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Free Download MOD APK Android Major GUN FPS endless shooter | Only best games at Sbenny.com
Game Description:
Can you handle powerful gun? Get into action! Experience the first FPS endless arcade gun shooter, experience Major GUN FPS endless shooter!
- No briefing!
- No missions!
- No boring stories!
- FPS shooter!
The terrorists have overtaken the area and only you can stop them. Get your gun & join the FPS action and witness the vibrant visual design, unique controls and arcade style gameplay that bring you the best endless gun shooting experience!
Features of the game:
- accurate gun control shooter
- 11 powerful guns with upgrade options
- 14 awesome gun skins to unlock
- countless enemies: gunners, grenadiers, bazookers and armored terrorists
- challenging bosses who dream of stopping you from getting your new high score
- over 100 scenery modules to force your way through
- 5 amazing types of upgradeable gun powerups
- several boosts
- missions and ranks system
- best shooter score leaderboards for Game Center and Social Network friends
Game Requirements and Details:
Android version required: 4.0.3 and higher versions of Android Smartphones and Tablets
Required storage space: 82 MB or more
Internet connection NOT required to play
APK ID: mobi.byss.gun3
Last game version: 3.5.6
Genre: Action
Price: Free with In-App Purchases
Ads? YES
Installation Instructions:
- Download one of the [APK] files below (the MOD version is the HACKED game) OR try the [Google Play] version;
- Move the .apk game file into your Android Smartphone or Tablet and install it (if you are on mobile, just install the apk tapping on it);
- Launch the game and have fun with Major GUN!
Free Download Major GUN APK Android
Broken Link? Outdated Version? Report it! Want us to make a custom MOD for you? Visit our dedicated Forum!
[APK] [81.8 MB] [v3.5.6] [MOD - Unlimited Money & Infinite Ammo]
[APK] [82.7 MB] [v3.3] [MOD - Unlimited Coins & Unlimited Eagles]
Credits to: Me (Sbenny). More info about this Android release here.
[APK+DATA] [Google Play] [Free Game]
Have troubles installing Major GUN 2? Please read our Forum guide on HOW TO INSTALL GAMES AND APPS.
Link broken? Looking for a MOD (Hacked) version of Major GUN? Join our community and we will help you!


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Be the first to review this product
The Seitech Heel Bracket is currently unavailable from the manufacturer. Please click the link below for the Dynamic Dollies Heel Bracket, which is 100% compatible with all Seitech dollies.
Dynamic Dollies Heel Bracket
The Seitech dolly heel bracket connects the centerline tube with forward upright tube at a thirty degree angle. It also allows the front of the dolly to rest on the ground with little chafing. Used on Laser, Sunfish, V15, C420 and CFJ Dollies.
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text:
WPN_Cryolator_Idle_LPM.ogg (Ogg Vorbis sound file, length 8.4s, 89kbps)
Summary Edit
Cryolator idle sound.
Licensing Edit
|This file was taken from the video game Fallout 4 or from websites created and owned by Bethesda Softworks, the copyright of which is held by Bethesda Softworks, or was released to the press for promotional purposes by the same. All trademarks and registered trademarks present in the image are proprietary to Bethesda Softworks.
The use of images to illustrate articles concerning the subject of the images in question is believed to qualify as fair use under United States copyright law, as such display does not significantly impede the right of the copyright holder to sell the copyrighted material and is not being used to generate profit in this context.
Appears on these pages
The Cryolator is a unique weapon in Fallout 4. The Cryolator was developed by the overseer of...
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
|04:52, November 27, 2015
|8.4s (92 KB)
|Sanctanimus (Talk | contribs)
|Cryolator idle sound. Category:Fallout 4 weapon sounds


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is noncompulsory but will seriously multiply your chances of having members look at your profile. Introduce yourself, your interests and attach any nice photographs of yourself.
Use our website's sophisticated search to spot members who suit your needs. Or just look through listings and spot members that you like.
Identified someone who you're attracted to? Send them a word or two or just a wink and see if they're interested. With a little luck you'll be on your way to uncover that special someone for you.
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text:
About the Book
Ancient legends say that Kokopelli, a flute player, teaches how to build kivas for a ritual song and dance, for storing harvested pinyon from the mountain terraces, and corn from the irrigated pastures, where mesas of yucca and cholla bloom.
And there is also a legend about twins and their mother. Accused of adultery, condemned to death, the mother of the hero twins convinces the vassals of the Lords of Death to spare her, by substituting the heart of a red fruit for her heart, the juice of it for her blood. They do this, placing the severed fruit in a bowl and they return with it. The Lords of Death drink the blood of the fruit, thinking it the best tasting sacrifice they have ever had, and it is sweet, because the mother of the hero twins dupes death.
But are these legends a trick? A trap? A joke told by a gambler? Who are the twin ball players? Are they the first Kachinas? The First Hunter and First Cougar?
Features & Details
- Category Literature & Fiction
5×8 in, 13×20 cm
378 Pages
- Publish Date Jul 12, 2010
- Language English
- Tags pueblo, pinyon, novel, fiction, legend, myth, maize, corn, Kokopelli, Hopi, Mayan, Maya, Ancestral Puebloan, Rocky Mountains, Mesa Verde, Chaco Canyon, Pueblo Bonito
About the Creator
Charles Matthew Sauer is an inventor, software engineer, and the author of several books. First published in the early 1990's in various magazines, such as Sneak Previews, and Eldritch Tales, he edited for Neo Magazaine in Utah, and for the G.W. Review while studying literature at The George Washington University. Sauer graduated with a B.S. in Computer Science from Weber State University (Ogden, Utah), and afterward he moved to Colorado, where he developed software transforms for IBM – Printing Systems Division. Over the last three years he has authored a book of poems, a non-fiction, and two novels. In addition he has written essays and reviews at Google's Knol, and published poetry with Kritya, and the Lyons Recorder.
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Wukong Build Guide by itsx_mastime
Wukang The Monkey king
Wukong Build
Begining of game
first back
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Wukong is a powerful champion who is best right when he gets his ultimate (R). his core items should be things such as hydra and hexdrinker. these give him good AD and defensive stats. The new small AD items that build into yomuu's are also very good on him, in things such as a complete Maw or a black cleaver. don't be scared to build mostly tank on him, he does with with just two ad items, and since assasins are huge right now, he needs survivability. The new Trinity can also be viable on him, the mana and spellblade prock do well on him, sine his Q is an on hit.


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Crystal Glass Nail Files
About Crystal Nail Files
Long lasting nail files are becoming more and more popular for a variety of reasons. Let's take the example of Crystal glass nail files. This form of nail file was created for functionality and durability. With prices that average below $8.00 each, that's a potent combination. Crystal glass nail files come to us from a variety of manufacturers. The idea behind them was to marry two very popular files into one product.
In some instances, the crystal glass file has become what carnival glass items were in the early 1900s – a very successful promotional item that can be monogrammed, branded or printed with logos.
People who use crystal glass nail files report they are very easy to clean and also perform up to expectations. In particular, the finishing qualities of the crystal glass file seem very professional without having to see a nail stylist.
Additionally, crystal glass files can be used for pedicures – meaning the applications have not simply doubled, but quadrupled.
Similar to other higher-end nail files, crystal glass products are gentle on your hands. You can anticipate smooth nails without any tears or sharp areas. With a little practice your nails will have a fantastic look and finish.
For those who enjoy artificial nails, you will be happy to know that you can care for the artificial nails with this product too. Crystal nail files do not have porous surfaces, so you'll never have to be worried about mold or fungus. In fact, the hygienic nature of crystal glass files meets FDA requirements. They are also dishwasher safe!
Some crystal glass nail files come with really great warrantees. The companies trust in the durability and safety of crystal. Professionals seem to agree – crystal glass nail files grind beautifully without aggravation and still create that beautiful finish that makes clients happy.
Pretty Hands And Beautiful Nails
© 2005-2017 Beauty And The Bath.com
All Rights Reserved World Wide


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Antony & The Johnsons - The Guests (Live BBC4 2006) MP3
Antony & The Johnsons singing Leonard Cohen's song The Guests live BBC4 2006.
Leonard Cohen - The Guests MP3
The Guests - Leonard Cohen MP3
The guests - Leonard Cohen Foto di Henri Cartier Bresson Bresson nacque a Chanteloup il 22 Agosto 1908 e morì a L'Isle sur la Sorgue il 3 Agosto 2004.
Leonard Cohen -- The Guests MP3
NANA MOUSKOURI - The Guests - Live MP3
Herodus Atticus 1984.
Revenge of the Guests. ROBLOX MP3
This is the Sequal to "Story Of A Rude Guest", So if you have not seen that, watch that first so this can make sense ...
Wagner Tannhäuser - Entry of the guests MP3
Richard Wagner (1813-1883) Tannhäuser - "Entry of the guest - Freudig begrüssen wir"
Leonard Cohen "The guests" (live officiel) | Archive INA MP3
Abonnez-vous http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=inachansons Leonard COHEN chante "The guests" en jouant de la guitare.
ميهمانان هتل آستوريا (١٩٨٩) The Guests of Hotel Astoria MP3
ميهمانان هتل آستوريا (١٩٨٩) The Guests of Hotel Astoria کارگردان: رضا علامه زاده نویسنده: رضا علامه زاده فیلمبردار: چارل...
GMod! The Guests! (Куплинов, Колян и Алекс) MP3
Очень дешевые игры, плюс скидка с кодом: D94EE1D3E8704C00 тут: http://steambuy.com/superalex Моя партнерка! Лучшая на YouTube! Присоед...
AHS Hotel The Guests Have Arrived MP3
SUBSCRIBE to US: http://bit.ly/ahs_subscribe ABOUT AHS The 13-episode fifth installment of the Emmy and Golden Globe winning franchise, American Horror ...
ZaidAliT - When the guests leave.. MP3
Descendants Cast - Be Our Guest (From "Descendants") MP3
Soundtrack to Disney Channel Original Movie "Descendants" is available now! iTunes: http://smarturl.it/dsa1 Amazon: http://smarturl.it/dsama1 Google Play: ...
Leonard Cohen - The Guests [Live in Madrid 2012] MP3
Leonard Cohen performs The Guests in Madrid on his Old Ideas World Tour on October 5th, 2012.
Leonard Cohen - The Guests 1979 MP3
Leonard Cohen - The Guests 1979 One by one, the guests arrive The guests are coming through The open-hearted many The broken-hearted few And no one ...
The groom entertaining the guests on his own wedding MP3
The groom entertaining the guests on his own wedding.
Hotel Transylvania 2 - The Guests Have Arrived! MP3
Hotel Transylvania is rolling out the red carpet for its newest guests! Don't miss Drac's pack in theaters September 25th! www.Facebook.com/HotelT www.
Wagner - Tannhäuser; Arrival of the guests at Wartburg MP3
Wagner's Tannhäuser opera; Arrival of the guests (March without chorus). Wagner's 'Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf Wartburg' (Tannhäuser and the ...
the outer limits: 'the guests' (1964) MP3
Ushpizin (The Guests) MP3
In Jerusalem's orthodox neighborhoods, it's Succoth, seven days celebrating life's essentials in a sukkot, a temporary shack of both deprivation and hospitality.
Colditz TV Series S02-E04 - The Guests MP3
"The Guests" A Hauptsturmführer of the SD arrives at the Colditz town jail with three British commandos. He intends to keep this fact a secret, but it leaks both to ...
The Guests - The Doldrums MP3
INDIE MUSIC NATION : Highly Addictive New Music Worldwide »Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lml.IndieMusicNation.lml Support The Band: ...
Gmod Adventure Map! - The Guests MP3
Tom and Joe arrive at a mansion as guests, but do not quite receive the welcome that they are expecting... • Next Episode: ...
Tannhauser: Entry of the Guests MP3
Tannhauser: Entry of the Guests on the Wartburg Composer: Richard Wagner (1845) Conductor: Chief of German Military Music Service Colonel Dr. Michael ...
5 siblings' house - Prepare to great the guests, part 1 (Ep.99 | 2015.10.18) MP3
Subscribe KBS World Official YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/kbsworld ------------------------------------------------ KBS World is a TV channel for international ...
Twins' House - Prepare to greet the guests (Ep.93 | 2015.09.06) MP3
Subscribe KBS World Official YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/kbsworld ------------------------------------------------ KBS World is a TV channel for international ...
Nana Mouskouri - The Guests MP3
from July 1984 Herodes Atticus, Athnes, song by Leonard Cohen.
Puzzles and Cheating! Part 1! : The Guests : Gmod : New Outro MP3
Me and Budda are up late to play a Gmod map that has some jump scares and a lot of puzzles!! Welcome to The Guests! Friends: ...
The Guests MP3
Episode 12 "The Guests" Directed by John Johnson This is series of Urban Legends and Folklore created by John Johnson and Darkstone Entertainment.
5 Rounds: Best of the Guests w/ Chris Weidman, Jon Jones, Anthony Pettis, Frankie Edgar & More MP3
http://www.fightnetwork.com - On this very special best-of edition of 5 Rounds, Fight Network's John Ramdeen and Robin Black take a look back at some of the ...


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Best Of :: Arts & Entertainment
Not all local jam bands are created equal. Some seem to run laps between the Funky Buddha Lounge & Brewery and the Funky Biscuit, which is solid. We need them — they make the scene what it is. But some local jam bands break through and travel the country delivering their slice of South Florida style to every corner of the U.S. No one does it better than Fort Lauderdale's the Heavy Pets, jamming their way through your most dancetastic live music outings. Whether it's a New Year's show, full-on festi, or random run-in, the Pets always make their way back home and into your hearts, no matter how far they tour. Your friend may have watched the Heavy Pets slay it in the middle of a sweaty mob at Bonnaroo, but you get to see them up-close and personal on a breezy Saturday night at Guanabanas. What makes the Pets extra special? They have side projects aplenty, cutting up the lineup to share the love so there's constantly music coming from the guys. This divide-and-conquer technique shows that the true passion of the band is to get music out in the open and to create with one another. Fact is, when the Heavy Pets, Fat Mannequin, Lather Up!, or the Sugar Dicks announce a show, the community comes out. And the community is everything when it comes to jam.
Sports bars should have two things: drinks and TVs. Bokamper's has both in spades. Owned by and named after Dolphins defensive lineman Kim "Bo" Bokamper from the team's glory years, his fifth and newest location in Fort Lauderdale is the most overwhelming yet. A full bar includes craft beers and specialty drinks, but more impressive is the sheer number of televisions that cover the place wall to wall. You will be able to catch a glimpse of the game no matter where you sit. There are so many TVs that on an NFL Sunday, the same holds true for whichever game you wish to watch, even if the Jacksonville Jaguars are playing the Cleveland Browns. If you hate sports and are dragged here against your will, this Bokamper's sits on the Intracoastal Waterway, allowing you to root for whichever sailboat is the prettiest as you down another beer.
This party enclave caters to the hip: the chic, live-music lovers and those looking for a serious cocktail and a sexy time. The 5,000-square-foot space opened in fall 2013 and boasts gorgeous décor throughout the three-level club. Revelers are treated to two bars, plush couches, a fireplace area, and a whimsical portrait of George Washington wearing sunglasses. The impressive drink menu was concocted by Miami mixologist extraordinaire John Lermayer. Toss back classics such as old-fashioneds and Tom Collinses , or a WGA Sour — shaken with Disaronno, 100-proof bourbon, lemon juice, and egg whites. Visit during the club's weekend happy hour for a showcase of whirling nipple-tassels and hip-shimmying burlesque dancers working the stage. Dim the lights, baby; it's showtime.
The best part about a neighborhood joint is that you make it what it is. With Muddy Waters, you can make it a mental vacation to Key West or a detour to a nautical bar on your way home from the office. The place is decorated like a pirate ship, and you can eat like you're on one too — 69 cents per raw clam or oyster, all day every day. (Don't forget your rum!) Known for a homegrown karaoke night and Floribbean food, Muddy Waters is by locals and for locals. Come in with your crew when you desire the wild South Floridian vibes or by yourself when you need a bite and a conversation with a stranger. Good service, food, and drinks — it's the neighborhood bar trifecta. This place is missing only one thing: a "Locals Only" sign.
When the Black Pearl Tavern shuttered last summer, a huge pained chorus of Boston-accented sighs shook through South Florida. Since 1995, the Pearl, a storefront bar crammed into a strip mall on East Commercial, was the go-to spot for Boston sports fans living in South Florida. Red Sox, Patriots, Celtics, Bruins — the memorabilia hung from the walls. The games were on constant replay. The conversation pinballed from Tham Brahday to Bell Whalten to Hail Flutie. Then — poof! — it was gone. Luckily for these exiles, less than a year later, a new Pearl is rising from the ashes. The new location is east on Commercial in a space that once held the Gold Medal Wine Shop. The new space is no-fills — just a big square bar surrounded on three sides by stools. Boston sports continue to run from the flat screens, and it has Funky Buddha beers on tap. And the bar continues to pull in the usual crowd of neighborhood folks, off-shift restaurant-industry types, and Bostonians. Unless you want to be evil-eyed or shanked, don't walk through the door in New York Yankee gear.
You could sop up suds in bars across the land, and you'll never find It — that ineffable quality that the bards sing hymns to and bar hoppers sniff out like hounds hunting game. It — the perfect balance of down-home drinking, affordable prices, and friendly faces. It — what you'll never find inside an Applebee's or any other chain bar or restaurant named after a day of the week. But once you walk inside Walsh's Irish Sports Bar in Hollywood, the It-ness smacks you in the face. That's because owner Terri Walsh and her merry band of regulars have had plenty of time to get the whole bar thing down. Ever since Walsh worked at Hollywood's mainstay McGowan's in the '80s, she's collected around her a team of drinkers. Now, every night of the week, they pour into Walsh's own place on North Federal Highway, filling up barstools to swap stories and reminisce. But it's not a members-only affair. Strangers are greeted warmly and will likely be led through a whirlwind of intros by Walsh herself, all topped off with a tequila shot — a textbook It move.


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[ Read more ]
[ Read more ]
Alreimis Creations was founded in 2008 and began working closely with an almost unheard of Japanese company to setup retail operations in Singapore. Within a span of 3 years, Craftholic, has risen to become a popular lifestyle brand in Singapore and achieved top sales revenue outside Japan in the last two years. Today, Alreimis has also started distribution of Craftholic merchandises into Indonesia and Thailand.
Alreimis is a people-centric company emphasizing diligence, discipline and excellence in producing happy employees that creates happy customers to generate happy sales revenue. The company actively monitors and brings changes to enhance the working environment and the customer retail experience. This successful blend resulted in low turnover and growing pool of returning customers.
Alreimis believes in prudent business expansion through insights and networking in the Singapore retail industry. Selection of suitable retail locations, timely store expansion and careful design interiors are important factors that maximize profitability in a long-term horizon.
Learning the relevance is everything that makes Alreimis a growing and sustainable organization. With its know-how in retail space & staff optimization, logistics and supply-chain management, overheads are kept to a minimum. Efficiency in retail operations and creative customer relationship management are keys to creating the ideal exciting shopping experience.
The company will continue to expand the Craftholic brand under its leadership through online & social media channels, licensing collaboration businesses, influencing product R&D and increasing distribution into the South East Asia markets.
With a structured business model and proven track record, Alreimis Creations will seek out to woo new business ventures to establish many more successful brands into Singapore.
Earning trust thereby establishing genuine relationship with our customers is one of the core values of the company. Employing honest pricing and marketing campaigns, changes to customers' feedback, responsible in ensuring our products meet the safest and highest consumer quality standards, and providing exchange & refund policies are worries-free shopping experience for all our customers. Lastly our 5-shopping touches creates the best shopping experience!
Ongoing monetary and gifts sponsorship for selected charity, elderly and children organization.
Advocating entrepreneurship with a cause through talks and private forums.
Creating employment opportunities that looks beyond qualifications and traditional attributes.
Licensing, Collaboration & Reselling in South East Asia opportunities are available. Do drop us an email to briefly introduce your company, the business strategy and sales projection for the next 3 years.


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FoodReference.com (Since 1999)
RECIPE SECTION - Over 10,000 Recipes
Home | Food Articles | Food Trivia | Today in Food History | Food Timeline | Recipes
Cooking Tips | Videos | Food Quotes | Who's Who | Food Trivia Quizzes | Food Poems
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CULINARY SCHOOLS and
From Amateur & Basic Cooking Classes to Professional Chef Training & Degrees
More than 1,000 schools & classes listed for all 50 States, Online and Worldwide
and other Publications
An extensive selection of free food, beverage & agricultural magazines, e-books, etc.
Fast & Fit: 150 Quick & Healthy Everyday Recipes Ready in Just 30 Minutes or Less
by Ellen Haas
Serving size: 1 chicken breast
Serves: 4
• 4 boneless, skinless chicken breasts, about 4 to 6 ounces each
• 8 sun-dried tomatoes, drained
• 1/2 bunch basil
• 1½ tablespoons olive oil
• 1/4 cup balsamic vinegar
• 3/4 cup chicken stock
Cooking Instructions
1. Cut a deep horizontal pocket in the side of each chicken breast. Make the pocket as large as you can without piercing the top or bottom of the breast. Place 2 slices of tomato and about 4 basil leaves in the pocket of each chicken breast. Secure the pocket with toothpicks threading along the side to close.
2. Heat the oil in a heavy oven-proof skillet until it begins to smoke. Cook each side of the chicken until golden brown.
3. Add the vinegar and chicken stock and bring to a boil. Lower the heat and gently simmer the chicken for 2 or 3 minutes per side until cooked through.
4. Remove the chicken breasts from the skillet and keep warm. Continue to cook the sauce until it is reduced to a thick syrup.
5. Taste the sauce and and season with salt and pepper. Spoon the sauce over each chicken breast.
Nutrition Information
Per Serving: Calories 228; Fat 7 g; Protein 34 g; Sodium 200 mg; Carbohydrate 5 g; Fiber 1 g; Saturated Fat 1 g
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All rights reserved. You may copy and use portions of this website for non-commercial, personal use only. Any other use of these materials without prior written authorization is not very nice and violates the copyright.
Please take the time to request permission.


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AgelessGod... Model
CLIXX22Photographer Male San Leandro, California, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/clixx22
Mayhem # 234186
About Me
I'm an experienced photogragher that has gotten models multiple jobs from my work. I would like to meet and network with other photographers and models . My goal is to someday be among the best Photographers in the country at what I do. I currently shooting in studio and building my brand and my portfolio to get my business off the ground I do offer to trade potraits for female models only if no travel is involved. I've worked with Jose Melendez of wild 94.9 party's and concerts, I'm currently working on a Book and want to network here for models and share my work. Real fun photographer. No stress. Let's have fun with it.
Have you worked with CLIXX22? Add Credits for CLIXX22! >>
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text:
Little Nemo Pilot (1987)
Type Special
Airing Status Finished Airing
Duration 10 min. per episode
Air Date 1987
Producers Tokyo Movie Shinsha, TMS Entertainment
Genres adventure

Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland was released in American theaters in 1992. However, at one point earlier in its development many people from Studio Ghibli (Spirited Away, My Neighbour Totoro) had been involved with the project. In 1984 they produced a test pilot. In 1987, Osamu Dezaki directed a third one (as a very first one was made by Sadao Tsukioka in the mid-1970s).

Recent EpisodesAll Episodes
No Episodes Found
Anime Relations


text:
Last week, Martin Wolf drew international attention to the work of Professor Sinn of the German IFO Institute, who has made a series of alarming claims about the build-up of Target2 imbalances within the European System of Central Banks. Professor Sinn focused on the fact that the Bundesbank is now in credit to other European central banks to the tune of €325bn, with the offsetting debits being held by the central banks of troubled peripheral economies (which Professor Sinn calls the GIPS, an acronym which I prefer to the PIGS).
Sinn also claimed that the provision of German credit to the GIPS had effectively sucked lending capability out of the German banks, thus holding back the German economic recovery. This has triggered an intense debate about whether Germany is at risk from the potential failure of these debts, and whether the ECB has engaged in a "stealth bailout" of the GIPS. (For latecomers to the debate, see Paul Krugman, Tracy Alloway, Olaf Storbeck and Geoffrey Smith.) Read more


text: "A round is a 6-second unit of game time used to manage combat. Every combatant may take at least... Round "A minute is 10 rounds of combat, or 60 seconds. Minute "An hour is, in real life, 60 minutes or 600 rounds. Usally in a module, like the Official... Hour Pages in category "Time measures" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. H HourM MinuteR Round Retrieved from "http://nwn2.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Time_measures?oldid=4791" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Game rules Add category Cancel Save


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Tickets Available for 2013 K-State Volleyball Banquet
Tickets Available for 2013 K-State Volleyball Banquet
Dec. 9, 2013
MANHATTAN, Kan. – K-State volleyball and head coach Suzie Fritz would like to invite Wildcats fans to the 2013 Volleyball Banquet on the Club Level of the West Stadium Center on Saturday, December 14 at 6 pm.
The program will recognize the senior class and honor the achievements from the past season as well as show appreciation for the K-State volleyball family.
Tickets are available for $22 per person. Please RSVP with Diana Loomis of K-State volleyball by Thursday, December 12. To order tickets, call (785) 532-5935.
The Wildcats completed their 2013 season with an 18-11 record and garnered several accolades, including a conference-best nine Academic All-Big 12 selections, three in-season tournament championships and two All-Big 12 selections, Kaitlynn Pelger (First Team) and Katie Brand (All-Freshman).


text:
Ritu Kumar
$ 359
Ekam By Manish
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Latha Puttana
$ 563
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White, green & pink striped jacket
$ 500
A white linen jacket enhanced with horizontal striped pattern in green, blue and pink shades. It fits true to its style.
Please select a size for an estimated delivery time.
Product will be shipped within 5 weeks from the date of purchase.
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text: The responsive design already makes XenForo great on mobile devices. We almost do not need an app. But one thing is missing: Instant PUSH notifications. If XenForo would have PUSH notifications then users could be notified of new alerts , events on their mobile device, in their browser, etc. This keeps users up to date and pulls off site users back onto the website. Possibly with the addition of mini-apps.


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Serious cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and vascular events, including myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmia, cerebrovascular hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, hypertension, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages, and pulmonary hemorrhage have been reported post-marketing in temporal association with the use of Viagra. Most, but not all, of these patients had preexisting cardiovascular risk factors. Many of these events were reported to occur during or shortly after sexual activity, and a few were reported to occur shortly after the use of Viagra without sexual activity. Others were reported to have occurred hours to days after the use of Viagra and sexual activity. It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to Viagra, to sexual activity, to the patient's underlying cardiovascular disease, to a combination of these factors, or to other factors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Patient Counseling Information (17)].
"We can't always figure out why," adds Brian Donnelly, who is standing nearby. "But I can guarantee it has something to do with making money."?Qué sucede si me salto una dosis? viagra 100 "This insurance exclusion makes no sense," said Dr. Luella Klein, Director of Women?s Health Services in a May ACOG press release. "Contraception provides great savings to the health care system, yet it is the individual woman who is shouldering the burden of this cost savings to insurers," she said. It's certainly not a bottom-line issue: according to a report in the American Journal of Public Health, a fifteen percent increase in the number of oral contraceptive users in a health plan would provide enough savings in pregnancy costs alone to provide oral contraceptive coverage for all users in the plan.Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Erectile Dysfunction/Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaIn a rat prenatal and postnatal development study at doses of 60, 200, and 1000 mg/kg, a reduction in postnatal survival of pups was observed. The no observed effect level (NOEL) for maternal toxicity was 200 mg/kg/day and for developmental toxicity was 30 mg/kg/day. This gives approximately 16 and 10 fold exposure multiples, respectively, of the human AUC for the MRHD of 20 mg.
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Engine issues related to valve guide wear are common. Oil consumption, smoking at first startup, and valve train noise are all symptomatic of loose guides and worn valve stems. The valve train is complex and should be thoroughly inspected if a problem arises. Worn turbocharger bearings can also be a component in engine oil consumption.
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text: We'll be visiting Olana, the home of Frederic Church, who was an important landscape painter of the nineteenth century in Hudson, New York. Don't know anything about the area and would appreciate recommendations for places to eat within a 20 mile or so radius. Also any other places to see in that area. Thanks.


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|Original Continuity
Hei Hou is an axe wielding Badnik created by Dr. Ivo Robotnik.
Fight in Mushroom Hill
Hei Hou encountered Sonic the Hedgehog and Miles "Tails" Prower in Mushroom Hill Zone where it swung its axe at Sonic, who managed to avoid the surprise attack. Sonic managed to avoid another swing and attacked it from behind, finishing off the robot for good. It was later either rebuilt or duplicated by Archimedes and sent to attack Knuckles the Echidna during an early lesson that the enigmatic Fire Ant sought to teach his pupil. (SaK; STT)
Background Information
- Hei Hou was based on the sub-boss of the same name in the Sega Genesis video game, Sonic the Hedgehog 3 & Knuckles. It was unnamed in the comic, but is considered tier 2 canon by this site's canon policy, as it does not contradict already established canon from tier 1.


text:
The Electronic Healthcare Network Accreditation Commission, which certifies entities that process transactions or exchange health information for meeting best practices, has finalized 2015 criteria for all 15 of its programs.
Applicants beginning an accreditation process during 2015 will fall under the updated criteria, including a new program for practice management system vendors.
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text:
As Ballard natives, its always been our dream to open a neighborhood cafe. In 2015, that dream manifested as Toast. We are a local, family owned, and family operated café. We take pride in our food, so all of our products are made fresh, in house, from scratch. The Toast kitchen is an extension of our home, so all of our ingredients are locally sourced, supporting other families just like us. We truly are greatful for your business and from our family to yours:
Stay Toasty


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Added: Wednesday, March 21, 2012
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Nothing is a treat for a MILF like a bad girl she can make her do all the things she wanted to do when she was pre-MILF. Carly's been a bad girl (well we think shes a good girl...but thats all interpretation anyway). Mandy will have none of it and takes her to her little sex slave and make Carly "earn" her way back. She holds nothing back as she shows her how to do it right forcing her head all the way on his cock then has her spread that wet pussy and mount the restrained guy. But once she gets going he gets untied and lets her have it. Like a nice mom she shares with her little student at the end.
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Farm to table for Kids
A 4-day cooking camp is geared toward children ages 9-12 year olds. They learn about Minnesota produce and how to make it part of delicious and nutritious meals. Kids cooking camp for 9-12 year olds at The Good Acre, Falcon Heights
Rookie day at Vikings training camp
Rookies took the field Monday at Minnesota State University Mankato Monday July 24, 2017 in Mankato , MN. Coach Mike Zimmer's goal: Make sure these rookies are ready to contribute more than last year's rookies.
Gallery: Detroit 9, Twins 6
Gallery: Detroit 9, Twins 6
Vikings arrive for training camp
Rookies, QBs and select players arrived Sunday for training camp in Mankato.
Highlights from Rock the Garden 2017 at Walker Art Center
Prince's Revolution and Benjamin Booker were among the big acts playing to a sold out crowd at Rock the Garden outside the Walker Art Center.


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How rich is Jarome Iginla?
Jarome Iginla Net Worth:
$60 Million
|Birth date:
|July 1, 1977
|Birth place:
|Edmonton, Canada
|6 ft (1.85 m)
|210 lbs (95.25 kg)
|Ice hockey player, Athlete
|Kara Iginla (m. 2003)
|Jade Iginla, Tij Iginla, Joe Iginla
|Elvis Iginla, Susan Iginla
|Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy, Art Ross Trophy, Ted Lindsay Award, King Clancy Memorial Trophy, Mark Messier Leadership Award, Best NHL Player ESPY Award, NHL Foundation Player Award
|Hart Memorial Trophy, Calder Memorial Trophy
Jarome Iginla net worth, wiki & biography:
Jarome Iginla Net Worth $18 Million
Jarome Iginla is a Canadian professional ice hockey player that has an estimated net worth of $18 million. Subsequently, he played for three years for the Kamloops Blazers. And additionally, he received the George Parsons Prize in 1995 and Four Broncos Memorial Trophy in 1996. During the NHL Entry Draft in 1995, he was chosen by the Dallas Stars as first pick, 11th complete but Iginla was traded to the Calgary Flames. He started playing for the Flames during the 1996 Stanley Cup Playoffs. Iginla's 16th year career together with the team led him to transfer to the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2013. Besides playing for the league, Iginla represented Canada in numerous international ice hockey contest including the Winter Olympics and World Cup of Hockey. Jarome Arthur-Leigh Adekunle Tig Junior Elvis Iginla was produced on July 1, 1977 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. He's married to his high school love, Kara and has three kids. In his spare time, he plays golf and became a regular player in the Calgary Flames Celebrity Charity Golf Classic.


text:
1005 Oak Park Way, Lakeport, CA 95453
- Sold
- Closed
- Single Family
- 4 Beds
- 3 Full Baths
- 2,478 Sq. Ft.
- 2 Car Garage
1005 Oak Park Way, Lakeport, CA 95453 View this property at 1005 Oak Park Way, Lakeport, CA 95453
1005 Oak Park Way Lakeport CA 95453
Map & Location
Street View
Property Description
Beautiful Custom home on almost an acre in one of Lakeport's Nicest Neighborhoods . Quality features in each room including newer hardwood floors through out and high end white shutters. High ceilings and open floor plan make this home seem much bigger than the 2481 sq ft. Large living room with newer carpet, office just off the entry or can be used for a formal dining room. The family room opens to the kitchen/dining area, built in gas fireplace and french doors to the patio. Beautiful Cherry cabinetry and lots of them, granite counter tops, pantry and dry bar make this a chef's dream. Double door entry into the large Master suite with lots of windows for good natural light. Master bath includes newer tile floors and shower, dual sink
Full Property Details for 1005 Oak Park Way
- Sold For: $525,000
- Status: Closed
- Type: Single Family
- Added: 241 day(s) ago
Property History
- 1005 Oak Park Way, Lakeport, CA
- Sold at $525,000 on 1/27/17
- Listed at $549,000 on 11/29/16
- Rooms/Areas: Entry, Family Room, Jack & Jill, Kitchen, Laundry, Living Room, Master Suite, Office, Separate Family Room, Utility Room, Walk-In Closet, Walk-In Pantry
- Interior Features: Bathtub, Built-Ins, Cathedral-Vaulted Ceilings, Ceiling Fan, Coffered Ceiling(s), Corian Counters, Dry Bar, Granite Counters, High Ceilings (9 Feet+), Kitchen Open to Family Room, Low-Flow Shower, Low-Flow Toilet(s), Open Floor Plan, Pantry, Recessed Lighting, Shower, Shower in Tub
- Fireplace: Yes
- Fireplace(s): Family Room, Propane, Blower Fan, Heatilator
- Eating Areas: Breakfast Counter/Bar, Breakfast Nook, In Kitchen
- Appliances: Built-In Range, Convection Oven, Dishwasher, Electric Oven, Garbage Disposal, Microwave, Propane Range, Propane Water Heater, Self Cleaning Oven
- Flooring: Ceramic Tile, Hardwood, Partially Carpeted
- Total Bathrooms: 3
- Full Bathrooms: 3
- Total Bedrooms: 4
Other Rooms
- Laundry: Individual Room, Washer Hookup
Additional Information
- Pool Description: None
- Spa Description: None
- Deck/Patio: Concrete, Deck, Open Patio, Porch - Front, Wood
- Garage: Yes
- Garage Spaces: 2
- Parking: Driveway, Driveway - Concrete, Garage, Garage (Direct Access), Garage (Side Entry), RV Access/Parking, Off-Street
- County: Lake
- Driving Directions: Hill Rd East or Lakeshore Blvd to Park Way to Oak Park on left hand side of street
- Direction Faces: North
School Information
- School District: Lakeport Unified
- Middle School: Terrace Middle
- High School: Lakeport
- Community Features: Foothills, Hunting, Suburban
Heating & Cooling
- Cooling Type: Central, Heat Pump
- Heating Type: Central Furnace, Forced Air, Propane
- Water: Public
Structural Information
- Architectural Style: Ranch
- Structure Type: Single Family Residence
- Construction: Wood Siding
- Foundation: Concrete Perimeter
- Roof: Composition
- Common Walls: No Common Walls
- Windows: Blinds, Plantation Shutters
- Doors: French Doors
- Entry Location: ground
- Stories/Levels: One
- Stories Description: One
- Square Feet: 2,478
- Year Built: 2005
- Year Built Source: Assessor
- Property Condition: Turnkey
Additional Structures
- Other Structures: Outbuilding
Lot Features
- Property View: Hills, Neighborhood, Trees/Woods
- Lot Size (Acres): 0.91
- Lot Size Source: Assessor
- Irrigation System: Sprinkler System
- Zoning: SR
- Lot Description: Back Yard, Front Yard, Landscaped, Lawn, Level with Street, Lot Over 40000 Sqft, Level/Flat Lot, Near Public Transit, Sprinkler System, Sprinklers in Front, Sprinklers in Rear, Sprinklers Timer
- Fencing (Description): Chain Link, Wood
Financial Considerations
- Price Per Sq. Ft.: $211.86
Disclosures and Reports
- Special Conditions: Standard
Listed by Coldwell Banker Towne and Cou, Marsha Holder


text:
The azaleas and dogwoods are beginning to blossom in Georgia, their captivating color and sweeter-than-sweet fragrance signaling the Masters aren't far behind. There's just something about the flowers and tall, gracious pines on the world's most iconic golf tournament that casts a magical spell on Augusta National and transforms it into more garden than golf course.
The Masters may indeed be the main event in Augusta, but long after the last prayers are uttered at Amen Corner, long after the roars of the crowd grow faint, and long after the glorious spring flowers fade, the historic city is abuzz with festivals, events and excellent restaurants.
Eat your heart out
Like food? Just as hotdogs and pretzels are to baseball, pimento cheese and egg salad sandwiches are to the Masters. As fresh and delicious as they are, no one can live on bread alone. The fare at Augusta's restaurants runs the gamut from simple Southern favorites like grandmother-inspired fried chicken and collard greens to special-occasion gourmet fare.
"I love the Masters," says Emma Newsome, who, between bites of catfish-filled taco at the Rooster's Beak, one of Augusta's trendy downtown restaurants, says she makes the trek to the tournament every year from her home in Tennessee. "I'm from a small town, so when I come here, I'm always a little overwhelmed by the wide range of restaurants here. Who knew that Augusta had such great food?"
The Rooster's Beak specializes in tacos filled with Southern-inspired ingredients like catfish, chicken, and pulled pork – sort of where Mexico meets the South – and is more on the casual side. For more upscale dining, think five- and seven-course dinners, an Augusta favorite is La Maison on Telfair, located in an elegant 1853 mansion in the historic district.
The Bee's Knees takes Augusta around the world with Thai, Spanish, Cajun, Mediterranean, Japanese, and French cuisine, while Frog Hollow Tavern incorporates uniquely Georgia ingredients like Sapelo Island Clams, Georgia Wild Shrimp, and Vidalia Onions into their dishes.
The menu choices and desserts at the Boll Weevil Cafe and Sweetery are as Southern as the cafe's name: Fried Green Tomatoes, Bubba Nachos and 7th Heaven Cake. Manuel's Bread Cafe in North Augusta mixes up traditional French dishes with rich European-style desserts.
Sconyers Bar-B-Que is a Georgia institution since 1956 and was featured in People magazine as one of the top 10 barbecue joints in the United States. The favorite is ribs, which are often shipped to official Georgia event and once even the White House, but everything else is good, too. And try the P.I. Bar and Grill, located inside the Old South-style Partridge Inn, where the verandah overlooks the leafy Summerville historic district.


text:
Philips Hue Wireless Dimming Kit Review
Dimming lights used to be easy with incandescent bulbs, but the new age of LEDs can be a flickering, migraine-inducing mess. Philips believes its Hue Wireless Dimming Kit is the answer, the combination of a simple white bulb with an equally straightforward remote that can be left on a coffee table or easily wall-mounted. Though Philips is pitching the $40 set at novices, there's plenty for the Hue enthusiast to find appealing, however, not least the remote control.


text:
Housekeeper in Naples
Sparkle Suds Cleaning is a full service (licensed and insured) cleaning company that specializes in: ~ Residential Cleaning ~ Commercial Cleaning ~ Foreclosure Cleaning ~ Move Out Cleaning ~ Construction Cleaning We offer service for as little or often as you would like. Please call or e-mail today at show contact info to schedule your cleaning now! Let's us make your home or office sparkle!!! **Now offering $25 off your first visit!!!
Housekeeper Details
|Email Address
|Phone Number
|239-228-... Confirmed
Bathroom Cleaning
Kitchen Cleaning
General Room Cleaning
Change Bed Linens
Cabinet Cleaning
Window Washing
Surface Polishing
Wall Washing
House Sitting
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text:
CARE students take bridge to a bright future
This year, CARE received almost 5,000 applications for just over 400 coveted spots in this year's cohort. It's no surprise the nationally recognized department has been gaining popularity with its incredible success in helping first-generation and underrepresented students make a smooth transition to college life.
Read more
Visit our news sites for more national and international stories from Florida State.
Research News
Be Zika Aware


text:
Today, I took my dog for a walk down by the river. I was throwing sticks for him with one hand and talking on the phone with the other. Then I accidentally threw my phone in the river instead of the stick and was standing there talking to the stick while my phone sat at the bottom of the river. FML
I have a quite disturbing sense of humor.
It's in the can!Hey, you uploaded your photo, and you're cute as a kitten!100%
Consolation prizeYour FML was denied. We had to at least give you a badge to cheer you up a bit.100%
The thumb strikes backYou have left your thumbprint on 2500 comments.0%
The return of the thumbYou have thumbed 5000 comments.0%
Keen reader – Level: student ninjaYou have voted for 15% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.44%
Keen reader – Level: master ninjaYou have voted for 50% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.13%
Keen reader – Level: godlike ninjaYou have voted for 100% of the entire collection of FMLs to date.7%
One more and it's business timeYou've received 68 Hugs on your profile. Kinky.7%
By El Boz - / Sunday 22 February 2009 14:52 / United States
Today, I had to call 911. Why? My fireplace caught on fire. FML
By fire / Tuesday 15 December 2009 00:00 / United States
Today, my furnace and all of my heating systems broke down. A fridge is 3 degrees Celsius; it is now 2 degrees Celsius in my house. I would be warmer in my fridge. FML
By FrozenD / Saturday 12 December 2009 16:55 / Canada
Today, while on the phone with a client at work, I was planning on saying either "Yeah." or "Uh-huh." Without thinking, I combined the two and ended up saying "Yee-hah," like a cowboy. FML
By Jen - / Tuesday 1 December 2009 17:25 / United States
Today, my dad and mom and I were going out to eat dinner. My dad wanted a romantic dinner just with my mom so he told me to make an excuse not to go. I did, which ended up as a huge fight, grounded and phone taken away. My dad just stood there in the background putting thumbs up. FML
By Yoooooo0 - / Sunday 29 November 2009 18:10 / United States


text:
login with
Can you over feed a newborn?
My one month old regularly eats around 6 OZ. and will eat up to 8OZ at times. Our pediatrician told us we need to stop her after 3 OZ. but I don't feel right letting her cry when she's hungry. She has breast milk and formula.
I don't formula feed BUT I was told once that my girl could use me as a pacifier. Basically she was done eating but still really wants to suck so she keeps going. Maybe that's what's happening to your daughter? It's like her "I need to suck" instinct is overpowering her "I'm full" signal . Have you tried giving her a pacifier after 3-4oz to see if that makes her feel better?
that does sound like quite a lot for a 1 month old. My 10 month old does 6 oz and only started doing 4oz around 6 months and 6 oz around 8
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David Greatbatch eBooks
eBooks found: 1
Management Speak: Why We Listen to What Management Gurus Tell Us
Timothy Clark & David Greatbatch
Routledge, October 2012
Format: ePub
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 26, 2005
|Filing date
|Dec 18, 2000
|Priority date
|Dec 18, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David Hull
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (76), Classifications (13), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for generating translations of natural language terms, and in particular to a corpus-based technique for translating unknown terminology in a specific domain.
2. Description of the Related Art
Presently, there are several important applications of terminology translation. The most common applications are Cross-Language Text Retrieval (CLIR), semi-automatic bilingual thesaurus enhancement, and machine-aided human translation.
In cross-language text retrieval, the goal is to be able to retrieve documents in response to a query written in a different language. The standard approach to CLIR is to translate the query into all possible target languages and then apply standard monolingual retrieval techniques. The most significant problem in CLIR is out-of-vocabulary terms, i.e. terms which do not appear in existing bilingual resources.
Semi-automatic bilingual thesaurus enhancement is needed because complete bilingual thesauri and terminology dictionaries do not exist in practice since new terms and new variants are always being created. Thus, it is a significant problem that bilingual thesauri are usually rather incomplete and not up to date. The same problem arises in performing machine-aided human translation.
Technical terminology is one of the most difficult challenges in translation. The ideal approach to translate such terms is to read extensively in the source language to understand what the new term means, then read extensively from similar material in the target language in order to discover the most appropriate translation. This is an extremely time-consuming process.
Therefore, several techniques have being developed for extracting translation equivalents from comparable corpora. Comparable corpora are sets of documents in different languages that come from the same domain and have similar genre and content.
All of these techniques represent words by term co-occurrence profiles. Term co-occurrence profiles have been used for monolingual applications, such as word sense disambiguation, and the use of term profiles generated by shallow parsers has also been explored for monolingual applications.
Comparable corpora are an important resource for cross-language text retrieval, and a number of methods for defining the similarity between terms in different languages have been developed, including similarity thesauri, latent semantic indexing, and probabilistic translation models. However, these approaches are all based on comparable corpora which are aligned at the document, paragraph, or sentence level. Aligned documents are translations of one another or are closely linked in some other way.
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above situation, and has as its primary object to provide a method and apparatus for generating translations of natural language terms capable of exploiting unaligned comparable corpora, i.e. documents which are not translations of one another and which are not linked in any other way.
It is another object of the present invention to extract lists of potential translations for unknown terminology from a specialized domain and to improve the quality of the retrieved set of potential translations.
In terminology translation techniques, potential translations of a term can be ranked in descending order of their probability scores and presented to the user. It is therefore still another object of the present invention to obtain a better ranking of potential translations.
A further object of the present invention is to provide improved translation applications such as cross-language text retrieval, semi-automatic bilingual thesaurus enhancement, and machine-aided human translation.
Another object of the present invention is to increase the translation speed especially in the process of translating technical terminology.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus capable of being operated in an interactive system, thereby responding to user feedback in a manner allowing the user to work with the interactive system more easily.
These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent hereinafter.
To achieve these objects, the present invention provides a method of generating translations of natural language terms from a first language to a second language. The method comprises the steps of extracting a plurality of terms from unaligned comparable corpora of the first and second languages, assigning a category to each extracted term by accessing monolingual thesauri of the first and second languages, estimating category-to-category translation probabilities, and estimating term-to-term translation probabilities using said category-to-category translation probabilities.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for generating translations of natural language terms from a first language to a second language. The apparatus comprises a terminology extractor for extracting a plurality of terms from unaligned comparable corpora of the first and second languages. Further, the apparatus comprises a semantic classifier for assigning a category to each extracted term by accessing monolingual thesauri of the first and second languages. Moreover, the apparatus comprises a translation generation engine for estimating category-to-category translation probabilities and for estimating term-to-term translation probabilities using said category-to-category translation probabilities.
By using these approaches of the present invention, unaligned comparable corpora can be exploited using monolingual thesauri and by estimating category-to-category translation probabilities, i.e. class-based translation probabilities.
In preferred embodiments, further improvements can be achieved by additionally applying class-based normalization of probability estimates, by taking into account bi-directionality, and/or by applying relative frequency normalization.
In other preferred embodiments there is provided an iterative probabilistic method and apparatus for terminology translation.
This invention has its primary applications in cross-language text retrieval, semi-automatic bilingual thesaurus enhancement, and machine aided human translation.
The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and form a part of the specification to illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. These drawings together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating preferred and alternative examples of how the invention can be made and used and are not to be construed as limiting the invention to only the illustrated and described embodiments. Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following and more particular description of the various embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The illustrated embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the figure drawings.
Referring now to the drawings and particularly to
The size of the corpora 100 required to make the invention work properly depends on the specificity of the domain. A very narrow domain, measured by the amount of specialized terminology, will require less text than a broader domain.
The corpora 100 are unaligned but comparable i.e. the corpora in the two languages S and T have similar coverage, that is they cover more or less the same subject matter within the domain. Obviously, an English corpus of heart disease and a German corpus of tropical diseases will not be satisfactory, even though both may come from the medical domain.
The system of
While the invention needs to have a monolingual thesaurus for each language, no bilingual or translational links are assumed between the two thesauri. Moreover, it is not necessary for the thesauri to completely cover the domain. The semantic classifier 120 can be used to automatically predict the class of unknown terms. The classifier 120 can be binary or probabilistic, i.e. it can express its predictions as vectors of probabilities of class membership.
Further, there is provided a translation generation engine 140 which receives the extracted terms from terminology extractor 110 and which further receives the assigned classes from the semantic classifier 120. The translation generation engine 140 is preferably further connected to bilingual general language dictionaries 150 for facilitating the translation between languages S and T and vice-versa.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a set of links 160 between a document in language S and a document in language T for documents from the corpora 100 may be provided. Aligned documents in this resource 160 do not necessarily consist of a document and its translation. They may be independently written versions of the same event, or independent descriptions of the symptoms of the same disease, for example. If the aligned documents are indeed translations, this resource is even more valuable.
Finally, there is provided a bilingual thesaurus 170 which might for instance be a bilingual terminology dictionary, thesaurus, or classification scheme or a language-independent ontology specific to the domain. As will be described in more detail below, the invention is able to find a list of possible translations for terms which do not appear in the bilingual thesaurus.
As apparent from
By using the monolingual thesauri 130, the semantic classifier 120 is capable of assigning a category to each term. Using existing term translation probabilities, a translation model for thesaurus categories can be developed. The model can either be built from scratch or used to enhance an existing bilingual thesaurus 170. In return, the category based translation model can be reapplied to the term translation model to improve the probability estimates. To give a general example, a term in the source language which is known to describe a type of disease is almost certain to be translated by a term in the target language describing a type of disease. Thus, by using model 10, the invention makes use of class-based (or category-to-category) translation probabilities.
The initial translation probability estimates treat each pair of words independently. However, there are certain strong dependencies in the data, particularly when conditioning on class membership. For example, a term which describes a disease and a term which describes a piece of medical equipment are unlikely to both be translations of the same term in the other language. Therefore, the probability estimates can be improved by performing some simple normalization steps. The most elementary hypothesis is that each term in the source language is translated by exactly one term in the target language. However, this hypothesis is clearly too restrictive even for a technical domain, where there is far less polysemy than in general language text.
Polysemous terms are terms with more than one meaning. Such terms may well have translations which come from more than one thesaurus category.
The above-mentioned hypothesis is too restrictive because terms have many variant forms and it is difficult to recognize and normalize for all such variations in advance. There is also the problem of granularity. A general term in one language, such as river, may by translated by several different terms rivi�re, fleuve in another language, each of which has a more specific meaning. Therefore, the model must be flexible enough to recognize that a term may have more than one translation.
The invention therefore provides with model 20 a class-based normalization of probability estimates, i.e. it makes the assumption that all translations of a term will come from the same thesaurus category. Term translation probabilities can then be re-normalized to satisfy this criterion. For example this might result in the condition: P(source language term=disease)+P(source language term=medical equipment)=1, where P denotes the probability value.
The bi-directional model 30 is provided to overcome the limitation that statistical translation models are almost always directional, reflecting the fact that the translation process starts with a source language and derives text in a target language. While this specification often refers to the concept of a source and a target language, in reality, this distinction is entirely arbitrary. The documents in both languages can be assumed to be original texts and not translations. Thus, the source/target concept can equally well be reversed without violating any of its basic assumptions. In fact, one can view the two directional models as complementary sources of information, and translation probabilities in both directions can be computed and combined. The resulting information can also be used to measure the uncertainty associated with a particular translation probability estimate.
Finally, the relative frequency of a term in the corpus can be measured by dividing the frequency of the term by the size of the corpus. This relative frequency normalization model 40 is based on the assumption that terms which describe the same concept should have similar relative frequencies when compared to unrelated terms. This assumption can for instance be tested using a training set of known correct and incorrect translations which will be described in more detail when discussing the process depicted in FIG. 5. If there is a sufficiently strong correlation between the frequency and the probability of being a correct translation, then a frequency-based component can be added to the translation model. This adjustment is helpful at the term level as well as at the class level.
The process of generating translations according to the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the flowchart diagrams.
Turning now to
Before discussing the iterative algorithm, reference is made to
There are many possible approaches of how to define the representation of the context and what is the best merging strategy. For example, one possible representation of the context is the set of content words which occur within a number of words of an instance of the term. One possible merging strategy is to treat the context as an unordered vector of words and compute the centroid of the context vectors for all instances of the term. The context could also be defined as the set of all syntactic relations which involve the given term. The profile might then consist of word/relation pairs. The basic assumption is that terms with similar meaning will tend to have similar context profiles.
Term profiles are constructed independently in language S and language T, preferably using existing corpora 100. The profiles consist of words from the same language as the term they represent, so they cannot be immediately compared across languages. In order to define a cross-language similarity function, one can either translate the profile using the existing bilingual dictionary 150 or convert both profiles to a language independent representation (step 310). This can for instance be done based on bilingual thesauri 170.
Once profiles in language S and language T have a common representation, the similarities Sim(s,t) and Sim(t, s) between term s and term t can be estimated in step 320 using a profile scoring function. For this purpose, one can choose an appropriate similarity function. For example, one could compute the inner product of the context vectors. If profiles are converted by translation, then there are two possible directions, from S to T or from T to S. Therefore, one can obtain two different values for the similarity function.
In the subsequent step 330, the similarity scores are converted into probability estimates. This process is illustrated in FIG. 5. The first steps are to build or acquire a training set of known correct and incorrect translations. A list of correct translations can be derived from the existing bilingual resources 150, 170. A list of incorrect translations will need to be constructed manually or semi-automatically. One can then fit a mapping function between a score and a probability using a standard function estimation technique such as logistic regression (step 530). For this transformation to give accurate results, the similarity scores must first be normalized in such a way that they are comparable for unrelated word pairs (step 520).
Thus, by using the process of
As apparent from
Let Pi(s|t) be the probability in iteration i that the term s is a possible translation of the term t, and Pi(t|s) the probability that t is a possible translation of s. Then the steps 210 and 220 generate new values Pi+1(s|t) and Pi+1(t|s). Using these directional translation probabilities, a bi-directional translation probability Pi+1(s⇄t) is then calculated in step 230. This is preferably done by estimating the overall term translation probability by the geometric mean of the directional term translation probabilities:
P i−1(s⇄t)=√{square root over (P i−1(s|t)�P i+1(t|s))}{square root over (P i−1(s|t)�P i+1(t|s))}.
It is then determined in step 240 whether the iterative algorithm is assumed to stop. Preferably, the algorithm will run for a fixed number of iterations. If this number has not yet been reached, the process continues with step 250. In this step the directional probabilities are set to the bi-directional value:
P i+1(s|t)=P i+1(t|s)=P i+1(s⇄t),
and the process returns to step 210.
The estimation of directional probabilities in steps 210 and 220 each perform, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the process depicted in FIG. 6.
Let Cs be the category of term s, Ct the category of term t, and P(Ct|s) the probability that a translation of s comes from category Ct. The categories Cs and Ct are obtained by applying the semantic classifiers 120 to s and t respectively.
The process of estimating directional translational probabilities then starts with estimating term-to-category probabilities. In step 600, full dependence between the terms in category Ct is assumed:
while in step 610 full independence is assumed:
Since the true term-to-category translation probability is somewhere in between, an approximation is then done in step 620 using a global tuning constant c0. This is preferably done by taking the linear combination of the full dependence and the full independence values:
P i(C t |s)=c 0 �P D i(C t |s)+(1−c 0)�P I i(C t |s).
Using the approximated term-to-category translation probability, the normalization constraints described above can be enforced (step 630):
ΣP(C t |s)=1 and ΣP(C t |t)=1.
Then, in step 640, class-based translation probabilities (i.e. category-to-category translation probabilities) are estimated. This is preferable done by solving the equation
where P(s′|Cs) can be estimated from the corpus frequency counts for each terms s′ in Cs.
The term-to-category translation probabilities are then adjusted in step 650 towards the class-based translation probability:
P i+1(C t |s)=λi �P i(C t |s)+(1−λi)�P i(C t |C s).
The tuning constant λi will shrink to zero as the number of iterations increases to promote the stability in the final estimates.
After enforcing the normalization constraint in step 660
the directional translation probability is calculated in step 670. This is done by solving the equations used in steps 600 to 620 for Pi+1(t′|s) for all terms t′ in category Ct, given the constraints
P i+1(t′|s)=k i �P i(t′|s) for all t′εCt.
The process of
In another preferred embodiment, the normalization constraints enforced in steps 630 and 660 are replaced with a more general assumption
where φs(n) is the probability that term s has valid translations in n different categories. The basic model assumes φs(1)=1.0, and φs(n)=0 for all other values of n.
This assumption is in particular advantageous if there are many polysemous terms in the corpus. Further, it is especially advantageous in case the thesaurus categories in one language are much more precise than the categories in the other language. A term with a general meaning in one language may well have multiple precise translations in the other language which come from different categories.
The estimation of φ will now be described.
If P(s|t)>>P(t|s) for terms from two or more classes Ct then it is possible that s could be translated by terms from all of these classes. For example, considering the French word argent and two possible English translations, silver and money, it is likely the P(argent|silver)=P(argent|money)=1, while P(silver/argent)=0.2 and P(money/argent)=0.8 if money and silver belong to different semantic classes, due to the initial normalization constraint. In this case, it is φ(2)=1.0 for the term argent. This model can also recognize that some terms may not be translated by allowing φ(0)>0.
While the invention has been described referring to a single language pair (S, T), it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the technique according to the present invention may likewise be applied to a larger set of languages on a pair-wise basis.
As apparent from the foregoing, the invention allows for extracting a ranked list of potential translation alternatives for an unknown technical term, i.e. a term which has no translations in existing bilingual resources. This is done by estimating class-based translation probabilities (category-to-category translation probabilities) and using this information to improve estimates on word-based translation probabilities. In this process, the classes come from monolingual thesauri. It will be appreciated, that the described technique can be extended to serve as a general method for cross-language information retrieval. Further, the invention can be used in conjunction with human experts to semi-automatically construct a bilingual thesaurus for a new domain. The invention can also be used to help human translators translate unknown technical terms.
Using the invention in cross-language text retrieval, the algorithm would help the system to produce a set of plausible translation alternatives for out-of-vocabulary terms. A list of the most likely translations could be integrated directly into the retrieval model without manual intervention.
Another important application is thesaurus linking. Monolingual thesauri tend to be much more complete and up to date than their bilingual counterparts for most domains. The class-based translation probabilities P(Cs|Ct) and P(Ct|Cs) can be used to automatically estimate links between different thesaurus classes. This information can either be used directly for concept-based cross-language text retrieval or serve as a starting point for semi-automatic bilingual thesaurus enhancement.
Another important advantage of the invention is that the algorithm can substantially speed the process by proposing a list of likely translated alternatives and providing pointers to texts which use the terms.
Further preferred embodiments may be derived when using the invention to help human translators. Using the translation probabilities estimated by this technique, every document, section, or paragraph could be scored according to the likelihood that it contains a correct translation. The most highly ranked pieces of text are those which the translator should read first, and potentially promising terms can be highlighted in the text. This is nearly equivalent to the cross-language text retrieval problem. The algorithm described here exploits training data to estimate the translation probabilities in an iterative manner. Therefore, another preferred embodiment involves an interactive system which responds to user feedback. For example, if the top ranked proposed translation is marked correct or incorrect by the user, the system could immediately retain or filter out all other translations which come from the same thesaurus category.
While the invention has been described with respect to the preferred physical embodiments constructed in accordance therewith, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, variations and improvements of the present invention may be made in the light of the above teachings and within the purview of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope of the invention. In addition, those areas in which it is believed that those of ordinary skill in the art are familiar, have not been described herein in order to not unnecessarily obscure the invention described herein. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited by the specific illustrative embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|704/2, 704/277, 704/1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 20, 2001
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text:
- Description
Can be used to treat: Lateral Epicondylitis (tennis elbow). Medial Epicondylitis (golfer's elbow). Post elbow Arthroscopy. Elbow strains or sprains. Pre and Post-Operative elbow conditions. Chronic swelling and edema. Arthritis/osteoarthritis. Size is determined by loosely measuring the circumference of the arm, with the arm slightly bent, at 4.75 inches below the lateral elbow bone. Worn by many professional athletes, EpiTrain is our most popular elbow support.See Details tab for Sizing.
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text:
CAMBRIDGE – China's economic policymakers want to shift the country's production away from exports and heavy industry, and to increase the share of consumption in GDP. A relatively simple institutional change to encourage health-care insurance could do much to promote the latter goal.
A higher level of consumer spending would raise the average Chinese family's standard of living, a primary component of what China's leaders now call the "Chinese Dream." Faster growth in consumer spending would also reverse the recent slowdown in GDP growth, providing the extra demand needed to create employment for the millions of Chinese who are leaving agriculture and the millions more who are graduating from the country's universities.
Consumer spending in China now accounts for just 36% of GDP, about half the consumption share of GDP in the United States and Western Europe. This remarkably low level reflects both the small share of household income in total GDP and the high rate of household saving.
Chinese officials hope that higher household incomes will boost consumer spending, as the tightening labor market causes wages to rise and as urbanization shifts workers from low-productivity farm work to higher-wage employment in the cities.