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Sciatic lateral popliteal block with clonidine alone or clonidine plus 0.2% ropivacaine: effect on the intra-and postoperative analgesia for lower extremity surgery in children: a randomized prospective controlled study
The effect of adding clonidine to local anesthetics for nerve or plexus blocks remains unclear. Most of the studies in adults have demonstrated the positive effects of clonidine on intra- and postoperative analgesia when used as an adjunctive agent or in some cases as a single to regional techniques. In the pediatric population, there are only few trials involving clonidine as an adjunct to regional anesthesia, and the analgesic benefits are not definite in this group of patients. The evidence concerning perineural administration of clonidine is so far inconclusive in children, as different types and volume of local anesthetic agents have been used in these studies. Moreover, the efficacy of regional anesthesia is largely affected by the operator's technique, accuracy and severity of operation.
The use of clonidine alone or combined with 0.2% ropivacaine for effective analgesia after mild to moderate painful foot surgery was assessed in 66 children, after combined sciatic lateral popliteal block (SLPB) plus femoral block. The patients were randomly assigned into three groups to receive placebo, clonidine, and clonidine plus ropivacaine. Time to first analgesic request in the groups was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test (mean time, median time, 95% CI).
In our study, clonidine administered alone in the SLPB seems promising, maintaining intraoperatively the hemodynamic parameters SAP, DAP, HR to the lower normal values so that no patient needed nalbuphine under 0.6 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia, and postoperatively without analgesic request for a median time of 6 hours. In addition, clonidine administered as adjuvant enhances ropivacaine's analgesic effect for the first postoperative day in the majority of children (p = 0.001). Clonidine and clonidine plus ropivacaine groups also didn't demonstrate PONV, motor blockade, and moreover, the parents of children expressed their satisfaction with the excellent perioperative management of their children, with satisfaction score 9.74 ± 0.45 and 9.73 ± 0.70 respectively. On the contrary all the patients in the control group required rescue nalbuphine in the recovery room, and postoperatively, along with high incidence of PONV, and the parents of children reported a low satisfaction score (7.50 ± 0.70).
Clonidine appears promising more as an adjuvant in 0.2% ropivacaine and less than alone in the SLPB plus femoral block in children undergoing mild to moderate painful foot surgery, with no side effects.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN90832436, (ref: CCT-NAPN-20886).
The clinical importance of clonidine in peripheral blocks of children and adults for effective intra - and postoperative analgesia is controversial and subjected to an ongoing debate.
In adults, the majority of the studies (reviews and meta-analyses randomized trials) have demonstrated the positive effects of clonidine on intra - and postoperative pain relief, when used as an adjunctive agent to peripheral nerve blocks
Moreover, clonidine alone may have a potential role to produce analgesia when used for regional techniques in adults
In the pediatric population, there are only few trials involving clonidine as an adjunct to peripheral blocks, and the analgesic benefits are not definite in this group of patients. The clinical benefits of clonidine in moderate and severe painful surgeries remain questionable
Our hypothesis was that clonidine alone or combined with 0.2% ropivacaine could produce a long lasting block after foot and ankle surgery, adequate for the first postoperative day.
The aim of the present randomized, prospective, controlled study was to determine whether the use of clonidine alone or combined with 0.2% ropivacaine, as single shot, in the sciatic lateral popliteal block (SLPB) plus femoral block, could provide adequate intra-and postoperative analgesia in children undergoing mild to moderate painful foot and ankle surgery.
Patients, Randomization and Blindness
Between January 2009 to May 2010, children, ASA physical status I and II, aged 5-14 years were scheduled for elective mild to moderate painful foot and ankle surgery. According to the power analysis, 66 children should be studied. During the study, eleven children with neurologic or neuromuscular disease, problems in communication, skin infection at the site of needle insertion, or children's parents refusal were excluded. We used a computer generated table program to produce random numbers. We made a choice of twenty one (n = 21) random numbers from 1 till 66 in order to be in the control group, twenty three (n = 23) random numbers remained from the first choice to be in the clonidine group, and the rest twenty two (n = 22) numbers to be in the clonidine plus 0.2% ropivacaine group. The investigators were blind to the group assignment. The placebo or the treatment solutions were prepared by the pharmacy and supplied to the Department of Anesthesia in syringes labeled with predetermined code for each solution. There were two syringes for the SLPB and the femoral block respectively. In the SLPB, the syringes contained a) for the control group isotonic saline 10 ml plus 0.25 ml/kg and saline 0.13 ml/kg, b) for the clonidine group isotonic saline 10 ml plus 0.25 ml/kg, and clonidine 2 μg/kg (0.13 ml/kg) respectively. c) finally in the clonidine plus 0.2% ropivacaine group the syringes contained 0.2% ropivacaine 10 ml plus 0.25 ml/kg (maximum 25 ml) and clonidine 2 μg/kg (0.13 ml/kg) respectively. Similarly in the femoral block the syringes contained a) for the control group isotonic saline: 0.4 ml/kg and 0.065 ml/kg respectively, b) for the clonidine group isotonic saline 0.4 ml/kg and clonidine 1 μg/kg (0.065 ml/kg) respectively, and c) for clonidine plus 0.2% ropivacaine group 0.2% ropivacaine 0.4 ml/kg and clonidine μg/kg (0.065 ml/kg) respectively. The maximum dose of 0.2% ropivacaine was decided to be 3.5 mg/kg and for clonidine 3 μg/kg.
The children were enrolled in the study after approval of The Scientific Ethics Committee (General Children's Hospital, Penteli, Athens). Preoperatively, we explained to parents our intervention treatment. After understanding and accepting the alternative treatments by randomization, without coercion or manipulation, written informed consent was obtained in the card anesthesia.
Anesthetic technique
No premedication was used. General anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane 8% and maintained with sevoflurane adjusted up to 2.6% (1.3 MAC) to control the hemodynamic responses in an oxygen air mixture in a 1/2 ratio and followed by a combined SLPB plus femoral block. Regional blocks were performed by the two anesthesiologists and operations by two surgeons. After the performance of nerve blocks, all patients received cis-atracurium (0.1 mg/kg) and trachea was intubated. Nalbuphine infusion 0.03 mg/kg/h was administered in all patients over 15 min period after the performance of nerve blocks. Additional nalbuphine (0.03-0.09 mg/kg/h) was administered during surgery in the case of persistent tachycardia and hypertension (defined as values 15% more than baseline) in patients that did not respond to increased inspired sevoflurane concentration. Heart rate (HR), arterial systolic and diastolic pressure (SAP, DAP), SPO2, were recorded preoperatively (baseline, time 0) and intraoperatively, plus PetCO2, every 15 min until the end of the operation. The total amount of nalbuphine was also recorded at the end of the operation.
Regional Anesthesia
In the anesthetized children in the supine position, the SLPB
Postoperative analgesic protocol
Postoperative analgesia was assessed by by means of a color analogue scale (CAS)
In the recovery room, and the orthopedic ward the following data were collected by the anesthesiologists: (a) time to first analgesic request of nalbuphine after the surgery; (b) pain CAS score at rest, was assessed in the recovery room (time:0), 2, 4, 6, 8, 18, 24 hours postoperatively, and the tourniquet pain (time:0). CAS ranging from 0 to 100 mm, with 100 mm being the worst pain imaginable; (c) total number of rescue nalbuphine doses and the total amount of nalbuphine for the 24 hours observational period; (d) duration of sensory block by testing sensation (pin prick) in the distribution area of the sciatic nerve postoperatively. The degree of sensory block was classified as follows: 0: normal sensation, 1: blunted sensation (analgesia), 2: absence of sensation (anesthesia); (e) duration of motor block postoperatively. Motor block was assessed with voluntary plantar flex (TN), or dorsiflex (CPN) patient's foot and was classified as follows: 0: normal movement, 1: decreased movement (incomplete motor block), and 2: no movement (complete motor block); (f) restless as dichotomous (yes or no); (g) incidence of nausea and/or vomiting; (h) sedation level using a four - point scale (0: awake, 1: drowsy, 2: asleep but easily arousable with verbal command, 3: asleep but not easily arousable, only by tactile stimulation), was checked; (i) side effects from the SLPB; (k) satisfaction score was assessed by the parents of children the second postoperative day , using a numerical scale ranged from 0 to 10.
Statistical analysis
Ordinal data were presented as mean ± SD or ± SE as indicated. The one way ANOVA and the test Bonferroni were used to compare the absolute values of variables between the groups and pair wise respectively. The comparison of categorical parameters was analyzed by using Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test. Time to rescue analgesic administration in the groups was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test (mean time, median time, 95% CI). A power analysis was performed by statistic program G*Power vr 3-1-2, using the mean time period from the end of anesthesia to the first analgesic request. A one way ANOVA analysis, sample sizes of 21, 23, and 22 were obtained from three groups whose means were to be compared. The total sample of 66 subjects achieved a 100% power to detect differences among the means versus the alternative of equal means using an F test with a 0.05 significance level. The common standard deviation within a group is assumed to be 8,00. All tests are two-sided. A p < 0.05 value was considered to be statistically significant. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS, version13.00 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL).
Of the 66 patients studied in the analysis, one more patient in the control group was also excluded because of failure to localize the sciatic nerve with stimulator guidance (Figure
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the study
Flow diagram of the study.
Table 1
Demographic and surgical data of the study population
(n = 20)
(n = 23)
(n = 22)
p- value
Age (years).
9 (± 2)
10 (± 2)
10 (± 2)
Sex (M|F)
Weight (kg)
32.6 (± 10.4)
35.9 (± 9)
35 (± 11.6)
Time of anaesthesia (min)
122.25 (± 23.97)
120.22 (± 24.9)
127.5 (± 23)
Mild Clubfoot
Achilles' lengthening
Data are presented as mean ± SD
Intraoperatively in clonidine, and clonidine plus ropivacaine groups the hemodynamic parameters SAP, DAP, HR were maintained to the lower normal values so that no patient needed nalbuphine, under 0.6 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia. On the contrary, in the control group, increased sevoflurane concentration (MAC up to1.3), and nalbuphine infusion (0.09 mg/kg/h, mean value: 5.097 ± 3.33), were required in the patients, to maintain the parameters to the lower normal values until the end of the operation.
Postoperatively, the Kaplan- Meier analysis (Figure
Figure 2
Kaplan-Meier analysis
Kaplan-Meier analysis. Estimation of survival analysis of the time from the end of anesthesia to the first analgesic request in the Control, Clonidine and Clonidine plus 0.2% Ropivacaine groups.
The mean pain CAS score also differed significantly between the three groups (overall p < 0.0005), (Figure
Figure 3
CAS pain between groups
CAS pain between groups. The mean pain CAS score (mm) at rest in the Control, Clonidine, and Clonidine plus 0.2% Ropivacaine groups at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 18, 24 h time points after surgery.
In the ward the mean pain CAS score in clonidine and clonidine plus ropivacaine groups was lower than in the control group (p < 0.0005), while at 4 and 6 hours postoperatively the mean pain CAS score in clonidine plus ropivacaine group was lower than in the clonidine group (p < 0.05), (Figure
According to the protocol, a rescue dose of 0.2 mg/kg nalbuphine was given as follows: In the clonidine plus ropivacaine group four patients required one rescue dose and one required 3 doses. In the clonidine group, 16 patients required one rescue dose (Figure
Figure 4
Rescue doses of Nalbuphine
Rescue doses of Nalbuphine. Rescue doses of Nalbuphine in the Control, Clonidine and Clonidine plus 0.2% Ropivacaine groups at 0 up to 24 h after surgery.
The sensory block in the distribution of all the area of the sciatic nerve or/the CPN, and in the area of the femoral nerve, in the clonidine plus ropivacaine group lasted 16.45 ± 5.81 hours, and 8.6 ± 2.6 hours respectively. No patient in the clonidine group presented sensory block.
Furthermore, most children of clonidine plus ropivacaine, and clonidine groups, eliciting plantar flexion or strong inversion of the foot presented better postoperative analgesia and required fewer rescue doses of nalbuphine compared to children eliciting dorsiflexion of the foot (Chi-Square = 18.66, p = 0.003).
None of the patients in clonidine, and clonidine plus ropivacaine groups presented motor block.
In the recovery, all the patients of clonidine and clonidine plus ropivacaine groups were calm versus 9 patients of the control group (p < 0.005). In the ward during the 24 hours postoperative observation period, 10 of the 20 patients of control group presented PONV once, but none in the clonidine/clonidine plus ropivacaine groups (p < 0.005).
In clonidine plus ropivacaine group 6 of the 22 patients were sedated (level 1) lasting one hour versus sedation level 0 in all patients of control and clondine groups. In this study, none of the patients presented side effects due to SLPB.
During the second postoperative day, the parents of children, of control, clonidine and clonidine plus ropivacaine groups expressed a satisfaction mean score of 7.50 ± 0.70, 9.74 ± 0.45, 9.73 ± 0.70 respectively (p < 0.0005) about the perioperative management of their children.
Our results demonstrate that intra- and postoperative analgesia using combined SLPB plus femoral block either with clonidine alone or clonidine plus ropivacaine for mild to moderate painful foot and ankle surgery in children is effective and safe.
In our study, clonidine administered alone in the SLPB seems promising, maintaining intraoperatively the hemodynamic parameters SAP, DAP, HR to the lower normal values so that no patient needed nalbuphine under 0.6 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia, and postoperatively without analgesic request for a median time of 6 hours. In addition, clonidine administered as adjuvant enhances ropivacaine's analgesic effect for the first postoperative day in the majority of children (p = 0.001). On the contrary, the patients of the control group required high doses of nalbuphine given as continuous intravenous infusion intraoperatively, and in multiple bolus doses postoperatively. Moreover, assessing the cardiovascular parameters this group required high concentration of sevoflurane resulting in a high incidence of PONV
Our results also show that in most children, eliciting plantar flexion or strong inversion of the foot, had better quality of analgesia requiring fewer rescue doses of nalbuphine. This is ought to the better spread of local anesthetic solution, when the injecting needle tip presumably lies between the common peroneal nerve laterally and the tibial nerve medially (plantar flexion of the foot), or very close to the trunk of the sciatic nerve before its division (strong inversion of the foot).
The peripheral analgesic effect of clonidine appears clear in a few adults trials, via a local mechanism (drug interaction, action on peripheral a2-receptors, or both) after peripheral blocks or intra-articularly. This is supported by the lower clonidine plasma concentrations in block treatment group compared to the systemic treatment group
Therefore, we decided in this study to investigate clonidine effect as an adjuvant in ropivacaine or alone administered in the SLPB in a definite scheme, assuming that intravenous or intramuscular clonidine may be associated with more side effects (e.g. hypotension, bradycardia) in children. Nevertheless, in this study a systemic effect of clonidine cannot be excluded, indicating the calmness without postoperative delirium, as well as without incidence of shivering and PONV, that could be ought to the use of sevoflurane, in the patients of both SLPB. These effects could make clonidine a useful oral premedication medicine in children
In our study the lack of sensory and motor block by clonidine alone may be attributed to the small predetermined doses
The analgesic action of clonidine in the SLPB may be explained by the progressive reduction of the myelin layers from the proximal to the distal nerve fibers as in the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa, rendering the clonidine more accessible. On the contrary, the denser myelin layers proximal fibers, like the brachial plexus, render clonidine added to 0.2% ropivacaine less accessible, with confined analgesic action but 0.2% ropivacaine alone has also even less analgesic effect
Consequently, the effect of clonidine, administered alone at the distal nerve blocks or added to ropivacaine, seems promising in the less painful foot surgeries like Achilles lengthening and mild clubfoot of our patients. However, the effect of clonidine in severe painful foot, ankle and knee surgery remains questionable
It has been suggested that an effective block by a large dose of long acting local anaesthetic may reduce the incidence of tourniquet pain by blocking C and Aδ fibres
In this study, one could be claimed to the role of 0.2% ropivacaine alone or systemic clonidine. However, adult studies have shown a more clearly peripheral effect of clonidine versus its systemic effect
In conclusion, clonidine appears promising more as an adjuvant in 0.2% ropivacaine and less than alone in the SLPB plus femoral block with regard to mild, moderate intraoperative and postoperative pain management, along with the absence of incidence of PONV, and the high parental satisfaction, in children undergoing foot surgery. Considering the lack of similar studies in children using this technique in this single shot scheme, further investigation is needed to elucidate the definite role of clonidine, and the utility of SLPB for effective analgesia and patient outcome after foot, ankle and knee surgery.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
KP conceived the study design, collected the data, and wrote the manuscript. SL contributed to study design and manuscript preparation. NZ performed data analysis. JH has been involved in revising the manuscript. AF contributed to final protocol development and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.
Intra-articular morphine and clonidine produce comparable analgesia but the combination is not more effective
Clonidine added to bupivacaine enhances and prolongs analgesia after brachial plexus block via a local mechanism in healthy volunteers
Clonidine and analgesic duration after popliteal fossa nerve blockade: randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study
Clonidine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics for peripheral nerve and plexus blocks: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Clonidine administered as an axillary block does not affect postoperative pain when given as the sole analgesic
Epidural clonidine used as the sole analgesic agent during and after abdominal surgery
The analgesic effect of interscalene block using clonidine as an analgesic for shoulder arthroscopy
Preoperative clonidine or levobupivacaine--effect on systemic inflammatory stress response
Clonidine administered as adjuvant for bupivacaine in ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block does not prolong postoperative analgesia
The effects of clonidine on postoperative analgesia after peripheral nerve blockade in children
Intraarticular bupivacaine-clonidine-morphine versus femoral-sciatic nerve block in pediatrics patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Analgesic effect of clonidine added to ropivacaine 0.2% in paediatric axillary brachial plexus block
Spinal versus peripheral effects of adjunct clonidine: comparison of the analgesic effect of a ropivacaine - clonidine mixture when administered as a caudal or ilioinguinal- iliohypogastric nerve blockade for inguinal surgery in children
Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with caudal or intravenous clonidine in children undergoing hypospadias repair: a double- blind study
Oral clonidine prolongs lidocaine spinal anesthesia in human volunteers
The effects of caudal or intravenous clonidine on postoperative analgesia produced by caudal levobupivacaine in children
Popliteal Fossa Block: Lateral Approach to the Sciatic Nerve
Lower extremity nerve blocks in children
A comparison of the posterior versus lateral approaches to the block of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa
A new analogue scale for assessing children's pain: an initial validation study
The effects of tramadol on postoperative nausea, vomiting and headache after ENT surgery. A placebo-controlled comparison with equipotent doses of nalbuphine and pethidine
Propofol and halothane versus sevoflurane in paediatric day-case surgery: induction and recovery characteristics
Peripheral nociceptive effects of α2-adrenergic receptor agonists in the rat
Peripheral analgesic effect of intra-articularly applied clonidine
Clonidine in paediatric anaesthesia
Clonidine prevents sevoflurane- induced agitation in children
Patient-controlled interscalene analgesia with ropivacaine 0.2% versus bupivacaine 0.15% after major open shoulder surgery: the effects on hand and motor function
Clonidine enhances the effects of lidocaine on C- fiber action potential
Peripheral analgesic action of clonidine: medication by release of endogenous enkephalin-like substances
Alpha sub 2- adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia: A clinical review of clonidine (1984- 1995)
Alpha(2) receptors and agonists in pain management
Procedures under Tourniquet
Popliteal fossa block for postoperative analgesia after foot surgery in infants and children
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Rolston, Schultz shine as Wild defeat CanucksNov 3, 2006 - 4:08 AM ST. PAUL, Minnesota (Ticker) -- The Minnesota Wild's perfect start at home was in jeopardy until captain Brian Rolston and defenseman Nick Schultz got involved.
Rolston scored the tying goal late in the second period and Schultz tallied early in the third as the Wild rallied for a 5-2 victory over the Vancouver Canucks, extending their club-record home winning streak to 11 games.
Rookie goaltender Niklas Backstrom, who replaced Manny Fernandez after the first period, turned away all 19 shots he saw as Minnesota improved to 8-0-0 here this season.
The continuation of the Wild's unblemished home record at seemed a little bleak after the Canucks jumped to a 2-0 lead in the opening period.
"We had a brutal first period," Rolston said. "We started to get back on our heels. We weren't playing with confidence."
But Minnesota proved its resiliency to join the Buffalo Sabres and the Dallas Stars with 10 victories this season.
"The team responded," Backstrom said. "After the first period, they didn't get down, and played a good forty minutes."
After the puck deflected off the skate of Todd White and into the net for a controversial power-play goal with 15 seconds left in the first period, Rolston evened things up at 2-2 by beating Canucks netminder Roberto Luongo with a rare slap shot on a penalty shot late in the middle session.
It was Rolston's 10th goal of the season and eighth at home.
"It popped into my head, and I said 'why not give it a shot?' It was something that just came to me," Rolston said. "It was something that (coach) Jacques (Lemaire) had told me he wanted me to start trying."
"Not too many guys have a hard shot like (Rolston) does, and not too many guys have the confidence to unleash it," Lemaire said. "He (Luongo) definitely wasn't used to seeing that."
Luongo admitted the slap shot caught him off guard.
"That was the first I saw that," Luongo said. "He just got a piece of it and beat me. That's the bottom line. Not many guys are going to take a slapper from there."
In the third, Schultz put the Wild in front for good with a wrist shot from the left point with 15:29 remaining.
"It was tough when we got down 3-2," Canucks left wing Daniel Sedin said. "They are a tough team to play against when they have the lead."
Fernandez made nine saves for Minnesota, which went 3-for-5 with the man advantage.
Ryan Kesler scored his first goal of the season, Jan Bulis also tallied, and Luongo turned away 19 shots for Vancouver, which came away empty on six power-play opportunities.
"Our power play is not scoring," Canucks coach Alain Vigneault said. "It has to find a way to do that. Besides that, I thought we played a pretty solid game at both ends of the rink."
"We're shooting the puck when we shouldn't and we're letting up on the shots when we should be taking them," Canucks center Henrik Sedin said. "We have to score on the power play to win games."
White was credited with his fourth goal of the campaign after Mikko Koivu's setup pass went off his skate and into the net with 15 seconds remaining in the opening period.
The goal was originally waived off after on-ice officials ruled White made a deliberate kicking motion on the puck. However, the tally was allowed after video review.
"I was just trying to stop it with my skate," White said. "I was skating away from the net, so I didn't know how I could kick it when I'm skating away from the net."
"We only saw one angle. From the angle we saw, we thought it was kicked in," Vigneault said. "Both referees thought it was kicked in, but I guess the five guys in Toronto (the league office) said it was a goal."
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Dealing with congested babies.
Lucas has been sick twice now, and each time came with a stuffy nose. His lungs were clear both times, thank goodness. So for his nose, we got saline drops and sucked out his nose a lot!! The nasal aspirator bulb works wonders for him; but I just call it a nose sucker lol. That, or we hold him in the bathroom after a nice steamy shower. Those are what works best for him. :)
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Lucas doesn't seem to mind if he's already in a good mood. If he's already cranky then oh man it's bad lol.
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I know theres already a peg warmer topic out there but it's gone a bit stale so since a few of the waves involved have been out for a while already let's discuss what the peg warmers are looking to be so far in our respective areas. List the characters in order. One being the biggest peg warmer.
Spider-Man (Sandman):
1. Ms. Marvel - she started strong but puttered out in the end as is the case with most female characters. No surprise.
2. Spider UK - called it. New buck or not, he's every bit as boring as the comic character. Still not as boring as Karl tho.
3. Shocker - this actually was a shocker to me. I thought he'd rate higher as he in such demand. Was it the massive head? Maybe? Probably? Hell ya it was.
4. Jackal - right about where I thought he'd fall when all the dust cleared. Still a nice figure.
5. Spidey 2099 - love the look, love the new buck. He was my 3rd personal favorite. Size of the melon was a little much on this one too.
6. Black Spidey - he's just such a cool looking update.
7. Green Goblin - got mine online & have not seen even one in the wild.
GOTG (Titus)
1. Star Lord - please, make them stop. What....? We're getting 2 more this year? Well at least one of them will have to be a comic version, right? What....? Both are gonna be simple MCU costume changes? And,one of them is gonna come with his dad who looks like that hippie I buy my organic vegetables from at the farmers market on Sunday? Oh, the humanity!
2. Drax - as I said, a new head and a new ashy complexion does not a new figure make.
3. Star Lord - nuff said.
4. Star Lord - maybe a little more said.
5. Yondu, Vance Astro & Kid Nova - they all seem to be moving about the same. And I don't care, call him Nova all you want, he's still effing KID NOVA.
6. Darkhawk - this was an amazingly executed figure. Wish they could all be this good.
7. Angela - apply above comments. Everything about her is unique. This is a beautiful, awesome effort & the scalpers have been out en force. Good luck if you ain't found her yet.
X-Men (Warlock):
1. Wolverine - tho I think this will change once the casual fans catch up with the hardcore hunters. Wolvie always brings the ratings.
2. Sunfire - I personally love this figure but I think they're actually giving these things away with every bag of Flaming Hot Cheetos at Walgreens.
3. Shatterstar - this design only held up for like 3 years in the 90s. In today's world it's beyond cheesy.
4. Dazzler - I got over the skates but I guess 70s disco style & ankle articulation don't play well together. News to me.
5. Cyclops - honestly had no problem locating him.
6. Polaris - she only slightly edges out Cyclops, but most likely cuz we've already had a few of him already.
7. Colossus - he's big and bad ayass & he ain't nowhere to be found. Love this figure.
BTW, I live & hunt in the TX, NM, OK tri-state area. How's it look in your neck of the woods?
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Cute Anti-Peep Webcam
This is a cute webcam from Chinese company Gsou that comes with its very own anti-peep feature. In addition to being activated by software to turn the webcam on and off, the robotic arms of this cute gadget will also move up and down automatically to reveal or block out the lens.
Sometimes it's really hard to tell whether the lens of webcam is switched on or not just by looking at it. Therefore this simple but useful feature will provide a visual alert to the user in the event that it happens to get activated by unwanted software; keeping minds at ease.


text:
Hillary Clinton said Tuesday the hit Broadway musical "Hamilton" offers lessons for the nation, telling donors following a special fundraising performance, "Let's not throw away our shot." Ticket purchases for fans to meet with Hillary at the event ranged to $2,700, by the way.
"Hamilton" is a Tony award-winning musical about the life of Alexander Hamilton and has been praised by politicians, Hollywood celebrities and rap stars alike. The former secretary of state said she had now seen the musical three times and "I cry every time."
Citing the main theme of the tear-jerking musical, Clinton told the audience, "Let's think a lot about history's eyes on us. The nation's founders were not perfect people but they were united in their conviction that they could build this new country from nothing. We are still going strong."
Of course, Hillary's little "inspirational" speech had to include a jab at Trump as well, saying the country couldn't be detoured by those "who play to the worst of our feelings, who would divide us, who would scapegoat us."


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Home > Product Categories > Pro-AV & Presentation > AV Presentation > Video Presenters & Document Cameras > 336B
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In Ceausescu's shadow
As a result, sweeping changes to the educational system, backed by about $100m (pound;63m) in World Bank loans, remain on the drawing board.
"People cannot get out of their communist way of thinking that they'll get paid whether they work or not," said Viorica Iancu, a secondary school teacher in Constanza. "The mafia rules now and it descends on any free enterprise that looks strong enough to succeed. All this leads to a hopelessness, and that's infecting education too."
One million gypsies - about 8 per cent of the population - speak their own language and do not understand Romanian. The drop-out rate is huge, but attempts to fund special education for them have so far been stymied by prejudice.
Another problem is the legal system. Romania adopted the French legislative model. This means educational reform tends to become snarled up in bureaucratic disputes.
"Our young teachers have boundless enthusiasm for the reforms," said Mrs Iancu. "They want to see the old authoritarian communist style of teaching replaced by a more interactive child-centred approach. But the changes will take a long time."
Every area of learning is in line for changes intended to introduce a Western-style educational system. The World Bank is funding a scheme to standardise teacher training, to end the existing qualification based on academic achievement at university.
Curriculum changes due in the autumn should see continual assessment supplement examinations and old rote-learning textbooks should be replaced by learning programmes requiring students to develop their own ideas and encourage teamwork.
Central control is intended to give way gradually to management by schools, which will be able to choose 30 per cent of curriculum content.
The length of university degree courses is to be cut from five years to three. The British Council is to help universities to access loans.
Scientists have complained that the education ministry is putting too much stress on the humanities and foreign languages to the detriment of technical subjects. But this recent shift in priorities in a country whose people have an impressive talent for languages and who would regard a strengthening of the industrial base as harking back to the dark days is really no surprise, since communism is not something they can easily forget.
The tentacles of Ceausescu's Securitate reached into the lives of every family - virtually every home in Bucharest was bugged and one in four people was an informer - and only now are its files about to be opened. It will be a painful process.


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Today marks the launch of AkzoNobel's latest Human Cities initiative in Rotterdam with the support of the city's chief resilience officer, Arnoud Molenaar, benefitting the city's schoolchildren
Working closely with city officials, the company has identified several projects that will contribute to the Rotterdam Resilience Strategy. These include repainting four primary schools, refurbishing areas of a popular local park and starting a pilot project for paint recycling.
Launched in 2014, the Human Cities initiative is focused on improving, energising and regenerating urban communities across the world and represents everything AkzoNobel does for and with society.
One of the greatest challenges of the current pace of urbanisation is how to keep our cities human and more liveable
Related Articles
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- Yesterday's Headlines 23/06/2016
"One of the greatest challenges of the current pace of urbanisation is how to keep our cities human and more liveable," explained Annemieke Kievit, Director Human Cities of AkzoNobel. "As a company, we have been active in the Rotterdam region for many years and I am proud that we are able to contribute to making the city a more comfortable and inspiring place to live and work."
Added the chief resilience officer: "To ensure that Rotterdam remains as resilient as possible, the municipality continues to work closely with residents, community organizations and businesses. As well as bringing major benefits, this also allows us to anticipate challenges such as climate change and energy transition."
Today's launch was staged at the Valentijnschool in the Delfshaven district. Part of the school has already been given a splash of color, while the children are set to embark on a project which will assess the liveability of their local neighborhood.
"We have been enthusiastic about this initiative from the moment we heard about it," said director of the school, Jos de Leeuw. "It is exciting to see how we can help each other to discover what color can do for the school to create an inspiring place for the children."
Due to start in the spring, the paint recycling pilot will be similar to an initiative which AkzoNobel has already launched in the UK. It involves collecting used paint and making it available again at low cost to benefit good causes.
The Rotterdam initiative is the latest in a series of flagship Human Cities projects that are ongoing around the world. The company also made a major contribution to the recent Habitat III conference in Quito, Ecuador, when a large area of the city was revitalised.
For more details about the initiative, visit www.akzonobel.com/humancities


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Winter Hours (Labour Day to Victoria Day):
Noon – 4pm Wednesday to Sunday
Summer Hours (Victoria Day to Labour Day):
10am – 5 pm every day
CLOSED Labour Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, Boxing Day & New Year's Day.
Group tours and programs are available Monday to Friday throughout the year. Please feel free to contact us to book your date or to receive more information.
Admission by Donation: We suggest a donation of $2 per person. Your contributions are important and help keep our doors open. We ask you to give what you can. Our parking is complimentary for Museum guests. If you are visiting the area we can accommodate parking by donation.
The Station Museum is accessible to wheelchairs and strollers, our washrooms are located downstairs so
Accessible washrooms for wheelchairs or strollers are located in Rocky Point Park next door.
The Venosta train car is not accessible to wheelchairs or strollers.


text:
Congratulation to MSE Celebrating It's 20th Anniversary
Congratulation to MSE Celebrating It's 20th Anniversary
2014-12-18 at 12:27:34 pm #41683
Congratulation to MSE Celebrating It's 20th Anniversary
VAN NUYS, Calif. – MSE, a global leader in Intelligent Re-Engineering, is celebrating a proud milestone: its 20th anniversary in business.
From its humble beginning as a family-owned startup to one of the largest remanufacturers in the world, MSE has had a long and impressive journey, pioneering many of technologies that have given growth to the aftermarket.
From early on, certain principles have become mantras for Yoel Wazana, President and founder of MSE.
Says Yoel: "Avi and I are proud of the lives we have changed, the thousands of jobs we have created here in the USA and abroad, and the many relationships we have created that transcend business. From day one we committed to quality, innovation, and fostering an environment where our staff, and our customers can grow and offer products that they can truly believe in. Twenty years in, we still hold these founding principles to guide us and because of the relationships we have created we have the resources to continue our commitment to our collective futures."
Avi Wazana, CEO, echoed: "We created the MSE brand all those years ago to align our interests with that of our customers, creating a linkage that goes beyond dollars and cents. We will continue to invest in brand development and better tools to ensure bright futures for all in the MSE family for years to come. We offer our sincerest thanks for going on this journey with us – bumps and all. The entire ride wouldn't have been possible without our extended MSE partners. We recently joined forces with Clover Technologies, a leader in the industry. Together with the Clover group, our customers, and vendors, we believe we can win as one, sharing our matching cultures in the continued spirit of our original vision and core values."
About MSE
Founded in 1994 by Yoel Wazana, MSE is a leading-edge innovator in the marketplace. MSE pioneered the process of Intelligent Re-Engineering™, which employs patented technologies, proprietary processes, and stringent testing methodologies that result in the market's only true alternative to high-cost OEM print consumables. MSE has global sales and distribution capabilities.


text:
Eva Margareta Frölich, (c. 1650-Stockholm, September 1692), was a Swedish mystic, a fortune teller, prophet, visionary and Pietistic writer.
Frölich was born the daughter of colonel Hans Christoffer Frölich and Elisabet von Plessen. The location and exact date is unknown. Her brother, Karl Gustaf Frölich, was ennobled count.
She was married in Riga in Latvia, then a Swedish Province, with Johann Henning Neumeijer, colonel in the Swedish army, whom she abandoned in 1684, when she arrived in Stockholm in Sweden in the company of the goldsmith Berendt Doerchmann and made herself known as a prophet and a preacher. She was received by king Charles XII of Sweden, where she predicted that he was to be the founder of the Thousand year Kingdom of Christ and rule over the entire Christianity. The same year, she was sentenced to exile and traveled to Hamburg, where she published her work about millennialism and the seven congregations in the bible, which caused her banishment from the city. She then settled in Amsterdam, where she published many of her work and continued to be active as a prophet and a preacher, still assisted by Berendt Doerchmann. One of her oppinons was, that women should be allowed to preache.[1]
She returned to Stockholm in 1692, where she held speeches against the priests "almost worse then before" and tried to publish her work. She was arrested and put in jail, where she died the same year.
Her theology has ben described as a mix between spiritualism, pietism, ortodoxy and the punismentideology from the Old testament. She was a Lutheran, but attacked the literary version of the priests. [2]


text:
I am a technically savy person, because I have been into technology since I was in high school. I have learned to never give a "non-technical" person any sort of technology unless it is something that can be operated by an infant.
We were at my neighbors, and they stated that they couldn't figure out how to jump chapters on the IPod. My wife looked at it, and figured it out rather quickly. (This from a totally non-technical person) I know a lot of people that have ipods, and most have no issues. In general I have no use for an IPod, but it seems that a good portion of the world is using ipods.
Having looked at some of the newer units, and their operation I can state that the technology has come a long way. You can get ipods of almost any type, and size.
I have a blackberry, so I will not need an ipod anytime soon.


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text:
Dani Pedrosa set a blistering pace in the opening practice session for the Czech Moto GP at Brno on Friday morning.
The Spaniard, refreshed from the mini-summer break having suffered a sequence of injury issues, moved to the top of the times halfway through the 45-minute session.
The Honda rider then emphasised his pace with a sub-lap record 1m56.328s lap on his penultimate lap.
Championship leader Casey Stoner was second quickest - 0.966s behind his team-mate.
Marco Simoncelli was third quickest on the Gresini-run factory Honda, having set the pace early in the session. But his programme was not without drama as he lost the front on the left-hander before the pits and fell. Neither rider nor bike was particularly damaged in the crash.
World champion Jorge Lorenzo, sporting a Top Gun 'Maverick' crash helmet, was fourth fastest on the Yamaha, ahead of Andrea Dovizioso on the final of the factory Hondas
Ben Spies was sixth fastest on the second Yamaha, ahead of an impressive Jon Hopkins on the wildcard Suzuki. The American, on his second outing for the factory squad this season just outpaced team regular Alvaro Bautista, though both were two seconds off Pedrosa's pace.
Cal Crutchlow, on a circuit he knows, was ninth fastest on the Tech 3 Yamaha, just ahead of team-mate Colin Edwards.
Factory Ducati riders Valentino Rossi and Nicky Hayden were 11th and 14th.
Pos Rider Team/Bike Time Gap 1. Dani Pedrosa Honda 1m56.328s 2. Casey Stoner Honda 1m57.294s + 0.966s 3. Marco Simoncelli Gresini Honda 1m57.408s + 1.080s 4. Jorge Lorenzo Yamaha 1m57.587s + 1.259s 5. Andrea Dovizioso Honda 1m57.776s + 1.448s 6. Ben Spies Yamaha 1m57.903s + 1.575s 7. Jon Hopkins Suzuki 1m58.321s + 1.993s 8. Alvaro Bautista Suzuki 1m58.345s + 2.017s 9. Cal Crutchlow Tech 3 Yamaha 1m58.390s + 2.062s 10. Colin Edwards Tech 3 Yamaha 1m58.497s + 2.169s 11. Valentino Rossi Ducati 1m58.819s + 2.491s 12. Randy de Puniet Pramac Ducati 1m58.927s + 2.599s 13. Hector Barbera Aspar Ducati 1m58.973s + 2.645s 14. Nicky Hayden Ducati 1m58.975s + 2.647s 15. Hiroshi Aoyama Gresini Honda 1m59.289s + 2.961s 16. Karel Abraham Cardion Ducati 1m59.334s + 3.006s 17. Loris Capirossi Pramac Ducati 1m59.706s + 3.378s 18. Toni Elias LCR Honda 2m00.201s + 3.973s
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