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Loop and earth Ohmmeter C.A 6456
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1 Loop and earth Ohmmeter C.A 6456 E N G L I S H User's manual 1
2 Meaning of the symbol : WARNING! Consult the user manual before using the instrument. Failure to follow or carry out the instructions in this user manual that are preceded by this symbol may result in personal injury or damage to the instrument and the installations. Consult the user manual before using the instrument! Thank you for purchasing a C.A 6456 loop and earth ohmmeter. To get the best service from this instrument : read carefully this user's manual, respect the safety precautions PRECAUTIONS FOR USE This instrument can be used on category III installations at voltages not exceeding 550V with respect to earth. Category III meets the reliability and availability requirements of uses on fixed industrial installations (cf. EN A2). Never use the C.A 6456 tester on installations having a potential greater than 550V with respect to earth. Check that none of the input terminals is connected and that the switch is set to OFF before opening the instrument. Use connection accessories of which the overvoltage category and service voltage are greater than or equal to those of the measuring instrument (600V, cat. III). Use only accessories that comply with safety standards (EN and EN ). Do not immerse the C.A 6456 tester! Repairs and metrological verifications must be carried out by approved, qualified personnel. WARRANTY Unless otherwise stated, our warranty is valid for twelve months (12 months) following the date on which the equipment is made available (extract from our General Conditions of Sale, available on request). 2
3 SOMMAIRE 1 PRESENTATION Environmental conditions Compliance with standards Power supply DESCRIPTION GENERAL USE Automatic checks Instrument configuration (SET-UP) Compensation of the leads Recording measurement results (MEM) Recalling recorded values (MR) Erasing recorded values Printing measurement results (PRINT) Printing recorded values (PRINT MEM) MEASUREMENTS Voltage measurement P and 3P earth measurement Earth measurement in live condition (REARTH) wire loop measurement (Z LOOP) wire loop measurement (Z LINE) Current measurement ( ) GLOSSARY MAINTENANCE Replacing the batteries Storage Cleaning Metrological verification Warranty Customer service Repair LIST OF CODED ERRORS TO ORDER
4 1. PRESENTATION Portable instrument for testing and checking the safety of new and existing electrical installations (loop ohmmeter). Measurement functions :- Voltage, - Frequency, - Test of protective conductor, PE, - Earth resistance with 2 auxiliary rods (3P method) - Coupling resistance (2P method) - Loop impedance, with display of the resistive part and of the inductive part, - Calculation of short-circuit currents, - Current, with clamp, - Selective earth resistance (with clamp). Execution : Display : - 8-way central switch and 7-key keypad. - Backlit 160-segment LCD display unit with two simultaneous digital displays, A1 and A2: - 4 digits to display up to 4,000 measurement points, - 3 decimal points for the different display ranges. 4
5 1 position of the phase conductor 12 "object" number for storage 2 auxiliary earth rod detected 13 main display unit A1 3 measurement smoothed for display 14 measurement without triggering of residual current differentials (RCD) (low power signal) 4 audible buzzer activated 15 measurement with triggering of RCD (full power level) 5 communication in progress (serial link) 16 alarm function activated or display of an alarm threshold 6 battery charge level 17 secondary function activated 7 Auto standby function deactivated 18 type of quantity displayed 8 level of memory use 19 selective measurement 9 reading/recording in memory 20 "WARNING" indicator (if it appears, refer to the manual) 10 secondary display unit A2 21 compensation of measuring cables activated 11 "test" number for storage 1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Temperature : %RH (without cond.) : 1.2 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS GENERAL The instrument complies with the following standards: EN , NF EN : parts 1, 3, 5 and part 10, EN 60529, EN / UL SAFETY The instrument complies with the requirements of standards EN and EN 61557, i.e. : - service voltage: 550 V, - measurement category: III with double insulation, - level of pollution: ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY The device is in conformity with standard IEC : Emissions : Requirements on class B equipment. Immunity : Requirements on equipment used in discontinuous operation on industrial sites. 1.3 POWER SUPPLY Power supply : Service conditions: -10 to +55 C - storage and transport (without batteries): -40 to +70 C. Service conditions: 85% max. - storage and transport (without batteries): 90% max. Tightness : IP54 as per standard NF EN LR6 1.5V alkaline batteries; they can be replaced by rechargeable sealed batteries having a capacity of at least 1,800 mah. Battery life : 30 hours or approximately : - 10,000 loop measurements or under voltage earth measurements - 1,000 earth measurements (2P/3P) during 30 seconds - 30,000 voltage or current measurements during 5 seconds. 5
6 2. DESCRIPTION Preliminary remarks : Several types of action are possible on each key of the keypad, depending on whether the user presses the key briefly (short press, < 2s, validated by a beep) or at length (long press, > 2s, validated by a beep having a tone different from that of the beep emitted for a short press). In what follows, these different actions are symbolized as follows: for a short press on the key in question for a press > 2s on the key in question
7 1 8 WAY ROTARY SWITCH : - OFF : instrument off - 3P : earth measurement with 2 auxiliary rods - 2P : AC or earth coupling resistance measurement - REARTH / : earth measurement in a live condition, with one auxiliary rod (selective earth if clamp connected) - ZLOOP : loop impedance measurement with 3 wires (high or low current), between phase (L) and earth (PE) - ZLINE : loop impedance measurement with 2 wires (high current only), between two phases or between phase and neutral - : current measurement - SET-UP : configuration of the instrument Set the switch to OFF when the instrument is not in use 2 7-KEY KEYPAD : The functions of the various keys are as follows for all the settings of the switch EXCEPT the SET-UP position (see 3.2). Touche 2 nd : 2 nd 2 nd + press on other key => access the secondary function of the key in question (written in yellow italics below each key) => display the current time and date as long as the key is kept pressed Touche TEST / SMOOTH : TEST TEST 2 nd + TEST SMOOTH => start/stop a measurement (except for voltage and current measurements, which are made directly) and exit from the error mode => compensation of the measuring cables. => smooth the measurement (SMOOTH mode) Touche / ALARM : 2 nd + ALARM => display the measurements and/or complementary calculations of a function, possibly in association with the key. => activate/deactivate the "alarm" function. Touche : => display the measurements and/or complementary calculations of a function, possibly in association with the key. 7
8 MEM or 2 nd + MEM 2 nd MR or + PRINT + => select the memory block (OBJ) or line (TEST) for storage, retrieval on screen, or printing PRINT MEM 2 nd +. => switch the backlighting of the display unit on/off Key : or 2 nd + MEM 2 nd MEM MR or + PRINT PRINT MEM + 2 nd + + with the switch set to ZLOOP and/or ZLINE: => select the type of measurement ("tripping" or "non-tripping" mode ) => increment the value of the memory block (OBJ) or line (TEST) => decrement the value of the memory block (OBJ) or line TEST) Key MEM / MR : MEM + MEM => store a measurement and all information linked to it. 2 nd + MR MEM => display stored measurements. Key PRINT (PRINT MEM) : PRINT 2 nd + PRINT PRINT MEM => print the last measurement made => print the selected part of the memory (part or all) 8
9 3 BACKLIT LCD DISPLAY UNIT 4 OPTICAL SERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERFACE 5 SAFETY INPUT TERMINALS, dia. 4mm, marked L, N, PE and P (terminal used for earth measurements in a live condition). maximum voltage with respect to earth = 550 V 6 MARKED SOCKET FOR THE CONNECTION OF A CURRENT CLAMP 3. GENERAL USE The measurements are made directly (voltage, frequency, and current if a clamp is connected) or by pressing the TEST key. Voltage and/or frequency measurements are accessible in all "active" settings of the switch. 3.1 AUTOMATIC CHECKS POSITION OF PHASE (MAINS SOCKET) CHECK Upon connection, the instrument measures the voltages between conductors "L" and "N" (ULN), between conductors "L" and "PE"(ULPE), between conductors "N" and "PE" (UNPE), and between the voltage probe - if a rod is connected to the terminal P - and conductor "PE". The conductor that has the highest potential is taken to be the phase, designated by the letter "L" and identified by one of the following displays : Or The measuring cable supplied with the instrument bears a white mark making it possible to determine the position of the phase on the mains socket. The instrument also determines the frequency for any frequency 15.3 or DC THE PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR (PE) CHECK In a loop measurement (ZLOOP) or an earth measurement in a live condition (REARTH), when the TEST key is pressed, the instrument first measures the potential difference UC between the local earth (user's potential, via the TEST key) and the "PE" terminal. If UC > UL, where UL is the limit contact voltage (UL = 25 or 50 V : see 3.2 : SET-UP), the instrument indicates that it is impossible to make a measurement. If a measurement is triggered, the instrument then monitors voltage U NPE : if it increases by more than 20 V, the instrument stops the measurement and reports an error. Pressing the TEST key again causes a return to voltage measurement mode. In a loop measurement with 2 wires (ZLINE position), measurement of the potential between the earth and the "PE" conductor is omitted 9
10 3.1.3 MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS CHECK or a measurement to be authorized, in addition to the above two checks (determination of the position of the phase and of the voltage of the PE conductor), the following conditions must be satisfied: - ULN, ULPE and UNPE < 550 V, - voltage: f < 450; current: 20 < f < 450, - loop or earth measurements in live condition: f = 15,3 to 65, - correct connection of the measuring cables (terminals connected and not interchanged). Toute interdiction de mesure est accompagnée d'un message d'erreur (voir 7), d'un bip d'erreur et de l'affichage clignotant du symbole. 3.2 INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION (SET-UP) => Set the rotary switch to the SET-UP position. The parameter or value configured is validated upon return to the "PUSH btn" screen. Warning: if the switch is turned before the return to the "PUSH btn" screen, the modified data are lost. The table below indicates the various parameters that can be configured and their programming sequence. Remark: generally, changes from "ON" to "OFF" and/or changes of the values of the parameters are effected using the key. Parameter Presses Values Default values Time / Date Type of power supply Activate/deactivate automatic shutdown 2 nd 2 nd + MEM successive + 2 nd + 2x Euro (JJ/MM) US (MM/JJ) AAAA HH:MM batt nimh on OFF User adjustable batt on Automatic shutdown time 2 nd + 3x 01 to 59 mm 5mn Activate/deactivate the buzzer Display the internal parameters of the instrument 2 nd + successive on OFF serial no. software version date of calibration LCD screen on Number of measurements in "SMOOTH" mode 2 nd + TEST 2 to 5 3 Printing of configuration PRINT Printer configuration (data rate) 2 nd + PRINT 300 to 9600 bauds 9600 Default configuration TEST + TEST see
11 Parameter Presses Values Default values Erase memory (totally or partially) MEM see 3.6 Reference voltage for the calculation of Ik x2 see voltage measured Value of the low current ITEST in "non-tripping" measurement x3 6,9 or 12 ma see ma Threshold voltag UL x4 25 or 50 V 50 V Alarms : Earth resistance threshold 2 nd + see Loop resistance or impedance threshold Measured current threshold 2 nd + x2 2 nd + x3 see see RESTORING THE DEFAULT CONFIGURATION This can be used to restore the delivery configuration. In SET- UP position: PUSH btn TEST dflt TEST for validation and programming of the default configuration PUSH btn 3.3 COMPENSATION OF THE LEADS The leads must be compensated for measurements of low loop and earth resistance values, in order to make the measurements more accurate. If a compensation already exists, the symbol is displayed. To view the compensation values, use the and keys. 11
12 3.3.1 APPLYING A COMPENSATION Set the switch to one the LOOP/RCD positions. Connect one end of the three-conductor cord terminated by 3 leads to the device. Short-circuit the 3 leads. In the case of a mains outlet, connect the two earth pins with the earth pins with leads. Perform a long press on the TEST button. During the measurement, the device displays "LEAd" and the symbol, and the dashes blink. At the end of the measurement, the key is used to view the values of R L, R N and R PE WITHDRAW A COMPENSATION Set the switch to one of the LOOP/RCD positions. Connect nothing to the terminals, or leave the leads open. Then perform a long press on the TEST button. During the measurement, the device displays "LEAd" and the To exit from compensation of the leads, perform a second long press on the TEST key. If the compensation of the leads is effective, the symbol is lit steadily. symbol and the dashes blink. If the compensation has not been performed, the symbol is not displayed and the compensation values are zero. At the end of the measurement, the device reports that the result found is greater than 5 Ω and withdraws the compensation of the leads. For exit from compensation of the leads, perform a second long press on the TEST key POSSIBLE ERROR MESSAGES Display - Indication Remark - Possible cause U xy > 2V The voltage on the terminals exceeds 2 V. Check your connections. > 5Ω The measured resistance of the leads is greater than 5 Ω. If this is not intentional, to withdraw the compensation, check your connections. 12
13 3.4 RECORDING MEASUREMENT RESULTS (MEM) IMPORTANT - Each measurement stored in the instrument is identified by 2 indices: an OBJ no. and a TEST no.; a given object (OBJ) generally contains several TEST nos. For example: an OBJ no. can be used to locate an installation, and the TEST nos. identify the various measurements made on this installation. At any time, the user can store the result of a measurement and all of the parameters associated with the measurement: date, time, type of measurement, measurement parameters, etc. The location proposed by default is the first free memory location. measurement to be stored MEM OBJ TEST FrEE (1) selection of storage address using the following keys : and mesure mémorisée storage at the selected address (2) 1) "FrEE": the selected memory location is free / "OCC": the selected memory location is occupied (2) whether the location selected is occupied or not (previously recorded values are overwritten) Note : Up to 100 measurements can be stored (e.g. 10 objects each having 10 tests, or any other combination). 3.5 RECALLING RECORDED VALUES (MR) 2 nd + MEM MR The group of measurements (OBJ) and the measurement (TEST) to be retrieved on the display unit are selected using the and keys. 13
14 3.6 ERASING RECORDED VALUES The memory of the instrument can be erased, totally or partially, in the SET-UP rotary switch position: Complete Erasure of a memory block Erasure of a memory line erasure of the (OBJ) (TEST) memory PUSH btn PUSH btn PUSH btn MEM CLr ALL MEM MEM CLr ALL MEM MEM CLr ALL MEM X 2 MEM FrEE ALL MEM OBJ TEST OCC MEM MEM Select the memory block (OBJ) to erase OBJ TEST OCC MEM MEM Select the memory line TEST to erase PUSH btn OBJ TEST FrEE MEM OBJ TEST FrEE MEM PUSH btn PUSH btn 14
15 3.7 PRINTING MEASUREMENT RESULTS (PRINT) PRINT : print the measurement made and all of the parameters attached to it. Examples of printing tickets: Remark : In the SET-UP position, pressing the PRINT key triggers printing of the configuration of the instrument. 3.8 PRINTING RECORDED VALUES (PRINT MEM) Recorded values can be printed with the switch in any position except SET-UP or OFF. PRINT MEM 2 nd + PRINT : 1 st memory location used : last memory location used to select the values to be printed PRINT Printing of all measurements between he 1st and last memory location selected 15
16 4. MEASUREMENTS 4.1 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION Voltage measurement is accessible with the switch in any position except SET-UP or OFF PREPARATION OF THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION) => Switch the instrument on => Connect the instrument to the installation using the measuring cable terminated by a mains plug, or => Use the separate cables to make the connection MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE Once connected, the instrument indicates any voltage(s) present on its terminals. Do not use the instrument on an electrical installation exceeding 550 V with respect to earth MEASUREMENT RESULTS The measured values and complementary results can be consulted directly using the and Keys, whatever the setting of the switch. Parameters accessible in the 3P: Initial display Initial display U HE (1 st press) R E ALARM (2 nd press) R E U SE R E ALARM R E Pressing the or key once more returns to the initial display. Parameters accessible in the 2P: Initial display Initial display U HE (1 st press) R E ALARM (2 nd press) R E Pressing the key once more causes a return to the initial display. 16
17 Parameters accessible in the REarth setting: Initial display (1 st press) (2 nd press) Initial display ULN RA ALARM ---- R L UL (1 st press) (2 nd press) (3 nd press) ULPE UNPE UP RA ALARM ---- RA ALARM ---- RA ALARM ---- R PE UL R N UL ---- UL Pressing the or key once more returns to the initial display. Parameters accessible in the ZLoop setting: Initial display (1 st press) (2 nd press) Initial dispaly UREF R L ULN ZL ALARM UL (1 st press) UREF R PE ULPE ZL ALARM UL (2 nd press) UNPE UREF ZL ALARM R N UL Pressing the or key once more returns to the initial display. Parameters accessible in the ZLine setting: Initial display (1 st press) (2 nd press) Initial dispaly UREF R L ULN ZL ALARM UL (1 st press) UREF R PE ULPE ZL ALARM UL (2 nd press) UNPE UREF ZL ALARM R N UL Pressing the or key once more returns to the initial display. 17
18 Parameters accessible in the current measurement setting: Initial display (1 st press) (2 nd press) Initial dispaly I ULN ---- IALARM (1 st press) I ULPE ---- IALARM (2 nd press) I UNPE ---- IALARM Pressing the or key once more returns to the initial display CHARACTERISTICS Measurement ranges and accuracy Frequency : the value displayed is guaranteed only for a voltage 10 VRMS (all settings of the switch except ) or, in the, position, for a current 100 marms Voltage measurements Measurements of the potential of the voltage probe Contact voltage measurement Frequency measurement Display range Specified measurement domain Accuracy Input impedance Operating frequency Specified measurement domain Accuracy Input impedance Operating frequency Display range Specified measurement domain Resolution Accuracy 400 V 4000 V V V V (DC or RMS) ± 4% ± 5 pt ± 2% ± 1 pt ± 2% ± 1 pt 440 kω DC and 15,3 à V ± 15% ± 2 pt (45 < freq. < 65) 4.5 MΩ in series with 4.7 nf 15,3 to ± 0,1% ± 1pt 18
19 Influencing conditions Influencing quanstities Temperature Relative humidity POwer supply voltage Frequency Series mode rejection in AC 50/60 series mode rejection in DC Common mode rejection in 50/60 AC Limits of the domain of use -10 à + 55 C 10 to 85 % HR at 45 C 6,8 to 10 V 15,3 to to 500 V DC Variation of the measurement Typical Maximum 1 %/10 C ± 1pt 2 %/10 C + 2pt 2 % 3 % + 2 pt 1 % / V + 1pt 2%/ V + 2pt 0,5% 1% 50dB 40dB 19
20 4.1.6 WARNINGS OR ERROR REPORTS Preliminary remark: The complete list of coded errors is given in 7. Display - Indication Remark - Possible cause(s) > 550V One of the voltages measured (N, PE, or U NPE ) is > 550V. <15.3 (or) >65 or 450 N (or) U (or) U NPE LPE N Frequency outside measurement domain (depends on type of measurement) N and PE reversed N not connected N not connected and L and PE reversed Er08 n PE In ZLINE position : Permutation, PE-L-N instead of L-N-PE HZ U NPE > 25 (or) 50V L and PE reversed Permutation, N-PE-L instead of L-N-PE Er02 L In ZLINE position : L and PE reversed Permutation, N-PE-L instead of L-N-PE Er03 L L not connected L not connected and N and PE reversed U NPE > 25 (or) 50V U NPE > (threshold voltage) U HE (or) U SE > 30V In 2P or 3P position: One of the voltages is > maximum allowed spurious voltage. U C > 25 (or) 50V In ZLOOP or REARTH position : Potential difference between the local earth and PE too high Press the TEST key to exit from the error conditions.. 20
21 4.2 2P AND 3P EARTH MEASUREMENT DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION 3P and 2P earth measurements are made in a power-off condition. The measurements are made with two auxiliary rods (3 poles) and one auxiliary rod (2 poles), respectively. Note however that measurements with 2 auxiliary rods are more accurate. Measurement in 3P mode: the instrument generates an alternating current square wave (128 ) between terminals H and E, then measures the voltage between terminals S and E: from this voltage and the current generated, it deduces global earthing resistance R E. Measurement in 2P mode: the instrument generates a signal between terminals H and E, measures the voltage on terminal H, and deduces resistance R E PREPARATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION) => In SET-UP, set the value of the no-load voltage generated by the instrument: = 50 V, or 25V in a damp environment (see 3.2). => If necessary, adjust the alarm, R E ALARM, in the SET-UP mode, PUSH btn 2 nd > direction of alarm (> or<) location of decimal point x3 setting of the values of each of the 4 digits, selected by successive presses on the keys PUSH btn activate the alarm by pressing the ALARM key and 2nd key after SET-UP exit. An overshoot of an alarm threshold during a measurement is indicated by a continuous audible signal compensate the measuring cables (see 3.3). 21
22 => Cut off power to the installation and disconnect the earth of the installation => Set the switch to 2P or 3P. => Then connect the measuring cables to the instrument and to the rods, complying with the following distances and connections (example of connection for 3P measurement). Remark : to be sure that rod S is located in a zone that is not influenced by other earth electrodes, move it ( 10% of the distance and repeat the measurement. The result must not change or just from few % MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE Press the TEST key. The instrument measures voltages U HE and U SE. If the measurement is possible, the instrument checks the resistances of rods S and H: if they are correct, the instrument makes the measurement and displays it. To make a 2P measurement, plant a single rod and connect the measuring cables to terminals H and E of the instrument. The measurement proceeds in the same way as a 3P measurement MEASUREMENT RESULTS After the measurement, the measured values and complementary results can be consulted using the and keys. (The quantities accessible before the measurement is made are described in 4.1.4) Parameters accessible in the 2P setting : Initial display (1 st press) (2 nd press) (3 nd press) Initial display R H R E H z U HE R E ALARM R E Pressing the key once more causes a return to the initial display. 22
23 Parameters accessible in the 3P setting : Initial display (1 st press) (2 nd press) (3 nd press) Initial display R H R E H z U HE R E ALARM R E R S R E Pressing the or key once more causes a return to the initial display. H z U SE R E ALARM R E CHARACTERISTICS MEASUREMENT RANGES AND ACCURACY Particular reference conditions : resistance of auxiliary earths < 100 Ω : resistance of the cable connected to terminal E of the instrument compensated The instrument automatically selects one of two,measurement currents according to the sum of Re and Rh as well as the set voltage limit. R H + R E 9 kω at 50V or R H + R E 4.5kΩ at 25V Measuring current = 5mA Display range 40Ω 400 Ω 4000 Ω Specified measurement domain Ω Ω Ω Accuracy ± 2% ± 5pt ± 2% ± 2pt Measuring current Max. acceptable resistance in the current loop 5 ma 8 kω (50 V) or 4 kω (25 V) R H + R E 9 k? at 50 V or R H + R E 4,5 k? at 25 V Measuring current = 500 µa Display range 400 Ω 4000 Ω kω Specified measurement domain Ω Ω kω Accuracy ± 2% ± 5pt ± 2% ± 2 pt Measuring current 500 µa Max. acceptable resistance in the current loop 45 kω Maximum acceptable resistance in the voltage loop Frequency No-load voltage Accuracy of rod resistance measurements Common characteristics 50 kω V or 50 V 5% + 5pt 23
24 Influencing conditions Influencing quantities Limits of the domain of use Variation of the measurement Typical Maximum Temperature -10 to + 55 C 1%/10 C ± 1pt 2%/10 C + 2pt Relative humidity 10 to 85% RH at 45 C 2% 3% + 2 pt Power supply voltage 6.8 to 10 V 1% / V ± 1pt 2%/ V + 2pt Voltage in series in the voltage measurement loop (S-E) Voltage in series in the current injection loop (H-E) Current loop rod resistance (R H ) Voltage loop rod resistance (R S ) 0 to 30 V from 15.3 to to 30 V from 15.3 to 450 Except at 128 ± 16 Except at to 50kΩ 0.5%/10kΩ + 0,015% R H 0 to 50kΩ 0.5%/10kΩ + 0,015% R S 0.2%/V + 1 pt 0.2%/V + 1 pt 1%/10kΩ + 0,015% R H 1%/10kΩ + 0,015% R S WARNINGS OR ERROR REPORTS (2P OR 3P EARTH MEASUREMENTS) Preliminary remark : he complete list of coded errors is given in 7 Display - Indication Remark - Possible cause (or) U HE OU U SE > 30V U HE or U SE is > 30V : the measurement is affected. Try to move rods H and S Er22 COMP - resistance on rods H or S too high, - or earth resistance too high, - or spurious voltages too high. Check the connections and the auxiliary rods. Press the TEST key to exit from the error conditions. If the value of R E is negative, it means that: - the rod resistances are too high, - or the spurious voltages are too high, - or the compensation of the cables is wrong. It must be done over with the cables actually used (see 3.3). 24
25 4.3 EARTH MEASUREMENT IN LIVE CONDITION (REARTH) DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION This measurement is made with a single auxiliary rod (voltage probe) connected to terminal (P), yielding a saving of time with respect to a conventional measurement with 2 auxiliary rods. A specific additional current clamp is necessary to make a selective earth measurement. he instrument automatically detects the connection of the voltage and current probes. When the TEST key is pressed, the instrument: - checks that the amplitude and frequency of the voltages present are correct, - checks the resistance of the auxiliary rod, - interchanges L and N internally if the 2 conductors are reversed in the socket, - measures the voltage between the TEST key and terminal PE, If these quantities are correct, the instrument generates, according to the user's selection, a high current ("tripping" mode ) or a low current ("non-tripping" mode on 30mA RCD or more) between terminals L and PE and measures the voltage drop between terminals P and PE. If the user selects measurement without tripping ( ), the current generated is low : the instrument measures R A (global earth resistance). Note : if, during a earth measurement at low current, a earth fault breaker in the circuit still trips, measure the leakage current with the current probe using the "current measurement" function of the instrument, then change the measuring current I TEST (see 4.2.2) with allowance for this leakage current. Otherwise, shortcircuit the circuit-breaker concerned and make the next measurement at high current for greater accuracy. If the user has selected measurement with tripping (or if they have connected the current probe to make a selective measurement), the current generated is high ( ): arrangements may have to be made to prevent the earth fault breaker from tripping (e.g. temporary shunting of the breaker). The instrumen measures Z A (the global earthing impedance), R A and L A (the resistive and inductive parts of Z A ). Remarks: - If the user selects measurement without tripping ( ) and connects a current probe, the instrument reverts to measurement with tripping and reports the change. - If the user connects the current probe, it is the current measured by this probe that is used to calculate R A. The lower this current, the more unstable the measurement is likely to be: in this case, smooth the measurement using the "SMOOTH" function PREPARATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION) The instrument must be connected to the network in a live condition and the earth electrode to be measured must not be disconnected. => If necessary, set, in the SET-UP mode : (see 3.2), 25
26 the current generated for the measurement at low current : PUSH btn x5 I n 12 ma Selection of current twice to exit from programming PUSH btn The type of compensation of the measuring cables (see 3.3) the alarm threshold Z A or R A : the number of measurements to be counted to smooth the measurement (see 3.2). => Set the switch to the REARTH position, => Activate the alarm by pressing the ALARM key, => Select the measuring current: press + 2 nd => high ( ) for a greater accuracy: - if there is no tripping of a earth fault breaker (measurement made upstream of the RCDs), - if the earth fault breaker concerned is short-circuited for greater accuracy, - in the case of a selective measurement using a current probe. => low ( ) for a quick check : => Make the connections as indicated below, according to the type of installation to be checked. => Compensate the measuring cables (see 3.3), Case of an installation with a TT type neutral situation : => Connect the mains socket (or the 3 separate cables) to the installation to be tested, => Plant the auxiliary rod at a distance > 25 m from the earth electrode. 26
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Data from: Inbreeding depression in urban environments of the bird's nest fungus Cyathus stercoreus (Nidulariaceae: Basidiomycota)
Date Published: October 17, 2012
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0h054
Content in the Dryad Digital Repository is offered "as is." By downloading files, you agree to the Dryad Terms of Service. To the extent possible under law, the authors have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this data.
|10 microsatellite locus dataset in Genepop format
|20 times
|File contains clone corrected dataset of microsatellite genotypes divided into the six populations used in the publication. Alleles are represented in three digit format, and missing data is represented by 000000.
|cyathus_final_genepop.txt (5.207 Kb)
|View File Details
When using this data, please cite the original publication:
Additionally, please cite the Dryad data package:
We encourage organizations to:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(via Engadget RSS Feed)
Apple has come a long, long way in its attitude toward NFC. The company seemingly went out of its way to avoid the short-range wireless tech for years after others embraced it, but it quickly became one of the biggest users last year thanks to Apple Pay. And now, it's ready to guide the standard's future — the company has joined the top ranks of the NFC Forum, giving it the same level of influence as the likes of Google, Intel and Samsung, among others. Clearly, Apple isn't having regrets about welcoming NFC with open arms.
Filed under:
Cellphones, Mobile, Apple
Via: AppleInsider
Tags: apple, iphone, mobilepayments, mobilepostcross, nfc, nfcforum, payment, smartphone
Complete story at source: Engadget RSS Feed
More fresh stories at http://radudee2…


text: Vogue Couturier Pattern 239; ca. 1930s; Exclusive design created in Paris - MISSES' ONE-PIECE FROCK AND JACKET. Cinema or informal dinner ensemble features interesting draped sleeves on the blouse. Shaped bands outline the armholes in raglan line. Fullness on blouse front above point. Bias skirt in about ankle length is attached to an underbodice. Blouse is attached to skirt and underbodice. Unlined waist length jacket has short circular raglan sleeves. Plastron fronts overlap and button at neck and waistline.


text:
pink is rugged
you would have to know the story behind it to get the real point
what the fuck? dont tell me he uses that to bomb, cuz thats what it looks like.Originally posted by sika_2002@Dec 4 2004, 01:09 PM
infamous one's stash, hes image host aint working
HHAHAH, to whoever said i want molotow cans for bombing. no there for peiceing, and you dont even need them for peicing. and casone, no mtn hardcore isnt "for obmbing". use reaglar paint damn. i counted, thats atleast 135 dollars woth of belton, and that is at 5 bucks a tin, the lowest belton sells for is 5.50 so dont say you racked that shit, you can see the bozes in the backround. and whay would you get such lame colors? you could get ALL of those colors in rusto and krylon etcetera.
um i didnt say they were?
G/R/A/F/F/I/T/I....my anti drug
why in the world would you buy black belton, black is black...
G/R/A/F/F/I/T/I....my anti drug
beltons are low pressue and there fuckin great and as for scrawl pens.....they suck fuckin ass....the flowpen is the shit though
if you think your the shit, your NOT the shit -stash
denali u can kiss my asian ass boyeeeee
G/R/A/F/F/I/T/I....my anti drug
how many of those are full^^^^
daam you guys have alot of shit.
when i go out i only have an OTR baby blue and an Pilot Jumbo marker.
And ofcourse my own built skrach master
i jus got my belton all cans are for peices and stuff. He didnt ave some of the right colours so he gave me a scrawl pen, some otr flopen ink and a mini otr 160 paint marker. I cant remember if i ordered a flowpen but i got one of them aswell not sure if he gave it to me or if i bought it. The black caps are pro skinnys i think there like german oulines but for belton. Here it all is anyway........
site-photography.co .uk
Please Visit^^
nice beltons, i like the sport theme border in your room. :lol:
well put oblong.
thats what is all about, painting because you want to paint.
i agree with the black is black thing, but when i bought montana n didnt have any outline colors, i was pretty regretful of not gettin blacks..


text:
Hideoshi Wayne was a Solarian citizen and an officer of the Solarian League Navy's Frontier Fleet.
Holding the rank of Captain in 1922 PD, he served as Commodore Francis Thurgood's chief of staff for the Madras Sector Detachment. He was captured along with the rest of Thurgood's staff when the Royal Manticoran Navy invaded the Meyers System in the early days of the Solarian-Manticoran War. (HH14)


text:
Summary of Season 1 (2005) - 6 discs
An award-winning anime series, Mushi-Shi brings the viewer into a dreamlike world where ghostly organisms called Mushi hover on the borders of perception. Neither plants nor animals, Mushi are primal life forms that can be seen only by some humans -- including Mushi master Ginko. He roams the earth in an effort to learn more about these strange beings, along the way helping people who've experienced the Mushi's supernatural effects.
Show Details
- This show is
- Imaginative, Scary


text:
Yet another sneaker-related killing.
Police are hunting for a sneakerhead suspect who they believe shot and killed another man over a pair of retro Air Jordans. Donald Proudfoot, 28, allegedly shot and killed Sam Cosmore, 46, at a Brooklyn barbecue on Tuesday.
It is believed that the two got into a heated argument over the sneakers before Cosmore was killed, though it's unclear which one of the two was actually wearing the sneakers and what they were specifically arguing about.
Police believe that Proudfoot fired multiple shots into the victim's chest and that Cosmore died shortly after, as police found his lifeless body in the street a block away from the barbecue. He was rushed to a nearby hospital but succumbed to his wounds. Police sources told the New York Post that the believed Cosmore had left the bbq to try to get help before he collapsed.
NYPD Chief of Detectives Robert Boyce told the New York Daily News, "We believe it's over something about a pair of Air Jordan sneakers." Adding, "We don't know what happened with it."
This is not the first time police have pinned sneaker-related crimes to Proudfoot, saying that he was also arrested in November of this year for beating up his girlfriend and stealing retro black and red Jordans.
He also stole cash and three cellphones and allegedly choked his girlfriend before slamming her into a wall.
Incidents like these are what forced one man to take his prized Jordans and set them ablaze to protest the violence that they have created in the past.
(Photo: Jessica Rinaldi for The Boston Globe via Getty Images)


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Periodically change desktop background image in Windows. Changes can be set to occur every 1 minute, 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc. This application sits in the system tray, at the bottom right corner of the screen.
ArcGIS for Desktop Background Geoprocessing Oracle Geodatabase Object Schema Update and Editing Patch is a program that resolves a critical issue where users are unable to create new feature classes or modify their existing schema on Oracle geodatabases.
ArcGIS SP 1 for Desktop Background Geoprocessing is a free service pack that requires the previous installation of ArcGIS 10.1 SP1 for Desktop. It allows you to stay productive within ArcMap and ArcCatalog as the geoprocessing task executes in another process. All scripts, models and tools which execute in the background will use a 64-bit process.
This is a program that will place an animated screensaver on your desktop. This way, you will see an animated Christmas scene each time your computer becomes idle. The camera will come closer to house, decorated with Christmas lights, while the snow falls and you hear an appropriate music from your computer´s speakers.
Cute Kitties Screensaver is a nice screensaver that displays images of cats of different breeds, sizes and colors. The screensaver includes lots of images of cats playing, resting or just posing for the picture. The images can be displayed in sequential or random order and they will be shown with a different transition effect that you can customize from the Settings menu.
Winamp Wallpaper is very interesting software that can put any image file as the album art cover in winamp.
This software can automatically search for an image of the album in the folder associated with that song, and show it as your desktop wallpaper.
Image files viewer (viewing images in original size or in fit-1D or fit-2D modes. Slide show with forward/reverse/random sequencing features. Autoscrolling big images in slide show. Changing desktop background to any image, centered, resized or tiled. Printing images with resizing and gamma correction features. Scanning images by Twain devices. Support for the most popular image formats)
and converter (support for many graphics file types like JPG,TIFF,TGA,BMP,GIF), image editor (load, save, copy, paste, paste over, print, crop,scale,resize,Add noise - additive, diffusive, mosaic, applying and editing of matrix filters, Color channels - RGB, YUV, YCbCr, CMY, HSL, channel-mixer.
Attractive top clock Live Animated Wallpaper StrikePill is a free, fun and enjoyable wallpaper for windows. Attractive top clock provide unusual presentation of time which involves into interesting fascinating game in real world. This wallpaper is interactive and your desktop background will look amazing
RDC Manager is a free Windows utility developed by Microsoft in order to help you manage multiple remote desktop connections. It's been developed for Terminal Services clients and it's suitable for servers' labs where the user may remotely access specific numbers of computers. It will work on all Windows operating systems.
By default the Windows 7 Starter and Windows 7 Home Basic editions do not include the Personalization features such as change desktop background and Desktop Slideshow.
By default, the Windows 7 Home Basic edition will only allow you to change the desktop background by right clicking on a image and clicking on Set as desktop background.
Active Desktop Calendar shows a calendar in the desktop background. We can also add notes, tasks, alarms, and contacts. The icons, fonts, colors, etc. can be customized. The program includes calendars with holidays. Monitor systems are supported. The calendar can be synchronized with Outlook and Google.
Animated Desktop Wallpaper Starfield is an astronomy themed desktop background for Windows PCs that gives off the effect of a starry night sky. You can change the underlying wallpaper while keeping the star animations. It shows stars moving in front of shades of blue and purple.
This animated wallpaper and screensaver combo lets you have a winter image in your desktop regardless of the actual season of the year. It shows snowflakes falling from above and covering your desktop's wallpaper. If you use the screensaver function, you can choose among 10 different background images over which the animated effect will show.
DreamScene Seven allows you to set video wallpaper in .wmv or .mpeg format as a desktop background in Windows 7. After the program is installed, a new item "Set as Desktop Background" will appear in the Video File Context Menu, with the help of which it can be set as a desktop background.
With Animated Wallpaper Maker you can turn your favorite photo or picture into an animated wallpaper in just a few clicks. You can choose from a wide array of animations and movable objects, customize the way those animations are presented, and even add a soundtrack to your creation. The program comes with various predefined animations to help you pick some ideas.
John's Background Switcher automates the process of displaying desktop backgrounds. It is a small and intuitive application that can take pictures from different sources and show them as wallpapers. After an initial setup, the application will run hidden in the system tray. Moreover, you can click its icon there to change settings or browse through the different backgrounds.
For all those of you who enjoy the underwater world and the dolphins, 3Planesoft comes with a very attractive package: an animated 3D screensaver and wallpaper who will dive you in the deepest oceans. Your computer will turn into an aquarium full of nice dolphins, colored fish and coral reefs.
Dream-Rain Animated Desktop Wallpaper provides you with a very simple way to replace your static and boring desktop background with a smoothly animated dream-rain. It brings you movie-like special effects that will enhance your desktop background, making it more alive.


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Misogyny is sexist primarily against women. Misogyny is a type of discrimination against women. If someone hates someone who happens to be a woman, that does not make them a misogynist. In the same way, if someone hates someone who happens to be black, that does not make them a racist. However, if someone hates someone because they are black, or hates them because they are a woman, that makes them a racist of misogynist.
Women looking after childrenEdit
In most families the mother plays a bigger part in looking after the Children than the father. This happens in all Human societies across cultures and is Biologically based. In all species of Mammals the mother cares for the offspring. Women's role looking after children is no reason to denigrate women, women are doing vital work raising the next generation and should get respect for this. In reality misogynistic men look down on women for their work with children, women are imagined as inferior when they take time off work because they are Pregnant or when they need time off work to care for a sick child. Employers too often assume it is right to discriminate against women workers because of their obligations to the next generation. Such discrimination should be illegal.
See alsoEdit
External linksEdit
- What is Misogyny?
- Misogyny RationalWiki on Misogyny


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High School it was nice knowing you!
I GRADUATE GUYS!! Im so happy! I'm going to miss all of my friends! now for summer
going to draw A LOT i see you guys ship Tokka? xD i got a lot of responses on my last Tokka drawing.
Thank you so much for liking my drawings even tho they aren't amazing but I'm glad you enjoy them!
thanks x
- Listening to: Gold Rush by Ed Sheeran
- Reading: The Fallout (dramione)
- Watching: The Legend of Korra, Adventure Time and TBBT
- Eating: Nutella
- Drinking: water
Finally OVER by annoguerasWatch
©2012-2017 annogueras


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Today, I bought an expensive razor that's supposed to be great. My roommate asked if she could borrow it, and as her legs just looked like they needed touching up, I said sure. After a strangely long amount of time, she came back, thanked me and left. Her legs were still hairy. FML
Profile completedYou've filled out the necessary details. Having done so will be much appreciated.
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The rules are the rulesReading the comment rules is a really good idea. This badge is sponsored by Alan, our moderator.
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I moderated this!In "Moderate the FMLs", you voted Yes on a story that was subsequently published. Well done!
Up and coming moderatorIt's nice of you to help us sort out the submissions, using FML's moderate feature.
Who's the fairest of them all?This is now the third time you've changed your profile pic.
I agree, my mouse works.200 "I agree" votes is a good start.
It's in the can!Hey, you uploaded your photo, and you're cute as a kitten!
Consolation prizeYour FML was denied. We had to at least give you a badge to cheer you up a bit.
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The return of the thumbYou have thumbed 5000 comments.3%
The thumb strikes backYou have left your thumbprint on 2500 comments.6%
100 kick-ass comments100 of your comments are neither buried or moderated. Popular is your middle name!28%
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50 quality commentsClicking to reply to a comment is a worthy thing to do. To do so without getting buried afterwards is even worthier.32%
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One more and it's business timeYou've received 68 Hugs on your profile. Kinky.1%
Today, I threw a birthday party for my boyfriend. As a joke, my friend and I served him non-alcoholic beer to see how he'd react. After a while, he faked being drunk, using it as an excuse after I caught him making out with one of my so-called "friends". FML
Today, whilst driving past a cyclist, I thought it would be funny to make him jump by blasting my horn right behind him and then driving off. I guess he thought it would be funny to catch up with me, yank off my wing-mirror, and hurl it through the open window at my face. FML
Today, I was dancing in the passenger seat of my car with my family when a cop pulled us over. He thought I was trying to flag him down for help. I guess I'm not as good of a dancer as I thought. FML
Today, I learned if you type my full name in Google Images, the 3rd thing that comes up is a naked woman in ropes. Someone on Pornhub thought it was smart to comment that the girl looks just like me. She does. Now my parents think I'm a porn star, and most people at school stopped talking to me. FML


text:
How Kid's Sandbox Play Develops Motor Expertise
The price you incur to hire the fortress is without doubt one of the most important issue it's best to take into account whereas renting this for the party. On the day, a uniformed leaping citadel operator will arrive at your home earlier than the scheduled begin time and will set every thing up for you, together my company with briefing you on how to benefit from the fortress safely. One good technique to get a list of corporations in your area is to kind 'bouncy fort hire' and your city/city name into Google. One the optimistic facet though, a bouncy citadel enterprise might not appear as costly as different businesses.
Depending whether your youngsters are adventurous, considering animals and nature, or just completely satisfied to play in the water all day will assist read this articleyou to choose one of the best for them to have interaction in. Talk together with your youngsters about what they want to see and do while in Akumal, and try to oblige not less than one exercise that even the youngsters want to do.
Of course you don't have to expand, however if you wish to then consider going for variety: differing kinds, shapes, colors of bouncy castle and inflatable - and don't forget accessories, like slides for castles. OK, Now let us imagine:If you are busy setting off your inflatable slide or citadel combo, but your authentic blower would not work. Once you begin to obtain bookings in your inflatables, it will be essential to have a very good system for maintaining your rental agreements straight.
Buying a bouncy fort is not low cost, so you'll need to be sure that any money spent is money spent correctly. Name right this moment to investigate additional, our Jumping Castles are available in the Traralgon area three hundred and sixty five days per 12 months. Name us at present and decide your little one will thanks for with a beaming smile once they see us arrive and setup their own chosen leaping castle. Fortress Child Leaping Castles will always deliver an excellent customer service experience.
Newcastle Leaping Fort Hire, Maitland Jumping Citadel Hire, Jumping Castles Newcastle, Leaping Castles Maitland, Leaping Castles Cessnock, Jumping Castles Singleton. No occasion involving children can generate the same click now sort of excitement and enjoyable as those that have jumping castles in them. Nothing within the present times excites the kids greater than leaping up and down within the inflatable bouncers.


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How to Beat the Heat + Summer Wardrobe Essentials
Posted on Jun 03, 2012
Melanie Elturk
With record-breaking heat indexes before the official start of Summer, we're gearing up for a long, hot Summer! Read on for our tips on How to Beat the Heat and Haute Hijab's Summer Wardrobe Essentials to keep you cool until Fall.
1) Wear breathable, natural fabrics - natural fibers are key. Avoid synthetic fabrics and stick to cottons, linen and silk. Be careful with lightweight fabrics - although silk feels like nothing on your skin, if you're likely to sweat, it will show. Prints are more likely to cover up unsightly spots.
2) Avoid layering - as a hijab wearing woman, you've likely mastered the art of layering, so if you must layer, stick to cotton tees. Long sleeve knee-length dresses, silk tops and tunics are great options to avoid the bulk.
3) Stay away from tight clothing - not only is tight clothing immodest, it also makes you very hot. Give your skinnies a break and stick to loose, flowing fabrics. Maxi dresses, long flowy skirts and palazzo pants are excellent choices.
4) Choose a lightweight hijab - if you wear an undercap under your hijab, be sure it's 100% cotton. Save your satins and other thicker fabrics for cooler days. Stick to simple styles and the fewer pins the better. Make sure your hair is pinned up under your hijab to keep cool.
5) Stay protected - the best piece of advice is to make sure you're drinking lots of water. Keep face wipes with you to freshen up during the day. Also be sure to protect your eyes from the sun with sunglasses that shield UV rays in addition to applying SPF daily. When the heat is at its peak, try to stay indoors or at least in the shade!
Have fun this Summer and if you have an idea for a How-To blog post, e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com!


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Auto Repair Services
I work at LKQ and Wrench-a-part junkyards. I can remove engines and transmissions and can also do the installation. The only thing I ask of you is to go to either one of the junkyards and find the engine or transmission you are looking for,make sure it's there,and then give me a call.


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The congregation of one of Louisiana's oldest Methodist churches, Bethel United Methodist, will celebrate its 200th anniversary on Sunday and a big crowd of former members, friends and relatives is expected.
From its humble beginnings as a rural, one-room, hand-hewn timber church served by circuit-riding preachers circa 1814, the small congregation now meets in a modern brick sanctuary, it's fifth building. It is served by the Rev. Gene Rives, who also pastors First United Methodist Church of Baker.
"Bethel is a very comfortable, multi-generational church," Rives said. "It is a very friendly congregation, and they are very welcoming."
At recent Sunday morning service, grandparents sat with their children, grandchildren and great grandchildren. Laverne Shaffer, 86, one of the church's oldest members, was with her daughter Sandra Jones, 62, and Jones' son, 31-year-old Jesse Jones. On the other side of Shaffer sat her granddaughter, Summer Shaffer Phenald, 28, holding her 2-year-old son, Casen Phenald.
"This church has been here as a shining light in this community for 200 years, and I have been coming here since 1951," Shaffer said with a bright smile.
Sandra Jones said she and her brother, Opie, Summer Phenald's father, grew up in the church in the 1950s and '60s and "it was a lot of fun. We had a lot of kids, we did a lot of Christmas programs, things like that."
Her son Jesse recalled, "We had all kinds of functions — playing hide-and-go-seek in the cemetery, Easter egg hunts. We're hoping to get some more members involved."
His cousin, Summer, smiled and added, "We played outside all the time, rolled down the hill out there. It's nice Brother Gene always encourages us to bring our kids because he says they bring life to the church."
Combined congregations
Rives has been pastor in Pride and Baker for 10 years. He preaches each Sunday at 9 a.m. at Bethel and at 11 a.m. in Baker, but he doesn't consider himself a "circuit-riding preacher." While both congregations are small — several dozen members each — they are one body, he said, similar to larger churches that have two Sunday morning services.
"What has been so amazing is that the leadership of Bethel church paired up with the leadership of Baker to make a joint effort in the Baker community that Baker could not have done by themselves and Bethel could not do by themselves in their community," said Rives.
Bethel worship leader and lifelong member Dale Jones, 74, also serves on the ministry staff at Baker UMC.
"We grew up here, my parents were very active in the church, in fact my mother was the oldest member at age 93 when she passed away," she said. "We've been here a long, long, long time."
Rulon G. Yarborough, 83, a longtime member and Sunday school teacher for 30 years, was sitting with his daughter, Karen Lewis Miguel, 52, who also grew up here.
"My four siblings and I were all raised here. Mom and dad were married here 55 years ago," Miguel said. "It was a big church. We had a big youth group. My mother and a nephew who died of SIDs, are buried in the cemetery."
The Yankees are coming
The church's cemetery is a testament to the history of the area. Along with the ancestors of current families, soldiers who fought on both sides of the Civil War are buried there, apparent casualties of an 1863 skirmish, part of a larger campaign that is now called Grierson's Raid by historians.
Grierson's 1,700-member Union cavalry was westbound on what is now La. 37 headed toward Baton Rouge when they encountered a Confederate encampment around the church property and cemetery, according to a historic booklet compiled by the church for its 175th anniversary.
A hand-hewn cabin had been replaced in 1832 with a simple frame structure that was surrounded by about 150 Confederate tents. Most of the Confederate soldiers were gone at the time, searching for Grierson's troops elsewhere.
"The church yard was occupied by Confederate troops under the command of Col. C.C. Wilbourne, CSA, when Col. Benjamin H. Grierson, Union Army, halted there on his wild ride from LaGrange, Tennessee, to aid Gen. Nathan Banks at Baton Rouge. Bethel Church was burned at dawn on Saturday, May 2, 1863," the church booklet reports.
An exact number of casualties is not reported, but Grierson said he destroyed the tents and seized a large amount of ammunition, guns and supplies "and immediately took the road to Baton Rouge."
John B. Powers, a church member who witnessed the burning, paid for a new building that served the congregation until it was destroyed by a storm in 1909, according to the booklet. By the 1940s, a fourth frame building was built and it was replaced with the current brick structures in the 1950s.
A current member who witnessed another burning is church historian and anniversary organizer Olive Campbell. She and other women were making preparations for the 1959 dedication service, she said, and some men were burning trash on an old tree that had fallen down out in the cemetery.
"They had just set the trash on fire when BOOM! the tree blew up!" Campbell said. "Apparently there were some live shells from the Civil War battle in it. We thought the Yankees were after us again!"


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Thanks! -- Betty Mills


text:
Background checks for individuals purchasing firearms increased in every state in December - and in 48 of the 50 states and in Washington, D.C. for full-year 2012 - according to data compiled by the FBI.
Compared to the total number of background checks completed from January through December of 2011 all but two states saw net increases in gun sales in 2012.
Utah reported a decline of 77.4%, and Iowa a decline of 17.9%.
Nationally, background checks were up 19.1% for 2012.
Washington D.C. saw the largest year-to-year increase with sales jumping 49.7%. Wisconsin followed with 45.4%, then New Jersey with 42.5%, New Hampshire with 40.9% and Rhode Island with 39.3%.
Each of the 50 States and Washington, D.C. saw an increase in background checks in the month of December 2012, with every state posting an increase of at least 12%.
The top five states that saw the largest December increases were as follows:
- Georgia, 66.3%
- Oregon, 63.1%
- New Hampshire, 60.7%
- Texas, 60.2%
- Montana, 58.3%
Nationally, background checks for the month of December were up 39% from last month.
Each time an individual purchases a firearm, the gun dealer must call the FBI to complete an instant criminal background check.
Enjoying your CNSNews.com article? The MRC is NOT funded by the government like NPR - but as a non-profit, your tax-free contribution will keep the MRC your conservative premiere Media Watchdog! Support us today by completing the form below. Enjoy your article!


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24 - 3 Final
No one has shouted yet.
Be the first!
Be the first!
Who You Got?
Colorado State
Related News
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- BYU quarterback Taysom Hill plans to return for final season Feb 16
- New BYU coaching staff pleased despite time constraints Feb 3
- Oregon QB sparkles, throwing 3 TD passes in East-West game Jan 23
- Ben Cahoon named BYU receivers coach Jan 20
- Colorado State WR Rashard Higgins jumps to NFL Jan 14
- Colorado State names Marty English as defensive coordinator Jan 8
- Former BYU assistant Holliday hired to coach Utah receivers Jan 6
- Heisman winner Detmer, Tuiaki, Lamb join BYU staff Jan 5


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NBA negotiation process: Meet, break up, meet again
This NBA labor movie is familiar.
Hints of progress emerge, leading to hope that the lockout, in its 119th day, will be resolved soon.
Then, collective bargaining negotiations break down and NBA executives and union leaders profess they are far apart on several issues.
The apt analogy right now is from Peanuts, the Charles Schultz cartoon. When Charlie Brown goes to kick a field goal, Lucy pulls the football away just as C. Brown goes to kick it.
Is that what will happen this time in the NBA?
Maybe, maybe not.
As much as NBA Commissioner David Stern and National Basketball Players Association president Derek Fisher admitted there was progress after Wednesday's 15-hour session ended in the wee hours of Thursday, they wouldn't gauge the amount of progress — nor did they say whatever progress was made means a deal is imminent.
"I would say there's no question that today was a better day than last Thursday," Deputy Commissioner Adam Silver told reporters in a Manhattan hotel around 4 a.m. Thursday. "I think it's too early, not just in the morning, but still in the negotiations to express confidence that we're at a deal. There's no question, though, that we did make progress on some significant issues. But there are still some very significant issues left."
Fisher said: "We can't say that major progress was made in any way, but there was some progress on some of our system issues. … We'll continue to work through as long as we possibly can and as hard as we possibly can to see if we can get a deal done. But we're not going to get ahead of ourselves at this point."
The sides resumed meeting Thursday shortly after 2 p.m. ET.
Guarded optimism with deliberate caution.
"There's no deal on anything unless there's a deal on everything," Stern said.
Plus, there was no discussion regarding the split of basketball-related income (BRI), which led to the breakdown in talks Oct. 20 with federal mediator George Cohen involved. Stern missed that bargaining session with the flu, leading him to joke, "I leave these guys alone for a little bit of time and all hell breaks loose."
The focus of the Wednesday/Thursday session was on system issues: the salary cap/luxury tax, the length of player contracts, annual player raises, exceptions to the salary cap (such as the mid-level player exception and Bird rights) and amnesty provisions which would allow clubs to waive a player without his salary counting against the salary cap.
It wouldn't be a surprise if progress was made on some issues. They were close enough on some two weeks ago that a compromise is plausible.
It's the salary cap/luxury tax system that is difficult to navigate. "Our luxury tax system and rates are a big part of our discussions," Fisher said.
The league wanted a hard salary cap with no exceptions to exceed it, but backed off that because players oppose a hard cap at all costs. However, the NBA is adamant in creating a system in which the discrepancy between the highest-spending and lowest-spending clubs is not in the $50 million-$70 million range. The league believes the smaller the spending game, the greater chance for increased competitive balance.
In the last CBA, clubs over the luxury threshold paid a dollar tax for each dollar over the salary cap. For example, the tax threshold was $70.3 million last season — and the Los Angeles Lakers' player payroll was $90.3 million. The Lakers' tax bill was $20 million, for a total of $110 million. The Sacramento Kings spent $44.3 million total on their player payroll.
Addressing players' concern about a hard cap with no exceptions, the league this month suggested a punitive tax system. It was an escalating tax system:
•For the first $5 million over the cap, a club would pay $1.75 for every dollar over;
•For the next $5 million over the cap, a club would pay $2.25 for every dollar over;
•For the next $5 million over the cap, a club would pay $2.75 for every dollar over;
•And for the next $5 million over the cap, a club would pay $3.25 for each dollar over.
Given the Lakers' $90 million payroll, that system would have amounted to a $50 million tax bill, a total of $140 million.
The union balked at the tax rate, arguing it served, in essence, as a hard cap and that even Lakers owner Jerry Buss would not pay it, especially as it is expected he will contribute more to the league's new revenue-sharing plan.
They sides are trying to find some common ground on that tax issue. But even if they find an agreement on that issue, that still leaves the split of BRI to negotiate.
The salary cap/luxury tax system won't work if the sides can't agree on the split. Last week, the owners fixed on a 50-50 split and the players hovered at 52.5%, a difference of about $100 million a season and $1 billion over the course of a 10-year deal.
Players received 57% of BRI last season. But with the league stating about $650 million in losses the past two seasons, it wants a greater share of the pie to not only break even but also to profit. Players have already conceded about $180 million annually, compared to last season, and feel they have addressed owners' economic concerns.
"Sometimes that's what makes it tough to really try to finalize the system in a complete way," Fisher said. "Because without knowing what the final split will be, sometimes it makes it tougher to work through a tax system."
Posted | Updated


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|Huawei <lihua...@live.cn>
|How does ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy work ?
|Thu, 05 Apr 2012 03:41:48 GMT
Hi, I'm trying to use ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy but can not quite understand how to use it. I'm using queue, there are 3 params that I can define for PrefetchPolicy: queuePrefetch, queueBrowserPrefetch, inputStreamPrefetch Actually I don't get the meaning of queueBrowserPrefetch and inputStreamPrefetch so I do not know how to use it. I searched a lot but did not get the answers I needed.. Thanks in advance, -- View this message in context: http://activemq.2283324.n4.nabble.com/How-does-ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy-work-tp4533915p4533915.html Sent from the ActiveMQ - User mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
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text:
Facing Our Loneliness
Everyone has lonely moments in life, but when loneliness begins to define our lives, it causes serious problems. We compromise our principles to try to fill the emotional emptiness. We choose behavior that harms our health, relationships, and finances. The consequences can be devastating. Learn how God desires to fulfill every longing you have for meaningful connection.
There is a lot of noise, lots of "religions" and beliefs out there to confuse anyone. But, Jesus is real. He loves you, He's ready to forgive you for all your sins and make your heart His dwelling place. Read about God's characteristics and attributes and get to know the real Jesus today.
How do I accept Jesus as my Savior?
How To Be Friends With God
Why believe in Christianity?
The Attributes of God
7 Good Reasons To Stop Looking at Porn Right Now
Discussion in 'Ethics & Morality' started by Chad, Jul 8, 2014.


text: Located in the US, the ATV trails in Utah offers over fifty ATV trail routes from which to choose. The best Utah ATV trails based on popularity are considered to be Paiute ATV Trail, Amasa Back Trail, Chicken Corners Trail, Red Canyon, and Murdock Basin ATV Trail System. For a detailed trail description and printable trailhead map, just select a Utah ATV trails trail below.


text: Non-Interest ExpenseNon-interest expense in the first quarter of 2013 totaled $12.7 million while non-interest expense totaled $7.4 million in the 2012 Successor Period and $3.2 million in the 2012 Predecessor Period. Expenses in the first quarter of 2013 were significantly impacted by merger and system conversion costs, which totaled $1.6 million. Such costs included professional fees and other expenses required to close the ECB merger as well as costs to convert ECB's data processing and other related activities to the Company's integrated platform. The Company expects to again incur significant merger and system conversion costs in the second quarter of 2013 as ECB's data processing conversion and re-branding was completed in April 2013. Additionally, salaries and employee benefits expense totaled $6.0 million, and occupancy and equipment expense totaled $1.5 million in the first quarter of 2013. Income Taxes The Company's income tax benefit in the first quarter of 2013 totaled $395 thousand, which represented a 32.9 percent effective tax rate on pre-tax losses. The effective tax rate was determined by the Company's blended federal and state statutory income tax rate adjusted primarily for non-taxable municipal investment income, earnings on bank-owned life insurance, and non-deductible merger costs. The Company recorded income tax expense in the 2012 Successor Period of $4 thousand and income tax expense of $270 thousand in the 2012 Predecessor Period associated with the pre-tax income in those periods. Based on the Company's analysis of positive and negative evidence regarding future realization of its deferred tax assets, which included an evaluation of historical and forecasted pre-tax earnings, net operating loss carryforward periods, merger costs and savings, asset quality trends, capital levels, and potential tax planning strategies, the Company determined that there was sufficient positive evidence to indicate that it would likely realize the full value of its deferred tax assets over time and therefore it was determined that no valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets was needed as of March 31, 2013.