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Originally written on Start 'N' Park Blog | Last updated 10/22/14
CORNELIUS, N.C. – No. 15 5-hour ENERGY Toyota crew chief Brian Pattie is bringing two proven race winning chassis to the racetrack over the next two weeks as he tries to close the gap on the points leaders. Bowyer is third in the point standings trailing leader Jimmie Johnson by 26 points with three races remaining. Pattie is bringing Chassis No. 740 for Sunday's AAA 500 at Texas Motor Speedway—the same car that visited victory lane for the Bank of America 500 at Charlotte. And he is preparing his Richmond race-winning car for the following week at Phoenix. CAR SELECTION: "I got the Charlotte winner going to Texas and I have the Richmond winner going to Phoenix. Homestead we'll just have to see what happens. I'm taking the car that we won with at Richmond and that's going to be our car at Phoenix. I just want to make sure that we are prepared and ready. Turning the Martinsville car around last minute and getting it on a truck that leaves next Tuesday didn't make me feel like I'd be well prepared in time for Phoenix. So we are deciding to take a proven car. I mean obviously she won at Richmond and had good speed. We totally reworked the Richmond car to get it ready. The guys here are all-in. The guys in the fab shop and body shop have given me everything I've asked for. These guys are working hard at the shop and they want to win just as bad as I do. It's cool that when we go to the racetrack we know that we have 250 employees behind us. Whatever we want to do – they are all for it." THE LEADERS: "All I can do is worry about running well and putting ourselves in position to win races every week. Bad luck is not something I can really wish upon the other guys in front of us or even worry about. Yes, we are going to need some help from the other guys to stay in this deal. I said that in the post-race interview at Charlotte. Even after winning Charlotte we were still 20-something points out and we're going to need some help to catch these guys. Now there are two guys in front of us, but the gap is still about the same after finishing fifth and sixth two weeks in a row. It's tough! These guys are tough. Winning a championship in the Cup Series is tough to do and we're finding that out the hard way by running good and not making up spots. We'll just keep doing what we've been doing. We've had a phenomenal summer and fall. The last 20 races or so have been pretty good. We'll just keep plugging away and hopefully they'll mess up and we are there to capitalize." EXPECTATIONS: "Let's be honest – I don't think at the start of the season that anyone thought that we'd be sitting where we are today. It's a brand new team. All of us came together for the very first time December 7, 2011. We went to test at Disney. It was just a shakedown test. That was the first time that I even got to see Clint with his helmet on and actually talk to him. I mean we were friends and talked in the garage area at the track, but this was the first time we got to actually work together. I told the guys coming back from Martinsville the other night – if you would have told us as we were sitting at dinner one of the nights at Disney that we'd be sitting third in points within shouting distance of the lead with three races to go – what would you have said? I really wasn't looking at that. I was thinking and looking at getting into the Chase. Let's win some races make the Chase and see what happens. Well, now we've made the Chase, we've won some races and now we are in it. Hey, it's fun! It's a learning experience for all of us. Watching the driver and how he adapts to the pressure and the situation. It's the same way with the crew members. It's the same way with pit crew guys and my A-team guys that travel. The engineers and myself – it's a learning experience. Hopefully if it works out we'll win the championship. If it doesn't we are going to take some positives into next year and try to polish the edges that weren't so polished this year and make it right for next year." POINT STANDINGS: Bowyer is third in the point standings with 2265 points. Bowyer trails leader Jimmie Johnson by 26 points. Prior to 2012, the best season any driver in the history of MWR has finished in a season is 16th in the final point standings (David Reutimann, 2009). CHASSIS NOTES: Primary chassis No. 740 is the race winning car from the Bank of America 500 at Charlotte. Backup chassis No. 716 raced earlier this season in Las Vegas, Kansas, Charlotte, Kentucky and Indianapolis. Chassis No. 716's best finish was sixth at Las Vegas. IN THE CHASE: Bowyer has one win, three top-five and six top-10 finishes in seven Chase races. He has an average finish of 8.3 and has averaged a 5.9 qualifying effort. He has collected three bonus points for his win at Charlotte and six bonus points for leading laps in six of the seven races to collect a total of nine bonus points. LOOPING THE CHASE: Bowyer has raced in the top-15 for 93.3 percent of laps run in the Chase (most of any driver), has the best average starting position (5.9) and is tied for the most top-10s (six). He ranks second in average running position (7.735), third in driver rating (106.8) and top-five finishes (three). 2012 BOWYER vs. CAREER BOWYER: Bowyer has three wins (Sonoma, fall Richmond and fall Charlotte), nine top-five and 21 top-10 finishes and is third through 33 races of 2012. In his six previous seasons, Bowyer's best ranking through 33 races was third in 2007, most top-five finishes was six in 2010 and most top-10s was 16 in 2010. See side bar for additional comparison. WINNING: At Sonoma, Bowyer scored his sixth career Cup Series win and his first on a road course. In Richmond Bowyer scored his seventh career Cup Series win and his second at Richmond. At Charlotte, Bowyer scored his eighth career Cup Series win and his first on a 1.5-mile track. LEADING: Bowyer has led in 13 of 33 races for 388 laps in 2012. He led season-high 154 Laps in Martinsville, 88 laps in his Richmond win, 71 laps in Sonoma and 29 at Charlotte two weeks ago. Bowyer has led laps in six of the seven Chase races and seven of the last eight races. MWR IN 2012: MWR's five Cup Series drivers have scored a combined record of three wins (Bowyer at Sonoma, Richmond and Charlotte), 23 top-five and 54 top-10 finishes through the 33 races of the season. Four drivers have recorded three or more top-five finishes – Bowyer has nine, Truex Jr. has seven, Martin has four and Vickers has three. All five drivers, including Waltrip, have recorded a top-10. See side bar for additional comparison. 1100 LAPS AND COUNTING: Bowyer led 154 laps and Brian Vickers led 27 at Martinsville to give MWR's Toyotas 1187 laps led in the 33 Sprint Cup Series races of 2012. Truex Jr. leads the MWR charge with 423 laps led, Bowyer 388, Martin with 195, Vickers 158, and Waltrip with 21. PINK LEMONADE: Bowyer raced the No. 15 Pink Lemonade 5-hour ENERGY/Avon Foundation for Women Breast Cancer Crusade Toyota the entire month of October. In 2012, 5-hour ENERGY is donating at least $75,000 to the Avon Foundation for Women Breast Cancer Crusade in connection with its new Pink Lemonade flavor. But that donation can increase a lot. The more Pink Lemonade 5-hour ENERGY sells, the more they will donate.
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A risky method to riches
There is a time to buy stocks and there is a time to sell them. And...
The price of turmeric between 1 October 2009 and 15 October 2009 shot up from around Rs8,000 to Rs8,900 due to lower arrivals and strong demand. Emergence of export demand from the Middle East is also supporting the gain in prices. Turmeric stocks were already lower by seven lakh bags compared to last year and the recent floods and heavy rains have further increased the gap to about eight lakh bags. Post-Diwali, prices are expected to touch Rs7,800 to Rs8,000 levels as some profit-booking would be seen in the markets.
Recent floods in the southern states of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka have affected the corn-producing belt. This will keep corn prices high, since nearly one-fifth of the crop in Karnataka and AP has been wiped out. Karnataka and AP account for 10% and 20% of corn output respectively.
Copper remains a base metal with strong fundamentals. Chinese demand has begun to normalise; demand for copper remains fairly robust while scrap supply remains steady too. However, fears that all is not well with the supply scenario have resurfaced due to strikes in key producing areas. The rich countries are likely to join the emerging world in global economic recovery in 2010 resulting in a rise in the copper demand in the first quarter of 2010. Copper prices are expected to move above $6,700 in the next three-four months.
Petitioner seeks court declaration of SEBI's suppression of Final Orders as illegal, also demands details of investigation against CSDL
Just days after the Andhra Pradesh High Court heard a PIL against SEBI for allegedly suppressing a series of final orders in connection with the 2004-05 IPO scam, another PIL has been filed in the same court a couple of days ago, by Srinivas Podichety, reports Web portal Bar & Bench.com.
The Bar & Bench article reports that the second writ petition, filed by Srinivas Podichety yesterday, has arraigned Dr Mohan Gopal and V Leeladhar as Respondents. These two constituted the two-member committee that examined various charges levelled by the regulator against NSDL in connection with the IPO scam of 2005. The petitioner is seeking a declaration from the AP High Court that the action of not publishing the Final Orders is illegal and is demanding production of all documents from SEBI. Mr Podichety is also seeking details of the investigation against Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).
Previously, another aggrieved investor, V Narayan Reddy, had filed a writ petition in the Andhra Pradesh High Court, questioning the market regulator's action of withholding a Final Order passed by its two-member committee with respect to the role of National Securities Depository Ltd (NSDL) in the IPO scam. He alleged that SEBI is not inclined to publish the Order to prevent adverse consequences for Mr Bhave, as he was the chairman and managing director of NSDL when the scam occurred. His petition also indicates that the report may have indicted SEBI as well as NSDL for failure to protect investors.
– Sanket Dhanorkar [email protected]

subset: commoncrawl


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Case Conclusion Date: 06.08.2011
Practice Area: Criminal defense
Outcome: Not Guilty
Description: Client was charged with firearm possession after an alleged armed robbery. After having Armed Robbery charges dropped, and filing motions with the Supreme Judicial Court seeking agreement that the gun should have been suppressed, we went to trial. After 5 days of testimony, the jury agreed in 20 minutes that my client was not guilty.


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Kidney stones are crystallized material in the urine. These stones form in the kidneys or other parts of the urinary tract. The kidneys remove waste (in the form of urine) from the body. They also balance the water and salt content in the blood. There are several types of kidney stones:
Kidney Stone
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Some of the known causes of kidney stones in children include:
These factors increase your child's chance of developing kidney stones:
Occasionally, kidney stones do not cause symptoms, and they leave the body in the urine. The condition can cause severe pain. Symptoms include:
The doctor will ask about your child's symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Tests may include:
Treatment depends on the size and location of the kidney stone. Treatment may include:
For small kidney stones, having your child drink plenty of water will help her body pass the stone in the urine. The doctor may provide a special cup to catch the stone when it passes so that it can be analyzed. If your child is having a hard time keeping fluids down, she may need to be hospitalized to receive fluids in her vein. The doctor may also give your child pain medicine and antibiotics until the stone passes.
Surgery may be needed if the stone is:
Types of surgery include:
If your child is diagnosed as having kidney stones, follow the doctor's instructions.
Once your child has had a kidney stone, he may be more likely to have another. Here are some steps to prevent this condition:
American Urological Association Foundationhttp://www.urologyhealth.org/
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseaseshttp://www.niddk.nih.gov/
National Kidney Foundationhttp://www.kidney.org/
Health Canadahttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/index_e.html/
The Kidney Foundation of Canadahttp://www.kidney.ab.ca/
American Urological Association. Clinical guidelines: ureteral calculi ('07). American Urological Association website. Available at:
. Accessed July 13, 2010.
Borghi L, Meschi T, Maggiore U, Prati B. Dietary therapy in idiopathic nephrolithiasis.
Nutr Rev
. 2006;64:301-312.
Calcium. EBSCO Natural and Alternative Treatments website. Available at:
. Updated April 2009. Accessed July 13, 2010.
Campell MF, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, eds.
Campbell-Walsh Urology
. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2007.
Caple C. Ketogenic diet in children. EBSCO Nursing Reference Center website. Available at:
. Published December 4, 2009. Accessed July 13, 2010.
The Children's Hospital. Kids and kidney stones: a growing problem. The Children's Hospital website. Available at:
http://www.thechildrenshospital.org/news/publications/shine/winter-2010/kidney-stones.aspx. created winter 2010
. Accessed June 29, 2010.
Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Kidney, bladder, and genitals conditions and diagnoses: bladder/kidney stones. Cincinnati Children's Hospital website. Available at:
. Updated November 2009. Accessed June 29, 2010.
Coe FL, Evan A, Worcester E. Kidney stone disease.
J Clin Invest
. 2005;115:2598-2608.
Delvecchio FC, Preminger GM. Medical management of stone disease.
Curr Opin Urol
. 2003 May; 13(3):229-33.
DynaMed Editors. Kidney stones. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
. Updated June 28, 2010. Accessed June 29, 2010.
Kidney stones in adults. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Available at:
. Published October 2007. Accessed July 13, 2010.
Martini LA, Wood RJ. Should dietary calcium and protein be restricted in patients with nephrolithiasis?
Nutr Rev
. 2000;58:111-117.
National Kidney Foundation. Kidney stones. National Kidney Foundation website. Available at:
. Created 2010. Accessed June 29, 2010.
Pearle MS, Lingemann JE, Leveillee R, et al. Prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for lower pole caliceal calculi 1 cm or less.
J Urol
. 2005;173:2005-2009.


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Bloody This is the last Nightmare member showing up in the first season. Bloody can transform into a bat-like creature, shooting sonic waves at his enemies. In the first place, however, he tries to win by persuasion and talking, only using Kowaina to help him. He is seen as a senior employee at Nightmare and was well respected. He always uses rooms or places to transform into Kowaina rather than objects.
In his last failure at defeating Pretty Cure 5 he returned back to Nightmare HQ and was confronted by Kawarino who then forced a black Kowaina mask on his face and sent him to the "hellish basement" of Nightmare. Bloody's final appearance was that he had overcome some of the black mask's control but kept it's power showing just how powerful he was on his own and opening a portal to drag down Kawarino with him beneath Nightmare.


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Wednesday, September 1, 2010
Crossroads Sues Storage Firms
Austin-based Crossroads Systems, a developer of Fibre Channel bridges, routers, and other related products, has filed a patent infringement lawsuit against seven storage firms. Crossroads filed suit in the Texas Western District Court on Wednesday, saying that 3PAR, American Megatrends, Rorke Data, D-Link Systems, Chelsio Communications, DataCore Software Corporation, and iStor Networks all infringe on its router and data storage patents. The patent lawsuit comes as 3PAR is in the midst of a massive bidding war between HP and Dell, who are both attempting to buy the firm to bolster their enterprise storage businesses. No details or comments on the lawsuit have been released by any of the firms involved.


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Johnny Depp, Elizabeth Banks, and Anne Hathaway: 30 Stars Who've Lent Their Voices to 'Family Guy' (PHOTOS)
It was announced on Thursday that the Dark Shadows star was going to reprise his Edward Scissorhands role on Family Guy for the show's 11th season, but it was also revealed that Hunger Games star Elizabeth Banks would be lending her voice in the season premiere.
Who exactly will Banks be voicing?
According to Entertainment Weekly, she'll be "playing" the "snooty wife of Lois' ex-boyfriend Ross Fishman, who attempts to scale Mt. Everest with her perfect family."
How I Met Your Mother's Neil Patrick Harris poked fun at his own show during the show's fifth season. Watch below.
Another memorable — and recurring — star who is Family Guy friendly is Drew Barrymore.
Most notable, she voiced the girlfriend of Brian, the family's dog.
Also, former American Idol judge Simon Cowell brought his signature mean to the show.
Pineapple Express funnyman Seth Rogen also stopped by, and voiced himself.
Another actor who voiced himself was Ryan Reynolds. Watch below.
For even more celebs who voiced characters on Family Guy, click through the gallery.
No changes are to be made to this player


text: Simply Social Media is a Santa Fe-Based social media strategy company that creates unique opportunities and campaigns to promote local businesses to a new market. In addition to managing accounts for other businesses and organizations, we utilize our two promotional Instagram accounts @SimplySantaFeNM & @TravelNewMexico to engage with the community by promoting the ideas of #communityfirst and #supportlocal. We strive to connect the virtual community in real life. We help make social media simple!


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|Where are the paintings?
This article is in need of more images and/or better quality pictures in order to achieve a higher status. You can help the Assassin's Creed Wiki by uploading better images on this page.
Iguanas are herbivorous lizards found in Texas, Hawaii, Florida, Mexico, Central America, Brazil and the Caribbean.
The most common iguana is the green iguana, which primarily feeds on leaves, flowers and fruits. Although it typically flees when threatened, it can puff its body and hiss or lash its tail and bite.[1]
During the early 18th century, the pirate Edward Kenway hunted iguanas for their hides. In 1715, he killed and skinned two of them on Abaco Island to craft leather bracers.[1] After becoming an Assassin, Edward's quartermaster Adéwalé also hunted iguanas.[2]


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Talk:Evidence (law)
|Evidence (law) has been listed as a level-4 vital article in Society. If you can improve it, please do. This article has been rated as C-Class.
|WikiProject Law
|(Rated C-class, Top-importance)
- 1 Odd things, especially last sentence in "Authentication" section
- 2 Organization of the Discussion of the Topic
- 3 Relevance and Mr. Wilson
- 4 Authentication
- 5 Overemphasis of relevance of Bayesian theorem to evidence law
- 6 Hearsay
- 7 The Question of the Proper Role of Bayesianism (Probability Theory) in the Law School Classroom
- 8 Civil Law
- 9 More evidence (Sources and Bibliography) required for the Evidence page!
- 10 What's the difference of the word "Evidence and Proof"
- 11 Disclosure
Odd things, especially last sentence in "Authentication" section[edit]
looking something up quickly, notice there are some rather odd things going on in the actual article. Notably the last sense [sentence] of the section Authentication. I am sorry I have not got the time to go through the changes as the moment and find out what might have been removed and added. -- 02:04, August 7, 2010 MithrandirAgain
- This comment was unsigned. I gave it attribution and time stamp, made a title and put "sentence" in brackets after "sense", which I believe was used in error. -- Kjkolb (talk) 07:45, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
Organization of the Discussion of the Topic[edit]
The overall organization of this topic is inconsistent.
Point A. The table of contents as it now stands (15 October 2007) is:
1 Relevance and social policy
2 Presence or absence of a jury
3 Exclusion of evidence
3.1 Relevance
3.2 Unfairness
4 Authentication
5 Witnesses
6 Hearsay
7 Circumstantial evidence
Topic #3 is not parallel to Topic #1. (The relevance rule is one ground for exclusion of evidence.) Moreover, Topic #3 largely duplicates Topic #1.)
Point B. Throughout the short discussions there is an indiscriminate passing back and forth between the laws of different countries, mainly between, on the one hand, the law of evidence in the United States and, on the other hand, the law of evidence in the UK. The discussion of the "law of evidence" will not work if large national differences in some areas are not mentioned and discussed. And if countries such as Australia, Canda, Malaysia, Germany, etc., etc., are not to be discussed, this should be noted in the title.
It might make sense -- it would make sense -- to break down the topic "law of evidence" into "the law of evidence [or proof, as the case may be] of [jurisdiction or country in question -- such as Australia]".
Point C. This complaint -- Point C -- is a complaint about a lack of depth as well about poor organization. The law of evidence in the US has lots of topic, subtopics, and curlicues that are not even mentioned in this entry. For example, there is an elaborate set of rules about the impeachment and rehabilitation of witness, but there is no mention or discussion of this in the entry.
This Wikipedia entry on the "law of evidence" hasn't changed or improved much during the last two years. Bluntly put, this entry is almost a complete failure.
Relevance and Mr. Wilson[edit]
Someone has an undue amount of affection for Mr. Wilson. His views are surely interesting to an intellectual historian, and they may even be interesting in their own right. But it is extremely doubtful that the views of an 18th century figure are a useful key for an understanding of the law of evidence in the twenty-first century. I suggest that a separate section be created and that it be called, perhaps, "Intellectual History of the Law of Evidence." Mr. Wilson's views can be described and discussed there.
In any event, if Mr. Wilson's views are to be discussed in connection with the topic of relevance, there is no excuse for not discussing the views on relevance of, e.g., James Bradley Thayer, John Henry Wigmore, Blackstone, David Hume, all of whom had an enormous amount of influence on the development of the law of evidence in the United States and in other countries influenced by the English and Scottish legal and intellectual traditions. (Other than Wigmore and Thayer, I have not even mentioned numerous 20th century figures who influenced the law of evidence in the United States -- e.g., Charles McCormick, Edmund Morgan, Judge Jack Weinstein, and many others. There simply is no justification for reaching back into the 18th century and ignoring all legal and intellectual developments that happened "in between.")
The text as it now stands discusses the best evidence rule. But the best evidence rule has nothing to do with the authentication requirement. The authentication rule requires only that an offeror of tangible evidence introduce sufficient evidence to show that the item offered is what its proponent claims it is. The best evidence rule requires that a certain types of evidence -- the original document -- be used to show the contents of a document. The authentication and best evidence rules are distinct rules, and the best evidence principle is not a backhanded version of the requirement of authentication. (The best evidence rules is a rule that reflects the judgment that certain types of evidence are sometimes more trustworthy than other types of evidence.)
Overemphasis of relevance of Bayesian theorem to evidence law[edit]
Why the hell is over a fourth of the article dedicated to this subject? I took Evidence with one of the most famous law professors in the United States (his books are in nearly every public library in the nation) and this was not covered. It is not part of the case law---yet---and has little relevance to how evidence law is actually applied at present in American litigation. Also, this concept was not discussed in my BarBri course, and it was not covered on the bar exam. I think this topic is interesting and should be mentioned, but I also feel it does not need to be explained in such detail. This is an encyclopedia, not a law review! --Coolcaesar 06:37, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
I assume the "Federal Rules of Evidence" in the section on Hearsay refers to a U.S. code (e.g., is of interest to people wanting to know about evidence in U.S. law rather than common law more broadly), but I don't feel competent to change the statement to reflect this. Eric 18:21, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
The Federal Rules of Evidence are, yes, a federal codification of the rules of evidence that are now applicable in federal trials and in some other federal proceedings. These Rules are ordinarily cited simply as the "Federal Rules of Evidence." One good place to find these Rules is at http://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/index.html
In the United States almost every State and Territory has codified its law of evidence. Almost all of these codifications are patterned after the Federal Rules of Evidence. California's codification, however, is substantially different from the Federal Rules of Evidence. The California Evidence Code was enacted into law in the late 1960s, almost a decade before the Federal Rules of Evidence codified the federal rules of evidence. Indeed, the drafters of the Federal Rules of Evidence borrowed extensively from the California Evidence Code -- but, on the whole, the Federal Rules of Evidence are a much more compact and general evidence codification.
Only a small handful of US States still use predominantly common law rules of evidence. The most important State to reject comprehensive codification of the law of evidence is New York State.
Even in the UK and in Commnwealth countries, common law rules of evidence theoretically no longer exist. There are Evidence Acts in the UK, Canada, etc., and the "common law" figures only to the extent that these judicial interpretations of the Evidence Acts are themselves viewed as a kind of as common law and, more broadly, to the extent that judicial interpretations of Evidence Acts are influenced by and conform to "unwritten" evidence rules that predated the Evidence Acts. But the official theory is that the Evidence Acts are legislation like any other legislation and that, by virtue of legislative supremacy, the Acts supersede common law rules of evidence to the extent that the Acts are in conflict with common law rules. This theory is more than mere rhetoric. For example, in recent years -- during the Blair years -- legislative amendments to the Evidence Acts have brought about dramatic changes in the law of evidence in the UK.
(by an anonymous law teacher)
I edited the version of the hearsay paragraph that said that a pretrial statement is hearsay if a party attempts to prove the _contents_ of the pretrial statement. It is not sufficient that a party is trying to show what the contents of a pretrial statement are. To turn a pretrial statement into hearsay, a party must be trying to show that the the assertion (if any) made in the pretrial statement is _true_. The best evidence rule is different; it does prohibit (as a general matter) proof of the _contents_ of a document by any means other than the document. But the hearsay rule does not make decisive whether someone is trying to show the contents of a pretrial statement (whether written or not); a party must be trying to use the pretrial statement to show that the assertion found in that statement is true. There is no violation of the hearsay rule if a party tries to show the contents of a pretrial statement without trying to show that an assertion in a pretrial statement is true. For example, a party does not run afoul of the hearsay rule if it offers the statement "Watch out!" to show that another person had been warned.
The Question of the Proper Role of Bayesianism (Probability Theory) in the Law School Classroom[edit]
Perhaps the reason why Coolcaesar does not see the relevance of Bayesianism is his self-confessed (but proud) ignorance of Bayesianism?
Some law teachers hesitate to mention probability theory in class because they think their students are philistines in matters of mathematics and fear student retribution via student course evaluations. Such law teachers might cite Coolcaesar's comment as evidence that this fear is warranted.
One should consider that when any work (such as a treatise or an encyclopdeia entry) is in its incipiency some topics will get relatively more attention than they deserve (or will ultimately get). If such disparities were not permissible, how would one (or a community) ever get a book or an encyclopedia started? (Answer: It would not be possible.)
Bayesian logic is wily; it is a Trojan Horse. Scientific and expert evidence (e.g., genetics) is frequently admitted into courtrooms. Much of today's science (e.g., quantum theory, meteorology, weather forecasting, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, economics) has probabilistic components: probability theory is part and parcel of many of today's sciences. Some of the probability theory used in some sciences has a Bayesian flavor; i.e., some sciences now make use of conditional probabilities and likelihood ratios to update, or revise, the prior probabilities of hypotheses (or to extract likelihood ratios from "posterior" probabilities). Hence, even though many (but not all) lawyers and judges have a deep aversion to "trial by mathemctics," Bayesian logic is deep in the belly of some sciences and thus insinuates itself into the courtroom whether lawyers or judges are comfortable with mathematics or not. This is one reason why it might be important for law students to know a little bit about probability theory and Bayesian logic.
Another reason for putting the Rev. Thomas Bayes into law school courses about the law of evidence is the possibility that Bayesian logic reveals the fundamental structure (or part of the fundamental structure) of factual inference. The law of evidence can make no sense either in the classroom or in practice if it does not rest on some coherent view about how human beings use evidence to reach conclusions about the world.
Coolcaesar does not consider the possibility that law students and lawyers are not the only people who may want to know something about the law of evidence and proof of facts in litigation. Students of society and everyday citizens may want to know how legal mechanisms for resolving factual disagreements work or fail to work.
How about a) signing your contributions and b) reading WP:POL, especially WP:NOR and WP:NPA -- Jibal 01:16, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
Civil Law[edit]
This article focuses on evidence concepts taught in American schools. Thus, there is a lot of emphasis on Common Law and American Law peculiarities.
Since the article is titled "Evidence" and not "Evidence in American Law" or "Evidence in Common Law", I would like to know what others think about the insertion of Civil Law concepts in each section as well. Or should separate articles be created?
I want to hear some opinions before I start editing. Personally, I'm in favor of keeping everything in a single article. Sparks1979 14:16, 9 October 2006 (UTC)
- The world believes that most USians are only vaguely aware there are countries other than the United States. We are happy with that - we are less likely to get bombed. The article should be named "Evidence in United States Law" (unless it presents a comparative study), just as the many history books on Amazon entitled "The Civil War" should be "The United States Civil War", etc.
- Kjb 03:09, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
- I disagree that the article needs to be renamed. However, if the article should be renamed, it seems to me that the more appropriate title is Evidence (United States law). Keep in mind that Wikipedia title/heading style is always sentence case (as the Brits and many Commonwealth countries prefer). --Coolcaesar 05:26, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
More evidence (Sources and Bibliography) required for the Evidence page![edit]
As per user:GridEpsilon, who recently place the corresponding template, this article needs more sources. ie: The Laws of Evidence by a prof. Donald Po... at Ottawa U. (I forget his last name) or many other resources that are currently available. Merry Christmas and good luck! Here are a couple wiki regulations you may also want to take a look prior to adding more information to this article WP:OR, WP:V and WP:CITE --CyclePat 05:11, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
- Also WP:POV -- this article reads like an essay, not an encyclopedia entry. -- Jibal 01:19, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
What's the difference of the word "Evidence and Proof"[edit]
It bothers me on the differences on the two, first and foremost, Evidences in crimes turn out to be also the proof in ones case. An example of this is a murder case, police officials find evidences on where and when including the actions of the killer, but it doesn't prove the suspect that is present in the setting to be totally the murderer of the victim, for one reason is that there is only one person in the setting and it is the suspect without him knowing what happen. You don't know if he is telling the truth or not, You don't know that the evidence is thoroughly related to the proof on the suspect to be the murderer of the victim.
-Can it be proven even if the evidence isn't enough to prove that the killer with so much of an evidence can also be determined without full proof?
vahn_dinio 11:46,June 4, 2008 (UTC)
This part seems to be missing. Although TV law shows hardly provide "reliable source" there seems to be a case that if the defendant's party has not been made aware of a witness the prosecution wishes to call or an object they wish to use as an exhibit within due time (Period being what?) then the defense can ask for an adjournment or to have the evidence/exhibit dismissed. If I didn't get that wrong then there should be s.th. about that in this article. If it doesn't go here there should be some mention in Criminal proceedings. Plse. verify and edit accordingly. THKS. 184.108.40.206 (talk) 05:58, 31 July 2009 (UTC)


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Boom and Bust: High-Octane Banks Pumped Raging BullNov 28, 2002 | The Washington Post
On Oct. 8, 1999, a small software startup in Silicon Valley called Interwoven took its turn at the bellows of the stock market bubble.
In a story repeated hundreds of times during the technology boom, Interwoven started trading at $43 a share and ended the day up 141 percent from its IPO price of $17. And as usual with initial public offerings, huge amounts of money were made, both by those who were able to buy shares ahead of time and by the investment bank that handled the offering. In this case, it was Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB), which earned $2.7 million in fees.
Frank Quattrone, the star technology banker who helped make CSFB Silicon Valley's leading bank for initial public offerings, had a special interest in the deal's success. Quattrone, who at the time reportedly made $100 million a year, was able to buy Interwoven shares with several other CSFB bankers at an even lower, pre-IPO price: $8.49 a share, according to regulatory filings.
A year later, when the stock had risen to $90 a share after splitting twice, the bankers sold their shares for $3.4 million, the filings show. An internal fund operated by the bank cashed in shares worth an additional $19 million.
That year, a research analyst at the bank touted Interwoven's stock, calling the market for Web-site-building software an "explosive, multibillion-dollar opportunity." CSFB maintained a positive rating on the stock into the spring of 2001.
Today Interwoven trades for less than $3, but its performance has been remarkably consistent: It has never made money.
Celebrated in an earlier boom, the 1980s as "Masters of the Universe" for their skill in leveraged buyouts and corporate mergers, Wall Street's investment bankers found lucrative new opportunities in the 1990s, an era whose hallmark was the extraordinary availability of capital.
Some sold new forms of derivatives, complex and high-risk investments that offer tantalizing returns if the buyer is willing to make a bet on, say, whether the value of the currency of Thailand will go up or down.
Others advised corporations on "structured" financings that allowed companies such as Enron to raise billions in cash but also to avoid taxes and hide debt through complicated partnerships, off-the-books transactions and related exotic investments.
Still others pounced when the tech boom hit.
Ticket to the big time
Although venture-capital funds gave tech startups the money to begin operations as fledgling private companies, the investment banks took them to the big time the public stock markets enabling many unprofitable firms to raise billions of dollars. This helped spawn a stock market boom that enriched many in the know but ended in losses for hundreds of thousands of less-informed Americans.
Today, several major investment banks Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch are under investigation by regulators and face multimillion-dollar fines and lawsuits for banking practices over the past five years. One of the besieged, but less well known, is Credit Suisse First Boston.
It has paid $100 million to settle claims it demanded kickbacks from investment managers in exchange for hot IPO shares. It is being sued by Massachusetts regulators for providing misleading or deceptive research to boost demand for stocks. Overseas, its bankers have run afoul of regulators in Britain, Sweden and Japan.
Quattrone, once a Silicon Valley celebrity, now stands vilified as an icon of excess.
In many ways, CSFB mirrored the times. Just as many tech startups sought to displace established industry giants through aggressive innovation, CSFB sought to topple its bigger Wall Street brethren. CSFB "was as aggressive as it gets," said Michael Holland, a New York money manager who worked at the firm. "Wall Street is a very small place. In terms of competitiveness, these were the cowboys. It was no holds barred, take no prisoners."
Officials at CSFB refused to make Quattrone and other top bankers, including Chief Executive John Mack, available to comment. They said the bank's practices were the industry standard at the time and that it should not be unfairly singled out.
But they point to several changes Mack has instituted since joining CSFB last year. These include bringing in Gary Lynch, a former Securities and Exchange Commission enforcement chief, as general counsel; changing how the bank allocates IPOs; and giving research analysts more independence from bankers.
"Wall Street, like all of corporate America, is facing a crisis of investor confidence exacerbated by a protracted bear market and some shocking examples of corporate abuses," Lynch said in a statement. "In hindsight, it is easy to see that many investment banks with most institutional investors, government and independent economists, the media and other market participants were overly optimistic about the anticipated performance of some high-growth sectors in the economy."
Modern-day investment banks trace their roots to post-Depression reforms in the financial system. That's when regulators prohibited traditional commercial banks whose primary role was making loans and taking deposits from being involved in the securities business. But those lines were formally wiped away with the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act in October 1999.
By then, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch were entrenched as the heavyweights of Wall Street. For years, CSFB had tried to break into the rarefied top tier.
It was First Boston during the 1980s, a firm that was the prototype of the aggressive suspenders-and-slicked-back-hair culture popularized in the movie "Wall Street." In 1988, First Boston was bought out by the Zurich-based financial conglomerate Credit Suisse Group.
First Boston got a deep-pocketed partner from the deal, and Credit Suisse gained a strong foothold in the United States.
The combined CSFB went on an acquisition spree, adding smaller trading and banking firms around the world to fill holes in its areas of expertise or market share. In 1996 it had roughly 5,000 employees. By the end of 1999, that number had nearly tripled.
Leading the charge was Chief Executive Allen Wheat, a blunt-spoken expert in trading derivatives. Wheat was famous for raiding whole teams of professionals from competitors. Just as the technology sector began to hit overdrive in 1998, he hired Quattrone to run CSFB's technology-banking group.
Philadelphia-born, Quattrone was educated at the Wharton School and Stanford University. He started work on Wall Street at Morgan Stanley. He was not a typical Wall Streeter, heading west to Silicon Valley in the early 1980s. When Quattrone arrived on the West Coast, the personal computer was making its debut, and a handful of successful companies such as Apple Computer and chipmaker Intel were riding the first wave of the tech boom.
Quattrone cultivated relationships with venture capitalists and tech executives, dressing casually and grasping technology's growth potential before his colleagues back in New York. Eventually, he persuaded Morgan Stanley to underwrite tech-company IPO deals that were so small they would normally be ignored by the Wall Street giant.
In 1995, Quattrone took Netscape Communications public. The stock soared 107 percent on the first day and helped change the calculus.
Unlike the computer-hardware companies that provided appliances that would make work and life more efficient, the Internet threatened to scramble the foundations of commerce itself, not to mention those of its major players. The technology of the Internet and a networked world was in its infancy, but its potential seemed certain and limitless. Investors were eager.
A new kind of alchemy was born. The requirement for near-term profit Netscape, for example, was giving away much of its software and losing money was replaced by almost any measure of growth that hinted at the promise of domination later.
Enabling a large portion of the public to invest in these stocks minimized the risk for the financial institutions and early investors who helped launch the companies. Regardless of how a business fared, its stock usually soared high enough, and for just long enough, for many on the inside to cash out.
In 1996, Quattrone began to get antsy, according to those who worked with him. By then a Silicon Valley fixture, he believed his bosses in New York still didn't understand tech's potential, didn't give him enough control and didn't pay him enough.
"As part of the bubble, investment bankers got a lot of leverage with their employers," said one person who knew him. "In 1996, Frank put the screws to them pretty good."
Quattrone wanted control over the entire tech-banking universe at Morgan Stanley, including analysts who followed tech companies, according to several people familiar with his operation.
Combining authority over banking functions and research was a novel idea. Conventional wisdom held that analysts served as important checks against bankers whose compensation came from doing deals with companies regardless of their prospects.
But Quattrone, say those who worked with him, believed the relationships needed to be integrated so that a potential client with an IPO would have some assurance the bank would support it with research if it took it public.
Other banks did the same, and, as several regulators have charged, stock research was compromised or deceptive. Decisions to take companies public were reinforced by the bankers' research units.
Quattrone's demands were turned down by Mack, then president of Morgan Stanley. Quattrone jumped to a firm that gave him a better deal and some of the control he wanted: Deutsche Morgan Grenfell, a German-owned bank with aspirations to grow in the United States.
In 1997, Quattrone scored another major tech IPO: Amazon.com. The following year, Wheat persuaded him to join CSFB.
Quattrone took so many members of his team with him in July 1998 that CSFB took over the offices they were in and changed the name on the doors. Bankers said he got control over tech banking, tech trading and tech-stock research, as well as the commitment of at least $25 million from the bank to invest in internal funds that traded stocks for the bankers and other special clients.
Such was Quattrone's independence that a CSFB insider described it as having "a company within the company."
Jump to first place
The results were remarkable. In 1998, CSFB handled six domestic tech IPO deals, valued at $269 million, putting it sixth among the banks, according to financial data from research firm Dealogic. By the end of 1999, at the height of the bubble, it jumped to first, handling 51 deals — twice the number of Goldman Sachs or Morgan Stanley.
In 2000, CSFB again handled nearly twice the number of issues as its top competitors, although in overall dollar terms it was never able to topple its big rivals.
For two years, demand from companies seeking to go public was "insatiable," said one banker, and Quattrone "was feeding the market what it wanted to eat."
"Frank didn't care about anything else. ... It was buyer beware. He got paid for the IPO," the banker said.
Quattrone was willing to let some people in on the action, through what became known in the valley as "Friends of Frank" accounts. Quattrone promised shares of IPOs the bank was handling to wealthy potential clients, such as chief executives and venture capitalists, if they would open private bank accounts at CSFB, people familiar with the firm said.
According to the bank, the client could not cherry-pick among the offerings and had to decide whether to accept all IPO shares or none.
In a 1998 interview with Fortune magazine, while still at Deutsche Morgan Grenfell, Quattrone said standards for bringing companies public had loosened, partly because of investor demand. Nonetheless, he maintained the bank turned down a majority of the companies seeking to go public.
The first rupture of the bubble came in March 2000. And although many companies continued to go public that year, the markets began their relentless slide. By mid-2001, the banks were hurting.
That June, CSFB announced it was firing three of Quattrone's tech brokers amid a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation into the bank's IPO-allocation practices. The bankers were accused of demanding kickbacks from money managers for allocations of hot IPO shares. Two of those fired subsequently sued the bank for allegedly sacrificing them as scapegoats.
Under the scheme, the SEC said, money managers were required to pay inflated commissions to buy shares of other stocks through the bank's trading operation. The inquiry would prove to be an early insight into an array of industry IPO-trading practices that regulators say helped power the raging bull market and reinforce its momentum.
The most serious of these was a practice known as "laddering." Clients were told that in exchange for IPO allocations, they had to agree to purchase shares of the stock after it opened for trading, thus heightening demand and driving the price higher.
CSFB denies it engaged in the practice, although it is accused in shareholder lawsuits of having done so. To date, the SEC laddering inquiry has focused primarily on Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley.
Probe of IPO rewards
The banks are also being investigated for allegedly using IPO allocations as a reward for getting other business from companies.
A month after CSFB fired the three bankers, it fired Wheat. The SEC investigation was but the latest in a string of international embarrassments that resulted in regulatory action against the bank in Sweden, Britain and Japan.
In place of Wheat, CSFB hired Mack, whose stated intention was to restore the bank's integrity and improve its bottom line, hurt because . tech banking had essentially dried up.
This January, CSFB formally settled the SEC investigation by agreeing to pay $100 million in penalties. The settlement does not single out Quattrone, although former employees say he controlled virtually every activity of the tech banking group.
About nine months later, the SEC fined and suspended two CSFB bankers in connection with the case. CSFB said it did not find sufficient cause to fire Quattrone or the other two bankers, although the firm reportedly increased the fines and length of the suspension of the two already disciplined by the SEC.
Quattrone remains head of global tech banking and was elevated to the bank's executive board late last year.


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Probably my first camp. I came in as a walk-on, and I had no idea what to expect. I was sitting on the sidelines not getting any reps, and no one was looking at me or anything like that. All kinds of things run through your head. Did I make the right decision? Did I pick the right place? Can I even play here? You have these doubts. As long as you keep working hard everything will work out.
What do kickers do during fall camp? Is it different from regular fall practice?
I wouldn't say that it's different. We may kick a little more to get ready for the season. We always find a way to pass the time.
Is there a guy you have to avoid during fall camp?
I wouldn't say there is any one person that I need to avoid – maybe a linebacker blitzing on a field goal or something like that.
Is there a time when it's too hot? Do y'all not drink water? Or are there any rules that you have to abide by like the rest of the team?
We drink water when we have water breaks. I wouldn't say that it's too hot. We are not in Miami. Everybody else always seems to be a little hotter. They get it a little worse. I don't think that it's too hot in Athens. Down in Miami or at Florida State it's humid and hot. I couldn't imagine being down there. It does get warm here, but I wouldn't say that it gets too hot.
What the most memorable thing from the fall camps you have been to?
The first field goal I hit was a 47-yarder. Somebody had a tweak in their leg or something like that, and they just said: "You go kick it." I had never kicked in front of the coaches or really anybody at the time. I was thinking: "Man, what if this makes or breaks my career?" I was a freshman, and Billy Bennett was still there. Luckily I made it.


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Popular Now
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01803 865913
+44 1803 865913
Series: Routledge Introductions to Development Series
By: Janet Henshall Momsen
115 pages, 18 b/w photos, 25 line drawings, tabs, maps
For all societies, the common denominator of gender is female subordination. For women of the Third World, the effects of this position are exacerbated by economic crisis, the legacy of colonialism as well as patriarchal attitudes. Feminist critique has introduced the gender factor to development theory, arguing that the equal distribution of the benefits of economic development can only be achieved through a radical restructuring of the process of development. Now, the universal validity of both gender-neutral development theory and the feminist concepts of the post-industrial world are being questioned. All societies establish a clear-cut division of labour by sex. The traditional work model for women has been housework and childcare. This mould has been broken by women in the developing countries who have worked extensively in both the urban and rural sectors. New economic demands have created new opportunities. Janet Momsen presents ten world-wide case studies, personalised examples of women's lives and coping strategies in the Third World. Her review of policy and practice raises questions about development planning and the empowerment of women. The book concludes with a discussion of the impact of environmental degradation and economic restructuring on women, describing the integral position of women in any solution to the current crises facing the Third World. Women and Development comes as a welcome introductory text in an area where the present literature is concentrated on the advanced and the specialised. The book will be invaluable to students of Development, Geography, Sociology, Economics and Women's Studies and of interest to all concerned for the position of women in the world today.
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Because He Lives - I Can Face Tomorrow (1 of 3) by Stan Coffey
This content is part of a series.Because He Lives - I Can Face Tomorrow (1 of 3)
Series: Because He Lives
Stan Coffey
Hebrews 13:8
Today we want to talk about what it means that Jesus rose again from the dead. This series is entitled ''Because He Lives.'' This week Newsweek had on its cover the story, the headline about the resurrection, ''A New Look at the Resurrection.'' As I read the article, there wasn't anything new in the article. The same old skeptics were there that had been around for two thousand years trying to discourage believers about the resurrection. But there were some very positive statements about the fact that the resurrection of Jesus is the cornerstone of our faith. And without the resurrection we don't have a God to worship, without the resurrection Jesus is no better than Buddha or Muhammad or any other religious leader. And the article pointed out the difference about Christianity is that it is the only world religion whose founder claims to have rised physically, bodily from the dead. And that is exactly right. And that is what makes Christianity different. And it was also right in the fact that it pointed out that this was the imputess and motivation of the early believers. They really believed and were convinced that Jesus was alive. And that is the thing that made them so bold and so courageous in the face of torture, in the face of crucifixion, and in the face of losing everything they had. They continued to stand up and proclaim the good news because they really were convinced that Jesus was alive.
And today, I want to talk about what it means that He is alive. What it means to you, the motivation it gives you and me, the strength it gives you and me. Now in I Corinthians 15 you will find the passage for the message today. There in I Corinthians the apostle Paul is speaking and he said if Christ has not been raised from the dead then we have nothing to preach and you have nothing to believe. And if Christ has not been raised then your faith is a delusion an ...
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The Labuan International Business and Financial Centre is attempting to encourage more Indonesian companies to register in the jurisdiction to take advantage of its low-tax regime and trading and investment links with key economies in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Labuan IBFC held the Jakarta chapter of its ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) roadshow on August 4, 2015, attended by leading international companies and insurance institutions. The event focused on the benefits, cost, and ease of incorporating a Labuan company, including a captive insurance company, to manage multi-jurisdiction business interests and mitigate corporate risk.
Commenting on its latest promotional drive, Danial Mah Abdullah, Interim Chief Executive Officer at Labuan LIBFC, said: "As ASEAN grows in economic might, the increase in wealth in the region is outpacing the rest of the world. Capitalizing on this growth, Indonesian companies are looking for efficient and legitimate ways to expand into ASEAN. Labuan IBFC is well-positioned to fulfill this need, given its proximity to strategic Asian markets, sound regulatory oversight, and simple and competitive tax system."
Under the Labuan Offshore Business Activity Tax Act 1990 (as amended in 2004), chargeable profits derived by an offshore company from an offshore trading activity are subject to tax at a rate of three percent. Alternatively, an offshore company that carries on an offshore trading activity may, within three months from the commencement of any calendar year, elect to be subject to tax instead of MYR20,000 (USD5,400) for that year of assessment. An offshore company that carries on an offshore non-trading activity is exempt from income tax altogether.
The Labuan Financial Services Authority's Annual Report for 2014 revealed 12.3 percent growth in new company registrations in 2014 compared with the previous year.
The Labuan IBFC is now home to 11,630 companies, 57 international banks, 209 insurance companies, 359 leasing companies, 130 foundations, and nine fund management companies. Seven-out-of-ten of the companies registered in Labuan IBFC originate from Asia, with 57 percent from Southeast Asia, mainly Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.
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1st Conference on Catholic Peacebuilding at University of Notre Dame, May 17-19, 2004
The first CPN conference was held at University of Notre Dame. It was the beginning of a period of research, reflection and intellectual exchange to further the understanding of Catholic peacebuilding in a world ridden by deadly violence and endemic injustice.
Topics covered included:
- Peacebuilding in an age of counter-terrorism;
- Struggling for peace and justice in Colombia;
- Experiences in building inter-faith bridges in The Philippines, with specific reference to Mindanao, and;
- The role of the Church in bringing peace to troubled areas of Africa.