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, Rasulgarh Bhubaneswar, Orissa
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Copper Still Heating Element Kit Minus Controller (Element, adapter, gasket, clamp,copper ferrule)
Electric Moonshine Still Controller & Heating Element Kit
Designed to work with our 5 and 10 gallon copper moonshine still kits.
- Heavy duty stainless steel element adapter
- 1650 watt stainless steel heating element
- 6 foot 15 amp power cord
- 1.5" Copper ferrule
- 1.5" Tri-Clamp
- 1.5" Silicone gasket
- GFCI protected outlet
- Lead Free Solder
- Water Soluble Flux
- Tools - tin snips or a drill to cut the hole in the boiler for the ferrule
- Controller
Ferrule: Drill a hole in the copper boiler and solder the copper ferrule to the boiler.
Element: Thread the exposed end of the plug through the adapter cover and attach the wires of the plug to the heating element using a screw driver. Screw the element into the heavy duty adapter (included). Attach the adapter cover to the adapter housing. Attach the adapter and element to the 1.5" copper ferrule on the copper boiler.
How long will it take my still to start producing with this controller?
- 5 gallon still: 1 hour
- 10 gallon still: 2 hours
Praise from our customers
It shipped the same day I ordered it and was at my door 3 days later. The parts went together like a dream. Everything fit exactly as it was supposed to. The video instructions made this build very easy.

subset: commoncrawl


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Column: Early childhood programs fueled for improvement
By TARA THOMPSON, District 518
WORTHINGTON — There have been two sentences that have come across my desk in the last few months that are music to my ears for the families/children of District 518 and 3- to 5-year olds. The first one was: Thank you for applying to Parent Aware; you have been approved for the 4-star rating! The second one was: I am pleased to inform you that your application for Pathway II — State Early Learning Scholarships has been officially approved by the Minnesota Department of Education (MDE).
So, there should be two questions that come to your mind after reading the aforementioned sentences. The first one is: What is the 4-star rating? The second one is: What is the Pathway II Scholarship? I am very excited to share the answers to these questions with you.
The 4-Star Parent Aware Rating is the highest possible rating a program can achieve from the Minnesota Department of Human Services. The District 518 School Readiness program received the 4-star rating. This rating is based on classrooms where School-based Pre K standards are implemented. The rating allows programs to accept scholarships for children who are eligible. If you are interested in learning more about the statewide rating system, please visit their site at www.parentawareratings.org.
The Pathway II Scholarship allocation for District 518 is $92,745 for FY 2014. These scholarships are helping to ensure that every child has access to high-quality early education opportunities. Hopefully, these monies will help close the achievement gap and get students on the path to success through program expansions and enhancements.
Here is what this has meant for District 518. Programming has been offered to children in District 518 that have no early childhood experience and will be attending kindergarten in the fall of 2014. Sixty-four slots have been created for these children to have a three-hour, one-time-per week preschool experience.
In June, these children will also participate in the kindergarten transition class. This program will meet four days/week. Parent involvement is essential to building the foundation for school success. Parents will be offered kindergarten prep classes to include topics of readiness skills, registering for kindergarten and ways to help their children transition in to kindergarten. Program enhancements include students receiving school supplies packets and backpacks and improved classroom technology.
Another exciting piece for the scholarships is the ability for early education stakeholders to set up meetings to discuss kindergarten entrance assessments, transition activities, review of current practices, and proposals for implementation of items for the best interest of students and staff.
The governor and legislature have shown an incredible level of commitment to early learning through this scholarship funding. Now it is up to us to prove that the funding can make a huge difference in the lives of young children in our community.
Tara Thompson is District 518's Early Childhood Family Education (ECFE) and School Readiness Coordinator.


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StorPlus Full Size 6" Deep BPA Free High Heat Food Pan
Carlisle | Model: 10402B13
Carlisle 10402B13 Specifications
Low Price Guarantee On All Carlisle Products!
StorPlus™ BPA free polyethersulfone high heat food pans and lids by Carlisle are essential to any establishment for holding your pre prepared foods for serving to the customers. These pans and lids have a -40° to 375° F temperature range and are dishwasher safe for easy cleaning.
Manufacturer Information
2.17 lbs.
12.75 in.
20.75 in.
4 in.
Shipping Information
Your order will be shipped from
Customer Pick Up
Store pickup is available
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RYOT offers up a different kind of news platform. Not only can you find out breaking news but it encourages you to take action. Whether that action is donating to a charity, signing a petition, registering to vote, or just spreading awareness it allows you to become active! I found RYOT when a friend shared this article on Facebook about Mario A.I.
I would start your journey by watching the video on the About page. It explains the premise behind the site and how you can take action.
Then head on back over to the main page and dive into the latest news stories. I was not surprised to find news about the travel ban across the Northeast of the United States, or the viral content surrounding the incoming bad weather, but I was really excited to see what would be attached to the Take Action link at the bottom of the page. I was not disappointed! The story links up to the charity One Warm Coat that works to provide warm coats to people in need.
You'll find that you can find a lot of content already featured on the main page, but if you look along the top of the page you'll find a navigation strip with the categories: US, World, Entertainment, Viral, Good, Lifestyle, Oddities, and last but not least Science & Tech. A little bit of something for everyone.
Go take a look at these news articles today and then take action!
Tags: action, cause-based actions, charity, news, non-profit, petitions, RYOT, take action, vote


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- Trending Now: More Trending:
- transgender beleaguer scaramouch non sequitur admiral's mast
a fight for one's life
Definition of a fight for one's life
: a struggle to stay alive She's in a fight for her life.
Word by Word Definitions
: to contend in battle or physical combat
: to strive to overcome a person by blows or weapons
: to engage in boxing
: a hostile encounter : battle, combat
: a boxing match
: a verbal disagreement : argument
: the quality that distinguishes a vital and functional being from a dead body
: a principle or force that is considered to underlie the distinctive quality of animate beings
: an organismic state characterized by capacity for metabolism (see metabolism 1), growth, reaction to stimuli, and reproduction
: of or relating to animate being
: lifelong
: using a living model
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What made you want to look up a fight for one's life? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


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Midwest League unveils new logo
Previous logo had served Class A circuit for 32 years
By Midwest League | November 30, 2016 5:15 PM ET
SOUTH BEND, Ind. -- The Midwest League of Professional Baseball Clubs will enter the 2017 season with a new look as Midwest League President Dick Nussbaum unveiled a new logo for the 16-team Class-A level league on Wednesday.
The new Midwest League logo replaces a 32-year-old logo that featured a looping "L" and served as the league's mark through a period of substantial growth and expansion for the league.
"While the existing Midwest League logo served the league well, we, as a league, decided to create an updated identity going into our 71st season," said Nussbaum. "While keeping the traditional primary colors, we now can be immediately identified as the Class-A Midwest League, which was established in 1947."
Once spread over three states, the Midwest League now features clubs in seven states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin) and annually ranks among the top leagues in Minor League Baseball in overall attendance.
As the logo committee set out to create and design the new logo, the Midwest League took the approach of making the logo bigger and bolder while keeping America's red, white and blue the primary focus. "Midwest League" is now prominent in large white letters with a red background and establishes the league's proud longevity. Two crossed bats and a home plate serve as the foundation for the logo.
In addition, all Midwest League teams are granted the flexibility to use the logo with their own team colors if it incorporates better with any promotional design concepts.
"Our approach in creating the new logo was to get our members involved and gather ideas and we then combined two of the concepts, blended them together, and created a strong and straightforward logo," added Nussbaum. "We appreciate the guidance and feedback that Minor League Baseball provided from the start of the process to the release and it will be exciting to see the new logo proudly on display at all 16 Midwest League ballparks starting in April 2017."
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text: Audi Q5 Ex Showroom Price in Bangalore ranges from    50,59,500/- (Q5 30 TDI Quattro Premium)  to    64,32,000/- (Q5 45 TDI Quattro Technology Pack) . Audi Q5 has 4 Variants of Diesel versions are available in India. Audi Q5 comes in 6 colours, namely Scuba Blue, Ibis White, Monsoon Grey, Teak Brown, Florett Silver, Mythos Black. Audi Q5 comes with 4-cylinder Inline Diesel Engine With Common Rail Injection System And Turbocharging with 1968 CC Displacement and 4 Cylinders with Maximum Power 174 bhp@4200 rpm and Peak Torque 380 Nm@1750-2500 rpm DRIVE TRAIN AWD and reaches 100 KMPH at 9.0 seconds. Audi Q5 comes with Automatic Transmission with AWD.


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In Loving Memory Of Our Mother EDNA (FYE) ROGERSON July 31, 1933 – Oct. 17, 2007 We thought of you with love today, but that is nothing new. We thought about you yesterday and days before that too. We think of you in silence; we often speak your name. Now all we have are memories and your picture in a frame. Your memory is our keepsake with which we'll never part. God has you in his keeping; we have you in our hearts. We miss you so much. Love, Linda and Judy Mom, Not a day goes by that I don't think about you. I miss you so much. Love, Mark
Posted Oct. 16, 2009, at 8 p.m.


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The Valentino shoes seemed a bit out of place but she looked good nonetheless.
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HRTMS To Host Webinar On Managing Performance Through Accountability Conversations
Lenny Pollack, Ph.D., Professor of Practice at Penn State University will participate in an HRTMS webinar entitled "Managing Performance Through Accountability Conversations" 2pm, EDT, Thursday, June 28th.
Dr. Pollack is a Professor of Practice in Penn State's Department of Labor Studies and Employment Relations. Dr. Pollack develops and teaches online and residential courses in leadership, human resources, and leadership communications. Throughout his career, Dr. Pollack has been committed to improving the performance of individuals and organizations. He is a certified executive coach and has expertise in areas of leadership, performance management, survey design and administration, organizational development, group facilitation, change management, and strategic planning.
With performance appraisals as one of the most effective communication tools an organization can use to provide feedback, reinforce positive performance, and discuss areas of improvement, it is important for employers to know how to best conduct these reviews to achieve success. Dr. Pollack will focus on the ways your organization can use accountability conversations at critical steps in the performance evaluation process to influence employee performance.
Dr. Pollack will also review the best ways you can:
• Use performance standards as a tool for shaping successful employee performance and as criteria for evaluating individual and group performance
• Use a five step conversation when addressing shortfalls in performance
• Link responsibilities and performance standards with company goals
• Refine your positive and corrective performance feedback skills
• Use standards to foster accountability
Registration is required and seats are going fast for this complementary event so please register by visiting HRTMS on the web at http://www.hrtms.com/
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Perform Fit Studio offers small group fitness classes such as Sport Conditioning Circuit, Thai Kickboxing and Yoga. Classes cater to all ages and levels but mostly beginner to intermediate level. It is a very intimate studio, with no more than 12 people per class so we can provide a more individual coaching and learn to know our clients goals and lifestyle.
Small group circuit classes are a great alternative to expensive personal training sessions, they provide a global workout and contribute to increase all elements of fitness whatever the level you start at: Cardio endurance, strength, stamina, power, agility, and result in physiological improvements: Perform Better to Look Better!
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I miss by baby!!!
First business trip overnight away from Scott and it stinks. I've been gone almost 3 days. Can't wait to get home to my booby.
Comment deleted
We FaceTimed. It was pretty amazing because I knew he knew it was me. He had this look like WTH and then he smiled. Then I started singing to him and fell out! It was so precious!
He'll be so excited! My son just looked at me after I got back like 'Where. have. you. been. Mom." *accusing baby face.*
I tend to get the look of judgement when I don't feed him fast enough.
I'm actually preparing to change roles. Extensive travel is necessary for what I do. I need to something where the travel requirements are less demanding.
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About Dawn McLeod
Born: Mountain Top, Pennsylvania
Current: Louisville, Kentucky
Birth: January 24
On Moms.com since: Mar 27, 2014
A new mom to an AMAZING little boy! A career woman/working mom. A wife. A fitness freak. A lover of fashion and home decor. An avid dinner-party thrower.


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I Am Here To Take Over The World
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support
Just Watch When I Take Over!I'll laugh as the world gets colder! And you shall all bow the **** down or be fed to my rabid squirels! And they will eat you oh so slowly and make you SUFFER!
Im Noht.i would never choose ep as my starting grounds for world domination. tahts just silly, everyone knows a persons of my caliber, will start with taking over nursing homes all over the world to attain a **** load of suicide bombers.... then! I will move to phase 2.... FUCKKKKKK!
Doxtah 26-30, M 0 Apr 5, 2011


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Swages out burrs in .22 chambers caused by excessive dry firing. Insert and turn, or tap against burr until chamber is smooth and round again. Can be pushed in and turned with its own handle, a MAGNA-TIP® or a small wrench; or, threaded into an 8-32 cleaning rod and pulled into the chamber; or, driven into the chamber from the rear with a small punch.
Mfr Part: 22CS
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Toward allotetraploid cotton genome assembly: integration of a high-density molecular genetic linkage map with DNA sequence information
Plant genomics
Cotton is the world's most important natural textile fiber and a significant oilseed crop. Decoding cotton genomes will provide the ultimate reference and resource for research and utilization of the species. Integration of high-density genetic maps with genomic sequence information will largely accelerate the process of whole-genome assembly in cotton.
In this paper, we update a high-density interspecific genetic linkage map of allotetraploid cultivated cotton. An additional 1,167 marker loci have been added to our previously published map of 2,247 loci. Three new marker types, InDel (insertion-deletion) and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) developed from gene information, and REMAP (retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism), were used to increase map density. The updated map consists of 3,414 loci in 26 linkage groups covering 3,667.62 cM with an average inter-locus distance of 1.08 cM. Furthermore, genome-wide sequence analysis was finished using 3,324 informative sequence-based markers and publicly-available
This study will serve as a valuable genomic resource for tetraploid cotton genome assembly, for cloning genes related to superior agronomic traits, and for further comparative genomic analyses in
The genus
The genus
Genomic resources for cotton such as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), expressed sequence tags (ESTs), genomic sequences, genetic linkage maps, and physical maps provide landmarks for sequence analysis and assembly. Since the first genetic map of cotton was published in 1994
At present, a large number of cotton sequences are publically available via the Genbank database (
In this paper, we report an update to a high-density interspecific genetic map in allotetraploid cultivated cotton based on earlier work in our laboratory
A newly updated tetraploid cotton genetic map composed of 3,414 loci in 26 linkage groups
We integrated an additional 1,167 polymorphic marker loci into our previously published linkage map that contained 2,247 loci and spanned 3,540.4 cM
Figure 1
Comparison of marker types and loci between the previously published map and the updated genetic linkage map
Comparison of marker types and loci between the previously published map and the updated genetic linkage map. Note: The InDel, SNP and REMAP markers are new to the updated map and are not included in the map of Guo et al. 2008.
Figure 2
The newly-updated genetic map for A1/D1, A2/D2 and A3/D3 homoeologous pairs
The newly-updated genetic map for A1/D1, A2/D2 and A3/D3 homoeologous pairs. Note: Genetic map was constructed using a BC1 population obtained from the interspecific cross:
Figure 3
The newly-updated genetic map for A4/D4, A5/D5 and A6/D6 homoeologous pairs
The newly-updated genetic map for A4/D4, A5/D5 and A6/D6 homoeologous pairs. All legends are same as described for Figure
Figure 4
The newly-updated genetic map for A7/D7 and A8/D8 homoeologous pairs
The newly-updated genetic map for A7/D7 and A8/D8 homoeologous pairs. All legends are same as described for Figure
Figure 5
The newly-updated genetic map for A9/D9 and A10/D10 homoeologous pairs
The newly-updated genetic map for A9/D9 and A10/D10 homoeologous pairs. All legends are same as described for Figure
Figure 6
The newly-updated genetic map for A11/D11 and A12/D12 homoeologous pairs
The newly-updated genetic map for A11/D11 and A12/D12 homoeologous pairs. All legends are same as described for Figure
Figure 7
The newly-updated genetic map for A13/D13 homoeologous pairs
The newly-updated genetic map for A13/D13 homoeologous pairs. All legends are same as described for Figure
The enhanced linkage groups account for 1,559 loci (1827.6 cM) with 1.17 cM interval distance in the A-subgenome and 1,855 loci (1850.02 cM) with 1.00 cM interval distance in the D-subgenome, respectively. On average, each chromosome has 131 loci, ranging from a high of 223 loci on D5, to a low of 75 loci on A4. The longest chromosome in terms of genetic distance was A5 (Chr. 5; 213.7 cM), and the shortest was A2 (Chr. 2; 109.2 cM). Compared with the previously published map
Additional file 1
Table S1. Chromosome information in the newly updated high-density genetic map.
Click here for file
Duplication, rearrangement and translocation in allotetraploid cottons
In this new map, 693 duplicated loci were identified by 326 SSR primer pairs, with 574 duplicated, 111 triplicated, and eight tetraplicated loci (Additional file
Additional file 2
Table S2. Details of the duplicated SSR loci and their chromosomal locations.
Click here for file
Structure characterization of the newly updated linkage map
Of the 3,414 loci, 300 loci showed non-mendelian segregation (P < 0.05) with 137 loci skewed toward TM-1 and 163 loci skewed toward the heterozygous state (Table
The 3,414 loci were not evenly distributed on the cotton chromosomes, with more loci on the Dt-subgenome than the At-subgenome. To better understand the locus distribution on each chromosome, we analyzed the frequency of loci along 10 centiMorgan (cM) bins on the linkage map (Additional file
Additional file 3
Figure S1. The frequency distribution of polymorphic loci in each chromosome.
Click here for file
Clusters of loci were also observed in 26 linkage groups, of which 86 clusters involved in 617 loci (≥5 loci/cM) that were discovered in 25 linkage groups besides A1 (Chr. 1). Of these, 31 clusters contained 229 loci from the At subgenome, and 55 clusters contained 388 loci from the Dt subgenome. Nineteen candidate gene islands (≥5 EST-SSR loci/cM) and one retrotransposon-rich region were discovered by cluster distribution of marker loci. For example, the cluster that spanned from 106.83 cM to 107.40 cM on A5 (Chr. 5) contained six EST-SSR markers that should have been a gene-rich region. The cluster composed of 15 loci (8 loci from REMAP makers) on D3 (Chr. 17) may be a retrotransposon-rich region (Additional file
Additional file 4
Table S3. The cluster position, and numbers and types of loci in the cluster.
Click here for file
Of 3,414 loci, with the exception of AFLP and SRAP, 3,324 (97.36%) were from informative sequence-based markers. These highly informative sequence-based markers will be suitable for aligning the sequence information to linkage groups and finishing the integration between the DNA sequences and the high-density genetic map in cotton.
Integrating the genetic map with cotton DNA sequence resources
A total of 413,113 ESTs and 195 BACs from four major cotton species were extracted from the NCBI GenBank database as a sequence reference pool, and 3,324 sequence-based markers were used as probes to anchor and cluster these physical EST and BAC sequences by a highly specific
Additional file 5
Table S4. Gene numbers predicted in each chromosome by genetically and physically anchored EST and BAC resources.
Click here for file
Based on PCR
To identify the genes corresponding to 14,243 ESTs and 63 BACs, 2,111 clusters were grouped and each EST cluster was assembled into the longest possible unigene. For 63 BACs anchored to corresponding subgenome chromosomes, all genes in each BAC were predicted based on
Functional annotation based on Gene Ontology
All candidate unigenes were subjected to homology analysis against NCBI the RefSeq plant protein database to obtain putative functional annotations using Blastx with a cut-off E value set to 10-5. Of 2,748 unigenes, 2,258 sequences (82.17%) had homology to protein sequences. Among these, 1,901 were matched known proteins, and 357 were unknown or hypothetical proteins (Additional file
Additional file 6
Figure S2. Functional annotation of 2,748 represented unigenes.
Click here for file
The E value distribution of the top-hits in the RefSeq database showed that 88.81% of the mapped sequences had high homology (<1e-20), whereas 11.19% ranged from 1e-07 to 1e-20 (Additional file
Additional file 7
Figure S3. Descriptive statistical analysis of the Blast alignment results against the NCBI RefSeq plant database.
Click here for file
Functional classification and pathway analysis
Of 2,748 unigenes, 1,890 (68.78%) were mapped to the GO hierarchy with characterized biochemical and physiological functions involving biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components (Additional file
Additional file 8
Table S5. Functional annotation and classification summary for the 2,748 unigenes.
Click here for file
Additional file 9
Figure S4. Functional classification of the 2,748 unigenes that were assigned GO terms.
Click here for file
A comparison with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) showed that the metabolic-related enzymes encoded by 582 unigenes were located in metabolic maps based on the KEGG pathway classification (Additional file
Additional file 10
Table S6. Functional classification of 2,748 unigenes based on KEGG.
Click here for file
Additional file 11
Figure S5. Functional classification of the 2,748 unigenes that were assigned level 2 KEGG metabolism terms.
Click here for file
Integrating ESTs/genes with previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to fiber quality
Of 2,748 candidate genes, 2,111 were mainly from the ESTs of developing fibers in
Additional file 12
Table S7. Information on ESTs/genes integrated on fiber-related QTLs clustered within a 40-cM interval on the D8 chromosome.
Click here for file
A high-density genetic map is an important tool in cotton genomics research
High-density genetic maps have become an indispensible resource for elucidating genome structure, function and evolution, and are particularly important in polyploidy crops such as potato, cotton and wheat
In the present study, a high-density genetic map comprising 3,414 loci was constructed. Compared to our previously published map of 2,247 loci
The development of new markers was very important for construction of the new high-density genetic map. Retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers have been described in some plants
Segregation distortion regions are related to cotton evolution
Segregation distortion is increasingly being recognized as a potentially powerful evolutionary force
Integrating genetic and cytogenetic maps will accelerate elucidation of chromosome structure in cotton
From the genetic map, we observed that DNA marker loci are distributed unevenly on the cotton chromosomes. Heterochromatic regions in chromosomes are well known to inhibit crossover formation
Toward assembling the allotetraploid cotton genome
Tetraploid cotton (n = 2x = 26, AD) was derived from two diploids with A and D genomes that diverged from a common ancestor. The genus
The high-density map described herein, and integration of cotton genomic data with genetically-mapped markers provides an excellent bridge to assemble cotton genome sequences accurately, fine map tagged QTL, and accomplish the confirmation of genes structure and function
The 2,111 previously-mapped independent markers were successfully matched to EST sequences and BAC clones from different cotton species or the two subgenomes in tetraploid cotton species. Furthermore, we detected higher-level evolutionary sequence conservation in the different
In conclusion, the construction of a high-density linkage map provides an essential resource to facilitate the correct ordering of DNA segments on chromosomes for the comprehensive and accurate assembly of the allotetraploid cotton genome, and will enable further clarification of genome organization changes revealed by multiple species comparisons. The future availability of whole-genome sequences from cotton species will provide us with an unprecedented opportunity to analyze features of genome organization at the DNA sequence level, to study differences between organisms by comparing whole genomic sequences, and to enhance our understanding of the functional and agronomic significance of polyploidy and genome size variation in
Sources of primers
To refine our previously-constructed genetic linkage map of tetraploid cotton, we screened more than 2000 primer pairs. In detail, 1,000 new SSR primer pairs with prefixes GH from Texas A&M University, CER, CGR, COT, DC, DPL, and SHIN from Monsanto and HAU from Huazhong Agricultural University (
Plant material, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and electrophoresis
The mapping population was composed of 138 BC1 individuals that were generated from the cross [(TM-1 × Hai7124) × TM-1]
Construction of the genetic linkage map
All primer pairs were first used to screen the parental lines TM-1 and Hai7124 for polymorphisms. Polymorphic markers were then used to survey 138 individuals of the BC1 mapping population. The maternal (TM-1) genotype and the heterozygous (F1) genotype were scored as 1 and 3 in the BC1 population, respectively. Missing data were noted as "-". The χ2 test for goodness of fit was used to assess the Mendelian 1:1 inheritance expected in the BC1 segregating population.
JoinMap 3.0
In the present study, a total of 413,113 available ESTs and 195 BACs in the NCBI GenBank database (
Integration of genetic markers and genomic DNA sequence information
To align the markers with the EST and BAC sequences onto the genetic map, 3,244 informative sequence-based molecular markers were used. A PCR-based
Putative gene ontology and metabolic pathway analysis
The represented unigenes were subjected to a homology analysis against the NCBI RefSeq plant protein database (
The set of unigenes was submitted for GO (gene ontology) annotation using the Blast2GO program with the default parameters
Unigenes were assigned to metabolic pathways with the tools supplied by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
Integrating ESTs/genes with previously reported QTL related to fiber quality
Fiber quality QTL previously reported in our lab
BAC: Bacterial artificial chromosome; FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; InDel: Insertion-deletion; QTL: Quantitative trait loci; REMAP: Retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism; SSR: Simple sequence repeats; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; FL: Fiber length; FS: Fiber strength; FF: Fiber fineness; FE: Fiber elongation; FU: Fiber uniformity.
Competing interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Authors' contributions
WZG designed the experiments. WZG, LZ and YDL conceived the experiments and analyzed the results. LZ carried out most of the experiments, YDL and CPC carried out all computational analyses. XCT, XDC, WZ, HD, and XHG participated in part of mapping experiments. LZ, YDL and WZG drafted the manuscript and WZG revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This program was financially supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation in China (31171590), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20090097110010), the Natural Science Foundation in Jiangsu Province (BK2010065), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
Cotton fiber growth in planta and in vitro
Towards sequencing cotton (Gossypium) genomes
Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana
The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)
The map-based sequence of the rice genome
The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla
Polyploidy and the evolutionary history of cotton
Comparative development of fiber in wild and cultivated cotton
Estimation of the nuclear DNA content of gossypium species
Polyploidy and genome evolution in plants
Synteny and collinearity in plant genomes
Differential lineage-specific amplification of transposable elements is responsible for genome size variation in Gossypium
Rapid DNA loss as a counterbalance to genome expansion through retrotransposon proliferation in plants
A detailed RFLP map of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum x Gossypium barbadense: chromosome organization and evolution in a disomic polyploid genome
A 3347-locus genetic recombination map of sequence-tagged sites reveals features of genome organization, transmission and evolution of cotton (Gossypium)
A preliminary analysis of genome structure and composition in Gossypium hirsutum
Genome structure of cotton revealed by a genome-wide SSR genetic map constructed from a BC1 population between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense
A high-density simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism genetic map of the tetraploid cotton genome
Integration of physical and genetic maps in apple confirms whole-genome and segmental duplications in the apple genome
A physical map of the highly heterozygous Populus genome: integration with the genome sequence and genetic map and analysis of haplotype variation
A physical map of the papaya genome with integrated genetic map and genome sequence
Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of TM-1, a standard line for genetics and genomics in Upland cotton
Construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome library for the A-genome of cotton (G. arboreum L.)
A draft physical map of a D-genome cotton species (Gossypium raimondii)
Construction and identification of bacterial artificial chromosome library for 0-613-2R in Upland cotton
An integrated genetic and physical map of homoeologous chromosomes 12 and 26 in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.)
The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses
The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
Every genome sequence needs a good map
Construction of a high density integrated genetic map for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
A microsatellite-based, gene-rich linkage map reveals genome structure, function and evolution in Gossypium
Characteristics, development and mapping of Gossypium hirsutum derived EST-SSRs in allotetraploid cotton
Genetic mapping of EST-derived microsatellites from the diploid Gossypium arboreum in allotetraploid cotton
A comparison of genetic maps constructed from haploid and BC1 mapping populations from the same crossing between Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L
High-resolution pachytene chromosome mapping of bacterial artificial chromosomes anchored by genetic markers reveals the centromere location and the distribution of genetic recombination along chromosome 10 of rice
High density molecular linkage maps of the tomato and potato genomes
Structure and size variations between 12A and 12D homoeologous chromosomes based on high-resolution cytogenetic map in allotetraploid cotton
Exploiting EST databases for the development and characterization of gene-derived SSR-markers in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Using three overlapped RILs to dissect genetically clustered QTL for fiber strength on Chro. D8 in Upland cotton
Molecular cloning and characterization of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene, a fiber strength-associated gene in cotton
Molecular tagging and source analysis of QTL for elite fiber quality in Upland cotton
Diallel analysis of quantitative traits of hybrid between Gossypium barbadense L. and G. hirsutum L. using 7 substitution and introgression lines
QTL mapping in A-genome diploid Asiatic cotton and their congruence analysis with AD-genome tetraploid cotton in genus Gossypium
QTL mapping of yield and fiber traits based on a four-way cross population in Gossypium hirsutum L
QTL Mapping for fiber quality properties in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) affecting yield and fiber properties in chromosome 16 in cotton using substitution line
Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for fiber quality and yield trait by RIL approach in Upland cotton
Molecular mapping of QTLs for fiber qualities in three diverse lines in Upland cotton using SSR markers
QTL mapping of fiber quality in an elite hybrid derived-RIL population of upland cotton
QTL analysis and epistasis effects dissection of fiber qualities in an elite cotton hybrid grown in second generation
QTL mapping for fiber quality properties in cotton cultivar Yumian 1
Inheritance of long staple fiber quality traits of Gossypium barbadense in G. hirsutum background using CSILs
Genetic analysis of yield traits and fiber qualities by using major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.)
Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis
The organization and rate of evolution of wheat genomes are correlated with recombination rates along chromosome arms
Construction of a 10,000-marker ultradense genetic recombination map of potato: providing a framework for accelerated gene isolation and a genomewide physical map
Application of BARE-1 retrotransposon markers to the mapping of a major resistance gene for net blotch in barley
IRAP and REMAP for retrotransposon-based genotyping and fingerprinting
Common features of segregation distortion in plants and animals
Molecular mapping of segregation distortion loci in Aegilops tauschii
Segregation distorters
Multilocus interactions restrict gene introgression in interspecific populations of polyploid Gossypium (cotton)
Recombination: an underappreciated factor in the evolution of plant genomes
Uneven distribution of expressed sequence tag loci on maize pachytene chromosomes
An integrated physical and genetic map of the rice genome
Completely distinguishing individual A-genome chromosomes and their karyotyping analysis by multiple BAC-FISH
A revised taxonomic interpretation of Gossypium L. (Malvaceae)
Genetics, cytology, and evolution of Gossypium
Cross-species transferability of G. arboreum-derived EST-SSRs in the diploid species of Gossypium
Potential for crop improvement with exotic germplasm and genetic engineering
Genes duplicated by polyploidy show unequal contributions to the transcriptome and organ-specific reciprocal silencing
Reciprocal silencing, transcriptional bias and functional divergence of homeologs in polyploid cotton (gossypium)
Ohno's dilemma: evolution of new genes under continuous selection
The advantages and disadvantages of being polyploid
Homoeologous nonreciprocal recombination in polyploid cotton
Genetic mapping and QTL analysis of fiber-related traits in cotton (Gossypium)
Enrichment of a common wheat genetic map and QTL mapping for fatty acid content in grain
Meta-analysis of polyploid cotton QTL shows unequal contributions of subgenomes to a complex network of genes and gene clusters implicated in lint fiber development
QTL analysis of cotton fiber quality using multiple Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense backcross generations
A rapid method for extraction of cotton (Gossypium spp.) genomic DNA suitable for RFLP or PCR analysis
Molecular linkage map of allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. x Gossypium barbadense L.) with a haploid population
Fast screening of microsatellite markers in cotton with PAGE/silver staining
JoinMapR Version 3.0: software for the calculation of genetic linkage maps
The estimation of map distances from recombination values
Complete assignment of the chromosomes of Gossypium hirsutum L. by translocation and fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping
Repbase Update, a database of eukaryotic repetitive elements
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs
Blast2GO: a comprehensive suite for functional analysis in plant genomics
Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research
KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
BioMercator: integrating genetic maps and QTL towards discovery of candidate genes


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Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Variant (MTHFR C677T) and Migraine: A Case Control Study and Meta-analysis
Migraine is a common disorder that often coexists with depression. While a functional polymorphism in methyleneterahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR C677T) has been implicated in depression; the evidence to support an association of MTHFR with migraine has been inconclusive. We aim to investigate the effect of this variant on propensity for migraine and to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of MTHFR and migraine to date.
Individuals with migraine (n = 447) were selected from the Depression Case Control (DeCC) study to investigate the association between migraine and MTHFR C677T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1801133 using an additive model compared to non-migraineurs adjusting for depression status. A meta-analysis was performed and included 15 studies of MTHFR and migraine.
MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with migraine with aura (MA) (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70, p = 0.039) that remained significant after adjusting for age, sex and depression status. A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies showed that T allele homozygosity is significantly associated with MA (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.82) and total migraine (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.76), but not migraine without aura (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.36-3.76). In studies of non-Caucasian population, the TT genotype was associated with total migraine (OR= 3.46; 95% CI, 1.22-9.82), whereas in studies of Caucasians this variant was associated with MA only (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.002-1.63).
MTHFR C677T is associated with MA in individuals selected for depression study. A meta-analysis of 15 studies supports this association and demonstrated effects across ethnic groups.
Migraine is a common primary headache disorder characterised by recurrent headaches associated with gastrointestinal, neurological and autonomic symptoms
A number of studies have found a significant association between the TT genotype and migraine
The MTHFR C677T polymorphism has been reported to be associated with depression
To our knowledge previous studies have investigated this gene variant in either cases of depression alone, or migraine alone without controlling for the presence of the other condition. We hypothesize that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a migraine gene and the association with depression is due to the presence of migraine in the individuals studied. In this study, we investigate the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and migraine in a sample of cases of depression and healthy controls. A meta-analysis of studies of this variant and migraine is also reported.
1. Case Control Study
The study subjects were recruited for a genetic case-control association study of recurrent major depression, the Depression Case Control study (DeCC). The sample selection and recruitment have been described in detail
Depression Diagnosis
All depression cases were given a face to face diagnostic interview, the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN)
Migraine Diagnosis
For the lifetime diagnosis of migraine the structured migraine interview (SMI)
DNA Samples
DNA samples were obtained from whole blood or buccal epithelial cells for molecular genetic analysis. Whole blood samples were collected at the time of the interview for all cases with depression that consented for the genetic portion of the study. Interviewers collected 25 ml of blood from peripheral veins in the anticubital fossa. Blood samples were collected in Monovettes tubes containing EDTA. Each tube was rolled gently after blood collection was completed and stored at room temperature until the end of the interview where it was then transferred to the local lab for storage at -20°C freezer in upright position. In addition, blood drops from Monovettes tubes were placed on Buffy Coat. All samples (tubes and Buffy Coat) were labelled with a unique ID number and bar codes were placed on the tubes and Buffy Coat. Control subjects were sent cheek swabs (labelled with unique barcode ID) and instructions on how to obtain buccal swab samples and were supplied with return addressed envelopes. DNA was extracted in house from both whole blood and buccal mucosa samples following validated procedures as described earlier
Statistical Analysis
Data were entered into SPSS version 14 for Windows and statistical analyses were performed using chi square statistic and logistic regression analysis. Genotype and allele frequencies were investigated for association with migraine using contingency tables and chi square statistic. To test for specific association between MA and MTHFR C677T, logistic regression was used with MA as dependent variable and age, sex and depression were entered as co variables.
2. Meta-analysis
Two investigators (ZS and AM) searched databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar and Embase) for studies of MTHFR and migraine up to July 2010 (published in English). Search terms included "MTHFR", "methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase", "gene", "genetic variant", "polymorphism", "rs1801133", "headache", "migraine", "migraine with aura" and "migraine without aura". Studies were included if they employed a case-control design, migraine as the primary outcome and data were available to extract or calculate OR and 95% CI. Data from primary studies were extracted by ZS and AM independently and entered into excel database. Any discrepancy between investigators' findings was clarified and agreement reached by consensus. Fifteen studies including the current case control study were included in the analysis. These studies are presented in Table
Table 1
Migraine and MTHFR case control studies
British Caucasian
1.3 (1.01-1.70)
North Indian
1.295"a" (0.676-2.478)
0.48 (0.18-1.23)
2.48 (1.11-5.58)
105 (90 MO and 15 MA)
33 (5-17 yr old)
66 (Adults)
2.18 (0.68, 7)
MA "b"
USA Caucasian female only
0.79 (0.65-0.96)
6.5 (2.5-16.8)
Spanish Caucasian
230 (78 MA and 152 MO)
Australian Caucasian
2.54 (1.37-4.71)
Spanish Caucasian
329 (138 MA and 191 MO)
2.05 (1.2-3.4)
0.87 (0.61-1.25)
0.98 (0.84-1.15) "c"
MA migraine with aura, MO migraine without aura. OR for T/T genotype of MTHFR C677T polymorphism. "a" CT genotype is the reference point. MA n = 67, 0% TT genotype, 69.9% CC, 30.1% CT. healthy controls n= 150, TT 2%, CC 72% and CT 26%.
"b" self reported migraine with aura. "c" OR for T allele frequency in cases and controls. 12.7% of cases did not fulfil criteria for MA based on the International Headache Society Criteria for MA. MA here is therefore used as a broad definition.
Statistical heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the Q statistic, with significant heterogeneity for all of the migraine outcomes. Summary estimates were calculated using a general variance-based method (random-effects model) with 95% CI
The sample characteristics are presented in Table
Table 2
Sample Characteristics
Categorical Variables
No Migraine N = 1402
Any Migraine N = 447
χ 2
Female N [%]
951 [59.7]
284 [76.3]
< 0.0001
Depression N [%]
851 [53.5]
286 [76.9]
< 0.0001
Married/cohabiting N [%]
422 [26.5]
121 [32.5]
≥ 1 Child N [%]
479 [30.1]
65 [17.5]
Currently employed N [%]
263 [16.5]
55 [14.8]
≥ 12 years education N [%]
207 [13.0]
77 [20.7]
Continuous Variables
Age in year [SD]
47.7 [± 11.14]
46.9 [± 11.7]
SD Standard Deviation
Genotype and allele frequencies for the MTHFR gene C677T SNP were analysed for 810 (95% genotyping reaction success) psychiatrically healthy controls and 1039 (83% genotyping success rate) depression cases. The controls' genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) (χ2 = 0.01, df = 1, p = 0.92).
MTHFR C677T polymorphism and migraine
Allele and genotype frequencies for the MTHFR C677T variant were investigated in migraine. Migraine categories were assigned as follows:
• No migraine headache including no recurrent headache and non-migraine headaches.
• Migraine including MA, MO and PM.
• MA only.
Table 3
rs1801133 genotype and allele frequency
No Migraine N [%]
Any Migraine N [%]
Migraine with Aura N [%]
181 [12.9]
62 [14.0]
23 [18.5]
596 [42.5]
204 [46.0]
57 [46.0]
625 [44.6]
181 [40.0]
44 [35.5]
958 [34.2]
328 [36.7]
103 [41.5]
1846 [65.8]
566 [63.3]
145 [58.5]
The effect of sex was explored in the analysis and showed excess T allele frequency in women with MA (χ2 = 8.22, df = 1, p = 0.004, OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.13 - 2.07) and TT genotype (χ2 = 7.47, df = 1, p = 0.006, OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.19 - 4.07).
In order to investigate the association between MA and MTHFR C677T adjusting for sex and depression status we performed logistic regression analysis using an additive model with MA as the dependant variable and age, sex and depression as the explanatory variables. Excess T allele was significantly associated with MA (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70, p = 0.039). Summary of the logistic regression results is shown in Table
Table 4
Summary results of logistic regression analysis.
Age (year)
< 0.0001
< 0.0001
Presence or absence of migraine with aura is the dependent variable
OR Odds Ratio
All studies (15 [100%]) (Table
The pooled analyses of case-control studies employing an additive model showed that T allele homozygosity was significantly associated with MA (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.82) and total migraine (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.76), but not with MO (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.36-3.76) (Table
Table 5
Meta-analysis summary odds ratios (95% CI) for the association of the T allele homozygosity with migraine
All migraine
MA only
MO only
(15 studies)
(15 studies)
(4 studies)
N = 4,365 cases
N = 3,862 cases
N = 503 cases
N = 30,110 controls
N = 30,110 controls
N = 674 controls
All studies
1.37 (1.07-1.76) "a"
1.42 (1.10-1.82) "a"
1.16 (0.36-3.76)
Excluding 1 study of women only "b"
1.46 (1.11-1.92) "a"
1.54 (1.17-2.02) "a"
1.16 (0.36-3.76)
Ethnic ancestry
1.20 (0.95-1.53)
1.28 (1.002-1.63) "a"
0.73 (0.24-2.24)
3.46 (1.22-9.82) "a"
2.81 (0.84-9.44)
------- "c"
"a" Statistically significant.
"b" All studies included men and women except for Schurks et al 2008 which enrolled only women.
"c" No summary OR was computed, since there was only 1 study.
Figure 1
Meta-analysis results of studies examining the effect of the C667T polymorphism on MA headache
Meta-analysis results of studies examining the effect of the C667T polymorphism on MA headache.
Figure 2
Meta-analysis results of studies examining the effect of the C667T polymorphism on MO headache
Meta-analysis results of studies examining the effect of the C667T polymorphism on MO headache.
An assessment of the funnel plot of case-control studies of the C667T polymorphism and migraine suggested a slight publication bias (Figure
Figure 3
Funnel plot of case-control studies of the C667T polymorphism and headache
Funnel plot of case-control studies of the C667T polymorphism and headache.
We report a significant association between a common SNP (rs1801133) in the MTHFR gene and MA in a well-characterized sample of depressed cases compared to psychiatrically healthy controls. Previous reports have shown an association between this SNP and depression. In fact, the association between MTHFR polymorphism and MA remained significant after adjusting for depression suggesting that this association is unique to MA. No statistically significant association was seen between this SNP and depression or MO in this study. The association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and MA was stronger in women, however remained significantly associated with MA after controlling for sex, age and depression. Several studies suggested an association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and migraine as described earlier. Similarly, our meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies showed that the T allele is significantly associated with MA and total migraine, the association with total migraine is most likely accounted for by the presence of migraine with aura. Conversely other studies found the TT genotype protective for MA
In this depression case control study, we found migraine to be significantly associated with excess T allele and TT genotype of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. This association was specific only to MA. Broad migraine (including MA, MO and PM) was not significantly different than non-migraine headaches in their T allele and TT genotype distribution. This trend was also shown in previous studies in different populations as described earlier. The results were not always consistent however and other studies reported negative findings. A relatively large study failed to show an association between migraine and MTHFR C677T polymorphism
Our results showed that excess T allele and homozygous TT genotype of the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism is associated with increased risk for MA regardless of depression status. Our case control study showed that individuals carrying this genetic variant are 30% more likely to have migraine with aura and meta-analysis strengthened this observation and reported 42% increase in risk for such individuals, however it is important to keep in context that this 42% risk increase for MA is only in individuals carrying this genetic variant, the number of which is relatively small compared to the general population. The importance of our findings can be focused into 2 main areas:
1st studies of the MTHFR C677T variant are common especially in psychiatric and cardiovascular fields. These studies, we encourage, must take into consideration the common co occurrence of migraine in these disorders and the strong and reproducible association between this variant and migraine with aura. It is advisable therefore to screen and adjust for migraine in these studies to avoid spurious associations.
2nd individuals carrying this variant (although a small number of individuals are carrying the TT genotype variant) are at 42% increased risk for migraine with aura. In the light of increasing interests in personalised medicine, adding folate supplements to individuals at risk (a specifically targeted intervention for population at risk) may mitigate future development of migraine with aura.
The main strengths of our study are the use of validated diagnostic tool to identify migraine and the use of direct interviewing of all participants. Our study participants are also relatively homogenous (of Caucasian ethnicity, residing in the UK) thus reducing population stratification that can have a confounding effect. There are however certain weaknesses to our study. The study recruitment was designed to select depressed cases, which may have led to ascertainment bias. However migraine was systematically screened for in all participants and we have adjusted for depression status in our analysis. In addition our sample size did not allow for subgroup analysis of each headache type and therefore we are not able to report whether there is any association between this SNP and other types of primary headache disorders in addition to MA such as tension type headache.
The current study adds to the growing evidence for the role MTHFR C677T gene variant in migraine with aura. Our meta-analysis showed a significant association between this genetic variant and MA in Caucasian population and overall migraine in non-Caucasian population, although the effect in this case is very likely to be due to MA than migraine in general. Heterogeneity of studies remains a significant cause of conflicting results and ethnic variations in genotype-phenotype association must be examined closely.
MA: migraine with aura; MO: migraine without aura; MTHFR: methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
ZS conceived the migraine study, designed the migraine interviews, collected data, analyzed data and wrote the 1st draft. With AM. ZS also performed literature search for meta-analysis. DG and SCW performed all DNA related lab experiments. NC, LJ, AK and MO are investigators on the depression case control study, designed the original study, were responsible for the study conduct and recruitment, supervision of study personnel and contributed to the manuscript. AM performed literature search for the mea-analysis and run the analysis for this part of the study, he also contributed to the manuscript writing. PM and AF are the depression case control study PIs and the supervisors of the 1st author; they guided the study with significant input into the design of the migraine study and selection of gene variant, they also contributed to the writing of the manuscript and provided the resources for the migraine study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Study Funding: Medical Research Council (MRC)
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Migraine Mediates the Influence of C677T MTHFR Genotypes on Ischemic Stroke Risk With a Stroke-Subtype Effect
Homocysteine and stroke: evidence on a causal link from mendelian randomisation
Nutrition and depression: focus on folate
Efficacy of Folic Acid in Children With Migraine, Hyperhomocysteinemia and MTHFR Polymorphisms
The Relationship Between Homocysteine and Genes of Folate-Related Enzymes in Migraine Patients
Role of the ACE ID and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility of migraine in a north Indian population
Influence of MTHFR Genotype on Contingent Negative Variation And MRI Abnormalities in Migraine
Metabolic and genetic risk factors for migraine in children
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Cloud Based ERP and Web-Based Software
The Cloud is everywhere. Almost every ERP vendor has announced some affiliation with or use of the cloud. In this article we describe how the cloud and web-based software work together to provide optimal ERP software solutions.
Cloud ERP software deployments
Deploying a software package to "the Cloud" can have several benefits. The two most obvious benefits are (1) scalability and (2) the ability to pay only for resources that you use.
Deploying on an external cloud also delivers benefits in the area of hardware outsourcing and pooling. An external cloud can shift capital expenses for organizations that prefer operational expenses from an accounting perspective.
So far, these facts are not new (they have been repeated in multiple publications).
Web-based ERP software deployments
When you utilize a web-based software solution, the benefits of the cloud increase exponentially. In addition to the savings that you achieve from the cloud, you eliminate client software to reduce deployment times and ongoing software maintenance. Web-based solutions also deliver centralized data that is always current and can be delivered to devices on any operating system.
In the case of ERP software, the benefits of web-based software greatly outweigh the benefits of a cloud deployment. Our previous article discusses the benefits of cloud, SaaS, and web-based software in more detail.
Vendor Caused Confusion
Many ERP software vendors are using "The Cloud" in marketing and sales pitches. This is good because it promotes technology and a new way of deploying applications that may benefit several organizations. This is bad because the Cloud means different things to different people.
The confusion has been introduced by vendors crediting the Cloud for advantages that are more accurately attributed to web-based software. As pointed out in an earlier article on cloud ERP versus hosted ERP, many vendors do not distinguish between web and cloud.
The Cloud without web-based Software
Several ERP vendors have announced cloud solutions that do not utilize web-based software. Infor, AccountMate, Sage, and others have delivered "cloud" software by deploying legacy software on a hosted virtual private server (VPS).
The best case scenario for this type of solution is one in which your ERP solution scales up and down during the course of a month – such as needing to add a server during a period of high usage. Unfortunately, this is a rare situation for most organizations. ERP systems experience resource peaks and valleys, but usually not to the degree which requires adding and removing server resources.
The other benefit delivered by "cloud" is case where an application requires only a small share of the resources on your casino online canada server. In this case a virtual private server can free up your hardware resources for other applications. Many IT departments deploy virtual servers to take advantage of this and reduce hardware costs. Most external cloud based ERP vendors deliver only the application, so the resource savings will only result in a slightly lower price or additional vendor profits.
The Cloud delivered from the ground up
Some companies developed new code to deliver a web-based cloud offerings. These include companies that started new product lines such as SAP ByDesign and Epicor as well as companies that started with web-based architectures such as NetSuite, Intacct, Plex, and Acumatica. These solutions provide the benefits of cloud with the addition of web-based benefits.
Why web-based is critical
Eliminating thick PC clients provides a huge savings both initially and with ongoing maintenance. Web-based software can deliver a rich user experience without client software so organizations can implement faster and pay less for maintenance. In addition, the web provides cross platform compatibility, simplified remote access, and the ability to add and remove users.
An ERP solution that is "on the cloud" by being hosted and accessed using a VPN or client software is benefiting from the cloud bandwagon but not achieving the true benefits of Cloud Based ERP. These benefits include remote access, ease of deployment, cross platform compatibility, and lower maintenance costs.


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I'm trying to create a custom query using SQL.
Having looked through the schema using SQLite I see there's a huge amount of tables and columns.
My question is: Where can I find a list of friendly names matched against their actual names in spiceworks_prod.db.
In other words, say I'm looking for "Installed Application" is there some kind of list where I can see that's it's found under tablename: X.
Apr 24, 2012 at 11:28 UTC
Found it ! It's not under the custom field tables at all it was under Devices "c_department".
This topic was created during version 5.3.
The latest version is 7.5.00101.
3 Replies
Apr 24, 2012 at 10:33 UTC
I'm not sure if there is one, but I have always had luck just browsing my database and looking at the entries under each table and column to get a handle on how data is stored and where.
Apr 24, 2012 at 10:56 UTC
What about Custom Fields? In each of my scanned Devices I have create a custom field called "Department" and added a department per computer.
Where might this be stored? I have found a table called Custom_field, and custom_field_values - but I don't see any column called "Department" nor do I see "HR" or "Marketing" or any of my custom fields.
Apr 24, 2012 at 11:28 UTC
Found it ! It's not under the custom field tables at all it was under Devices "c_department".
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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Rep. Greg Walden (R-Ore.) released the following statement on his vote against the government takeover of healthcare:
"This bill costs too much and puts too much government between people and their health care. This bill doesn't reign in junk lawsuits nor reduce premium costs. Real health care reform would make premiums more affordable, allow small businesses to group up, and make coverage more accessible, all without a government takeover or new taxes," Rep. Greg Walden said. "Speaker Pelosi wrote this bill behind closed doors and cut sweetheart deals to get votes."
The bill levies $569 billion in new taxes, spends $1.2 trillion, cuts over $500 billion from Medicare -- including $202 billion in cuts from Medicare Advantage -- threatening the health care coverage of 38,000 seniors in Oregon's Second Congressional District. According to the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office, four million Americans can expect to lose their current coverage because of this plan, and the White House's own economic formulas show that 5 million American jobs could be lost.
"Only in Washington, D.C. can they spend $1 trillion, cut Medicare by $500 billion, and claim they're going to reduce the deficit," Rep. Greg Walden said.
Federal government programs don't have a good history of coming in under budget: Medicare Part A ran 700 percent over budget, and Medicare Part B a whopping 4300 percent over.
In order to help pay for this new government entitlement, the bill launches a government takeover of student higher education loans that will eliminate the 2,000 choices students have today from which to borrow and threaten 31,000 private sector jobs that work in that industry.
"Finally, I bet taxpayers would be surprised to learn that the IRS will be charged with enforcing the mandate to purchase health insurance," Rep. Greg Walden said. "The IRS will need up to $10 billion and 16,500 additional auditors, agents, and other employees to investigate and collect billions in new taxes from Americans."
"They should have scrapped this flawed bill and started over on a bipartisan plan that makes the reforms we need without jeopardizing the quality care millions of Americans depend on today," Rep. Greg Walden said.
Representative Greg Walden is the House Republican Leadership Chairman and represents Oregon's Second Congressional District, which is comprised of 20 counties in eastern, southern, and central Oregon.
Source: http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/or02_walden/03_21_health_care.shtml


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Meet Jake Cruise. He's an older man who has figured out a way to get a never-ending stream of hot guys to play with and suck. How'd he do it, you ask? Simple - he started his own amateur website and he gets to lick, suck and play with all the dick he can handle! Any time Jake is in the mood for a different kind of guy, he's got it covered. He goes through his modeling applications or puts out an ad and voila!
This is a pic of him with Sonny, a rough tattooed stud Jake couldn't wait to get his hands on. In fact, looks like he got more than his hands on this one!


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Must be admitted to University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire as an incoming international student.
Amount varies (typical award is $1,000-$5,000), renewable
Scholarship application requirements: Admitted students are invited to apply for scholarships provided by the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire.
These scholarships are awarded based on academic achievements, school and community activities, leadership, and the information requested on the scholarship application.
Most are not based on financial need. Scholarship applications received after the deadlines will only be considered if additional money becomes available.
Scholarship application:
Please submit the following items to complete your application:
Essay questions:
Answer each question in an essay of approximately 300 words:
For any questions about incoming student scholarships or cannot access the scholarship application contact: admissions[at]uwec.edu
Submit your application by mailing it to:
Admissions Office,
University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire,
105 Garfield Avenue,
Eau Claire, WI 54701,
Fax: +1-715-836-2409
(use appropriate international access code).
Emailing: intladm[at]uwec.edu
For more information and application, see: International Student Scholarship Website


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Latte Rice Krispies Treats
READY IN: 15mins
Recipe by Marg CaymanDesigns
Add an adult twist to a childhood favorite!
Top Review by mspebblesflinstone
Yummy! I did add an extra Tbsp of Instant Coffee, and 1tsp of Vanilla. I love coffee! Next time I may add coco powder for a mocha! ... lol ;o)
See Discussion:10 Reviews
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 tablespoons butter
- 1 tablespoon instant coffee
- 1⁄2 teaspoon vanilla
- 1 (10 ounce) package marshmallows
- 6 cups crisp rice cereal
- 1⁄4 cup white chocolate chips or 1⁄4 cup candy coating, melted
Directions See How It's Made
- Melt butter in large saucepan on low heat.
- Add instant coffee and vanilla, stir well.
- Add marshmallows; cook until marshmallows are completely melted and mixture is well blended, stirring constantly.
- Remove from heat.
- Add cereal; mix well.
- Press firmly into greased 13x9-inch pan.
- Cool completely.
- Cut into approximately 26 1x4.5-inch bars.
- Melt white chocolate chips and drizzle over bars. Allow to chocolate to cool and harden.


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TAC E-Newsletter
22 April 2003
International Solidarity Actions and TAC Civil Disobedience on 24 April 2003
Article in this morning's Sowetan by ANC Youth League attacking TAC
International Solidarity Actions and TAC Civil Disobedience on 24 April 2003
It is over a year since the South African Cabinet announced a change in its HIV/AIDS policy. One year later government still does not have a treatment and prevention plan and it still does not provide antiretroviral treatment to those who need it. Meanwhile,
more than 600 people die daily in South Africa of HIV/AIDS
. In the last three weeks, TAC has buried seven of its members. Just this weekend, the funerals for TAC leaders Charlene Wilson and Edward Mabunda were held in Gauteng.
On 24 April 2003, people around the world will demonstrate and picket at South African embassies and consulates, meet with South African officials, hold press conferences, coordinate letter-writing and petition drives and engage in other actions in support of TAC's demand for a comprehensive treatment and prevention plan.
In South Africa, TAC volunteers will continue their civil disobedience campaign. In Pretoria and Cape Town, volunteers who are prepared to get arrested will occupy the Departments of Health and Trade and Industry respectively.
In Japan, 600 paper cranes, symbolizing daily AIDS deaths in South Africa, will be delivered by demonstrators at the South African Embassy. In the Netherlands, marchers will deliver 600 red tulips and participate in a 'die in' at the embassy, while in Los Angelas, Washington DC, London and Milan, 600 pairs of shoes will represent the daily AIDS deaths. Doctors in Kenya will hold a press conference and AIDS activists from all over Latin America have issued a united statement. In addition, solidarity actions are also planned in Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Ivory Coast, Venezuela, Jamaica and the Caribbean region, Namibia, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Uganda - and the list continues to grow.
The common theme for these international actions is support for the Treatment Action Campaign's demands that the government make a commitment to a public sector antiretroviral provision programme and return to negotiations at NEDLAC and commit to signing a Framework Agreement on a National HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment Plan.
Freedom Day is just a few days away. South Africa is an immeasurably better place than it was before 1994. We have a Constitutional Democracy and representative government, but millions of South Africans are in desperate need of the basic necessities, such as health, nutrition and decent education, that make freedom from want possible. The actions on 24 April call on South Africa's democratically elected government to address the urgent health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS, their families and friends. We call on government to build a better health-care system by implementing an HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention plan immediately.
For a full and updated list of international efforts, please go to
Events in South Africa
Pretoria: Occupation of Department of Health starting at 12pm (Contact Pholokgolo, Lefa or Fanayi on 011 339 8421 or 011 403 2293)
Cape Town: Occupation of Department of Trade and Industry starting at 12pm (Contact Thembeka, Nomfundo or Nondumisa on 021 364 5489)
Nelspruit: Picket outside Government Complex from 11am to 1pm (Contact Thembane on 083 684 1038)
East London: March at 8am starting opposite Mdantsane taxi-rank followed by demonstration on Mdantsane Highway from 10am (Contact Ivy or Portia on 043 760 0050)
Durban: Picket in Gugu Dlamini Park from 10am to 3pm (Contact Makhosini, S'fiso or Thabo on 031 304 3673)
A sample letter than can be sent to the South African government is provided below:
Mr J Zuma (Deputy-President, South Africa)
Dr ME Tshabalala-Msimang (Minister of Health, South Africa)
Mr A Erwin (Minister of Trade and Industry, South Africa
Dr NC Dlamini Zuma (Minister of Foreign Affairs, South Africa)
120 Plein Street
24 April 2003
Fax: +27 21 464 2271
Dear Mr Zuma, Dr Tshabalala-Msimang, Mr Erwin and Dr Dlamini Zuma
We are deeply concerned that the South African government has not
adopted or implemented an HIV/AIDS treatment plan. Over 600 South
Africans die a day on average of HIV/AIDS. Most of them die because
they cannot afford to buy life-saving medicines. We appeal to you
agree to the demands of the Treatment Action Campaign to sign the
NEDLAC Framework Agreement for an HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prevention
Plan and to make an irrevocable commitment to providing
antiretroviral therapy in the public sector. If South Africa does
this, it will demonstrate that wide-scale treatment can be made
available in the developing world and that there is no reason why the
international community cannot unite to make life-saving treatment
available to poor people everywhere.
South Africa's transition to democracy has been remarkable. Its
Constitution and democratic structures have set a magnificent example
for the whole world. But the South African Government's negligent
response to the HIV epidemic is damaging its international
reputation. We appeal to you: For the sake of millions of lives give
meaning to the Constitutional rights to life, dignity and health-care
by implementing an HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention plan. South
Africa's Freedom Day is in a few days time. This marks the first
democratic election in South Africa. Please use this day as an
opportunity to give hope to millions of people by announcing the
rollout of an antiretroviral treatment programme.
Your name, organisation, full address
CC: Local Consulate-General/Ambassador
CC: Local Media &
Article in this morning's Sowetan by ANC Youth League attacking TAC
Dear Subscribers
The following article was published in
The Sowetan
by the ANC Youth League today. Subscribers should be aware that since South Africa became democratic, the ANC Youth League has not represented youth. Instead it has been a mouthpiece of irrationality inside the ANC. TAC will respond to this piece in
The Sowetan.
Zackie Achmat
The article is reproduced below - unchanged, unedited, uncorrected. [Ed.]
Pagad and TAC two sides of the same coin
Sowetan, 22. Apr. 2003
Treatment Action Campaign activists are nothing less than paid marketing agents for toxic AIDS drugs from America, says
Khulekani Ntshangase
, ANC Youth League spokesman
Prior to the 1999 elections, South Africa was reported to be the crime capital of the world where people were "raped every six seconds? and killed every 27th minute". The local media fell into that trap and even the foreign media was advising people not to visit this country.
No matter how much the Government explained the issue of crime statistics, no one paid attention. We were told that youth were all criminals and that they were not going to vote.
This led to the formation of the most brutal form of mafia posing as vigilantes - People Against Drugs and Gangsterism (Pagad). Pagad's roll was to serve as the pressure group, and it had all the money in the world required to run its operations.
Central to their message and that of the media was: there is high rate of crime in this country as result, people will not vote. Many lives were lost in the process of this group's work.
But in the end Pagad was tamed and its leaders were sent to jail. Some are still facing charges related to their wrong doings - this thanks to our Government's swift response to the threat posed by Pagad. The Government busted Pagad despite SABC and Sanef's quest to hide the crucial evidence required by the prosecution team to lock away those involved in murdering other people.
Today, South Africa is the "HIV and Aids capital of the world". We are told that the biggest killer in this country is HIV and Aids.
But every honest person knows that the overwhelming majority of our people die from accidents and violence. The second biggest killer is TB pushing HIV/Aids into the third place.
The Government has consistently explained this and yet some sections of the media and those in business use all means possible to divert the attention.
Just like in 1999, the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) is being used to discredit the government. Both Pagad and TAC come from Cape Town and are formed for the single mission, to mobilize people against the African National Congress Government.
TAC commands the backing of the media; just like Pagad whose leaders were only known by certain journalists who continued to give them exclusive interviews whilst on the other hand justice was busy looking for them in vain.
When approached, they said: "No, you are tempering with freedom of press and protection of sources."
Pagad was rightwing fundamentalist whilst TAC is led by the ultra-left fanatics which make the two the same because ultra-left and ultra-right use the same vocabulary in their attack for progressive leaders of the revolution. They also get funding from the same source and employ the same strategy and tactic.
The TAC claims that it has the support of the majority in this country and that these "masses" will not vote next year unless the government is prepared to distribute "highly toxic" drugs willy-nilly without considering side effects.
Remember that is exactly what Pagad said about 1999 elections.
Same vocabulary and same tactic!
Is it true that the Government is doing nothing about HIV and Aids? The answer is known by all, even those that are in the forefront of TAC hurling insults and shouting lies and malice are aware. They participated in the drafting of the Government's comprehensive HIV-Aids strategy.
Perhaps we need to talk a little bit about TAC! This is just a harmless but very loud pressure group whose salaries are paid by Americans. This is a conglomeration of drug-dealers who serve as marketing agents of toxic drugs which are not even used where they come from, America.
This group claims to be led by ANC members; even one of them was lobbying to become a member of the national executive committee. What a joke!
But are they real ANC members? Certainly not! Any ANC member should know policies of the movement and those of the Government. It is even worse when you talk about people who pose as leaders.
But why can't they just leave the ANC and join the Democratic Alliance (DA)? Their masters know very well that the best way to confuse the public is by claiming to be a member of the ANC.
Of course some of them have membership ANC cards, but that does not make them ANC members. It is not every membership cardholder that is a member of the movement as much as it is not every non-membership cardholder that is not ANC.
Should our revolutionary Government bow to the pressure of activists and convert the Health Department into HIV/Aids Department? It can't
As much as HIV/Aids is very important, the country cannot behave as though there are no other health related problems.
Pagad was destroyed so will be TAC!
But how? The Government should investigate ways of arresting people such as those who campaign for the poisoning of our people. Those that mislead innocent people and those that have no respect for the poor and underdeveloped majority.
But our negotiated democracy may not agree. What does the Government do then? It must continue to work hard to create a better life for all. The Government must further help its youth to cease opportunities created by this democracy. This will include skills development, job create and entrepreneurship development.
This is enough ammunition to ensure that the shadow of death created by TAC is completely and speedily curbed.
But why does the workers' movement participate in the killing of its membership and the entire community?
Is it because trade union leaders do not understand the danger posed by pharmaceutical companies and TAC or they don't care for their membership?
I don't know, but I think we are dealing with the phenomenon created by the new experience which believes in popularism.


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- Description
The perfect introduction to H\E.
- Includes H\E Lip Balm, H\E Facial Brush and H\E Wash Glove
- Masculine navy travel bag with magnetic clasps
- Add your shade of H\E Dry Sunscreen for complete coverage
- Great for travel
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