor lesion that can develop into pheochromocytoma.10 Other mutations in genes predisposing to pheochromocytoma are von Hippel–Lindau, neurofibromatosis type 1, and succinate dehydrogenase subunit C or D.11 Furthermore, AMH is often found in the adrenal tissue adjacent to pheochromocytoma.10
Medullary hyperplasia is a proliferation of cells containing normal cellular architecture as opposed to the nests of cytologically atypical polygonal cells that characterize pheochromocytoma.10 On gross examination, as well as radiologic imaging, medulla hyperplasia has no specific nodule, unlike pheochromocytoma, which usually presents as an enlarged adrenal nodule arising from the medulla.10 Morphologically, AMH is characterized by increased medullary mitotic activity and a many-fold increase in medullary volume, as well as total catecholamine content.1 Detection of mitotic activity in the adrenal medulla should arouse suspicion of hyperplasia or neoplasia because mitotic figures are rarely seen in normal medulla.5
To establish the diagnosis of hyperplasia in a medulla that exhibits mitotic activity but is not grossly thickened, it is necessary to demonstrate an increased amount of medullary tissue relative to the cortex. This can be done simply and accurately by planimetric determination of the corticomedullary ratio. The corticomedullary ratio in adult humans has been shown to be about 10:1 and to be slightly greater in women than in men. In the normal adrenal gland, most of the medulla is in the head; there is some in the body and none in the tail.5
The relationship between total adrenal catecholamine content and medullary hyperplasia is unknown, but it is reasonable to expect that the content will be proportional to the medullary mass.5
Rudy et al.2 proposed the following criteria for the diagnosis of AMH:
Diagnosis of AMH in our series was consistent with all criteria; however, increased medullary weight was not calculated. From our point of view, histologic quantitative criteria should not be determinants to establish the diagnosis of AMH because hyperplasia and cellular medullary activity are shown and adrenalectomy results in amelioration of symptoms and signs.
When all studies lead the clinician to suspect a clinical pheochromocytoma, surgical removal of the gland is the optimal treatment choice. Our patients were treated by laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy in 6 cases, whereas 1 case required bilateral adrenalectomy. Histologic study showed nodular hyperplasia in 2 cases and diffuse hyperplasia in 5. This minimally invasive procedure is now considered the "gold standard" for the removal of benign functioning and nonfunctioning adrenal tumors.12 The use of a laparoscopic approach for the excision of malignant lesions remains a controversial issue.13
Laparoscopic adrenalectomies have smaller incisions; less intraoperative blood loss; and reduced postoperative wound complications, pain, and infections. Shorter postoperative stays and faster postoperative recovery make this approach a safe and effective alternative to the traditional open adrenalectomy.13 Because of the limitations of minimally invasive surgery, the size of the adrenal tumor could have an influence on the performance of the procedure.12 Transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy appears to be the procedure of choice for pheochromocytoma and bilateral adrenal tumors, as well as lesions that are larger than 6 cm in diameter.12 A lateral transperitoneal approach offers excellent exposure because of the effects of gravity, and the anatomy is very familiar to abdominal surgeons; it is suitable for removal of tumors up to a maximal diameter of 8 to 15 cm.14 In our series, laparoscopic localization of the adrenal gland seemed to be more difficult than localization in patients presenting with enlarged adrenal glangs or adenoma glands because of the normal size of the adrenal glands.
In the case of surgery for chromaffin tumors, as in our series, transperitoneal access is usually required because of the need for an early closure of the adrenal vein. It allows early occlusion of the vein, avoiding the life-threatening output of catecholamines.12
The rate of conversion to an open approach ranges between 0% and 13%.15 According to many authors, uncontrollable bleeding is the main indication for conversion and the number of conversions may mostly depend on the experience of the surgeon rather than the type of hormonal disorder.12 In our series all cases could be completed by the laparoscopic approach, and no important complications were found during the surgical procedure.
It is recommended that after undergoing successful unilateral adrenalectomy, patients should be followed up because of the metachronous nature of the adrenomedullary lesions.
Sporadic AMH is an infrequent clinicomorphologic entity. Advances in diagnostic modalities such as 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and surgical techniques have changed the management and outcome of this unusual disease in recent years. The treatment of choice is laparoscopic surgery, which could be offered to such patients after a complete preoperative study, particularly when the clinical spectrum does not improve with medical treatment and there is no other possible cause of the syndrome. Accordingly, a clear set of diagnostic criteria to identify the patients who might benefit from adrenalectomy needs to be established. Definitive diagnosis is provided by histologic study of the resected specimen.
Miguel Ruiz Marín, General and Digestive Surgery Department, General University "Reina Sofía" Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
Maria Fe Candel Arenas, General and Digestive Surgery Department, General University "Reina Sofía" Hospital, Murcia, Spain. Surgery, Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, University of Murcia, Murcia. Spain.
Francisco Miguel González Valverde, General and Digestive Surgery Department, General University "Reina Sofía" Hospital, Murcia, Spain. Surgery, Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, University of Murcia, Murcia. Spain.
Emilio Terol Garaulet, General and Digestive Surgery Department, General University "Reina Sofía" Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
María Maestre Maderuelo, General and Digestive Surgery Department, General University "Reina Sofía" Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
Amparo Meoro Avilés, Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology Section, General University "Reina Sofía" Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
Francisco Pastor Quirante, Pathology Department, General University "Reina Sofía" Hospital, Murcia, Spain. Pathology Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Antonio Albarracín Marín Blázquez, General and Digestive Surgery Department, General University "Reina Sofía" Hospital, Murcia, Spain. Surgery, Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, University of Murcia, Murcia. Spain.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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8. Concho Resources
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subset: commoncrawl


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I didn't send out cards this year but followed the same pattern as the last 2 years - sending out a long Word document (with photos) with the story of my life during the last year. Eventhough I say so myself, it makes quite intersting reading. Perhaps one day I should put all these Christmas letters into a 'book' and give each of the girls one. Trying to remember what I did during the year however is a rather mind boggling experience, so I used my PC to assist me this time round! Quite handy having a date on each file created as I was able to piece together a fairly good story.
Mmmm ... as usual the ever present 'beading'. I sometimes think there must be a little 'magpie' blood in me as I always lean to including glittery and shiny Zwarovsky crystals in the necklaces
The only mosaic I did was a house-warming gift for my daughter. I found a discarded and rather tatty lampshade, and a really awful looking base at the local Hospice shop (paid almost nothing for them), and then sat for 5 nights sticking on tiles, and sewing a new shade with beads. Not too bad, and my daughter loved it.
At the moment I am on a house renovation spree. I decided at the spur of the moment that my bedroom needed a make-over, so I moved into the spare room, and tackled the bedroom. Walls (a dark olive green) were sanded, and skirtings and door frames (all Oregon pine) sanded. Then I got brave and hired a floor sander and sanded the parquet floor blocks. WHAT A JOB!!! Eventhough I masked off every possible nook and cranny, the dust still got into the rest of the house! Almost to spite me I think.
Anyway, the ceiling is repainted, the walls got 3 coats of paint, and the skirtings and door frames got 3 coats of varnish. Finding it hard to get up off the floor the older I get!!! Soon going to have a built-in wardrobe installed, and then the last job is to varnish the floor. Perhaps I should think about inventing some specially designed handle-thinga-ma-jig to which I can attach the paintbrush, so I don't end up feeling as if my back has been pierced with a million needles!
Enough for now.


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On a spring afternoon in 1990, Linda Mornell sat in her Volkswagen waiting for her children to emerge from their private high school in San Francisco. She watched an African American young man calling out greetings to the other students. He was in her daughter's class at school and she knew he was there on a scholarship. His classmates smiled but passed him by. He stood alone.
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Arrow indicates direction team is trending.
Final Power Ranking: 22
Preseason Power Ranking: 16
Biggest surprise: A team that revamped its interior offensive line and added a free-agent back in Shonn Greene to supplement Chris Johnson pledged a dedication to the run game. But the identity never developed and the Titans finished 14th in the NFL in rushing and didn't have a running back who averaged even 4 yards per carry. Greene got hurt and missed time and threw things off, but that shouldn't have undone the offense. There were too many times when the team needed a tough yard against a good team and declined to do what it said it would: run for it, even against a defense that knew what was coming.
Biggest disappointment: This team did well to stock the roster at receiver, so the combination of pretty good health and pretty good depth meant the free fall of Kenny Britt didn't hurt as much as it could have. But coming out of camp, he looked poised to have a giant year in the final season of his rookie contract. Instead, per ESPN Stats & Information, he dropped 15.2 percent of the 33 passes thrown toward him. That's the highest drop rate in the league for a wide receiver targeted more than 14 times. He said there was a double standard by the team regarding his drops. Maybe it was more like a quadruple standard, considering his drop rate was nearly four times that of Kendall Wright and Damian Williams.
Biggest need: This team overrated its ability to rush the passer. Defensive tackle Jurrell Casey was a force, with 10.5 sacks in 15 games from the inside. But the outside guys were insufficient. They'll talk all day about how close Derrick Morgan gets on a regular basis, but he got only six sacks. The project with strongside linebacker Akeem Ayers moving forward to rush the passer as an end in situations was a failure. He got one sack. The Titans need to sign or draft an edge rusher who can be a difference-maker.
Team MVP: Casey. While there is a good case for Wright, the receiver who was a consistent threat, it's Casey by a nose. He produced 10.5 sacks from a position where double-digit sacks are a rarity. They were especially big considering the lack of help from other rushers. Casey has a swagger and an attitude that the team doesn't have enough of, and he established himself as a lynchpin who needs to be a long-term piece of this defense. His contract runs through 2014, but the Titans should talk extension with him this summer.


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Found It! Magazines' Favorite Bird Sculpture
Found It! Magazines' Favorite Bird Sculpture
Can you see the common element in both of these photos? There's a black bird sculpture hovering on the shelf in Emily Walker's Canadian crib, recently featured in Canadian House and Home. Not to be outdone, the same bird's perching on the Living Etc July 2009 cover. I've actually written about this bird before, and it was originally featured in the house of two famous designers. Do you recognize this black bird?
To see where you can find this bird,
It's the Vitra Eames House Bird ($208). Charles and Ray Eames originally decorated the Eames House with numerous objects from their travels, and this American folk art wooden bird was apparently one of their favorites. Originally found in the Appalachian mountain region of the eastern United States, this Eames bird is based on the original sculpture, and made from alderwood with a black lacquer finish.


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Come to the nature center to revitalize your body and mind. We'll begin with a yoga class to get our bodies stretched and energized then we'll share a healthy snack together. Workshop participants will also have an opportunity to enjoy a nature walk highlighting butterflies.
Location: Fields Pond Audubon Center, Holden
Saturday, July 7, 11 a.m.-2 p.m.
Leader: Holly Twining, Maine Audubon naturalist and certified yoga instructor
Cost: $20/member; $30/nonmember. Advance registration required. Please call 989-2591 or register online at www.maineaudubon.org.
This post was contributed by a community member. Submit your news →


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The Calderone School of Music, founded in 1975, has been operating in East Hanover and Millburn. The Millburn location has moved to 256 Morris Ave in Springfield, providing a larger and newer learning environment and more classrooms. The Calderone School of Music is a professional music school offering private lessons and ensembles on all instruments, voice and classes for young children called "Kindermusik."
Kindermusik classes are fun-filled musical experience that provide a hands on approach to exploring music and developing a child's potential, for age's two to seven. The school has more than 2,000 students from all over New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.
Kathleen Calderone, the director of the school and a professor of music at Kean University received her bachelor of arts degree in music education from Kean College, Union. She holds a Kodaly Graduate Certification in general and vocal music education from Westminster Choir College in Princeton, and obtained her master's degree in music at Rutgers University in New Brunswick and a New Jersey State Supervisors Certification.
For further information call Anna Hernandez, director of the Springfield studio at (973) 467-4688 or Calderone in East Hanover, Riverwalk Plaza at (973) 428-0405.


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rolled gold
rolled gold plate
Definition of rolled gold
1 : a base metal (as brass) with a thin plate of gold rolled over it
2 : a gold electroplate rolled or drawn out so that the gold becomes very thin
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Yes, there is an actual meaning in that. It's relevant to those interested in astrology.
I'm androgynous and value androgyny greatly. I don't feel like I can belong exclusively to one sex. I have mixed characteristics of both standard sexes, and I have to stress this: standard sexes. I don't believe in the idea of two fixed sexes.
I'm biologically female, but I don't like being labeled as one. While I don't identify exclusively with the male sex, I don't like the stereotypical view of things and being seen as a female because of my biological sex would be just that, stereotypical.
I'm against most social patterns based on stereotypes, norms and social standards. I prefer to cultivate individuality. (Uranian influence by the way.)
I'm pansexual, but in the absence of a more fitting option, I had to choose "bisexual" although I'm aware they're highly different. Yes, that means I don't attribute any value to gender and usually gender is not the factor that determines attraction. I find androgyny of any kind and in any form interesting, be it mental, emotional, aesthetical or even astrological. *cough cough*
I'm usually attracted to people who transcend their sex and biological shield or any social corset that they're placed in.
The state I most enjoy and continuously seek is connectedness. I like feeling "connected", whether it's a connection to an idea, a person, a type of atmosphere, an environment, a lifestyle or a book. I think it's one of the most emotionally/mentally/spiritually satisfactory feelings you can experience.
In some cases, feeling connected to an outer source is a form of confirmation which can offer validation. I often doubt the objectivity of my perception or I can be too involved in my own perspective and being related to something outside of myself provides the type of confirmation I need.
I tend to organize my emotions in an analytical way; emotional states are like objects to me. I detach myself from emotions as I experience them, take a mental picture, then withdraw to label and analyze them from an outer point of view while still being directly involved in them.
I feel connected to nature and animals in general. I adore analyzing the expressiveness of various animals. I think they're superior to humans in a way and their perception is more profound as they have access to levels of consciousness that people aren't always or naturally receptive to. I worship cats and I find wolves sacred and highly spiritual.
I'm not a religious person. I think religion is a type of political system meant to manipulate, just like social standards, although the essence it's based on is mainly positive. Don't confuse that with total lack of belief. I am however very attached to spirituality. I'm one of those people who believe in what you could call paranormal: astrology, tarot, numerology, dream intrepretation, past lives, reincarnation, karma, energy, ghosts, entities etc.
According to religious standards, I'd probably be classified as "immoral". But I think a facet of full spiritual evolution implies learning to let go of all preconceived notions based on societal norms, eliminating discrimination and cultivating tolerance by respecting the right to personal identity.
I thrive on variety and complexity in all of its forms.
Sometimes I wonder if I'm a 'broken' or dysfunctional Scorpio, considering the level of Air influence in my chart. Nevertheless I fully identify with my Sun Sign. (see the "Scorpio Pride" badge attached to my "Pluto & Mars" shirt.)
I like analyzing things from multiple perspectives and seeing all the angles of a situation, as well as all the ways in which a situation could develop. I'm receptive to the less apparent side of things and tend to want to pierce the surface of a situation or behavior/mentality. Ironically enough, and I know this is strangely atypical, I can offer a lot of freedom in a relationship to the point of openly accepting polyamory when I'm not particularly attached to a partner.
When I am attached though, I adopt the typical traits. I can be jealous and possessive, sometimes even obsessive. To me connections based on emotional attachment imply a form of closeness that's supposed to lead to unification, to a superposition of individual features. I tend to devour my partners emotionally and psychologically through the fact that I want to be fully involved in their experiences, to know all the sides of their personality and to be generally aware of who they are. Some people find that scary, and I don't blame them. I know "unification" sounds like it involves a loss of personal identity. But I actually see it more as a form of completion. It can lead to the creation of a new identity and at the same time, the individual identities can be maintained as well as supported by each other.
I'm an INFP according to the Myers-Briggs test. I used to constantly get this result whenever I took the test in varied formats some time ago. But the result seems to have recently started varying, depending on my mood and the type of test. Sometimes I'm classified as an INTP or ENFP. There's no exclusive description that fully mirrors me, but there are tendencies of all three types that describe me accurately.
You may not think a full name, a date of birth and a correct birth time are relevant, but they represent maximum potential for exposure and in some cases, they can be turned into weapons of psychological destruction. I find it fascinating how much saying "Moon in the 5th house" or "Jupiter in Virgo" can actually reveal. It's a type of astrological "equation" that I find both artistic and psychologically relevant.
I'm a very tolerant person and I reject discrimination in all of its forms. I hate misogyny, racism, homophobia and closed-mindedness. If you recognize yourself in any of these, I'm most likely not the type of person you'll be able to communicate with. Or you could try to establish a connection with me in case you're terribly self-destructive.
Before I forget to mention, I'm an obsessive compulsive, neurotic, sex driven, paranoic narcissist with depressive tendencies and a morbid sense of humor.
Still interested?
Some of my interests include: psychology, philosophy, astrology, sociology, mentality, metaphysics, numerology, spirituality, dream interpretation, face reading, palmistry, writing, poetry, photography, BJD's, foreign languages, anime, manga, yaoi, yuri, hentai, cosplay, fetish, psychosexuality, cross dressing, transgenderism, pansexuality, polysexuality, third gender, agenderism, bigenderism, transvestism, androgyny, hermaphroditism, translations, metamorphosis, awareness, symbolism, sarcasm, paradox, mysticism, contrasts, regeneration, complexity.
I am contrastive, multifaceted, and callipygian
The rest is not as precisely defined. Ha.
Analyzing situations and mentalities.
Detecting connections between seemingly random elements or finding patterns in things.
Wasting time in a constructive way?
Exercising the influence of the Scorpio eyes.
Being fully aware of myself and my tendencies while not applying that knowledge at all and maintaining a self-destructive passive state.
My androgynous appearance.
I'm usually interested in books based on fantasy, SF or related to psychology, the self, astrology etc.
Movies: Harry Potter, Lord of The Rings, Matrix, The Tenth Kingdom, She's The Man, Advent Children, Just One of the Boys, Just One of the Girls, The Dark Knight, Fantasia, Labyrinth, Stranger Than Fiction, Edward Scissorhands, Freaky Friday, Jaws, Big, Nim's Island, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Bruce Almighty, Me, Myself & Irene, Liar Liar, The Mask, Queer as Folk, What Women Want, A Clockwork Orange, Sorority Boys, Hard Candy, Agatha Christie: Poirot, But I'm a Cheerleader, 13 Going on 30.
Music: Generally eurodance, pop rock and instrumental.
The self.
Personal identity.
Metamorphosis, either mental, emotional or spiritual.
Life, death, rebirth and how they form a cycle.
Sexual identity and sexual orientation
Ok, ok. Most likely in front of the PC or "wasting time constructively."
We seem to have common interests / views.
You're interested in androgyny and/or different forms of sexuality.
You're interested in astrological expression.
You can interpret the first paragraph of my profile.
You're pansexual or polysexual.
You're consciously self-destructive.
You DON'T dislike cats. No, I'm not kidding. I find that I can't get over it, no matter how many qualities and positive aspects I see in a person.
Also, no manarchists please. Thank you.


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More to the point
It should have been made clear when you were appointed whether the management point was a permanent addition to your salary, and pensionable, or just a temporary increase for a specified period. You should be notified in writing of any change to your salary. With the new arrangements for salaries that are to come into force in 2006, all schools will be reviewing staffing arrangements and the present "M" points are to be phased out.
After a transition period, some teachers will see their pensionable salary fall. Some who are nearing retirement may choose to leave before that happens.
I am more concerned about your reference to "managing" a nursery. There is a fine line between management and leadership and you might want to find out whether you're being asked to undertake a leadership role in excess of what can be required of someone only paid for management responsibilities.
The review of school staffing would be an ideal time to clear this up. It might be worth talking to the local secretary of your professional association. Also look at job adverts to see how similar posts are advertised by other schools.


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UK Dating
Hi Team just to say a big thank-you as I think you have found me the special person that is why I no longer need... more..
Other UK Dating Group Sites
Alex and Steven Gerrrard announce they are expectingPosted on: May 17, 2011 14:30:01
Single people looking for love using online dating websites could be happy to hear that footballer's wife Alex Gerrard has announced she is pregnant.
The 28-year-old Liverpool resident revealed she will be a mother for the third time in a recent interview with OK! magazine.
Wife of Liverpool and England player Steven Gerrard, the fashion columnist claimed the news of the pregnancy had brought her and her husband closer.
The couple, who have been married since 2007, already have two daughters together - seven-year-old Lilly-Ella and five-year-old Lexie.
News of the pregnancy comes after rumours that the pair's relationship was having difficulties.
However, the blonde bombshell revealed her bond with her husband is the strongest it has been for quite some time.
Alex, who has released her own fragrance, also launched a fashion range for Selfridges in November last year.
The stunning mother-to-be posed in a black mini dress at the line's opening night, which was hosted by the Trafford Centre in Manchester.
Tired of being lonely hearts? Try online dating!
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Butterick Pattern 6635 Vintage 50s Dress Flared or Slim Skirt for size 16, bust 34. This includes; The background dress steps into the spotlight in 4 terrific versions. A) Slim skirt, club collar & cuffs, long sleeves. B) Short sleeves, jewel neck. C) Flared skirt, Peter Pan collar & cuffs, below-elbow sleeves. D) Short sleeves.
Links to reviews/blog posts Edit
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Give it everything by Al Green heard on The Truth About Cats & Dogs movie
Artist: Al Green
Music By: Al Green, David Steele
Courtesy: Bmg Entertainment International
Music By: Al Green, David Steele
Courtesy: Bmg Entertainment International
TOP 20 Popular songs from films where this soundtrack is played
Give it everything lyricsLove,
What about the things you want?
What about the things you need,
Versus the things you don't have?
You should have,
All of this world's desires,
All of this world's entire
Bounty and beautiful love
The stars
Reed full lyrics and the moon
And the birds soar real soon
You should have
All the things that you need
Give it everything
All the world to bring
If you believe in something
You go to give it everything
There's no time to waste
There's no life to take
Believers don't have to make haste
Oh no, but "I love you"
Are more than just some sweet words
"I love you"
Are the sweetest words I ever heard
One thing about I can't explain
That you are the world to me
When you're sure you love me
Show you love tenderly
Why should settle for second best
When you haven't tasted all the rest
Listen to me
Listen to my request
You should have all the things you want,
the things you need
All of the things your mind can conceive


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''Ithink my major criteria for the process is, 'Am I bored yet? Is this compelling?'" That's how fingerstyle and DADGAD master Laurence Juber describes how he arrives at an arrangement. If his latest record, LJ Plays the Beatles Vol. 2, is any indication, his process works. Over the course of 15 time-honored tracks, Juber displays a command of the instrument and an ability to play multiple parts that is dazzling, musical, and yes, very compelling.
In addition to his formidable chops, Juber brings a deep love and respect for the tunes, which stems from not only his being a fan of the Beatles as a "child of the '60s," but also from the fact that he actually played alongside Beatle Paul as a member of Wings. And even though he's been recognized for years as one of the world's elite fingerstylists, Juber has not been content to coast. Instead he continues to woodshed, refine his craft, and dig deeper into the music. "There was a period where I was striving to establish myself as a fingerstyle guitar player," he says. "Somewhere along the line I kind of stopped doing that and just focused on the music, but I'm constantly finding these new guitaristic challenges. I just keep learning new stuff."
You describe tackling arrangements like the ones on your latest record in "vertical slices." Can you explain what you mean by that ?
It's about learning it by what happens on each musical beat. When you're dealing with counterpoint—when you've got multiple parts going on—it doesn't do you any good to learn a line and then superimpose another line on top of it. If I learn a bass line with one fingering and then try to put a melody on top of it, the fingering for the bass line won't work all of a sudden. If you go in vertical slices, what happens on each beat lines up and it builds your muscle memory. You get a much more guitaristic understanding on the basis of what you see from beat to beat. Then, when you bring it up to speed and you put it into performance mode, you hear the individual lines as they should be. But you haven't tried to grapple each line independently and add them together.
Take "Penny Lane" and explain one of those vertical slices.
In the opening there's a descending bass line where it's walking down the scale along with the melody. After the pickup notes, you've got eighth-notes on top—an F# to an E—and the bass note is a quarter-note D. The next melody note is a D but the bass note is a C# . So you find often the stuff that you take for granted actually is a lot more dissonant harmonically than you might expect, with parallel major 7ths or something like that going on. But the ear always resolves the performance in separate parts so we don't necessarily hear those as dissonance. The brain is quite capable of listening to two or three melodies at the same time.
Towards the end of "Eleanor Rigby" you get two vocal lines, chords, and bass all going at once, which results in some really thick voicings. How did that come together?
It's happening, again, on a per-beat level. Typically with something like that, I'll put it down on paper so that I can actually look at it, because sometimes it can be hard to maintain the different parts in your head. It's a little bit of a fake because in the bass I'm pretty much just using the root to drive the harmony. Then you've got the two different vocal lines: "Ah, look at all the lonely people," and "All the lonely people." How can I do this and make it work guitaristically? And it just kind of works. I'm not sure there's any real magic to it. It's just paying attention to detail. One of the great things about DADGAD—actually I'm in C, G, D, G, A, D, but the top four strings are the same as DADGAD—is you can get these kind of thickened lines. But stuff like that takes a while to figure out exactly what's going to work nicely.
You talk about how everything needs to come back to a guitaristic standpoint, and yet the tunings and the voicings that you use sound very pianistic or like a string section. You've got those major seconds and minor seconds rubbing against one another, and that's more difficult to do on a standard-tuned guitar.
Right. In C, G, D, G, A, D, I have the extended bass and the ability to do the close voice, cluster kinds of things—the add2s and the sus4s—that do sound more pianistic. But what makes it so exciting is it's a guitar that's doing it. It's a guitar that's speaking in this kind of musical way. For me, that's a major part of the motivation, because to do this stuff on the piano would not necessarily be as inherently interesting.
You get a huge range of timbres on this record as well as a big dynamic range. Some tunes, like "Drive My Car," you play really hard, whereas "Here, There, and Everywhere," is amazingly delicate, both in touch and in tone.
Interestingly enough, "Here, There, and Everywhere" was one of the two tunes I played on my Brazilian rosewood signature Martin. That particular Brazilian rosewood guitar definitely lends itself to a light touch, but I think what drives it is finding the emotional space of the performance. That's not a tune that would necessarily want to be pushed in terms of right-hand articulation. It should be pretty light. I made some choices in the fingerings that helped avoid moves that would cause squeaks because it's such an exposed tune. Sometimes an open string can ring while the next fingering is being prepared. That particular arrangement needed to sing because it's such a pretty song, and I guess the guitar logistics work out nicely.
You've talked a little bit about choosing the tunings and the keys for these songs. Are you conscious of not having too many songs that are in the same key or back-to-back songs in the same key?
Very much. It's funny you bring that up because I think virtually every track on Rubber Soul is in the same key. It segues from one tune to the other and it's like, "Wait a minute—there's no key difference." I am conscious of it and I try as much as possible in the sequencing of the album not to put two tracks in a row in the same key. The same thing live. I know if I go see a guitar player who plays multiple tunes in the same key, I get bored.
Is it as simple as just capo-ing?
I think I've only ever recorded one tune with a capo. I wrote a thing in DADGAD, I didn't want it to be in D. I kind of liked the sound capo-ing at the 3rd fret, so it ended up being in F minor. Then as luck would have it, in the sequence of the album it went next to something that was in F major. But at least it was a major to minor. I am conscious of that because there's a certain kind of psychology of listening to music that you want to keep your audience interested and entertained.
In the grand scheme of popular music history, how important do you think these tunes are?
I think they're crucial. They are extremely central. Much like Robert Johnson did in the blues world, what the Beatles did—and what Lennon and McCartney in particular did— was to take everything that was going on in pop music and make it their own. It really is music for the ages. It doesn't go away. It keeps going from one generation to the next, like Shakespeare. We're talking about nearly 50 years and it still sounds fresh. It was incredibly well recorded, the bulk of it was extremely well written, and extremely well played. As an arranger, it's tremendously appealing.
What's next for you?
I've got a couple of things that I just started working on. I've done an arrangement of "Alfie," which I have to record for a Burt Bacharach compilation. Bacharach is a masterful composer of classical sensibility and there's some really deep, impressionistic harmonies that come out of his stuff and odd little changes in meter. I'm also doing "Poison Ivy" for a Leiber and Stoller compilation. In both cases, I can tackle an arrangement and learn something really cool and interesting out of it. It's just fascinating to me that I can be playing 47 years and still get excited about stuff.
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Sand Creek Post & Beam is thrilled to present Barns by Mail: Pre-cut Kit Barns by Mail-Order Catalog in the Midwest from 1900 to 1930. Researched and written by historic preservationist Joy Sears of Salem, Oregon, the article provides a fascinating look into the history of many of the Midwest's finest traditional barns.
According to Ms. Sears, many of the original barn kits were constructed with small dimension lumber due to the scarcity of big timbers. Unlike those original kits, Sand Creek Post & Beam is pleased to be able to provide full-dimension timbers in each barn kit we produce.
Sand Creek Post & Beam would like to thank the author for graciously allowing us to post this important and informative work. If anyone knows of any existing barns built from kits in the early 1900's or information on the companies that provided them we would love to hear from you. We will forward any information we received to Ms. Sears for possible future research.


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Summary: There are huge clues that Death Note could continue on forever. The story could very easily be restored and renewed if the creators wanted. I have loved this Manga and Anime series since high school. There are small clues and Easter eggs in the manga.
First and foremost I want to cover the History from the beginning, and where we are now as of 2016. Death Note as a series took place. As you have learned from reading the manga, Ryuk had dropped more than just one death note and I Quote Chapter one Boredom, Page 10: "The single notebook dropped into the human world by a shinigami... ...sets-off an all out battle between two chosen people"
If you have read death note 13, How to Read, you would know that there was a a prequel with Taro Kagami. Ryuk, who is of a low rank, loves to create mischief through out history. Quote Death Note episode 0: Shinigami pig: 'you can't get a new one unless you report to the old man.. the shinigami king. This is why you're still a C-Rank Shinigami' Ryuk: 'heh heh heh. This is my style."
So long as their is a shinigami in the shinigami world,and the king of death is capable of giving out death notes, humans are capable of reclaiming the title of Kira.
Ryuk dropped his note, it was all for the sake of boredum. Did he take Mikami or was it Near? Ryuk would never tell.
Rem dropped her note, it was for the sake of love. Or was it for that woman? Misa would have done anything for Light.
Gelus lost his note saving his favorite idol and love of his life. He removed evil, trash. He saved Misa from death and was a savior, he saved her life.
Sidoh lost his note, Ryuk had stole it, brothers will be brothers. The reversal was hard. Sidoh wouldn't drop his note again unless he really grew bored too.
Armonia Justin Beyondermason, he dropped his eyes for jewels, B... oh L... what did you do?....Who? Who?
Gukku is a lazy gambeler but loves those with similar personality. He loves someone too. What a woman? With him though? Why would she, he's a slacker right? That does not matter.
Zellogi he shares the views of Ryuk and even possibly shares the idea of overthrowing the shinigami king.... but he has always, always been hidden, he was a successor of Ryuk. Senpai was a great leader. He is very bored, and so curious of the human world and existance. He wants to learn all there is to know. Is he crazy? No all these shinigami are just ill-suited to be Kira followers.
Copycats are not uncommon in criminals, Calikarcha, he sees everything and could be related to Nu. He does the clean up and it just might be his turn to surpass even Nu or the God of Death. Calikarcha, Nu, and the King are Kindred Spirits. These are very rare and spyful shinigami. This is a warning, they will kill you. It is not a coincidence. It is assumed there is a election, to become a king or queen, but this is only assumed. They are more likely to be lined up by strength. They all might delete you from existance quicker than you can set an election day. They are not very patient.
Kindadara Guivelostain quote " stitches on her head, sharp teeth.. she appears to be very violent." she values her time and you better keep writing. She's one of the two strongest shinigami, Her termoil might be more overwhelming than L can interperet. What will you do... Near... You need the two and they are gone.... you need to have two....
Nu is "known for the eyes that cover her body, supposedly only shinigami king is stronger than She" She is a fan-girl loving Kira worshipper. She was sad and cried when Light Yagami died. She is dedicated to continuing his view on the world. Special True Cards are your life, you are Kira, You are L, you are Light. It is up to you the new holders of the death note, to rid the world of evil and bring about justice and love and peace.
The King of Death, even his name, as a rule is never to be mentioned. Although, is rightfully their leader only known to the history of the shinigami. He knows every truth of the shinigami, and is their judge, jury, and executioner.
Reference: manga volumes 1-13 (plus my creativity)
The L Files fall out of the 13th Volume! there are 7 stray pages,28 pages of L Files.
Let me rescue my bretheren
Did you see me
Odd aren't they
You see my eyes
Or is that my reflection
Left understood
Are we not the ones to control our happiness and feelings?
Did i ever thing god was inside me, inside us all
But now i see
Who are you
er are are we all
er do you not?
B oh B, oh L, sorrow
revenge isn't the way
or death of a friend or foe
teach us to be loving and happy
happy with great joy
er even accept everyone with open arms
remember me
see everyone the way they want to be
L and B were Brothers


text:
But behind the scenes, Washington is preparing for Rehnquist's departure — and for the possibility that Bush soon will get to make his first lifetime appointment to the high court.
Since the 80-year-old chief justice disclosed his illness in October, there has been a flurry of activity here among interest groups, Senate offices, law professors and others who would be involved in a Supreme Court confirmation.
All have been engaged in what amounts to political nesting: preparing for a nomination battle in the Senate over an open court seat, without knowing when an opening might occur or whom Bush would pick as a replacement.
The high court's membership hasn't changed in 11 years, and replacing even one justice could affect the law on issues such as abortion, affirmative action and religion's role in government. A battle over replacing Rehnquist, however, could be a mere prelude to nastier fights over other Supreme Court seats.
Rehnquist is among five justices who often vote as a conservative bloc. It's generally assumed that Bush would replace him with someone who had similar views, which probably would lead to little change in the court's overall positions. If a less conservative justice stepped down — say, the moderately conservative Sandra Day O'Connor, 74, or the more liberal John Paul Stevens, 84 — the potential for Bush to change the court's overall orientation would be greater.
The White House has had a shortlist of potential nominees since early in Bush's first term and probably would move quickly to name a replacement once a justice retired. The administration, however, is reluctant to discuss it publicly. White House spokeswoman Erin Healy says it would be premature to discuss anything related to a nomination "because there is no vacancy."
Nevertheless, interviews with three dozen people who would take part in a Supreme Court confirmation — working at the White House or in the Senate, toiling for interest groups or lobbying for potential nominees — indicate that the game is on, and that the process of replacing Rehnquist would be shaped by several factors:
•Bush wants to give the Supreme Court its first Hispanic justice — but perhaps not now.
The president has indicated that he wants to make history through such an appointment. But insiders such as Bradford Berenson, an associate White House counsel during Bush's first term, say that might not be the highest priority for Bush's first selection to the court.
Berenson notes that Bush just named two Hispanics to his Cabinet: former White House counsel Alberto Gonzales as attorney general and Carlos Gutierrez, former chief executive of Kellogg, as Commerce secretary.
Gonzales, 49, a close friend of Bush, has long been viewed as a potential Supreme Court nominee. His stock may have dropped during the past year because of questions over whether a memo he wrote in 2002 helped lead to abuse of prisoners in Iraq.
Despite being denounced by Senate Democrats during his confirmation hearings, Gonzales was approved as attorney general and still could be in line for a nomination to the high court someday. Emilio Garza, 57, a federal appeals court judge from Texas, is another Hispanic who could be a candidate for the high court.
But if Rehnquist leaves soon, most of those in line to be top contenders for chief justice happen to be conservative white judges on federal appeals courts, according to 10 lawyers who either have advised the White House on legal issues or who have done research for the administration on possible nominees. The lawyers do not comment publicly on Supreme Court nominations because of the sensitivity of preparing a list of candidates when there is no vacancy.
Among the top contenders for chief, the lawyers say, would be Samuel Alito, 54, of the U.S. appeals court based in Philadelphia; and J. Harvie Wilkinson, 60, and Michael Luttig, 50, both of whom are on the federal appeals court based in Richmond, Va.
A few judges whom Bush has put on the federal bench also would be candidates. They include John Roberts, 50, a lawyer in the Reagan and first Bush administrations who is on the U.S. appeals court in Washington, D.C., and Michael McConnell, 49, a former University of Utah law professor who is on the Denver-based U.S. appeals court.
Bush also could elevate a current justice to chief. Such a move is rare: Rehnquist, a Nixon appointee who was elevated to chief by President Reagan in 1986, was only the fifth justice to be bumped up to the center chair. The other 11 chief justices had not been on the court before being chosen to lead it.
During his first presidential campaign, Bush praised Clarence Thomas and Antonin Scalia, the Supreme Court's most conservative justices. The idea of making Thomthe nation's first African-American chief justice might appeal to the Republican president. But nominating Thomas, 56, would raise the prospect of a political brawl in the Senate, where Democrats hold 44 of the 100 seats. (Court nominees need 51 Senate votes to be confirmed.)
When Thomas was nominated to the court nearly 14 years ago, he was accused of sexual harassment in what he called a "high-tech lynching." He has since compiled a record as the court's most conservative member and would draw a barrage of attacks from the left.
Scalia is nearly as conservative as Thomas and is more feisty in his rhetoric. He's also a magnet for controversy for his activities off the bench — including a hunting trip with Vice President Cheney when a case involving Cheney was before the court last term. Scalia's age also could be a barrier to his being nominated for chief justice. He will be 69 in March; presidents traditionally have sought younger nominees who can make a mark on the court for decades.
Elevating a current justice would bring another complication for the White House: It would mean two sets of Supreme Court confirmation hearings in what has become a tense political climate in the Senate, where Republicans and Democrats have battled over Bush nominees to lower courts. One set of hearings would be held for the nominee for chief; another set would be held for whomever Bush chose to replace the justice who was being moved up to chief.
• Defining a nominee quickly would be crucial to supporters and opponents of the president's choice.
Once a vacancy on the high court occurs, expect the White House to move rapidly — much as Presidents Reagan and George H.W. Bush did after retirements in the 1980s and early 1990s.
Berenson says Bush is unlikely to follow the decision-making model of President Clinton, who took at least a month to designate Ruth Bader Ginsburg (as a replacement for Byron White) in 1993 and to nominate Stephen Breyer (for Harry Blackmun) the following year.
"I would expect that the White House would be ready to make an announcement within 48 to 72 hours of a vacancy," Berenson says. "I think they perceive it as very much in their interest not to have a lot of speculation out there."
Berenson says he believes that White House officials have not settled on a potential nominee for several reasons, including "fear of a leak" that would allow critics to begin taking shots at the nominee.
Just after Reagan nominated conservative federal appeals court judge Robert Bork to succeed Justice Lewis Powell in 1987, Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., delivered remarks in the Senate that marked Bork throughout his unsuccessful fight for confirmation.
"Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids," Kennedy said, in words that exaggerated Bork's conservative views but that nonetheless were effective. The Senate, then led by Democrats, eventually shot down Bork's nomination, 52-48.
More than 17 years later, around-the-clock news cycles on cable TV and the Internet have made the rapid shaping of a court nominee's image even more important.
That's why the conservative American Center for Law and Justice is preparing to spend at least $2 million on advertising and public relations to defend a Bush nominee. "We have to prepare as if (a nomination) would happen tomorrow," the center's Jay Sekulow says.
Meanwhile, liberal groups such as the Alliance for Justice and People for the American Way are preparing to go on the offensive once a nomination is made. They are working on the assumption that Bush would pick a conservative who, like Rehnquist, would favor restrictions on abortion rights, affirmative action and other liberal causes.
Elliot Mincberg, a lawyer for People for the American Way, says his group has set up a "war room" in Washington for 50 volunteers whose work would focus on a nominee. He said the group also is prepared to spend more than $2 million for advertising, polling and other public relations efforts to oppose a Bush nominee if the group believed the nominee's views were outside the legal mainstream.
The White House would try to avoid having its nominee portrayed that way. The Federalist Society, a privately funded group with ties to the administration, has contracted with a consulting firm that is lining up conservative legal analysts and former high court clerks to promote a Bush nominee in the media.
• In the Senate, the rules of the game could change.
Key players in the Republican-led Senate say they might seek rules changes that could allow a Bush nominee an easier path to confirmation — and presumably give the president more latitude to choose a very conservative jurist.
Majority Leader Bill Frist, R-Tenn., has angered Minority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., and other Democrats by suggesting that the Senate's rules for judicial nominations could be changed to prevent the chamber's 44 Democrats from holding filibusters to block votes on nominees. Under such a change, a simple majority in the Senate, or 51 votes, could ensure a vote on a nominee, rather than the 60 now needed to cut off any filibusters.
Democrats have used filibusters to stall the nominations of 10 Bush nominees to lower courts who Democrats said have views that are too far to the right.
• In Supreme Court nominations, underground campaigning is key.
Advocates for possible nominees have been promoting them quietly in the media and with lawyers connected to the administration. The advocates are playing a delicate game in which they seek to get their messages across without attracting so much attention that their candidate comes off as an ambitious publicity hound.
Akhil Amar, a Yale Law School professor who is cautiously pushing McConnell for a Supreme Court seat, is among the few such people who acknowledge doing so.
Amar says he has been talking up McConnell, a scholar on church-state issues, to conservative lawyers who are connected to the White House and to liberal friends who could be in a position to support McConnell among Democratic senators. McConnell isn't involved in the effort, Amar says.
"One does have to be organized," Amar says. "I really did think about how to do this: Do I want to write an op-ed (piece in a newspaper)? No, that might be the kiss of death. You're not quite permitted to openly campaign. So I have been talking to people, including back channels to conservatives in the White House."
Boyden Gray, White House counsel to the first President Bush, says, "Everyone who has been successful (in landing a seat on the high court) has had a campaign. But it has to be quiet and done right — not so much self-promotional, but getting to the right people."


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Kulim District
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Kulim District
|Coordinates: 5°21′36″N 100°32′59″E / 5.36000°N 100.54972°ECoordinates: 5°21′36″N 100°32′59″E / 5.36000°N 100.54972°E
|mid-18th century
|Granted municipality status
|• Tuan Yang DiPertua MPKK
|Tn. Abdul Aziz Bin Haji Abdul Ghani AMK, BCK
|• Total
|764 km2 (295 sq mi)
|Population (2015[2])
|• Total
|• Density
|590/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
|Time zone
|• Summer (DST)
|Not observed (UTC)
|Postal code
|International dialling code prefix
|+6044 (landline only)
The Kulim District is a district in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. It is located at the southeastern corner of Kedah, bordering the state of Penang to the west and a mere 27 km (17 mi) east of George Town, Penang's capital city. Due to its closer proximity to Penang, Kulim is also part of Greater Penang, Malaysia's second largest conurbation, with the town's logistical needs being met by Penang's well-developed transportation infrastructure.
The Kulim's independence clock was officiated by the Sultan of Kedah (15 September 1957) and serves as the unofficial landmark for the city of Kulim. The construction of the clock was completed within 3 months and upon completion, was made formalized by DYMM Tuanku Sultan Badlishah Ibni Almarhum Yang Di Pertuan Paduka Seri Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah, KOM, CMG, KBE Sultan Kedah on 15 September 1957, or 2 weeks after the declaration of independence of Malaysia (31 August 1957).[3][4]
Administrative divisions[edit]
Kulim District is divided into 15 mukims, which are:[5]
- Bagan Sena
- Junjung
- Karangan
- Keladi
- Kulim Town
- Lunas
- Mahang
- Nagalilit
- Padang China
- Padang Meha
- Sedim
- Sidam Kanan
- Sungai Seluang
- Sungai Ular
- Terap
Kulim District is administered by Kulim Municipal Council.
Notable natives[edit]
- Reez Saidin, International Event Specialist currently resides in Sydney.
- Ismail Omar, formerly the 9th Inspector General of Royal Malaysian Police, currently Malaysian ambassador to France.[6]
- Gary Steven Robbat, professional football player for Johor Darul Takzim F.C.
- Suppiah Chanturu, professional football player for Johor Darul Takzim F.C.
- Muhammad Akram Mahinan, professional football player for Johor Darul Takzim II F.C.
- Kulim Landmark Central (Giant Hypermarket and The Store is anchor tenants)
See also[edit]
- ^ Kulim Granted City Status , Kulim's Municipal council History. October 31, 2010. Archived October 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Website of Kulim municipal, Population data published by Kulim municipal
- ^ Kulim's Background, Laman Web Rasmi Majlis Perbandaran Kulim (Official Website of Kulim Government). January 16, 2010.
- ^ Kulim's City Centre, Kulim's Municipal council website-Kulim's Background October 31, 2010.
- ^ http://apps.water.gov.my/jpskomuniti/dokumen/KULIM_PROFIL_FEBRUARI_2011.pdf
- ^ "Tan Sri Haji Ismail Bin Haji Omar" (in Malay). Royal Malaysian Police. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kulim.
- Kulim travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Kulim's Municipal Council Website
- Kulim's Malaysia Online


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Scott Chen" <sc...@fb.com>
|Review Request: Raid should rearrange the replicas while raiding
|Thu, 09 Dec 2010 19:11:57 GMT
----------------------------------------------------------- This is an automatically generated e-mail. To reply, visit: https://reviews.apache.org/r/160/ ----------------------------------------------------------- Review request for hadoop-mapreduce, Dhruba Borthakur and Ramkumar Vadali. Summary ------- Raided file introduce extra dependencies on the blocks on the same stripe. Therefore we need a new way to place the blocks. It is desirable that raided file satisfies the following two conditions: a. Replicas on the same stripe should be on different machines (or racks) b. Replicas of the same block should be on different racks MAPREDUCE-1831 will try to delete the replicas on the same stripe and the same machine (a). But in the mean time, it will try to maintain the number of distinct racks of one block (b). We cannot satisfy (a) and (b) at the same time with the current logic in BlockPlacementPolicyDefault.chooseTarget(). One choice we have is to change BlockPlacementPolicyDefault.chooseTarget(). However, this placement is in general good for all files including the unraided ones. It is not clear to us that we can make this good for both raided and unraided files. So we propose this idea that when raiding the file. We create one more off-rack replica (so the replication=4 now). Than we delete two blocks using the policy in MAPREDUCE-1831 after that (replication=2 now). This way we can rearrange the replicas to satisfy (a) and (b) at the same time. Diffs ----- trunk/src/contrib/raid/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/raid/DistRaid.java 1040840 trunk/src/contrib/raid/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/raid/RaidNode.java 1040840 trunk/src/contrib/raid/src/test/org/apache/hadoop/raid/TestRaidNode.java 1040840 Diff: https://reviews.apache.org/r/160/diff Testing ------- Thanks, Scott
|View raw message


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The Americans S01E04: "In Control"
An assassination attempt on President Reagan forced the KGB and FBI to prepare for nuclear war, while both sides parsed out leadership claims made by Secretary of State Alexander Haig. With a universe shown through individuals whose lives wholly revolve around the hypothetical conflict of two disparate nations, "In Control" gave us some tangible examples of what the crucial step just before war might actually look like: political machinations, unburied weapons, and scoped-out targets. History has shown us how the Cold War shook out, so ultimately The Americans isn't about whether or not guerilla warfare comes to the U.S.; it's more of a discussion of humanity's role in inhumanity. Temporarily putting Phillip and Elizabeth's marital woes aside (for the most part), this fourth installment focused more on the familial dynamics that exist between a citizen and her government. The result was a new, yet familiar angle on The Americans' growing theme of personal interests conflicting with a larger force.
At the end of the day, every public body is made up of a bunch of people. Governments, clubs, organizations, movements all consist of folks in varying degrees of status either calling the shots for said group, or putting orders into action. Forget about those caught in the crossfire (scared hotel worker, Beeman's son), the question is, who's most important? Well, as last night's episode proved, whoever holds the information. While Phillip and Elizabeth hustled to collect the most up-to-date intel on President Reagan's condition, and Beeman investigated a non-existent KGB connection, both parties' respective superiors were raring to pull the trigger on nuclear war. Sure, those bombs are mighty powerful, but what's stronger is the ability to stop or start those bombs, and the withholding of information that would start World War III fell into the hands of a select few on the front lines: Nina, chest-puffing congressional aides, the bullet-catching secret serviceman, and the poor, lead-brained neighborhood security guard all represented figures closer to a danger than their respective leaders.
As Phillip and Elizabeth further shed their unquestioned devotion to Mother Russia in the name of family, we're seeing an unpredictable team, albeit one that still honors responsibility. Working in sync as a true married couple (with romantic feelings expressed in hotel meetups) yielded discussions about mission assignments as recognizable and relatable as whether or not to stop and ask for road-trip directions. Except the destination was possible guerilla warfare, and as the compassionate one in the duo, Phillip was reluctant to turn preparation into escalation. Elizabeth retorted with a relationship classic: "You think you understand things so much better than I do... why?" Well, because he kind of likes America, and that allows him to see things she can't. He understands the enemy, the same way Beeman cares for Nina so far as she can provide him valuable tips. Similarly, Elizabeth's blind hatred of the U.S. prevented her from reading Haig's declaration for what it was (I looked it up, he was talking about the Executive Branch, not gunning for the Oval Office), and the gorgeous FBI asset's ignorance of American life made her read the situation incorrectly. It just goes to show how effective discussion can be in moments as tense as this, or as Nina put it, "Both sides have their fingers on the trigger and that's how it happens. One mistake is all it takes." In both cases, we're getting two opposing sides forced to protect the very faction each is against for an ultimate greater good.
Now as a series of flashbacks attested, we're still getting more on Elizabeth's backstory than Phillip's, which I'm guessing is because he'll draw the focus on the latter half of the season. When he does, his history better be a doozy. For now, Matthew Rhys is doing such a fine job of bringing everything about Mr. Jennings to life that I'm happy waiting. But back to Elizabeth, or should I say "Nadezhda," and her lessons from mother: uh, basically self-reliance. Not sure we needed any more reasons as to why Elizabeth is such an independent woman, but going forward there could be some terribleness revealed with her mom + Russia, and that kind of thing always seems character-defining. Also, it could inform her relationship with Paige a little more. Either way, it was a big deal for her to relinquish control to Phillip, who, yeah let's face it, basically took charge like a champ. But we know Elizabeth is capable of going her own way (i.e. straight deading that poor Rent-a-Cop point blank), so following her husband's lead after all her doubts and back-room loving signified yet another turning point in their relationship. One that put them even further ahead of Stan Beeman and his wife. There's been no shortage of love for Beeman in the comments section, and I'll go ahead and throw my hat in the ring too for the fella. Between his scene with Nina, which kind of felt like a first date, and his all-too-real conversation with his increasingly estranged wife, the quote-unquote bad guy is coming off as a very sympathetic figure. Try as he might to live a traditional American life, the Jennings still outshine his marriage by the simple fact that they share so much time and information together.
Oh spies, is there anything they can't do?
– Welp, there goes the Jennings' first secret from Moscow. Hopefully this brings them closer together.
– Wonder if Dead Security Guard is going to come back to bite the Jennings in the ass.
– Dang, anyone else learning a lot about history from this show's references? Now I know what the Solidarity Trade Union Movement is (no thanks to public school).
– Really liked the Charles/Sparrow character.
– Man, Amador is STILL getting crap—this time from Beeman for not reporting the car glare.
– Claudia sees something in Elizabeth. Wonder if she'll turn Elizabeth against Phillip one day.
– Hey real footage taught me that the news reported "James Brady" was killed, when he wasn't. Way to pull through dude!
– Very rad telephone sequence set to Echo and the Bunnymen's "The Pictures on My Wall." Happy to have '80s music back, but look, it's 1981, we're in D.C. Where's Minor Threat? Where's Bad Brains?!
– WTF with Paige and the Beeman boy talking about "Travel agenting is a world filled with peril." Hmm, is the Jennings daughter too child-actory to bring anything to the table?
– So many historical interweavings this episode.