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Predictive Analytics White Paper
- Gwenda Fisher
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1 Predictive Analytics White Paper Charles Nyce, PhD, CPCU, API Senior Director of Knowledge Resources American Institute for CPCU/ Insurance Institute of America
3 White Paper Charles Nyce, PhD, CPCU, API Senior Director of Knowledge Resources American Institute for CPCU Insurance Institute of America 720 Providence Road Suite 100 Malvern, PA Phone (610) , ext Fax (610)
4 2007 American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters/Insurance Institute of America All rights reserved. This paper or any part thereof may not be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright holder. Unless otherwise apparent, examples used in AICPCU/IIA materials related to this paper are based on hypothetical situations and are for educational purposes only. The characters, persons, products, services, and organizations described in these examples are fictional. Any similarity or resemblance to any other character, person, product, services, or organization is merely coincidental. AICPCU/IIA is not responsible for such coincidental or accidental resemblances. This material may contain Internet Web site links external to AICPCU/IIA. AICPCU/IIA neither approves nor endorses any information, products, or services to which any external Web sites refer. Nor does AICPCU/IIA control these Web sites content or the procedures for Web site content development. AICPCU/IIA specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. AICPCU/IIA materials related to this paper are provided with the understanding that AICPCU/IIA is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. Nor is AICPCU/IIA explicitly or implicitly stating that any of the processes, procedures, or policies described in the materials are the only appropriate ones to use. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. ii
5 Contents Introduction... 1 Overview of Predictive Analytics... 1 Drivers of Insurers Use of Predictive Analytics... 2 Technological Advances...2 Data Availability...2 Insurers Desire for Growth In Slow-growth Markets...2 Insurers Search for Competitive Advantage...3 Insurers Use of Predictive Analytics... 4 Marketing...4 Hit Ratio...4 Retention Ratio...5 Underwriting...5 Claims...5 Identifying Potentially Fraudulent Claims...5 Prioritizing Claims...7 The Predictive Analytic Process... 7 Data Mining...9 Model Development...9 Regression Models...9 Advanced Models...11 Model Validation...11 Predictive Analytics Advantages for Insurers Predictive Analytics Disadvantages for Insurers Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Widespread Insurer. Use of Predictive Analytic Techniques iii
7 Foreword The American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters and the Insurance Institute of America (the Institutes) are independent, not-for-profit organizations committed to expanding the knowledge of professionals in risk management, insurance, financial services, and related fields through education and research. In accordance with our belief that professionalism is grounded in education, experience, and ethical behavior, the Institutes provide a wide range of educational programs designed to meet the needs of individuals working in risk management and property-casualty insurance. The American Institute offers the Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter (CPCU ) professional designation, designed to provide a broad understanding of the propertycasualty insurance industry. CPCU students may select either a commercial or a personal risk management and insurance focus, depending on their professional needs. The Insurance Institute of America (IIA) offers designations and certificate programs in a variety of disciplines, including the following: Claims Commercial underwriting Fidelity and surety bonding General insurance Insurance accounting and finance Insurance information technology Insurance production and agency management Insurance regulation and compliance Management Marine insurance Personal insurance Premium auditing Quality insurance services Reinsurance Risk management Surplus lines You may choose to take a single course to fill a knowledge gap, complete a program leading to a designation, or take multiple courses and programs throughout your career. No matter which approach you choose, you will gain practical knowledge and skills that will contribute to your professional growth and enhance your education and qualifications in the expanding insurance market. In addition, many CPCU and IIA courses qualify for credits toward certain associate, bachelor s, and master s degrees at several prestigious colleges and universities, and all CPCU and IIA courses carry college credit recommendations from the American Council on Education.
8 The American Institute for CPCU was founded in 1942 through a collaborative effort between industry professionals and academics, led by faculty members at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1953, the American Institute for CPCU merged with the Insurance Institute of America, which was founded in 1909 and which remains the oldest continuously functioning national organization offering educational programs for the property-casualty insurance business. The Insurance Research Council (IRC), founded in 1977, helps the Institutes fulfill the research aspect of their mission. A division of the Institutes, the IRC is supported by industry members. This not-for-profit research organization examines public policy issues of interest to property-casualty insurers, insurance customers, and the general public. IRC research reports are distributed widely to insurance-related organizations, public policy authorities, and the media. The Institutes strive to provide current, relevant educational programs in formats and delivery methods that meet the needs of insurance professionals and the organizations that employ them. Institute textbooks are an essential component of the education we provide. Each book is designed to clearly and concisely provide the practical knowledge and skills you need to enhance your job performance and career. The content is developed by the Institutes in collaboration with risk management and insurance professionals and members of the academic community. We welcome comments from our students and course leaders; your feedback helps us continue to improve the quality of our study materials. Peter L. Miller, CPCU President and CEO American Institute for CPCU Insurance Institute of America vi
9 INTRODUCTION While accurately forecasting factors such as operations, budgets, supplies, or product demand is crucial to any organization s success, insurance organizations are particularly reliant on predicting future activities. An insurer s ability to forecast a policy s ultimate cost determines how accurately it prices its product and, in turn, the extent to which it can avoid adverse selection. Insurance has always relied on forecasting. Initially, insurers simply guessed appropriate premiums. Subsequently, they determined premiums by analyzing a single factor, such as the age of an insured building or the piloting history of an insured ship s captain (univariate analysis). As insurance operations became more technologically advanced, multiple factors such as the age of the insured building, its type of construction, its usage, and so forth (multivariate analysis) were used to determine an appropriate premium. Today, insurers use techniques known as predictive analytics to determine additional information such as credit scores or local economic conditions that may be relevant or correlated with a potential insurance outcome. The use of predictive analytics has quickly become an insurance industry best practice. Insurers use predictive analytic techniques to target potential clients, to determine more accurate pricing, and to identify potentially fraudulent claims. This white paper discusses the foundations of predictive analytics, the drivers of its growth, its uses in the insurance industry, the implications of its widespread use, and some of its technical aspects. OVERVIEW OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS Predictive analytics is a broad term describing a variety of statistical and analytical techniques used to develop models that predict future events or behaviors. The form of these predictive models varies, depending on the behavior or event that they are predicting. Most predictive models generate a score (a credit score, for example), with a higher score indicating a higher likelihood of the given behavior or event occurring. Predictive Models: Credit Score The most prevalent examples of predictive models are those used by the three credit bureaus (Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion) to develop credit scores for individuals. Each credit bureau uses a variety of information about an individual (income, credit history, outstanding loan balances, and so forth) to develop a credit score that predicts the likelihood that he or she will repay current and future debts. The higher the credit score, the more likely the individual is to pay his/her debt. Data mining is a component of predictive analytics that entails analysis of data to identify trends, patterns, or relationships among the data. This information can then be used to develop a predictive model. Predictive analytics, along with most predictive models and data mining techniques, rely on increasingly sophisticated statistical methods, including multivariate analysis techniques such as advanced regression or time-series models. Such techniques enable organizations to determine trends and relationships that may not be readily apparent, but still enable it to better predict future events or behaviors.
10 DRIVERS OF INSURERS USE OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS Though businesses have employed predictive analytics techniques for many years, several drivers have increased their prevalence throughout the insurance industry. These drivers include the following: Technological advances Data availability Insurers desire for growth in slow markets Insurers search for competitive advantage Insurance Industry Drivers of Predictive Analytics Technological Advances The statistical techniques used in predictive analytics are computationally intensive. Depending on the amount of data they use, some require performing thousands or millions of calculations. Advances in computer hardware and software design have yielded software packages that quickly perform such calculations, allowing insurers to efficiently analyze the data that produce and validate their predictive models. Data Availability The validity of any predictive model depends on the quality and quantity of data available to develop it. While most insurers today have a sufficient amount of data (quantity) to develop their predictive models, many store policyholder information on legacy systems that may not be compatible with systems running predictive analytics software. Converting data on these legacy systems to a usable format can be time consuming and costly. In addition to the insurers proprietary data, there are numerous third party sources of data that insurers can use to develop predictive models. These sources include rating bureaus, regulators, advisory organizations, rating agencies, predictive modeling companies, and other data gathering organizations. Insurers Desire for Growth in Slow-Growth Markets Although the property-casualty insurance industry generates more than $400 billion in premiums annually, premiums have grown at a rate of less than 5 percent per year over the last ten years. 1 In many lines of insurance, including personal lines (where predictive analytics are used most frequently), the growth rate has been substantially lower. This slow growth rate has driven insurers to look for other ways to expand their market share. Insurers can use predictive analytics to develop more accurate pricing and to improve how they target their services. Thus, insurers that use predictive analytics can claim market share from their less efficient competitors. 1 Source: Author s calculations, Insurance Information Institute Web site,
11 Insurers Search for Competitive Advantage The final driver of the use of predictive analytics, insurers search for competitive advantage, is related to insurers desire for growth because their desire for market share leads them to seek advantages over their competitors. The use of predictive analytics may provide insurers with information about applicants that their competitors do not possess. If an insurer s predictive model s rating or score for applicants accurately forecasts behavior, the insurer can more efficiently define the target market, more accurately develop pricing, and more efficiently handle claims, all of which provide it with a competitive advantage over competitors who do not use predictive analytics. As more insurers use predictive analytics, those not doing so will be increasingly exposed to adverse selection because their market will be limited to a subsection of the general population that has worsethan-average loss ratios. Adverse Selection Consumers with the greatest probability of loss are those most likely to purchase insurance. This phenomenon is known as adverse selection. Appropriate insurance pricing requires that the insurer gather information about the applicant sufficient to adequately assess and price a particular policy. Although much information about an applicant is available from the applicant and other sources, it can be expensive for insurers to collect. After taking into account all of the information that can be collected cost-effectively, a portion of the information about the applicant remains unknown to the insurer. In economic terms, this is called information asymmetry and it occurs when one party has information that is relevant to the transaction (the applicant) that the other party (the insurer) does not have. Although this information is important to insurers and would enable them to appropriately price their insurance products, the benefits to the insurer of appropriate pricing do not outweigh the costs of obtaining the additional information. When an insurer charges an average rate because it cannot differentiate between a low risk and a high risk, high-risk individuals have an incentive to buy the insurance because the premium is too low. Conversely, low-risk individuals do not want to buy the insurance because the premium is too high. This results in adverse selection. Therefore, despite offering the average rate, the group of people the insurer has insured is not an average group it is worse than average because of adverse selection. This group of insureds would tend to have more accidents and higher claims than the average group because they are poor risks. Avoiding adverse selection is one of the main functions of underwriting.
12 INSURERS USE OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS The following discussion of applications of predictive analytics focuses on the three core insurer functions marketing, underwriting, and claims. While policy pricing may be considered an actuarial function, it is included in the discussion of underwriting. Marketing Underwriting Claims Insurance Industry Use of Predictive Analytics Property-casualty insurers can use predictive analytics to analyze the purchasing patterns of insurance customers. This information can be used to increase the marketing function s hit ratio and retention ratio. Insurers can use predictive analytics to filter out applicants who do not meet a pre-determined model score. This type of screening can greatly increase an insurer s efficiency by reducing the employee hours it may have spent researching and analyzing an applicant who ultimately is not a desired insured. If an applicant s model score is sufficient for consideration, then the model score can be used as a rating mechanism on which the insurer can base a variety of price/product points. Insurers can use predictive analytics to help identify potentially fraudulent claims. It also can be used to score claims based on the likely size of the settlement, enabling an insurer to more efficiently allocate resources to higher priority claims. Marketing Insurance marketing has often relied on referrals and other traditional marketing approaches. Predictive modeling in insurance marketing represents a revolutionary approach to what has commonly been perceived as a relationship-based business. Predictive analytics is used in the marketing of many products and services. Financial services organizations use predictive analytics to identify potential customers for mortgages, annuities, loans, and investments. Property-casualty insurers can use predictive analytics to analyze the purchasing patterns of insurance customers. This information can be used to increase the marketing function s hit ratio and retention ratio. Hit Ratio Hit ratio is a measure of how often the marketing function generates a sale for each contact made with a potential customer. If an agent makes one sale for every ten potential clients, his or her hit ratio is one in ten (10 percent). Predictive analytics used to analyze purchasing patterns may allow the agent to focus on customers more likely to buy, thereby increasing his or her hit ratio. For example, if predictive analytics identifies the two customers out of every ten
13 potential customers who are least likely to purchase a policy, the elimination of those potential customers from an agent s sales agenda will raise his or her hit ratio to one in eight (12.5 percent). Retention Ratio Similarly, an insurer can use predictive analytics to attempt to retain the business of customers who are more likely to purchase insurance from another provider. If it succeeds, the insurer will increase its retention ratio, which is a measure of how many insureds renew policies relative to the total number of insureds. For example, if nine out of ten insureds renew their insurance policies, the insured s retention ratio is 90 percent. Underwriting The use of predictive analytics in underwriting is more evolutionary than revolutionary. Underwriting has always attempted to accurately predict future losses and price the products that protect against those losses. Predictive analytics represents the next generation of underwriting tools available to achieve those goals. Predictive models can be used in expert underwriting systems to remove the human error factor from the underwriting process by streamlining the normal underwriting cases and only referring the exceptions to the human underwriters. Insurers can use predictive analytics to filter out applicants who do not meet a pre-determined model score. This type of screening can greatly increase an insurer s efficiency by reducing the employee hours it may have spent researching and analyzing an applicant who ultimately is not a desired insured. If an applicant s model score is sufficient for consideration, than the model score can be used as a rating mechanism on which the insurer can base a variety of price/ product points. Claims Predictive analytics is more of a revolutionary concept in claims handling than it is in underwriting. Insurers can use predictive analytics to help identify potentially fraudulent claims. It also can be used to score claims based on the likely size of the settlement, enabling an insurer to more efficiently allocate resources to higher priority claims. Identifying Potentially Fraudulent Claims Insurers have struggled for years to develop methods to identify potentially fraudulent claims. While the Insurance Information Institute estimates that insurance fraud costs property-casualty insurers over $30 billion annually, it is difficult to estimate the actual percentage of all claims that are fraudulent. Fraud can take many forms, from staged accidents to the padding or building up of claims (inflating the value of the claim) for accidents that have already occurred. The
14 Insurance Research Council s study, Fraud and Buildup in Auto Injury Insurance Claims: 2004 Edition, estimates that nearly one in five auto injury insurance claims may have the appearance of fraud, illustrated as follows: Percentage of Auto Injury Insurance Claims With the Appearance of Fraud or Buildup 9% 18% 5% 12% 4% BI PIP MP UM UIM Claims with the appearance of fraud Property-casualty insurers traditionally have had difficulty identifying the relatively small number of fraudulent claims (the needle) made among the millions of claims filed every year (the haystack). Predictive analytics can help insurers more accurately determine claims that need additional review for fraud by increasing the likelihood of discovering fraudulent claims and helping it to refine the claims marked for review. This is known as limiting the occurrence of type I and type II errors. A type I error occurs when a legitimate claim is identified as possibly fraudulent. A type II error is the failure to identify a fraudulent claim and paying it as if it were legitimate, illustrated as follows: 9% 8% 14% Claims with the appearance of both fraud and buildup are included in each group. All Claims 7% 16% Claims with the appearance of buildup Fraudulent Claims Correctly Identified Claims Identified as Fraudulent Fraudulent Claims Type I Errors Type II Errors
15 Both types of errors can be costly. Identifying legitimate claims as fraudulent may anger policyholders and result in litigation or accusations of bad faith in claims practices. Failing to identify fraudulent claims results in higher claims costs and therefore higher premiums for all insureds. Any tools that can aid in the accurate identification of fraudulent claims reduces both types of errors and significantly improves the claims process. Prioritizing Claims A second use of predictive analytics in the claims process is the prioritizing of claims for handling. Predictive analytics can help identify claims at an early stage that are likely to be settled for higher values. These higher-value claims can then be identified as high-priority claims. More accurately identifying highpriority claims helps the claims function operate more efficiently. High-priority claims can then be handled internally, while the handling of lower-priority claims can be outsourced. THE PREDICTIVE ANALYTIC PROCESS When using predictive analytics, an insurer starts by aggregating and cleansing its data for use in the analytics software. Cleansing entails scouring records to identify those with missing or incomplete data. Records with missing or incomplete data can have an impact on the accuracy of the predictive model. These records must be completed and/or corrected so that the ultimate predictive model is as accurate as possible. For example, an insurer developing a predictive model for auto insurance claims would start with its own marketing, underwriting, and claims records for auto policies it has sold. Some of the records may have missing information, such as the age, sex, or marital status of the insured, or may not contain the complete details of the claim (such as not noting whether a police report was filed or subrogation efforts were made). For some insurers, determining this missing information may involve a long and costly process, Multiple legacy systems that may have accumulated through an insurer s mergers and acquisitions add to the difficulty of converting the data to a usable format. Once the data have been aggregated and cleansed, sound statistical practices dictate that they be divided into an in-sample group that will be used to develop the predictive model and an out-of-sample group that will be used to test the model.
16 The Predictive Analytic Process Marketing Records Data Cleansing and Organizing Predictive Model Development Underwriting Records Data Mining Claims Records External Data Predictive Model
17 Data Mining Data mining is the analysis of data to identify underlying trends, patterns, or relationships. It is a necessary first step in predictive analytics, because the data that the mining process identifies as relevant can then be used to develop the predictive model. One can think of data mining as gathering knowledge about relationships, and the resulting predictive analytics model as applying that knowledge. One distinct advantage to data mining is that it catalogs all relationships (or correlations) that may be found among the data, regardless of what causes that relationship. For example, data mining may discern a relationship between age and gray hair, or age and number of auto accidents, but it does not imply that age causes gray hair or auto accidents. Model Development Predictive models can assume many shapes and sizes, depending on their complexity and the application for which they are designed. This section introduces some of the statistical methods that may be used to develop a predictive model. Unlike data mining, many of the statistical procedures that are employed in predictive models search for one specific relationship. This may require, for example, specifying during model development that age does cause gray hair or that age may reduce the likelihood of auto accidents (at least up to certain ages). Regression Models Linear Regression Partial and Stepwise Regressions Logit or Probit Regressions Regression Splines Regression Predictive Models and Their Uses Can be adapted to a wide variety of data types, including time series, cross sectional, pooled, or panel data Measures how one independent variable and the dependent variable are related after determining the effect of all the other independent variables in the model Allow one to predict a discrete outcome (yes or no) from a set of variables that may be continuous, discrete and/or dichotomous Allow different regression models to model data over different regions of the dependent variable Regression modeling mathematically describes the relationship between the dependent variable (in predictive models, the variable to be predicted) and independent, explanatory variables given sample data. Regression implies some causation, unlike correlation since modelers must specify a relationship beforehand and then test how well the regression model fits or models the specified relationship. For example, suppose a regression model was designed to examine the relationship between an insured s auto physical damage loss ratio and a few independent variables such as age, type of car driven, and driving history. The model may show a negative relationship between age and loss ratio. In other words, younger drivers have more losses than older drivers. In this case, it s safe to assume that being younger causes more losses, not that more losses causes drivers to be younger.
18 Regression Basics Ideally, to explain relationships between variables (such as age and losses in auto), insurers would examine the entire population (in this case, the entire population of drivers). However, insurers can only draw data from a sample of the population (such as only the drivers they insure), so they must do the following: 1. Build the best model they can to determine the true relationship between variables. 2. Analyze confidence in the model (mathematical description of its accuracy). Predictive models may use a variety of regression models. The most basic regression models are linear regression models such as ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Some of the most complex regression models are multivariate adaptive regression splines called MARSplines. Regression Techniques Used in Predictive Models Linear Regression In a linear regression model, the dependent variable (the variable the model is attempting to predict or explain) is a linear function of several explanatory variables. The most common linear regression models are OLS regressions. Linear regression models can be adapted to a wide variety of data types such as time series, cross sectional, pooled, or panel data. Partial or Stepwise Regressions Partial (or stepwise) regression is a regression procedure in which the modeler does not need to specify all of the explanatory variables beforehand, but instead allows the regression procedure to iteratively add variables to the model based on the partial correlation of that variable. For example, after accounting for the age of the driver, how much does car type affect the probability of a car accident? Partial correlation measures how one independent variable and the dependent variable are related after determining the effect of all the other independent variables in the model. Logit or Probit Regressions Logit and probit are two examples of a larger class of generalized linear models. This broad class of models includes ordinary regression and ANOVA (analysis of variance), as well as multivariate statistics such as ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) and loglinear regression. Logit and probit regressions allow one to predict a discrete outcome (for example, group membership or a fraudulent claim) from a set of variables that may be continuous, discrete and/or dichotomous. Generally, the dependent or response variable is dichotomous (for example, will/will not or success/failure). Regression Splines Regression splines allow different regression models to model data over different regions of the dependent variable. For example, assume that for all drivers the probability of auto accidents ranges from.001 percent to 45 percent for a given year. Perhaps the variables that best model the probabilities between.001 percent and 5 percent are age, type of vehicle, and location, while the probabilities between 5 percent and 45 percent are best modeled by type of vehicle, location, number of moving violations and gender. Regression splines allow the model to be created piecewise over various portions of the dependent variable s distribution. 10
19 Advanced Models In addition to regression models, more advanced models such as neural networks may be used to create predictive models. Neural networks are nonlinear statistical modeling tools. In general, neural networks can handle many more variables than the regression techniques discussed previously and also address some of the other limitations associated with regression techniques such as statistical concerns regarding dimensionality. Model Validation To ensure that a predictive model is as accurate as possible, it must be validated through out-of-sample testing. Out-of-sample testing divides data into in-sample data (the data used to develop the model) and out-of-sample data (the model testing window), which includes only data not used. For example, suppose an insurer has twenty-four months worth of data on the frequency of homeowners claims. To properly construct and validate a predictive model using the data, the modeler may choose use the first eighteen months worth of data. Once the model has been developed, data from the final six months could then be used to validate it. Sound statistical practices dictate that multiple in-sample and out-of-sample data windows be used to develop and validate a predictive model. In the homeowners claim example, the predictive model would not have been properly validated if a major catastrophe had occurred during the six-month out-ofsample testing window. Using multiple out-of-sample testing windows would minimize the influence of such a single event. PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS ADVANTAGES FOR INSURERS If knowledge is power, then the advantages of predictive analytics are clear. Predictive analytic techniques allow insurers to better understand their data and how to use it to predict future events. Proper implementation of predictive analytic techniques can improve an insurer s consistency and efficiency in marketing, underwriting, and claims services by helping to define target markets, increasing the number of policy price points, and reducing claims fraud. Predictive Analytic Techniques Advantages for Insurers Helps marketing department more precisely identify potential policy sales through analysis of customer purchasing patterns Reduces the employee hours underwriters may have spent researching and analyzing an applicant who ultimately is not a desired insured Provides predictive modeling scores for applicants that can be used as a rating mechanism for determining a variety of policy price/product points Helps identify potentially fraudulent claims Scores claims based on the likely size of the settlement, enabling an insurer to more efficiently allocate resources to higher priority claims 11
20 PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS DISADVANTAGES FOR INSURERS While nearly all insurers will find that the benefits of predictive analytics outweigh its costs, the techniques entail disadvantages, including the following: Inherent inaccuracy of the predictive model Cost of implementing predictive analytic techniques Resistance to change within the organization Need for clean, accurate data A model s potential for inaccuracy is an important consideration for insurers relying on predictive modeling. First, by definition, even a correctly specified model cannot always be 100-percent accurate. An error term represents the portion of the model that is unexplained. This error term can be substantial even in wellspecified models and can result in significant variation between predictions and actual outcomes. Errors in predictive models may also be caused by errors in model specification. A model may include factors that are not significant predictors or factors that may be significant predictors may be excluded, or unobserved. The final source of error in a predictive model stems from the model s assumption that significant parameters will remain stable from its development period through the period that it may be used. Significant changes in parameters may invalidate a model. For example, a significant economic downturn may substantially change the number of fraudulent claims insurers receive. If the development period on which a model designed to predict fraudulent claim frequency is based does not include any economic downturns, it may not properly reflect the expected frequency of fraudulent claims during that period. Together, these three sources of model errors may be significant. In addition to a predictive model s inaccuracy, an insurer s use of predictive analytics entails additional disadvantages, many of which are associated with the operational changes that using predictive analysis techniques require. First, an insurer may find that investing in the hardware and software necessary to facilitate predictive modeling constitutes a costly investment. Poor record keeping and multiple legacy systems often indicate that the insurer does not have the clean, accurate data necessary to support a successful predictive modeling platform, which creates the need for further investment. Finally, as with any substantial change in operations, an insurer may encounter resistance from within to the incorporation of predictive analysis techniques that streamline operations and reduce the demand for human resources, particularly from employees who may feel their jobs are being marginalized. 12
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JeffFocusBudding Enthusiast
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JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubThanks Graham. I think if I'm going to the trouble of taking the sump off, I might as well check the banjo filter as well. Probably better to do that first as a base line and then just do the sump clean procedure every year after to be sure? Just ordered the Haynes manual as it will always come in handy I fear!
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubSo you think they'll be enough room to get to the sump nuts using say a ring spanner over the exhaust that covers them. Its just the actual separation and refitting that caused the issues?
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubHi Graham Thanks for the update. I think even though you've spent money on parts you didn't need, the knowledge that everything is ok is worth far more. Quick question which would probably be answered in your guide... How difficult was it to get the sump off? When I changed the oil I noticed that the exhaust covers some of the nuts holding the sump on. I would love to do your brake cleaner trick and clean the gloop out of the bottom. I think mine has a DPF which no doubt adds to the entertainment Will probably attempt what you did in the autumn. If you could get your guide on here, that would be awesome :) Also on a side note, I'm thinking of doing all the servicing from now on. Do you have or can point me in the right direction where it details when the other serviceable items need to be replaced, such as air filters etc. Thanks again Jeff
JeffFocus liked a post in a topic: How Can I Prevent A Major Turbo Failure (Focus 1.6 Tdci 05)
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubNot sure either on turbo costs. I've seen you can buy turbo's on ebay for £300 but then you need all the other parts they recommend replacing like the oil feed pipe, sump and pump etc. The ebay sites are pretty good at explaining that unless you replace the other parts, there is no warranty on the turbo. I think these work out to be another £200. I've also heard stories that Ford charge around £1500 for "turbo replacement kit" which contains all the bits Pretty scary really. Is yours showing signs of failure?
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubManaged to change the oil and filter following your instructions thanks Graham. All went fine apart from I couldn't see where the o ring seal went that came with the new filter? Nothing seemed to fit it and there wasn't an old seal that I could see? Anyway it all seems fine and there's no oil leaks so I assume it's ok. No signs of carbonized oil on the filter or in the old oil. The only place I could see it was around the rocker cover by the breather pipe which I would think it normal? it wasn't much, just a light covering. I did try and get the rocker cover off but the injector pipes we're in the way and I didn't want to disturb things too much. Your link to the turbo failure investigation was an interesting read. However, if you only changed the oil every 30k for the first two years I guess that's what happens? Good luck with your sump replacement project and make sure you take loads of pics! I'll probably me attempting it later on in the year. thanks again Jeff
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubThanks for the instructions, most helpful Graham :)
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubI guess at the end of the day, by looking at the old oil filter (and sump if you have time to remove) you should get a good idea of how bad things are in the engine. If it's got loads of carbonised oily deposits, then its time to worry!!
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubThanks Graham I'm now planning on doing an oil change at the weekend as well to try and put my mind to rest. Going to buy a 27mm socket for future oil changes but do I need anything else like washers? On my shopping list all I have is a good quality 5/30 synthetic oil and the oil filter. Also, just popped out to my local garage to get a price on replacing the oil feed pipe and the chap doesn't want to do the job. He's spoken to his mechanic friend who's advised him not to touch it due to all the issues around turbo failure. Advised me to sell the car whilst I could. Nice hey. Time to roll my sleeves up i guess. On another thought, I currently have AA cover via my bank and I notice that they also offer a Garage and Parts cover for £7 per month. I did look at the small print and there is a statement in there that says they don't cover parts where lack of oil has caused the failure. I think its more aimed at people who don't service the car as I doubt they'll perform root cause analysis on the turbo failure. The only downside is that the max you can claim for is £500 and you pay £35 excess which makes it quite pricey if the regular oil changes prove to be a success.
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubHi Graham, I'm very tempted to disconnect the oil feed pipe for 60 seconds and do the test this weekend. I have tried calling Ford to double check the figures but can't get through to an engineer. Are you sure it's 300ml after 60 secs? I was thinking of just doing it for 10 seconds and looking for around 50 ml to reduce the risk of oil starvation. I've asked my local (non Ford) garage to give me a price on replacing the oil feed pipe. I'm also half tempted to remove the gauze when i do replace it. Ford obviously say it needs to be there but the way I look at it, if you leave it in you have a higher chance of failure than if you remove it. I cant see any benefit what so ever? Would love to hear your views? Cheers Jeff
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus Clubyes I see what you mean. Tricky....
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubHi Graham Thanks for the reply. Yes, the oil return would be more sensible approach. I thought the oil feed pipe for the turbo is the one that sits onto of the turbo and looks very accessable. So maybe I just undo this and inspect he pipe to see what the condition is like? That should give me an idea how bad the problem is. Or have I got the wrong pipe completely? Might just pop down to my local garage and see how much they'll charge to take the sump off, clean the feed pipe (if possible) and give it an oil / filter change. From there on I'll just keep changing the oil and filter every 5K and hope for the best I guess. I'll be interested to see how you get on with your plan though. Thanks Jeff
JeffFocus started following How Can I Prevent A Major Turbo Failure (Focus 1.6 Tdci 05)
JeffFocus replied to d0gMa's topic in Ford Focus ClubHi there, My Focus 1.6 tdci (06 reg and 70k miles) has just had a leak on the 3rd injector. A local garage sorted it out for me but after reading all about turbo failure due to clogged up oil galleries, I'm thinking it's probably a wise move to look into some simple preventative measures I can do myself. I've also got concerns as it looks like the inject had been leaking for a while (maybe a couple of months - wife's car and she didn't notice the oily smell etc) What are your thoughts about using an oil flush (only this once) to remove any unwanted sludge etc? I've read a lot of good and bad articles about them and apparently Ford uses Wynns oil flush as part of their turbo replacement procedure. Before we just relied on the annual service which came around every 12k miles so now I'm a little bit worried that I've not changed the oil enough in the past. Also, would briefly disconnecting the oil feed pipe on the turbo to check the oil flow be a really bad idea? Just thinking that this would be a real simple test to see if the pipe is blocked etc. I'm assuming it's the small pipe that connects to the top of the turbo? thanks Jeff

subset: commoncrawl


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Southwest of Rapid City in the Black Hills National Forest, the Norbeck Wildlife Preserve has an extensive trail system open to horseback riding. The Norbeck Wildlife Preserve Trail System has 18 trails individually ranging from 0.6 miles to 8.9 miles in length.
Here is a summary of the trails in the Norbeck Wildlife Preserve Trail System:
Lost Cabin Trail (Trail #2), 5.0 miles.
Norbeck Trail (Trail #3), 6.3 miles.
Trail #4, 2.3 miles.
Willow Creek-Rushmore Trail (Trail #5), 1.9 miles.
Sunday Gulch Trail (Trail #6), 3.2 miles
Grizzly Bear Creek Trail (Trail #7), 6.3 miles.
Willow Creek Loop (Trail #8), 2.8 miles.
Harney Peak (North) Trail (Trail #9), 4.7 miles.
Harney Peak (South) Trail (Trail #9), 3.8 miles.
Horsethief Lake Trail (Trail #14), 2.7 miles.
Iron Creek Trail (Trail #15), 2.4 miles, Difficulty Rating: Easy. Mountain biking allowed.
Iron Mountain Trail (Trail #16), 1.4 miles.
A portion of the Centennial Trail (Trail #89), 8.9 miles.
Centennial Bypass Trail (Trail #89B), 1.7 miles.
Blackberry Trail, 0.8 mile.
Sylvan Lakeshore Trail, 1.0 mile, Difficulty Rating: Easy.
Cathedral Spires Trail, 0.9 mile.
Little Devils Tower Trail, 0.6 mile.
Overall, Norbeck Wildlife Preserve Trail System is the 17th most popular horse trail of all 17 horseback rides in South Dakota.


text:
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- $36,950
- eCarOne Price
- 2014 BMW 5 Series 535i | M SPORT | PREM | LUX CLMT STS | NAV | HEADS UP | CAM | PARK ASST | $11K OPTS
- Carbon Black Metallic (Dark Blue)
- 20,499 mi.
- $35,450
- eCarOne Price
2013 BMW 5 Series 550i xDrive | M SPORT | EXECTV | DYNMC HANDL | HEAD UP | $15K OPT
- $37,950
- eCarOne Price
- Transmission: Automatic
- Warranty: Balance Of Manufacturer's Warranty
BMW 5 Series 550i xDrive | M SPORT | EXECTV | DYNMC HANDL | HEAD UP | $15K OPT Warranty Information
Balance Of Manufacturer's Warranty
- Mileage: 23,782
- This vehicle located at:
- e-CarOne
- 1875 N. Interstate 35E
- Carrollton, Texas
- 972-245-7777
- Map this location
- This vehicle located at:
- e-CarOne
- 1875 N. Interstate 35E
- Carrollton, Texas
- 972-245-7777
- Map this location
- This vehicle located at:
- e-CarOne
- 1875 N. Interstate 35E
- Carrollton, Texas
- 972-245-7777
- Map this location
- This vehicle located at:
- e-CarOne
- 1875 N. Interstate 35E
- Carrollton, Texas
- 972-245-7777
- Map this location
m sport pkg, Executive Pkg, Dynamic Handling Pkg, driver assistance pkg, Cold Weather Pkg, automatic high beams, Backup Camera w/side & top views, Blind Spot Assist, Bluetooth Hands-Free, Cruise Control, head-up display, Heated Seats, Hi-Fi Premium Audio, Keyless Entry, Keyless Go, Leather Seats, Multi-zone Climate Control, Navigation, Parktronic, Portable Audio Connection, Power Liftgate, Rear Heated Seats, Satellite Radio, Security System, Side Curtain Airbags, Steering Wheel Controls, Sunroof and Xenon are just a few of the luxurious features this 1 owner, CarFax Certified, Autocheck Certified BMW Sedan is equipped with.
eCarOne.com is proud to offer this 2013 BMW 550i xDrive in excellent mechanical condition and is covered by the bumper to bumper BMW factory warranty. As new this BMW had an original sticker price of more than $80,600 MSRP.
This 5 Series is powered by a responsive 4.4 liter 407 HP, 8 Cylinder Engine mated to a smooth 8-Speed Automatic AWD transmission. The exterior is a stunning alpine white finish complemented by black leather seats interior, accented with anthracite Wood interior trim. Both the exterior and interior are in excellent condition.
For your peace of mind, we remind you that this vehicle is under the remainder of the 48 months / 50,000 miles bumper to bumper BMW manufacturer's warranty. The warranty start date according to Carfax was 4/16/2013. This is also pre-qualified for 100,000 miles extended warranty, LoJack theft deterrent system, and an extended term, low finance rate offer for well qualified buyers*.
We have included over 90 photos and video so you can judge for yourself the condition this BMW is in. This 2013 BMW 550i xDrive Sedan is generously equipped with upgraded options standard features. A comprehensive list of options features are listed below and can be viewed at eCarOne.com
Included Optional Equipment
- Original Price:$950.00
- Details:
- Heated Rear Seat(s)
- Heated Front Seat(s)
- Original Price:$2900.00
- Details:
- Aluminum Wheels
- Tires - Front Performance
- Leather Steering Wheel
- Tires - Rear Performance
- Details:
- Woodgrain Interior Trim
- Original Price:$4500.00
- Details:
- Keyless Start
- Power Door Locks
- Keyless Entry
- Heads-Up Display
- Satellite Radio
- Premium Sound System
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Trunk Release
- Original Price:$3500.00
- Details:
- Active Suspension
- Original Price:$500.00
- Details:
- 8-Speed A/T
- Transmission w/Dual Shift Mode
- Original Price:$1200.00
- Details:
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Rear Parking Aid
BMW 5 Series 550i xDrive | M SPORT | EXECTV | DYNMC HANDL | HEAD UP | $15K OPT Standard Equipment
- Anti-theft AM/FM stereo CD/MP3 audio system -inc: FM diversity antenna system, auto-store, auxiliary input
- High-fidelity 10-speaker sound system -inc: digital multi-channel amplifier
- Anti-theft AM/FM stereo CD/MP3 audio system -inc: radio data system (RDS), auto-store, auxiliary input
- HD Radio
- Combox controller
- HD Radio w/"multicast" FM station reception
- Satellite radio preparation
- High-fidelity 10-speaker sound system -inc: digital multi-channel 180-watt amplifier
- Power adjustable heated folding body-color auto-dimming side-view mirrors -inc: mirror memory, auto tilt-down of passenger-side-view mirror (when car is shifted into reverse gear)
- Automatic headlight on/off control
- Adaptive brake lights
- Front foglights
- Xenon adaptive headlights -inc: dynamic auto-leveling, LED corona headlight-rings, cornering lights
- 2-way power moonroof -inc: remote expanded "one-touch" operation, anti-trapping feature, sliding interior sunshade
- Rain-sensing windshield wipers w/adjustable speed
- 18" x 8.0" star-spoke light alloy wheels (style 330) -inc: P245/45R18 run-flat all-season tires
- Hard drive-based navigation system -inc: voice feedback, voice-command system, Real Time Traffic Info, online info services
- Dual-zone automatic climate control -inc: separate left/right temperature & air distribution controls, automatic air recirculation
- Condition-based service display w/additional functions accessible through iDrive system
- Service interval indicator & expanded check control vehicle monitor system
- Remote keyless entry security system -inc: selective unlocking & double-lock feature (programmed at BMW center), remote trunk opening, interior motion detector, panic feature, engine immobilizer
- 3-spoke leather-wrapped multi-function steering wheel -inc: memory, controls for audio system, cruise control, Bluetooth wireless communication for hands-free mobile phone
- Open storage compartments in all doors & front seatback storage
- Power outlet in front passenger footwell, front center console storage compartment, rear center console, trunk
- Dynamic cruise control
- Electronic analog speedometer & tachometer
- iDrive system -inc: on-board computer, controller, (8) programmable memory buttons
- Power tilt & telescopic steering column -inc: automatic tilt-up for easy entry & exit
- Micro-filter ventilation system -inc: replaceable active-charcoal filters
- Dark wood interior trim
- Front map lights & rear reading lights w/separate controls for left & right
- Front seatback storage
- Additional 12-V power outlets
- 18-way power-adjustable multi-contour front bucket seats -inc: 4-way lumbar support, articulated upper backrests, driver & passenger-seat memory, adjustable thigh support
- Rear window defroster
- Black panel display technology -inc: LCD main & trip odometer displays, warning indicators in dial faces
- Anti-theft alarm system -inc: keyhead remote operation, interior motion detector
- Integrated 3-button universal garage door opener
- Dual front sun visors w/illuminated vanity mirrors
- Fully finished trunk w/interior & remote trunk release
- Glove compartment
- Auto-dimming interior rear-view mirror
- Dual cupholders in front & rear
- Front & rear floor mats
- Interior courtesy lights w/auto-dimming function
- 3-spoke multi-function leather-wrapped steering wheel -inc: memory, mounted audio controls, cruise control, Bluetooth wireless communication for hands-free mobile phone
- Interior ambiance lighting
- Split fold-down rear seat
- 2-zone automatic climate control -inc: separate left/right temperature settings & air distribution controls, automatic air recirculation
- Fold-up rear seat center armrest
- Open storage compartments in all doors
- Dakota leather upholstery -inc: seat surfaces, armrests in center console & doors, headrests for front seats & outer rear seats, gear shift lever boot
- Power windows -inc: key-off & "one touch" up & down operation both front & rear, anti-trapping feature, opening from remote, closing from exterior lock
- Electronic limited-slip differential
- Rear multi-link integral-V aluminum suspension
- 4.4-liter, 32-valve 400-hp V-8 engine -inc: TwinPower Turbo technology, piezo direct fuel injection, (4) overhead camshafts, Double-VANOS steplessly variable valve timing
- Engine start/stop button w/Keyless-go feature
- 4-wheel ventilated disc brakes w/composite front rotors
- 8-speed Steptronic automatic transmission -inc: sport & manual shift modes, adaptive transmission control (ATC)
- 4.4-liter TwinPower Turbo V-8, 32-valve 400-hp engine -inc: Double-VANOS & Valvetronic variable valve control, high-precision direct injection
- Direct ignition system w/knock control
- Vehicle-speed-sensitive variable-assist (Servotronic) variable-ratio power steering
- xDrive all wheel drive system
- Front multi-link double-wishbone aluminum suspension
- 4-wheel ventilated disc brakes -inc: composite front rotors, brake pad wear indicators, dynamic brake control (DBC)
- Brake energy regeneration system to convert kinetic energy into usable electrical pwr
- Twin-tube gas-pressure shock absorbers
- Electronically controlled engine cooling (map cooling)
- Interlocking door anchoring system to help protect against door intrusion in side impacts
- Driver & front passenger airbag supplemental restraint system (SRS) w/advanced technology -inc: dual-threshold, dual-stage deployment, front-passenger seat sensors designed to prevent unnecessary airbag deployment
- BMW Advanced Safety System for integrated deployment of passive & active safety features
- Front & rear seat head protection system (HPS)
- Front & rear park distance control
- Front safety belts w/automatic pretensioners
- Emergency interior trunk release handle
- BMW Assist w/enhanced Bluetooth & USB -inc: (4) years of automatic collision notification, emergency request, enhanced roadside assistance, remote door unlock, stolen vehicle recovery, customer relations, TeleService, Mobile Office features, MyInfo
- Tire pressure monitor
- Front seat side-impact airbags
- Child safety rear door locks
- BMW Ultimate Service
- 3-point safety belts w/force limiters & head restraints at all seating positions
- Acoustic safety-belt warning
- Anti-lock braking system (ABS) -inc: dynamic brake control (DBC)
- Hill descent control (HDC)
- Dynamic stability control (DSC) -inc: brake fade compensation, start-off assistant, brake drying, brake stand-by features, dynamic traction control (DTC)
- Crash sensor that activates battery safety terminal disconnect of alternator, fuel pump & starter from battery, automatically unlocks doors, turns on hazard & interior lights
- Active head restraints for driver & front passenger
- Anti-lock braking system (ABS) -inc: dynamic brake control (DBC), brake pad wear indicators
- Rear-view camera
- LATCH attachments for child-restraint safety installation
All advertised prices exclude government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer document preparation charge, and any emission testing charge. The price for listed vehicles as equipped does not include charges such as: License, Title, Registration Fees, State or Local Taxes, Dealer Prep, Smog Fees, Credit Investigation, Optional Credit Insurance, Physical Damage of Liability Insurance, or Delivery Fees. DEALER makes no representations, expressed or implied, to any actual or prospective purchaser or owner of this vehicle as to the existence, ownership, accuracy, description or condition of the listed vehicle's equipment, accessories, price, specials or any warranties. Any and all differences must be addressed prior to the sale of this vehicle.
Click here to view our terms.
This car has been marked by the seller (us) as Used . The above listing of equipment and accessories is based on the manufacturer's description at the time of manufacturing. Please refer to your dealer (sales person) and ask about the specific listed accessories


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Allow at least 24 hours, preferably 48 hours before you decide to even go trying to find your refills, remember this is often a very busy business when your call also comes in it just gets added on the pile before you. There are a great deal of details a pharmacy technician should have to do and be knowledgeable with which is why kaufen discounts on ivermectin pills best website passing the PTCB certification kaufen discounts on ivermectin pills best website can be a have got to. Smile and split eye contact between all of your interviewers whenever you can when you happen to be speaking and make eye contact on the person asking the questions. People with liver disease should avoid drugs metabolized through the liver. Americans tend to be aware now than ever before in regards to the serious health risks related to using tobacco, whether smoking cigarettes, smoking out of your pipe, or using chewing tobacco.
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Today's top gainers include the company Credicorp Ltd. (NYSE:BAP) which is in the industry Money Center Banks, gaining 0.86% today. In the last week its performance is 3.28%, and 7.63% for the past quarter. Currently, Credicorp Ltd., BAP has a target price of 168.91, so today's gain of 0.86% is a significant step towards its target price. The GAP today is therefore 0.60%.
Credicorp Ltd. (NYSE:BAP), has a market cap of 15251.83, and is based in Peru. Insider ownership is at 36.10%, and institutional ownership is 58.20%.
At the current price of 162.15, it has a dividend yield of 1.43%, and its target price is 168.91. This is with a profit margin of 30.70%, and total debt/equity of 0.99. Credicorp Ltd. (NYSE:BAP) has a P/E of 13.63, as well as a forward P/E of 11.46.
With a current EPS of 11.89, and a forecasted EPS growth for next year at 14.75%,Credicorp Ltd. (NYSE:BAP) has had a EPS growth for the past five years at 40.20%. For the next five years EPS growth is projected to be 14.25%.
Performance for the year is 51.76%. Since its IPO date on 10/25/1995, the total performance to date is 69.35%.
Volume today for Credicorp Ltd. (NYSE:BAP), is 234800, while its average volume is 289.53. Whilst the total gain today was 0.86%, it did have a day high of -1.10%.
Volatility for this week has been at 1.85%, and 2.13% for the month. The 52-week low for Credicorp Ltd., BAP has been 94.53%, while the 52-week-high has reached -1.10%.
Looking at its return of investments, which is 12.90%, and its return on assets is 2.10%. Credicorp Ltd. (NYSE:BAP) has an operating margin of 55.50%. With a sales growth of 6.30% quarter over quarter. Bearing in mind that Credicorp Ltd., BAP is in the sector Financial, its long-term debt/equity is 0.99, and has a current ratio of *TBA and *TBA for quick ratio.
So what is the value of Credicorp Ltd.? Well its PEG is 0.96, and the P/S is 4.94, along with a P/B of 2.47. Meanwhile it has a p/cash of 1.42.


text: Peck stated in 2006 that he started by going on a diet and got a personal trainer. Includes CC-BY-SA content from Wikipedia's Josh_Peck article (authors) Retrieved from "http://answers.wikia.com/wiki/How_did_josh_peck_lose_his_weight?oldid=3795899" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Weight loss Answered questions Add category Cancel Save


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Walk 17 – Thompson Bay Nature Walk
This is a short walk along the shoreline of Thompson Bay. This is not an official Presque Isle State Park trail, and not listed on any of the park's maps. It uses a mowed path that is kept open for duck and goose hunters who build blinds along the shore during hunting seasons. During the fall and spring migration seasons, many waterfowl rest in Thompson Bay's sheltered waters. If you hope to view these birds in their natural habitat, you will need to spend an extended amount of time in the backwater area of this walk, sitting or standing quietly among the brush and reeds.
This walk begins on a small path leading almost due north out of the far western end of the parking lot across from Thompson Circle. Follow the path until it comes to the water's edge at Thompson Bay. Turn left, and walk out the shoreline path until it ends, roughly one-half mile down the beach. Turn around and retrace your steps back to the original entry path. Turn right and return to your car. If you are interested in a longer walk, do not enter the return pathway, but continue walking along the shoreline's mowed path. The path continues to Beach #11. At Beach #11, there are two entry paths on your right, which you can take to the beach access road. Once you reach this road, turn right and follow it back to the Multi-Purpose Trail, at which point you turn right again and walk to your car.
Special Features:
- Butterfly migration
- Shoreline exploration
- Birding
.8 miles / Extended walk: 1.5 miles
Type Walk:
Out and back
Approximate time:
45 minutes / Extended walk- 1.25 hours
Surface conditions:
Sand and grass and paved path on extended walk


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Seattle Mariners second-half preview: One bat away from postseason
Seattle Mariners
Record: 51-44
Standing: 3rd in AL West
Team Leaders:
Batting Average: Robinson Cano, .334
Home Runs: Kyle Seager, 15
ERA: Felix Hernandez, 2.12
Star power is leading the Mariners' playoff push: Felix Hernandez leads the American League in ERA, and Robinson Cano is second in batting average. Yet despite the efforts from Seattle's two big stars, the Mariners are still in third place in the AL West, eight games behind Oakland and 6.5 behind the Angels. However, Seattle still has a two-game lead for the second Wild Card spot in the American League.
Hernandez could be pitching his way to a potential second Cy Young Award, with a 2.12 ERA and 154 strikeouts.


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The ice sculpting festival brings together teams of international sculptors who will be working against the clock to produce the best works of art out of big blocks of ice.
The theme for the festival is Love London, and chainsaws, chipping tools and delicate chisels will all be used to create these chilly sculptures in Canada Square Park, Canary Wharf.
This free event begins on Thursday January 13 and will continue throughout the weekend until the winning entry is announced at 3pm on Saturday.Reuse content


text: On Jan 29, Havoc Pennington decided to present us with: > > On Fri, 29 Jan 1999, Daniel Burrows wrote: > dpkg. If it doesn't, let me know. > > > gnome-apt should come with an icon. ;-) (the line-art penguin would be > > good..) > > I have a request in to tigert. ;-) In the meantime I guess it would be > easy to set that penguin as the icon, I can do that. I made a xpm of the penguin, it's in the Gdeb sources. []s, |alo +---- -- I am Lalo of deB-org. You will be freed. Resistance is futile. http://www.webcom.com/lalo mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com pgp key in the web page Debian GNU/Linux -- http://www.debian.org