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Bert has always been pleasant and meticulous in the projects that I have worked with him on. He has also communicated archived what he committed to accomplish.
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South Korea's and Japan's telecommunications sectors developed rapidly, especially in high-speed, low-priced broadband. We argue that both countries are engaged in strategic liberalization, fostering competition to reach specific goals. However, different political dynamics pushed their initially similar policy regimes apart. Korea retained its managed competition regime while Japan experienced a regime shift.
- ©© 2007 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
Errata: In the September/October 2016 issue (volume 56 number 5, pages 836 and 849), there was a technical printing error in Figures 1b and 2 of the article by Ajay Raina that resulted in a loss of data on the graphs. This online article contains the restored figures in their original, correct state. The error is regretted.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
NEW YORK (Nov. 7)
The Rabbinical Council of America today issued a statement disassociating itself from the demonstrations which took place earlier this week at the Israel Consulate here, when Hassidim protested against recent Sabbath incidents in Israel.
In the statement, Rabbi Abraham N. AvRutick, Council president, said that the organization regretted "that the demonstrators paraded under the Orthodox banner. As Orthodox leaders, we must state that the demonstrators are net representatives of American Orthodoxy."


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Michael Miller <m...@cloudant.com>
|Re: how to work on multiple databases
|Sat, 03 Oct 2009 14:59:58 GMT
I may have missed the beginning of this thread, apologies if these were already discussed: 1) store the docs from different projects in the same db and use a view to sort them via project 2) same but pack the project name and user into the _id field and use the prebuilt _all_docs view to sort them via project/user 3) you can always combine db's using replication if you choose to aggregate at a later point in time. Happy to follow up offline if you have more questions. -Mike On Oct 3, 2009, at 4:40 AM, Sven Helmberger wrote: > go canal schrieb: >> let's say a user wants to display a list of his documents in all >> projects, how do we support this ? Do I have to issue one query >> command for each database then aggregate the result ? > > You could create an external indexer that collects results from all > project databases. > > Regards, > Sven
|View raw message


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Smith, Horford power Hawks past PacersMar 28, 2010 - 11:33 PM
ATLANTA(AP) -- It's not every day that Zaza Pachulia passes behind his back while dribbling on a fast break.
Josh Smith, who took Pachulia's fourth-quarter assist for an uncontested dunk, was delighted by the reserve center's unexpected athleticism.
"Zaza likes to do his thing a little bit in the open court, so I'm not going to hate on his shine," Smith said with a smile. "It was a better pass than a dunk."
Smith had 21 points and 13 rebounds, Al Horford added 18 points and 12 boards, and the Atlanta Hawks snapped the Indiana Pacers' five-game winning streak with a 94-84 victory on Sunday.
The Hawks, who had dropped two of three overall, increased their home winning streak to a season-high eight games.
Troy Murphy scored 21 for Indiana, which was trying to win six straight games for the first time since 2005. Danny Granger, who was coming off a career-high 44 points in a home win Friday over Utah, finished with 18. He had averaged 31.9 over the previous seven games.
Particularly troublesome for Indiana was its poor perimeter shooting. After hitting six of nine 3-point attempts in the first quarter, the Pacers were 2 for 17 the rest of the game.
"Atlanta always gives you a problem because they switch every ball screen," Granger said. "We really didn't take advantage of it the way we should have tonight. We just gave them too many points in the paint, too. Too many easy points. We got the same (3-point) shots but we missed them."
Atlanta has won six straight over the Pacers overall and six in a row at Philips Arena.
"Their athleticism up front always gives us problems," Indiana coach Jim O'Brien said. "They were quicker to the offensive rebounds, quicker driving by us with Josh Smith and Al Horford. We've struggled with them all year."
After Jamal Crawford missed a straightaway 3-point attempt midway through the third, Horford had three rebounds on the same possession before his putback forced a 59-all tie.
"He's been consistent since the first day he stepped foot in Atlanta," Hawks coach Mike Woodson said of Horford. "He's been fantastic. He's been on a nice roll lately, getting (eight consecutive) double-doubles, and we're going to need him to continue to do that."
Playoff-bound Atlanta took control shortly afterward and built a 17-point lead on consecutive dunks by Smith, the second of which made it 84-67 with 6:57 remaining.
The previous dunk, however, was a season highlight for Pachulia's fan club.
Pachulia, a native of Tbilisi, Georgia, first beat Roy Hibbert to a loose ball created by Granger's turnover and then began dribbling up the open court. Since Smith was trailing behind him, Pachulia froze Hibbert by making a behind-the-back pass with his right hand.
"That was a great pass," guard Joe Johnson said. "I think he should have been a guard, anyway."
Pachulia, who averages 4.0 points and 3.6 rebounds in 13.5 minutes per game, wasn't sure if he would watch the replay after he returned home Sunday night.
"I hope so," he said with a grin.
The Hawks believe the next two games should help them gauge what to expect of their third straight trip to the playoffs. After the defending NBA champion Los Angeles Lakers play at Philips Arena on Wednesday, Atlanta will visit Cleveland, which has the league's best record, on Friday.
"It's not going to be easy," Crawford said. "They're two tough teams, two of the best in the league."
NOTES: At 30-7, the Hawks are the fourth-fastest team to reach 30 home wins this season behind Cleveland, the Lakers and Denver. On the road, Atlanta is 17-19 with three straight losses. ... The Pacers dropped to 4-42 when trailing as they begin the fourth quarter.
- 21
rootsMattDOOM777 Added 5 roots
Pacers 84, Hawks 94 FinalMar 29 7:49 AM
Mar 28 5:50 PM
- 16
rootsRUWTbot Added 11 roots (Close Finish)
Pacers 84, Hawks 92 4th - 1:06Mar 28 5:47 PM
Mar 28 5:16 PM
- 5
rootsJmlk17 Added 5 roots
Pacers 54, Hawks 52 3rd - 9:17Mar 28 4:58 PM
Mar 28 4:38 PM
Mar 28 4:04 PM
Related News
- Magic formally introduce Frank Vogel as their new coach May 23
- Magic officially announce Frank Vogel as new head coach May 20
- AP Source: Orlando Magic hire Frank Vogel as next coach May 19
- Towns, Porzingis unanimously selected to All-Rookie 1st team May 19
- AP Source: Knicks working to hire Jeff Hornacek as coach May 18
- Point man: Irving shines in Cavs' demolition of Raptors May 18
- After long overseas career, Nets coach Atkinson back in NY May 16
- Nate McMillan takes over as head coach of the Indiana Pacers May 16
- Indiana Pacers promote assistant Nate McMillan to be team's head coach May 16
- After fallback season, Hawks look to rise again in East May 9
- Big Three leads Cavaliers back to Eastern Conference finals May 9
- NBA Playoff Capsules May 8


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Mulberry House, Mulberry Lane, Goring-by-Sea, Worthing, West Sussex, BN12 4RD, United Kingdom
TM Electronics (TME) is a family run UK business, based in Worthing, West Sussex, founded by Managing Director Tom Sensier in 1990, with Sales & Marketing Director, Danielle Sensier joining the company in 2004. Everyone at TME Thermometers is passionate about thermometry, from the enthusiastic sales team to the expert manufacturing and design staff.
Units 5 & 7, Block K, Southern Cross Industrial Estate, Shripney Road, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO22 9SE, United Kingdom
Labfacility Ltd, based in Bognor Regis, Sussex are temperature and process measurement specialists offering dataloggers, sensors, special cables, temperature and process controllers, temperature sensing equipment, temperature transmitters, test instruments, thermocouples and thermometers.
31-35 Wortley Road, Croydon, Surrey, CR0 3EB, United Kingdom
Discount suppliers of quality barrier solutions from retractable barriers, cafe barriers and queue barriers to ropes and posts from leading specialists, Discount Barriers. All barriers, ropes and posts are available for next day delivery.
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Commercial kitchen design & refurbishment, bar, restaurant and catering specialists, KCM Catering Equipment, provide a full kitchen design, build and refurbishment service. Our product ranges include; bars, bar accessories, bar systems, beverage equipment, catering accessories, catering equipment, commercial kitchen extraction, commercial kitchen refurbishment, cooking equipment, dishwashers & glasswashers, food preparation, heated & ambient food display, heated food & plate storage, insect control, pizza equipment, refrigeration, shelving & storage, and stainless steel catering fabrications.


text: Maintreedescendants William Dring (1769-?) Elizabeth Dring (1794-1890) John Forbes (1745) Ann Forbes (1771-1851) Hannah Davis (1750) Catherine davis Retrieved from "http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Elizabeth_Dring_(1794-1890)/tree?oldid=551842" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Hidden category: Tree pages


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Interaction between light and materials is the key to exploiting and controlling light. From this simple observation follow the major contributions of the science of optics: camera lenses, optical fibres, lasers to name only a few. To tailor these properties to requirement chemical composition can be adjusted: we might, for example, add lead to glass and raise its refractive index. More recently it has been realised that the internal microstructure of a material can be just as important as chemistry in determining optical properties. In fact by exploiting both chemistry and microstructure materials can be produced with properties never found in nature and of great potential commercial value. This new class of materials, metamaterials, achieve the effect through structure that is smaller than the wavelength of radiation at the operating frequency. They give access to materials with a hugely expanded range of electromagnetic properties.
Figure A on the right illustrates the concept of a metamaterial in which sub-wavelength engineered units replace atoms and molecules as the determinants of electromagnetic properties. Thus at optical frequencies these units, or metamolecules as one might call them, would need to be nanoparticles of diameter much less than the 500nm wavelength of visible light. The concept is applicable to electromagnetic radiation of all frequencies. At mobile telephone or radar frequencies with wavelengths of a few cm the component units can be as large as a few mm across and still satisfy the sub-wavelength requirement. Not surprisingly metamaterials are easier to make for operation at these frequencies and there has been much progress already particularly in creating materials with the elusive property of negative refraction.
An early example of a metamaterial designed to give a magnetic response at around 10GHz is shown below in figure B. The copper rings are approximately 1cm in diameter. Other structures giving novel electrical responses have also been reported. One of the most important applications of metamaterials is creating a negative refractive index which requires both the magnetic and electric responses of the material to be negative.
Some metamaterials are designed to work in the MHz region of the spectrum with magnetic resonance imaging as the target application. Resonances at such low frequencies require high capacitance and inductance realised in the "Swiss roll" structure shown in figures C and D. The particular structure shown is designed to be chiral and comprises an insulated gold tape wound at an angle around a cylinder to form a helix. In contrast to most other chiral systems this particular design exhibits an extreme chiral response: the plane of polarisation can be rotated by 90 degrees within one wavelength of propagation. By way of comparison even highly concentrated sugar solutions require propagation over 1000 wavelengths to achieve the same rotation.
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text:
(10 tablets in strip)
Rs. 266
Rs. 280
5% off
Rs. 266
Rs. 280
5% off
(10 tablets in strip)
Product Details
Alfalog Tablet contains Alpha Ketoanalogue that are used for kidney patients to delay dialysis.
Alpha Ketoanalogue contains all amino acids essential for uremic patients, five out of them are keto or hydroxyanalogue in the form of calcium salts. Therefore it allows reduction in the nitrogen supply and provides calcium. It is a medication for the treatment of chronic kidney disease patients on Conservative management therapy (CKD stage I, II, III). In combination with very low protein diet / low protein diet, it helps in delaying the progression of kidney disease in the Predialysis period.
Usage of Alfalog:
Chronic Kidney failure
Use under medical supervision.


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Ok.. So I've read through and through, on all four Final Fantaxy XIV fansites about how to set up macros. Even read the Lodestone directions of creating macros. The current commands that I have within the macro configuration box is as follows:
/equip main weathered pickaxe
/equip sub bronze sledgehammer
IF and I mean IF I am reading everything correctly, everything should work and my character should equip those two items on the main/sub slots. However, nothing happends, and i get into my chat box these two commands. If anyone has any insight on what is being done wrong, or if maybe lag is playing a huge issue as to why this macro, or any macro i make may not bw working, it'd be greatly appreciated.
Also I'm on the Besaid server. Lvl 10 Pug /10 Lncr /10 Arch /8 THM /12 min /9 BS /8 GS /7 FSH / 6 WW /2 Cook / 8 Alch / 6 Weav /3 Leatherer /5 Clothworker / 11 Arm


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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Quiet, perfect getaway for my wife and I. The bar across road was having a big party and she waited there to make sure no one parked there for us.
Great location, very nice rooms - totally happy, would stay again.
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
They did a beautiful job with the themes of the rooms. A beautiful view of the lake. Not clean at all. And two pubs across the street, woke the all 4 kids up during the night.
Staff was wonderful and the room was very clean. Spartan race parking was a few miles down the road. Awesome place to stay.
Very clean. Comfortable feel to the room. Great coffee provided in room no microwave in room. Bar patrons took parking space making it difficult to get my disabled spouse into room
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
It's right across the street from Flathead Lake and right next door to the Brewery.
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
Quaint, friendly people, good location, beautiful time of year to travel!
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
We were happy with our room, which appeared to be one of the recently refurbished ones. The breakfast was just a token to say they had breakfast. We also thought that the price was too high for the facilities.
We travel with our dog. The manager not only accomodated her but gave us a better room when my elserly husband could not manage the stairs! No complaints.
Nice pool. Internet didn't work consistently. The worst thing is that developers have blocked off the whole north end of the lake, so there's no way to see it or walk along it. That's no fault of The Timbers, but it means there's no reason to stay here rather than in Kalispell, which is a nice town for a short visit. Big Fork is not a draw.
The theme rooms that the hotel (Inn) offered! Beds were very comfortable. None that I can think of.
Quiet, beautiful view from porch of lake
Under construction but the owners went out of their way to ensure we had a great stay. Very small quaint town with a lot of vineyards
Location! Cleanliness and quiet! The office door was locked much of the time both during the day and at night. It was located upstairs where the restaurant and bar were located but seemed to not be open most of the time I was there. Perhaps because there were not many of us staying the
the owner went out of her way to see we are happylocation is great
This is a really neat hotel! We are glad we stumbled upon it. Very unique old building, each room is decorated to suit a different theme. Nice view of the bay from our room and wonderful service. We enjoyed our stay! Loved our balcony too. No shower curtain in the bathroom but it wasn¿t the end of the world. Bathroom had a curtain in place of a door, so not the most private.
Uniqueness Extremely small television, no channels to speak of. All I wanted was to kick back, have a beer and enjoy a ballgame. Instead I had 27 shopping channels to choose from!
Location and decor! Shower was in the bathtub which made it difficult for an older person to get into the tub to shower.
The room went beyond my expectations. It was exquisitely decorated with great care and talent. One of the nicest room I have ever been in and I've traveled the world. When I arrived no one was there to greet me. I had to wait a half hour after a phone call that I made from a number on the door. The room and courtesy after being given our room was over the top.
Location great, unique room decoration refreshing, check in somewaht cumbersome I question how it would work for late checkin, parking limited, Advertised whirlpool was out of order but we were not informed and did not discover it until late in the evening too late to change room. Hotel Management apparently knew about this fault but did not inform us at check in.
Bed was comfortable, good wifi The room put form over substance. It wasn't possible to close the curtains, no desk, and odd sink. The toiletry basket contained half-used products and there were signs of wear On the fabrics.


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08672606, Case
Please help our community — upload your photos of 08672606.
This is a case for Chevrolet Trucks and GMC Trucks cars. This case fits 43 General Motors car models which have been manufactured for US market. This part is genuine General Motors part with GM OEM part number 08672606.
This case has manufacturer's warranty and 100% fits for General Motors cars. Case is made of top quality materials, it passed not only all manufacturer's tests but also General Motors quality control and, has to endure rough road conditions over a long time.
In spite of higher price of genuine parts buying GM genuine case will be a smart decision, because you will be absolutely sure that GM genuine case will serve you longer and will provide maximum safety and performance.
Trans rear (complete)
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BB-code for web-boards and forums:


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The St Jerome Town League was an intermediate league in 1937-38. Its champion was eligible for the Quebec Senior Championship.
1937-38 SeasonEdit
St Jerome Hollywood (1st), St Jerome Red Devils, St Jerome Shamrocks, St Jerome Knights of Columbus.
Statistics unavailable.
St Jerome Hollywood advanced to the 1937-38 Quebec Senior Playoffs.
|This article is part of the Allan Cup and other senior amateur competitions portal


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Agile Portfolio Planning
Plan, prioritize and communicate your strategic, cross-project initiatives with full downstream traceability to ensure that strategy aligns with execution. Integrated product roadmapping provides real-time status updates for portfolio planning and management as well as visibility for enterprise-wide project management.
Sprint Planning
Iteratively plan your stories, defects, tasks, tests and impediments in a single, easy-to-use agile project planning environment. Capture and prioritize issues within and across teams. Synchronize sprint schedules across scrum teams and projects.
Product Planning
Plan and manage your agile requirements, epics, stories and goals across multiple projects, teams and portfolios. Simplify backlog management using point-and-click agile planning software with advanced searching, sorting and filtering capabilities.
Sprint Tracking
Track your team's progress using interactive tracking tools including Storyboard, Taskboard, Testboard and Burndown charts. VersionOne gives teams customized tools to visualize and manage their workflow while providing real-time visibility for all stakeholders.
Release Planning
Plan, forecast, and report progress on your releases and scrum teams in a simple, drag-and-drop backlog environment. Improve project management at all levels with coordination across teams, tools for planning and sequencing work, and visibility into testing progress.
Sprint Review
Quickly close Sprints and capture relevant issues and action items from your team's retrospectives in a single location. Capture details from retrospectives to address unfinished items and to use in future agile planning.


text:
QFIBMMGS7/H96481000001000_MEDIA_SET true
Pirastro Permanent Series Double Bass Solo C String 3/4 Size CIS5 SoloProduct #H96481 Pirastro H96481 QFIB Double Bass Strings https://www.esnapw.com/rses/ESnapServlet?MerchantNumberSent=63655
- Write a Review
45 day price guarantee, 45 day return policy, 100% secure shopping
Pirastro Permanent Series Double Bass Solo C String
Permanent C string for double bass. 3/4 Solo string set. Rope core steel string characterized by powerful volume, high elasticity and projection, a lively sound and the easiest response. Brilliant, clear and focused. Made for the demanding soloist.
review resources /productDetail/reviews/productReviews.jsp 1
Write a Review
{ "pageType" : "item_page", "placements" : "1", "placementNames" : "rr1" }


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Half-Day Camp (per week): $115 (member*) l $135 (nonmember)
Full-Day Camp (per week): $ $200 (member*) l $215 (nonmember)
*Member pricing Family Adventures level and above.
CDMOD Credit Statement: A refund is given only when the Children's Discovery Museum of the Desert cancels the activity. CDMOD reserves the right to cancel and/or reschedule programs. Credit is not given for absences.


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the site.
This step is elective but will drastically raise your chances of your profile being viewed by others. Type a little about yourself, your interests and upload a nice photograph of yourself.
Utilise our website's state-of-the-art search to find members who satisfy your criteria. Or just leaf through listings and find people that pique your interest.
Located someone who looks appealing? Send a note to them or just a wink and wait for their response. With a little luck you'll be on your way to finding that special someone for you.
It'll only take a few minutes


text:
Lightweight Biolite construction
Dries quicker than neoprene
Comfortable and breathable
Zip closure with 2 belts
USCG approved type III
The O'Brien Junior Life Vest is made of BioLite that dries much quicker than neoprene. Lightweight and environmentally friendly, this vest resists mold and mildew. Zip closure and two belts with quick-release buckles provide a secure fit. Wide arm holes increase mobility and comfort. USCG approved type III. Fits 75-125 lb. juniors. Chest size: 28"-33". Length: 19".


text:
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Size of this preview: 572 × 599 pixels. Other resolution: 229 × 240 pixels.
Full resolution (download) (609 × 638 pixels, file size: 16 KB, MIME type: image/png)
edit Summary
General chemical structure of ionic compound He3N(TaI). Invented by The Dit.
edit Licensing
|Licensed under absolutely nothing. Have a fucking field day. Abuse this for your own sick pleasures.
|I am content releasing my work completely to the public without conservative, territorial, and possessive need to claim some sort of stake in it. I do not need thousands of cleverly written loophole-"some rights reserved" licenses, nor do I need to debate about the superiority of any of them, rather, I toss the entire equation out the window and render it effectively useless. I fully realise that a man in El Salvador could profit wildly from my efforts and gain the millions of dollars I never did, and could theoretically hunt down every copy and burn it, leaving him as the sole distributor; however, this does not offend me, rather, I allow all to be shared, taking the risk and fully knowing the potential repercussions, rather than let the menace that is copyright conquer yet another soul.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
|14:41, February 20, 2008
|The Dit (talk | contribs)
|General chemical structure of ionic compound He3N(TaI). Invented by The Dit.
File usage
The following page uses this photo:


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Wednesday, June 25, 2014 7 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Location: Narraguagus High School, 1611 Main Street (US HWY 1), Harrington, Maine
For more information: 207 483-2734; maptme.org
The annual Down East Regional Safety Conference at Narraguagus High School, sponsored by the Maine Association for Pupil Transportation (MAPT), the Maine Department of Education, and the Maine State Police, will fall on Wednesday June 25th, 2014 this year instead of the usual Friday following. It seems Fort Kent needs to swap dates with Harrington since Fort Kent has had too many snow days and would still be in school on the 25th. (Writer experiences wry look, raising one eyebrow.)
This year, Narraguagus High School in Harrington hosts the Down East Regional where school bus drivers will converge for training and skills competition. Drivers will compete using conventional and transit school buses. During the skills part of the day, school bus operators must demonstrate their abilities in areas such as the pre-trip inspection, stopping on a line, backing up, navigating S-curves and the converging alley. School kitchen staffs serve a continental type breakfast and lunch around noon.
Each year MAPT provides six regional safety conferences throughout the State of Maine. Drivers, supervisors, mechanic/technicians, and special needs providers may attend these essential and critical trainings at no charge, thanks to a grant from the Maine DOE. The annual statewide conference has traditionally occurred at Sugarloaf Resort. Each conference includes a number of training options as well as specialized offerings. There are hands-on trainings such as navigating a smoke-filled bus, burning a school bus, a mock disaster and moulage, operating a robotic school bus called Buster which is a training tool for children and adults, and many others through the years. Participants learn to use a fire extinguisher properly, install child safety restraints, load a wheel chair with occupant, and more.
These are always fun times and everyone goes home enriched. During the day participants have caught up with old friends and traded stories. They have eaten together and met new folks. Sometimes a newbie will take first place and put all the old timers on notice. Come and see drivers from all over the county participate; come and compete!
At the end of the day, MAPT personnel will have calculated the results of the skills competition and they will award winners with trophies at three levels. Winners may compete at the annual at Sugarloaf in July.
Registration and other materials are found on the MAPT website: http://maptme.org/wp/?page_id=64, or for more information, please call Dawn Coffin at 207 483-2734.
The Maine Association for Pupil Transportation is a nonprofit organization of school transportation personnel. Formed in 1971 by a small, dedicated group of transportation supervisors in order to provide training to the school bus driver throughout the state, MAPT has grown to an association consisting of supervisors, directors, administrators, mechanics, trainers, drivers, industry related companies and representatives Department of Education, Maine State Police.
MAPT will display items for sale and information about the school bus safety lending library.
SAD #37 drivers are engaged in several fund raisers in order to purchase a Buster for use in Washington County. Please contact Dawn Coffin at 207 483-2734 for more information. Donations are appropriate.
This post was contributed by a community member. Submit your news →


text:
Product Spotlight
Featured Research
Quick Stats
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Convenience USA Partners with TelaPoint
Deal includes implementation of TelaFuel software to manage fuel replenishment processes.
DURHAM, N.C. -- Convenience USA reached a deal with Louisville, Ky.-based TelaPoint Inc. to install the TelaFuel Internet software solution to streamline and manage the company's fuel replenishment process.
Convenience USA will use TelaFuel, a browser-based application suite, to improve management of fuel replenishment operations across its network of 170 convenience stores in the southeastern United States. With TelaFuel, Convenience USA will electronically process fuel replenishment transactions with preferred fuel carriers to better manage petroleum inventories and supply logistics, resulting in lower costs, greater administrative efficiency and enhanced relationships with transportation suppliers.
"Our decision to implement TelaPoint's Internet supply-chain solution supports our business strategy to improve operational controls and reduce administrative costs across our petroleum operation," said Troy Seymour, vice president of petroleum operations and strategic planning and development for Convenience USA. "TelaFuel will help us reduce fuel inventory costs and improve the coordination of petroleum supply transactions with our transportation partners."
Convenience USA stores include Holiday Market, Kwik Shop, Nugget Store and Sun Mart in Alabama, Florida, Georgia and North Carolina.


text:
The Lidar News team is always looking to add informative interviews with 3D industry pioneers and thought leaders. If you would like to recommend someone for us to contact please fill out the form below or contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
We look forward to hearing from you.
3 comments
Hey Gene,
Have you ever done an industry pioneer story on Carlos Velazquez? Seems like he'd fall under the category of pioneer.
I'll second John's nomination.
Looking forward to reading your Carlos Velasquez interview.


text:
Hi………..My name is Amardeep Singh pawar. Currently located in India,doing MCA from Punjabi university Patiala.I love to write articles related to latest technology.
Tips,Tricks and Hackery launched in 2011.The purpose of this site is to help you take maximum advantage of the software tools and web technologies at your disposal so that you spend more time doing things your really love.
Tips,Tricks and Hackery is meant to bring you the latest technological updates, tricks, tips and tweaks. Also you will find the Latest Technology News, New Mobile Phones, Gadgets, Gaming, iPhone, iPod Touch, Web 2.0 and more. In addition, you will find a great variety of posts that cover topics like SEO (Search Engine Optimization), ProBlogging, Social Media updates, Gadget reviews,Computer Software, Gaming etc.
If you enjoy visiting my site, please help spread the word by sharing this site with your friends.
Thank you very much for reading that boring info so far and I hope you like what you see on this site.
Thank you again.
Amardeep Singh Pawar


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Glenn McAllister <gl...@somanetworks.com>
|Re: "Modified" timestamp when using <copy> task
|Tue, 12 Jun 2001 17:32:04 GMT
Jamie Tsao wrote: > Hi, > > I'm using Ant 1.3 on Win2K. When I perform a <copy> task during my > build to copy over third party jar files (e.g. xerces.jar), why does > the "modified" timestamp on that jar change to the current system time > ? It doesn't really affect anything, but I just find it a bit > annoying. The jar file is only being copied over, not modified, so > that timestamp should remain unchanged. > > - Jamie When you copy over the file, you've "changed" the contents of the file while leaving the name the same. Thus, the new modified date. Glenn McAllister
|View raw message


text:
You've seen 3D printed accessories and jewelry in Silver, Brass, Bronze, and Steel? Now printing-service Shapeways adds 14 Carat Gold to the list of precious materials.
Don't expect it to be cheap – the manufacturing process alone is costly.
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- Lenard Anthony
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1 CryoLetters 31 (1), (2010) CryoLetters, Abstracts to a Meeting of Workgroup 2 of the COST Action 871 ("Cryopreservation of Crop Species in Europe"). The title of the meeting was "Integration of Cryopreservation in Genebank Strategies". It was held at IPK Gatersleben, Germany, on September HOW CAN ECPGR AND AEGIS CONTRIBUTE TO A MORE EFFICIENT LONG- TERM CONSERVATION IN EUROPE THROUGH A BETTER USE OF CRYOPRESERVATION? J.M.M. Engels Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari 472/a, Maccarese, Rome, Italy The European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR) is a collaborative programme among most of the European countries aimed at facilitating the long-term conservation and the increased utilization of plant genetic resources in Europe. Since a few years ECPGR has been in the process of establishing a European genebank integrated system (AEGIS) with the aim of conserving the genetically unique and important accessions for Europe and making them available for breeding and research. Countries are invited to formally accept long-term conservation responsibilities for identified unique and important accessions and to make these readily available to bona fide users. Collectively, the selected accessions (i.e. European Accessions) will form the European Collection. Countries are invited to conclude a Memorandum of Understanding with AEGIS to formally agree on responsibilities as a member of AEGIS. Conservation standards will be developed as part of the AEGIS quality management system. The following responsibilities of AEGIS member countries over registered accessions have been identified: o Ensure long-term conservation of the accessions according to agreed quality standards; o Participate in and/or to facilitate supporting conservation activities; o Provide for safety-duplication of the accessions at another genebank; o Facilitate the access to and availability of European Accessions according to agreed international instruments; o Document information on the European Accessions according to agreed standards; o Keep information updated and make it available to EURISCO. Cryopreservation is anticipated to play an important role in AEGIS, including: a. Possibly the only way that vegetatively propagated germplasm and/or non-orthodox seed producing species can be conserved safely and effectively for the long-term; b. It allows to avoid management problems related to maintaining germplasm in an active growth state and might thus complement traditional methods; c. It provides for an effective way of safety-duplicating difficult germplasm; d. It allows integration of long-term conservation and safe movement of germplasm; e. It facilitates distribution of disease free or disease indexed germplasm. 76
2 COORDINATING CRYOPRESERVATION RESEARCH PROJECTS: WAYS TO MINIMIZE LAB TO LAB VARIATION B. M. Reed USDA ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR , USA The administration of large scale projects that involve multiple laboratories requires careful coordination in order to produce valid data. Due to the variability of laboratory practices it is necessary to have clear and precise protocols and ensure that they are followed by every participant. Our earlier studies comparing the use of cryopreservation protocols in several laboratories found several critical points that must be controlled so that all laboratories can produce comparable data. Initially the four laboratories following the same protocols had very different results. Examination of each part of the process from plant growth conditions to protocol steps and regrowth parameters was used to determine critical steps that caused most of the variation. Initial planning was vital for successful coordination of the experiments. It was very important for all participants to carefully follow specific written protocols with all details clearly stated. As a result of this experiment we found that our initial protocol was lacking in the detail needed for successful intra-lab coordination. Study of procedures used in each lab allowed us to detail the critical factors that must be addressed in planning a coordinated project. In vitro plant health is a primary factor. This includes the growth conditions, medium used, length of subculture, hyperhydricity, and any pretreatments. Next operator skills or experience can greatly impact all steps of a protocol from explant excision to manipulation of explants during the procedure, so specific training is important. The plant part used and its location on the plant (apical, axillary or basal) also affects recovery after cryopreservation and this must be standardized in any experiments. The physical laboratory conditions, temperature, humidity and type of laminar air flow play a role in several of the techniques as well. Stringent identification and equalization of these critical factors are needed to produce comparable data for the same experiment done in several laboratories. CAN PLANT CRYOPRESERVATION LEARN FROM THE OECD ACTIVITIES TO ESTABLISH A GLOBAL NETWORK OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE CENTRES? H. M. Schumacher DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7b, Braunschweig Germany Although the foundation of biological resource centres for microbial and agronomic biological resources was laid in the late 19 th century, the development of institutions took different directions. In the 70 th, International agreements led to the establishment of rules and institutions to save biological resources for food production as a common global human heritage. In the microbial field, institutions remained in a private or academic environment. This is also reflected by the development of patent protection rights on microbes and related materials under the Budapest treaty. 77
3 Recently, the OECD took the initiative to work on international guidelines for maintenance and exchange procedures to be used in Biological Resource Centres. In the future, collections should work in compliance with these rules to be recognized as BRC s (Biological Resource Centres). OECD activities also led to the foundation of GBRCN, the Global Biological Resource Centres Network, so far dealing only with microbial collections. Although these activities have been initialized by an international group of microbial collections, it has been taken up by collections in the medical field. The EU financed the BBMRI project (Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure) dealing with all kinds of human resources for medical research. This initiative also refers to a set of OECD guidelines. Thus far, plant genetic resources and even plant cell cultures have not been addressed by the OECD. Nevertheless, the plant field has to be aware of these activities. On the one hand, already existing guidelines for technical procedures in other fields may be helpful to develop similar issues in the plant sector. Anyway spreading of rules should be watched to avoid the establishment of requirements which cannot be fulfilled by plant cryopreservation practise. LONG-TERM STORAGE OF PINUS NIGRA Arn. EMBRYOGENIC TISSUES THROUGH CRYOPRESERVATION T. Salaj 1, I. Matusikova 1, B. Panis 2, R. Swennen 2, J. Salaj 1 1 Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, PO Box 39A, Nitra, Slovak Republic; 2 Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 13, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium Cryopreservation of Pinus nigra Arn. embryogenic tissues has been studied using the slow freezing method. In the first series of experiments, twenty cell lines were included. The aim of this study was to store the tissues in liquid nitrogen for 1 year and 1 hour and to compare their recovery frequencies after thawing. Prior to storage in liquid nitrogen, the tissues were pre-treated with sucrose (180 g.l -1 ) and DMSO (7.5%). After short-term storage, 80% of cell lines regenerated with frequencies ranging between 20 to 100% and their growth was not negatively influenced by storage in liquid nitrogen. After the second week of culture massive growth was observed in most of recovered cell lines. After the long-term storage (1 year) a prolonged lag-phase was observed in growth of tissues. It took 9-10 days for cell lines with high regeneration ability and even 8 weeks for cell lines with lower regeneration ability. The long-term storage resulted in recovery of 70% of cell lines with recovery frequencies ranging between 10 and 100%. Growth and molecular analyses are in progress. In the second series of experiment, the relationship between maturation capacity and recovery after cryopreservation has been studied. Altogether 20 cell lines were included in the experiment. Preliminary results indicate no correlation between maturation capacity of cell lines and their post-thaw recovery. Acknowledgements: The project was supported by the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA, Proj. No and MVTS. T. Salaj thanks to Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for research grant to perform the cryopreservation experiments at K.U. Leuven. 78
4 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF LONG-TERM CRYOPRESERVATION OF ABIES CEPHALONICA Loud. EMBRYOGENIC CELL LINES J. Krajňáková 1, S. Sutela 2, E. Petrussa 3, V. Casolo 3, D. Gömöry 4, A. Vianello 3, H. Häggman 2 1 Mendel University, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 3, Brno, Czech Republic; 2 Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN Oulu, Finland; 3 University of Udine, Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Unit of Plant Biology, via delle Scienze 91, Udine, I Italy; 4 Technical University Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, T. G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen, SK Slovakia Abies cephalonica belongs to the Mediterranean fir species, which are important in coniferous forests. However, most stands are rather degraded due to climate change. Interspecific Abies hybrids with high vigour and growth have been proposed to survive better than native species. Among Abies hybrids, the most promising are those where A. cephalonica is the mother tree. Conifer somatic embryogenesis is emerging as a key component of advanced forestry breeding programmes. Cryopreservation should be considered as an integral part of such programmes. We have developed a cryopreservation protocol for eight half-sib embryogenic A. cephalonica cell lines and we have also tested genetic fidelity of cryopreserved material using molecular markers. Maturation experiments included studies on the effect of sucrose concentration, polyethylene glycol and activated charcoal on quality and quantity of somatic embryos. In the present study, recovery of 6-year-old cryostored samples representing two cell lines was assessed by means of proliferation rate and microscopical performance of embryogenic tissue. Both cell lines reached stable proliferation rate 3 months after thawing when the ATP and glucose-6-phosphate cellular level were analysed at different phases of proliferation cycle. Success with multiple maturation experiments depended on the composition of media and the in vitro technique used (standard approach or spreading embryogenic cells onto filter paper). We report the first results on long-term cryopreservation of A. cephalonica embryogenic cell lines. CRYOPRESERVATION OF IN VITRO SHOOT TIPS OF WILD CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM), ASPEN (POPULUS TREMULA)AND ASPEN-HYBRIDS (P. TREMULA x P. TREMULOIDES) A. Meier-Dinkel Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Dept. of Forest Genetic Resources, Prof.-Oelkers-Straße 6, D Hann. Münden, Germany The deployment of clonal varieties of valuable broadleaved forest species is one of the tasks within the scope of utilization of forest genetic resources at the Northwest German Forest Research Institute. In order to safely maintain reference material of clones currently being on trial and of tested clones, cryopreservation protocols for in vitro shoot tips of different species have been developed. Shoot cultures of wild cherry (Prunus avium) were micropropagated on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA, 0.1 mg/l IBA and 0.1 mg/l GA 3. Shoot cultures of aspen (Populus 79
5 tremula) and aspen hybrids (P. tremula x P. tremuloides), later shortly called aspen, were cultured on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/l BA. In vitro shoot tips of wild cherry and aspen were cryopreserved applying a modified PVS2-vitrification protocol developed Betula. Compared to the birch protocol, the incubation times with the PVS2 solution were modified for wild cherry and aspen. The experiments were carried out with four wild cherry clones and 15 aspen clones. Ten shoot tips per treatment variant and clone were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN), rewarmed after a few days and placed on multiplication medium in order to determine survival and shoot regeneration. Assessments were made 2, 4 and 6 weeks after rewarming. The best treatment variants for four investigated wild cherry clones resulted in 60 to 80% shoot regeneration. In aspen, shoot regeneration percentages of 15 clones varied from 50 to 100%. Regenerated shoots of both species formed shoot clusters which could be propagated in the same way as unfrozen controls. CRYOPESERVATION OF SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL (DASIPHORA FRUTICOSA) BY DROPLET VITRIFICATION METHOD A. Nukari 1, L. Miettinen 2, M. Uosukainen 1 1 MTT Plant Production Research, FI Vihtavuori, Finland; 2 JAMK University of Applied Sciences, School of Technology, FI Jyväskylä, Finland Cryopreservation represents an alternative for long-term preservation of shrubby cinquefoil genetic resources no longer used for vegetative nursery propagation. Four cultivars were used to optimize the method. Suitability of apical and lateral meristems was tested. Use of activated charcoal in preculture medium after meristem isolation and effect of different sucrose pretreatment concentrations were studied. Different PVS2 treatment durations were screened. Buds excised from micropropagated plantlets were pretreated with activated charcoal on Murashige and Skoog medium for 0 to 3 days, and with a progressive increase in sucrose concentration (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 M) for 2-3 days, loaded for 30 min, treated with PVS2 for min and frozen on aluminium foil strips. Apical buds of 2-3 mm in length were superior to lateral and smaller apical meristems. Stepwise preculture with increasing sucrose concentrations ( M) was beneficial, but extending pretreatment with 0.75 M sucrose decreased regrowth and induced some visual damage like vitrification during regrowth. Two-3 mm long apical buds of cultivars Goldteppich and Tervola showed cryopreservation tolerance with regrowth between 16-90% and 20-60%, respectively but Dart s Cream and Elizabeth had lower regrowth with 0-60% and 0-40%, respectively when treated with activated charcoal, stepwise sucrose increase and PVS2 for at least 40 min. Sucrose treatment for one day on 0.25 M and two days on 0.5 M, instead of one day on 0.25 M, 0.50 M and 0.75 M each, combined with PVS2 treatment for 60 min increased regrowth of Dart s Cream up to 70-78%. In conclusion, droplet vitrification combined with activated charcoal and 0.25 M and 0.50 M sucrose pretreatments is suitable for cryopreservation of shrubby cinquefoil. 80
6 BANANA CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES AT THE BIOVERSITY INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT CENTRE (ITC), BELGIUM B. Panis 1, H. Garming 2, B. Piette 1, N. Roux 3, R. Swennen 1,4, I. Van den houwe 1,2 1 Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 13 bus 2455, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; 2 Bioversity International, Commodities for Livelihood programme c/o CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica; 3 Bioversity International, Commodities for Livelihood programme, Montpellier, France; 4 International Transit Centre (ITC), c/o KUleuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 13 bus 2455, 3001 Leuven, Belgium The ITC, hosting around 1245 accessions is the world s largest banana germplasm collection. All material is conserved in vitro under slow growth conditions at reduced light intensity and low temperature (MTS: Medium Term Storage), while 697 accessions are safely cryopreserved (LTS: Long term storage). Cryopreservation takes place using a droplet vitrification protocol that is applicable to all banana accessions that are present at the ITC and that are representing the whole Musa diversity. A safe back up (= black box) of the cryopreserved material containing 480 accessions has been established in IRD, Montpellier. Besides these living collections, also a lyophilized leaf tissue collection of some 700 accessions has been established in 2006 from which samples can be requested for molecular studies (DNA) studies. In this report, also the cost of conservation of MTS was compared to LTS. The calculated time, when the cumulative costs of MTS become equal/higher than for LTS, is 15 years. If stored for a longer time period, LTS becomes the cheaper option for conservation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS TO USE DIFFERENT EXPLANT SOURCES FOR ROUTINE CRYOPRESERVATION E. R. J. Keller, A. Senula, C. Zanke, A. Kaczmarczyk Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben, Germany After screening various parameters, efficient cryopreservation procedures were established. Biological material differs from technical objects with respect to its high levels of individual variability. Therefore, individual parameters can only solve a part of the methodical development and resulting protocols. Genetic variability and the actual morphophysiological state of the donor plants influence the result of the procedure to a major extent. Variability is expressed by different reactions of a plant towards given conditions as well as by the variability of morphological characters and morphogenetic pathways. The main species in the cryobank of IPK, potato, garlic, and mint are very diverse with respect to the parameter donor plant. On the species level major differences exist between monocot bulbous and dicot herbaceous plants. Between potato and mint there are differences in the shoot architecture (sympodium vs. monopodium) making potato a difficult object for morphogenetic analyses. Morphological differences on the infraspecific level are obvious within garlic, where the ability to form bulbils in the inflorescences is limited to some groups and the bulbils moreover differ in size, number and location. Within a species, the availability and quality of the target organs are very much depending on growth cycles and the given 81
7 physiological state. The location of a given bud may determine regeneration percentages as has been demonstrated for potato. In garlic, differences in regeneration rates were found between types with small versus large bulbils. As the mean regeneration rates over different garlic accessions between explants from bulbils (mean 32%), cold-precultured in-vitro plantlets (mean 47%) and inflorescence bases (45% in a test case) are in the same range, technological factors will determine what method to use. Sometimes different regeneration frequencies may be influenced by intrinsic genetic factors. Some accessions of garlic turn into dormancy forming in vitro bulblets whereas others go on growing after rewarming. Cold preculture stimulates regeneration in cryopreservation. All these factors play a role in the genebank logistics. INTEGRATION OF CRYOPRESERVATION IN PLANT GENETIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION STRATEGIES IN FRANCE Florent Engelmann 1, 2 1: IRD, BP64501, Montpellier cedex 5, France; 2: Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari 472a, Maccarese, Rome, Italy In France, conservation of plant genetic resources (PGRs) is organized in a decentralized way, through the operation of 26 crop-specific networks. The GIS IBiSA (Scientific Interest Group/Infrastructures in the Biology, Health and Agronomy Sectors) established in 2007 to coordinate the national policy for accreditation and support to platforms and infrastructures in life sciences, regularly opens and administrates calls for project proposals aiming at providing equipment to these platforms and infrastructures and/or at developing and implementing new technologies. Until today, cryopreservation has been little applied to horticultural or other agricultural species. In order to capitalize upon the dramatic progress made in the development of cryopreservation techniques for plant species and to stimulate the integration of this technology in the national PGR conservation strategy, IBiSA has decided to fund in 2009 the CRYOVEG project (Cryopreservation of French collections of PGRs). The project aims at 1) developing or optimizing cryopreservation techniques in a range of selected species; 2) establishing a national scientific and technical network of BRCs using cryopreservation. The project has a network organization, with IRD/INRA Montpellier as the cryopreservation expertise centre and partners in continental France and overseas departments in charge of genetic resource conservation for various species: INRA Guadeloupe (yam); Corsica (Citrus); Bordeaux (Prunus); Angers (apple and pear); Montpellier (grapevine); Ploudaniel (potato, Brassica); IRD La Réunion (coffee); CIRAD Guadeloupe (sugarcane) and La Réunion (vanilla, garlic). The group will work as a think-tank on the integration of cryopreservation in the national PGR conservation strategy and an action plan for its implementation will be collectively designed. The project will work towards establishing a French research network on PGR cryopreservation, open to all partners interested in cryopreservation. The group will prepare research and development projects whose results will be disseminated through European PGR conservation networks e.g. ECPGR. Finally, network members will train French and foreign (from North and South countries) researchers and technicians in cryopreservation techniques. 82
8 PLANT CRYOPRESERVATION ACTIVITIES IN FINLAND TOWARDS CRYOBANKING H. Häggman 1, M. Uosukainen 2 1 University of Oulu, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 3000, FIN Oulu, Finland; 2 MTT Plant Production Research, FI Vihtavuori, Finland; 2 JAMK Finland Plant germplasm conservation relies on in situ and ex situ strategies. Among ex situ conservation methods, attention has recently focused on cryopreservation. Cryopreservation offers a safe and cheap alternative for maintaining genetic fidelity and protecting germplasm from external threats. The possibility of large scale cryobanking has thus been evaluated. In Finland, the responsibility for conservation of germplasm of horticultural plants lies with MTT Agrifood Research Centre and with Metla (Finnish Forest Research Institute) for forest tree species. For horticultural plants and forest trees, both in situ and ex situ strategies are employed and cryopreservation is in active use in both institutes. In addition to these governmental institutes, Helsinki and Oulu Universities teach cryopreservation and perform cryopreservation research. In Oulu, cryopreservation protocols are actively researched and there is increasing interest for using cryopreservation as one method for conserving wild plant species. A large liquid nitrogen container has recently been purchased for this purpose. Integrating cryopreservation within Nordic genebank (NordGen) activities is envisaged in Nordic countries. However, integration has been concretely initiated only in Finland. In Finland, the national raspberry and hop collections are cryobanked, strawberry collection is partly cryobanked, and cryobanking Ribes, Malus, Prunus and Syringa has been initiated. NordGen has made a tentative plan for using the facilities of MTT Agrifood Research (Laukaa) for establishing a backup long-term collection of vegetatively propagated horticultural plants. The apple germplasm collection will most probably be established in Denmark where most Nordic apple accessions are conserved in the field and already partly cryopreserved. We are thus moving towards cryobanking. Integrating laboratories already engaged in cryopreservation as satellites of the existing genebanks seems the most efficient and cost-effective strategy to make the best use of resources and know-how. CRYOCONSERVATION STRATEGY OF FRUIT GENETIC RESOURCES IN GERMANY M. Höfer Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D Dresden, Germany The National Program for Genetic Resources of Agricultural and Horticultural Plants in Germany is designed to provide long-term preservation, utilization, research and development for these species. In the Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops in Dresden-Pillnitz the Fruit Gene bank with 2600 accessions is integrated. The conservation strategy requires the application of different methods for safety duplication. One way is the German Fruit Genebank established as a network of collections held at several locations. Based on an assessment performed in different institutions, 950 apple cultivars and 369 strawberry cultivars were selected to be included into the National German 83
9 Apple respectively Strawberry Genebank. High operating expenses and budget limitations for field collections do not allow further duplication. The cryopreservation should be established as another safety duplication method. Cryopreservation using winter vegetative buds was successfully applied to the Malus collection maintained at the Institute in Dresden-Pillnitz. Following a two step freezing (prefreezing at 1 C/h to -30 C and maintenance at -30 C for 24 h) and cryopreservation for five months, chip-budding was performed after a 15 days rehydration period at 4 C. Successful recovery was only observed for scion pieces collected in January. Rates between 0 and 77% were reached. Further specifications of the cryopreservation protocol are necessary to adapt the method to mild winter conditions in Central Europe. For strawberry, first in vitro cold storage was elaborated and adapted as a safety duplication method. The average storage duration at 4 C for a range of strawberry cultivars was 22 months and for wild species accessions 9 months. Preliminary experiments with PVS2 vitrification using 22 cultivars and 7 wild species accessions demonstrated recovery data varied from 37 to 86% for the cultivars and from 0 to 60% for the wild species. These experiments indicate that it is likely to be a successful protocol for strawberry, but additional modifications may be needed for species material. HOW TO START A PROGRAMME ON ROSA CRYOPRESERVATION? A. Grapin UMR GenHort, AGROCAMPUS OUEST INHP Angers, 2 rue Le Nôtre, Angers, France GenHort research activities are dealing with genetics of horticultural species and this unit is in charge of several collections of plant genetic resources. Some works are focused in increasing knowledge of our collections, studying the impact of domestication and selection on the genetic variability, defining strategies for an optimal management of these genetic resources. In order to secure the vegetatively propagated collections, studies on cryopreservation have been undertaken on Pelargonium since The main objective was to determine if shoot tip cryopreservation could play a role in the long term maintenance of healthy collections of vegetatively propagated plants. An efficient and reproducible protocol of cryopreservation with a droplet-vitrification procedure allowed obtaining good survival and regeneration rates. Soon, new activities will take place in the cryopreservation studies developed at GenHort. For an applied aim, cryopreservation of Malus and Pyrus, using a dormant bud protocol will be undertaken. A new program focused on the genus Rosa is just about to be initiated. The sub-genus Rosa comprises over 180 wild species, assigned in 10 sections, and plentiful of cultivars within 2 clusters: the old garden roses (20 groups) and the modern roses (13 groups). It presents a huge diversity regarding geographic origins, plant architecture, flowering physiology, environmental adaptation, morphological characters etc. Knowing the few reports previously published on Rosa cryopreservation, the present purpose is to define the scientific questions which can emerge and the best way to approach their solution It is the aim to set up three kinds of cryopreservation protocols (encapsulationdehydration, droplet vitrification and dormant buds). The emerging questions would be: 1) is the tolerance to cryopreservation influenced by the genotype, 2) could the level of tolerance be related to the infrageneric diversity classification? The diversity within a collection of genetic resources could then be affected by the chosen conservation method. 84
10 EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOOTS REGENERATED FROM CRYOPRESERVED APICES: EMPLOYMENT OF CRED-RA TECHNIQUE M. C. Martín, I. García-Ginés, M. E. González-Benito Dept. Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. The analysis of epigenetic changes that can appear during tissue culture and cryopreservation is taking an important role in the studies of genetic stability of germplasm during these processes. The aim of this study has been to apply and to assess the capacity of the CRED-RA technique ( Coupled restriction enzyme digestion and random amplification ) (1) to obtain the methylation patterns of chrysanthemum cryopreserved shoots, and by comparing methylation patterns to analyse the epigenetic stability of the cryopreserved material in relation to control non-treated tissues. The methodology of this technique is based on the capacity of certain restriction enzymes (Hpa II and Msp I) to recognize the same cut sequence, but with different restriction capacity depending on the methylation status of the cytosine residues. Subsequently, PCR amplifications, using arbitrary primers, are produced with the digested DNA. These amplifications could show different bands patterns according to the DNA methylation status of the original sample. Analyses were carried out with chrysanthemum regenerated shoots derived from two different cryopreservation protocols: encapsulation-dehydration and vitrification. Controls (unfrozen samples) for each tested samples were included. Besides, the genetic stability of the samples was assessed using RAPD markers. The results obtained in this work showed a high genetic and epigenetic stability of the chrysanthemum samples studied. Nevertheless, two out of six samples, derived from the encapsulation-dehydration treatment, presented different band-patterns compared to their controls when the CRED-RA technique was applied. These differences cannot be correlated to a possible somaclonal variation since the RAPD data did not show any genetic change. No variation was detected in the four samples derived from the vitrification method, although to conclude that this protocol implies a higher stability, compared to encapsulation-dehydration method, further analyses would be necessary. CRED-RA technique has proven to be a useful tool in the assessment of stability in DNAmethylation patterns of regenerated plants of chrysanthemum after cryopreservation. Reference: 1. Cai Q, Guy CL, Moore GA (1996) Genome, 39: GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AND SURVIVAL OF APPLE BUDS TO CRYOPRESERVATION M.A. Revilla 1, T.B Toldam-Andersen 2, B.W.W. Grout, A. Heras 1, M. Viejo 1, M.E. Santamaría 1, R. Rodríguez 1, M.J. Cañal 1 1 Oviedo University, Department B.O.S., IUBA Instituto, Spain; 2 Copenhagen University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Denmark 85
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