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5 months after: A tragedy born in dust
From the second the massive fireball shot into the night sky Feb. 7, the explosion at the Imperial Sugar Co. refinery became much more than a local tragedy in a small company town.
Honoring our graduates
More than a decade ago, they toted lunch boxes and backpacks. Now the Coastal Empire's graduating private and public high school seniors hold only one thing in their hands: a diploma.
Parenting tip of the week: Oh, the joy of thte holidays
The holidays are here again and so are family gatherings. This time together may present an opportunity to bond with family members, but it can also be a source of stress.
Accentt in brief
COMING MONDAY: A comedy troupe at Jenkins High focuses on improv
Student essay
Question: How has the Civil Rights Movement changed the way you live today?
Question: What needs to happen to improve race relations?
State unemployment numbers up for January
Surviving the lean years
In much of the country, including Georgia, elections are cyclical, so most Savannah-area political operatives must resort to other work to make a living in odd-numbered, off-election years.
Regional & Local business briefs
The world looks at crime in Savannah
City Talk
CITY TALK: Christo, wireless and big ideas
A local store prepares for another weekday session that brings a community of knitter and crocheters together.
Around the watercooler
Economy and business-related Vox Populi calls
LEAGAL VIEWPOINT: What's in a gift?
Respecting customer preferences
SRS gets over 375 volunteer severance forms
Westinghouse and partners anticipated about 200 full-time employees to seek early severance pay ? but 375 stepped up.
People on the move in the Savannah area
Public Safety Day to feature rides, demonstrations, food
The Bryan County Fire Department will hold its annual Public Safety Day on Saturday from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. at the Kroger Shopping Center in Richmond Hill.
What's up with Lil G
College students set to perform at local church .
How to help schools and reduce poverty? Keep those zippers up
This will sound harsh to some and racially insensitve to others. So I apologize at the start. But Savannah Mayor Otis Johnson made me do it.
Coddling cruelty
WHEN A 'hobby' involves severely neglecting, if not outright abusing, more than a hundred dogs, it's time for that person to find a new pastime.
'Bond bank' a bust
NORMALLY, any proposal to streamline state bureaucracy would garner applause and support.
Doing the port shuffle
THE STATE Ports Authority in South Carolina has a strange way of seeking common ground when it comes to a proposed deepwater container port on the Savannah River in Jasper County.
Guest column: Local politicians can earn trust by genuinely supporting open government
Are you willing to have your tax dollars and natural resources, as well as your children?s future, served up on the table of economic roulette?
Political spoilsports
POLITICS MAY be sport to some Georgia legislators, but that shouldn't mean their input is necessary on the state's athletic fields.
Lee: Judge was wrong to return dogs to owner convicted of cruelty
Guest column: Congress must give greater scrutiny to potential Iran war than it did Iraq
Increasing reporting from Washington indicates that the Bush administration is seriously considering military action against Iran
Guest column: Republicans hope that voters will side with jobs over reporters
Figuring out who wins the political points during the open-records debate may not be straightforward.
Barrow inches over Burns
Democrat John Barrow clung to a narrow lead over Republican incumbent Max Burns in the hard-fought, nationally watched 12th Congressional District race.
Barrow defeats Burns in 12th
Democrat John Barrow candidate ousted freshman Republican Max Burns in a hard-fought, nationally watched race in the 12th Congressional District.
STATE LEGISLATURE: GOP hopes to shrink control gap
Burns: We're on the right track; Barrow: Our ox is in a ditch
Republican incumbent Max Burns and Democratic challenger John Barrow not only differed on issues in a 12th Congressional District candidates debate Monday night debate, but on whether the country is on the right track.
Liakakis rebounds as new county chair
In a political rebound after losing last year's mayoral race, former Savannah alderman Pete Liakakis claims victory to become next Chatham County Commission chairman
"Dying" to beat U.S. Rep. Max Burns
Democratic congressional candidate John Barrow used a dramatization of man collapsing in a new television ad claiming U.S. Rep. Max Burns voted to cut funding for rural hospitals.
Republicans, Democrats push for votes in Chatham County
Their trails nearly crossing, the governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, and four members of Congress, stumped in Chatham County on election eve.
Murray, Liakakis duke it out
The gloves came off Monday night in a debate between Pete Liakakis and Frank Murray, with both candidates for county commission chairman trading jabs three weeks out from the election.
12th District: hard fought congressional race
Democrat John Barrow is challenging GOP freshman Max Burns in the 12th Congressional District, which has become some of the most bitterly contested political turf in the country.
Tonight's debate puts pressure on Bush
With the presidential race a virtual dead heat in key states, the pressure is on President Bush to stop John Kerry from continuing the momentum the Democrat gained from the first debate.
1st Senate District: Veteran lawmaker faces novice candidate
12th District: hard fought congressional race
Democrat John Barrow is challenging GOP freshman Max Burns in the 12th Congressional District, which has become some of the most bitterly contested political turf in the country.
Will city, county ever tie the knot?
The merger of Savannah and Chatham County's police departments was historic. Its success could lead to future department mergers and again raise questions about total government consolidation.
Candidates rolling in the dough
Final campaign finance reports before election reveal pre-election spending spree for some.
It's your call: Pete or Frank?
Voters will decide Tuesday between two popular politicos seeking Chatham County's top job of commission chairman .
McMasters, Shay duke it out for diverse 3rd District
Each candidate has won this County Commission seat before. But on Nov. 2, there's only room for one.
Race is on for Zell Miller's U.S. Senate seat
Amendment 1 on state ballot fiercely debated
Supporters say Amendment 1on the Nov. 2 state ballot is needed to protect traditional marriage; foes say it's an attack on gay rights.
One commission, under Pete
As Pete Liakakis prepares for his new role as Chatham County chairman, can he deliver on his promise to unite a divided board?
GOP winning control of Georgia's statehouse
Winner will represent consumer interests on utility bills, service
Voters get chance to fix 'widow tax'
There are no campaign ads for or against this Nov. 2 referendum, but it's approval will help Chatham County homeowners who have lost loved ones avoid a bigger tax bill.
To-do list growing in Chatham County
For years, critical repairs have gone unfunded. The next commission must find the money, and political will, to take these projects off the back burner.
Precinct election results
The official precinct-by-precinct results for contested races in Chatham County.
Action on Burns bill might stall
U.S. Rep. Max Burns' mutual funds crackdown measure has passed the House but likely won't be voted on by the Senate until after the Nov. 2 election.
Endorsement count lopsided in chairman's race
Liakakis has more elected officials backing him, but Murray isn't even asking for endorsements; NAACP candidate forum tonight.
Money race tightens between chairman candidates
Television ads on the horizon as candidates build up campaign funds.
They came early and in droves
But a low tech glitch -- a shortage of paper forms -- frustrated some voters.
Voters get a do-over in Appeals Court election
Burns campaign cribs NRCC talking points
Campaign notebook: Burns defends prescription drug program
Barrow, Burns trade barbs at health-care forum
Contrasting approaches to health care issues were offered Monday by 12th Congressional District candidates John Barrow, Max Burns at a forum in Savannah.
Few locals convinced by Bush or Kerry
Local people interviewed after Wednesday's debate between President Bush and Sen. John Kerry said neither candidate changed their minds.
Political hay made of drug squad cuts
County budget gave $300,000 less to the counter-narcotics team. Next week, commission must decide whether to give that money back or cut officers.
Races heat up as candidates prepared for showdown
CAMPAIGN NOTEBOOK: Not so fast
Pollworker Rose MarcAntonio has been manning the booths for 36 years
Liberty County election results
Gay marriage ban argued before state Supreme Court
Senate GOP celebrates victories
Bush needs to brighten up; Kerry should ditch bad ties
Plenty of pre-debate, dress-for-success advice is available to President Bush and Sen. John Kerry, who face off tonight.
Economists say national sales tax plan has pros, cons
Economists say a national sales tax proposal that's become a hot issue in U.S. House and Senate elections is neither as awful as Democrats claim nor as great as Republicans boast.
Election officials report smooth balloting in Effingham County
Longest lines formed at the beginning and end of the day.
Highranking GOP colleague stumps for Burns
Rep. Deborah Pryce of Ohio, a high-ranking Republican congresswoman, was in Savannah Thursday to stump for embattled colleague Max Burns.
New school board members will be tested early and often
Sapp and Edwards say they can move system forward .
Baker headed for win in PSC race
Sapp wins school board seat in a landslide
Opponent Doliber hopes he sent a message in defeat.
St. Lawrence ekes out win over Democratic challenger
Shay coasts in District 3
Voters choose challenger's pledge to bring back good government over incumbent's promise to shake things up.
CAMPAIGN NOTEBOOK: Mitchell endorese Burns
CAMPAIGN NOTEBOOK: Did Barrow reject 'first responder' grant?
Liberty Co. chairman's race heats up
Differences are in the detail in the clerk's race
Voters fix the 'widow tax'
Passage of referendum means surviving spouses will keep tax exemptions on their homes
CAMPAIGN NOTEBOOK: Taxing issues in the 12th
Next week's runoff should finally settle appeals court race
Neither clerk of court candidate ready to accept victory
Absentee ballots will decide race.
Effingham sheriff's race pits incumbent McDuffie against challenger Rowland
Rerun of Appeals Court narrows field
Still no resolution in clerk of court's race
A glimpse around the county on election day
Voters get a do-over in Appeals Court election
12th District race muddy to the end
Johnson leads in first State Senate Districte
The Savannah Republican, president pro tem of the Senate rolled a big lead over Democrat Rex Templeton Jr. in the 1st State Senate race but the bigger question was whether the GOP would continue to control the upper house.
McDuffie, Sapp win re-election in Effingham
BREAKING NEWS: Arts grants announced
An auxiliary group of the Telfair Museum of Art has been awarded an endowment of $50,000 by the Jacob and Gwendolyn Lawrence Foundation to host an annual lecture that focuses on African-American Arts.
BREAKING NEWS: Abortion restrictions head to governor
UPDATE: District High Schools' End of Course Test Results
Results reveal few bright spots.
UPDATE: Georgia House approves 2006 state budget
Democrats claim the massive $17.4 billion spending document is too full of "pork."
Deadly dialogue
Nikki Redmond's confrontation with boyfriend Kevin Shorter resulted in his death. On Monday, the murder trial of Miss Savannah 2003 opens with jury selection.
GSU women reach Southern Conference final
Eagles beat ETSU in OT, next up WCU in final.
Deadly dialogue
Nikki Redmond's confrontation with boyfriend Kevin Shorter resulted in his death. On Monday, the murder trial of Miss Savannah 2003 opens with jury selection.
Power failures continue to plague Dolphin choppers coast to coast
Despite the problems, including 18 in Savannah, pilots say they'll continue to fly on missions.
Deadly dialogue
A confrontation with boyfriend Kevin Shorter resulted in his death. On Monday, the murder trial of Nikki Redmond, Miss Savannah 2003, opens with jury selection.
Give whales wide berth
DNR warns boaters it's a federal offense to get too close
Boat captain indicted on illegal alien smuggling charge
Library investigation seems almost finished
As a 10-month probe of alleged financial abuses at middle Georgia libraries apparently nears a conclusion, some expect charges to be filed within 45 days.
Stowaways found at Georgia Ports
The three men, taken into custody Friday, might be from the Ivory Coast.
Massive marina complex gets go-ahead
Cumberland Harbour gets two marinas, three community docks.
3rd ID commander: Casualties should drop
Improved bomb detection tools and armor are making a difference, along with better information from Iraqis.
House budget unveiled with special projects
Democrats contend the GOP is eating "pork" it once criticized.
Residents, board say no deal on rezoning for Rincon store
RINCON - Rezoning to allow a convenience store at the intersection of two major crossroads just southwest of Rincon was denied Monday night after area residents complained it would increase traffic problems.
House passes ethics bill
Senate passes abortion ban bill, House OKs $17.4 billion state budget.
GBI investigating reported sexual assault at youth detention center
Police say 11-year-old boy was attacked and sodomized at the Savannah Regional Youth Detention Center.
Vox Populi: "A stiffer fine and sentence should have been given to the animal cruelty case."
Voice of the people
Vox Populi:
Voice of the people
Vox Populi: "Heard of the new invention for Savannah drivers? It's a cell phone with a built-in turn signal."
Voice of the people
Bracing for an extensive renovation
Builder Don Reinke uses chains, jacks and joists to help keep the Tison House on the straight and narrow.
Be Spotted! on SavannahNOW.com
Be part of Spotted! on SavannahNOW.com. Share with us your St. Patrick's Day photos from years past. We want to see your wackiest, greenest, best St. Patrick's Day outfit in these photos.
Pets for adoption
These pets are looking for a new home.
"Anatomical Abstractions" showcases latest body of work by painter Scott Griffin
Rapid-fire reviews
Quick takes on "Survivor In Death," "A Salty Piece of Land" and "Juiced."
Grow a pot of luck
Shamrocks: "Once they start flowering, they won't quit."
Canvassing the South
Art work of "Horace Day" in Charleston; "Maltby Sykes" in Athens.
Extreme measures: How far would you go to prevent cancer?
For women who have a gene mutation but no cancer, radical surgery is sometimes the way to strike cancer first.
Breaking the silence of grief
Watching TV with Glenn Ford
High-flying star
Clyde the hawk, a.k.a "Spirit," soars for both GSU and the Atlanta Hawks.
Hot reads
Bestseller lists from the Wall Street Journal, USA Today and Publishers Weekly.
Movie Releases
"Be Cool," "The Jacket" and "The Pacifier" hit screens today.
A new day dawning in journalism
Donald Ritchie offers a sobering assessment of the new age of news.
Make a defining statement in your yard
Take the time to select the best hedge for the location and purpose.
The politics of sports
Lawmakers want to see changes in championships, divisions and more.
Out on a limb
Forsyth Park readies for tree-climbing contest.
Youth commission heads to D.C.
Students make annual trip to attend National Association of Counties conference.
You choose the winner in our ultimate Savannah romance novel contest
Read the entries and select the winner.
State's Open Records Act doesn't make all documents public, despite claims it's too lax
Sparks fly ahead of ethics vote
'Stash house' suspect arrested
Police link Sonell Milton Harris to stolen goods dealership.
Widows must file form to keep tax break
County voters fixed the 'widow tax? last year; now surviving spouses must seek an exemption by May 1.
College Briefs
News items from Savannah-area colleges.
39th St. fire likely accidental
Savannah Fire officials say they do not suspect foul play in the Tuesday blaze, which spread to three homes.
Garden City woman shot outside her home
Police are looking a Garden City man shot his ex-girlfriend and fled.
Public interest groups protest legislation to close business negotiations
Power restored to most of Chatham County
Help for tsunami victims can come in a shoebox
Operation Christmas: A new drive to help Asian children who survived a tsunami
Ticket to ride
Savannahians rolled up for a magical mystery tour of Lennon Tour Bus Saturday.
Police bust turns up stolen loot
Police say drug users exchanged stolen goods for crack cocaine.
Maryland guardsman ID'd in fatal Humvee accident
Heads Up calendar for Effingham County
St. Patrick's Day Spotted!
St. Patrick's Day is fast approaching and excitement is building in Savannah. Be part of that excitement by sending us your photo. We want to see your wackiest, greenest, best St. Patrick's Day outfit in these photos.
No verdict in 2002 murder trial
Liberty County prosecutors seeking the death penalty.
Council adopts poverty reduction plan
The Savannah City Council approved a poverty reduction plan that will develop strategies to help the 22 percent of Savannah get out of poverty.
Local races and rides
A listing of local road races, triathlons, duathlons and bicycle rides.
Church-related events.
Religion Bulletin
News of special events and activities at Savannah-area houses of worship.
Community Calendar
Your community events guide
Community Calendar
Your community events guide
Announcements, meetings and more
Volunteers Needed
Opportunities to help improve our community.
Your Week Calendar
Your community events guide to March 5-11
News about students, members of the armed forces and military reunions.
Community Calendar
Your community events guide
Community Classes
Your guide to local community classes
Heads Up calendar for Bryan, Liberty counties
Announcements, meetings and more
For a good cause
News about organizations making the city a better place to live.
Announcements, meetings and more
Seeking summer camp submissions
Deadline for announcements is March 15.
Police bust turns up stolen loot
Police say drug users exchanged stolen goods for crack cocaine.
Maryland guardsman ID'd in fatal Humvee accident
Garden City woman shot outside her home
Police are looking a Garden City man shot his ex-girlfriend and fled.
'Stash house' suspect arrested
Police link Sonell Milton Harris to stolen goods dealership.
39th St. fire likely accidental
Savannah Fire officials say they do not suspect foul play in the Tuesday blaze, which spread to three homes.
Testing St. Pat's stories number 1
2003 Legends of Golf photo gallery
View select photo highlights from the 2003 Legends of Golf.
2004 Legends of Golf photo gallery
View select photo highlights from the 2003 Legends of Golf.
St. Andrew's wins second SCISA title in last three seasons
Saints beat W.W. King 60-49.
Saints march to SCISA semifinals
St. Andrew's seeks second girls? basketball title in last three years.
GSU women reach Southern Conference final
Eagles beat ETSU in OT, next up WCU in final.
Kennesaw quashes AASU's upset hopes early
Pirates fall to defending NCAA Division II national champion.
UNCG ends GSU's season
Eagles lose in Southern Conference tournament quarterfinal.
GSU women fall in Southern Conference tournament final
Western Carolina edges Eagles 97-95 in double OT.
Hampton wows skipper in first test since surgery
Braves beat Dodgers 9-8.
Saints top Colleton Prep, head to SCISA final
St. Andrew's will meet W.W. King in state title game today.
With replay, SEC aims for fairness but achieves added delays
There's nothing instant about instant replay.
Bulldogs lackluster in road win
No. 10 Georgia 14, Ole Miss 9
Yellow Jackets beat Clemson, bolster NCAA hopes
Jack leads Georgia Tech with 18 points.
SCAD's Doxsey wins NAIA national title in 50 freestyle
Doxsey is SCAD's first national champions since the Bees rejoined NAIA in 2003.
Local high school golf scene booming
Area teeming with teenage par golfers.
J.D. Drew one-and-done with Braves' fans
Braves notebook.
Kennesaw State crushes Pirates in Peach Belt quarterfinal
AASU men end season 15-14.
Ramirez perfectly pain-free in win over Astros
Atlanta beats Houston 4-3 in 10 innings.
Local soccer standouts sign with AASU, Francis Marion
Prep Friday notebook.
Cadets still undefeated in rifle
High school roundup
Sheepshead and crappie atop area saltwater and freshwater catch lists
John Burke's Outdoors report.
Humphrey needs a little help to find scholarship at UGA
Update on UGA men's basketball recruiting.
Despite hassles, Busch Series embraces first race at Mexico City
Pole qualifying today for Busch race in Mexico.
New Uga debuts at GSU-Georgia
Local, Regional and National Briefs
Boston back-to-back or back to The Curse?
Update on Red Sox in spring training.
Tigers' Bonine shuts down Braves
LAKELAND, Fla. - Tigers manager Jim Leyland was as surprised as anyone that Eddie Bonine would be on the flight to Milwaukee for the Tigers' final two exhibition games.
Defense will be key for Lady Dogs
Georgia will take on Ole Miss today in SEC women's tournament.
Spring Sports Roundup
Georgia Southern beats Buffalo 14-6 in baseball.
National, regional and local sports briefs
Silver Cheetahs collect medals at Southern Nationals.
Hayward introduced as Jacksonville's new DE
New Jaguar signs five-year $25 million deal.
Jaguars' safety Darius receives permission to seek trade
Franchise player unhappy with Jacksonville management.
Davies looks to step off personal roller coaster
LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. - It wasn't supposed to be this way.
Turkey-calling contest set at Bass Pro Shops
Spring gobbler season will start March 26.
Spring Sports Roundup
Georgia and Georgia Tech baseball teams wins.
Area College Basketball Roundup
SSU falls at Utah Valley State.
Weekly honor roll from Hunter (H), Savannah (S) and Victory (V) lanes:
National, regional and local sports briefs
Sports pioneer Robinson honored with Gold Medal.
Martinez an easy, familiar pick to run Bulldogs' defense
Richt's former teammate has background to succeed.
Spring Sports Roundup
AASU baseball moves to 13-0.
Shockley gets first practice as starter under belt
Spring football practice begins at Georgia.
Mexico race has Busch Series regulars gasping for air
NASCAR notebook.
Mexican driver creates history, national stir with Busch Series pole
Jorge Goeters wins pole, Robby Gordon second.
National, regional and local sports briefs
Lawrence, Taylor earn All-PBC honors.
Prep Friday Question of the Week
Local prep athletes tell readers what they are doing for spring break this year.
No. 1 LSU holds off Lady Dogs
Tigers beat UGA 79-65 in SEC tournament semifinals.
High School Odds and Ends
High school rankings for soccer and baseball.
Bulldogs take new era to practice field
UGA spring practice begins today.
Testing St. Pat's stories number 1
Pets for adoption
These pets are looking for a new home.
Grow a pot of luck
Shamrocks: "Once they start flowering, they won't quit."
Make a defining statement in your yard
Take the time to select the best hedge for the location and purpose.
Community Classes
Your guide to local community classes
Local races and rides
A listing of local road races, triathlons, duathlons and bicycle rides.
Community Calendar
Your community events guide
Announcements, meetings and more
Savannah Morning News © 2017. All Rights Reserved. Contact Us | Privacy Policy


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Meaning and Origin of: Storm
Search for Names & Meanings Top 100 Names for Boys Top 100 Names for Girls Last Name History & Meaning Name Popularity Tracker Celebrity Names Search for Names by Trait Browse First Names A-Z Browse Last Names A-Z Browse First Names by Origin Browse Last Names by Origin Baby Name Lists How to Choose a Name
Save Name
Girl name origins & meanings:
- English : Stormy weather; tempest
Boy name origins & meanings:
- English : Storm, tempest
Boy name variations
Family name origins & meanings:
- English, North German, Dutch, and Scandinavian : nickname for a man of blustery temperament, from Middle English, Middle Low German, storm, Old Norse stormr 'storm'.
- Dutch : name given to a child born at sea during a storm.
- The Dutch name first appeared when the son of Albert Andriessen Bradt was born at sea in 1636 during a storm on the family's voyage to New Netherland; he was christened Storm van der Zee ("Storm from the sea"). Both Storm and <xref>Vanderzee</xref> are found as American family names.

subset: commoncrawl


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Microsoft, U of W Functional Contact Lens set to report blood sugar wirelessly
The University of Washington and Microsoft Research have released information on a project they've been working on for some time now, one that should, if completed, allow those with diabetes to monitor their glucose levels through special contact lenses. After reporting weeks and weeks of tech news without such a thing, it's nice to write about a medical breakthrough that comes in the form of gadget advancements in such an elegant vehicle as a contact lens. Without a doubt, if such a project can succeed, there's no doubt we're in the future - now we just need a pair that'll allow me to see when a can of caffeine will have the best effect.


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Buy: EETUQ1J153LA
Electronic Component Parts, Electronic Components Industry Services, Resistors
EETUQ1J153LA related keywords in 2017 United States
|Copyright ©2017 Hong Kong Inventory Limited. All Rights Reserved.Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners. Use of this Website constitutes acceptance of Hong Kong Inventory Limited Terms of Use and Privacy Policy


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The world is an ever changing place, and there is a need in our society to recognize and embrace the concept that this generation of students represents the faces of the future. In The College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, we strive to be a leader in preparing our students to be culturally and globally competent by fostering a climate centered on quality educational and social experiences.
CALS recognizes these "faces of the future" will embody the growing ethnic and cultural diversity in our society, and we welcome the opportunity of serving students from many different backgrounds.
This effort includes:
- Promoting awareness and understanding of diversity issues within the College and the University through enhanced dialogue and literature review and presentation.
- Articulating the benefits to the College and the University of having a representative student body, and how the sharing of ideas and information a culturally rich and stimulating environment.
- Assisting students through resources such as career and academic advising, with personal attention from a dedicated staff.
Diversity Programs provides a menu of key information for students to learn about high impact practices and ways to get connected on campus. To learn more about activities and programs related to diversity and inclusion in CALS, please contact Senior Assistant Dean Thomas Browne.


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ROCKAWAY TWP. - A controversy over campaign signs ended up in police headquarters when one of the candidates the Rockaway Township Education Association Political Action Committee (PAC) signs endorsed, incumbent Dr. Steven Hodes, was seen by a police officer taking down some of the signs and was stopped and asked about it.
The following account is taken from the police report of the officer who stopped Hodes.
Hodes, 50, was stopped by the officer in the evening hours of Friday, April 12. Co-presidents of the PAC, Linda Lombardo and Nancy Vuolo had been in police headquarters earlier that afternoon to speak with police about the fact their signs had been disappearing.
When an officer headed out of headquarters on Mount Hope Road and passed a "Hodes-Giarratano" sign at the Fleetwood Drive intersection, he noticed a Dodge sport utility vehicle parked in the driveway of the power station access across from Fleetwood Drive. When he swung back, he noticed the sign was gone and the Dodge was pulling out of the driveway. He then followed the vehicle as the driver went down to Mount Hope Road at the Stony Brook Road intersection and noticed another Hodes Giarratano sign was now missing from that spot. He then followed the vehicle as it turned in at 19 Mount Hope Road, noticed campaign signs at the Chestnut Terrace and Seminole Avenue intersections. The officer pulled into the nearby cemetery driveway and watched the sign at Seminole Avenue. A few minutes later, he saw the Dodge pass him and turn into Seminole Avenue and stop. He then saw the driver get out and take the sign and get back into the Dodge. He then went after the Dodge and stopped it. The driver, Hodes, got out and identified himself and produced a Morris County Sheriff's Department identification card. Hodes, a veterinarian, cares for the K-9 members of the Sheriff's Department squad.
The officer noted movement in the vehicle and told Hodes he had to look inside the vehicle for safety reasons. The officer spotted a small dog in the back and also, in plain view, several of the Hodes-Giarratano campaign signs.
At this point, according to the report, the officer informed Hodes he had seen him taking the signs. Hodes reportedly responded that his name was on the signs and he was going around taking down signs posted on public property because he had received a complaint from Rick Webber of the Birchwood Fire Company regarding the signs being posted improperly on town property.
The officer informed Hodes the owners of the signs had complained about them being removed and that as they did not belong to Hodes, he had no right to remove them without getting the permission of the owners.
Hodes replied he wanted Police Chief Walter Kimble called to the scene to get the situation straightened out since he felt he was not doing anything wrong.
The officer called in to the police desk and reported what had occurred. Detective Captain Jon Janosec then went out to the scene and also told Hodes he could not take the signs. He then asked Hodes to follow the officers to headquarters so the situation could be straightened out.
Hodes was seated in an interview room and the police chief was called. After he was briefed on the situation, Kimble called Morris County Assistant Prosecutor Susan Bielanowski-Reed, who is in charge of election law issues. After she was told of what occurred, she told the chief Hodes could not be charged with criminal trespass since the signs were on public property. Further, she told the chief, although "technically" taking the signs was a theft, Hodes should not be charged because "he had not been informed previously that he could not take down the signs," according to the account of her comments in the police report.
Bielanowski-Reed then told the chief to tell Hodes he could not remove the signs as they belonged to someone else and that if he had an issue regarding his names being placed on the signs, he should seek redress through Chancery Court in Morristown on Monday. She said if, after the warning, Hodes continued to take signs, "appropriate action" should be taken against him.
Told of the assistant prosecutor's comments, Hodes said he had no intention of stealing and/or disturbing anyone's property and again said he was contacted by Webber because his name was on the signs. He said Webber said signs had been taken down by company members, but others were still illegally displayed around town. He said he got a similar call from an unnamed person reportedly representing the Hibernia Fire Company the previous day. He said he was taking down the signs to "avoid further problems," according to the police report.
Hodes also told police he wanted it to be noted he did not place or endorse placement of signs bearing his name on any public property in violation of local ordinance.
Hodes told Hodes he would look into the illegal placement issue and Hodes was once again told he should not take down any more signs, to which he agreed. The signs that were in his vehicle were taken by police to be returned to the PAC.
By press time, Vuolo had not returned a call seeking to find out if the PAC was planning to take any action regarding the removal of their signs.
Hodes had written letters to Lombardo and Vuolo regarding the issue of the PAC endorsing his candidacy requesting that they not "formally" do so. When the signs went up, he again wrote asking they be taken down.
Giarratano also was not happy about being put on signs with Hodes. He said he was running a campaign of "change," so it was not good to be grouped with an incumbent.


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Travel + Leisure names the world's best hotels
And yes, these rooms have a view... an insane view!
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Inside Edition
Shelter hosts 'senior prom' for elderly dogs
A dog shelter hosted a prom for their senior pups to prove that no animal is too old to be treated like a king or queen.
Best Bites: No-bake cookie cake pops
Topped with coconut, sprinkles, chocolate and nuts, these quick no-bake treats are perfect for parties or as an after dinner snack.
Bloomberg via Getty Images
Highly anticipated Nordstrom Anniversary Sale begins
Everything from brand-new shoes and handbags to home and beauty items are sitting pretty at reduced prices.
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Edward Caloryd


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i like the usual things, hanging around with good friends, traveling to places when I can, reading, Film, Museums/Galleries Listening to music, Gigs, and having general fun when I can.
Books: I've read almost all of Charles Bukowski's books. They're an easy read. Old man and the sea,On the Road, High Fidelity, I'm currently reading Shantaram. It's well worth a read. Reading some Kerouac now, and enjoying it a lot. Always open to book reccommendations.
Film: Coen Brothers, Stanley Kubrick, Wes Anderson, Hitchcock, Pixar, PTA.
Shows: Horace and Pete. Arrested Development(Comedy Gold)Peep Show(Comedy Gold), It's always sunny in Philadelphia, The Office, Spaced, The Ricky Gervais Show, Party Down, Game of Thrones, the Wire, Sopranos, Breaking Bad(YES!), Deadwood, Mad Men, True Detective, The Thick of It, Lots more, but that's just a taste.
Music : The Books(favourite), Blackalicious, Madvillain, Squarepusher, Bob Dylan, Amon Tobin, Sufjan Stevens, Portishead, Flying Lotus,Led Zeppelin and Burial. to name a few.
Food: most foods. Just anything nicely cooked really. couple of favourites would be Steak Diane, Chili, Vegetable Curry, A sandwich with as much ingredients in it as the bread can physically withstand, crisps on the side.


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The spatial distribution of known predictors of autism spectrum disorders impacts geographic variability in prevalence in central North Carolina
- First Online:
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The causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remain largely unknown and widely debated; however, evidence increasingly points to the importance of environmental exposures. A growing number of studies use geographic variability in ASD prevalence or exposure patterns to investigate the association between environmental factors and ASD. However, differences in the geographic distribution of established risk and predictive factors for ASD, such as maternal education or age, can interfere with investigations of ASD etiology. We evaluated geographic variability in the prevalence of ASD in central North Carolina and the impact of spatial confounding by known risk and predictive factors.
Children meeting a standardized case definition for ASD at 8 years of age were identified through records-based surveillance for 8 counties biennially from 2002 to 2008 (n=532). Vital records were used to identify the underlying cohort (15% random sample of children born in the same years as children with an ASD, n=11,034), and to obtain birth addresses. We used generalized additive models (GAMs) to estimate the prevalence of ASD across the region by smoothing latitude and longitude. GAMs, unlike methods used in previous spatial analyses of ASD, allow for extensive adjustment of individual-level risk factors (e.g. maternal age and education) when evaluating spatial variability of disease prevalence.
Unadjusted maps revealed geographic variation in surveillance-recognized ASD. Children born in certain regions of the study area were up to 1.27 times as likely to be recognized as having ASD compared to children born in the study area as a whole (prevalence ratio (PR) range across the study area 0.57-1.27; global P=0.003). However, geographic gradients of ASD prevalence were attenuated after adjusting for spatial confounders (adjusted PR range 0.72-1.12 across the study area; global P=0.052).
In these data, spatial variation of ASD in central NC can be explained largely by factors impacting diagnosis, such as maternal education, emphasizing the importance of adjusting for differences in the geographic distribution of known individual-level predictors in spatial analyses of ASD. These results underscore the critical importance of accounting for such factors in studies of environmental exposures that vary across regions.
KeywordsAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) Intellectual disability (ID) Spatial analysis Disease mapping Generalized additive models (GAMs) Geographic information systems (GIS)
Additional file
Adjusted prevalence ratio
- ADDM Network
Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network
Akaike's information criterion
Autism spectrum disorders
Autism spectrum disorders with intellectual disability
Autism spectrum disorders without intellectual disability
Intellectual disability
Generalized additive model
Geographic information systems
Prevalence ratio
Socioeconomic status.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and restrictive and repetitive behavior[1]. Estimates in 2008 indicate that approximately 1 in 88 children have ASD and that the prevalence of documented ASD is on the rise[2]. The causes for ASD remain largely unknown and widely debated[3, 4]. Environmental exposures are hypothesized to contribute to ASD etiology[5]; however, identifying exposures of concern has been complicated by the relative rarity of ASD, the extensive number of candidate exposures, and the lack of exposure measurements during early life, the developmentally relevant time period for ASD. Thus, studies have explored the geographic distribution of ASD as a means for generating hypotheses about spatially distributed environmental exposures. Additionally, studies have used geographically-based exposure assignment to evaluate the impact of specific exposures such as air pollutants, pesticides, and hazardous wastes on ASD risk[6, 7, 8, 9].
One problem with evaluating the geographically non-random prevalence of ASD for etiologic purposes lies in difficulties disentangling the geographic distribution of other factors associated with diagnosis[10, 11]. For example, higher maternal education is associated with increased ASD diagnosis in the United States[12, 13] but not in some European countries[14]. These results suggest that maternal education is a factor in promoting recognition of ASD, but not necessarily the occurrence of ASD. Identifying patterns related to ASD diagnosis may be helpful for public health services allocation; however, to generate hypotheses about etiology, we must distinguish diagnostic patterns from patterns of ASD occurrence. For example, prioritizing investigations of a geographically-based environmental cause may be unwarranted if the observed spatial pattern is driven by maternal education (i.e. spatial confounding).
Two previous studies investigated geographic variability of ASD as a means of identifying environmental exposures related to ASD prevalence[15, 16]. Both reported that children born in certain regions of California were more likely to have a recognized ASD than children born in other parts of the state[15, 16]. The authors attributed their findings to regional differences in the underlying population (i.e. demographic and socioeconomic factors) or geographic variability of environmental exposures; but were unable to disentangle factors promoting diagnosis from environmental exposures because they did not adjust for potentially important individual-level spatial confounding[15, 16].
In order to determine the potential for environmentally distributed exposure to be associated with ASD in central North Carolina (such as contaminants in air or water), we first explored whether spatial differences in ASD prevalence existed and then whether differences remained after accounting for spatially distributed covariates associated with ASD risk and diagnosis. We used a method of spatial epidemiology that applies generalized additive models (GAMs) to assess the spatial variation of disease in a region while simultaneously adjusting for other geographically distributed individual-level factors[17, 18] such as maternal education, age, and smoking. Combining GAMs and geographic information systems allowed us to predict a continuous surface of ASD prevalence across our study area. Our research serves not only to expand the consideration of spatial patterns of ASD to geographic regions other than California but also to improve the utility of such studies by directly examining how adjustment for known risk and predictive factors influences geographic patterns. Patterns remaining after accounting for factors that influence ASD recognition may better reveal the distribution of novel geographically distributed etiologic factors impacting ASD prevalence.
Study population
The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active, population-based surveillance program that monitors the prevalence of developmental disabilities among children aged 8 years, an age by which most children with ASD have been evaluated[19], in selected geographic regions across the United States[20]. The ADDM Network conducts standardized review of medical and educational records and trained clinicians determine whether standardized case definitions for ASD and intellectual disability (ID) are met[20]. Our analyses utilized data from the North Carolina ADDM site (NC-ADDM), which began biennial surveillance in 2002. Analyses were restricted to children born in the 8 counties that were under surveillance during all study years (2002–2008).
ASD and ID classification
To fully explore the impact of spatial confounding on the geographic distribution of developmental disability, we considered 4 different disability groups: all children with an ASD, 2 subgroups within all ASD classified by the co-occurrence of ID (ASD+ID and ASD-ID), and the independent group of all children with ID without regard to ASD status. Examining these independent and cross-classified groups provided a more nuanced disentanglement of factors which may act differently to promote ASD, versus ID, recognition, as follows. Diagnosis of ASD requires comprehensive evaluation of a constellation of behaviors that can be more involved than a singular evaluation assessment of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) to determine ID. Yet, ASD often occurs with ID, frequently presenting more severe disability that is recognized at an earlier age. In addition, Durkin et al. (2010) reported a differential socioeconomic (SES) gradient in ASD prevalence by the presence or absence of ID; SES acts as a stronger risk factor for ASD-ID compared to ASD+ID[3]. Because we expect SES to vary spatially and be a spatial confounder, analyzing ASD without respect to ID may mask the true spatial patterning of disease.
Children met the standardized case definition for ASD if clinician reviewers determined their developmental evaluation records indicated behaviors consistent with ASD, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IVTM criteria for Autistic Disorder, Asperger Disorder, or Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not-Otherwise-Specified[21]. Children met the standardized definition for ID if clinician review of developmental evaluations determined they had an IQ ≤ 70 on the most recently administered psychometrics test such as the Battelle–cognitive domain[22], Differential Ability Scales[23], Stanford-Binet–4th ed.[24], Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence[25], and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III[26], or, in the absence of test scores, a written statement in the records indicated the presence of a severe or profound intellectual disability[20]. Our analyses included 561 children with ASD, who were further classified into two subgroups: children with ASD without ID (ASD-ID, n=330), and children with ASD and ID (ASD+ID, n=231). As a comparison to the ASD analyses, we conducted additional analyses investigating the spatial variability in the prevalence of ID (n=1,028) regardless of ASD status.
Residential location and covariates
Surveillance data were linked to birth records to obtain the residential address and covariate information at the time of birth of children with ASD and ID. Birth data were chosen to reflect the most etiologically relevant time period for brain development[27].
We combined several methods to geocode (i.e. assign latitude and longitude coordinates) the residential birth addresses of study children to improve geocoding accuracy and reduce positional errors[28]. First, we ran all addresses through the ZP4 software which cleans and updates addresses using U.S. Postal Service databases (e.g. converting rural routes to E-911 street names) (version expiring March 2011, Semphoria; Memphis Tennessee). We then cleaned all addresses individually and geocoded them using ArcGIS (version 9.3, Redlands, California) and U.S. Census Tigerline files[29]. For unmatched addresses, we used Google Maps to locate the residence where possible[30]. Using these methods, we successfully geocoded 12,299 (93.41%) of the 13,167 residential addresses. Of the addresses we were unable to geocode, 379 (2.88%) were post office boxes and 489 (3.71%) were addresses that were either incomplete or that we were not able to geocode to a specific location. Geocoding success was similar for the birth cohort and children with ASD and ID.
Spatial analysis
We estimated the log odds of ASD and ID using GAMs, an extension of linear regression models that can analyze binary outcome data and accommodate both parametric and non-parametric model components[17]. For non-parametric model terms, GAMs replace the traditional exposure term in an ordinary logistic regression with a smooth term (i.e. a term of best fit after adjusting for other covariates). In these analyses we applied a bivariate smooth to latitude and longitude coordinates and included all other covariates as parametric terms[17, 18].
We used a locally weighted regression smoother (loess) which adapts to changes in the data density that are likely to occur in analyses of residential locations due to variability in population density. To predict prevalence the loess smoother utilizes information from nearby data points (weighting information based on its distance from the prediction point). The region or neighborhood from which data are drawn to predict prevalence is based on the percentage of data points in the neighborhood and is referred to as the span size. Choice of span size is a trade-off between bias and variability. A larger span size (more data included) results in a flatter surface with low variability but increased bias, while a small span size results in high variability and comparatively low bias. We determined the optimal amount of smoothing (optimal span size), by minimizing Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)[17, 18]. A large optimal span size indicates less spatial variability in prevalence compared to a small optimal span.
We created a grid covering the study area that extended across all latitude and longitude coordinates of all addresses. We excluded grid points in regions of the study area where no children in our sample were born. The resulting grid comprised approximately 4,300 points. We predicted the log odds for each of the 4 developmental outcome groups (e.g. ASD) at each point on the grid and calculated an odds ratio using the entire study area as the referent group; the odds at each point was divided by the odds from a reduced model which omitted the latitude and longitude smooth term[18]. We did not remove children with developmental outcomes from the random selection of births drawn to represent the underlying distribution of births and, consequently, some cases were included in the denominator. As a result, the odds ratios from these models are mathematically equivalent to prevalence ratios. We mapped prevalence ratios using a continuous color scale (blue to red) and a constant scale range for all maps with the same outcome (i.e. ASD; ASD+ID; ASD-ID; and ID).
To provide information in the interpretation of spatial patterns that could be driven by sparse data, we preformed a 2-step statistical screening procedure, as follows. First, we tested the null hypothesis that developmental disability does not depend on geographic location, generally (e.g. the predicted map surface is a flat horizontal plane). Residential locations of individuals were permuted 999 times while preserving their case status and covariates [as described in[20]. In each permutation, the GAM with the optimal span size from the original dataset was run and the global deviance statistic computed. We used a conservative p<0.025, which accounts for inflated type 1 error rates associated with using the optimal span size for the original dataset in permutations, to determine if location was a statistically significant predictor of disability [details in[31]. If the global statistic indicated that location was a statistically significant predictor of disability generally, we next evaluated location-specific (point-wise) departures from the null hypothesis using the same set of permutations[18, 31]. Regions with significantly increased or decreased surveillance-recognized ASD or ID prevalence were defined as points ranking in the upper or lower 2.5% of the distribution of permuted prevalence ratios at each point, respectively[18].
Statistical analyses were performed in the R Package 2.12.02 (Vienna, Austria) using the gam library and a local scoring algorithm GAM estimation procedure and publically available statistical code[32, 33]. All maps were created using ArcGIS 9.3 (version 9.3, Redlands, California).
Selected Characteristics of the Birth Cohort and Children with ASD and ID in Eight North Carolina Counties in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008
Birth Cohort n (%)
All ASD n (%)
ASD-ID n (%)
ASD+ID n (%)
All ID n (%)
11809 (100.00)
561 (100.00)
330 (100.00)
231 (100.00)
1028 (100.00)
6073 (51.43)
464 (82.71)
279 (84.55)
185 (80.09)
665 (64.69)
5736 (48.57)
97 (17.29)
51 (15.45)
46 (19.91)
363 (35.31)
Year of Birth
2727 (23.09)
87 (15.51)
49 (14.85)
38 (16.45)
224 (21.79)
2825 (23.92)
119 (21.21)
66 (20.00)
53 (22.94)
266 (25.88)
2958 (25.05)
151 (26.92)
86 (26.06)
65 (28.14)
254 (24.71)
3299 (27.94)
204 (36.36)
129 (39.09)
75 (32.47)
284 (27.63)
Maternal Age at Birth
Under 25
4984 (42.21)
184 (32.80)
89 (26.97)
95 (41.13)
460 (44.75)
5435 (46.02)
281 (50.09)
184 (55.76)
97 (41.99)
465 (45.23)
Over 35
1388 (11.75)
96 (17.11)
57 (17.27)
39 (16.88)
103 (10.02)
2 (0.02)
0 (0.00)
0 (0.00)
0 (0.00)
0 (0.00)
Maternal Race
8148 (69.00)
368 (65.6)
238 (72.12)
130 (56.28)
519 (50.49)
3661 (31.00)
193 (34.4)
92 (27.88)
101 (43.72)
509 (49.51)
Maternal Educational Attainment
Less than High School
2553 (21.62)
76 (13.55)
29 (8.79)
47 (20.35)
377 (36.67)
High School
3424 (29.00)
149 (26.56)
66 (20.00)
83 (35.93)
372 (36.19)
Some College
2472 (20.93)
126 (22.46)
77 (23.33)
49 (21.21)
144 (14.01)
College or More
3341 (28.29)
208 (37.08)
157 (47.58)
51 (22.08)
134 (13.04)
19 (0.16)
2 (0.36)
1 (0.30)
1 (0.43)
1 (0.10)
Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy
1647 (13.95)
67 (11.94)
38 (11.52)
29 (12.55)
208 (20.23)
10150 (85.95)
493 (87.88)
292 (88.48)
201 (87.01)
819 (79.67)
12 (0.10)
1 (0.18)
0 (0.00)
1 (0.43)
1 (0.10)
353 (2.99)
23 (4.10)
14 (4.24)
9 (3.90)
54 (5.25)
11456 (97.01)
538 (95.90)
316 (95.76)
222 (96.10)
974 (94.75)
Robustness of analyses
Our final dataset contained some siblings. In addition to being genetically more similar to each other, siblings typically share the same residence. Including siblings living at the same address in analyses could induce spatial clustering as a result of familial (i.e. genetic) similarities rather than geographically-linked factors. To assess the robustness of our results to including a small number of sibling groups, we conducted secondary analyses including only one randomly selected child per family. Families were defined as children for whom the mother had the same first and maiden name and date of birth (obtained from birth certificates). Because information for fathers was missing and incomplete on many birth records, we did not attempt to identify paternal siblings.
Selected characteristics for the birth cohort and children with ASD or ID are displayed in Table1. Children with ASD were more likely to be male, have older mothers, and mothers with higher educational attainment. As has been reported previously[2, 38], the age 8 prevalence of ASD in the region increased from 2002–2008, however the prevalence of ID remained relatively stable (Table1). Residential locations at birth for our study population are displayed in Figure1 with slight alteration to preserve confidentiality.
Summary of Spatial Analyses
All ASD (birth cohort n=11,034 and ASD n=532)
ASD-ID (birth cohort n=11,034 and ASD-ID n=318)
ASD+ID (birth cohort n=11,034 and ASD+ID n=214)
All ID (birth cohort n=11,034 and ID n=916)
PR Range
Span Size
Global p-value
AF 2b
AF 2c
Additionally adjusting for method of delivery, marital status, birthweight, and adequacy of prenatal care did not change the appearance of maps for any of the 4 developmental disability groups considered, or the range of prevalence ratios observed across the study area; these variables were dropped from adjusted analyses. Spatial confounding was driven primarily by the higher educational attainment in Alamance, Chatham, Durham, and Orange Counties, and to a lesser extent, to greater maternal age observed in the same counties; maps with adjustment for maternal age and education only had the same optimal span size (0.95), a similar range of prevalence ratios, and were visually very similar to the fully adjusted maps. When we examined the patterns of maternal educational attainment and age across the study area, both were similar to the unadjusted ASD pattern. For example, mothers living in the areas where the unadjusted ASD prevalence was highest were approximately 1.75 times as likely to have completed college than women in the study area as a whole (Additional file1: Figure S1).
Among the 532 children with ASD, 214 (40.22%) also had an ID. The spatial patterns of both subgroups (ASD+ID and ASD-ID) were similar to each other and to the map of the combined group (all ASD); the locations of increased prevalence and the intensity of the increases were similar across all maps (Table2; Additional file1: Figure S2). Adjusting for spatial confounding resulted in flatter maps of ASD+ID and ASD-ID; however, greater attenuation was observed in the analysis of ASD-ID in which the optimal span size increased from 0.70 to 0.95 after adjustment (indicating the surface was less variable/ more flat after adjustment; Table2; unadjusted figures not shown). Additionally, the range of PRs was more substantially attenuated by adjustment in the analysis of ASD-ID. In our sample, ASD-ID was 1.33 times as high in children who had mothers with college or more education (referent group=children of mothers with some post secondary education; P=0.059); but these same mothers were less likely than mothers with some postsecondary education to have a child with ASD + ID (aPR = 0.67, P = 0.060).
Only 269 sibling pairs were in our analyses and their impact on analyses of both ASD and ID was negligible. When we randomly selected one child from each family for analyses, the pattern of spatial variability was quite similar to analyses including all children (results not shown).
Although we observed spatial variability in ASD prevalence in unadjusted analyses, the pattern of ASD appeared to be largely explained by factors influencing diagnosis -- maternal age and education -- which differed across the study area. The larger optimal span size and global p-value in the adjusted analyses, as well as decreased variability in prevalence ratios across the study area, all indicated less geographic variability after adjustment for known risk and predictive factors for ASD. Our results corroborate previous reports[15, 16] demonstrating spatial variability in ASD prevalence before adjusting for spatial confounding. In secondary analyses Van Meter and colleagues reported the impact of living in neighborhoods with high ASD prevalence was diminished in analyses adjusting for parental education, a finding consistent with our results[16].
Our results highlight the importance of adjusting for the geographic distribution of known individual-level predictors in spatial analyses. Here, adjustment for socioeconomic factors associated with diagnosis greatly attenuated geographic variability in ASD prevalence. This has implications for studies of ASD etiology that assign environmental exposures based on geography, such as air pollutants and agricultural pesticides, for which we caution the causal interpretation of geographic patterns that are not controlled for individual-level factors. Using GAMs allowed us to carefully account for known risk and diagnostic factors, a major strength of these analyses[18]. In addition, we considered both the statistical and qualitative aspects of the observed geographic patterns, tempering interpretation of areas of sparse data by considering tests of global deviance and changes in the optimal span size along-side visual inspection of the patterns in our interpretation of results.
NC-ADDM Network provided a large population based sample with information on co-occurring conditions, allowing us to consider differences in spatial confounding by the severity and type of disability. Patterns for separate disability groups, ASD+ID and ASD-ID, were visually similar to those for all ASD; however, ASD-ID appeared to be more impacted by spatial confounding as indicated by a greater attenuation in prevalence ratios and a increase of the optimal span size in the adjusted analysis. The associations between ASD (+/−ID) and maternal education and age that we observed in these analyses are consistent with previously reported associations in non-spatial analyses[3, 4] which indicate that ASD-ID is more strongly associated with higher SES than ASD+ID.
Although the global significance test did not indicate variability, our results suggest that ID prevalence varied geographically across the study area; even after adjusting for known spatial confounders the optimal span size remained small and results were visually suggestive of geographic differences in ID prevalence. There are several possible explanations for the observed variability in ID, including residual confounding by unmeasured variables and differences in the distribution of environmental factors across the study area.
Linking data from the NC-ADDM Network and vital records also strengthened our analyses. Vital records provided individual-level data on a number of covariates, allowing us to account for spatial confounding by these factors, and also provided residential location at the time of birth, which may be more relevant to ASD etiology than the address at diagnosis. Although the majority of children with ASD at age 8 in ADDM were also born in the study area, local changes in address were common (68.14% of children with ASD had a change in residential address between birth and age 8). If the spatial patterns we observed are due to difference in diagnosis, spatial variability may be more apparent using a later address corresponding to the time of diagnosis.
A final strength of our study was our ability to evaluate the influence of potential sibling clusters in analyses. While it is often suggested that including siblings in analyses will induce clustering, we did not observe this pattern in our data. One possible explanation is that the number of siblings in our analyses was relatively small (e.g. 269 sibling pairs in the ASD analysis of 11,566 children), due in part to the biennial study design and the selection of only part of the source population (15%).
There are also several important limitations of our methods. We chose the optimal tradeoff between bias and variance of the smooth (the optimal span size) by minimizing the AIC. Selecting the optimal span size for a dataset, however, may obscure important small scale variability in maps; it is possible that our analyses were conducted on a scale too large to identify small scale environmental exposures relevant in the etiology of ASD. Examining different span sizes may reveal important features of the data. Similarly, we assessed spatial confounding by visually comparing maps of prevalence before and after adjustment holding the span size and included observations constant and by investigating changes in the optimal span size before and after adjustment[18]; however, more objective methods of assessing confounding are needed and are an important topic for future research. We also used p-values as a screening tool, to evaluate the global spatial variation as well as areas of increased or decreased prevalence. Our use of p-values here was to evaluate whether or not spatial variability existed (i.e. whether the prevalence of ASD was constant across the geographic area). Nonetheless, many epidemiologists prefer the use of confidence intervals, which provide information on the precision of the observed association[39]. While it is possible to calculate confidence intervals in these analyses, it is visually difficult to display three surfaces simultaneously on maps. Additionally, we conducted permutation tests using the span size of the observed data to test the null hypothesis that the map is flat. Permuted datasets under this null hypothesis may have had a larger optimal span size, particularly for the ID analyses, which had a relatively small span size for the observed data (optimal span = 0.30). Consequently, using the span size of the observed data could result in a p-value that is too small[18].
Our results demonstrate the importance of adjusting for predictive and diagnostic factors that may spatially confound the search for novel environmentally-distributed risk factors for ASD. These adjustment methods can help the search for causes of developmental disabilities proceed more efficiently by aiding the interpretation of geographic patterns. Cumulatively, our results suggest that known predictive factors for ASD account for a large portion of the observed geographic variability in prevalence in central North Carolina. Although we did not identify spatial variability in ASD in NC after controlling for known predictive and risk factors, follow up of these results in other regions is may provide clues for ASD etiology.
The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Network is funded by the CDC (5-UR3-DD000089-03). Kate Hoffman was funded by NIEHS T32ES007018. We gratefully acknowledge Amy Herring for her statistical advice in conceptualizing this research. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Supplementary material
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Start Date: March 20, 2017
Beginner to Intermediate level
Whether you have never coded procedures before or are just new to ICD-10-PCS, this self-paced course is for you! The online course materials are available to you 24 hours a day/7 days week, so you can fit learning into your personal schedule.
ICD-10-PCS (International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision-Procedure Coding System) is the code set used to report facility procedures, services, and treatments provided to inpatients. This self-paced, online course will provide you with the details about determining codes from this new system.
The ICD 10 PCS procedure code set is used solely by hospitals for reporting hospital inpatient procedures (see 45 CFR part 162)
The workshop will be constructed of eight (8) parts:
- Introduction to ICD-10-PCS
- Medical and Surgical Section
- Obstetrics Section
- Placement, Administration, and Measurement and Monitoring Sections
- Extracorporeal Assistance and Performance and Extracorporeal Therapies Sections
- Osteopathic, Other Procedures, Chiropractic Sections
- Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, and Radiation Therapy sections
- Physical Rehabilitation and Diagnostic Audiology, Mental Health, Substance Abuse Treatment, and New Technology Sections
The current 2016 code set will be covered, including the proposed 2017 changes.
There are 10 CE's available for this workshop


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A branch of the Royal Naval Association (RNA) has been forced to close due to a dwindling membership.
The Loughton branch has been left with just 15 members following a number of deaths in recent years.
Association secretary Jim Smith said the association was left with no choice but to close after more than 25 years.
He said: "Deaths of our members mean we have been left with not enough people to fill the officerships.
"With associates and supporters from other branches we have around 30 members, but only 15 full members, which is not enough for us to continue."
Mr Smith said there has been a cultural shift which is affecting organisations like the RNA.
"People who leave the services nowadays have no interest in joining groups like ours and haven't done for some years," he added.
Alan Simpson, chairman of the association, said that there has been a dramatic drop in numbers during his time as a member.
"When I joined in 1989, this branch had over 100 members. Now it's dropped to 15. It's just not enough members to carry on," he said.
Mr Simpson joined the navy when he was 15 and moved to Loughton after he had completed 10 years of service.
The 83-year-old became chairman five years ago and said the group will now become an informal branch.
"We will no longer need to send paper work to HQ, but we will still meet up. I think some of the members will really miss it," he added.
The group will officially close on Wednesday with a service at St John's Church, Loughton, where it will lay its standard.
After the service refreshments will be available at the Royal British Legion, Church Hill, Loughton.


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Name the principal groups of processes included in fusion welding.
What is the fundamental feature that distinguishes fusion welding from solid-state welding?
Define what an electrical arc is.
Electrodes in arc welding are divided into two categories. Name and define the two types.
What are the two basic methods of arc shielding?
Describe the shielded metal arc-welding (SMAW) process.
Why is the shielded metal arc-welding (SMAW) process difficult to automate?
Define resistance welding.
What are the desirable properties of a metal that would provide good weldability for resistance welding?
Describe the sequence of steps in the cycle of a resistance spot-welding operation.
What is a sonotrode in ultrasonic welding?
Distortion (warping) is a serious problem in fusion welding, particularly arc welding. What are some of the techniques that can be taken to reduce the incidence and extent of distortion?
What are some of the important welding defects?
What are the three basic categories of inspection and testing techniques used for weldments? Name some typical inspections and/or tests in each category.
What are the factors that affect weldability?
What are some of the design guidelines for weldments that are fabricated by arc welding?
Created by Brandon Alcaraz about 4 years ago


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Для получения актуальных цен по гостинице Hilton Edinburgh Airport, пожалуйста, укажите интересующие вас даты и выполните поиск.
The hotel is located in close proximity to Edinburgh airport, which can be reached in just 2 minutes by the hotel's courtesy bus. Edinburgh city centre is approximately 11 Km from the hotel.
This 4-star hotel is ideally located for Edinburgh Airport, with the hotel's courtesy bus connecting guests to the airport in just 2 minutes. The hotel also boasts excellent leisure facilities including an indoor swimming pool.
Заезд: 15:00
Выезд: 12:00
Раннее заселение и поздний отъезд по возможности (услуга может быть платной).
Построена в 1995 году
Этажей: 3
Номеров: 150
|The property is a purpose built red brick building.
|Описание номеров
|Rooms are reported to be of a good size and are bright and airy. Rooms are well appointed and feature 32-inch flat screen TV's. Some bathrooms have a separate walk-in shower.
|Бары и рестораны
|The hotel has a restaurant, cafe and bar. The Cafe de Havilland Restaurant serves Scottish and international cuisine. It is open for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Caffe Cino is the ideal place to enjoy a coffee or light lunch while the Lounge Bar is the perfect place to relax at the end of a busy day. A range of classic British bar snacks are served here, including steak pie and fish and chips.
|Спорт и отдых
|The hotel features a 17m indoor swimming pool, steam room, sauna and gym.
|Обратите внимание
|A Stylish vibrant hotel that boasts the very best facilities that a modern hotel allows. A Superb Leisure Club, extensive car parking at reduced rates and unparallel transport links, making it an ideal base to explore both Edinburgh and beyond.


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in our current inventory
1969 Chevrolet Camaro SS
- Stock #
- 133233
- Body Style
- Hardtop
- Engine
- Exterior Color
- Daytona Yellow
- Interior Color
- Black
- Miles
- 176
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- 396 cubic inch V8
- True dual exhaust that's complete with dual chamber Flowmaster mufflers
- Correct black vinyl interior
- Muncie M20 4-speed manual transmission
- 15 inch Rally wheels
- Power front disc and rear drum brakes
- Correct Daytona Yellow exterior paint
If you're a frequent viewer of classic car auctions you're probably noticing that tributes, like this awesome Daytona Yellow Camaro Super Sport, are starting to cross the block for increasingly solid prices. That's because, in a market where investment grade cars and hobby cars are becoming ever more polar, these high quality recreations are the best way for enthusiasts to enjoy the thrill of owning an otherwise unobtainable piece of automotive history. With that in mind, this top notch Super Sport tribute is a complete, road ready big block car which features a highly detailed 396, a correct black interior, correct exterior paint and a fully-sorted professional restoration. If you're one of those buyers who values absolute authenticity, we can certainly accommodate you. But if you're one of the growing group of enthusiasts who wants to actually enjoy the performance, look, and feel of one of Detroit's best muscle cars, this '69 Camaro is your opportunity to forget about numbers and go have some fun!
There's no question the '69 Camaro is one of the best looking muscle cars of all time. Throw in a slick coat of correct GM code 76 Daytona Yellow paint and traditional Super Sport stripes, and it becomes one seriously lust-worthy piece of automotive art. Naturally, all this Camaro's top notch eye candy rides on a clean and arrow-straight body which presents solid, dent-free panels with better-than-new fit and super narrow gaps. On top of that body, a rugged two-stage urethane provides the kind of dynamic finish and glossy shine that will emphasize the car's power and attitude for years to come. And overall, this Super Sport is one high quality head turner which sets the standard for any pony car that dare show its face at the same cruise in!
Chevrolet's design team did a great job with the 1969 Camaro's various trim levels, and this fresh Super Sport build takes the best of those options and creates a classic look which remains both distinct and true to form. At the front of the car's yellow body a satin black grille hangs a traditional white "SS" emblem between bright halogen headlights, a showroom fresh chrome bumper, crystal clear parking lights and an optional D80 chin spoiler. At the top of the car, a pristine "Camaro by Chevrolet" emblem rides in front of a familiar ZL2, "COWL INDUCTION" branded hood; and like-new glass, which is framed by dent-free stainless trim, rides between a correct chrome mirror, new chrome drip rails and familiar silver windshield wipers. At the sides of the car form comes courtesy of thin stainless rocker spears, pristine "Camaro", "SS" and "396" fender emblems, and new Rally Sport fender louvers. And function is provided by new chrome marker lights, fresh stainless wheel well trim and obligatory chrome door handles. At the back of the car a traditional D80 decklid spoiler rides between a second "Camaro by Chevrolet" emblem and a traditional black valence that centers a fourth white "SS" emblem between segmented tail lights. And a second showroom fresh chrome bumper, which comes complete with optional chrome guards, hangs over traditional bare exhaust pipes.
While the exterior of Chevrolet's famed '69 Camaro is a story all its own, what really made these cars special is what lived between their fenders. Lift this Super Sport's bright yellow hood and you'll find a fully detailed, 396 cubic inch big block V8 that's been restored to a highly accurate, showroom fresh appearance. At the top of that monster block, air flows from a correct single snorkel air cleaner, which is adorned with a new 396 cross-flag decal, into a traditional Quadrajet carburetor and a correct cast iron intake manifold. At the sides of that intake, spectacular chrome valve covers hang above fully restored exhaust manifolds. At the back of those valve covers, a rebuilt points distributor sends fire through fresh 7MM Suppression wires. Cooling is provided by a gloss black radiator which sends water through reproduction GM hoses and fresh tower clamps. And, since this Camaro came with factory equipped with power disc brakes, an appropriately stamped Delco Moraine brake booster hangs on the left side of its firewall. Aesthetically, the car's satin black engine compartment is exceptionally clean, and thus far, hasn't even had enough time to build up a thin layer of dust on its Chevy Orange block. All the car's correct overspray, paint daubs and decals are present and accounted for. And details like rebuilt horns, a tagged Delco Energizer battery and satin black fender brace bars add the kind of finishing touches that'll make you want to pop the lid every time you park!
Although you could get a Super Sport with a slushbox, a large majority of the cars were equipped with tough and durable 4-speeds supplied by GM's Muncie and Saginaw affiliates. This particular Camaro, which has been fitted with a virtually indestructible Muncie M20, spins a correct 12 bolt Posi-traction rear end that's stuffed with tire-shredding 3.73 gears. That rear end hangs on restored leaf springs and brand new shocks which help give the car its crouching stance; and that transmission rides just behind a restored double A-arm suspension which features fresh shocks and correct factory optioned power disc brakes. At the center of the car a thrill inducing soundtrack roars through a fresh true dual exhaust system that employs fierce sounding Flowmaster dual chamber mufflers. And at the corners of the car, era-correct 15 inch Rally wheels spin a fresh set of 215/70 BF Goodrich Radial T/As around spotless trim rings and pristine center caps. Even though the bottom of this Camaro has been professionally detailed to look very close to factory correct, its fully restored chassis and mildly coated floorpans are completely sorted and ready to hit the road. What's not to love about a classic that you can show AND enjoy?
Inside this awesome yellow pony car it's 100% Camaro as reproduction GM code 711 black vinyl upholstery mixes an OEM feel with modern durability. In front of the driver, a good looking black dash hangs beautifully restored gauges, a Delco AM radio and controls for the car's heater above traditional, stainless trimmed foot pedals. Below that dash, an optional center console props a completely chrome Hurst short throw shifter behind Chevrolet's infamous 4-pack accessory gauges. Below that console like-new black carpet, which is bordered by chrome Fisher Body sill plates, anchors traditional GM lap belts inside of black rubber floor mats. At the sides of the car's firm seats, standard black door panels are decorated with excellent looking stainless trim and correct chrome "Camaro" emblems. And at the top of the car a tight black headliner, which retains all of its color, centers a chrome trimmed dome light between fade-free shoulder belts and wrinkle-free sail panels. Connecting the driver to the road is a fully restored factory steering wheel which spins a white "SS" emblem around a factory steering column. And behind the cockpit, an accurately restored trunk holds a correct jack and full-size spare tire between fresh decklid decals and a new houndstooth mat.
If a small block Camaro is just too ordinary and you really dig the magical appeal of that storied 3, 9, and 6 number combination, this high quality Super Sport is just what you need! Building a project to the show-worthy level of this car will cost a lot more than our asking price; and even if you started today, it would be take least a year before that project even started to resemble a finished car. So why not give in to temptation and let this slick Camaro show you exactly what instant gratification is all about!
- Year
- 1969
- Make
- Chevrolet
- Secondary Make
- n/a
- Model Name
- Camaro
- Secondary Model
- Vehicle Type
- Passenger Car
- Hobby Segment
- Muscle Car
- Mileage
- 176
Engine / Transmission
- Engine Type
- Gasoline
- Engine Size
- Engine Number
- n/a
- Heads
- Stock
- Fuel Specification
- n/a
- Fuel Delivery System Type
- Single 4 Barrel
- Transmission Type
- 4 Speed Manual
- Transmission Spec
- Muncie M20
- Transmission Number
- n/a
- Entertainment System Type
- AM Radio
- Battery Location
- RH Engine Compartment
- Battery Shut Off
- n/a
- Battery Charger
- n/a
- Power Steering
- No
- Air Conditioning
- No
- Interior Color
- Black
- Seating Type
- Bucket
- Seat Material
- Vinyl
- Shifter Type
- Floor
- Center Console
- Yes
- Body Style
- Hardtop
- Doors
- 2
- Safe Body Color
- Daytona Yellow
- Paint Type
- n/a
- Stripes
- Yes
- Front Suspension Type
- Double A-arm
- Rear Suspension Type
- Leaf Spring
- Axle Specification
- 12 Bolt 3.73 Posi
- Front Wheel Specification
- n/a
- Rear Wheel Specification
- n/a
- Front Tire Specification
- Rear Tire Specification
- Front Brakes Specification
- Power Disc
- Rear Brakes Specification
- Power Drum
- Spare
- n/a
- Exhaust Type
- Dual Exhaust
- Muffler Type
- FlowMaster
- Restoration Status
- Restored
- Mileage Since Restoration
- n/a
- Awards Summary
- n/a
- Historical Documents Summary
- n/a
Contact Us Regarding this Vehicle
Call Us
- 704.445.9105
- 704.596.5980


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The Inn is beautiful and Donn & Marie are such warm, welcoming and passionate hosts. From the moment we walked through the front door we were made to feel comfortable. We arrived early and were able to tour all of the rooms in the house, hear of it's deep history and see some of the articles found there. It was close to all of the areas that we wanted to visit and the dining suggestions we were given were wonderful. We enjoyed being greeted by Marie's smile in the morning as she served up Donn's wonderful breakfasts. We will definitely be visiting again ...... thanks guys.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Located in a National Register of Historic Places site, The Carriage Inn Bed and Breakfast, with seven rooms and suites, is the perfect place for your relaxing getaway, "close to home" vacation, or romantic weekend away! Business Travelers will receive special care including flexible breakfast times, high-speed wireless internet, and a "no charge" cancellation policy. Nearby attractions include Harpers Ferry National Battlefield Park and Antietam National Battlefield. Antique shops, great restaurants, and Charles Town Races and Slots are within easy walking distance! ... more less
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- Also Known As:
- Carriage Hotel Charles Town
- Carriage Inn b&b