text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 16, 2006
|Filing date
|Jul 19, 1999
|Priority date
|Jul 21, 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Michael P. Maloney, John M. Suit, Christopher J. Scott, Francis M. Woodus, Rich Rubel, Joseph Karolchik, Holly D. Dontas
|Original Assignee
|Computer Associates Think, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (31), Non-Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (63), Classifications (10), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/093,554, filed Jul. 21, 1998, entitled Information Security Analysis System.
This invention relates to an information security analysis system for mitigation of Internet security issues and computer source and executable code visualization problems. In addition, the invention relates to an information security analysis system for offensive and defensive Internet analysis and protection of commercial and national infrastructures.
Worldwide Internet usage continues to grow at a phenomenal rate. Users include governments, institutions, businesses, and individuals, all of which have connected to the Internet for the purpose of conducting daily activities. Unfortunately, the development and implementation of security measures designed to make Internet connection a secure means of communication have not kept pace with the technological advances in the expansion of network development and interconnectivity. As a result Internet users and networks risk having their information compromised by hackers and malicious users who continue to find ways to exploit and subvert networks and data.
Used appropriately, firewall technologies can help to secure the "front door" of corporate intranets, but these technologies have trouble keeping pace with the applications, services and security that users demand. Although many products have been developed that facilitate network topology discovery, few of these are able to act passively.
Intranet security and monitoring needs are continuing to increase in both government and private industry. This is substantiated almost daily in trade publications and Internet news groups. More concrete proof of this resides in the increased requirements for security related skills outlined in government requests for proposals. Both government and private industry are spending significant amounts of time and money to address intranet mapping, monitoring, intrusion detection and computer security. This has lead to a prolific amount of organizations, offering to provide intranet computer security services, analysis tools, and associated products.
The system of the present invention acts passively and provides a methodology for performing a detailed analysis of data observed during a monitoring session.
Without introducing additional traffic on a network, the system of the present invention produces a virtual picture of network usage and network vulnerabilities. By organizing the inputs of multiple collection tools into visual schematics, Security Administrators become proactive in assessing network weaknesses and in identifying optimum locations for implementing security measures. With the information revealed by the system of the present invention, Security Administrators can identify potential traffic bottlenecks, locate the existence of backdoors, reduce bandwidth usage, develop profiles of users, and pinpoint illicit activity.
The software system of the present invention includes four interconnected modules: passive network discovery, network data recording, network data parsing, and network data analysis tools. Network data visualization capabilities are contained within the passive network discovery and network data analysis modules. The software system enables computer code analysis and the 3-D visualization and animation of network traffic and structure. Optional plug-ins further expand and enhance the software capabilities, thus allowing the software system to remain current regardless of network evolution.
The system of the present invention enables a system administrator to map the network, determine normal and abnormal usage patterns, locate virus attacks, manage network allocation, and display the network.
More technically, the analysis system is a collection, configuration and integration of software programs that reside on multiple interconnected computer platforms. The software, less computer operating systems, are a combination of sensor, analysis, data conversion, and visualization programs. The hardware platforms consist of several different types of interconnected computers, sharing the software programs, data files, and visualization programs via a Local Area Network (LAN). It is this collection and integration of software and the migration to a single computer platform that results in an approach to LAN/WAN monitoring in either a passive and/or active mode. For example, router and firewall software can be monitored in near real time to determine if the code has been functionally changed regardless of security precautions. LAN/WAN data contained in the protocols from the Data Link to Presentation layers in the OSI model are available for analysis with associated displays in two and three-dimensional space.
The architecture also enables digital data input from external sensors for analysis, display and correlation with data and displays derived from four major software groups. These are: Virus Computer Code Detection; Analysis of Computer Source and Executable Code; Dynamic Monitoring of Data Communication Networks; 3-D Visualization and Animation of Data.
The present analysis system templates and displays virus computer code in a graphical functional mode. Current techniques rely on bit stream or real-time monitoring to detect a computer virus in the host computer. The approach of the analysis system of the present invention examines the functionality of suspect code to determine if a computer virus is present prior to its execution in the host computer. The approach can be viewed as deriving a genetic structure and then determining if the genetic structure is resident, for example, in a computer program, file, or e-mail attachments.
Further, the analysis system of the present invention graphically displays and performs comparisons between like types of computer source and executable code in multi-dimensional space to determine if the code has undergone single or multiple functional alterations. The analysis system enables graphical analysis, code sequencing, and comparison of two or more similar source and/or executable computer programs to determine the degree of functional alteration. This can document, graph, animate, dynamically explore and determine functionality in a single computer source or executable program. The system of the present invention is also capable of sorting source and executable code by language and displaying the results in a graphical functional format. For example, a router's filter table file can be monitored periodically to determine if the file has been functionally changed regardless of current standard security precautions.
The analysis system of the present invention passively discovers the physical and virtual characteristics of digital data communication networks and simultaneously displays different digital communication networks in an interactive manner. Virtual discovery is defined as the ability to determine how the digital data network is being used by its participants and who is connecting to whom at any point in time. This process also determines the configuration changes in a digital data communication network over selectable time intervals. The physical presence of the analysis system of the present invention, in the passive mode, on a LAN/WAN system is undetectable when using conventional techniques, requires no user privileges, consumes no network bandwidth, and does not interfere with communications on LAN/WAN systems. The analysis system can quickly map SubNets and build complete networks as terminal activity increases. Each active terminal target in the network is mapped and displayed along with appended information. The displayed information shows both physical and virtual relationships, as well as network representations. The analysis system can also be combined with network probes to form remote monitoring, collaboration and discovery of LAN systems. In this scenario, a terminal acts as a master unit with input from the remote probes. In this mode of operation a passive mode of operation may or may not cease depending on whether collaboration is in-band and/or out-of-band.
The analysis system of the present invention dynamically displays, rotates, and animates any data it receives from the three major software groups in three or more dimensions. Simultaneous viewing of different types of digital data in either a physical and/or virtual realms is available.
In accordance with the present invention, the connectivity and functionality for each type of digital data is displayed. The data from each of the three major software groups can be displayed and rotated on any axis on two or more separate but connected visual plains. The process also displays connectivity between different types of data from the three major software groups to include data input from external sensors. The visualization software can append user definable symbols for easier understanding by an operator or analyst. The software interacts with a node via a "mouse click" and dynamically retrieves, decodes and displays information relating to the node that is represented by the three major software groups. In the event that the 3-D nodal diagrams become cluttered, the analyst contracts several nodes into single interconnecting common nodes. This capability provides an uncluttered representation of the original diagram for the analyst while maintaining functionality of the individual contracted nodes.
A more complete understanding of the present invention may be had by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Referring to
Data in the knowledge base 16 is made available to a data parsing tool 18 that converts the captured network data from the discovery tool 12 to a form useable by downstream programs of the system. Data accessed by the parsing tool 18 is then available to analytical engine 20 for analyzing the data captured by the discovery tool 12 and supports the merging of several data files and the development and comparison of network usage patterns. The analytical engine 20 may be implemented by software from i2 Inc. and marketed under the trademark "Analyst's Notebook". A second analytical engine 20 from the Department of Defense called PROPELLER is also available. The present invention is also capable of utilizing additional analytical engines as such engines become available. The analytical engines 20 are a dynamic set of graphic tools for capturing and displaying a variety of relational data sets in a format referred to as a "link chart". By use of the analytical engine 20, such as "Analyst's Notebook", data collected can be exploited to characterize and document network characteristics and/or locate possible network intruders. After collecting and organizing data, the analytical engine 20 can be used to make associations between a number of different data charts to determine correlation or differentiation. Relationships between and array of data sources are then available to verify hypothesis, to correlate relationships among multiple data sets and to identify target data within a large data set. Network data needs to be analyzed in order to relate knowledge base data to session data, packet data, and alert data. These relationships assist in determining who has been talking to whom, as well as the content of the traffic for specific protocols (HTP, HTTP, NNTP, POP3, SMTP, TELNET, and IMAP). In the process of analyzing network data, a determination is made as to what IP and/or MAC addresses are common to more than one data set. Characterizing the network in this way, requires taking a periodic snapshot of captured data over a time period. The average of what IP and MAC addresses exists are used to create a link chart representing traffic between each address set. This same process characterizes either a portion of a network or the entire network.
By operation of the analytical engines 20, commonly reused resources may be determined by use of a sampling technique. A time period of interest is identified that will reveal common usage and data is captured during that period. For example, to determine the volume of E-mail traffic between 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m., sampling would occur each day for several weeks until similarities in traffic source and destinations are apparent. After completion of the sampling, the analytical engines 20 can create a chart that inventories all of the IP and/or MAC addresses that have been identified in the sampling.
Several options are available for displaying the analyzed data including a 2-D display 22 and a 3-D display 24. Each of the tools 12 and 18, the analytical engine 20 and the displays 22 and 24 are functionally interconnected to an operator software interface for receiving instructions from an operator of the information security analysis system 10.
The system of
In accordance with operator instructions, the system records and plays back selected portions of the stored database for after the-fact analysis and visualization in two or three dimensions. This is adaptable for external sensor and/or intrusion detection data.
In addition, the system of
In one implementation of the information security analysis system 10, a Pentium-based PC was utilized with a minimum of 166 MHz CPU running the WindowsNT 4.0 operating system. Further, the analysis system 10 included 64 megabyte of real RAM, a 1-gigabyte hard drive and a 17-inch monitor. Improved operation of the information security analysis system 10 is achieved by utilization of a Pentium-II/300 or better with 128 megabyte of real RAM, a 4 gigabyte hard drive and a 21 inch monitor.G13.
Referring to
In addition, the discovery engine gathers structure information on the network, the method of operation of the network and network users. A typical discovery engine coordinates information from multiple sensors to provide an in-depth picture of network data. In addition, the discovery engine collects data on an operating session of a network in addition to packets of meta data all created along with the knowledge base as "flat files". In addition to gathering and analyzing Ethernet LAN traffic the discovery engine may also be configured to gather and analyze data on other types of network traffic including ATM, WAN protocols, and cellular communications.
The discovery engine (discovery tool 12) generates a knowledge base of data learned about a network and this data is stored in an appropriately named file in a stored data directory of the discovery tool 12. The format of the flat text file from the discovery engine is now processed for further utilization by the information security analysis system 10.
This text knowledge base flat file is processed by the data parsing tool 18 utilizing a keyword search of the knowledge base file to generate data in various categories. For example, data is organized in various categories as follows: unique user identification, host, LM-host, domain, LM-domain, SubNet, IP-address, WWW, MAC-address, NetWare host, NetWare network, NetWare station and various other available categories.
In addition to organizing the knowledge base 16 into various categories, the parsing tool may also create hashed output files.
Following parsing of the knowledge base 16 the analytical engine 20 responds to the data for preparation and converting into vector-based nodal diagrams. Typically the analytical engine 20 creates associations between a number of different charts to determine if such data charts correlate or differentiate. Relationships between an array of data sources is utilized to verify hypothesis, to correlate relationships among multiple data sets, and to identify target data within a large data set. Based on this analysis, the information security analysis system enables the development of resources for management of a network.
The analytical engine 20 analyzes network data to relate knowledge base data to session data, packet data, and alert data as these relationships are utilized to determine who has been talking to whom as well as the content of the traffic for specific protocols.
In the process of analyzing network data received by the discovery tool 12 (discovery engine) a determination must also be made as to what communication exist in more than one data set. Characterizing the data in this way utilizes taking a periodic snapshot of captured data over a time period. Averages are then made of what relationships exist to create a link chart representing traffic between data sets.
Referring to
In addition to a specialized sensor, the discovery tool 12 also includes control of remote sensor 42. The remote manager 40 queries the remote sensor, for example, a web based monitor and query tool, to be provided to all the tools in the tool suite 34.
As illustrated in
The network viewer tool 82 provides auto-discovery, auto-layout, and automatic visualization of network nodes and links. Nodes are sources of computer traffic, and include servers, hosts and clients. Links are representations of end to end traffic, and may transfer to higher level network elements (such as routers). The network viewer tool 82 reads packet information and provides a physical picture of one or more logical networks. The logical picture displays nodes and links information and provides a physical picture of one or more logical networks. The logical picture displays node and link information aggregated for multiple packets. Inasmuch as network traffic (nodes and links) exists at many instances of the OSI network model (data link, etc.), effective visualization occurs by examining the source network at many different layers. In one embodiment of the network viewer tool 82 circles on a graph window represents nodes and lines represent communication links. As the discovery tool 12 automatically discovers more nodes, the count for each network appears on the graph window along with a network label. As the node representation is tree-based, the count is an aggregate of all nodes below the reference node. Information that is relevant to a node from the knowledge base 16 will be displayed in the window of the object viewer tool 84.
The object viewer tool 84 is integrated with the network viewer tool 82, the topology display tool 90, and a query consult tool 94. The object viewer tool 84 actuates the display of information regarding all transitive relations (that are not address-based) that can be made regarding an object. For example, if an IP-address is associated with the user, and a user is associated with a host address, then these will all be a part of the object viewer tool display. However, if the host address is further associated with another IP-address, this transitive association is not displayed because of the confusion that may result in interpreting relations. With nodes being objects and links being relations, the object viewer tool 84 creates a list of objects displayed in a sort by class.
Analysis of data packets and data packet structure is provided by activation of the packet viewer tool 86. This provides the structure of or information within network packets and also helps to discern and understand new, unusual and/or proprietary protocols. When the packet viewer tool 86 is activated, a packet filter (not shown) is initially set to allow all updated packets to be captured. When a user is interested in certain packet types, then the packet viewer tool 86 allows the user to select certain subsets of packets via a packet filter setup dialog. Although the packet viewer tool 86 is useful for protocol debugging and development, the functionality of this tool also is useful to browse for new packet types.
Turning next to the knowledge browser tool 88, this tool is a visual interface for the knowledge base 16 and provides a tree-based approach to browsing objects in classes within the knowledge base, and in addition provides linkage information for tracing items and information passively discovered on the network by the discovery tool. The knowledge browser tool 88 enables acquisition, organization, and the categorization of network information, of tasks that require both automation for simplicity and customization for user accessibility.
Loosely, a class browsed by the knowledge browser tool 88 is an item in the knowledge base 16 containing categorized information, and can contain subclasses, objects, or both. Examples of classes are IP-ADDR, MAC-ADDR, and SMTP-sender An object, as considered in the context of the present invention, is a member of a class, and is an item in the knowledge base 16 having network-specific information.
The discovery tool 12 includes the script engine 38 (running as a separate thread) for processing information elements within received protocols to gather intelligence about objects within a network. Standard object types include users, hosts, domains, applications and addresses, however, and ontology specification allows new objects to be added. Using one way or two way bindings to relay information (for example, host and user), associations are made using information elements across multiple protocol/object types. Essentially, in accordance with the function of the present invention, a network becomes a linked graph contained in multi-dimensional space, where relationships are stored as links between vectors within this space.
Next, considering the topology display tool 90, this tool provides a compact, automatically generated view of the elements of a network identified by the discovery tool 12.
The session recorder tool 92 enables packet reassembly, TCP/IP session management, and knowledge discovery. This tool is a mechanism for observing multiple session types which cannot easily be handled at the packet level, for example: HTTP, POP3, SMTP, SNMP, TELNET, NNTP, and IMAP. By reassembling packets and looking for key aspects of information across the reassembled packets, the session recorder tool 92 provides the capability for observing and learning about application level entities on the network.
In operation, the session recorder tool 92 reassembles connection-oriented flows, or sessions. These layer-4 (e.g., TCP) and above sessions consist of multiple packets, to be reassembled and parsed to expose application-level information. Packet and cell reconstruction techniques provide the user with state information (for example, call progress and session monitoring), as well as application layer information (for example, e-mail addresses). Utilizing session search techniques within the session recorder tool 92, combined with alert processing, capabilities (such as seeing when a certain user gets e-mail) can be flexibly constructed. In one implementation of a session recorder tool 92 there is provided viewing of the following sessions: HTTP, POP3, TELNET, FTP, SMTP, NNTP, and IMAP. During operation of the session recorder tool 92 data can be added to the knowledge base 16 as the tool detects, processes and scans sessions for various pieces of information.
The query consult tool 94 provides a text-based interface to the knowledge base 16. By utilization of the query consult tool 94, a user is able to determine if the knowledge base 16 contains an object (for example, individual IP address) or determine the set of objects belonging to a class of the knowledge base 16 (for example, IP-ADDR). In one implementation of the query consult tool 94, the knowledge base 16 was queried for top level class names, objects belonging to a given class and specific class objects.
In addition to the tool suite 34, the discovery tool 12 includes a knowledge base parsing tool set 96 as shown in FIG. 3. Following discovery of the data from the network under analysis, the data is then appropriately formatted for use by the analytical engine 20. The knowledge base parsing tool set 96 functions to take the collected data and put it into the appropriate format for use by the analytical engine 20. Individual tools in the knowledge base parsing tool set 96 are available to parse data from the knowledge base 16 and extract information from saved log files and reassembled session files. The knowledge base parsing tool set 96 comprises eight tools: KB parsing, E-mail extraction, session joining, web extraction, graphics extraction, KB summing, file manipulation, and column splitting.
The network discovery tool generates the knowledge base 16 of data assembled about a network. This data is stored in a flat text file and saved for reuse by the discovery tool 12 for display of a network. The format of the text, however, is not useful for follow on processing. The KB parsing tool, parses the data to be output for display in a columnar file, to be imported to a database, or to the analytical engines 20. In addition, the KB parsing tool is utilized as a key word search to generate data in various categories.
As explained, the session recorder tool 92 is a mechanism for observing multiple session types and generates files containing reassembled session data. The number of files created during a single data collection may, for example, exceed 10,000. The E-mail extraction tool of a knowledge base tool in the tool set 96 provides for organizing POP3 and SMTP files into summary descriptions. The summary descriptions are then imported to a database or to the analytical engine 20. The E-mail extraction tool contains a key word search mechanism as well as other types of data parsing.
As mentioned, the discovery tool 12 generates a knowledge base of flat file data collected about a network. The web extraction tool of a knowledge base tool set 96 facilitates the parsing and formatting of data from HTML flat files that are then imported to a database or to the analytical engines 20. The web extraction tool contains a tag (similar to a key word) search mechanism as well as other types of data processing algorithms.
The graphics extraction tool of the knowledge base tool set 96 provides for reassembling image files from a recorded format. The display of the session recorder tool 92 provides for the recording of HTTP sessions. These session files contain a header describing the session and the data associated with the session. When a JPG or GIF image is downloaded, the data is reassembled in the session. However, this data is not displayable in the recorded format. The graphic extraction tool converts the reassembled HTTP session file containing JPG and GIF data and creates a new log file containing the names and images.
Data stored in a flat text file by operation of the discovery tool 12 is utilized by the KB summation tool of the knowledge base tool set 96 to create a statistical matrix of the data contained in packet and session logs. For example, the instance of a protocol may be used as the Y access and the source IP address may be used as the X access. After selection of the packet or session log has been made, the KB summation tool screens the appropriate log file and displays available access criteria to create a graph. In the analysis of a typical network, a large number of files will be generated. The file manipulation tool of the knowledge base tool set 96 provides an interface to reduce the volume of generated files that must be sorted through. It enables files to be deleted or moved based on the file size, type, or contents for purposes of enhancing subsequent processing. Generated files are processed according to a chosen criteria for all files in a group.
Recorded sessions of the discovery tool 12 are occasionally truncated and restored as a new session. These truncated sessions are preferably reassembled before viewing. The session joining tool of the knowledge base tool set 96 connects all truncated sessions into completed transactions.
Also included in the knowledge base tool kit 96 is a split data column tool. This tool is used to remove unwanted columns of data from log files.
Referring to
Referring to
Through the use of head mounted display technology and a six degree of freedom tracking system receiving data from the preprocessor 108, a user will experience full viewing immersion within the network identified with the data in the knowledge base 16. This technology provides the user with the further ability to interact and negotiate with the network data display, as opposed to a traditional flat display.
Referring again to
Referring to
In the present example it will be assumed that the remote intruder on terminal 60 is attempting to send an E-Mail to the target terminal 48 behind the firewall 54. The analysis system 10 of the present invention running on the terminal 46, monitors through the discovery tool 12 the Ethernet level inbound e-Mail. The analysis system 10 records inbound e-mail traffic as part of the knowledge base 16 such as post office protocol version 3 (POP3)and the simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP). In addition, the analysis system 10 examines meta data associated with inbound E-Mail and further examines SMTP/POP3 packets inbound to the target terminal 48. Identified SMTP/POPS packets inbound for the target terminal 48 are passed to the analytical engine 20 for analysis. As previously explained, the analytical engine 20 imports the meta data passed by the discovery tool 12 for analysis and display.
Referring to
In this example the analysis system 10 as running on the terminal 70 monitors the level of intranet traffic and records packets of data from each of the terminals of the various nodes. For a terminal under attack, such as terminal 64 a, the analysis system establishes a target source packet structure and by means of the analytical engine 20 of the present invention could be modified to shut down a target under attack.
It should be understood that
While the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular form set forth, but, on the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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|Aug 28, 2008
|Jun 25, 2013
|Sourcefire, Inc.
|Speed and memory optimization of intrusion detection system (IDS) and intrusion prevention system (IPS) rule processing
|Dec 16, 2010
|Nov 5, 2013
|Sourcefire, Inc.
|Systems and methods for determining characteristics of a network and enforcing policy
|Mar 11, 2011
|Dec 3, 2013
|Sourcefire, Inc.
|System and method for real time data awareness
|Jun 22, 2010
|Mar 11, 2014
|Sourcefire, Inc.
|System and method for resolving operating system or service identity conflicts
|Apr 14, 2011
|Mar 18, 2014
|Sourcefire, Inc.
|System and method for near-real time network attack detection, and system and method for unified detection via detection routing
|Mar 28, 2011
|Sep 30, 2014
|Intel Corporation
|Method and apparatus for rate limiting
|Sep 12, 2003
|Dec 9, 2014
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|System and methodology providing automation security analysis, validation, and learning in an industrial controller environment
|Aug 23, 2012
|Apr 14, 2015
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|System and methodology providing automation security analysis and network intrusion protection in an industrial environment
|Jun 25, 2012
|May 19, 2015
|Emc Corporation
|Detection of malware beaconing activities
|May 31, 2012
|Jun 9, 2015
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Target-based SMB and DCE/RPC processing for an intrusion detection system or intrusion prevention system
|Feb 28, 2013
|Aug 18, 2015
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|System and method for assigning network blocks to sensors
|Dec 20, 2012
|Sep 8, 2015
|Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute
|Method and apparatus for visualizing network security state
|Aug 29, 2013
|Sep 15, 2015
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|System and method for real time data awareness
|May 30, 2013
|Nov 24, 2015
|Emc Corporation
|Graph-based method to detect malware command-and-control infrastructure
|Apr 7, 2015
|Aug 9, 2016
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|System and methodology providing automation security analysis and network intrusion protection in an industrial environment
|May 7, 2015
|Sep 20, 2016
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Target-based SMB and DCE/RPC processing for an intrusion detection system or intrusion prevention system
|Aug 3, 2015
|Feb 28, 2017
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|System and method for real time data awareness
|Oct 24, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Fischman Reuben S.
|Method and system for modeling, analysis and display of network security events
|Aug 14, 2002
|Sep 18, 2003
|Yung Marcel Mordechay
|Secure logic interlocking
|Mar 27, 2003
|Dec 4, 2003
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Information collection system using electronic mails
|Jun 7, 2001
|May 27, 2004
|Geoffrey Cooper
|Assessment tool
|Sep 12, 2003
|Jun 3, 2004
|Brandt David D.
|System and methodology providing automation security protocols and intrusion detection in an industrial controller environment
|Sep 12, 2003
|Jun 17, 2004
|Brandt David D.
|System and methodology providing automation security analysis, validation, and learning in an industrial controller environment
|Sep 12, 2003
|Aug 5, 2004
|Brandt David D.
|System and methodology providing automation security architecture in an industrial controller environment
|Jun 15, 2004
|Dec 9, 2004
|Valente Luis Filipe Pereira
|Declarative language for specifying a security policy
|Jun 3, 2004
|Dec 8, 2005
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Scripting engine for network communication software
|Aug 7, 2003
|Jan 12, 2006
|Hodgson Paul W
|Server for sending electronics messages
|Oct 21, 2003
|Feb 9, 2006
|Unho Choi
|Integrated emergency response system in information infrastructure and operating method therefor
|Jul 13, 2005
|Jun 15, 2006
|Foulger Michael G
|Interactive intelligent searching with executable suggestions
|Nov 8, 2005
|Jun 15, 2006
|Redseal Systems, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for network wide policy-based analysis of configurations of devices
|Jul 17, 2002
|Nov 23, 2006
|Shackleton Mark A
|Method and apparatus of detecting network activity
|Feb 17, 2006
|Jan 18, 2007
|Cooper Jeremy S
|System and method for proximity searching position information using a proximity parameter
|Feb 20, 2007
|Jun 28, 2007
|Kforce Inc.
|Method, system, and computer program product for propagating remotely configurable posters of host site content
|May 18, 2006
|Aug 30, 2007
|Foulger Michael G
|Method, system, and computer program product for propagating remotely configurable posters of host site content
|Sep 27, 2006
|Mar 27, 2008
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|Cryptographic authentication protocol
|Sep 7, 2007
|Mar 12, 2009
|Netwitness Corporation
|Method for Network Visualization
|Dec 10, 2008
|Apr 9, 2009
|Foulger Michael G
|Methods, Systems and Computer Program Products for Scheduling Executions of Programs
|Aug 28, 2008
|Oct 22, 2009
|Sourcefire, Inc.
|Speed and memory optimization of intrusion detection system (IDS) and intrusion prevention system (IPS) rule processing
|May 10, 2010
|Sep 2, 2010
|Foulger Michael G
|Interactive Intelligent Searching with Executable Suggestions
|Jul 13, 2007
|Oct 7, 2010
|Luis Valente
|Pdstudio design system and method
|Mar 28, 2011
|Jul 14, 2011
|Mcafee, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for rate limiting
|Mar 11, 2011
|Sep 13, 2012
|Sourcefire, Inc.
|System and method for real time data awareness
|Nov 6, 2014
|Mar 5, 2015
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|System and methodology providing automation security analysis, validation, and learning in an industrial controller environment
|Nov 5, 2014
|May 5, 2016
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method and system for detecting execution of a malicious code in a web based operating system
|Sep 28, 2009
|Mar 31, 2010
|Iptune Oy
|Real-time traffic monitoring in a mobile data network
|U.S. Classification
|726/2, 709/223, 345/473, 709/224
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 23, 1999
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Journal Article
Survival, Causes of Mortality, and Reproduction in the American Marten in Northeastern Oregon
Evelyn L. Bull and Thad W. Heater
Northwestern Naturalist
Vol. 82, No. 1 (Spring, 2001), pp. 1-6
Published by: Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3536640
Page Count: 6
You can always find the topics here!Topics: Martens, Mortality, Predation, Juveniles, Wildlife management, Bobcats, Heaters, Predators, Birds of prey, Snow
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Survival rates, causes of mortality, and reproduction in the American marten (Martes americana) were determined in northeastern Oregon from 1994 until 1997 with radiocollared martens. The probability of survival of martens ≥9 mo old was 0.55 for 1 yr, 0.37 for 2 yr, 0.22 for 3 yr, and 0.15 for 4 yr. The mean annual probability of survival was 0.63 for 4 yr. Twenty-two of 35 radiocollared martens died. Of the 18 martens killed by predators, 8 were killed by bobcats (Lynx rufus), 4 by raptors, 4 by martens, and 2 by coyotes (Canis latrans), based on necropsies and circumstantial evidence at kills. Three martens died of exposure and 1 of collar entrapment. Of 13 reproductive efforts, 4 females weaned ≥1 kit, 8 efforts failed, and the outcome of 1 was unknown. Predation of adult females prior to weaning was the source of reproductive failure for some efforts.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Training in the Self-Healing Method Level I, Segment B
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How to Create a karaoke-style video in Sony Vegas Pro
In this video clip, you'll learn how to create a karaoke video in Sony Vegas Pro. Whether you're new to Sony's popular non-linear editor or a seasoned video professional just looking to better acquaint yourself with the program and its various features and filters, you're sure to be well served by this video tutorial. For more information, including detailed, step-by-step instructions, watch this free video guide.


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text: architecture urbanism Urbanism is the discipline that aims to study cities, from a holistic perspective faces the responsibility of studying and managing urban systems. The current term materialized - Urbanism comes from the Spanish engineer Ildefonso Cerda. is a very old discipline that incorporates concepts of multiple disciplines and an area of practice and study very large and complex. According to some, it would a science that would fit within the social sciences (geography, sociological, etc.) and, according to others, an art would traditionally associated with architecture, ie, a set of practical knowledge that They provide the fundamental basis for solving the problems of the cities; in this duality the descriptive and explanatory looms urbanism as a science versus prescriptive urbanism as art, although both approaches are necessarily feed back mutually. The complexity of the city object explains the complexity of approaches urbanism as the emphasis is put on the shape and arrangement of the city or on the dynamics of economic, social activities and Environmental taking place in it. The planning acts at various scales, from the urban design manager designing the public space and the elements that it (from the edilicia street furniture) scenery, to urban planning, which defines the development model of the city, through the Management Urban, which defines how planned runs. The legal dimension planning is very important, especially in its activity urban planning, since its scope includes objects different legal status, as communal property and public property and private. Thus, urban plans are usually subject to a specific legislative framework for land ownership and usage rights associated with different forms of ownership.


text:
The Many Dimensions of Catholic Peacebuilding: Mindanao Experience
Greetings of Peace!
I would like to start by sharing an honest admission of a personal dilemma over addressing the
question of what is "catholic peacebuilding"? It is a personal dilemma which has created a
healthy tension in me as catholic peacebuilder working within the unique context of Mindanao.
This is perhaps the starting point of understanding the grounding of the many Catholic
peacebuilders in Mindanao who are engaged in peacebuilding efforts from the grassroots level to
the top level.
What is unique in our contribution towards peacebuilding in our area? What is distinct in terms
of Catholic theology, spirituality and ethics in the many expressions and manifestations of
peacebuilding in Mindanao.
I have come to realize that the answer to these sets of questions can be uniquely found in our
collective experience as Catholic community in walking together with Muslims and indigenous
people in seeking and pursuing peace in our shared homeland: Mindanao.
I have come to realize that the commitment of the Catholic peacebuilders in Mindanao is
grounded on the belief that to genuinely live as a community of the faithful in Mindanao is to
engage in the work for peace and justice.
I have come to realize that to concretize our faith in this milieu is to embrace Muslims and
Indigenous people as our neighbor, as our brothers and sisters.
I have come to realize that expression as catholic peacebuilders in Mindanao is to be wide-
ranging, broad, wide-reaching, all-embracing, and extensive in our work for peace. But with
humility it is also understanding that we don't have the monopoly of these qualities for we also
equally recognize the same expressions in the peace work of our Muslim and indigenous
I have come to realize that as engaged catholics envisioning to become co-creators of building a
just and peaceful society in Mindanao is to recognize Muslims and indigenous people as coequals
and co-creators. That part of concretizing the vision is the process of forging a shared
future woven by the dreams and aspirations of the tri-people in Mindanao
Dialogue as a Way of Life
Mindanao is unique to other parts of the Philippines for it nestles a rich cultural diversity of
peoples. It is home to 13 milllion Christians, 3.6 million Muslims, and 1.5 million indigenous
It is not only rich culturally but also rich in terms of natural resources. Despite the abundance
however, Mindanao has been devastated by armed conflicts since the 1970s. The armed conflicts
are grounded on issues of political, economic, social, and cultural marginalization of the
Bangsamoro and indigenous population. Compounding issues on corruption, worsening poverty,
poor governance, and unequal access to resources are part of the complex conflict situation.
Since the outbreak of the armed conflict in the 1970's about 120,000 have died and millions have
been displaced.
Communities devastated and affected by armed conflict have found ways to move from being
victims to active participants in processes of rebuilding, healing, and reconciliation.
Peacebuilding efforts in peace education, interreligious dialogue, peace advocacy, local peace
processes engage Muslims, Christians, and indigenous peoples. These efforts have led divided
communities to healing, reconciliation and eventually becoming active participants in finding
solutions to the long-running armed conflict in Mindanao.
Dialogue of life and action becomes alive in these efforts with the church catalyzing
engagement of Catholic communities through mobilization of their resources in responding to
emergency needs of mostly displaced Muslim and indigenous communities. In the recent all-outwars
in Mindanao 1997,2000, 2003, Catholic church compounds and schools have become
temporary sanctuaries and safe shelters of Muslim families fleeing from armed conflict in their
villages. During the height of the war in 2003 in Pikit, a co-worker tells of a moving story of
Pikit parishioners who lined themselves at the base of a big truck transporting displaced Muslim
families. The parishioners offered their arms to catch Muslim children who had difficulty
coming down from the truck. The offering of the arms is a symbolic offering of the parishioners
to share their place of worship with Muslims. The story of the people of Pikit did not end with
Christians offering support to Muslim families displaced by war. Peace champions from both
faith communities with support of the indigenous population in the area -then forged bonds to
work together in the process of rebuilding their communities and eventually the declaration of
their areas as spaces for peace.
In Mindanao, the dynamics of the conflict have resulted to religious and identity tensions thus
affecting relationships among Muslims, Christians and Indigenous peoples. Tensions in the
relationships often become triggers to the conflict but relationships have also been effective entry
points towards addressing issues of the conflict.
Bual, is a village in Central part of Mindanao inhabited by Muslims and Christians. In 1996, 200
Muslim houses were razed to the ground by three suspects because of land conflict. The incident
further divided the community with relationships already fragile with the effect of the 1970's
conflict. Jointly undertaking a process of community rebuilding – CRS collaborated with a
Muslim NGO grounded on a community-based peace education process. The history of good
relations – with Muslim families welcoming Christian settlers in the area – became the starting
point of reaching out to each other – of redefining the relationships from enemies to neighbors.
Local Muslim political leaders worked with Christian leaders of the basic Christian community
in the village to start the process of healing and reconciliation. Two years after the violent
incident in their community, Bual residents participated in a community celebration dubbed as
peace and reconciliation day. The community journey towards becoming a zone of peace is
lived day by day as community-level conflicts arise. In a number of situations of
misunderstanding – tensions/violence were de-escalated with Christian leaders ready to offer
their lives and stand on the side of the Muslims to dispel and discourage attacks from their own
group. Muslim political leaders have also made sacrifices to share political power with their
Christian counterparts to balance representation in local governance.
Pikit and Bual are but glimpses of the many transformative processes that are ongoing and are
taking place in Mindanao. These stories indicate that often healing and reconciliation are fruits
of the collective effort of Muslim, Christian, and indigenous peacebuilders.
The process of linking arms and walking together to seek and pursue peace is not an easy path to
take (it still a road less traveled). It is a process that has challenged participants to confront
prejudices, biases and suspicions. It is a process that brings back painful memories of violence
most often at the hands of the "other". It is a process that forces one to face-up to his/her
responsibility of the problem (as authors or participants to the violence and conflict). It is a
process that exposes vulnerabilities and also entails risks. It asks of one to take a step and engage
in a process that cannot be wholly predicted or controlled. The price of peace is to offer one's
Mindanaon peacebuilders affirm their collective commitment for peace embracing the demands
this journey of walking together and this commitment is strongly grounded on faith. It is the
gentle prodding of faith that peacemakers are able to take the first step – and it is faith that
sustains and faith that generates hope amidst the difficulties of peacebuilding work.
For Catholic peacebuilders – dialogue becomes a central part of the expression of faith in the
diverse context of Mindanao. Dialogue provides the grounding for acknowledging the
importance of engaging and encountering Muslims and Indigenous people in the process of
building peace in Mindanao. It is a potent process and approach vis-à-vis the reality of violence
and conflict because of differences in identity.
Dialogue as an expression of the mission of the church in Mindanao has been concretely lived
out in Catholic church action since the 1970's. The late Bishop Bienvenido Tudtud, Bishop of
the Prelature of Marawi, remains as one of the beckons of interreligious dialogue not only among
Christians but also Muslims. Bishop Tudtud led the Prelature of Marawi (just after the height of
armed conflict in the 1970"s ) to offer a reconciling presence among Muslims through dialogue
of life and faith. Bishop Tudtud taught us that Dialogue is not a choice but an integral part of our
Christian life and is a fundamental character of Christian life. This process of engagement
emphasizes the importance of the vision of dialogue, importance of immersion, prayer and
The inspiring work of those who have come before us and have paved the way (often with their
own lives) have catalyzed a dynamic network of dialogue and peace champions among Muslims,
Christians, and indigenous people. More than 30 years when this work was started we already
have dialogue and peacebuilding efforts from the grassroots level up to the top level in various
forms and expressions:
- informal and formal dialogue with religious leaders expanding the engagement with other critical peace actors in Mindanao as well as in other parts of the Philippines
- presence of established education/formation programs on IRD (with some courses having ran for as long as 20 years such as the Silsilah Dialogue movement summer courses to the 2 year-old Panaw Alim initiative of a Catholic priest in the Northern part of Mindanao which optimizes the IRD formation to gather together religious leaders with local political leaders ; to community level culture of peace/ird orientations in the different areas
- establishment of interreligious dialogue in a number of Dioceses in Mindanao which has helped in formation of interrreligious dialogue groups
- dialogue of presence – has evolved towards dialogue of life and action with a number of joint and collaborative undertakings among Muslims, Christians, and indigenous people to address community level issues (the efforts would include initiatives in community rebuilding, sustaining livelihoods, conflict resolution mechanisms, strengthening local governance).
Three Steps in Dialogue
Reflecting upon our efforts in grassroots peacebuilding and interreligious dialogue as a Catholic
organization working closely with church-based organizations – have allowed us to distill the
process of dialogue which consists of three steps:
Step 1 Building Internal Capacity: Understanding Dialogue
Understanding Peace, Knowing why I am the way I am based on my religion and
ethnic identity
To be exclusive is to be inclusive
Step 2
Go and encounter the other on common issues/ concerns and marvel at the
differences and appreciate the similarities on how you respond to the issues
Go and encounter the other: Dialogue on commonalities and dialogue on
Step 3
Open the avenue for others to come into the encounter and continue the
appreciation of differences and similarities – identifying common concerns,
finding solutions and building communities together
The steps have guided us but as in any other peacebuilding process this key steps do not work in
a linear manner.
Bishop Tudtud underscores the importance of the vision of dialogue and we are actually being
challenged in this aspect especially that to a certain extent the future of Mindanao and the
process of resolving the roots of the conflict are being decided in formal peace
process/negotiations between revolutionary/rebel groups and government (Moro and
How do we take phase 3 of the dialogical process to expand the substance and content of our
dialogue with Muslims and indigenous peoples in terms of:
- Dialogue in conflict analysis
- Dialogue of narratives/perspectives of the conflict
- Dialogue of common action-in view of the bigger task of addressing root causes of the conflict in Mindanao
- Dialogue in terms of political settlement (like how are we going to dialogue with Muslims in view of their struggle for self-determination; and with the indigenous people in view of their struggle for self-governance in their ancestral domains; what are the sacrifices that we need to make as Christians to be able to share power)
- Dialogue with the powerful in our context (government, military, business) etc.
- Dialogue in terms of the alternative future, dialogue of building the future I believe that we are being challenged by the current realities in Mindanao to use the grounding and gains in terms of improved relationships (achieved through years of engaging Muslims and indigenous people) to move towards structural transformation and eventually achievement of just peace in Mindanao.
Reflecting on the demands and needs among Christians in Mindanao – in view of the current
discourse on the aspirations of the Muslims in Mindanao for their self-determination and the IPs
for affirmation of their rights to their ancestral domains – informal discussions and reflections
have taken place among grassroots Catholic peacebuilders. One of the strategic steps that we are
already undertaking is to increase more intra-dialogue activities within the Christian/Catholic
community to provide the impetus and grounding for solidarity and support to the historical
demands of Muslims and IPs. This is not an easy task. But we continue to hope.
Last March 30 to April 2, 28 Muslim, Christian, and indigenous peacebuilders involved in
interreligious dialogue work in Mindanao gathered together to engage in a reflective learning
process to celebrate accomplishments, distill lessons, assess challenges, as well as re-envision
their direction within the next 10 years.
The community of peacebuilders likened their involvement in dialogue as a journey. A journey
that has enriched them as Mindanaons -but is fraught with uncertainty. They are not uncertain
of when they will arrive at their envisioned destination and uncertain of what they will encounter
along the way. But they have owned this as a mission – a mission that will be sustained because
of God's guidance and blessing.
Thank you very much.
Myla Leguro, Catholic Relief Services
Mindanao, the Philippines, April 14, 2008


text:
I always have a hard time finding black cherry ice cream. So excited when I saw this. It's absolutely amazing!! It contains huge, whole black cherries. Yummy taste. Needs to become a staple in the freezer
These reviews are the subjective opinions of ChickAdvisor members and not of ChickAdvisor Inc.


text:
Sign in to retrieve a saved callback list.
Scores based on 124 reviews
Invoice history based on 115 reviews.
Bobby Aylmore Landscapes is a small and friendly landscape company based in Aldwick, West Sussex.
Our main aim is to give every client the very highest standard of workmanship whilst keeping things as hassle free and simple as possible for them.
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Bobby Aylmore


text:
A separate but contiguous timeline detailing the development of weapons technology in the Superpowers world. The only mentioned events are unique advancements in weapons technology, not minor improvements on existing weapons or the spread of technology to other countries. In general, a technology is noted with its Latin and English names, even when not invented by Romans. This information is not 100% accurate. Don't use.
Country of origin is indicated in parentheses: Roman Empire (IR), Mayan Conglomerate (MC), Tawatinsuyu (TS), Mongolia/China (CH), or Arab World (AW)
5th-10th centuries
5th century
- 419: Gunpowder discovered by Quich'en Chon'le Mayapan (MC)
- 437: Independent invention of a Chariot (MC)
- 443: Fire siphons invented by Thracian merchants (IR)
6th century
- 510's: Francisca throwing axes designed by Germanian smiths
- 590: Pyrobolum silexis (flint bomb) invented, first fragmentation grenade (MC)
7th century
- 666: Independent invention of metallic weapons (MC)
- 673: High-pressure fire siphons invented (range >40 meters) (IR)
8th century
- 724: Celerite arquus (semi-automatic crossbow) invented (IR)
- 734: Testudo Invicto, a man-powered tank, invented by Archaedavincus (IR)
- 747: Magna ballista, a mechanical heavy artillery, invented (IR)
- 751: Invention of Sagittae Flagrantes (OTL Hwacha) by the Mayans
- 788: Invention of Pyrobola Insidiae (OTL Land Mines) by the Mayans
9th century
- 828: Handheld fire siphons invented for personal combat and boarding ships (IR)
- 850's: Gunpowder is independently discovered (CH)
- 872: Calanum (cannon) invented as a siege weapon for psychological warfare (MC)
- 880's: Gunpowder spreads to the Japanese Isles
- 897: Independent invention of a two-row galley (bireme) for warfare (MC)
10th century
- 917: Onerarius (galleon) invented for long-distance sailing (IR)
- 945: Celeballista, a fully-automatic mechanical artillery, invented for an anti-infantry role (IR)
- 956: Invention of a double-barreled calanum (MC)
- 979: Fistulara pyrobola (grenade launcher) invented to lob explosives great distances, first firearm (MC)
- 998: Fistulara ignitabola (smoothbore matchlock or musket) invented (MC)
11th-15th centuries
11th century
- 1017: Flint-lock mechanism invented, allowing for fistularae silexes (flintlocks) (MC)
- 1019: Evolution of the Deluctatis combat style (IR)
- 1054: Process of forging Eastern steel weapons arrives in the West (IR)
13th century
- 1226: Mongols accidentally wipe out the formula for gunpowder in China
- 1262: Coclius silexis (flintlock rifle) invented (MC)
- 1283: Creation of a Testudo electrika, obsoleting man-powered tanks (IR)
15th century
- 1462: Pyrobola navis (naval mines) invented by the Japanese
- 1483: Fistulara ignitabola (matchlock gun) invented by the Japanese
16th-17th centuries
16th century
- 1536: Maya copy the design of the Roman Onerarius (MC)
- 1549: Inca steal the Maya's smoothbore musket design (TS)
- 1553: Fistulara silexis is sold to Rome by the Inca
- 1559: Multishot coclius silexis invented with four available rounds (IR)
- 1561: Cartridges of prepared rounds are invented (IR)
- 1564: Romans copy the concept of a calanum from the Maya (IR)
- 1572: Coclius convitia (percussion rifle) invented, easier to use than flintlocks
17th century
- 1609: Romans trade the Khmer designs of fistularae silexes
- 1621: Testudo maris (ironclad) invented to replace outdated onerarius designs (IR)
- 1646: Electric-cap rifle primer invented to improve reliability of percussion caps (IR)
- 1648: Coclius silexis invented independently in Japan
- 1661: Muscovites buy Roman designs for fistularae silexes
- 1677: UCC buys Roman designs for fistularae silexes
- 1678: Danes are handed Maya designs for coclii silexes
- 1691: Coclius volvo (revolving rifle) invented, able to hold six rounds (MC)
- 1697: Romans steal Maya coclii volvos (IR)
- 1697: Mongols copy Maya designs for coclius silexis, handing it to their allies the Ottomans (CH)
- 1699: Polybolum (maxim gun) invented, employing recoil-driven bolt replacement for 340 rpm (MC)
18th century
- 1704: Romans and Inca take technology Polybolum designs from Maya (IR/TS)
- 1712: Ballista pyrobola, a true howitzer, is invented (IR)
- 1718: Ammunition magazines invented, maximizing the capacity of firearms (IR)
- 1721: Japan receives primitive Roman testudo maris and polybolum designs
- 1725: Steam-driven testudos mares invented to compete with the Classis Imperialis (MC)
- 1730: Vastator (destroyer) warships are built, raising the magnitude of naval warfare (IR)
- 1737: Perditior (dreadnought) warships are built, raising the bar even higher (IR)
- 1767: A Nitrogenous explosive (nitroglycerin) is invented (MC)
- 1770: Electrically-cycling polybola invented (IR)
- 1771: Coclius lubrico (bolt-action rifle) invented, shared with the Maya in good faith (IR/MC)
- 1775: Inca develop their own Testudos Mares
- 1782: Polybolum (Vickers gun) technology takes a leap forward, using gas-recoil bolt replacement (IR)
- 1785: Fistulara lacera (shotgun) invented
- 1803: Muscovites derive their own ballistae pyrobolae
- 1810: Mongols derive their own testudo maris (MC)
- 1818: Industrial testudo invented, incorporating industrial-era weapons and technology into all systems (IR)
- 1820: Caelus tercialae (triplane) invented, first powered aircraft (IR)
- 1829: Caelus dualae (biplane) invented, improving the efficiency of tercialarum (MC)
- 1831: Foundation of the Legio Caelis Expansionis, the world's first air force (IR)
- 1836: Polycoclius (fully automatic rifle, e.g. lewis gun) invented (IR)
- 1830: Foundation of the Holy Maya Air force
- 1832: Japan is given Roman caelus tercialae technology
- 1838: Pyrobola incendia (fire bomb) invented, fueled by the newly-formulated compound, napalm
- 1842: Caelus unicae invented and given to the Maya
- 1845: Foundation of the Imperial Nippon Air force
- 1854: Caelus deliquia (bomber plane) built (IR)
- 1857: Zulus copy Roman fistulara lubrica technology (non-rifled)
- 1858: Invention of armed and armored quachikuna (zeppelin) (TS)
- 1866: Combustion-driven testudo invented as a heavy war vehicle (MC)
- 1869: Japanese are handed designs for testudos by the Maya
- 1878: Romans invent their own original pyrobola incendia (IR)
- 1881: Plastic explosives invented, triggered by an electrical pulse (MC)
- 1886: High-powered fistulara pyrobola (rocket-propelled grenade launcher) invented (MC)
- 1893: Creation of a gerulius caeli (aircraft carrier) to ferry military planes around the world (IR)
- 1894: Invention of the tormentillus (flying bomb), shortens to tormens (IR)
- 1900: Invention of a military submersible (TS)
- 1903: UCC and Nunavut jointly create ironclads
- 1909: Melista (helicopter) invented (IR)
- 1911: Invention of an Armored Behemoth (Landcrawler) (CH)
- 1911: Khmer develop their own coclius lubrico
- 1915: A research radionerva projector (laser) is invented for non-military use
- 1920: Contra-caeli ballista (AA-gun) invented (CH)
- 1924: Inca combine aspects of Roman and Mongol Testudos into their own design
- 1924: Sifocaelus (jet aircraft) invented through Project Aetna (IR/MC)
- 1927: Aecies-Aegis radionerva (point-defense laser) invented for defense against tormen and artillery (IR)
- 1927: Packing for viral agents in artillery shells is developed (TS)
- 1928: Japan receives sifocaelus technology from Rome
- Inca develop their own caeli dualarum
- A radiation bomb is invented for biological warfare (MC)
- Torpedoes invented (IR)
- Danes start producing their own Testudos
- Teledirigibilis tormentilli (laser-guided missiles) invented (IR)
- Reactive testudo armor invented (IR)
- Creation of the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile by the Global Powers in WWII (IR/MC)
- Pyrobola atomos (atomic bomb) invented by the Powers
- Nuclear ICBM's are built, ushering in the nuclear age (IR)
- Danes develop their own caeli unicarum from the Inca dualarum design
- UCC copy the Inca testudo design
- Invention of a tormentillus interficio castra (bunker buster) (IR)
- Ballista electrika (railgun artillery), nicknamed bellectrika, is invented (IR)
- Mongols create their own caelus unicae (CH)
- Tormentilli contra-caeli (AA missiles) invented (IR)
- Ballista radionerva (laser artillery) invented for line-of-sight fire alone (IR)
- Two-stage liquid particle bomb (fusion bomb) invented (MC)
- Maya produce their own nuclear ICBM's (MC)
- UCC develop their own caelus tercialae
- Independent invention of a liquid particle bomb (IR)
- Invention of the caelus subintrus (stealth plane) (MC)
- Pinch technique for initiating particle fusion is pioneered in Japan and sold to the Maya (MC)
- Derivative invention of a pyrobola atomos in Japan
- Invention of a deliquia subintra (stealth bomber) (IR)
- Majapahijians receive testudo and caelus unicae technology from the Danes
- Coclius electrika (coil rifle) or electroclius invented, a substantial leap forward in firearms technology (IR)
- Mongols develop their own caelus deliquia (CH)
- A-4 Heavy Vulcan and A-5 Phoenix ICBM's go into production (IR)
- Cubagua develops its own primitive testudo
- Humanity's first orbital missile platform is launched (IR)
- Mongols develop their own pyrobola atomos from Japanese designs
- Zulus develop their own caelus unicae from old Roman designs
- Development of the Mongol nuclear bomber
- Production begins on the A-100 hypersonic scramjet, a significant advance over any other aircraft in the world (IR)
- Foundation of the Zulu Imperial Air force
- Invention of a EMP missile for knocking out electronics without destruction (IR)
- Invention of contra-caeli radionerva (AA lasers) (IR)
- Largest explosion in human history, Hercules, goes off on the Moon (IR)
- Cubagua develops its own caelus unicae from Inca designs
- Lorica carbonata (armored exoskeleton) invented, protected by an outer layer of carbon nanotubes (IR)
- Coclionerva (laser rifle) invented (IR)
- Electric reactive testudo armor invented (IR)
- 1960
- Rome decommissions the last of its fission-type pyrobola atomos (IR)
- 1961
- Prosthetics successfully bring a wounded soldier back to the battlefield (IR/TS)
- 1962
- Danes produce their first gerulius
- Creation of a nuclear-powered testudo, using a fission reactor (IR)
- Electromagnetic artillery station is built by Rome for the Danes in Greenland
- 1963
- Creation of a nuclear-powered submarine (TS)
- Invention of holographic targeting computers for aircraft (IR)
- 1964
- Creation of the Danish Particle Bomb
- Beginning of the Inca Militias Program (TS)
- 1965
- First detonation of a Nuclear Shell (nuclear artillery) by the Danes
- Creation of the first Orbital Kinetic Artillery Station (IR)
- 1966
- Destruction of a second civilian target by a particle bomb
- 1967
- Construction of the first Castri Astrarum, strategic space installations (IR)
- Creation of the Zulu Particle Bomb
- 1968
- Creation of the first Liquid Particle Reactor Powered Tank (IR)
- First instance of "Space Ground Warfare" after a mentally unstable soldier on the Moon is put down by other guards in Heliopolis (IR)
- Law passes banning the placement of nuclear weapons in space except by the Alliance of Earth itself
- 1969
- Creation of the first Danish Submarine
- Completion of the Magnum Ballistarium Aetherium (orbital nuclear artillery) by the Alliance
- Completion of the second Castrum Astri (IR)
- Invention of the ballista atomos, or propelled nuclear artillery, by the Danes
- Invention of the Jason, coclius atomos (nuclear rifle) (IR)
- Invention of the first sifocaelus to use a nucleonic gamma reactor propulsion system, the A-126 (IR)
- Construction is completed on the largest Gerulius Caeli in the world by the Japanese, the Peninsula-Class Carriers
- Mayans begin to utilize protanibolum electrika technology for warfare (MC)
- Launch of the first Seraphim Laser Defense Satellites (IR)
- Start of modernization for Cherubim missile satellites (IR)
- Birth of the first human to be genetically modified to the extent of being noticeably transhuman (TS)
- Completion of the Alliance Military Cloning Facility, meant to create the organization's Clone Army (TS)
- Creation of the SC-34 Gunship, the first space battleship (IR)


text:
My boyfriend and I have been together for around a year. Last summer, he and his cousin had hung out with a couple girls at their apartment. He never told me about it. A month later, he mentioned that they had been there and I asked him about it. He said he didn't tell me cause it wasn't important and that they were just friends. I'm not sure how I feel about this. I can't help but feel weird about my boyfriend hanging out with other girls without me. I feel even weirder about the fact that he didn't tell me when it happened and that he didn't think I needed to know. I'm not a crazy jealous girl or maybe I am. I don't know, but I do feel that if the situation were reversed that he would freak out too. I have to admit I am nervous about him hanging out with other girls, especially one on one...I'm not sure if he would let something happen or not. If something did happen he definitely wouldn't tell me unless I got suspicious and dragged it out of him. A part of me almost feels like maybe if he needs to do that, then maybe he is still looking. Is this normal or am I nuts?
So guys and girls, how do you feel about your significant other hanging out with members of the opposite sex? Okay or not okay? I know he can have female friends but really where do you draw the line? Thanks in advance!
Most Helpful Guy
If he was hanging out with them before he got with you, you can't expect him to change. If you can't handle it just date a guy with no friends.10|10|0
Actually, its new girls. He definitely didn't know them before we started dating.
- Show AllShow Less
It seems very much like he was hiding it. I wonder why?
I asked him why he didn't tell me and he said that he didn't know he had to tell me everything about his life. Then he got mad andsarcastic and told me every conversation he had that day. He says he loves me. I know I don't need to know every single thing, but him hanging out with other girls just seems important to me. I'm afraid he's gonna keep hanging out with girls and not telling me. I don't know how many more surprises I can take.


text:
Charles d'Amboise, Seigneur de Chaumont (1473 - 11 February 1511) was the French governor of Milan during the reign of Louis XII, and a French commander during the War of the League of Cambrai.
Born at Chaumont-sur-Loire into the House of Amboise, Charles was the nephew of Cardinal Georges d'Amboise, prime minister of King Louis XII of France, and the son of Charles I d'Amboise, governor or Champagne and Bourgogne. He was governor of Paris, of the Duchy of Milan, of the seignory of Genoa and of the province of Normandie. In 1501 he was made French lieutenant general and then vice-roy for Lombardy, becoming a friend of Leonardo da Vinci during his stay in Milan. He was Grand Master of France from 1502 to 1504 when was made Marshal of France. From 1508 to 1510 he was also admiral of France and, in 1507, he suppressed a revolt in Genoa.
At the battle of Agnadello (1509), he commanded the French vanguard. In 1510, he took command of the French forces fighting against Pope Julius II in the Romagna, for which he was excommunicated; he failed to prevent Julius from capturing Bologna and Mirandola, and died of illness at Correggio during the 1511 campaign.
His son George died in the Battle of Pavia (1525).
|This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original article was at Charles d'Amboise. The list of authors can be seen in the page history.


text:
Visual Basic Programmer
at Hennepin Technical College
Program Details
- Award: Diploma
- Credits: 64
- Delivery: Face-to-face where some online courses may be available or required.
- WIOA Certified
About this Program
This degree offers the skills necessary for computer application development and design. Visual Basic will be used to design, code, document and implement computer applications. Exposure to database management systems and client/server theory will further familiarize students with the current trends in distributed processing.
Program Locations
- Hennepin Technical College, Eden Prairie 55347


text:
|Mr Russell M. Wright - Paul has been an outstanding student of the Theme...
|Rachel Epps - Paul is an excellent project manager - strong on technical...
About Paul Freudenberg
Paul is a Project and Programme Manager in the field of Telecoms, Mobile Devices and Mobile Content Management. In 2007 he founded Visibly Online Ltd with goal of bringing greater exposure to niche businesses on the internet via multi-channel marketing and highly themed, carefully researched, silo based, LSI compliant websites. With social media set to take the marketers high ground, Paul now seeks collaborators in understanding how to tame this technology for the benefit of business.
If you notice offensive or incorrect information, please contact us.
Mr Russell M. Wright
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Home > Product Categories > Bulk Cable > Bulk Control Cable & Bulk Data Cable > AC3CDMX300
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Southern California High Tech Event Calendar
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|Strategic Partnering
|Date: June 23, 2006
|"Strategic Partnering Workshop" Pasadena Entretec. This workshop, designed by CEO's for CEO's will provide partnering best practices by Caltech's Office of Technology Transfer as well as small (Neurion Pharmaceuticals), medium (Materia), and large companies (to be confirmed). Email firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
May 07, 2013 at 22:44:57 May 07, 2013 @ 22:44
ahhh yesdont do it, karma will get you
ahhh yesdont do it, karma will get you
Cmon get down with a real nigga wussup
For the paint....
The grate at the base of a car's windshield leads to the ventilation system.
Sometimes really stinky things can get dropped into this grate, making the car's interior a terrible place for it's occupants.
It's really unfortunate when this happens...


text:
I did it i stayed calm instead of losing my cool with them
I was in the living room watching tv and watching vincent when haiden started crying. I looked over to him and asked what happened. He said logan hit him in the head with a toy. I asked logan at a further distance but he lied. So i got up and picked him up and sat him on the couch and asked again. Again he lied so i told him ok since all you want to do is have a meltdown lets go in your room for 4mins. I took him to his room and let him have his meltdown for 4mins. I came back up and asked him again if he hit haiden and he said yes. I told him thank u for telling me the truth now go say sorry to your brother if u choose not to you have another 4mins.
We walked down and i called haiden over to me. Logan said he was sorry and i asked haiden to say thank u for saying sorry.
After the aplogy i explained to them if there is fighting, hitting i will remove the legos for the day.


text:
As the Tim Tebow legend has grown, some wags have spoofed on his religion and miracle-making ways and said they won't believe in him until he performs a Jesus-like feat and turns the Gatorade into wine.
Well, how about beer?
The Bonfire Brewery, according to its Facebook page, is on the case. The Colorado brewery today posted an image of a kneeling (or "Tebowing") Tebow lookalike, in silhouette, holding a beer mug. And made this accompanying announcement about Tebrew beer:
"Tebrew Sunday Sipper -- a barleywine from Bonfire -- is almost here. In the style of 4th quarter heroics, we're waiting until the last minute to serve it up -- the moment the 10 oz. glasses arrive, the real games can begin. Stay tuned."
The brewery is at 127 Second St. in Eagle.
Reid Cherner has been with USA TODAY since 1982 and written Game On! since March 2008.
He has covered everything from high schools to horse racing to the college and the pros. The only thing he likes more than his own voice is the sound of readers telling him when he's right and wrong.
Michael Hiestand has covered sports media and marketing for USA TODAY, tackling the sports biz ranging from what's behind mega-events such as the Olympics and Super Bowl to the sometimes-hidden numbers behind the sports world's bottom line.


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Roger Luethi ...@hellgate.ch>
|Appropriate default permissions
|Sun, 28 Jul 2002 16:50:12 GMT
The documentation says about apr_file_open(): # If perm is APR_OS_DEFAULT and the file is being created, appropriate # default permissions will be used. The mode permissions that are set by APR_OS_DEFAULT seem rather arbitrary, they have already been changed in CVS from 0777 to 0666. I don't think the default should be "allow all access the umask doesn't prohibit". I prefer APIs to try and be secure unless the programmer explicitly drills a hole. On the other hand, I am aware there is some tradition with programs creating 0666 files. I suggest that at least the documentation be updated to indicate that APR_OS_DEFAULT creates files readable and writable by anyone (unless umask prevents it). "Appropriate" seems to be somewhat misleading for most files a typical application creates. Roger
|View raw message


text:
|First appearance
|28th January 2007
|Number of appearances
|Played by
|Mark Montgomerie
The unnamed Man called at the Builder's Yard and spoke to Jason Grimshaw with regard to the money that he owed Mr Stubbs. The man went onto explain that they rendered his garage and the payment was late as his wife had put the invoice in the wrong folder. The man gave Jason cash and asked if he would apologise to Mr Stubbs on his behalf. When he enquired as to whether Mr Stubbs would be angry about the payment being late, Jason was nonchalant - failing to even mention the fact that Charlie had died just a few days beforehand.


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Just when you think it's gone, it's back!
Cover: Gluten Allergy My Ass!
People: Holy crap, he did it! The human super ball did it. Wait, that guy's the infamous pirate Straw Hat Luffy? No way. Look at him. He looks nothing like the wanted poster. You can stop bouncing now.
Luffy: About that...
Hack: Is he dead yet?
Viola: Holy crap, Luffy actually won!
Cavendish: No way Doflamingo's coming back after that.
Law: Look towards Heaven for a view of Hell.
Luffy and Law: The damn cage is still up!
Luffy: One more time! Gomu Gomu no...
God: Ding! Time's up.
Luffy: CRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPPPP!!!!
People: Oh, now he looks like the guy from the posters.
Burgess: Does anyone care that I'm still up to something? No? Okay. I'm gonna hog the attention now!
Cavendish: Why is Burgess at the palace? And why does he have such insane lower body strength?
Koala: Yeah, Sabo? It's me. Listen...
Burgess: WHEEEEEEEEEEEEE, Thud.
People: Wait, is the fight over? Oh hey, our impending doom is still slowly creeping towards us from all sides. RUN!
Doflamingo: You didn't think I would be that easy to get rid of, did you? I should make some kind of metaphor about strings of fate and destiny and crap, but right now I'm more worried about why my ribcage is sticking out of my kneecap!
People: Luffy is still steaming and unconscious! He's hostile, run!
Gatz: Hey, you know who I am, right? I'm not some has been now that my job is gone? So you were Lucy. Cool. So, what are you going to do about Doflamingo? Need any help from a guy with no fighting ability whatsoever?
Luffy: Ten minutes. Give me that much time to recover, then I can finish him off. Pinkie swear. Haki has limits apparently. Why wasn't I this rational the other times I wrecked my body?
Gatz: Surprisingly, done. Okay, boys, get him! They're the gladiators who were still on the fence about joining you. Now they have no choice.
Meadows: I'm sorry we got greedy. Can we fight now?
Gatz: Time to get tactical up in here. Half of you with me!
Burgess: I'm still here! The Champion is about to keep his title by killing a man who is too exhausted from fighting someone else!
Gatz: I knew we were forgetting someone.
Sabo: When thine enemy striketh, turn on him his other cheek and striketh first. Looks like Burgess, just got Jesused.


text:
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
I hv been on a 4yr pro since 06 for Poss Cs Pg 1 <1G. 2yrs ago they filed a MTR because I was behind on my pymts since I had been laid off ¬ receiving any Child Support. They reinstated me but gave me 30days jail &extended me 2yrs. I was making pymts(behind total sum) reporting & doing my Comm Srv. Once AGAIN 1yr later they filed a 2nd MTR 4 the same reason. This time I got 90days jail& extended 2yrs. So now I've been serving 8yrs on 4yr! In 7/12 they said that I failed a UA(1st one ever)but didn't have lab conf. PO & DA filed 3rd MTR I've been reporting wkly w/UA's(all clean) since then. They offered15mo State jail or 6-8mo SAFEP!? I have a good job&single w/2small kids. I hv no one to keep or even help w/them & NO contact w/father. How can I get them 2not lock me up&lose everything?
You are in a very serious situation. You need to hire a defense attorney to handle this for you. If you got to SAFP, you will be in custody for about a year. You have to wait in custody for several weeks for a bed to be available. Then it's a six to nine month program with three months in a halfway house. If this is a state jail felony, you might be better off seeing if you can get a 12.44(a) with time served. This means taking a conviction but keeping you out. A 12.44(a) sentences you to state jail but allows you to do county time instead of actually going to the state jail. It sounds like you have at least 120 days backtime, so this may be possible. Inability to pay is an absolute defense to a violation that is only alleging fees. You have got to hire an attorney to handle this.
Macy Jaggers's answer to a legal question on Avvo does not establish an attorney-client relationship. Ms. Jaggers offers everyone a free consultation to discuss their case. Feel free to call her office at 214-365-9800 to make an appointment (phones are answered 24 hours) or visit her website at www.macyjaggers.com for more information about her services and recent victories.Ask a similar question
I am surprised you got jail time just for falling behind on payments, which is not a valid reason to do what they did to you. You really need to hire a good lawyer.Ask a similar question
If your only issue is fees then you can't be revoked for failure to pay. If you have other issues your attorney needs to work on trying to get your story before he judge.
Austin Jail Release and Bond Assistance
Austin Probation Lawyer
My answers are intended only as general legal advice and are not intended to create an attorney-client relationship. There is no substitute for a full consultation with a local experienced criminal defense attorney. For more answers based on my 19 years of experience visit my website, www.austincriminaldefenseattorney.comAsk a similar question
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Au Pair AffairFavorites [+]
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Running Time: 84 minutes
Released: 01/2005
Studio Name: DBM
Categories: Anal Euro Orgies International All Sex Double Penetration German Speaking
Description: An Exchange affair with Coco, the black beauty from America.
4 Scenes from Au Pair Affair
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Sex Acts: Breast Play, Double Penetration, Vaginal Sex, Orgy, Masturbation, Oral Sex
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Settings: Living Room
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Settings: Bedroom
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