text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 13, 2007
|Filing date
|Mar 12, 2001
|Priority date
|Mar 10, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kevin Lamar, Teresa Lynn Harvey
|Original Assignee
|Nautilus, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (25), Classifications (18), Legal Events (14)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/188,381 entitled "Variable Load Multi-Position Bench Exercise Unit and Associated Group Exercise Program" and filed Mar. 10, 2000, by Andrew P. Lull et al., and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/274,590 entitled "Group Program for Resistance Exercise Training" and filed Mar. 9, 2001, by Kevin Lamar et al., (the "Provisional Applications"). The Provisional Applications are incorporated herein by reference including all publications and issued patents cited therein.
1. Field of the Invention
The field of the invention relates generally to group exercise programs. More particularly, the invention relates to group programs for resistance exercise training.
2. Description of Related Art
Resistance training, also commonly referred to as strength training or weight training, introduces progressive resistance to an exercising body. Resistance training is most often performed individually or in small groups using equipment ranging from free weights to sophisticated pieces of machinery. Such training often intimidates exercisers, requires exercisers to coordinate their schedule with others (e.g. spotters, workout partners and personal trainers), and fails to provide sufficient motivation to keep exercisers training on a regular basis.
Groups have attempted to build on the group dynamic that has been successfully used in cardiovascular training programs such as aerobic and Spinning� training by designing free weight group resistance training programs using barbells, weights and collars. In these group free weight training programs, participants perform resistance training exercises to choreographed music in a group setting. In order to maintain a safe environment, however, each participant should have a spotter assigned to them during each exercise. This requires that either participants stop their workout to spot each other or that the group include enough instructors to spot each member of the group. The first option is inefficient, decreases the intensity of the workout, and requires longer group sessions in order to perform the same exercises. The second option, however, is likely cost-prohibitive in that the organizer of the group program would have to provide an instructor for each member of the group.
The present invention provides a group program for resistance exercise training including the steps of: providing a plurality of convertible multi-position exercise units; providing instruction and operating the plurality of exercise units for performing a first exercise in a first configuration; providing instruction in converting the plurality of exercise units from the first configuration to a second configuration; and providing instruction in operating the plurality of exercise units in the second configuration. The exercise units include a frame, a seat positioned on the frame and an adjustable resistance engine attached to the frame.
The present invention further provides a method for implementing the group program including the steps of: providing training for the group program for one or more representatives each having an area of responsibility; providing training for a plurality of individual instructors for the planning and administering individual sessions of the group program via the representatives; certifying the plurality of individual instructors have successfully completed the training; and planning and implementing a group resistance training program using a plurality of convertible multi-position exercise units. Each of the exercise units is convertible to several different configurations to allow a user to perform multiple different exercises on the exercise units. The exercise units include a frame, a seat positioned on the frame and an adjustable resistance engine attached to the frame.
The preferred embodiments of the invention will be decided in detail with reference to the following figures, wherein like numerals refer to like elements, and wherein:
The present invention provides a group program for resistance exercise training. The program helps eliminate common excuses for not participating in resistance training and provides an effective, safe and enjoyable training program along with a "coach" to lead participants every step of the way. The group aspect of the program can both take the boredom out of resistance training by applying it in a group setting and take the guesswork out of individuals having to prepare safe and effective workouts for themselves. An instructor can act as a participant's personal trainer while in a group setting by providing one-on-one attention. The instructor can prepare resistance-training classes that may be customized based on the goals of the participants.
The program includes one or more individual classes. The classes can excite participants with varying exercises, intensity and formats and can challenge participants to surpass plateaus in their resistance training efforts. The classes are preferably organized to seem effortless and straightforward to the participants. The participant should be able to fully engage in each class. Each class can have a specific focus and a list of goals that is prepared in advance with particular participants in mind.
Resistance training is commonly referred to as strength training or weight training. For the purposes of this application, the term "resistance training" refers to a system of physical conditioning introducing progressive resistance to an exercising body. Resistance may be provided via one's own body weight, the use of additional weights (hand held or otherwise), gravity resistance (terrain inclination or vertical plyometric forms of training), environmental resistance (water, air), elastic tubing or resistance training machines. "Progressive resistance" as used in this application refers to increasing resistance applied in a particular exercise over a series of workouts. While it is not required that each workout include an increase in resistance for a particular exercise over the previous workout, over the course of an exercise program, the resistance applied during a particular exercise is systematically increased and/or progressively more difficult exercises are performed as the participant becomes stronger at least until a target resistance level or exercise difficulty level has been met.
Resistance training can be used for both physical rehabilitation and for athletic and general conditioning. In most instances, resistance training is used to promote general physical fitness and conditioning. The type and number of exercises may vary with the participant's objectives, age, sex, weight and experience level. Generally speaking, in the absences of intervention, the human body becomes less flexible, less muscular and weaker with age. Systematically exposing human skeletal muscle to routine bouts of resistance training with appropriate loads can create increased strength, power and muscular endurance and can help fight the aging process. Maintaining muscle mass can greatly assist with everyday tasks such as carrying loads, performing tasks or remaining injury-free during recreational pursuits.
A resistance training program should be safe, effective and efficient. Exercises with a high risk for injury are preferably avoided. Resistance training should be performed in a slow and controlled manner. Fast weight lifting movements performed in succession, for example, may place excessive stress on the muscles, tendons and joints. Further, different resistance training routines will produce different results. Depending upon a participant's goals, the program may be designed to produce a desired effect such as by altering the selected exercises, the sequencing of the exercises, and the numbers of sets and repetitions. Seeing results from a resistance training program depends upon the development of a sound program. The time and energy efficiency of a particular resistance training program can also be optimized by selecting specific exercises, numbers of sets and repetitions, intensities, progressions, speeds, ranges, frequencies and performances.
A resistance training program can cause many physiological changes in a body such as increased muscle fiber size, muscle contractile size, tendon strength, bone strength and ligament strength. These changes may increase a participant's physical capacity and ability to perform work or exercise. The increased muscle size and function developed from resistance training can lead to both muscular strength and endurance. Previously difficult tasks can be accomplished with considerably less effort. Resistance training can also increase the participant's metabolic rate. Resistance training, by nature, is a calorie burning activity. The heart rate increases, as does the blood pressure and energy metabolism. The resting metabolic rate is also influenced because muscle tissue is added from resistance training, raising the amount of energy that is required to sustain the muscle. Further, resistance training can increase the participant's athletic power. Power is a combination of movement speed and movement force. Movement force depends upon the muscles of the human body, which can be greatly improved through resistance training. A resistance-training program can also lower a participant's risk of injury. A strong muscular system offers protection against impact injury, and having a balanced musco-skeletal system can prevent over-use injuries. Resistance training further enhances a participant's physical appearance by stimulating muscle fibers to increase a muscle's size and strength. The increase in size and strength leads to enhanced muscle tone and firmness.
Muscle Function
When a muscle is activated, it attempts to shorten by trying to pull its attachments closer together. Depending upon the force output, a muscle can react in three different ways: it can shorten, lengthen or remain the same. A "positive contraction" for the purposes of this application refers to muscle shortening. A positive contraction usually occurs when a muscle creates enough force to lift a load. A "negative contraction" refers to the lengthening phase of a muscle's activation and occurs when a muscle is overcome by resistance. Negative contractions can be used to reduce the force of gravity and to exert a slow, controlled movement. A "static contraction" indicates that the muscle neither contracts nor lengthens, but remains activated a fixed joint angle, i.e., the muscle's force is equivalent to its load. This may occur by design, such as in isometric exercises, or immediately prior to a failure of a positive contraction. A static contraction may result in increased strength at the angle trained, but does not reflect increased strength throughout the joint's full range of motion.
A muscle can be asked to move in several different ways whether it be the focus of a specific movement, an assister in a movement or an opposition to a movement. A "prime mover" or "target" muscle refers to a muscle that is responsible for controlling a movement. The muscle contracts positively when lifting the weight. A particular exercise can have more than one prime mover or target muscle. The biceps muscle group, for example, is the prime mover muscle group for performing a bicep curl exercise.
An "antagonist muscle" refers to a muscle that is responsible for producing the opposite movement of the prime mover. The antagonist muscle helps ensure smooth joint movement. As the prime mover contracts and shortens to create a movement, the antagonist muscle relaxes and lengthens. The triceps muscle group, for example, is an antagonist muscle group for performing a bicep curl exercise.
A "synergist" or "assister" muscle refers to a muscle that assists one or more other muscles to accomplish a movement, but is not solely responsible for the movement. The triceps muscle group, for example, is a synergist muscle group for a bench press exercise.
A "stabilizer muscle" refers to a muscle that contracts with no significant movement for a particular exercise, but that functions to hold other joints stable while the desired movement is occurring in another joint. The erector spinea muscle, for example, functions as a stabilizer muscle during a squat exercise.
A "dynamic stabilizer muscle" refers to a biarticulate muscle, i.e., a muscle that crosses two joints, that simultaneously shortens at the target joint and lengthens at an adjacent joint with no appreciable difference in length. The responsibility of a dynamic stabilizer is similar to the responsibility of a stabilizer muscle, i.e., hold a joint stable while a desired movement can occur in another joint. The hamstrings and the gastrocnemius, for example, both act as a dynamic stabilizer muscles in a squat exercise that targets the quadriceps muscle group.
An "antagonist stabilizer muscle" refers to a muscle that contracts to maintain the tension potential of a biarticulate muscle at another joint. The antagonist stabilizer muscle may be contracted throughout the exercise or may be contracted only at one extreme of the movement. The rectus abdominis and the obliques muscles, for example, function as antagonist stabilizer muscles in a squat exercise.
Resistance Training Guidelines
Creating a resistance training routine includes selections of particular exercises, durations, intensities, progressions, speeds, ranges and frequencies. A particular resistance training workout may include exercises that target all or a portion of the major muscle groups of the human body. These major muscle groups include: the quadriceps, the hamstrings, the lower back, the abdominals, the chest, the upper back, the shoulders, the biceps, the triceps, and the neck flexors/extensors. Particular exercises, for example, may be selected to create a full-body resistance-training workout i.e., each of the major muscle groups of the human body are targeted.
The duration, i.e., the number of sets and repetitions, for each particular exercise can be selected depending upon the goals of the participants in the group. In some instances, one set of strength exercises, is sufficient to achieve strength gains. The number of repetitions for each set should be between about 8 and about 12 if the training goal of the participants is to focus on a combination of strength and endurance. The number of repetitions, however, should be less for more of a strength focus and greater for more of an endurance focus.
The intensity of the training will also vary with the desired training goals. For example, in a program designed to focus on a combination of strength and endurance, muscle fatigue, i.e., where the muscle is no longer able to contract positively, for each participant should normally occur between about 8 and about 12 repetitions for a particular exercise.
The progression in the amount of resistance that is used in a particular exercise for a participant also depends upon the training goals of the participant. Generally, the resistance should be increased when the participant can complete the number of repetitions and/or sets desired for the participant's particular training goals without experiencing muscle fatigue. When the amount of resistance is to be increased, gradual increases in the amount of resistance are generally preferred. For example, an increase of about 5% is recommended.
The speed of the resistance training is also a consideration in designing a resistance training routine. Lifting in a slow and controlled manner is more difficult, but is preferred. For example, a speed of about two seconds for each lifting movement and an equal time for a descent is desired. Fast lifting and descents are not recommended because of the stress they place on muscles and joints.
A resistance training routine should also take the range of motion for each exercise into consideration. Generally, exercises should be performed throughout a full range of motion except in certain cases such as during rehabilitation of an injury where performing limited range of motion exercises may be preferred.
The frequency of the workouts can also be selected depending upon the goals of the participants. Generally, at least two resistance-training workouts for each targeted muscle group per week is recommended. Training a particular muscle group two days in a row, however, is generally discouraged because muscles require about 48 hours to recover.
Attention to proper breathing patterns is also recommended. Participants should not hold their breath during resistance training exercises. Rather, participants should exhale during lifting movements and inhale during lowering movements.
Development of Muscular Strength, Power and Endurance
Particular resistance training routines may be designed to focus on muscular strength, power and endurance independently or to focus on two or more of these attributes collectively. "Muscular strength" refers to the maximal amount of force generated by a muscle or muscle group in various directions at various velocities. Utilizing maximal loads and a minimal number of repetitions, e.g., from about 1 to about 6, develops strength. True strength training implies that the participant is seeking additional strength. Thus, a strength training participant generally uses heavy resistance and performs a minimal number of repetitions before muscle fatigue occurs.
"Muscular power" refers to the rate at which work is performed. Variables include resistance distance and time. Power consists of strength and speed, both of which can be improved with training. Maximal power may be developed by utilizing either (1) moderate to heavy loads in explosive movements, e.g., power clean, performed at a low number of repetitions such as from about 1 to about 6 repetitions, or (2) light to moderate loads performed at a higher number of repetitions, e.g., from about 12 to about 15 repetitions, in sport-specific movements. Resistance training for muscular power is often used to improve athletic performance, injury prevention and rehabilitation from injury.
"Muscular endurance" refers to the ability of a muscle or a group of muscles to continue to function over time. Muscular endurance is most specifically obtained via endurance activities. Resistance training to focus on muscular endurance generally includes using light loads at a relatively higher number of repetitions than for specific training for muscular strength and muscular power. For example, a muscular endurance resistance-training program may include using loads light enough to permit the participant to perform at least about 15 repetitions before muscle fatigue occurs.
Natural Movement Training
The most natural human movements are multiple-joint movements that are dynamic, isolateral and used to naturally rotate the extremities. These movements also utilize active dynamic stabilization of the joints, and the trunk is called upon to protect the spine with all of its passive structures. Natural movements also provide a sound balance between the prime mover muscles and the stabilizing muscles. "Natural Movement Training" makes use of these closed-chain muscle actions. It develops neuromuscular coordination, produces little or no shear forces and protects joints with the pre-activation of the joint stabilizing muscles. Instead of training particular muscle groups, such as the biceps, triceps, chest, back and legs, independently, a participant can train his or her body as a whole. In Natural Movement Training, each body part is encouraged to achieve the proposed exercise. The exercises used in Natural Movement Training can focus on muscle control and on developing torso strength and stability. Emphasis can be placed on the abdominal, lower back extensor, and pelvic muscle groups, for example. While working through a full range of motion, the participant can train new neural pathways in his or her body. The stabilizer and assister muscles also play a significant role. Natural Movement Training can make the body more proficient at every day tasks and activities as well as at highly sophisticated movement. Increased strength, flexibility, coordination and balance are all by-products of Natural Movement Training. It teaches muscles to work in the most efficient and bio-mechanically correct way.
Natural Movement Training can increase the participant's ability in every day activities; anything that requires bending, lifting and twisting. By training the core muscles in this way, the stabilizing muscles learn to automatically fire and tighten when possible, thus protecting the human body in daily life. Natural Movement Training can also increase a participant's efficiency in multi-joint movements, dynamic body movement, active stabilization of the torso, balance between the prime mover muscles and the stabilizing muscles, rotating joint motion, neuromuscular joint protection, and improved overall coordination.
Although there are hundreds of movements that occur naturally in every human being that may be incorporated into a Natural Movement Training program, five of the most common naturally occurring movements are preferably incorporated into a Natural Movement Training program. These five include: the pull, the pull down, the push, the push up and the body extension. The "pull" movement refers to moving an arm that is extending in front of the body toward the body such as to bring an object closer to the body. The "pull down" movement refers to moving an arm that is extended above the head and body toward the body in a downward movement such as to bring an object closer to the body. The "push" movement refers to extending an arm away from the body such as to move an object from close in to the body to a position farther away. The "push up" movement refers to extending an arm above the head and body and moving the arm away from the body in an upward motion such as to push an object further away from the body. The "body extension" movement refers to moving the entire body from a tighter position, such as a seated or squat position, to an upright and extended (open) body position.
Each of these movements has the following characteristics that constitute a Natural Movement Training exercise:
Natural Movement Training can deliver well-rounded and functional programming to strengthen muscles and increase muscular endurance, while simultaneously improving a body's natural movement capacity. Classes can be designed to integrate natural strength moves with traditional strength and endurance exercises. Participants that perform natural strength moves class after class can train their bodies to protect themselves. Switching on the muscles necessary to protect the spine and other delicate areas can become second nature and can protect the participants from unnecessary injuries in the course of day-to-day activities.
The program of the present invention includes the leadership of an instructor. While the use of a live instructor is preferred, the program may also have video and/or audio-recorded instruction, computer-generated instruction or even virtual reality instruction. The instruction may be performed live, played at the exercise location, broadcast such as over wired or wireless technology, transmitted over a network such as the Internet or an intranet or the like. Although the instruction should lead the participants through the program such as by introducing the particular exercises, demonstrating the proper form of the exercises and keeping the program moving, the instructor also preferably acts as a coach to the participants. The coaching role can be used to motivate each participant, monitor each participant, offer insurances and promote success, encourage change and progression, keep up the energy intensity of the class, reinforce and praise good work, create a team approach to strength results, offer one-on-one attention within the group environment, etc.
Preparation such as logistical preparation, physical preparation and mental preparation should also be made before the class begins. Logistical preparation, for example, can include music selection, apparel and footwear, classroom set-up, class format and exercise sequencing. Music selection can include background music or choreographed music to which one or more of the exercises may be performed. Depending upon the particular participants and exercises, music can be selected with the individual participants taste and preferences in mind. For some participants, listening to the beat of the music can be a strong determinant in the guiding movement. For others, however, following music may be associated with dance formats or other aerobic formats, which many people try to avoid. For these participants, it may be more productive to select background music to enhance the atmosphere of the class rather than as a foundation of the class. Also, in order to attract diverse groups of participants, a diverse selection of music may be desired.
The classroom set-up can be an integral part of the program. Because the various exercises and equipment used in the class will be new to many of the participants and because correct physical execution of the exercises can be important, it is preferable to arrange the classroom in such a way that the instructor is clearly visible to the participants.
In some instances, such as shown in
The class size is preferably kept between about four and about twelve participants in order to maintain a group dynamic while still allowing the instructor to spend sufficient individual time with each class participant.
The class format and exercise sequencing is also an important aspect of the preparation for the group program. Due to the nature of the program, resistance training concepts and clearly defined goals are preferably designed to extend over a specified period of time. A program plan for a class that meets once per week, for example, should preferably extend for at least about a one month period. Each class should have a focus or goal that will be a factor in the exercise selection and class progression. One example of a plan for a beginner resistance training program is shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 BEGINNER CLASS - WEDNESDAYS Class Number Types of Moves Included (#) Focus Week #1 All basic moves (8 exercises) Perfect Technique Week #2 All basic moves (10 exercises) Resistance Increase Week #4 Basic moves + 2 Intermediate Intermediate Technique Moves (10 exercises) Week #6 Basic moves + 4 Intermediate Resistance Increase for Moves (12 exercises) Basic Moves
Outlining goals for every class can be used to provide a "road map" for the participants. Such a plan can validate many participants' choice to resistance train in a group setting, make participants feel more accountable, encourage their participation from class to class, and provide a sense of accomplishment when goals are met and surpassed.
Exercise Unit
Many types of exercise units may be used in the program of the present invention. The exercise units used in the program of the present invention are convertible to several different configurations so that the participants can perform many different exercises on this one piece of equipment. The exercise units are also preferably durable so that they will survive repeated usage in a health club atmosphere.
In one embodiment, for example, the exercise unit used in the program of the present invention may be an adjustable-load multi-position bench unit 40 such as shown in FIG. 4. The bench unit 40 includes a frame structure, an adjustable seat bottom 44 and seat back 46 structure, variable position arm structures 48, a standing support platform 50, and a load or resistance engine 52. The cable 54 used in the system is shown in dash. The bench unit 40 is convertible to several different configurations to allow a user to perform many different exercises on this one piece of equipment. The bench unit 40 is also easily portable to allow it to be moved by the user from one location to another, such as from an active exercise area to a storage area.
The seat bottom 44 and seat back 46 structure, resistance engine, adjustable arm structure 48, and standing support platform 50 are all attached to the frame 42. The bench unit has rollers 56 at one end of the frame structure 42 to allow the bench unit to be rolled by the user to the desired position. The bench unit can also be stood on end, the same end at which the rollers are attached, to allow for efficient vertical storage of the bench. Storing the bench in a vertical orientation minimizes the floor space taken up by the bench when stored.
The seat bottom 44 and seat back 46 structure are attached to the frame 42 in a manner that allows them to be adjusted with respect to the frame. The seat bottom 44 can be adjusted from a horizontal position to an inclined position. The seat back 46 can also be adjusted from a horizontal position to an inclined position. The adjustable arms 48 can be moved to several positions in horizontal arcs along the support surface 58, from parallel to the bench unit 40 and extending toward the standing platform 50 to parallel to the bench unit and extending toward the seat.
The resistance engine 52 is attached to the frame 42 and is positioned generally below the seat bottom 44. The resistance engine extends laterally to both sides of the frame, and does not interfere with the movement of the adjustable arms 48 or the user. The resistance engine is easily adjustable to various desired constant load levels, thereby replicating a free-weight effect, and eliminates the need for adding or removing more traditional weight plates or stack plates. In addition, the resistance engine weighs much less than the load it can create for the user.
The standing support plate 50 rests on the support surface 58 and is adjustable with respect to the frame 42. The user can stand on the support plate for various exercises (typically when the arms 48 are extending parallel to the bench and toward the support plate). This helps anchor the bench 40 to the support surface during these exercises, and provides a stable and consistent area for the user to stand during these exercises.
The bench unit 40 is relatively small and is convertible to allow several different exercises, and includes an easily adjustable resistance engine 52 compactly positioned beneath the bench and out of the user's way. The bench unit 40 is further described in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/802,835 entitled "ADJUSTABLE-LOAD UNITARY MULTI-POSITION BENCH EXERCISE UNIT" filed by Lull, et al. on Mar. 8, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The wide variety of exercises that can be performed on the bench units 40 allows for each class to be tailored for its particular level, and varied throughout time as the class progresses to different levels of fitness training. The variety of exercises that can be performed also allows the instructor to customize the class to the participants' liking or the class needs, and does not rigidly require the instructor to perform only certain types of exercises due to the limited scope of the equipment. This variety of exercises is made possible with the bench unit 40, with its resistance engine that is able to provide a selective variable level of a load, and to the bench structure itself by a combination of the frame and arms to facilitate several different configurations for different exercises, i.e., parallel to the bench unit 40 and extending toward the seat.
The adjustable arms 48, for example may have multiple positions where the arm is rotated from 0 degrees, i.e., parallel to the bench unit 40 and extending toward the standing platform 50, to about 180 degrees, i.e., parallel to the bench unit 40 and extending toward the seat, along the support surface 58.
The portability and ease of storage of the bench units 40 also make this type of group program easily performed in an all purpose room. The bench units 40 can be easily moved by each participant at the beginning of class into the proper position. At the end of class, each participant can easily move their bench units 40 to a storage location, and tip them on their ends for compact storage, thus allowing the all purpose room to be used for other things, such as other exercise classes. The mobility of the bench units 40 also allow for different arrangements of the bench units 40 for class usage, depending upon the instructors desire, or the class content.
The use of the bench unit 40 also adds additional convenience because there is no special accessory equipment required, and no need to change weights or require a supply of weights for changing. Instead, the participant simply adjusts the pre-set load on the system to the desired level, swivels the arms into the proper position for the required exercise, and starts exercising. In addition, as a result of the variety of exercises and loads able to be utilized by the participant on the bench unit exercise device, the same equipment can be used from class to class for different purposes without requiring separating equipment or modifying equipment to any more extent than setting the pre-load level and the arm position on each bench. For instance, one class can be conditioning, one class can be strength and one class can be endurance one after the other without requiring any additional equipment modifications.
The group exercise program for use with the bench unit exercise devices keeps the participants motivated, the instructors motivated, and thus enhances the workout experience and financial gain of the club facilities.
During the performance of the exercise program, the instruction should focus on the proper set-up of the exercise equipment for the particular exercises to be performed, the desired resistance for the participants to be using, the technique to be used and the options for the participants to perform. The set-up of the exercise equipment, for example, may include the physical set-up of the exercise equipment, e.g., the correct bench and pulley arm positions for the exercise unit described above, and the body position on that exercise unit. The instruction should also include the resistance level that the participants should be using for a particular exercise. Although each participant may be using different resistance levels, the instruction can, at a minimum, give relative resistance levels between exercises being performed. An exercise focusing on a larger muscle group such as a squat, for example, will generally be performed with more resistance than an exercise focusing on a smaller muscle group such as a bicep curl.
In resistance training, the proper technique used in performing the exercises is critical both for the participants' safety and for their performance to continue to progress. The instruction should provide training including the technique required for proper execution of each exercise to be performed. If the participant is unable to correctly complete the expected number of repetitions for each exercise, the resistance can be lowered. Otherwise, the participant may risk injury or limit the effectiveness of the exercise by using an incorrect form or not performing the exercise over his or her full range of motion.
The instruction can also focus on stabilization during the performance of the exercises. "Stabilization," as used in this application, refers to actively engaging the muscles around a specific joint or an area of the body to control movement in that area. Stabilization establishes a base of support for that joint or area of the body during the performance of an exercise. For example, the torso, including the spine, shoulder girdle and pelvic area, can be considered the foundation of the body. Engaging the muscles around the joints in the torso to hold them in their natural and strongest position can strengthen that foundation. Depending upon the exercises performed, stabilization may be necessary in various joints throughout the body, sometimes many at the same time. Torso stabilization, for example, includes maintaining the integrity of the spine throughout movement of all parts of the body.
The program can also include various options that the participants may choose between. The program, for example, can provide a beginning, an intermediate and/or an advanced level exercise for focusing on a particular muscle group such as shown in Table 2.
Seated Triceps
Standing Triceps
Lying Triceps
Triceps Dips
Triceps Kickback
Incline Triceps
(bench support)
Bicep Curl (face
Bicep Curl (face
Lying Bicep Curl
Seated Overhead
Upright Row
Lateral Raise
Forward Raise
(single handle)
Standing Shoulder
Seated Upright Row
Torso Curl
Torso Curl (legs
Torso Curl with
Leg Extension
Reverse Curl
Lower Back
Lower Back
Low Back
Extension with
Alternatively, the program may include differing options depending upon the participants' individual training goals. For example, the program may provide different options for focusing on strength, endurance or a combination of both strength and endurance such as described above.
The Program
One possible class structure of a program is shown in FIG. 5. In this class, the instructor greets the participants in step 110. In this step, the instructor can introduce the program if necessary for new participants. For example, the instructor can introduce resistance training concepts such as the application of progressive resistance during exercise, stabilization, Natural Movement Training, etc. The instructor can also explain and/or demonstrate the proper operation of the exercise equipment and the proper performance of each exercise that the participants will be using during that particular class. Next, the participants can set up their exercise equipment so that it is ready for the first exercise such as shown in step 112. The instructor can also lead the class through a warm up routine before starting the actual workout program such as shown in step 114. The warm up can be a general warm up, such as jumping jacks, aerobic movements, squats, etc, to allow the participants to prepare both mentally and physically for the workout ahead. Preferably, the warm up should be about 5 minutes to about 7 minutes in maximum duration, and should involve the large muscle groups to elevate each of the participant's core temperature. Alternatively, or in addition, the warm up can be a more specific warm up tailored to the particular exercises the participants will be performing. A specific warm up is generally preferred because the muscles and joints can be warmed up with the mechanics that will be performed during the workout, the muscles and joints are less susceptible to injury, muscles can contract with greater intensity, and motor skills and breathing can be rehearsed before greater effort is given. Additional warm ups including extra repetitions or sets may be performed during the step 114 or during the actual workout in step 116 for muscles and/or joints that may be more susceptible to injury such as if squats or bench press exercises are to be performed. The warm up, however, should not compromise the intensity of the workout, and, if necessary, the participants may take a rest of about 30 seconds to about 4 minutes before beginning the workout sets.
During the workout, shown in step 116, the instructor can lead the participants through a series of exercises. Depending upon the participants' training goals, each exercise may include one or more sets, and each set may include one or more repetitions. In one embodiment, for example, an instructor may include three sets, including a warm up set and two workout sets, of an exercise such as a bench press. In the first set, i.e., the warm up set, the instructor may demonstrate the movement and warm up for the movement, announce the muscle or muscle groups it is targeting, ensure that all the participants have their equipment set up properly, and indicate to the participants approximately what resistance load they should be using. In the second and third sets, the instructor can leave his or her exercise equipment to assist the participants in changing the resistance load from the previous set in order to fatigue the muscle or muscle groups being used, correct the participants' technique including their body and equipment positioning, give the participants a rest such as an about 20 second to about 30 second rest in between sets, encourage simple stretches for the muscles being used, and give an indication to the participants if they should be adjusting the resistance load for the next set.
In step 118, the instructor can lead the group through a stretching and cool down routine using stretches to lengthen the muscles that were targeted during the workout including the assister and stabilizing muscles as well as the target muscles. The exercise equipment may also be used during the stretching and cool down routine 118. Preferably, the participants will stretch for at least about seven to about ten minutes.
In the closing step 120 the participants preferably return their exercise equipment to the starting position and wipe off their exercise equipment for the next group.
As discussed above, a program of the present invention may have many different designs that are tailored to the individual participants' fitness levels and training goals. For example, a possible structure of a foundation program is shown in Tables 3 and 4.
Weeks 1-4 (1-2
Weeks 4-6 (1-2
Weeks 6 + (1-2
classes per week)
classes per week)
classes per week)
Introduction to Natural
Further Introduction
All 5 of the most
Movement Training
to Natural Movement
common Natural
Movement Training
movements included
Used as options in
Used as options in
Used as advanced
subsequent weeks and
subsequent weeks and
options if needed for
advanced participants
8-10 movements in class
10-12 movements in
12 + movements in
2-3 sets of each exercise
2-3 sets of each
2-3 sets of each
12-15 repetitions per set
12-15 repetitions per
12-15 repetitions per
Reverse Lunges
Leg Extension
Calf Raise
Lunge with Leg
(lying & standing)
Squat to Calf
Lift Variations
Leg Curl (lying,
standing, kneeling)
Stationary Lunge
Hip Extension
(lying, standing,
Abduction (lying,
standing, sitting)
Adduction (lying,
standing, sitting)
Incline Chest
Flat Chest Press
Chest Press with
with torso curl
Leg Extension
Flat Chest Press
Flat Chest Press
Chest Press
Pushups (on
with Legs Up
with Torso Curl &
Flat Bench
Leg Extension
Pullover with Leg
Incline Bench
Seated Scapular
Scapular Retraction
Retraction (spine)
Seated Horizontal
Bent Over Row
Bent Over Row
Seated Triceps
Standing Triceps
Lying Triceps
Triceps Dips
Triceps Kickback
Incline Triceps
(on bench)
(bench support)
Bicep Curl (face
Bicep Curl (face
Lying Bicep Curl
Seated Overhead
Upright Row
Lateral Raise
(cross cable)
Forward Raise
(single handle)
Seated Upright
Torso Curl
Torso Curl (legs
Torso Curl with Leg
Reverse Curl
Lower Back
Lower Back
Extension with
The foundation program shown in
The number of repetitions is preferably moderate such as about 12 to about 15 repetitions per set, and about 2 to about 3 sets of each exercise being performed with short rests in between. The first set generally serves as a warm up to address proper physical execution and assess resistance needs with regard to the exercise being performed. The second set gives the participant a chance to increase the resistance, if desired, and further perfect physical execution of the movement. The third set can be used to increase resistance again or to challenge the endurance of the particular muscle while keeping the resistance constant. Fatigue may lead to difficulty in stabilization, and the participant may elect to stretch the muscles instead of performing the third set if the muscle or muscle groups involved are overly fatigued. The first and third sets are optional.
The foundation program may remain fundamentally the same even when variations are introduced. For example, variations may simply involve the substitution or addition of exercises that increase or decrease the difficulty of training a particular body part. The foundation class shown in Tables 3 and 4 is divided into three categories: basic movements, intermediate movements, and advanced movements. Combined, the moves can formulate a solid resistance training foundation. Taking into consideration the experience level of the instructor and the participants, the different levels of movement can be given as options as one exercise builds on another. The basic movements are used as the core of the foundation program shown above for the first four weeks. The intermediate movements focus on the same major muscle groups that are targeted by the basic movements but may increase in difficulty due to an increased lever length or stabilization adaptations, for example. In the foundation program shown above, the intermediate movements are introduced during weeks four to six with the basic movements being given as options. Although the same muscle groups are being challenged with the new exercises, the amount of resistance necessary to create overload may be different due to the mechanics of the new exercises. The participants preferably use lower resistance for the first set of each exercise to assess the difficulty of a new movement. The intermediate movements can continue to be used throughout the resistance training program and can be further developed in the advance movements and subsequent training. The advance movements are introduced after week six or beyond in the foundation program shown in Tables 3 and 4. The advanced movements further intensify the basic movements and require additional core stabilization techniques. A base level of resistance and fitness are preferably achieved before the advanced movements are attempted. Advanced movements can be introduced intermittently while maintaining a majority of basic and intermediate movements. Basic and intermediate movements can also continue to be given as options for the participants.
An alternative exemplary total body conditioning program format is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Total Body Conditioning Conditioning/Basic Exercise Sequence 1. Flat Bench Chest Flys 2. Squats - feet parallel 3. Standing Upper Back Row 4. Step-Ups on Bench 5. Repeat #1-4 6. Incline Bench Press 7. Plie's 8. Single Arm Rows 9. Dead Lifts on bench-Hamstrings 10. Repeat #6-9 11. Seated overhead press-shoulders 12. Standing Abduction-medial glutes 13. Standing Lateral Raises-medial delts 14. Calve Raises 15. Repeat #11-14 16. Seated Overhead Tricep extensions 17. Seated Bicep curls 18. Repeat #16-17
Table 5 shows a sequence of exercises that may be performed in an exemplary total body conditioning workout class.
Table 6 shows various upper and lower body exercises that may be performed during a class.
TABLE 6 EXERCISE MENU Upper Body Chest Fly - Flat/Incline Decline Chest Press - Flat/Incline/Decline Push-Ups Decline Push-Ups - (feet on bench) Cable Cross Over - seated/standing Upper Back Row - seated/standing Single Arm Row Bent Over Row Overhead Press - seated/standing Lateral Raise - seated/standing Front Raise - seated/standing Pullovers Shoulder Re-hab - various moves Shrugs Upright Row - Various grips Tricep Extension - seated/standing Over-head or Behind back - (elbow close) Dips on bench - all angles Tricep push-ups Bicep curls - all angles-incline too Lower Body Step-ups Hamstring Curls-standing/kneeling on bench-singles Gluteal Work-kneeling on bench Dead lifts on bench Abduction/Adduction-standing or laying on side on bench Squats w/bar in between handles-all feet positions Leg Press-seated on bench press out Plyometric options for circuit formats-utilize bench
Table 7 shows various exercises that may be performed to target specific muscle groups in the body during a class.
Flat chest press
Flat chest Fly
Incline chest press
Incline chest fly
(single arm both of these groups of exercises)
Flat lat pull-down
Single arm lat pull-down
Seated row
Standing row
Bent-over single arm row
Back extensions
Supine pullover
Prone rear delt fly
Overhead press (single or double arm)
Side raise (single or double arm)
Front raise (single or double arm)
High pull
Overhead extensions (single or double)
Nose breakers
Standing curls (single, double or alternating arms)
Preacher curls offside of bench
Incline curls
Concentration curls
Back squats/Front Squats
Lunge squats
Standing hamstring curls
Adduction/Abduction (seated and standing)
Calf raises (seated and standing)
Kickbacks for glute
TABLE 8 A. Chest Fly-Flat/InclineDecline Chest Press-Fflat/Incline/Decline Push-ups Decline Push-ups Cable Cross Over-Seated/Standing B. Step-ups on bench-alternate legs Hamstring Curls-Standing/kneeling on bench Gluteal work-kneeling on bench Dead Lifts on bench Abduction/Adduction-Standing or laying on side on bench Squats w/bar in between handles-all positions Leg Press-seated on bench press out C. Upper Back Row-Seated/Standing Single Arm Row Bent Over Row Overhead Press-Seated/Standing Lateral Raise-Seated/Standing Front Raise-Seated/Standing Pullovers-Supine on bench Shoulder re-hab-various moves Shrugs Upright Row-various grips Tricep Extension-Seated/Standing Overhead or Behind Back Dips on bench-all angles Tricep push-ups Bicep curls-all angles-incline too
Table 8 Shows groups of exercises that may be used during a workout. For example, our workout may include the following from Table 8.
Total Body Conditioning
(Super set each exercise)
Warm up (5 minutes)
Incline Bench-Upper Chest Press (3 sets 12�)
Plies (20�)
Decline Push ups (feet on bench) (2 sets)
Squats (20�)
Incline Chest Flys (3 sets 12�)
Modified Lunges (20�)
Flat Bench Press (3 sets 12�)
Standing Hamstring Curls (20�)
Seated Tricep extensions overhead (3 sets 12�)
Seated Bicep curls (3 sets 12�)
Ab series on bench and floor
Stretch and cool-down on floor
(Super set each exercise)
Warm up (5 minutes)
Standing Low Row (lats) (3 sets 12�)
Standing Leg Extension to the back-Glutes (20�)
Standing Upper Back rows (3 sets 12�)
Front Squats (20�)
One Arm Rows (3 sets 12�)
Standing Hamstring Curl (20�)
Standing Reverse Pullover (3 sets 12�)
Stiff legged Dead Lifts (30�)
Standing Tricep Overhead Extension (3 sets 12�)
Incline Bench Bicep curls (3 sets 12�)
Ab Series
Puch ups
Stretch and cool-down
Warm up (5 minutes)
Seated Overhead Shoulder Press (3 sets 12�)
Standing Leg abduction (20�)
Standing Lateral Raises (3 sets 12�)
Standing Leg adduction (20�)
Standing Upright Rows (3 sets 12�)
Straight leg dead lifts (20�)
45� Angle Lateral Raises (3 sets 12�)
Modified Lunges (20�)
Shoulder Shrugs (3 sets 12�)
Standing Leg Extension (20�)
Seated Tricep Kick backs (3 sets 12�)
Standing Preacher Curls (3 sets 12�)
Ab series
Stretch and cool-down
Warm up
Modified Lunges
Hamstring Curls
Standing Squat
Front Squat
Standing on bench
Dead lifts-hamstring
Standing Rows
Flat bench pullovers
Standing upright rows
Kneeling-one knee on bench-single arm dumbbell row
Flat bench press
Incline Bench-Press and Flys
Flat Bench Flys
Seated overhead press-Shoulders
Lateral Raises
Rear delts
Tricep extension
Abs series/stretch
TABLE 13 1. Warm up 2. Squats (20�) 3. Pullovers (15�) 4. Modified Lunges - R leg front (20�) 5. Seated Overhead Press (15�) 6. Modified Lunges - L leg front (20�) 7. Flat Bench Press - Chest Press (Place in arm position 2) 8. Take Right arm to position 3 Bring cable under bench - Standing Glute Squeeze Right Leg Back to position 2 (arms) Chest Press 9. Place left arm in position 3 - bring cable under - Standing glute squeeze left leg 10. Incline Bench-Chest Flys 11. Adjust Resistance-Place Arms in Position 1 Front Squats - (Cross Arms in front) 12. Standing Rows - (face bench) 13. Standing front raises - (face bench) 14. Keep same resistance go to position 4 Seated lateral raises (same resistance) 15. Seated rear delts 16. Adjust resistance - go to arm position 1 Seated tricep extension overhead (facing back) 17. Seated bicep curls 18. Seated Tricep kick backs 19. Bicep-Hammer curl
Tables 14-17 show various exercises that may be included in a workout listed by the arm position and bench position of the adjustable-load multi-position bench unit 40 shown in FIG. 4 and described above.
Arm Position
Bench Position
1. 0� - Position 1
Flat Bench
Chest Press
Tri-Cep Extension
Prone-Tri Cep Kick Back
Prone-shoulder series-(re-
hab/swim exercises)
Rear Delt
Standing upper back row
Standing rear delt
Standing on bench dead lift-
Side lateral raise-single arm
Front Squats-with bar
Shoulder Shrugs
Upright row
Front raise
Standing Bi-cep curl/Tri-cep
2. 45� - Position 2
Incline Bench
Chest Press
3. 90� - Position 3
Flat Bench
Chest Flys
Internal/External Rotation
Take pully under bench-stand
facing bench (All Uni-lateral)
Standing Hamstring curl
Standing Straight leg extension-
Standing leg extension-
4. 120� - Position 4
90� Bench
Seated over head press
Bi-Cep Curl-(short range of
Lateral Raise with elbows bent-
(Shorten lever)
Rotator Cuff Extension - elbows
close/(Bi-cep tendon external
Arm Position
Bench Position
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Standing Low Row
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Standing Low Row
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Forty Five Degrees
Chest Press
Forty Five Degrees
Hamstring Curl-R/L
Forty Five Degrees
Chest Fly
Forty Five Degrees
Standing Leg Ext.
Forty Five Degrees
Chest Press
Forty Five Degrees
Hamstring Curl
Forty Five Degrees
Chest Fly
Forty Five Degrees
Standing Leg Ext.
Ninety Degrees
Chest Fly
Ninety Degrees
Seated military press
Ninety Degrees
Lateral Raises
Ninety Degrees
Seated military press
Ninety Degrees
Lateral Raises
Ninety Degrees
Rear Delts
Ninety Degrees
Front Raises/Anterior
Ninety Degrees
Shoulder Shrugs
Ninety Degrees
Tricep Ext.
Ninety Degrees
Bicep Curls
Ninety Degrees
French Press-Tricep
Ninety Degrees
Bicep Curls
Arm Position
Bench Position
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Standing Row
Zero Degrees
Lunge R/L
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Single Arm Row
Zero Degrees
Glute Squeeze
Forty Five Degrees
Chest Press
Forty Five Degrees
Chest Fly
Forty Five Degrees
Leg Abd. R/L
Ninety Degrees
Chest Fly
Ninety Degrees
Military Press
Ninety Degrees
Lateral Raise
Ninety Degrees
Anterior Delt
Ninety Degrees
Tricep Ext.
Ninety Degrees
Bicep Curls
Arm Position
Bench Position
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Standing Row
Zero Degrees
Lunge R/L
Zero Degrees
Zero Degrees
Single Arm Row
Zero Degrees
Glute Squeeze
Forty Five Degrees
Chest Press
Forty Five Degrees
Chest Fly
Forty Five Degrees
Leg Abd. R/L
Ninety Degrees
Chest Fly
Ninety Degrees
Military Press
Ninety Degrees
Lateral Raise
Ninety Degrees
Anterior Delt
Ninety Degrees
Tricep Ext.
Ninety Degrees
Bicep Cursl
General Conditioning
Strength Conditioning
Endurance Conditioning
Flat Chest Fly
Hamstring Curl
Incline Chest Fly
Standing Row
Front Squats
Flat Bench
Incline Chest Press
Standing Calf raise
Supine Pullover
Prone Rear Delt fly
Single Arm Bent Over
Seated Overhead Press
Flat Bench Press
Tricep Kickbacks
Seated Rows
Single Arm Lateral
Standing Single Arm
Seated Overhead Press
High Pulls
Standing Bicep Curls
Tricep Kickbacks
Bicep Curls
Supine Tricep
Standing Hamstring
Alternating Bicep Curls
Front Squats
Incline Bicep Curls
Standing Knee
Knee Extensions
Hamstring Curls
Abjuction &
Front Squats
Calf Raises Core
Ab & Add
Calf raises
The general conditioning class can be a foundation class to prepare participants for more advanced classes or can be used as an every other day class for general training. The class uses high numbers of repetitions and light to moderate weight in order to promote muscle memory and movement pattern adaptation. For example, the general conditioning class may include:
The strength condition class can build upon the general conditioning class. The strength conditioning class will train the central nervous system to recruit high numbers of muscle fibers. More major muscle group exercises are performed with a focus on multiple joint exercises than assisting muscle group exercises. For example, the strength conditioning class may include:
The endurance conditioning class can also build upon the general conditioning class. The endurance conditioning class will extend the participants' ability to manage fatigue at high load levels by increasing capillary density and the number and size of mitochondria energy producing sites within the muscle. For example, the endurance conditioning class may include:
As an alternative to a program using individually assigned exercise units that are changed to accommodate different exercises, individual exercise units can be set up in a "circuit" for each of the different exercises to be performed. These exercise units may be arranged in generally in a circle, oval, row or some other arrangement in which the participants may move from machine to machine while performing an exercise at each exercise units. If fewer exercise units are available than the number of exercises to be performed, however, one or more of the exercise units may be used for more than one of the exercises to be performed. Preferably, the same types of resistance training exercises as described above, such as the Natural Movement Training, are used. For example, the circuit training exercise sequencing can be the same or similar to the exercise sequence in the foundation program described above except that the starting point for each participant depends upon where in the sequence he or she starts. All or a portion of the major muscle groups can be targeted. The resistance levels for the circuit training are generally less than in a standard resistance training program because endurance is usually the focus rather than strength. In the circuit training format, up to two participants per piece of exercise equipment can participate in a particular class in which one participant is resting, stretching or performing some other exercise while another participant is performing one of the exercises on the exercise equipment.
The circuit training format furthers the participants' familiarity with traditional resistance training while simultaneously challenging muscular endurance and stability. Generally, a participant performs more repetitions than in a standard resistance training format, but it is up to the participant to determine how many repetitions to perform. Each "set" may be timed such that when the time is up, the set is over and the participant moves on to the next station. Preferably, the time for a particular set can vary between about one minute and about three minutes. The number of sets the participant will perform for each specific exercise depends upon the number of times the circuit is completed in a particular class. Preferably, each participant rotates through the circuit from about one to about three times. In this embodiment, the first time through the circuit can be used as a resistance training specific warm up to address proper physical execution and to assess resistance needs for each exercise. The second time through the circuit can give the participants a chance to increase the resistance, if they desire, and to further perfect their physical execution of the movements. The third time through the circuit can be used to increase resistance again or to challenge the endurance of the particular muscle or muscle group while keeping the level of resistance constant. Again, fatigue can increase the difficulty in stabilization and a participant can elect to stretch a particular muscle or muscle group instead of performing the third set if the muscle or muscle group is particularly fatigued.
The circuit training format can also include further variations. For example, aerobic and/or rest intervals can be included between two or more of the resistance training exercises. An aerobic interval, for example, can be used to add a cardiovascular component to the workout. Aerobic conditioning may include, but is not limited to: jogging in place, plyometrics, using step benches for combinations or simply stepping up and down, jumping rope, relays or rebounders. The aerobic intervals can stay the same or change between every station. Depending upon the focus for the program, the aerobic conditioning interval can last as long as the resistance training segment, or it can be shorter or longer. Adding rest intervals allows the participants to rest between resistance exercises. Again, the rest intervals can be the same, shorter or longer than the resistance training segment depending upon the fitness level of the participants and the focus of the program. During rest periods, the participants can engage in light stretching and mobility exercises to stay warm and ready their body for the next session. The resting person can also serve as a motivator for the person performing the resistance training exercise.
Each of the representatives 210 is responsible for training and certifying individual instructors within that representative's region. The representatives' regions may be divided among different geographic regions 220 such as shown in
The representatives 210 are also responsible for continuing education 240 of the certified instructors in the representatives' individual regions. The continuing education may include periodic training and workshops for the certified instructors at the individual clubs, instructor conventions and conferences, and off-site training facilities. The continuing education training and workshops, for example may include more advanced instruction skills, new class formats, new resistance exercise training techniques, and other methods to keep the program fresh and exciting to the participants. The representatives 210 and/or the company 200 can publish periodic newsletters with course design suggestions, calendars of upcoming events, new accessories, etc.
The representatives 210 also play the role of a market tester by being sensitive to the individual needs and desired changes of the individual clubs and instructors within the representatives' individual regions. The representatives receive feedback 250 from their certification training, continuing education courses and/or personal visits to the clubs to observe the program classes 260 and organization at the club level, and communicate this information back to the company 200 for the continuous improvement of the company's products and services. Thus, the overall system of coordinating the group exercise program is continuously refined and improved based on the feedback from the clubs and instructors as well as the individual participants.
The company 200 selects the representatives 210 based on their abilities to teach, train and sell the program to the clubs. For example, the representatives 210 preferably are certified through ACE, AFAA, ACSM or a University equivalent, are an energetic, dynamic leader in the fitness industry, have a positive self-esteem with a strong work ethic, are dedicated to being the best, are assertive, goal-oriented, convincing individuals who are pro-active in closing a deal, team players who others enjoy and want to work with, are creative, innovative fitness professionals who can arrange events to be successful, have effective organizational skills, and have the ability to travel.
The emphasis of the organization of the group exercise program is to enhance the experience of the certified instructors teaching the program in the individual clubs, as well as providing individual training with emphasis on proper form and technique to the individual participants. By certifying individual instructors in the program, the company 200 can ensure that the participants in each of the participating clubs receive the proper instruction and safety as well as the enjoyment that comes from participating in a well organized class. Minimum certification requirements are preferably required across each of the regions. Minimum certification requirements, for example, may include preparing by reading and understanding preparation materials including required background information, participating in a full day, 8-hour training course and passing a written and practical certification test. The training course, for example, may include training on the exercise unit to be used in the programs the particular instructor will be teaching, team building drills and exercises, preparation of individual classes and entire programs, understanding the benefits of resistance training, safety, instructional techniques, basic resistance training movements and terminology, class organization, music suggestions, sequencing of exercises within individual classes and programs, and how to execute a resistance test/load evaluation.
The organization provides a turn key program for club owners that may design their own variations of group exercise programs in order to distinguish themselves from other clubs. For example, a particular club may offer resistance training exercise programs designed for all fitness levels such as foundation programs, full-body conditioning programs, strength-specific programs, endurance-specific programs, balance and stability specific programs as well as individual sport-specific exercise programs that utilize particular exercises to enhance a participants performance in one or more specific sports. The programs can focus on individualized attention, and proper form and technique.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments outlined above, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the preferred embodiments of the invention are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
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|May 1, 2008
|Gary Considine
|Impact-sensing and measurement systems, methods for using same and related business methods
|Feb 20, 2009
|Jun 25, 2009
|Bocchicchio Vincent J
|Resistance exercise method and system
|Oct 6, 2009
|Jan 28, 2010
|Bocchicchio Vincent J
|Resistance exercise method and system
|May 8, 2010
|Nov 18, 2010
|Kipton William Dunn
|Resistance apparatus
|Oct 19, 2010
|Feb 17, 2011
|Nautilus, Inc.
|Exercise device
|Sep 21, 2010
|Mar 24, 2011
|501Fit Studios Llc
|Group exercise program utilizing free weight, machine fitness accessory and body movement exercise combination
|U.S. Classification
|482/8, 482/51, 482/900, 482/57
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 19, 2001
Owner name: SCHWINN CYCLING & FITNESS INC., COLORADO
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Effective date: 20011019
|Nov 13, 2001
Owner name: NAUTILUS, INC., WASHINGTON
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Effective date: 20010920
|Oct 15, 2002
Owner name: NAUTILUS, INC., COLORADO
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Effective date: 20010920
|Dec 19, 2002
Owner name: NANTILUS, INC., COLORADO
Free format text: QUITCLAIM ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSFER;ASSIGNOR:SCHWINN CYCLING & FITNESS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:013311/0248
Effective date: 20021016
|May 15, 2007
|Certificate of correction
|Nov 13, 2007
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, WA
Free format text: NOTICE OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NAUTILUS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020098/0682
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Free format text: NOTICE OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NAUTILUS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020098/0682
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|Feb 19, 2008
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:NAUTILUS, INC.;DASHAMERICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020525/0445
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Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,CALIFORNIA
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|Feb 3, 2010
Owner name: NAUTILUS, INC.,WASHINGTON
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|Mar 19, 2010
Owner name: BANK OF THE WEST,OREGON
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Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:NAUTILUS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024103/0691
Effective date: 20100305
|Aug 18, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 24, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 13, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 5, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150313
|Dec 7, 2015
Owner name: NAUTILUS, INC., WASHINGTON
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF THE WEST;REEL/FRAME:037231/0613
Effective date: 20151130


text:
If you are not 100% satisfied with your purchase, you can return your order to the warehouse for a full refund (Bottles must be unopened, in the state you received them, and in the original packaging). We believe that in order to have the best possible online shopping experience, our customers should not have to pay for domestic return shipping. So if you're not happy with your purchase, just contact us right away and we will provide you with details for returning the unopened bottles - your domestic shipping costs are prepaid by us.
With the WineChateau.com 365 day return policy, there are no special catches or exceptions. All we ask is that you send the items back to us in the original packaging, unopened, and in the same condition you received them.
Have questions? Prefer to order by Phone? The Wine Chateau Customer Loyalty Team (WCCLT) is happy to help!
Call WCCLT Monday - Friday 10am - 7pm EST:
1-888-423-8079 or
Email Wine Chateau Customer Loyalty Team
Penfolds RWT Shiraz presents an admirable alternative to the multi-regionalsourcing and American oak maturation that are hallmarks of Grange,expressing instead, single-region Barossa Valley Shiraz matured in Frenchoak barriques. The initials RWT stand for 'Red Winemaking Trial', the namegiven to the project internally when developmental work began in 1995.RWT Shiraz was launched in May 2000 with the 1997 vintage. Its style isopulent and fleshy, contrasting with Grange, which is more muscular andassertive. RWT is made from fruit primarily selected for its aromatic qualitiesand fine texture rather than sheer intensity or power of flavour. The result isa wine that helps to redefine Barossa Shiraz at the highest quality level.
Duck, red curry 'ice cream', split rice porridge, lychee, tamarind and pineappleRabbit, pork and duck terrineCassoulet
Food Pairing
Duck, red curry 'ice cream', split rice porridge, lychee, tamarind and pineappleRabbit, pork and duck terrineCassoulet

subset: commoncrawl


text: Fight back against the chilly weather in the Nike® Men's KO 3.0 Hoodie. This pullover is made from lightweight, durable Therma-FIT® fabric that keeps you warm and insulated, while the brushed interior fabric ensures ultra-soft comfort. Its sleek design includes a mesh-lined hood for ventilated coverage and a kangaroo pocket that doubles for storage and hand protection. Stay cozy while looking sleek in the Nike® KO 3.0 hoodie. Features Bridgton Academy and the paw logo. Available in black or anthracite.


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Network: South' started by GriffinLawnService, Aug 31, 2006.
How could I help you, richardcog?
How is everyone? I'm cutting already!
Not at all from your great state, but I am drawing a design for someone that lives outside of Hattiesburg. My question would be what is the best nursery to purchase from in the area... I want to just hand them a packet with everything they need to know, including who to buy from.
How big is the job?
Posted via Mobile Device
pretty small of a job. I see it being about x3 15gallon, x15 7gallon, x1 tree and a few flats of ground cover.
Lauderdale County represented here.
Northwest Ms here Desoto county mostly
Looking to sell 200 accounts in Gulfport , Biloxi, And Ocean Springs area
I guess this thread really did die. Tylertown MS Here.
rankin county.


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By Olivia Barker, USA TODAY
Some stars are shielding their faces with netting and lace, a look typically associated with coquettes from the '30s (take Drew Barrymore channeling her Grey Gardens character Little Edie Beale in the spring), matrons in mourning and meetings with the Pope (think of Michelle Obama draped in black lace this summer at the Vatican).
ON PEOPLE.COM: What was Lady Gaga's most outrageous outfit at the VMAs?
USA TODAY uncovers the trend. Click through the gallery at the top of the page, then leave your comments below.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


text:
9422 Treetop, Galesburg 49053
See more homes for sale in Galesburg, MI
This property has been Sold!
07/29/2016 at $179,900
Welcome home to 9422 Treetop in beautiful Galesburg, MI! This two story traditional home with 3 bedrooms and 3.5 baths in the Gull Lake School District, is just what you've been looking for! There is plenty of room to stretch out and you will feel right at home as you relax in the large and spacious living room. Enjoy entertaining with the seamless access from room to room. The dining room is a great spot to sit and enjoy your next meal, with the kitchen just steps away. In the kitchen, cabinetry and counter top space abound, and a window over the sink provides plenty of natural sunlight. Black and stainless steel appliances are available and provide functionality and ease of use! In the family room, a brick fireplace is front and center and will be much appreciated on chilly evenings...
Property Information
- Status
- Sold
- Address
- 9422 Treetop
- City
- Galesburg
- Zip
- 49053
- County
- Kalamazoo
- Township
- Comstock Twp
- Total Finished SqFt
- 2,229
- Above Grade SqFt
- 1,752
- Garage Desc.
- 2, Attached
- Water
- Well
- Sewer
- Septic System
- Year Built
- 1978
- Taxes
- $2,416
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 2nd Floor
- Bedroom2
- 2nd Floor
- Bedroom3
- 2nd Floor
- Bath
- 2nd Floor
- Dining
- 1st Floor
- Family
- 1st Floor
- FormalDining
- 1st Floor
- Kitchen
- 1st Floor
- Laundry
- Lower Floor
- Living
- 1st Floor
- Rec
- Lower Floor
- Basement
- Full Basement
- Cooling
- Central
- Heating
- Heat Pump, Natural Gas
- Acreage
- 0.56
- Lot Dimensions
- 90x236
- Appliances
- Dishwasher, Dryer, Microwave, Range, Refrigerator, Washer
- Fireplace Desc.
- Family, Wood
- Features
- Attic Fan, Ceiling Fans, Ceramic Floor, Garage Door Opener, Humidifier, Water Softener/Owned
- Exterior Materials
- Aluminum, Brick
- Exterior Features
- Deck(s), Scrn Porch
Listing Video for 9422 Treetop, Galesburg MI 49053
Mortgage Calculator
Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Keller Williams Kalamazoo Market Center
Office Address 653 Romence Rd
Listing Agent Matthew Mulder
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 9422 Treetop, Galesburg MI 49053. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Galesburg, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Galesburg, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Galesburg, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Galesburg, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
All information deemed materially reliable but not guaranteed. Interested parties are encouraged to verify all information. Copyright© 2017 MichRIC LLC, All rights reserved.


text:
In order to set remuneration for our staff, we take into consideration factors such as the complexity of their duties, the individual's professional performance and compatibility with salaries elsewhere in the market, established by means of periodically executed surveys. Our Brazil-based employees and their dependents are covered by a health plan that includes doctor's visits, therapies, laboratory tests and unlimited hospital stays, in compliance with current legislation. Other benefits include: dental insurance, food and transportation allowances, day care and drug store discounts, 180 days of maternity leave, aid for the parents of children with disabilities, life insurance and a pension plan, among others.
A Our Promotion and Salaries plan enables individual employees to view their careers and perspectives for development and professional growth in the company. Fixed remuneration is set based on the local realities of the labor market and is reflected in salary scales that attribute a relative value to positions within the company. Fixed remuneration within the company is established on a country-by-country basis.
Variable remuneration is linked to the company's results, as well as those of the employees themselves. These results are measured periodically based on a planning process carried out and agreed upon between the company and its employees. Variable remuneration aligns individual objectives with those of the company and represents a true system of partnership and sharing of the wealth generated that encourages everybody to exceed their targets
We offer all employees and their dependents a broad benefits package that follows - and, in some cases, surpasses best - market practices
* Programs and benefits applicable only to employees that work at Embraer units in Brazil.
Copyright 2011 Embraer SA.


text:
The process of job hunting simplified with a number of job portals and other resources offering 24/7 access to job opportunities to eager jobseekers. Searching online for jobs is something more and more are finding it easy to do.It's a great way to find jobs offered all over the world and apply for them even if you are in another part of the world.
And now with jobs that you can conveniently do with the help of online platform, many have suitable work options. With the different options to make money online, no matter what the qualification is, people have jobs that match their skills. Thanks to the online job search, income generation and getting right jobs for the skills has immensely benefitted jobseekers.
The Thirst for finding Online Job profiles
If you are looking for most searched online jobs in 2014,it is important for you to understand why people have great thirst for online jobs. With the business of websites offering a plethora of opportunities, creation of job options online have grown.
All businesses now have an online marketing strategy, newer careers are here. And, today many people prefer working online for different reasons. The convenience they have to work at home makes them choose jobs they are familiar with. Also, online jobs that are available to all are easy to learn and do.
Benefits of taking up Online Job opportunities
Professionals involved in online job enjoy several advantages.
- Working is highly flexible
- You can work 24/7
- You can enjoy the comfort of your home
- You can work as you wish by picking up selected jobs
- You do not have any limitations and targets to meet
- Payments are prompt and highly secured
- You have the freeness of mind to work and take care of all activities at home
- You get enough time to spend with family
- It gives you great opportunity to learn new things
What can of Online Jobs are tops preferences
Online jobs are diverse and you can access any job of your choice in any sector. However, there are certain jobs that are always at the top of people's preferences.
Writing jobs
Today, all businesses have come up online and websites look for best content writers. Writing jobs include writing content for websites, writing articles and blog posts, press releases, newsletters, reviews and ads. Jobseekers who offer writing post ads in different classifieds and have the availability listed to different online portals and websites. It is interesting and writing can involve technical writing, academic writing which includes papers, assignments, course works, essays and many more, writing for marketing activities and a lot more. People look out different freelancing websites for writing jobs and share their written samples to get online jobs easily.
Data entry jobs
Data entry jobs are looked up by most of the home makers these days. They find it easier and people who have knowledge in typing and computers prefer to choose these jobs and they search online for data entry projects.
Survey jobs
Surveying jobs are really interesting. People take up online surveys and get paid for their participation. Companies that take surveys offer chances to people who sign up to websites for availability.
Marketing jobs
The job opportunities in marketing are multifold. People search online websites for marketing jobs that vary from simple marketing to various online marketing approaches include search engine optimization techniques, social networking and many more. If you have the knowledge about online marketing, you have great fortunes to make regular income.
Reviewing jobs
People have opening as reviews to review websites and services and products offered by businesses. Writing reviews about products and services and also checking out websites on a regular basis gives people best options to send their free time and make an income. People who are interested in research and analysis look for these jobs online.
Teaching jobs
These days, online teaching and learning has become very common. People who wish to teach or have experience in teaching sign up to websites with their teaching videos. The options are many and it is much interesting.
All money tips are available for all kinds of professionals. Even people who are employed full time can chose online jobs for part time working in their free time.


text:
Read More»
Condition: Standard
DustJacket: Standard
All Product Details
House of Meetings is a love story, gothic in timbre and triangular in shape. In 1946, two brothers and a Jewish girl fall into alignment in pogrom-poised Moscow. The fraternal conflict then marinates in Norlag, a slave-labor camp above the Arctic Circle, where a tryst in the coveted House of Meetings will haunt all three lovers long after the brothers are released. And for the narrator, the sole survivor, the reverberations continue into the new century.
Harrowing, endlessly surprising, epic in breadth yet intensely intimate, House of Meetings reveals once again that "Amis is a stone-solid genius...a dazzling star of wit and insight" (The Wall Street Journal).


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While Governor Huckabee has prayed about a potential 2012 presidential bid, his grassroots supporters have started to mobilize. Some of the recent national media articles about the grassroots movement have helped to fill a natural void until he decides whether to run or not. The grassroots supporters are enthusiastically sharing his positive vision for America and building momentum toward a possible presidential campaign.
Stuck On Huck has announced an exciting grassroots event Saturday, June 4th in Des Moines Iowa - the Stuck On Huck Pledge Vote Rally. We will be inviting high profile celebrities, musicians and politicians to attend or provide a video showing support for Huckabee. Future Huckabee voters will be invited to travel to Des Moines and sign a "Pledge Vote" supporting Mike Huckabee.
Let us know why you are "Stuck On Huck" - submit a short video as a video reply at www.HuckVideo.com - we will be selecting videos to share online and play at the June 4th event.
The June 4th rally will also be a nationwide event with a live online streaming of the Des Moines meeting with simultaneous "Virtual House Party" gatherings in all 50 states. This will serve to fan the flames of passionate voters across the nation on the eve of the season when Huckabee will decide to run or not for president.
Pledge to attend this event and learn more at www.HuckRally.com.
The rally will be held at the American Institute of Business College ( 2500 Fleur Drive, Des Moines, Iowa 50321 ) on Saturday June 4th, 2011 from 2-4 p.m.
Our goal is to have 10,000 Facebook friends invited by supporters who are Stuck On Huck. Learn can learn more about the rally at HuckRally.com - which is also the Facebook event page where you can easily invite your friends.
We are putting out the challenge for our "Invitathon" during the month of May - It's truly a "May Day" call to mobilize support for Mike Huckabee. Share this landing page site with friends and family with this web address - Invitathon.com.
Stuck on Huck Contacts
Dave Davidson / firstname.lastname@example.com / 515 205-4322
Dan Davidson / email@example.com / 540 353-5669
Randy Davis / firstname.lastname@example.com / 641 680-2997


text:
Ever Feel Like You've Been Fucked?
New Feederz record out soon on Slope Records
Our FIRST little gift to you motherfucker…
The FEEDERZ are coming out with a new record! The release announcement was scheduled on January 20th, 2017 to coincide with the day the village idiot will be inaugurated as the leader of the most powerful country in the world.
When an undeniably utterly corrupt moron and monster can become the leader of the most powerful nation in the world, it becomes painfully obvious the world's governments are nothing but a joke. It has become impossible to take the government of the United States, or any other government for that matter, seriously any longer. In fact, "illegitimate" is the one word that best defines the social/political miasma in the United States and the world today. I certainly hope they aren't expecting people to pay taxes or to participate in any way in this scandal. If the leader of the 'free world' (can anyone say these words without laughing?) hasn't paid taxes in ten years, then… Why oh why should we?
Now more than ever, it becomes apparent that there is only one thing more ridiculous than having an insurrection …not having one.


text:
IRVING, Texas (AP) Even on the day the Dallas Cowboys make Terrell Owens happy, they're still facing drama surrounding a receiver.
This time, it's Terry Glenn.
After a new conference announcing Owens' contract extension, team owner Jerry Jones said Tuesday that Glenn failed a physical after the season and still hasn't passed it because of problems with the right knee that was operated on twice last season.
Jones wants Glenn to agree to accept a $500,000 injury settlement if he can't play this season. His base salary is $1.74 million.
"It would surprise me if everything doesn't get worked out," Jones said.
Glenn played only in the regular season finale last season, but didn't catch any passes. He had two catches in Dallas' only playoff game.
"I paid him $5 million last year and we got four plays," Jones said.
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


text:
Zuora University is the one-stop training solution to help you and your team learn Zuora. With over 50 hours of self-paced courses and monthly virtual instructor-led webinars, Zuora University prepares you for implementation, keeps you up-to-date on new product features, and helps you build expertise within Zuora Billing, Payment, Finance and Reporting.
We offer two types of subscriptions to training: Full Access and Role-Based Access. Skim the offerings below, then get in touch with us at firstname.lastname@example.com to get started.
Full Subscription
A full-access subscription includes all self-paced courses, virtual instructor led training, and tests. Options align to your edition of Zuora:
Role-Based Subscription
Role-based subscription includes self-paced courses, virtual instructor led training, and tests relevant to a specific role. Roles available:


text:
Wang, Krishna, and McFerran studied how consumers' environmentally responsible behavior is affected by the actions of organizations. They report that "Firms can save considerable money if consumers conserve resources (e.g., if hotel patrons turn off the lights when leaving the room, restaurants patrons use fewer paper napkins, or airline passengers clean up after themselves)." Data gathered "in real-world hotels . . . show that consumers' conservation behavior is affected by the extent to which consumers perceive the firm as being green. . . . consumer perceptions of firms' greenness and consumer conservation behavior depend on (a) whether the firm requests them to conserve resources, (b) the firm's own commitment to the environment, and (c) the firm's price image. . . . firm requests to consumers to save resources can create consumer reactance [resistance] and can backfire when firms themselves do not engage in visible costly environmental efforts. Such reactance is more likely for firms with a high price image. . . . by spending a little money to signal environmental commitment, firms can save even more money through consumers' conservation of resources, resulting in wins for the firm, the consumer, and the environment."
Wenbo Wang, Aradhna Krishna, and Brent McFerran. "Turning Off the Lights: Consumers' Environmental Efforts Depend on Visible Efforts of Firms." Journal of Marketing Research, in press.