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Drugs and Treatment for Gas and Bloating
Unfortunately, for as common as gas and bloating is, we don't have much to pick from as far as medications go. One of the big difficulties in developing medications for gas and bloating is that there are so many different causes. However, we do have things to offer, and typically we can improve
As we mentioned in previous sections of this article, we as humans don't produce gas. Most of the gas in our bowels is a result of fermentation of foods by bacteria. We have literally trillions of microscopic bacteria that live in our bowels that play into this process. Although sometimes they are infectious
Given the fact that bacteria are usually to blame for our gas production, it would make sense that if we cut down on the number of bacteria in our bowels we would make less gas. Also, if the overriding problem is small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, reducing bacteria in the small bowel will decrease gas production.
There are a few different antibiotics that we utilize most often for gas production. Metronidazole and neomycin are two very common ones. They are typically given for seven to 10 days. The main problem I find with these antibiotics is that they have quite a few side effects of their own. There are two newer antibiotics for gas and bloating that I use much more frequently because they don't get absorbed into the body as much, so they have fewer side effects. One is called nitazoxanide (Alinia) and the other is
Bowel Stimulants
There are many reasons why people may have slow motility in their bowels. Things like thyroid disorders, chronic constipation, gastroparesis (slow-moving stomach due to diabetes) and certain medications can all cause your bowels to move slower that they should. When this happens, several problems can occur.
First, if your bowels move too slowly, the normal amounts of gas we develop throughout the day will not be expelled often enough and will build up and make us feel bloated. Second, slow-moving bowels lead to food staying in our bowels longer than normal, which can lead to constipation and the feeling of fullness. Third, if our bowels move slowly, the food is in contact with our normal bacteria longer, which allows for more fermentation. The normal squeezing movement (peristalsis) of our bowels also helps move bacteria down to our colon and out with our
Given this information, one of the treatments we use for gas and bloating is medications that help the bowels move. A common one is
Erythromycin, which is an antibiotic, is used for this as well. We use it not because it's an antibiotic, but because it causes increased motility in the stomach and can help move the bowels. Other commonly used medications are stool softeners and laxatives in people with gas, bloating and constipation. If you can improve on


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Read an Excerpt
Loomis, Louisiana
Early March
Even with the windows of her car rolled up, Jodie could smell the bayou. Heavy moist air with a bite of decay to it. Not as bad as it got in the heat of the summer but bad enough to make her nose wrinkle. Or maybe it was disgust that was doing that. There were plenty of places she'd imagined the FBI might send her, but back to Loomis wasn't one of them. Here she was, returning to the one place she'd been determined never to visit again.
She turned onto a narrow dirt driveway that wound uphill and away from the bayou, braking lightly as she neared a neglected farmhouse that stood in the center of an overgrown clearing near the swamp. Abandoned decades ago, it had been vacant for more years than Jodie had been alive. A tunnel dug beneath the house led to a room that had once served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. Later it had served other, less altruistic purposesas a storage place for moonshine during prohibition, a drug den for hippies in the sixties. Eventually, the town council voted to have the tunnel and the house boarded up.
What the missing woman, Leah Farley, had been doing there, Jodie didn't know. She planned to find out, though. And quickly. The sooner she helped Sam Pierce solve the case, the sooner she could wipe the Loomis dirt off her feet and get back to her life.
Rain drizzled from the sky as Jodie climbed out of her car and started across the yard. Despite her misgivings about being back in Loomis, anticipation hummed through her. Working for the FBI had been her dream for as long as she could remember. Solving cases, putting bad guys behind bars, was what she was meant to do. Even if she had to do it in Loomis.
"Agent Gilmore, glad you could make it to the party." A tall, dark-haired man she recognized stepped out onto the porch, and Jodie smiled a greeting as she picked her way up dry-rotted porch stairs.
"It's good to be included, Agent Pierce."
"How about I call you Jodie and you call me Sam? It'll make things easier." He smiled, and Jodie could see why so many women in the New Orleans office had set their sights on the handsome agent. Recently, rumors had been circulating that he'd gotten engaged to a child psychologist in Loomis. True or not, it wasn't any of Jodie's concern. She didn't waste time on men and relationships. Not anymore.
"Whatever you say, Sam. Did you find anything in the house?"
"We did."
"Leah Farley?"
"No. And no evidence that she's been inside."
"So what did you find?" Curious, Jodie followed Sam into the musty foyer, her mind racing with possibilities. Ransom note. Clothing. Forensic evidence. Any of those could help bring the case to a successful end.
"We found two bodies."
"Two bodies?" She glanced around the dust-covered foyer, half expecting to see the remains lying nearby.
"Skeletons, to be more accurate. They're in a hidden room down in the basement. They've been there for a while. Decades probably."
"Did they have identification?"
"Not that we could see, but the sheriff agreed not to let anyone touch the remains yet. I've got a man coming in from New Orleans to do that. A forensic anthropologist."
"When will he get here?"
"Shouldn't be long. I called him an hour ago."
"Do you mind if I take a look at the scene while we wait?" Now that she was in Loomis, Jodie wanted out of it. Waiting for someone to come along and help make that happen didn't work for her.
"Sure. It's this way."
Half-rotted boards creaked beneath her feet as Jodie followed Sam into the basement. The sound shivered along her spine, reminding her of all the stories she'd heard about the house when she was a kid, stories about spooks and haunts and things that went bump in the night. Jodie had always known them for what they werea perfect way to keep kids from exploring a house that might not be structurally sound. Still, she had to admit the place was creepy, its shadowy corners concealing more than they revealed.
"Careful on these stairs, Jodie. Some of them are completely rotted through." Sam led her into a basement lit by electric torches and gestured to a hole in the far wall. "There's the tunnel. There were boards covering it, but it looked like they'd been taken down and replaced quickly. We've already got them tagged as evidence."
Several uniformed officers were standing in the room, none of them familiar to Jodie. She had to admit she was relieved. Eventually she'd have to face people from her past, but she'd rather it be later than sooner.
She crossed the room and surveyed the opening. Five feet high. Maybe three feet wide. "It would be a tight squeeze for someone carrying a body."
"But not so tight it would be impossible. Especially not if the body was being dragged. After so long, there isn't evidence to indicate that's what happened, but we can't say it didn't, either. Hopefully Cahill will shed some light on things."
"The forensic anthropologist I told you about. He'll recreate the scene based on what he finds, then work to identify our victims. Come on in, but watch your head." He stooped down and walked into the tunnel.
Jodie borrowed a flashlight one of the officers offered and followed. "Our victims? Isn't the case a local matter?"
"It should be, but since we were in here following up on the Leah Farley case, the sheriff asked if we'd be willing to help with victim identification. I agreed."
"Who's the sheriff around here now?" She hoped not the same one who'd been sheriff when Jodie was growing up.
"Bradford Reed."
Of course it was the same sheriff. Otherwise things, would have been a little too comfortable. "I remember him."
"Good. The Leah Farley case may be connected to the murders that have occurred in town. Getting along with the local PD is imperative."
Then you shouldn't have called me in to help.
Jodie didn't say what she was thinking. There was no way she wanted to explain her teenage years. The subtle rebellions that had, more often than not, gotten her in trouble.
The scent of damp earth filled her nose, and cool, moist air settled on her skin as she stepped into a cavernous room. Her flashlight beam bobbed across a dirt floor littered with years of debris. Cloth. Plastic. A few old bottles. Near the far wall, a pile of rotted clothes lay amidst the other rubble. Even without getting closer, Jodie could make out the subtle shapes of the bones beneath. Two skulls lay side by side in the dirt, smooth and dingy yellow.
She moved closer, doing her best to stay detached and unaffected as she surveyed the remains. Stale air, ripe with the remnant of something putrid and old, filled her lungs. She ignored it, crouching down to get a better look. A fleshless skull stared up at her, its empty eye sockets and grinning teeth a macabre reminder of the life that had once been. The other skull was facedown, a two-centimeter sliver of bone missing from the base. Closer to the top of the skull, the bone was cracked.
"It would take a lot of force to crack a skull like that." She spoke the thought out loud, wanting to pick the skull up and examine it more closely but knowing she couldn't.
"A lot of force or a lot of rage."
"Any sign of the weapon?"
"Nothing. From the looks of the injury, we could be searching for anything. Baseball bat, butt of a gun, a club."
"Maybe something metal. A pipe?" Jodie responded by rote, her gaze riveted to a pile that lay beside the skulls. It looked as if a rodent had made a nest there, creating it from faded cloth and long strands of fine hair. Blond hair, from the looks of it. Even time and dirt couldn't quite hide the fact. More tufts of it were visible beneath the facedown skull. These were even easier to identify. Long. Straight.
If so, they were the same color as Jodie's. The same color her mother's had been. She shuddered, leaning in a little closer, trying to see more of what remained.
"You're getting a little close to the remains, ma'am. Maybe you should back up before you disturb something." The words were gruff and loud, and Jodie whirled toward the speaker, her flashlight illuminating a tall, dark-haired man who stood beside Sam.
"I'm not in the habit of disturbing crime scenes."
"Good to know." He strode across the room, his movements as lithe and graceful as a jungle cat's, his gaze so intense Jodie was tempted to look away.
"I take it you're the forensic anthropologist." She stood, careful not to step any closer to the skeletons.
"Harrison Cahill." His eyes were oddly light in a craggy face, his lips turned down in a scowl.
"Jodie Gilmore."
"I take it you're the agent working with Sam? And a fairly new one, right?" He said it almost absently as he moved up beside Jodie, his gaze moving from her to the mounds of cloth and bones.
"Does it matter?"
"I guess we'll find out." He met her eyes for a moment, then crouched down next to the skeletons, dismissing her with an abruptness that bordered on rude.
"Don't mind Cahill. He's like that with everyone." Sam moved in close, his voice filled with humor that spoke of familiarity.
"But more so with people who pull me away from big weekend plans," Harrison complained as he pulled out a digital camera and began taking pictures.
"Big weekend plans?"
"I've got six cases I'm working on for the New Orleans police."
"Then I'm doubly appreciative of your efforts here. Hopefully we can a get quick resolution." Sam crouched down next to Harrison, and the two men began discussing the remains. Male. Female. Early thirties.
Jodie watched silently, feeling useless. Completely unnecessary. Obviously not needed. The feeling was a bitter echo of the way she'd felt as a child when her father had pursued one woman after another and she'd been left alone, desperate to belong.
She shoved the feeling and the memories aside, refusing to acknowledge them. She was an accomplished professional, not an insecure kid. To prove it, she squatted down next to Sam, watching as Harrison snapped more pictures.
Harrison shot a look in her direction, his eyes telling her to back off.
She ignored him, focusing her attention on the dusty cloth that lay over the skeletons. A blanket of some kind? As the camera flashed, she saw other things. Bits of fabric printed with what might have been tiny flowers. A silver wedding band. The camera flashed again, and Jodie caught sight of something lying near the wall. Half-covered by dirt, the dull piece of metal could have been just about anything but looked like something very familiar.
She trained her light on it, squinting to get a better look. "Is that a bullet?"
Harrison shifted his attention from the scene he was documenting and looked in the direction the female agent's light was shining.
Jodie, she'd said her name was.
A young-sounding name for a very young-looking woman. Too young. Too inexperienced. Too much invading his space. He liked to take his time when he worked a scene, documenting it slowly, making sure he had a visual record of everything before anything was moved. He did not like people standing over his shoulder, distracting him from his methodical approach. "Looks like it. Now if we can find the weapon that fractured our victims' skulls, we'll have an even clearer idea of what went on here."
"And if we can't find the weapon?" The woman's voice was husky rather than sweet, and it didn't at all match her delicate looks.
"Then we'll figure out what happened other ways."
"Look." He lowered his camera and met Jodie's eyes. "I know you're new to the job and gung ho to know everything there is to know about everything, but I don't have the time or patience to explain my methods to you."
"I wasn't going to ask for an explanation of your methods, Mr. Cahill. I was going to ask what I could do to help." To her credit, she didn't sound defensive or offended by his blunt comment.
"Call me Harrison. And I appreciate the offer of help, but I prefer to work alone."
"This case is part of an ongoing investigation, so you'd better get used to having Jodie and me around. Mind if I grab that bullet?" Sam stepped toward the wall where the bullet lay, and Harrison was tempted to tell him that he did mind. He didn't want anything touched or moved until he was good and ready for it to be. And he wasn't ready.
Unfortunately, he wasn't the one calling the shots. The FBI was paying for him to be here. They'd want to have a say in how things were handled.
"Let me just snap a few more photos. Have you got a weapon you want to try and match it to?"
"No weapon, but we've got three other murder victims. Two were hit over the head and then shot."
"Then it isn't likely the cases are connected. These two have been here for a long time." Harrison took the photos and then stepped back, bumping into something warm, soft and most definitely female. He didn't have to turn around to picture Jodiewhite-blond hair, heart-shaped face and wide, sad eyes.
"Sorry about that." He stepped quietly to the side, inhaling spring rain and summer flowers, his heart jumping in acknowledgment.
If Jodie heard his apology, she didn't acknowledge it or him. "What caliber is it, Sam?"
"Looks like a nine-millimeter."
"Does it match the caliber used to kill Dylan Renault and Earl Farley?"
"Yes, but a matching caliber doesn't mean a matching weapon." Sam placed the bullet in an evidence bag and moved toward the tunnel that led out of the room. "I'm going to take this out. See if I can get expedited ballistics testing on it. If the weapons are the same, we may be looking at the work of a serial killer."
"Seems like a long time between victims." Harrison leaned forward, gently lifting the blanket that covered the remains and folding it into an evidence bag.
"Yeah, it does. But maybe there are other victims we don't know about." Sam's words were grim, and he walked into the tunnel, his footsteps fading away.
Jodie remained in the room, and Harrison braced himself for the questions he was sure she'd ask. Instead of speaking, she watched silently. Harrison could feel her tension mounting as he began the process of cataloging and bagging one bone after another.
Was she upset by the bodies and caught up in imagining the victims' last moments? It happened sometimes, but not usually at scenes like this.
Finally, he couldn't ignore it any longer and turned from the tangle of long hair he was examining. "Are you okay?"

subset: commoncrawl


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Jarrett, Hoenig repeat discredited attacks that Frank, Dodd, Fannie and Freddie responsible for economic crisis
Video ››› ››› MEDIA MATTERS STAFF
From the June 26 edition of Fox News' America's News HQ:
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IBD editorial blamed Frank for "nix[ing] reforms" of Fannie and Freddie in '02 and '03 -- when GOP controlled House
CNN's John King did not challenge Cheney's false claim that "chairmen" Frank, Dodd were "stone wall" to Fannie/Freddie reform
Bloomberg's Baum falsely claimed that Frank "consistently opposed stricter regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac"
Quick Fact: Dana Perino falsely claims Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac caused the economic crisis
Busy repeating GOP talking points on Fannie/Freddie, Fox News forgets to add the facts
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This 3-day workshop provides an in-depth, experiential introduction to Design Thinking and how it can be used to engage students in challenging projects that foster innovation and creative confidence.
Participants have the opportunity to:
- experience a design challenge
- practice facilitating part of the design process
- review and work with HFLI's Design Thinking curriculum materials, including our one-semester course, Foundations of Innovation
- attend conversations on a variety of topics related to implementing Design Thinking in schools, and
- network with like-minded educators
Your fee for Intro to Design Thinking for Educators includes the workshop, materials, and breakfast/lunch/snack on all three days of the session. Limited spots are available. Register by April 30, 2017 to receive our early bird discount!


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M. J. Andersen eBooks
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Portable Prairie: Confessions of an Unsettled Midwesterner
M. J. Andersen & M. J. J. Andersen
Thomas Dunne Books, July 2010
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General information
The day will be spent journeying through the islands on Strangford Lough or on one of our local coastal venues depending on the weather.
You will be coached through a range of basic skills such as moving forward efficiently and turning the boat effectively, learning to tailor your paddling/strokes to the environmental conditions, discuss the range of equipment available, what is essential to take and what is desirable, etc.
At the end of the session there will be discussions around weather, tide, maps and planning your own journeys.
Students will be able to avail of all kit and equipment from our extensive stores. Participants will be required to bring footwear suitable for paddling (old trainers), warm long sleeved top, towel/toiletries, etc.
Provider: Tollymore National Outdoor Centre
Location: Tollymore National Outdoor Centre
Contact: Book online now. If you would like to speak to us prior to booking then feel free to give us a buzz on (+44) 028 4372 2158 or alternatively email us at email@example.com
Price list
From £67.00. The course fee includes kit and equipment, in-course transport, instruction from one of our qualified instructors, packed lunch, tea/coffee and a famous chocolate brownie or flapjack.
Things nearby
Next Step Sea Kayaking Skills
Contact Information
Activity / Learning Experiences
Next Step Sea Kayaking Skills
- Address
- Web Address
- www.tollymore.com/courses/canoesports/sea-kayaking/next-step-sea-kayaking/


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Roundup: Baylor slips by Texas A&M
COLLEGE STATION, Texas (AP) – Pierre Jackson hit a 3-pointer with 17 seconds remaining to put No. 6 Baylor on top and added two free throws to give the Bears a 63-60 victory over Texas A&M on Wednesday night.
The Bears (20-2, 7-2 Big 12) were up by four points with 5 minutes left before A&M used a 9-3 run capped by a short jump shot by David Loubeau to take a 60-58 lead with 29 seconds remaining.
Jackson's second 3 of the game put the Bears on top before A&M's Elston Turner missed a 3-pointer forcing the Aggies (12-9, 3-6) to foul.
MORE: NCAA hoops scoreboard
PHOTOS: Top shots from college hoops action
Jackson missed his first free throw attempt, but was fouled again after the rebound and made the insurance shots.
Loubeau had 16 points for Texas A&M, which was without two starters.
The win gives Baylor its first 7-2 conference start since 1968-69 and its fourth 20-win season in the last five.
LAWRENCE, Kan. (AP) — Thomas Robinson had 20 points and 17 rebounds to lead Kansas.
The junior forward had four assists and a couple of blocks for the Jayhawks (18-4, 8-1 Big 12), who responded to their first conference loss last Saturday at Iowa State by outscoring the Sooners 50-31 in the second half.
Tyshawn Taylor had 21 points, Jeff Withey added 15 and Travis Releford had 12 as Kansas tuned up for a high-profile showdown at No. 4 Missouri on Saturday.
Romero Osby scored 19 points, Steven Pledger had 17 and Andrew Fitzgerald finished with 14 for the Sooners (13-8, 3-6), who were within 34-31 at halftime.
The Jayhawks haven't lost to Oklahoma in the last nine meetings, and the last 10 at Allen Fieldhouse, where they have won 19 straight overall. They have also gone 225 games without consecutive defeats, the longest streak in the nation. Duke is next at 110 games.
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) — Doug McDermott scored 17 of his 25 points in the first half to lead six Creighton players in double figures.
The Bluejays (21-2, 11-1 Missouri Valley Conference) won their 11th straight overall and fourth in a row against the Redbirds (14-9, 6-6).
Creighton broke out to a 17-2 lead making eight straight shots and 10 of its first 11, and McDermott was in double figures inside 8 minutes.
Grant Gibbs had 12 points and seven assists, Jahenns Manigat and Will Artino added 11 points each and Gregory Echenique and Josh Jones had 10 apiece.
Tyler Brown had 21 points and Bryant Allen added 14 for the Redbirds.
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) — Michael Snaer scored 21 points and Bernard James added 13 as Florida State won its sixth straight.
The victory gives Florida State (15-6, 6-1) its best start in league play since joining the ACC for the 1991-92 season and it keeps the Seminoles tied with North Carolina for first place. Duke is right behind at 5-1.
Snaer scored 16 points in the second half to help awaken a slumbering offense that managed to shoot just 34.8 percent in the first half. The 6-foot-4 junior made 5 of 7 from 3-point distance and has made 11 of his last 13 tries from beyond the arc, including a buzzer-beating game-winner at Duke on Jan. 21.
Georgia Tech (8-14, 1-7) led 25-24 at halftime despite not having scoring and rebounding leader Glen Rice Jr., who missed the game with a foot injury.
Brandon Reed, who was 4 of 8 from 3-point distance, scored a season-high 18 points and Daniel Miller added 10 for the Yellow Jackets, who lost their sixth straight.
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SA were 1 for no loss at lunch with openers Smith and McKenzie surviving the lone over bowled by Sreesanth.
Steyn, who rattled Indians with pace and inswingers, reaped a rich harvest of 5/23. Ntini (3/18) with his big inswingers scripted the collapse while young Morkel (2/20) accounted for well set Dhoni and Kumble.
Only Pathan, who replaced injured Tendulkar, had the stomach to fight but he was left stranded at the crease with 21 as Steyn polished the tail in quick succession.
The SA seamers made most of the conditions on a seamer-friendly wicket and was also aided by spineless Indian line-up in their cause.
India skipper Anil Kumble, who was declared match fit, was ill-advisedly opted to bat first on a green-top. Hosts lost both the openers within the first five overs.
Ntini started the rot dismissing Jaffer caught Smith in slip cordon for nine in the fourth over of the innings. In the following over
Steyn accounted for dangerman Sehwag after the triple centurion dragged the inswinging delivery on to stumps.
Ntini then sent the old horses Laxman and Ganguly packing in the eventful eighth over of the innings to leave India reeling on 30/4.
Dravid, who failed to read the wicket despite spending some time on the wicket,was bowled through the gates to disturb 'The Wall's off stump.
The first change bowler Morne Morkel too joined the party removing Dhoni for a regulation caught behind and then bowled skipper Kumble.
Steyn then chopped off the tail to skittle out India for their lowest total against the African giants.
Earlier, India picked all-rounder Irfan Pathan in place of the injured Sachin Tendulkar. Pathan's inclusion gives the hosts an extra seam bowling option on what promises to be a sporting wicket.
The tourists retained the team that rallied for a draw in the opening game.
The first Test produced nearly 1,500 runs on a placid pitch with India's Virender Sehwag cracking the fastest recorded triple century in Test cricket.
The final Test will be played in Kanpur.
Brief Scores (Ist session, D-1):
India Ist innings 76 all out (Pathan 21 n o, Dhoni 14; Steyn 5 for 23, Ntini 3 for 18, Morkel 2 for 20) Vs South Africa 1 for no loss.
India: Wasim Jaffer, Virender Sehwag, Rahul Dravid, Saurav Ganguly, Vangipurappu Laxman, Mahendra Dhoni, Irfan Pathan, Anil Kumble (capt), Harbhajan Singh, Rudra Pratap Singh and Shanthakumaran Sreesanth.
South Africa: Graeme Smith (capt), Neil McKenzie, Hashim Amla, Jacques Kallis, Ashwell Prince, AB de Villiers, Mark Boucher, Morne Morkel, Dale Steyn, Paul Harris and Makhaya Ntini.


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- Description
- Hang it on the outside of your tank to make acclimation easy. No more salad bowls and buckets!
- Lift the inner box to strain the water. No more cross contamination!
- Release your new addition into the aquarium with the inner box. No more nets for spines to get stuck in!
- Trap fish easily and quickly to remove them from your aquarium. No more cutting up soda bottles for homemade traps!
With its clear design and quick-sliding trap door it's easy to lure your prey into the AccliMate for a lightning fast capture.
Set the AccliMate on the aquarium floor or hang it somewhere higher up to accurately target your intended catch.
Turn the inner box upside down and replace it into the outer box with some bait to create a bristle worm trap. Worms crawl in through the holes after the bait and don't come back out.
For Salt Water and Fresh Water Aquariums
The safest and easiest way to add new livestock to your aquarium.
- Additional Information
Additional Information
Manual No
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Manufacturer Reef Gently


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All Telenor companies work daily with supply chain sustainability. Our aim is to raise the standard and make a social impact in the local market. We strive for continuous improvement in our own operations and towards our suppliers. In Myanmar we are aware that there are significant risks related to the supply chain.
In Telenor,
our Supplier Conduct
Principles (SCP)
is the key document for all contracting parties.
An 'Agreement on Responsible Business Conduct' legally obligates the supplier to comply with the SCP. Trained in-house inspectors are carrying out inspections of suppliers in accordance with written standards and best practices. Telenor is committed to working with suppliers to drive continuous improvement. This work has already started in Telenor Myanmar, and employees in this area were among the first to be recruited locally.
Identification of risks, mapping of local laws and getting an overview of the general standards for health, safety & security, environment and human rights, were amongst key activities early on. Extensive screening, due diligence and background checks are conducted for the contracting partners in the pre-selection process. We cooperate closely with our contracting partners.
Other key focus areas include capacity building and close follow-up from the start on the suppliers on issues related to health and safety, working conditions, underage labour and anti-corruption. We are working preventively in this area and have to be prepared for detecting and mitigating non-conformities to our firm requirements for responsible business conduct in the supply chain.
Capacity building among suppliers has already started and in as at end Q1/2015, close to 5,600 supplier employees trained on various HSSE & sustainability topics. Anti- corruption in the supply chain is included as part of these training sessions, and training and awareness tools translated into Burmese language are distributed to main suppliers. Site visits and inspections of suppliers and sub-suppliers commenced in 2013, and will continue during the network roll-out.
Telenor is internationally active in discussing and finding solutions to common challenges facing the industry. One of the key achievements last year was a guide to help preventing corruption in the supply chain, developed by UN Global Compact and Telenor, with input from UNGC Advisory Group members. The guide is used in supplier training and outlines preventive measures that companies are encouraged to have in place to minimize corruption risk.
© Copyright 2014 All rights reserved by Telenor Myanmar. | telenor.com.mm


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History Optional Paper- 1 Solution – 2014: Q.3 (c)
Q3.(c) Discuss different interpretations of historians about the nature of Asoka's 'Dhamma'. Did his principle of `Dhamma-vijaya' render the Mauryan Empire militaristically weak?
"Dhamma" corresponds to the Sanskrit word "Dharma" which literally means "which is to be held fast to" or "adhering strictly".
Historians differ in their interpretations of the nature of Ashoka's "Dhamma" :-
(1) Equating it with Buddhism
(Representative historians – R.C.Majumdar, Harprasad Shastri and others.)
It is argued that after the Kalinga war, Ashoka became so disgusted with the massacre of people in the war that he gave up war and converted to Buddhism. Now the Buddhism was made state religion and Asoka through his rock edicts and pillar inscriptions propagated the Buddhism among the masses.
However the recent writings of scholars like Romila Thapar, B.N.Mukherji, Upinder Singh, Ranabir Chakravarti and others have provided different interpretations and come out with a more nuanced explanation of Ashoka's policy of Dhamma. According to them, dhamma was not a religious concept and influence of Buddhism should be conceived in the light of Buddhism not just being a religion but a social movement which influenced all facet of life.
(2) The Moral and ethical principles common to all religions
(Representative historian- H. C. Raychaudhuri and others)
Dhamma was a short of universal religion, containing certain common elements in many religious traditions. It is intepreted as a form of raja-dharma (dharma of a king), consisting moral and ethical principles borrowed from both Buddhism and Brahmanism.
Dhamma was humanistic concept which focussed on human values and ideals and antithesis to violence.
(3) An ethical code of conduct
(Representative historian- Nilakantha Shastri and others)
Dhamma was an ethical code of conduct formed by Ashoka for his subjects, who were expected to follow it. It was guiding principles of social behaviour.
Dhamma was a social concept which had definite social objective of societal integration. Its larger aim was to bring about social harmony and integration among different religious sects.
Ashoka taught the virtue of toleration and non-violence through dhamma at an age when religious tension was high and violence though war was prevalent.
(4) An invention of Ashoka to consolidate the empire
(Representative historian- Romila Thapar)
Dhamma was an invention of Ashoka based on the moral ethical principles based on both Buddhism and Brahmanism.
Romila Thapar underlines the political rationale behind the propagation of Dhamma. She minimizes the Buddhist elements in Ashoka's Dhamma. She presents the view that the Dhamma was an ideological tool used by Ashoka to weld and consolidate his far-flung empire. He saw practical advantages in adopting and propogating dhamma, which was basically an ethical concept that focused on the relationship between the individual and the society.
Hence, according to Thapar, dhamma was a political concept which had political objective. It aimed at political integration through social harmony and integration among different sects.
In conclusion, it can said that dhamma was a secular concept, non-sectarian concept, humanistic concept, social concept and political concept. It was guiding principles of social behaviour and a way of life.
Principle of Dhamma-Vijaya and its impact
13th major rock edict gives Asoka's account of the war against Kalinga, and his consequent feeling of profound remorse. This is followed by a reasoned critique of war, pointing out that it led, directly or indirectly, to suffering for all. After this, Asoka embarked on a policy of Dhamma-Vijaya. It is described as the conquest through righteousness, not through violence or force. Under this, the rival kings do not resist, and happily accept his sovereignty, which is not about territorial conquest but spreading dhamma. Dhamma missionaries replacing king and his army, and spreading the message of dhamma far and wide.
H.C.Raychaudhari presented the idea that the pacifist policy of Asoka led to the decline in the military strength which was the reason for the decline of the Mauryan empire.
But nowhere it is mentioned that Asoka disbanded his army and in following years he took control of the tribal areas and warned them of any kind of revolt. He also continued capital punishment and advised his successors to take recourse to violence in extreme situations.
Since in his long reign, he undertook only one military campaign, it may have adversely affected the preparedness of the army but it would be incorrect to say that his principle of `Dhamma-vijaya' render the Mauryan Empire militaristically weak.


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text:
Previous Challenge Entry (Level 3 - Advanced)
Topic: Snap (09/04/08)
TITLE: Snap out of it, Joshua Jones.
"Look... I... I'm sorry, man. I didn't mean it. Honest, Smithers."
Smithers smeared the blood across his face with the back of one of his calloused hands and slipped the other into his pocket. "HA! Nobody rides his machine into another 'accidently' and gets away with it that easily. Who do ya think you are?"
Jonesy backed away, stumbling over his own mangled motorcycle laying on the pavement. He gripped his arm that twisted awkwardly at the elbow. "Jez man, it was an accident. Put the gun away."
"Not on your life, you son of a b…"
"NO!" The street echoed with the blast and Jonesy hit the ground. He lay with his legs and his right arm splayed. His limp arm was no longer there.
"Joshua Jones, come on, man. Snap out of it. Hey, I'm your brother. Me and Maria, we'll help you through this."
"Yeah... Well. I may not wanna snap out of it, so quit naggin' will ya."
Joshua stood in front of the mirror and stared at the place where his arm once was. "Not even the preacher part of you can help me now, bro, but thanks for the offer." He put on his jacket and shoved the hollow sleeve into the waistband of his jeans and turned away.
"So... where will you go?" Maria whispered.
"Maybe I'll head east... see Arizona."
"Aw man, there's nothing there but dirt. Come on home with us, bro."
Joshua shook his brother's hand and left the hospital room in silence.
"We'll be praying, bro."
"Yeah, whatever. See ya."
"Hey you. Snap out of it. This is as far as the bus goes. You getting off or you plan to stare out that dirty window for the rest of the day?"
Joshua looked up to see the sweaty faced bus driver. "Sorry, man. Where's the nearest hotel?"
"None around here—you know anyone in these parts?"
"Look, if you need a place to stay, there's always my brother's place. He's the local preacher... has a spare room."
Jonesy's mouth dropped opened. "You've got to be kidding, man. Your brother's a preacher too? Ha..." He shook his head slowly. "Man, I just can't get away from preachers." Throwing his back pack over his shoulder, Joshua followed the driver off the bus. His lungs rebelled against the stifling heat. "Thanks, but maybe I'll just keep going."
"Where? There's nothing for hundreds of miles. The heat will kill you. There's another bus tomorrow."
Jonesy just nodded his thanks and headed for a nearby cafe.
"Hey there, dreamer. Snap out of it. Your coffee's gone cold."
This time, Joshua grinned. "What else is on the menu?" he asked the pretty young waitress dressed in pink.
"Chef makes a mean burger," she grinned back. "Actually, he's also my dad... and local preacher."
Joshua's smile disappeared and jerked his head toward the kitchen. He sat staring as if in a trance.
The girl's eyes followed Joshua's gaze. "What? Did I say something wrong?"
Joshua snapped to attention and sat upright. "No actually, I'd like to speak to the chef, if he's not busy."
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text:
LATCHUM, Chief Judge.
On May 9, 1979, Initio, Inc. ("Initio") commenced this action against American Garden Products
A hearing was subsequently held on June 13, 1979.
While neither party presented witnesses at the hearing, both accepted the opportunity to fully present their positions. (See, Docket Item 56). In addition, the parties filed all of the depositions that were taken prior to the hearing and all of the documents that were produced. Finally, the parties filed extensive briefs setting forth their respective views of the facts and the law and they have supplemented their submissions with affidavits. The Court having reviewed all of the filed documents, it is in a position to rule on Initio's motion. This Opinion constitutes the Court's findings of fact and conclusions of law as required by Rule 52(a), F.R.Civ.P.
AGP is a Delaware corporation which is engaged in the business of growing and distributing horticultural products. (Docket Item 45, Ex. 3, p. 4). Its present operations actually consist of two closely related enterprises. (Docket Item 39, Ex. 1, p. 10). The first involves the growing and distributing of outdoor nursery products to garden centers, retail nurseries, chain stores, professional users and governmental agencies. (Docket Item 39, Ex. 1, pp. 2, 13). This part of the business is conducted on a nationwide basis through the following three subsidiary companies: (a) American Garden Cole, Inc., which has its headquarters in Circleville, Ohio; (b) American Garden Cal-Turf, Inc., which is located in Ventura, California; and (c) American Garden Perry's, Inc., which has its principal production facilities in La Puente, California. (Docket Item 39, Ex. 1, p. 2).
The second business involves the selling of seeds and bulbs nationwide by means of mail order catalogues. (Docket Item 39, Ex. 1, p. 2). This business is conducted through AGP's subsidiary, Gurney Seed & Nursery Company, Inc., located in Yankton, South Dakota. (Id.).
These two business enterprises were developed by AGP primarily through a process of acquiring other companies. (Docket Item 39, Ex. 1, p. 4). Indeed, between 1968 and 1978 AGP acquired eight other companies. (Id.). This process of expansion was generally successful. In 1975, however, AGP experienced a decline in profits. (Id.). At the same time AGP had a need for additional capital to continue its operations. (Id.). It therefore sought a loan from DeRance, Inc. ("DeRance"), a charitable foundation based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (Id.). DeRance loaned AGP 1.5 million dollars and in exchange it received a long-term subordinated note ("DeRance Note") which carried an interest rate of 9%. The DeRance Note is a lengthy document containing a number of very restrictive covenants. In addition, it also contained a provision which would allow DeRance to convert the note into stock if the price of AGP's stock reached $15.00 per share. (Id.).
AGP experienced even a less profitable year in 1976 than it did in 1975. The Company was forced to write off $1,000,000 worth of inventory which did not meet its quality standards (Id., p. 5), resulting in a
All of these problems led to a substantial refinancing plan in 1977. Under that refinancing plan a group of banks provided AGP with a line of short-term revolving credit of up to $7,000,000, at an interest rate of 1¼% above the prime rate. (Id., pp. 6-7). The plan also placed certain limits on AGP's right to pay dividends and to make expenditures on fixed assets. (Id., p. 7). Finally, the plan required AGP to decrease the ratio of its total liabilities to its capital base. (Id.).
AGP's financing efforts during 1976-1977 also forced it to obtain amendments to the DeRance Note on several occasions. (Docket Item 39, Ex. 1, p. 4). In exchange for granting these amendments DeRance obtained changes to the note's provisions. First, it obtained an increase in the rate of interest to 10%. Second, it obtained the right to convert its note to stock if the price reached $11 per share. Finally, it obtained the right to have two representatives on AGP's Board. (Docket Item 1, ¶ 22; Docket Item 49A, p. 125).
In 1978 the Company seriously began to consider the possibilities of obtaining long-term financing. John R. Hesse, the President and chairman of the Board of AGP presented three refinancing proposals to the Board in September 1978. (Docket Item 79, pp. 32-34). No action was taken on those proposals at that time. (Id., pp. 35-36). In December of 1978, however, the Board voted to proceed with preparations for a public offering. (Docket Item 48A, Ex. 1, p. 6).
Mr. Hesse went ahead with those preparations and in March of 1979 he presented a proposal to the Board for a public offering of $13,000,000 of subordinated sinking fund debentures and common shares. At the same meeting Mr. Hesse also proposed that a portion of the proceeds from the offering be used to purchase the DeRance Note at a price of approximately $2,000,000. Both proposals were initially approved by the Board by a vote of 4 to 2. (Docket Item 48A, Ex. 3, p. 4). Almost immediately thereafter, however, the Board decided to table the approvals pending further consideration of various other alternatives. (Id.).
At subsequent meetings the discussion of the two proposals centered on the question of whether the DeRance Note should be purchased. Two of the directors expressed strong opposition to the purchase. (Docket Item 44, pp. 39-40; Docket Item 47, pp. 118-20). One of those directors, Walter H. Helmerich III, stated that he opposed the purchase because the price was "outrageous" and because two members of the Board were representatives of DeRance. (Docket Item 48, pp. 27, 31-33). The other director, Roy B. Simpson, stated that he opposed the purchase because he did not think that the restrictions in the note were so burdensome that they justified the price. (Docket Item 52, pp. 57-58).
Both of those directors resigned from the Board within a few months after the dispute developed. Neither resignation, however, was directly related to the dispute. Mr. Helmerich resigned on April 24, 1979 after he sold all of his stock in AGP to Initio. (Docket Item 48, pp. 45-46). Mr. Simpson resigned on March 20, 1979 for reasons which are not clear. (See Docket Item 52, pp. 66-67; Docket Item 46, pp. 33-35). It does not appear, however, that he resigned because he was opposed to the purchase of the DeRance Note.
At the next meeting of the Board on April 24, 1979 the Board heard a report on the advisability of going ahead with the public offering and of purchasing the DeRance Note. (Docket Item 45, Ex. 1, pp. 3-5). The Report on the proposed purchase of the DeRance Note was given by an independent company called T. A. Associates (Id., p. 4). Mr. Miller and Mr. Dowling, the representatives of DeRance, were then excused from the meeting while the merits of the purchase were discussed. (Id., p. 7). Following the discussion, Brown, Gerbeth, Hesse, and Illick voted in favor of both the public offering and the purchase of the DeRance Note. (Id., p. 7). Mr. Teget abstained from both votes because he had
The Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has announced the standard to be applied in determining preliminary injunction motions in A. O. Smith Corp. v. Federal Trade Commission, 530 F.2d 515 (C.A.3, 1976). In that case the Court held that a party is not entitled to a preliminary injunction unless he establishes that:
530 F.2d at 525; see also, Bertoglio v. Texas International Company, 472 F.Supp. 1017 at 1021-1022 (D.Del.1979); Avins v. Widener College, Inc., 421 F.Supp. 858, 860-61 (D.Del.1976). Initio's motion must be considered in light of that standard.
II. THE DeRANCE NOTE
Initio first claims that the proposed purchase of the DeRance Note is so improvident that it would amount to a waste of corporate assets. To prevail on this claim Initio must establish either: (a) that there was self-dealing by the members of the Board or that the members of the Board did not make an informed business judgment before they voted to purchase the Note, and thereby shift the burden to the Board to prove that the purchase is fair to AGP;
Initio contends that it will be able to prove that there was self-dealing by the Board because it can show that two of the Board members—Messrs. Miller and Dowling —were nominated by DeRance, and because it can prove that another member of the Board, Mr. Illick, is the president of an investment banking company which would be one of the underwriters of the public offering. (Docket Item 43, p. 62). The Court does not agree that that evidence will be sufficient to establish self-dealing.
The minutes of the April 24, 1979 Board meeting indicate that Messrs. Miller and Dowling left the room during the final discussion of the proposed purchase and the minutes also indicate that neither Messrs. Miller nor Dowling voted on the proposal. (Docket Item 45, Ex. 1, p. 7). Furthermore, there is nothing in the record at this point to indicate that the other members of the Board were influenced by Messrs. Miller or Dowling.
The evidence with regard to Mr. Illick is equally insubstantial. It is true that Mr. Illick is the president of a firm that would be one of the underwriters of the proposed public offering, and he, therefore, would have some personal interest in voting in favor of the public offering. (See Docket Item 50, pp. 3, 23). There is nothing in the record, however, to suggest that Mr. Illick had any personal interest that would cause him to vote in favor of the purchase of the DeRance Note. The Court concludes, therefore, that it is not likely that Initio will be able to establish that there was any self-dealing involved in the Board's decision to purchase the DeRance Note.
Initio also contends that it will be able to establish that the members of the Board did not make an informed business judgment about the proposed purchase before they voted for it. (Docket Item 43, p. 42). The
The record demonstrates that the Board considered the proposed purchase during at least two separate Board meetings in March and April of 1979. (Docket Item 48A, Ex. 3; Docket Item 45, Ex. 1). On both occasions the Board heard arguments for and against the purchase. (Id.). In addition, at the April meeting the Board heard the opinion of an independent financial consultant on both the propriety and the financial effect of the purchase. (Docket Item 45, Ex. 1, pp. 5, 7). The Court, therefore, concludes that it is unlikely that Initio will be able to prove that the members of the Board failed to make an informed business judgment before they voted in favor of purchasing the DeRance Note.
Initio's final contention with regard to the DeRance Note is that it will be able to prove that the proposed purchase is grossly disadvantageous to AGP. (Docket Item 43, p. 46). In support of that contention Initio points to the fact that it is undisputed that the proposed purchase of the DeRance Note involves a payment by AGP of a $500,000 premium to DeRance—an amount that is equal to one-third of the face value of the Note. It also points to the fact that it is undisputed that the Board plans to purchase the Note with money which carries an interest rate which is 2¼% greater than the interest rate which the Note itself bears. Initio claims that these two facts are sufficient to conclusively establish that the proposed purchase is grossly disadvantageous to AGP. The Court is unable to agree.
There is no doubt that the above evidence establishes that the proposed purchase involves substantial costs to AGP. (See Docket Item 42, pp. 13-14). The defendants, on the other hand, contend that those costs are justified by the benefits that will be derived from the purchase of the Note. (See Docket Item 39, pp. 47-48).
There are three benefits that AGP will presumably derive from the proposed purchase. The first benefit is based on the fact that the DeRance Note can be converted into between 136,000 to 150,000 shares of AGP stock if the price of the stock reaches $11 per share. The purchase of the Note would eliminate the possibility that DeRance would convert the Note and thereby cause a significant dilution in the shareholders' equity.
While the Court is not convinced at this point that those benefits are as valuable to AGP as the defendants contend, nevertheless, the evidence does indicate that those benefits would be of substantial value to AGP. (Docket Item 49A, pp. 122-135; Docket Item 39, Exs. 4 & 5). The Court concludes, therefore, that Initio has failed to establish that it is likely that it will be able to prove that the proposed purchase is grossly disadvantageous to AGP, and consequently, it has failed to establish that it is likely to prevail on the merits with regard to its first claim.
The next question that the Court must consider is whether Initio has established that it or AGP will suffer irreparable harm if an injunction is not granted. The only harm that Initio has identified as potentially arising from the purchase is a wasting of corporate assets. That potential harm is not irreparable since the loss could be recovered in a damage action against the Board. The Court thus concludes that Initio has failed to establish that it or AGP will suffer irreparable harm if an injunction does not issue.
The Court further concludes that Initio has failed to establish that AGP would not be substantially harmed if an injunction
Finally, the Court concludes that Initio has failed to establish that the public interest would be served in any way by the granting of an injunction against the proposed purchase. Hence, the Court will deny Initio's motion for a preliminary injunction prohibiting the proposed purchase of the DeRance Note.
Initio's second claim is that the defendants caused AGP to violate Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Section 10(b) of the 1934 Act does not provide an express civil remedy for its violation and Congress apparently did not consider the problem of private suits when the law was passed.
At the same time, however, the courts also recognized that it was necessary to place some limits on this judicially created cause of action. The most significant of these limitations was established by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in Birnbaum v. Newport Steel Corp., 193 F.2d 461 (1952). In that case the Second Circuit held that Section 10(b) provided a private cause of action only for those persons who were either defrauded buyers or sellers of securities. Id., at 463-64. That view was eventually adopted by the Supreme Court in Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores, 421 U.S. 723, 95 S.Ct. 1917, 44 L.Ed.2d 539 (1975).
In this case Initio concedes that it is not a buyer or seller within the meaning of Blue Chip. Initio contends, however, that it is not precluded from bringing this action because it is bringing this case on behalf of AGP and AGP is a seller within the meaning of Blue Chip. The Court does not agree.
Prior to the Blue Chip decision some lower courts had allowed a shareholder of a corporation to bypass the buyer-seller rule by bringing a derivative action on behalf of the corporation. See, Schoenbaum v. First-brook, 405 F.2d 215, 219 (C.A.2, 1968); Pappas v. Moss, 393 F.2d 865, 869 (C.A.3, 1968). The Blue Chip Court recognized that "exception" to the buyer-seller rule and it did not overrule it. Blue Chip, supra, 421 U.S. at 738, 95 S.Ct. 1917. Presumably, then, that exception to the buyer-seller rule may still be utilized in appropriate cases. The present action, however, is not such a case.
Each of the cases in which a shareholder has been allowed to bypass the buyer-seller rule by bringing a derivative action involved a situation where the corporation was the victim of a fraudulent sale. See, Cramer v. GTE, 582 F.2d 259, 270-71 (C.A.3, 1978); Schoenbaum, supra, 405 F.2d at 218-19; Pappas, supra, 393 F.2d at 869; Ruckle v. Roto American Corp., 339 F.2d 24, 27-29 (C.A.2, 1964). The corporation in each of those cases, therefore, would have clearly qualified as a defrauded buyer or seller within the meaning of the rule. In this case, on the other hand, Initio does not claim that AGP is about to become the victim of a fraudulent sale, but rather that AGP is about to perpetrate a fraud on the public and that AGP may eventually be injured if there are resulting lawsuits. In light of this distinction, the Court concludes that AGP would not qualify as a buyer or seller under the rule and consequently finds that Initio cannot obtain the necessary standing to bring this action by means of a derivative suit.
Alternatively, Initio contends that it has standing under a line of decisions which holds that a non-buyer or seller may bring a Section 10b suit for an injunction rather than damages, if the person suffered an injury which was causally connected to a fraudulent sale. See, Kahan v. Rosensteil, 424 F.2d 161 (C.A.3), cert. den., 398 U.S. 950, 90 S.Ct. 1870, 26 L.Ed.2d 290 (1970); Crane Co. v. Westinghouse Air Brake Company, 419 F.2d 787 (C.A.2, 1969). Once again, however, the Court does not agree.
In the first place there is some question as to whether the Kahan line of cases has survived the Blue Chip decision.
The present case is significantly different from Kahan. Initio does not allege that any misrepresentations were directed at it. Rather, it alleges that misrepresentations will be made to the general public in the offering documents. More importantly, Initio does not allege that it has suffered or will suffer a direct injury as a result of those misrepresentations. Instead, Initio alleges that the general public will be directly injured and that Initio may suffer an indirect injury if the value of its investment in AGP decreases as the result of possible lawsuits against AGP. Finally, unlike the Kahan case, it is not clear that it would be consistent with the policy of the Securities Acts to grant Initio standing in this case.
The alleged misrepresentations in this case were made in a preliminary Registration Statement that has been filed with the SEC but which has not yet become effective. The SEC has been supplied with all the information that is in the record before this Court
The Court also concludes that Initio has failed to establish that either it or AGP will be irreparably harmed if the Court does not order a more complete disclosure. As the Court has already noted, the SEC has been supplied with all of the information which is in the record in this case and it is currently in the process of reviewing the allegedly defective Registration Statement. Hence, it seems likely that if there are defects in the Registration Statement the SEC will find them and order the defendants to correct them before it allows the Statement to become effective. If that occurs AGP and Initio will not suffer any harm as a result of the denial of injunctive relief.
Moreover, even if the SEC fails to require sufficient disclosure before it allows the Registration Statement to become effective, neither AGP nor Initio would be irreparably harmed. At most AGP might be forced to pay damages to those persons who purchase the securities which are part of the proposed offering.
Finally, the Court concludes that Initio has failed to establish that granting the preliminary relief it requests would serve the public interest to any significant degree. The Court, therefore, finds that Initio's motion for an order requiring the defendants to make a more complete disclosure must be denied.
Accordingly, an order will be entered denying plaintiff's motion for a preliminary injunction.
15 U.S.C. § 78j(b).
17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5.


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The mainstream school curriculum leaves some students feeling alienated and unfulfilled. A new Toronto District School Board (TDSB) program being run out of the Scadding Court Community Centre manages to both help students meet the curriculum's requirements and keep them engaged.

The Oasis Skateboard Factory gets students – many of whom had dropped out of traditional schooling – to earn credits by building a brand and creating their own skateboard company.

"I founded it five years ago out of an idea I had to keep kids interested in school," said TDSB teacher and Oasis Skateboard Factory founder Craig Morrison. "It's school, but it's also a social enterprise."

The school gives students a chance to actually manufacture skateboards, come up with and apply their own designs and market the brand. They also create buttons, T-shirts and other swag as promotional tools.

For student Jacob Eisenstein, the school offered challenges and opportunities not present in the traditional school system.

"You don't think of it as being forced into learning something out of a (school) package that will be marked and thrown away," Eisenstein said. "This board we're working on now, somebody paid for it. Somebody's going to ride it."

Fellow student Peter Mackinnon said the ability to create his own brand creates added incentive, as does the fact the students share in the profits. They receive a portion of the money from the sale of their skateboards while the remainder goes toward supplies for the students' work.

"Comparing what we're doing here (to traditional high school), there's just no comparison," said Mackinnon. "We come here and we work hard, but it's something we're passionate about."

The school is intensive, with students attending for five hours a day, without breaks. There are snacks available in the classroom to allow the students to power through without stopping.

While the most visible part of the school experience revolves around creating skateboards, students also meet English requirements by writing artist statements, zines and articles for professional skateboarding magazines.

"It's the core elements of English but it's connected to real-world results," said Oasis Skateboard Factory teacher Lauren Hortie. "Looking after the business side of their brand looks after the math part of curriculum, too, but it's presented more as a job and something they can call their own."

The students' work has been showcased at the Baitshop - a skateboard shop in Parkdale – and at the Toronto Design Offsite Festival among other places.

Creating and cultivating their own brands gives the students more of a sense of agency over their work, and as a result the Oasis Skateboard Factory has close to a 100 per credit completion rate. That is remarkable for any school, let alone one in which most of the students have already dropped out of the conventional schooling system.

With 26 students enrolled, the school is at capacity, though Morrison and Hortie hope to see it expanded further.

"We would love to have a storefront space where we have a window so the public can see the great work that these students are doing," Hortie said.

Their work has not gone unnoticed in some circles. Oasis student Kyle Echlin recently won the CBC's Future Dragon Fund competition, earning $5,000 for the school and a visit from Dragon's Den star Kevin O'Leary.

For more information on the Oasis Skateboard Factory, visit http://oasisskateboardfactory.blogspot.ca


text:
Can We Have a Policy on Sex? Setting Targets for Teenage Pregnancies. Occasional Paper
Ingham, Roger
Bibliographic Citation
[Southampton, England]: Institute for Health Policy Studies [IHPS], University of Southampton, 1993 July; 23p. [+4p.]
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Lemon Sauce Recipes
Looking for recipes for lemon sauce? Taste of Home has the best lemon sauce recipes from real cooks like you, featuring reviews, ratings, how-to videos and tips.
Recipe Spotlight
I make this delicious apple cake with the apples we get from a local orchard. Growers here in Ohio produce a wide variety of apples, and they're all good!Get Recipe
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|1,076 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|5 - 7 nights
Deep in the South of France, nestling in the foothills of the French Pyrenees, 'Maison de Vigne offers spectacular views over the surrounding countryside by day, with the twinkling lights down in the valley to remind you of your elevated position by night. The recent renovation, with exposed beams, expert stone work and tasteful decor contribute to the charm & atmosphere of this village cottage. We have 2 very good restaurants within 15 minutes walk over the river bridge in Couiza. The village of Montazels is also home to La Cave Des Haute d'Aldae, where the excellent local wines can be tasted and bought.
Maison de Vigne is at the centre of the Cathar region with hill top castles and the medieval city of Carcassonne to remind you of the fascinating and often tragic history for which this region is renowned. Just across the valley from the cottage is Rennes le Chateau, centre of a mystery still very much alive with many books written & films made on the subject. The mystery is one of sudden wealth, secret codes and a search for treasure in the latter part of the 19th C. The link with the village is very strong - in 1852 Bérenger Saunière, the priest at the centre of the mystery was born in Montazels. Just type Montazels into any search engine and take your pick of the many web sites if you wish to delve deeper. Here you will find the story that gave rise to the Dan Brown book 'The Davinci Code'.
The medieval city of Carcassonne is 40 minutes drive, or why not take the train - a 10 minute walk to the stop from the cottage. Buy your ticket on the train & travel to the heart of the city without the bother of parking. The recent best selling novel Labyrinth, by Kate Mosse features Carcassonne as its setting and her follow up Sepulchre, the nearby Spa village Rennes les Baines.
The Mediterranean coast is just an hours drive with lots of interesting villages en route and long stretches of golden sand. Our local spa villages Rennes-les-Bains and Alet-les-Bains, also offer bathing in hot spa waters containing natural minerals renowned for their curative properties.
The Spanish border is just 90 minutes away with Barcelona another hour, drive just across the border and take the train from Figares, birthplace and home to a fascinating museum dedicated to Salvador Dali. You can also drive across to Andorra for fantastic scenery, skiing & duty free shopping.
Keywords: rental cottage, gite, appartment, holiday cottage, holiday home, Languedoc, Carcassonne, Rennes-les-Chateau
After a spell working in beautiful rural North Shropshire UK, we are back in equally beautiful rural Northamptonshire, where we have 3 grown-up children and 7 grandchildren.
Trevor Lecoche purchased this cottage in 2004
We fell in love with the Languedoc after a holiday there so it was our first thought when we decided to buy a place in France. The Languedoc has many attractions on different levels - History, Scenery, Culture, Climate and Character. Midway between the Mediterranean and the Pyrennees it seemed the ideal spot to enjoy the French Experience. In just an hours drive you can be at the beach in summer or the piste in winter. We love the mountains and viewing the mountains at close quarter was what we wanted. The elevated position of Maison de Vigne means we are blessed with fantastic views from every window. The terrace at the front of the house fronts onto the lane with occasional local pedestrian traffic which is great for improving your French language skills. We liked it so much that 6 years later in 2010, when the 2 bedroomed cottage next door became available we bought and renovated that as well.
Maison de Vigne is at the centre of the Cathar Region offering glorious views of Rennes-le-Chateau and Coutassa Castle from the vine shaded terrace and bedroom windows. We have 2 wonderful caretakers in the village who ensure the cottage is always kept in first class condition, and are ready to welcome you to Montazels. We have furnished the cottage with everything we need for a second home in France. We bought Maison de Vigne because we loved it and over the last 10 years have been delighted to find, through the pages of our guest book and post holiday emails, that our guests seem to love it too.
Want to stay forever - thank you for letting us stay in your lovely welcoming house. We came to find the treasure and realised that it was here, within!
My 9-year-old son, my spouse, and I stayed here over New Year's 2015-2016, for about 9 days. It was exactly as advertised and more, with even a bottle of the local Limoux bubble in the refrigerator for New Year's Eve. Trevor also sent a reminder that most things in France would be closed on January 1 so to stock up before arriving.
There was more space than we needed--with the third bedroom, at least 3 more people could have stayed with us. We explored the nearby Cathar castle ruins and drove to Toulouse, Narbonne, and other place, returning in the evenings to this cozy cottage with absolutely amazing views of both Rennes-le-Château and the ruins of Coustaussa castle across the valley. There are nearby grocery stores and bakeries, but it maintains a countryside feel. There is even a small park in the village where our soccer-obsessed child could play "football." Perfect vacation rental.
The drive up to road to get to the rental is one of the narrower lanes I've been on, but that just added to the fun for us in our small rental car. We would stay here again, and would also recommend it to anyone wanting to visit the Pyrenees and Cathar region.
After a very long travel we found out this warmly welcoming and highly confortable cottage in Montazels. As we planned a lot of trips around, the situation of the cottage offered easy accessibility to many places. We were happy to explore Chateau de Peyrepertuse, Cité de Carcassonne, Gorges du Verdouble, Salines in Bages and Peyriac-de-Mer, Rennes-les-Bains and also took a bike trip along the Canal du Midi. We spent a wonderful but also quite busy week in this cosy cottage and felt really sorry when leaving. Cannot forget the stunning view from the windows ... Hope to come back again ...
We feel very fortunate to have found this lovely place for our April visit to France. Our group of four adults found the Maison de Vigne to be beyond our wildest dreams.
We were so comfortable in the spacious bedrooms with amazing views of the hills, valley and mountains. Everything was immaculate. The kitchen was beautifully equipped, and we were even welcomed with a bottle of the local sparking wine, Blanquette de Limoux! The sitting room was perfectly cozy for the four of us, busy with our books and laptops--and the wifi was certainly appreciated as we researched the area. April is a great time to be in SW France--lilacs just beginning to bloom, vineyards not yet leafing out and so striking in their architecture. From our maison we did day trips to St. Hilaire, Limoux, Rennes le Chateau and Rennes les Bains (twice there,) the medieval mountainside village of Castlenou, on to the Mediterranean town of Collioure (absolutely beautiful!) and Carcassonne.
The village of Montazels is fascinating and unspoiled. We walked several times to the adjoining village of Couiza for meals and visits to the bakery. Le Carnetzot proved to be a superb restaurant.
We are grateful to the owners for sharing this beautifully restored and maintained property, and look forward to returning for a longer stay!
Our family of five had a wonderful time at your beautiful French country cottage. It was all that we hoped for....a step back in time, quiet, restful and with stunning views all around. Our excursions were adventurous,everything from exploring Cathar castles, witnessing ancient cave art, swimming in the Mediterranean and visiting wonderful towns like Foix, Colliure and Tauteval. Thank you for a memorable holiday which filled up our hearts.
Maison de Vigne is a charming house, in an excellent location for sightseeing. The views from the 1st floor bedrooms are to be recommended. Our party (4 adults & 2 children) enjoyed the homely comforts of the house for 6 nights. The local neighbours are very friendly & welcoming. We were greeted with several waves & shouts of "Bon Appetite!" while enjoying tasty snacks of bread, accompanied with local cheeses, pate & of course, a glass or two of wine, on the narrow terrace to the front of the property. On that note, we wandered along to Domain St.Jacques (local vineyard) and despite a few language barriers were welcomed to enjoy tasting of a number of the differing varieties.
The property has two main bedrooms, which are both spacious with comfortable beds. The 2nd floor has a further characterful bedroom with sloping eaves & 2 single beds, which my two teenage children thoroughly enjoyed. Although there is only one bathroom, we did not consider this to be a significant issue. Otherwise, the house is spacious & well equipped. While the main living room is relatively small, this is countered by a good-sized dining room where we enjoyed a number of family meals. Carcassonne (about 40km) is well worthy of visiting, while we also enjoyed a number of local walks along the Aude & visiting other places. Limoux & Quillan are close by, giving access to a number of large supermarkets.Would definitely recommend this property.
Our stay in this beautiful cottage was very relaxing and enjoyable. The cottage is exactly as it is shown in the pictures. It is very well maintained and well stocked. The location is very central to many stunning locations and beauty spots. During our stay, we visited Carcasonne twice, both during the day and to see the beautiful castle at night. We also drove into Andorra, which had spectacular views along the way, albeit the road being a little scary due to the height. We also took the advice of the owners who recommended a visit to Mirepoix. This was a lovely place to enjoy a meal in the Medieval surroundings. We visited many different places during our stay, too many to name, but we found the neighbours and locals very helpful with suggestions for restaurants, taxis etc.
A very enjoyable trip all round. I would definitely recommend this cottage to a friend, and would certainly consider returning.
Montazels is at the centre of the Cathar region with hill top castles and the medieval city of Carcassonne to remind you of the fascinating and often tragic history for which this region is renowned.
On the hilltop just across the valley from the cottage is Rennes-le- Chateau, centre of a mystery still very much alive with many books written & films made on the subject. The mystery is one of sudden wealth, secret codes and a search for treasure in the latter part of the 19th C. The link with the village is very strong - in 1852 Bérenger Saunière, the priest at the centre of the mystery was born in Montazels. Just type Montazels into any search engine and take your pick of the many web sites if you wish to delve deeper. Here you will find the story that gave rise to the Dan Brown book 'The Davinci Code'.
The medieval city of Carcassonne is 40 minutes drive, or why not take the heavily subsidised train - a 10 minute walk to the stop from the cottage. Buy your 1 Euro ticket ( Yes...ONE EURO!) on the train & travel to the heart of the city without the bother of parking. The best selling novel 'Labyrinth', by Kate Mosse features Carcassonne as its setting and in her follow up 'Sepulchre', the nearby Spa village Rennes les Baines.
The Mediterranean coast with long stretches of golden sand, and the Camargue National Park is just over an hours drive with lots of interesting villages en route. The Camargue, a delta region of pastures, dunes & marshes great for viewing wildlife, is the only place in France (and one of the few anywhere around the Mediterranean) where pink flamingos nest on inland salt water lakes, called étangs. Also look out for the free running bulls and the famous Camargue white horses used to round them up.
There is a fresh water lake for bathing at Arque just 15 minutes drive from Montazels. Our local spa villages Rennes les Bains and Alet le Bain also offer bathing in hot spa waters containing natural minerals renowned for their curative properties. The nearest skiing station in the Pyrennees is Camurac - 50 minutes drive.
The Spanish border is just 90 minutes away with Barcelona another hour. You can drive just across the border to Figares and take the train. Figares is the birthplace of Salvador Dali and home to a fascinating museum dedicated to him. You can also drive across to Andorra for fantastic scenery, skiing & duty free shopping.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
Summer 2017
Jul 1 2017 - Sep 29 2017
7 night minimum stay
Autumn 2017
Sep 30 2017 - Nov 3 2017
5 night minimum stay
Winter 2017
Nov 4 2017 - Dec 22 2017
5 night minimum stay
|Refundable damage deposit
All taxes are included in the rental fee. There are no extra charges during summer months. From November to March electricity and gas are charged at cost price by meter reading for monthly rentals.
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.


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There is no excuse for a dull presentation - even in the business environment. In fact, presentations in the workplace may be the most important to you! Your own success in the workplace depends on your ability to clearly explain your ideas. The central goal of any presentation is to communicate and effective communication is achieved when ideas are shaped simply, concisely, and interestingly.
When you are asked to present a new strategy, training materials, or any new idea you may have, you should bear these principles in mind:
Principle 1: Less is more. Excessive visuals and slides will detract from you message. When is comes to presentations, you should try to be as succinct as possible while still communicating all you need to.
Principle 2: You should be the primary source of the presentation. Most presenters use PowerPoint slides as their primary source of information. But your slides should really only be there to support the things you say and do.
Principle 3: Visuals are key! Use data charts to plot financial figures, use flowcharts to illustrate processes, or even use simple photographs to illustrate more abstract points. People are much more likely to remember and understand what you have to say if you combine your spoken words with an effective visual. Need some tips? Check out this article with some easy tips to improve your charts and graphs.
Principle 4: Think carefully about the sequence of your slides. Ensure that your presentation flows effectively and if you have a single slide that contains a lot of information, consider sequencing that information using animation.
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Plan your presentation: This should go without saying. You should always be sure to plan and practice your presentations. This article will give you some great questions to help you think about while researching the conent and some guidelines for how long your presentation should be.
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Read More
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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|Please note: This article is about the Kagaku item. For other uses of the term, please see Kemuri (disambiguation).
Ekitai Kemuri (Liquid Smoke) was an Agasha family Kagaku item. Ekitai Kemuri was a thick gummy substance that, when lit, emitted a black smoke. The smoke could be quite iritable for eyes and throats, and a standard portion would burn for approximately ten minutes. [1]
- ↑ Way of the Dragon, p. 89
|This Dragon Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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WP Translate 4.7 » Website Translation Tools
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This update has added the option to control the default open or closed status of the Google Translate Bar that appears at the top of your WordPress site.
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925 Sterling Sliver
Chunky bracelet with squared & rounded outside rims
Perfectly smooth round internal diameter that feels beautiful to wear
6.5cm diameter
7"/18cm internal circumference
Weighs 28g
This chic bangle is perfect for everyday wear, will work added to a stack or looks stunning on its own!
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I would be delighted to assist you personally with your enquiry.
Please provide the following information so that I can contact you about this item.
I love to hear what my customers have to say about their experiences in the shop and online
Whether it's because you've worn your new earrings at a wedding, adore the cocktail ring you were given on your birthday, or you just simply treated yourself, please let me know!
Sign up for the latest news, limited edition pieces, new arrivals and special offers from Alexandra May.×


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Growth of GM crops slows for first time in 20 years
The growth of genetically-modified crops has dipped for the first time following two decades of steady increases, according to a study released Wednesday.
The growth of genetically-modified crops has dipped for the first time following two decades of steady increases, according to a study released Wednesday.
Research at North Carolina State University has identified "pollen blockers" in corn that can prevent organic corn from being pollinated by genetically modified (GM) plants. The findings could aid more rapid and efficient ...
Nineteen of the 28 EU member states have applied to keep genetically modified crops out of all or part of their territory, the bloc's executive arm said Sunday, the deadline for opting out of new European legislation on GM ...
France definitively banned the growing of genetically modified corn on Monday after its highest court and Senate both confirmed an existing ban.
The discovery of unauthorized genetically engineered wheat growing on a farm in the US state of Oregon has cast a spotlight on agricultural biotechnology and the debate about its safety.
(Phys.org)—Researchers at the Medical University of Vienna have conducted feeding trials with mice to investigate the allergenicity of genetically modified (GM) weevil-resistant peas. Development of the peas was discontinued ...
Environmentalists are warning that Mexico, the cradle of corn, risks damaging its staple if the government gives US firms the green light to plant genetically-modified maize in huge swaths of land.
A controversial study that linked genetically modified corn to cancer in lab rats is a "scientific non-event," six French scientific academies said on Friday.
The French scientist who linked Monsanto genetically-modified corn to cancer in rats on Thursday refused to let the EU's food safety watchdog, EFSA, verify his results.
France will seek an immediate EU ban on imports of a genetically-modified corn made by Monsanto if a study linking it to cancer in rats is deemed credible, Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said Thursday.


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Sunday, March 04, 2007
"If I publish a poem on my blog, can I still submit it to your publication?"
Admittedly, the editors I asked at the AWP book fair were surprised at the question. I was left with the impression that they do not have a policy in place. In fact, I'm not sure how often the question comes up. Unless a poem has been previously published on an online journal or in a print publication, it is not considered published if it is on a blog.
One editor said it was the equivalent to me, for instance, printing out a poem from my computer and handing it to a friend. Is that considered published? Technically yes, but it doesn't count. That same editor asked if my blog was a popular blog ... so if I had a high readership, would it be worth it for an establish publication to pick up the poem?
These five publishers are not the be all-end all when it comes to submitting work (and I'm not naming names, though tempting). But there is a lot of gray area that hasn't been defined. I say--take advantage of the gap and send out your blog poems. Just be sure to double check each publisher's submission guidelines.
11 comments:
- didi said...
I think I will address this question on MiPOesias. I am going to make it official that the answer is NO.
Thank you,
Didi Menendez
- January said...
Hi Didi. I was at the Online Literary Journal presentation with Amy King, and I enjoyed what she had to say immensely.
From a submitters point of view, can you elaborate on why you would not allow poems published on a blog to be submitted.
- Didi Menendez said...
Because a blog is a self publishing tool. You are published already. As you know each publication has a different answer. Mine is sorry charlie.
Thanks -
Didi Menendez
- Carolee said...
Hi, January! Welcome back. I just submitted an article on this for a futre feature on Poetry Thursday (as you know I freaked out about this in December and yanked all my work down).
Some of the publications I interviewed said you can't submit blog work; others said you can. It seems to be different, publication by publication.
Glad to hear some more falling on the side of the blogger. But it's important for us to stay informed.
I'll let you know when dana posts the article.
- Catherine said...
I've always thought that if it is on the internet, it is published - in a totally different way than printing out one copy from a friend from your computer might be considered "published". On a blog, it is potentially available to anyone worldwide to read. (Unless perhaps you password protected your blog and only gave the password to a small circle of friends).
An editor could easily check whether it is previously published by entering a few words into a google search. Though as I inserted a tag into my blog to prevent it being indexed by google, it may be harder for mine. I must check it sometime.
I do publish my Poetry Thursday poems on my blog, because it would seem mean not to when it is their prompt that inspired the poem. Other than that, I try not to put a poem there if I think I might want to send it to a journal.But since they keep coming back from most publications, maybe I should stop bothering about it and just put them on the blog in the first plac, instead of waiting until they have been rejected enough that I give up sending them out.
- Becoming Amethyst said...
mmmm, very interesting...
I tend to put first drafts of the poems on my blog ~ so the ones i send out to journals are not the same... also if they are accepted even those first drafts come straight down...
the responses i get to posting for PT are too thrilling not to share those poems online. maybe i seek out the immediate thrill too easily at the expense of more delayed pleasures... ;-)
- Emily said...
Thank you for asking this question! It seems difficult to navigate. So it seems like you can send poems for publication if you take them off your blog, no?
- Catherine said...
If putting them in your blog is publishing, then taking them off doesn't mean you didn't publish them. Just as publishing in a book doesn't become null and void if the book is out of print. Of course, if you take them down it may be harder for a publisher to find them - but they may still exist online, for instance in Google's "cache"
- January said...
I'm not saying anyone should mislead a publisher. Certainly look for publishers that will print works previously posted on a blog. But if they don't have a policy in place, I say take advantage of that and send in your work.
- Carolee said...
I believe my article on the subject will appear this Wednesday 3/14 on Poetry Thursday.
- amy said...
Hi January,
I just wanted to say three things:
I absolutely love your name!
Thanks for attending my panel, &
I appreciate your comment about the panel & my efforts! Glad to know I contributed something helpful~
Be well,


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|Big Band & Swing
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Louis Stein, 22 April 1922, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Stein played piano as a teenager with several noted musicians, including Buddy De Franco. In the early 40s he was briefly with Ray McKinley, then was inducted into the US Army where he played with Glenn Millers Army Air Force band. At the end of the war he was again with McKinley, then rejoined another musician from his earlier years, Charlie Ventura, co-composing with him the jazz standard, East Of Suez. Versatile, happily moving between extremes of jazz style, Stein spent the 50s with a similarly wide range of musicians: Billy Butterfield, Kai Winding, Sarah Vaughan, Sauter-Finegan and Louie Bellson. In these years he was a regular sideman with the bands put together by Bob Haggart and Yank Lawson that eventually became the Worlds Greatest Jazz Band.
Towards the end of the decade, Stein played with two outstanding tenor saxophonists, Coleman Hawkins and...


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Now that our kiddos are older (7 & 10), we're trying to expand their horizons and avoid chain restaurants when we travel. This is a great local spot that pleased our entire family.
The coney dogs are just like the ones my husband loved when we lived in Detroit, loaded with chili, onions and flavor. I had the terrific Chicago dog with relish, mustard and pickle -- and onion rings that were crisp, crunchy perfection. There's no kids' menu, but the plain dog, cheeseburger and fries made the kiddos happy. The burger was plenty big enough to share, and topped with a fresh pretzel bun that we all loved.
We visited on a Saturday afternoon and had no trouble getting a table. The decor is retro kitsch, with car parts and tin signs on the walls.
Come prepared with quarters for the parking meters out front, and if your kids are still at the young-and-grabby stage, be careful about the self-service coffee pot sitting on the edge of the counter. There's a nice candy shop next door (Fannie Rose) where you can pick up some sweets or popcorn for the road.
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