text:
Grossman struggles again, Bears still clinch division titleDec 3, 2006 - 10:07 PM CHICAGO (Ticker) -- Even in a time of celebration, Rex Grossman caused some more angst in the Windy City
Grossman completed just six passes and was intercepted three times, but another strong defensive performance and another touchdown on a punt return by rookie Devin Hester carried the Chicago Bears to a 23-13 victory over the Minnesota Vikings in a sloppy affair that featured 10 turnovers.
The win enabled the Bears (10-2) to clinch their second straight NFC North title under coach Lovie Smith.
The sellout crowd at frigid Soldier Field cheered heartily for the defense, but is clearly losing patience with Grossman, who has started every game and appears to be regressing.
Grossman completed just 6-of-19 passes for 34 yards and his three interceptions raised his total to 14 in Chicago's last seven games.
"I know the fans' frustration, but I have pretty thick skin," Grossman said. "I am just thinking too much. I am analyzing too much, rather than just going out there and playing."
Smith continues to stand behind Grossman, who was booed for most of the second half.
"Rex Grossman is our quarterback," Smith said. "We're 10-2 and we won the division with Rex at quarterback. But we still have a lot to do as a team."
Fortunately for Grossman, the Bears intercepted Brad Johnson four times and recorded five turnovers for the second straight week. Five turnovers forced by the defense last Sunday was not good enough in a 17-13 loss at New England since Grossman committed four turnovers - three interceptions and a fumbled snap.
Chicago managed a total of six first downs and 107 yards against the Vikings (5-7). Hester topped that on his own with 138 yards on kick returns.
The big one came when Hester fielded a bouncing punt and somehow eluded four Vikings who appeared to be on top of him, reversed to the left side and raced 45 yards for a touchdown with 12:20 left in the second quarter, giving the Bears a 7-0 lead.
"The return was set up to the left," Hester said. "The wind held the ball up. I hesitated to the right, then cut back to the left. The team set up a wall in the middle and I ran for it."
It was the fourth touchdown return for Hester, tying an NFL record. He set a club record with his third score on a punt return and his other touchdown came when he ran back a missed field goal 108 yards for a score in a November 12 game against the New York Giants.
The Bears' defense accounted for a touchdown and a safety. It also set up the only touchdown by the offense.
Nickel back Ricky Manning Jr. returned an interception 54 yards for a score with 4:33 left in the third quarter and safety Chris Harris and defensive tackle Tank Johnson tackled running back Ciatrick Fason for a safety 1:01 into the fourth quarter.
Chicago's only score on offense came after linebacker Brian Urlacher intercepted a pass by Brad Johnson and returned it two yards to the Minnesota 33. Four plays later, Cedric Benson scored on a 24-yard run with 3:04 remaining in the third quarter.
The pass to Urlacher was the last one by Brad Johnson, who was yanked by coach Brad Childress after completing just 11-of-26 for 73 yards with four interceptions.
"You'd have to ask him if he (Johnson) was bothered by the cold weather," Childress said when asked if the 19 degree weather with a wind chill in single digits affected the quarterbacks. "I just felt like we were making too many mistakes and needed to make a change to turn the momentum."
Brooks Bollinger replaced Johnson and directed an 11-play, 89-yard drive which Fason capped with a four-yard touchdown run with 5:40 left in the game.
Bollinger was 7-of-9 for 70 yards, but left on Minnesota's next possession after being sacked by defensive end Adewale Ogunleye.
Rookie Tarvaris Jackson finished up for the Vikings, completing 3-of-4 passes for 35 yards.
Chester Taylor rushed for 99 yards on 17 carries for the Vikings before leaving with a rib injury. Signed as a free agent in the offseason, Taylor has rushed for 1,098 yards.
A 42-yard run by Taylor set up a 23-yard field goal by Ryan Longwell with 8:54 left in the second quarter. Longwell added a 30-yarder with 10:07 remaining in the third quarter to pull Minnesota within 7-6.
Grossman was picked off twice in the first half and his first attempt of the third quarter was intercepted by linebacker Ben Leber at the Chicago 36.
But the Vikings didn't take advantage. Johnson threw a pass that went off the hands of tight end Jeff Dugan and into the arms of linebacker Lance Briggs.
"We had chances and left points on the field," Childress said. "You don't get those back. We just made too many mistakes."
Manning, who had served a one-game suspension for violating the league's personal conduct policy, turned his team-leading fifth interception of the season into a 54-yard touchdown.
After the ensuing kickoff, Urlacher recorded his interception.
Rookie Danieal Manning had the other interception for the Bears and linebacker Hunter Hillenmeyer recovered a fumble.
"Our defense took over the game," Smith said. "We lead the league in turnovers forced (39) and we have been consistent from day one."
Leber, cornerback Antoine Winfield and linebacker Napolean Harris had interceptions for the Vikings.
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- Minnesota businessman Wheelock Whitney Jr. dies May 20
- Veteran departures pave way for duo in Bears rookie camp May 13
- Vikings sign 1st-round draft pick WR Laquon Treadwell May 12
- Eagles hire Joe Douglas, Andy Weidl to lead personnel staff May 12
- Vikings sign former Augustana RB C.J. Ham May 10
- Lions acquire Patriots LB Jon Bostic for conditional pick May 9
- Hey, rook: The Vikings don't have that much room for you May 6
- Indianapolis Colts sign 4th-round pick Antonio Morrison May 6
- Vikings sign 6 more draft picks; only Treadwell unsigned May 6
- Adrian Peterson donating $100K to flood relief in hometown May 4
- Vikings decline 5th-year option on WR Cordarrelle Patterson May 2
- Vikings undrafted rookies include Cockran, Stave May 2


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Free $10 gift card from ToysRUs/BabiesRUs when you spend $40 or more In store only. Get yours HERE
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text:
The MLT is new, however, millions of women have now enjoyed the benefits of this local, easy, nonsystemic treatment of vaginal atrophy. There is no evidence, not any logic to thinking it could cause cancer.
Had 2 gynecologists tell me since the Mona Lisa is new and not done a lot of women there's concerns that it could cause cancer?
Doctor Answers 9
MLT and cancer
Not realistic
Fractionated CO2 laser has been used cosmetically for a many many years with no data at all to suggest that it would increase the risk of cancer. I don't think this is a realistic concern.
Does the MonaLisa Touch cause Cancer?
I would ask your gynecologist if she had any information on research to back her statement. MonaLisa Touch has been used effectively in Europe for many years without any concern of cancer. There are multiple studies available--one being by Dr. Eric Sokol at Stanford University Medical Center. CO2 Lasers are used as a treatment for cancer of the cervix and vulva at many top cancer centers in the U.S. and the rest of the world.MonaLisa Touch is safe and very effective for vaginal dryness and reduces mild incontinence. It's wise of you to look for further information then just taking your doctor at her/his word. I hope you find what you are looking for.
You might also like...
Some Gynecologist may have never heard of the Mona Lisa!
BS that I find it very hard to believe
Learn more: http://www.lvr-nj.com
Does the MonaLisa Touch Laser cause cancer?
In a word "NO". The science behind CO2 fractional therapy has been around for decades. It has been in use in the vagina for several years now. Elegant pathology was performed by Dr Golgi in Milan. There are peer reviewed papers showing the mechanism of action and outcomes. I would urge your doctors to look into the literature. I use it in my breast cancer survivor patients as an excellent alternative to vaginal estrogens.
MonaLisa Touch Does NOT Cause Cancer
MonaLisa Touch laser therapy does NOT cause cancer. In fact, it is actually a treatment which is ideal for many cancer survivors, especially breast cancer survivors. MonaLisa Touch treats vaginal atrophy, which occurs in all women as they age and worsens over time. Vaginal atrophy can cause painful intercourse, vaginal dryness and burning, as well as urinary urgency. There are no risks whatsoever- there has never been significant complications like burns or tissue damage. Cheers!
New? dangerous? cancer causing?
MonaLisa Touch
CO2 laser has been used for medical purposes for over twenty years, and has been used to treat pre-cancerous cells. The MonaLisa Touch came into development applying the technology learned from prior experience to vaginal tissue in 2008. The MonaLisa Touch has been used since 2012 in Italy and their studies have been published. The technology has been approved for gynecological use since 2014. The respected academic Gynecologist in our field, Dr. Karram, learned about this technology from his Urogyn colleagues from Italy, and introduced the MonaLisa Touch to America. His studies has mirrored the results from Italy. Over 20,000 women have been treated worldwide. There will always be early adopters and late adopters in terms of treatment modalities. It is always a good idea to hear all opinions, and I encourage you to find an innovative Gynecologist that offers the MonaLisa Touch for a consult to see if this treatment can improve your symptoms.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


text:
Fidelity Guarantee Insurance from HDFC ERGO
Business is meant to be a fair business, but frauds and dishonesty in contractual obligations are a reality of the business world.
Read more
Product Liability Insurance to Protect against Risks Related to Products -HDFC ERGO
Risks go hand-in-hand with businesses. Some risks are common to all businesses, but there are those risks that are specific to manufacturing of products.
© 2008 HDFC ERGO General Insurance Company Limited. All Rights Reserved. Reg office: 1st Floor, HDFC House, 165 - 166 Backbay Reclamation, H. T. Parekh Marg, Churchgate, Mumbai – 400 020. IRDAI Registration Number : 125. For more details on the risk factors, term and conditions please read the sales brochure carefully before concluding the sale. Service tax and education cess will be charged extra as per applicable rates. Tax benefits are as per the Income Tax Act, 1961, and are subject to amendments made thereto from time to time Trade Logo displayed above belongs to HDFC LTD and ERGO International AG and used by HDFC ERGO General Insurance Company under license. CIN : U66010MH2002PLC134869.


text:
When we think of festival trends we tend to think of California and Coachella – but there is so much more cool style the world has to offer. When we think of Korea and music festivals we automatically think of K-Pop and the bright futuristic feel it has – but it is not alway like that it also has cool refined elements of course, with a bit of their signature flair.
South Korea always seems so ahead of the times when it come to style and are actually a major player on the world stage. Let's take a look at the two main trends from this season's festival season.
Elevated Sandals
Although a bit of a platform is usually seen as a bit more feminine, men, woman and children are wearing this style alike. If there is one takeaway form this – it's that Koreans do not shy away form androgynous styles
Fancy Sneakers
Fancy sneakers are a must have – not only for Koreans. They have made their way from being seen as a predominately casual or athletic shoe to being a well respected statement piece with a nice outfit.
Photos via WGSN


text:
nice collection
hehe travelling rulz..
wow lota tickets. you travell a lot . you should have write in discription " this is the proof , how much I travell"
very nice, dif. i like the idea
che viaggiatore che sei!
thank you!
yes, they r my tickets!
yes, they r my tickets!
this is a cool picture, very different. i like the composition very much! are these all your tickets?? If so, wow, you travel a lot!!


text:
Scott may refer to:
- Scott, a Manticoran nobleman.
- Scott MacDallan, a Manticoran physician native to Sphinx.
- Scott Smith, a warrant officer of the Royal Manticoran Navy.
- Scott Zrubek, an officer of the Republic of Haven Navy.
|This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.


text:
+91-11-45679615Post Your Requirement
Description :
Once you arrive at the Kuala Lumpur airport, meet our tour representative who helps you with an assisted transfer to the Genting Highlands. En-route, take a halt to explore the Batu Caves. Discovered way back in 1892, this cluster of 3 main caves and other small caves, is a religious site for the Hindus in Malaysia. The entrance of these limestone caves has a huge statue of Lord Murgan. Later, arrive in Genting and complete the check-in formalities, followed by a ride in the cable car (Genting Skyway). Enjoy this enthralling ride, offering great views of the surroundings. Next is a visit to the Genting Indoor theme park. An amazing place filled with fun and adventure, this park has a gaming arcade, several rides, safari jeep adventure and much more. Overnight stay.
Description :
On the day of the tour, have your breakfast and get transferred to Kuala Lumpur. As you reach the federal capital of Malaysia, complete the check-in formalities at your pre-booked hotel. The rest of the day is free for you to indulge in the activities of your interest. Famed as Asia's Green Capital, this city is dotted with several attractions. You can visit the main attractions, can relish sumptuous local food, can interact with the locals, can absorb the myriad of sights and sounds etc. Stay overnight in Kuala Lumpur.
Description :
The day of the tour is for exploring the city by partaking in sightseeing. Some of the main tourist attractions are Petronas Towers, Menara KL Tower, Chinatown, Thean Hou Temple, Royal Selangor Pewter Factory and Visitor Centre, Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Putrajaya Bridge, Bukit Bintang, Islamic Arts Museum and so on. Overnight stay in Kuala Lumpur.
Description :
Today is the day of the tour. Have your breakfast. Now, you are free for indulging in personal activities. Enjoy a leisure walk around your hotel. You can also visit the local markets, possibly Central Market, to shop for gifts and souvenirs for your loved ones back home. Get an assisted transfer to the airport to go-aboard your scheduled flight for your onward destination.
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text:
At the beginning of every calendar year, the Board of Supervisors updates and adopts its Legislative Priorities. These priorities are provided to the County's two legislative advocacy firms, which advocate on the County's behalf at the State and Federal levels. The County does not maintain any lobbyist staff positions; but elected officials and department heads often assist the Board in requesting, supporting or opposing legislation based on these priorities.
State of California issues and concerns: Shaw/Yoder/Antwih, Inc. - Annual contract $36,000
In addition, Nevada County is a member of three county associations that advocate on behalf of their members:
County representative for 2016: District 2 Supervisor Ed Scofield
County representative for 2016: District 1 Supervisor Nate Beason
County representative for 2016: Supervisor Nate Beason


text:
If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
Learn more about our returns policy
Description: REA's AP European History Test Prep For Students Serious About Scoring a 5! If you're serious about getting a 5 on your AP European History exam, then you need REA's AP European History test prep! REA's AP European History test prep includes a comprehensive review of every AP European History exam topic from the Renaissance to present day, including religious reformations, European wars, changes in government, and more! Each detailed review chapter contains in-depth historical timelines that help you study smarter and boost your AP score! The book features four full-length practice exams with detailed explanations of answers.The practice tests are composed of every type of question that can be expected on the actual AP European History exam, so you can "practice for real" and target your strengths and weaknesses before the test. Our interactive TestWare includesthree of the book's practice tests on CD-ROM in a timed format with automatic scoring and instant feedback that simulate test-day conditions. After building your European History knowledge, follow up with REA's proven test-taking strategies and a study schedule that gets you ready for exam day! REA has helped more than a million students succeed on their AP exams! Teachers across the country consider our AP titles to be invaluable resources and consistently recommend our books to their students. Our high-quality test preps are authored by AP experts who have mastered the exam content and teach the course.
Limited time offer:
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All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.
List price: $29.95Publisher: Research & Education AssociationPublication date: 2/9/2009Binding: PaperbackPages: 640Size: 6.75" wide x 10.00" long x 2.00" tall Weight: 1.848Language: English
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text:
Y'know, we all have at least one song that does that - last so long that you could go get a drink, hopscotch through a street, play minesweeper and then come back to the radio and it would still be on. But, have you ever listened to one of these songs in full? What's the longest song you've ever listened to?
For me, it's "Dopesmoker" by Sleep......63 fucking minutes. It's a great song and I've listened to it multiple times, but not in one day, of course o_O


text:
Status: Closed
Be the first Find.HamptonRoads.com user to add photos or videos of CELL PHONE H-Tech
Rely on our cell phone repair shop for budget-friendly gadget repairs. Inquire about our services in Williamsburg, VA, today.
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With a network of sites receiving over 13 million page views per month, we have lots of opportunities for you to make an impression. Learn more...
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text: To get from Arezzo to Vittorio Veneto by train you can catch one of the 8 trains that everyday travel between these two cities. The first train to Vittorio Veneto leaves from Arezzo at 00:47 and the last train departs at 15:43. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 04:57 hours. For your trip from Arezzo to Vittorio Veneto by train you can choose to leave from one of Arezzo main stations: Arezzo On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Vittorio Veneto and book the best itinerary starting from Arezzo.


text:
Akihabara - Feel the Rhythm
Seller: JMJ Interactive
Puzzle Out Akihabara's Rhythm & Beat in this Electronic, Neon Game!
- Entrancing background music with a booming beat and synthesizers.
- Easy to understand, hard to master – sometimes not moving is the best answer.
- Campaign and Midnight Mix have over 10 tracks, with different puzzles and places!
Cailie needs a quick thinker to accompany her in Akihabara, Tokyo's Electronic Town. The music's mixed and the bass is pounding, but she could use your help with the puzzles!
Start off with the future sounds of Track 1 and match identical shapes. As they come down from the top of the screen, you can change them (or not) by perfectly timing your roaming bar's tap. Each successful change you make nets you a multiplier, but you will need four or more of the same shapes or colors to blast them off of the screen!
In addition to clearing the levels, there are also 15 different achievements you can get, such as Super Beat Master (clearing a normal campaign on turbo speed) and Bad Bead (complete campaign with no more than 50 bad hits)!
More than 15 tracks, 2 modes of play, and some pretty difficult achievements to get means that you might be in the groove for a while…but with these sick beats, enjoy the sights and sounds of Akihabara!
Akihabara - Feel the Rhythm


text:
The Florida Institute for Child Welfare, housed at the Florida State University College of Social Work, was established June 2014 by the Florida Legislature via Senate Bill 1666 to advance the well-being of children and families by improving the performance of child protection and child welfare services through research, policy, analysis, evaluation, and leadership development.
By statute, the Institute is expected to:
- Maintain a program of research contributing to scientific knowledge related to child safety, permanency, and child and family well-being (child welfare practice);
- Advise DCF and other organizations about the scientific evidence regarding child welfare practice;
- Provide advice regarding management practices and administrative processes;
- Assess the performance of child welfare services based on specified outcome measures;
- Evaluate the educational/training requirements for the child welfare workforce and effectiveness of training;
- Develop a program of training/consulting to assist organizations with employee retention;
- Identify and communicate effective policies and promising practices;
- Develop a definition of a child or family at high risk of abuse or neglect;
- Evaluate the provisions of the bill and make recommendations for improvements;
- Recommend improvements in the state's child welfare system;
- Submit an annual report to the Governor and Legislature outlining activities, significant research findings, and recommendations for improving child welfare practice.
The FICW proposes to collaborate with community agencies and statewide training resources to translate knowledge generated through research, policy analysis, and evaluation into practical, developmentally appropriate strategies for children and families. The FICW will serve as a resource for policy-makers, programs, and practitioners on best-practices related to safety, permanency, and well-being with attention to diverse and underserved populations.
Annual Reports
- 2015 Annual Report [PDF]
- 2015 Interim Report [PDF]
Technical Reports
- Data and Statistics 101: Key Concepts in the Collection, Analysis, and Application of Child Welfare Data [PDF]
- Infant Mental Health and Child Welfare [PDF]
- Parents Aging Out of the Child Welfare System [PDF]
- Improving the Quality of Residential Group Care: A Review of Current Trends, Empirical Evidence, and Recommendations [PDF]
- Trauma-Informed Care: Strengths and Opportunities for Florida Child Welfare Professionals [PDF]
Social Media:
- Report: More work needed to fix child protection problem
- Introducing: the Florida Institute for Child Welfare
Interim Director:
Patty Babcock, Ph.D.
(850) 645-0976


text:
MARGATE - Roman Rudisill, 18, of Galloway Township, doesn't play a lot of basketball. But as a coach for one of the Hoops for All teams, he only has to focus on a few basic rules.
"You make sure everyone gets to play," he said as players wrapped up a quarter at the Eugene A. Tighe School here. "And you want them to have fun."
Now in its eighth year, the Hoops for All program gives young people with disabilities a chance to play basketball with the help of dozens of volunteers who make sure everyone gets a chance to score.
Coordinated by MaryAnn Christian, of the Margate Community Education and Recreation Department, the program is funded by donations from a long list of businesses whose names take up the entire back of the T-shirts the players and volunteers wear. The program has grown every year, and this year has 125 players on 12 teams. Games are played on five Sunday afternoons in the two gyms at the Tighe School. Participation is free.
The program is an outgrowth of the Field of Dreams baseball field in Absecon, and many of that group's volunteers and players participate.
"It gives the players a winter activity," said Christian, who calls it the "Fast and Furious Basketball League" for their ability to play six hourlong games in three hours by using two gyms.
The teams are divided by a combination of age and ability. MaryAnn and Chuck Dhyne, of Absecon, who handles the rosters for Field of Dreams, makes up the teams.
"He knows every kid, their family, and what they can do," John Glassey, of Egg Harbor Township, said of Dhyne. Glassey should know, he's a Field of Dreams founder.
Most of the Hoops for All games are not competitive. Ray Hart, 16, of Galloway Township, said his job as scorekeeper is "to keep it so no one loses."
Four of the teams, however, do play a regular game.
That's where referees Allen Kressman, of Margate, and Frank Burbridge, of Brig-antine, get most of their work - although they also guide players through the rules in the non-competitive games.
"I try to teach some basic skills," said Kressman, a school guidance counselor in Atlantic City and former physical education teacher who has been with the Hoops since it started. "It's grown so much. Most of the kids started in the small back gym."
Retiree Rocco Olivieri, of Margate, just joined as a Hoops volunteer after a couple of years with Field of Dreams. A former Little Lea-gue coach, Olivieri said the joy for him is watching the kids play.
"It's just great to see them doing things that all the other kids do," he said. "And it's great for the parents to be able to come and watch them."
Olivieri's also impressed with the large group of high school students who make up the bulk of on-court volunteers. Christian said several high school athletic teams come out to help, just as they do with Field of Dreams.
For some, the volunteer effort is a family and friends affair. Bethann Keenan, 16, of Galloway Township, volunteered after hearing about it from Hart.
"I came one time, and I really liked it," she said.
Shawn Cahill, 15, of Ventnor, was asked to help out after he worked with kids at a sports camp last year. Cahill, who has a real affinity for the younger students, gently helped some less-focused players stay in the game and high-fived the players at breaks.
Kris Rudisill volunteered on the basketball court as her son coached. She said they started when her daughter's softball team at Absegami High School in Galloway Township, volunteered at Field of Dreams.
"These are kids who otherwise would not have many opportunities to play sports," Rudisill said. "And it puts it in perspective for the kids who do play sports that it's not just about winning, it's about participating."
Volunteers and spectators marveled at how much the players have improved.
"At first they didn't know to run up and down the court, or have positions," Glassey said. "The officials take the time to talk to them, explain the game. They really make it like a real game."
Parents said they appreciate the opportunity to have their child involved in activities outside of school.
Victoria DeRose, of Egg Harbor Township, watched as her husband, Sal, gave son Brody, a shooting lesson during the warm-up period. Sal DeRose said he is now considering getting a hoop for their home.
"The more things we can get him involved in the better," Victoria DeRose said of Brody, 8, who is autistic. "It is difficult to keep his attention, get him engaged. But the volunteers are just wonderful, and the atmosphere is so positive."
The dedication of both families and volunteers kept turnout high even on Super Bowl Sunday.
Barry Hackett, of Absecon, a founder of Field of Dreams, came with his wife, Susan, to watch their grandson Jacob play with a little help from Margate firefighter John Sher, who pushed Jacob's wheelchair across the court and set him up for shots.
"When we got MaryAnn, we got a good core group of volunteers with her," Hackett said. "It's nice to be able to come and just be a grandparent."
Susan Hackett said the games also are an opportunity for parents to network and talk to each other about their children. Matt Grodziak, of Galloway Township, said it is the positive atmosphere that keeps everyone coming back. Another Field of Dreams volunteer, he handles registration each Sunday for the Hoops program.
"These are all just good, caring people," he said.
Contact Diane D'Amico:


text:
Qube Global Software at TWM Exhibition | 22 October 2007
This year at TWM, the Planet division of Qube Global Software made an impact with the public and press alike. The TWM exhibition organiser was quoted as saying the stand 'raised standards' and was 'by and far the best at the event'. Customers also provided excellent feedback, saying they liked the brand and the product demos.
In addition, Richard Fisher, director of the Planet division, spent the first day of the show in press meetings, telling the story of the re-branding and highlighting the successes of the company and Planet division to date.
Richard Fisher commented, "We were really pleased with the footfall on the stand and on the response to our re-branding, which was incredibly positive.
There was one point during the show where our stand was the busiest one around! The show has been a great start for the new Planet division!"
Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust become Qube Space customer | 3 May 2017
We are pleased to announce that Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust has chosen to implement Qube Space as their new space management software.
Bath and North East Somerset Council choose Qube Planet for asset management | 15 February 2017
We are pleased to announce that Bath and North East Somerset Council have decided to extend their suite of Qube Global Software solutions by investing in Qube Planet to manage their Asset Management requirements.
Qube Planet NHS User Forum a Resounding Success | 22 July 2016
Qube Global Software held its first NHS User Forum of 2016. In partnership with Guys and St Thomas' Hospital London – longstanding users of our Qube Planet FM solution – NHS users from across the country came together to exchange best practices and learn how FM services are managed across Qube Global Software's 67 NHS […]


text:
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If this service is not needed, disable it or filter incoming traffic to
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text: Posted January 17, 2013 I think Jackson or Shula would do a good job. It is funny that people go back to 1999 to say Shula wasn't very good in Tampa so there should be issues. That was 13 years ago. I wonder if he has learned anything since then?? Seems to have done a pretty good job with Newton. Didn't Rivera say that much of Cam's development was credited to Shula's work with him. If Jackson takes the job and Shula leaves because he was not given the job we will be replacing him as well. Who knows if the next guy would be better than Shula. Might be another Rip Scherer who actually hurt Jake more than he helped him. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 7, 1999
|Filing date
|May 17, 1997
|Priority date
|May 17, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Arthur G. Rudick, Ashis Gupta, Michael J. Myers, Christopher C. Kjorlaug, Alexander Hoehn, Louis S. Stodieck, Michael B. Horner, Mark T. Edwards, Kirsten S. Sterrett, Jon A. Genova, Mark A. Rupert
|Original Assignee
|The Coca-Cola Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (42), Classifications (19), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority on provisional application Ser. No. 60/017,821 filed on May 17, 1996, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention is directed to a post-mix beverage preparation and dispensing system which is adapted for use in micro-gravity environments which are encountered in extra-terrestrial space. More particularly, the beverage system provides for the preparation and dispensing of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages aboard space vehicles such as the NASA space shuttle and the planned International Space Station. The beverage system also incorporates a data acquisition system through which taste perceptions and physiological responses of the space vehicle crew members may be assessed.
The beverage system will support three primary commercial/scientific objectives. First, it will provide information relating to taste perception changes that may occur as a consequence of exposure to microgravity. During space flight, astronauts undergo a number of physiological changes including bulk fluid shift from the lower extremities to the head region and subsequent dieresis. Nervous system and blood chemistry changes also occur. All of these microgravity effects have been reported to change taste perception.
Taste perception is of particular interest. Taste alterations noted in microgravity are similar to changes noted by segments of the population on earth. These taste changes are derived from physiological changes associated with aging, extended bed rest, disease, etc. Space flight may well serve as a natural, accelerated model for the study of such changes in the absence of medical dysfunctions.
The beverage system will provide data from astronauts on the taste perception of carbonated as well as non-carbonated beverages consumed on orbit. An additional benefit of the beverage system payload will be the provision to astronauts of good tasting products that can be used for increasing hydration levels. This is especially important prior to return to Earth to prevent some of the debilitating effects of fluid shifts associated with reentry.
The second objective addresses heart rate variability and heart rate changes of astronauts before, during, and after beverage consumption in flight. Information from this research will help future product development.
The third commercial objective of the beverage system relates to the storage and transfer of two-phase, carbonated fluids. There is particular interest in advancing fluid management technology in microgravity. The beverage system represents a significant opportunity to obtain fundamental data on containment and transfer of pressurized, supersaturated two-phase fluids. The results derived from this effort will assist in developing new hardware for use in microgravity environments such as on the Space Station.
Commercial research interests that will be supported include: propellant and fuel cell flow management, environmental fluid loop control, plant nutrient delivery system development, atmosphere management of aquatic habitats, beverage technologies for Space Station applications, etc. The beverage system is being developed to address a number of technical concerns. Virtually all commercial life sciences investigations involve fluids, gases and liquids or some combination thereof. Data obtained from the beverage system should help in the development of advanced space-qualified animal and plant holding facilities, cell and tissue culture hardware, and biomaterials processing systems.
The foregoing objects of the invention, and others, are attained by providing an apparatus for preparing and dispensing a beverage comprising: sources of fluid beverage components; a mixing chamber provided with inlet and discharge ports; a piston disposed within the mixing chamber for reciprocal movement between extended and retracted positions; first means for (1) introducing the beverage components in a predetermined sequence under pressure into the mixing chamber and (2) shifting the piston from the extended position to the retracted position in response to the introduction into the mixing chamber of a first one of the beverage components; and second means for urging the piston to the extended position to thereby dispense a mixture of the beverage components through the discharge port.
The detailed description which follows, to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will afford a comprehensive understanding of the present invention. However, it should be understood that the disclosed preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrative only, since various modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention may become apparent to persons of ordinary skill in the art who have had the benefit of this disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of the beverage system enclosure module;
FIG. 2A is a schematic representation of the fluid management and distribution system;
FIG. 2B is a schematic representation of a modified fluid management and distribution system;
FIGS. 3A-1, 3A-2 and 3A-3 illustrate components of the drinking receptacle;
FIG. 3B illustrates the drinking receptacle coupled to the receptacle interface;
FIGS. 4A-4F illustrate a sequence of steps for use of the drinking receptacle;
FIG. 5 is an illustration of the cooling scheme employed in the beverage system;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the electrical power distribution system;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the electrical and temperature control system;
FIG. 8A is a schematic representation of the heat exchange scheme employed in the beverage system;
FIG. 8B is a flow chart for the temperature control system;
FIGS. 9A illustrates a battery protection circuit employed in the control computer for the beverage system;
FIG. 9B illustrates a modification of the circuit illustrated in FIG. 9A;
FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate front and side views of the touch screen control/display panel employed in the beverage system;
FIG. 10B-1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on section line 10B-1 in FIG. 10B.
FIG. 11 illustrates the valve actuators disposed on the front panel of the enclosure module;
FIGS. 12A-1, 12A-2 and 12A-3 illustrate front, cross-sectional and front views, respectively, of the annular formation of the piston;
FIGS. 12B-1, 12B-2 and 12B-3 illustrate front, cross-sectional and front views, respectively, of the rear component of the piston;
FIGS. 12C-1, 12C-2 and 12C-3 illustrate front, corss-sectional and front views, respectively, of the assembled piston;
FIGS. 12D-1 and 12D-2 illustrate side and rear views of the retaining ring for the piston seal;
FIGS. 13A, 13B and 13C, illustrate rear, cross-sectional and side views, respectively, of the agitator employed in the mixer/carbonator chambers; and
FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate front, cross-sectional and rear views, respectively, of the drinking receptacle interface socket disposed on the front panel of the enclosure module;
FIG. 14D illustrates a side view of the assembled socket and plate of the drinking receptacle interface disposed on the front panel of the enclosure module;
FIGS. 14E-14F illustrate front and cross-sectional views, respectively, of the drinking receptacle interface plate disposed on the front panel of the enclosure module.
To the extent necessary, the entirety of the disclosures of the following U.S. patents are incorporated by reference:
Gupta et al., No. 4,629,589: BEVERAGE DISPENSER SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR USE IN OUTER SPACE
Rudick et al., No. 4,785,974: A SYSTEM FOR SERVING A PRE-MIX BEVERAGE OR MAKING AND SERVING A POST-MIX BEVERAGE IN THE ZERO GRAVITY CONDITIONS OF OUTER SPACE
Bruffey, No. 4,596,341: SPACE CUP
Wing, Jr. et al., No. 4,907,724: DISPOSABLE PRE-MIX BEVERAGE PACKAGE FOR USE IN OUTER SPACE
Burke, II et al., No. 4,875,508: BEVERAGE CONTAINER SUITABLE FOR USE IN OUTER SPACE
Rudick et al., No. 4,892,125: A SYSTEM FOR SERVING A PRE-MIX BEVERAGE OR MAKING AND SERVING A POST-MIX BEVERAGE IN THE ZERO GRAVITY CONDITIONS OF OUTER SPACE
Gupta et al., No. 5,190,083: MULTIPLE FLUID SPACE DISPENSER AND MONITOR
Rudick et al., No. 4,752,018: MICROGRAVITY PREMIX PACKAGE
Rudick et al., No. 4,708,734: HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM FOR FILLING PRE-MIX MICROGRAVITY PACKAGE
Rudick et al., No. 4,839,107: MICROGRAVITY CARBONATOR
Rudick, No. 4,848,418: MICROGRAVITY DISPENSER
Smazih et al., No. 4,808,348: MICROGRAVITY CARBONATOR
Rudick, No. 4,846,234: MICROGRAVITY DISPENSER WITH AGITATOR, METERING DEVICE AND CUP FILLER
Rudick et al., No. 4,822,531: NON-VENDING MICROGRAVITY CARBONATOR
Rudick et al., No. 4,808,349: NON-VENTING SPRING CONSISTED MICROGRAVITY CARBONATOR
Rudick, No. 5,135,137: SIMPLIFIED MICRO-GRAVITY PRE-MIX PACKAGE
Rudick, No. 4,930,555: MICROGRAVITY DISPENSER WITH AGITATOR, METERING DEVICE AND CUP FILLER
An embodiment of a beverage system according to the present invention, designed for use aboard the Space Shuttle, dispenses three types of beverages, two carbonated and one non-carbonated in drinks of four ounces each. The beverage system provides for replaceable storage of water, pressurized CO2, and beverage syrups. Drinking containers comprise a reusable consumption, or pressure, vessel with disposable inserts. The beverage system also includes means for recording payload-specific operational parameters (temperature, pressure, dispensed fluid) as well as heart rate responses of the crew members before, during and after beverage consumption. The data is recorded by a PC-104-type data acquisition and control computer. The crew interfaces with the computer through a touch screen which provides for information display, screen selection and data entry. A commercially available heart rate monitor, which performs non-intrusive measurements using LEDs, is used to measure the physiological responses to beverage consumption (heart rate, oxygen saturation levels).
The beverage system consists of three major subsystems which are:
Mechanical, including:
1) the enclosure module,
2) the fluid Management and distribution system, and
3) the drinking containers.
Thermal, consisting of:
1) solid state thermoelectric coolers,
2) insulation,
3) water/beverage heat exchangers, and
4) a forced air convective cooling system (multiple fans, finned heat exchangers) for heat rejection to the cabin atmosphere.
Electrical, Data Collection and Control, consisting of:
1) the data acquisition and control computer for data collection (engineering and science data) and payload control,
2) the heart rate monitor with disposable sensors for non-intrusive heart rate monitoring, and
3) the control electronics for power distribution to the thermal, data collection, and fluid management systems.
The enclosure module houses other components of the beverage system (fluid management and distribution system, thermal and electrical subsystem). As illustrated in FIG. 1, the enclosure module 10 occupies a space equivalent to that of two single lockers in the Space Shuttle. An additional locker is required for stowage of the drinking containers (reusable pressure container and disposable drinking bladders), straws, heart rate monitoring sensors, heart rate sensor cable, plastic film bags (for wet stowage of used, disposable drinking bladders).
The beverage system is designed for installation in the Space Shuttle mid-deck. The enclosure module features four standard mid-deck latches 12 with modified latch handles. The contents of the enclosure module can slide in and out of the double-locker sized module as one assembly in a drawer-type insert for late loading and to access the payload components for servicing on ground. Opening and removing the drawer insert in orbit is not planned. The drawer-type insert is held inside the enclosure module by the four latches. In addition, the drawer is tethered (two tethers) to prevent complete removal of the drawer from the enclosure module.
The fluid Management and distribution system 20, illustrated schematically in FIG. 2A, includes (a) the pressurization (gaseous) system 22 (high and low pressure CO2, low pressure compressed cabin air), and (b) the beverage (liquid) system 24 (pressure-free storage tanks, pump, liquid heat exchanger, carbonator, distribution valves).
The pressurization system 22 includes (1) the high pressure CO2 subsystem 26 (CO2 storage, approximately 850 psig), (2) the low pressure CO2 subsystem 28 (for carbonation; approximately 23.5 psig), and (3) the low pressure compressed air subsystem 30 (back-pressurization of carbonator and drinking container during beverage transfer, approximately 11-13 psig).
Carbon dioxide is used for beverage carbonation only, while a compressor is used to pressurize the drinking container during beverage transfer from the carbonator into the drinking container (to avoid foaming), as will be described. The use of compressed air (not in contact with beverage) reduces the amount of required CO2 stores. After complete beverage transfer, the compressed air in the drinking container will be slowly depressurized (vented) to the cabin air.
The high pressure CO2 subsystem 26 (maximum design pressure, MDP, 1,600 psig/maximum operating pressure, MOP, 1,066 psig) utilizes a disposable (ground service only) 90 ccm steel pressurant bottle PB-1. The bottle is filled to DOT specifications (max. mass) with food-grade, two-phase CO2. The high pressure two-phase CO2 is down-regulated (two-stage regulator) to a carbonation pressure of 23.5 psig MOP through a two-fault tolerant system, employing a dual-stage regulator PR-1 (max. outlet 30 psig, astronaut adjusted to 23.5 psig) and two pressure relief valves RV-1, RV-2 (factory set and calibrated to 40 psig) in parallel. An in-line filter F-1 (0.5 micron) protects the regulator from possible contamination. A flow restriction upstream of the regulator limits the flow rate from the high pressure system. The two-stage regulator PR-1 and the two relief valves RV-1, RV-2 ensure an MDP of 50 psig for the low pressure system under two combined failures. All systems upstream of the second relief valve are considered the high pressure CO2 subsystem 26, while everything downstream of the 2nd relief valve is considered the low pressure CO2 subsystem 28.
The pressurant bottle PB-1 is factory-filled with CO2 (>99.9% pure CO2) to less than the max. allowable DOT specification (68% mass of water volume of tank). For the 90 ccm tank (disposable bottle), this would result in a fill of less than or equal to 62 grams Of CO2. Since the pressure of the two-phase CO2 is a function of temperature, the mass of the transferred CO2 will be verified rather than the pressure (DOT specification). The mass of the bottle per manufacturer's specifications will be verified prior to installation to guarantee that the bottle is not over-filled.
Regulator PR-1, which regulates the low pressure system 28, is a dual stage, single body regulator (max. operating inlet pressure: 3,500 psig), with a maximum outlet pressure of 30 psig (hardware limited by spring, verified by test). The first stage regulates to 250 psig (factory-set). Both stages of the regulator are identical with respect to pressure rating and can withstand 3,500 psig working pressure. Should both regulator membranes fail open, any one of the two parallel relief valves will limit the low pressure system to 40 psig (nominal). To account for variability of relief pressure and for pressure spikes during discharge, an MDP of 50 psig has been determined (verified by test with regulator removed from system). The relief valves RV-1, RV-2 are designed to provide adequate vent rates without dry ice formation and/or impingement of cold CO2 on astronauts (verified by test). The release of all CO2 into the cabin air would not result in dangerous carbon dioxide concentration (verified by calculation).
The MDP of the high pressure system 26 is a function of the temperature and fill volume (mass); see Table 1. At 30.8� C., the pressure will be approximately 1,066 psia (critical pressure Of CO2). The disposable bottle has a burst pressure rating of more than 6,400 psig (lot tests). All valves and fittings have working pressure ratings of 3,000 to 6,000 psig, with ultimate pressure ratings of four times the working pressure (industry standard).
The low pressure CO2 system 28 is used to carbonate two of the three available beverages. The nominal carbonation pressure is 23.5 psig at 4� C. beverage temperature. The non-carbonated beverage system (for the third beverage) is not connected to the CO2 system. The carbonation pressure is manually adjusted by the astronauts to 23.5 psig (solid state pressure gauge with front panel LCD). Solenoid valves SV-1a, SV-1b control the pressurization of the mixer/carbonators M/C-a, M/V-b with a known amount of CO2 (fixed volume carbonator, known CO2 pressure).
The volume and pressure of CO2 is chosen such that all CO2 can be dissolved (saturation) into the liquid mixture (water and beverage syrup) at the nominal temperature. The MOP of the low pressure CO2 subsystem 28 depends on the desired carbonation level. Nominally, a pressure of 23.5 psig is required for 4� C. cold water at a carbonation level of 2.5 volume CO2 per volume of liquid. The MDP is defined by the regulator and the two relief valves (50 psig, see above). After complete carbonation (saturation has been achieved (approximately 60-120 seconds with agitation in the carbonator), the saturation pressure of the resulting beverage will be 9 psig at 4� C. The saturation pressure depends on the temperature of the beverage (Table 2). The saturation pressures for the chosen carbonation levels as a function of temperature (<35� C. beverage temperature) are lower than the chosen MDP (50 psig) of the pressurization system (50 psig):
The low pressure compressed air subsystem 30 is used to (1) counter-pressure the final carbonated beverage during beverage transfer to prevent foaming, and (2) to expel the beverage from the carbonator. The counter pressure is set to 11-13 psig to remain above carbon dioxide saturation pressures (9 psig at 4� C.). This prevents foaming and bubble development during beverage transfer. The relieving regulator PR-3 guarantees that the pressure in the drinking container remains at <15 psig during beverage transfer. The beverages are expelled by counter-pressurizing the piston inside the carbonator. The compressor has a dead-head pressure of nominal 28 psig. The compressor flow rate determines the rate of liquid flow rate into the drinking container. The dead head pressure of the pump is less than the MDP of the low pressure CO2 system 28 or the MDP of the beverage system 24 (50 psig for final beverage in drinking container). For simplicity reasons, an MDP of 50 psig has also been adopted for the low pressure air system.
The beverage (liquid) system 24 consists of up to 2.5 gallons (9.5 liters) of water in the primary bladder tank T-1, three different bladder syrup tanks T-1a, T-1b, T-1c (1.0 liters each, beverage concentrate/syrup), pump P-1, valves, fittings and beverage distribution/mixing components, the mixer/carbonators and interfaces (see FIGS. 1, 3B, 4 and 14) to the drinking receptacles. Both the water and the syrup tanks are pressure-free (equalized to ambient pressure), collapsible bladder tanks. The bladder tanks are separated from the downstream, pressurized system (after the pump), through the inlet manifold valves SV-5w, SV-5a, SV-5b, SV-5c (normally closed). The bladder tanks are contained inside a second level of containment (water-tight aluminum tank), capable of containing the fluids. All fluid-containing hardware is enclosed inside an insulated, cooled containment to maintain a temperature of approximately 1020� C. This cooler volume serves as an additional, third, level of containment in case of leakage. The enclosure module itself (double-locker) with the front panel serves as an additional (non-sealed) containment.
The syrup and water are pumped sequentially from the pressure-free storage bladder tanks through the distribution system (inlet/outlet manifold M-2, pump P-1) into the mixer/carbonator against a counter pressure inside the mixer/carbonator established by the low pressure CO2 subsystem 28 (23.5 psig initially with no CO2 absorbed yet). Water, syrup and CO2 are mixed in the mixer/carbonator through an agitator 32 (rotating cup agitator, see FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C) to enhance CO2 uptake. Under nominal condition (pump flow rate, pressure and temperature), the absorption of CO2 prevents pressure increases during liquid transfer into the carbonator (pressure actually decreases as CO2 is absorbed). Pump transfer is only enabled while the pressure at pressure sensor/gauge G-5 is below 50 psig. A pressure relief (bleed) valve BV-1 across the pump outlet (adjusted to 80 psig) prevents over pressurization of the liquid system. The dead-head pressure of the pump is 100 psig per manufacturer's specifications. The maximum outlet pressure is additionally controlled through the pump current (stall-protection, three-fault tolerant). An MDP of 100 psig was selected based on the dead-head pressure of the pump, even if the pressure sensor/gauge G-5 (50 psig computer control) and the bleed valve (80 psig) limit the liquid pressure to less than 80 psig. Since each mixer/carbonator is separated from the dispensing system by a valve (SV-7a, SV-7b, SV-7c, electronic position-controlled), the MDP of 100 psig only applies to components between the pump and the carbonator up to the liquid dispensing system. All other beverage systems (drinking container) are designed for an MDP of 50 psig, based on the two-fault tolerant CO2 carbonation system.
The carbonators/mixing chambers incorporate a cup-shaped agitator 32 (illustrated in FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C) mounted for rotation on a drive shaft extending through an end wall of the chamber. To promote turbulence and thorough mixing, openings 34, 36 extend through the peripheral and base walls of the agitator cup. As illustrated, there are slots 38 through the peripheral wall.
Referring to FIG. 12, the piston 40 for expelling the fluid carries an annular formation 42 with longitudinal scallops or flutes 44 on its inner surface. The scallops, forming a cavity with a peripheral shape somewhat like that of a four-leaf clover, for example, present reaction surfaces for the fluid which prevent the fluid from turning as a plug with the rotating agitator.
The control valves SV-7a, SV-7b, SV-7c are designed to prevent accidental beverage dispensing without a drinking vessel connected to the beverage port. Beverages can only be delivered if a drinking container is connected and if the drinking container can be counter pressured with compressed air (pressure tight). Without the counter pressure inside the drinking container, beverage transfer cannot occur (computer will initiate beverage transfer only if bottles are pressurized). The system is automated (sequential solenoid operation). The beverage volume transferred into the drinking container is controlled by the limited travel of the piston inside the carbonator (4 oz. max.) to avoid over-filling of the drinking container. The liquid volume transferred into the carbonator is controlled by the metering pump P-1 as well as the pressure sensor G-5 to prevent over-pressurization of the carbonator. The bleed valve BV-1 across the pump inlet/outlet further limits the pressure and does not allow liquid transfer into the carbonator should both the pressure sensor G-5 and the metering pump sensor fail.
Beverages are transferred from the mixer/carbonator to the drinking receptacle by compressed cabin air. The piston 40 piston (with two O-ring seals against the mixer/carbonator walls) separates the compressed air at one side of the mixer/carbonator from the beverage at the other side. Compressed air moves the piston to an extended position and thereby expels the beverage into the drinking receptacle. The travel of the piston is limited to four ounces by the end walls of the carbonator. When a carbonated beverage is being prepared, CO2 at 23.5 psig is used to move the piston to a retracted position in the mixer/carbonator. This also determines the exact amount of CO2. When a non-carbonated beverage is being prepared, the pressure of the incoming liquid beverage component moves the piston to the retracted position.
During expulsion of the fluid from the chamber the piston 40 moves toward the agitator 32. The annular formation 42 extension on the piston fits closely within the peripheral wall of the agitator, and the cavity within the annular extension accommodates the end of the agitator drive shaft which protrudes into hub 32a in the agitator cup. At the end of the expulsion stroke, the annular extension and the agitator are closely nested so that only a minuscule volume of liquid remains within the chamber.
The MDPs of all sub-systems are summarized in Table 4. The MDP of the high pressure system is defined by the worst case thermal environment for the CO2 cartridge PB-1 (1,600 psig @ 49� C.). The MDP of the low pressure CO2 system 28 is two-fault tolerant by means of regulator PR-1 and two independent relief valves RV-1, RV-2 (50 psig including dynamic pressure spikes, valve setpoint tolerance). The MDP of the low pressure compressed air system is defined by the dead-head pressure of the compressor (nominal 28 psig). The MDP of the beverage system is defined by the dead-head pressure of the positive displacement pump P-1 (100 psig). For simplicity, the MDP of 50 psig will be applied to all pressurized components downstream of the second CO2 relief valve RV-2 with the exception of the pump system (pump, outlet manifold, carbonators/mixer, dispensing valves), where an MDP of 100 psig has been selected based on the dead-head pressure of the pump.
Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B and 4, the drinking receptacle 46 (double-layer, bladder-type, new design) consists of two components, (1) an outer, re-usable, personalized 12 oz. pressure-resistant shell 48, which may be of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), designed for 15 psig MOP/50 psig MDP, and (2) an inner, disposable, non-pressurized flexible liner 50 (13 oz.) holding the beverage (4 oz. nominal). The drinking receptacle is assembled by the astronaut, using one of the personalized shells (one per astronaut, one for carbonated, one for non-carbonated beverages) and one of the disposable liners (identical for all drinks). The liner 50 includes a threaded cap 52, which connects the liner bag to the shell. The screw cap has 2 O-rings and couples with an interference fit to the receptacle interface of the beverage system, providing three independent levels of containment during beverage transfer.
Beverage from any of the three mixers/carbonators M/C-a, M/C-b, M/C-c flowing through an individual dispensing valve SV-7a, SV-7b, SV-7c is dispensed into the liner of the assembled and attached drinking container for consumption by the participating crew member. Referring to FIG. 4c, the space between the liner 50 and the outer bottle 48 will be pressurized before beverage transfer to several psig above beverage saturation pressure (11-13 psig, maintained by relieving regulator) to prevent foaming of the beverages due to break-out of CO2. During transfer, the relieving regulator PR-3 maintains constant counter pressure (<15 psig).
The drinking containers are normally filled with 4 ounces of the selected beverage (controlled by the limited travel of the piston inside the carbonator/mixer). The maximum amount of fluid transferred is automatically controlled by the fluid management and distribution system 20. The liner is slightly larger in volume than the surrounding PET bottle to prevent any pressurization of the liner. The total volume of the liner is large enough to hold all liquid and CO2 gas without getting pressurized, even if all CO2 comes out of solution.
Once the beverage has been transferred, the low pressure, compressed air system will be vented to cabin atmosphere and the drinking container with the beverage will be removed for consumption. Beverage is contained inside the drinking container by surface tension. The bag cannot be pressurized since it is contained inside the rigid outer shell. A straw 53 with shut-off valve 53a is inserted into the bottle cap (press-fit). Straw, bag and shut-off valve design is similar to the drinking bags currently used aboard the National Space Transportation System (NSTS) vehicles. The total volume of liquid can be consumed through the straw as the disposable liner collapses during consumption. The liner can then be removed and the reusable polyethylene bottle can be stored for future beverage consumption. The liner with the cap and the attached straw provide one level of containment. The bags can be removed from the bottle with all 4 oz. of liquid still inside the bag.
The disposable liners, if all fluid was consumed, can be treated as wet trash and can be discarded using Shuttle facilities. Bags with partial consumption should be retrieved for post-mission analysis of consumption, eg., to correlate heart rate response and taste perception to fluid volume). The bag with the attached straw and the shut-off valve are the first level of containment for any potentially left-over fluid. Used bags are stored inside plastic film bags as a second level of containment.
Referring to FIG. 5, the thermal system consists of (1) passively cooled storage tanks 54 for water and 56 for syrups (7-15� C., depending on temperature gradients), and (2) the actively cooled mixer/carbonators controlled to maintain a beverage temperature of 2.5-4� C. The inlet/outlet manifolds and the pump head are also maintained at less than ambient temperature.
The cooling system is designed to deliver beverages into the drinking container at 4� C. while minimizing power/energy consumption throughout the operation of the beverage system. The carbonator/mixer for each beverage (3 total) will be maintained at 2.5� C. (immediate availability of beverage), while the water and syrup storage tanks will be maintained at lower than ambient temperatures only (7-15� C.) through a passive system (temperature gradient inside the insulated, internal volume). The cooling system uses solid state thermo-electric devices to actively cool the carbonators only. The waste heat is removed by a forced convection system (fan, air heat exchanger) and rejected into the cabin atmosphere.
Referring to FIG. 6, the beverage system utilizes 28 VDC power (up to 230 Watts at full cooling capacity) as the main power input (FIG. 9). Control electronics, fans, heart rate monitoring and data acquisition operate from 5 and 12 VDC through DC--DC converters. The solid state thermoelectric coolers operate from 28 VDC (3 coolers in series). The data acquisition and control computer (DACC) utilizes a small lithium battery for real-time clock backup power.
The battery system, illustrated in FIG. 7, has three independent controls to prevent charging of the lithium battery while external power is applied. Circuit breakers protect individual circuits (Main, Cooler, Fan, Pump, Electronics) and may be used to isolate individual circuits. The wire sizes (200� C. Teflon insulated) have been chosen according to the maximum current rating in the circuit branch, depending on circuit breaker or DC--DC converter output rating.
The beverage system data collection is achieved through a PC-104-type computer (486DX2-66 processor) with appropriate data acquisition and input/output cards. The computer uses a touch screen to display data and to receive input commands/menu selections. The computer controls the thermoelectric devices and automatically records temperature and fluid data. An RS-232 interface is provided to record data from the heart rate monitor, worn by crew members during consumption of some of the beverages. The heart rate monitor uses a light signal transmitted through the finger tip to determine heart rate and blood oxygenation levels during these tests. The RS-232 interface can also be used to download data to or from a Payload and General Support Computer (PGSC).
The computer is powered from the 28 VDC interface via a 5 VDC DC--DC converter. An internal lithium battery maintains the real-time clock of the computer. No other computer component requires battery power (battery-free RAM/EEPROM). In case of power loss, the computer will automatically resume nominal operations after power is restored. The battery design is two-fault tolerant against charging of the lithium batteries.
The heart rate monitor is a standard, commercially available unit for measuring pulse rate and blood oxygenation level non-intrusively through LED light transmission signals through the finger. The sensor probe is attached to the crew member's fingertip by an OxyTip™ self-adhesive sensor connected to the associated electronics and the computer for data storage. Pulse rates and oxygenation level are measured from a signal generated by a LED and an infrared sensor located on the fingertip assembly. There is no direct electrical contact between the sensor and the crew member.
The beverage system will be prepared and loaded onto the space vehicle with all of the necessary components (CO2, water, beverage syrup) during late load operations (approximately L-72 hours). The beverage system payload will not be powered during ascent due to power limitations in the mid-deck environment. The beverage system will be powered once on orbit and will require approximately 12 hours to reach final beverage temperatures. The beverage system will remain powered until deactivation to maintain the beverages at 2.0-4.0� C.
The beverage system will be operated several times during the flight at intervals spaced from the beginning to the end of the flight (3 sessions for each astronaut, each session evaluating 3 drinks each). In this manner, a time course of taste perception change and heart rate measurements related to the duration of microgravity exposure can be established. Each operation can be done by a single crew member. For one session, one crew member, instrumented with the heart rate monitor, will operate the beverage system, while the second crew member obtains video and 35 mm photos to document fluid transfer. The scheduled sessions will consume 54 beverages. Up to 40 additional beverages will be available for unscheduled ad-lib sessions, which include taste perception only, but no heart rate monitoring.
It is also anticipated that the beverage system can be utilized by any astronaut to obtain beverages of their choice at their convenience. For that purpose, the beverage system payload is located in the mid-deck to be available during normal meal consumption. Up to 94 beverages may be available during the mission (4 oz. each). Taste perception questionnaires will be evaluated for all drinks consumed. In addition, the data acquisition and control system collects sensor data related to fluids handling, payload operation and heart rate monitoring.
Prior to dispensing a beverage, the astronaut assembles a drinking container 46 from a personalized bottle 48 (reusable) and a disposable liner 50. The liner 50 includes a screw-cap 52 that connects the bag to the bottle. The drinking container attaches to the dispensing system through a receptacle interface 54 incorporating a 45� turn design, illustrated in FIG. 14. Each receptacle interface provides three independent seals against beverage leakage (2 O-rings, one interference fit). During dispensing operations, the drinking containers will be pressurized to 11-13 psig (<15 psig). The crew member will then transfer 4 ounces of the carbonated or non-carbonated beverage into the drinking container. Fluid transfer can only occur if the drinking container is connected and sealed (leak test through back pressure decay). Heart rates will be monitored prior to, during, and after beverage consumption. Following transfer, the beverage will be consumed through a straw. A standard taste perception questionnaire will then be completed using the touch-screen monitor. Once all operations have been completed, the drinking containers will be disassembled and stowed. For "ad lib" beverage consumption, only a taste questionnaire will be filled out (integrated as part of the drinking container). A total of approximately 94 drinks are available based on the 2.0 to 2.5 gallons of water.
Following the last operation, the beverage system will be powered off and configured for reentry. After the mission is completed, taste perception questionnaires will be analyzed and compared against similar data collected on the ground. Further, the heart rate sensor data will be transferred from the data acquisition system, analyzed and compared with ground data. Finally, the camcorder data will be evaluated with regard to fluids transfer behavior (foaming, transfer, fluid positioning) and overall payload operations.
Due to resource constraints, the beverage system payload will be launched unpowered. The main CO2 shut-off valve NV-1 will be closed (unpressurized system). Once on orbit, beverage system will be powered. Prior to the first beverage dispensing, the thermo-electric devices will achieve the desired fluid storage temperature (2.0-4.0� C.) and the CO2 valve will be opened to enable carbonation of future drinks. One drink each will then be available (mixing/carbonation already performed on ground). Table 5 summarizes sequential events initiated by an astronaut for beverage dispensing and beverage replenishment.
The beverages are stored as concentrated syrup and water. Syrup and water are typically mixed at a ratio of 1-5.5. The water for the beverages is held in one or two tanks containing a total of up to 2.5 gallons. The water and syrup tanks are non-pressurized bladder tanks, additionally contained in a second level of containment (water-tight aluminum tank). The thermal insulation (foam) acts as a third level of containment.
Accidental beverage dispensing is avoided through redundant safety controls. Beverages can only be dispensed if a drinking container is connected and sealed (computer control). If unused, the beverage ports will be sealed with a locking cap, in addition to the closed dispensing valve. The bottle interface features three independent seals against liquid leakage during beverage transfer (2 O-rings, one interference fit).
The major heat source are the solid state thermoelectric coolers attached to the air heat exchanger. These components are inaccessible to the crew. In case of a fan failure, blocked air inlet or extreme air inlet temperatures, a redundant control circuitry will interrupt the power to the coolers (bimetallic switch and active controller). Tests will verify the interruption of power prior to reaching temperature extremes (hot, accessible surface above 45� C., hot exhaust above 49� C.).
The data acquisition and control computer contains a 3.6 VDC lithium battery to maintain the real-time clock. The lithium battery features two protection devices against charging of the lithium battery while external power is applied. In addition, the clock/motherboard design features an additional diode against charging of the battery. The computer operates from 5 VDC when connected to external power (DC--DC converter with regulator).
As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the lithium battery is protected from charging by two blocking diodes or a blocking diode and a current-limiting resistor. The battery is charge tolerant to 50 mA. The motherboard features an additional blocking diode.
The cooling fans are low speed (<8000 RPM) and are contained within the air circulation system which is inaccessible to the crew. Power to the fan(s) is controlled through a circuit breaker located on the beverage system front panel. The fan is stall protected (factory). A fan inlet and outlet screen is designed to prevent crew access, contain fan parts and to keep cabin debris from coming in contact with the fan blades. The kinetic energy of the fan is conservatively calculated to 5.7 ft lbf, and the rated speed is 3,600 RPM. The fan impeller runs inside a fan housing. The air inlets and outlets are protected by stainless steel screen.
The main circuit breaker (10 amp) removes power to all beverage system circuits (fan, pumps, thermoelectric devices). All electric solenoid valves will be in safe positions if unpowered (normally closed).
The main high-pressure valve NV-I stops all CO2 flow from the pressurant bottle PB-1 (90 ccm two-phase CO2). Leakage of all CO2 does not increase the CO2 partial pressure in the cabin to critical/toxic levels.
Referring to FIGS. 10A and 10B, the beverage system computer uses a Glass-Lexan-laminated LCD as well as two cold-cathode fluorescent lamps for LCD back lighting. The glass LCD is contained/laminated within two layers of Lexan, which would contain any glass particles should the glass break. The touch screen back light is provided by two miniature fluorescent lamps. The lamps are inaccessible even if the glass LCD would break. The lamps are rated for more than 100 g vibration loads. The potential glass fragments from a broken lamp are enclosed inside the LCD enclosure, which consists of the Lexan front, the steel enclosure on the sides and the PCB back, all contained within the touch screen enclosure. The cold cathode lamps contain small amounts of mercury (<5.3 mg).
The two back light cold cathode fluorescent lamps in the touch screen utilize a small, 600 VDC electronic ballast/inverter. The high voltage source is inaccessible to the crew (touch screen enclosure).
The heart rate sensor uses low voltages (<5 VDC) to drive LEDs in the self-adhesive, non-intrusive sensor.
Variations and modifications of the present invention as disclosed in the drawings and the foregoing description which would be obvious to persons of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.
TABLE 1______________________________________MDP versus Temperature for the High Pressure CO2 System. Thepressure-temperature relationship shown assumes filling at 20� C.to DOTspecification and constant volume (specific volume = 0.03 ft3 /lb.)change to the temperature/pressure shown. An MDP of 1,600 psig hasbeen chosen based on the worst case temperature environmentaccording to SPACELAB IDD.______________________________________Temperature �C.! 20 25 30.8 37.7 49Temperature �F.! 68 77 87.8 100 120Resulting Pressure = psia! 816 910 1,066 1,250 1,600MDP______________________________________
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Saturation Pressure as a Function of Temperature (i.e. the pressure ofbeverages left in thesealed carbonator and temperature increase due to cooling systemfailure). It is assumed thatthe temperature of the beverages will not exceed 35� C. in case ofpower failure/unpoweredFGBA. This will result in an MDP of 48.3 psig for the carbonator (loss ofcooling capabilitywith one drink in the carbonator).__________________________________________________________________________Temperature �C.! 0 10 20 30 35 40 45� C. 50� C.Resulting Pressure psig! 6.7 16.1 27.1 40.5 48.3 57.1 67.2 78.7__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________Summary of pressurized beverage sub-systems. An MDP of 100 psig waschosen based on thedead head pressure of the pump. Pressure sensor and bleed valve actuallylimit the pressure toless than 80 psig (1 fault tolerant).System Purpose MOP MDP__________________________________________________________________________Metering Pump liquid transfer from 50 psig delivery 100 psig (dead head storage to pressure) pressure of pump). carbonatorCarbonator/Mixer mix and carbonate 23.5 psig 100 psig (dead head H2O, Syrup and pressure of pump, CO2 otherwise 50 psig - CO2 pressurization system)Beverage after carbonation in consumption 9 psig @ 4� C. 48.3 psig @ 35� C.carbonator (warming due to cooler failure)Beverage after carbonation in consumption 0 (ventured to 0 (vented to ambient)drinking container ambient)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________Summary of pressurized sub-systems. The MDP of the high pressure CO2system is 1600psig, based on worst case temperature environment. The MDP of all otherpressurized systemsis 50 psig, based on two-fault tolerant relieving systems and/ormax. delivery pressures (pumps).System Purpose MOP MDP__________________________________________________________________________High Pressure CO2 store CO2 store 1.066 @ 30� C. 1,600 psig @ 49� C.Low Pressure CO2 carbonation 23.5 psig 50 psig (two fault tolerant relief system)Low Pressure Compressed Air beverage expulsion 25 psig 32 psig (compressor dead head pressure + relieving regulator)Low Pressure Compressed Air counter pressure 15 psig 32 psig (compressor dead head pressure + relieving regulator)Beverage system carbonation 50 psig (pressure 100 psig (bypass valve, gauge/control) pressure sensor, dead- head pressure, stall protection)Beverage after carbonation in consumption 9 psig @ 4� C. 48.3 psig @ 35� C.carbonator (break-out of CO2 during warming/ cooling failure)Beverage after carbonation in consumption 0 (vented to 50 psig (vent-holedrinking container ambient) plugged, beverage @ 35� C.)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Summary of control/astronaut activities during beverage dispensing andreplenishment.Activity Astronaut Automated Control__________________________________________________________________________Prepare Drinking insert generic bottle liner maintain proper beverage temperatureContainer a or c into bottle inside carbonators/mixers. connect bottle to selected beverage port a, b, or cPressurize Drinking select beverage a, b, or c Compressor onContainer a, b, or c SV-3 closes snift line SV-4 a, b, or c open verify G-4 = 11--13 psigTransfer Beverage open SV-7 a, b or c SV-2 a, b, or c openComplete Transfer close SV-7 a, b, or c SV-2 a, b, or c close SV-3 open snift line SV-4 a, b, or c closePrepare Drinking verify G-4 = 0 disconnect bottle insert strawPressurize Carbonator a, or b open SV-1 a or b close SV-1 a or bLoad, mix and carbonate SV-5 a, b, or c open (syrup inlet)beverages (replenish SV-6 a, b, or c on (outlet)previously selected pump on (20 ml)beverage a, b, or c) pump off SV-5 a, b, or c close (inlet) mixer a, b, or c on SV-5 w open (water inlet) pump on (100 ml) pump off SV-5 w close (inlet) SV-6 a, b, or c close (outlet) mixer off__________________________________________________________________________ ##SPC1##
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|International Classification
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|Nov 5, 1997
Owner name: COCA-COLA COMPANY, THE, GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RUDICK, ARTHUR G.;GUPTA, ASHIS;MYERS, MICHAEL J.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009457/0532;SIGNING DATES FROM 19970822 TO 19970826
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|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 8, 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 4, 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20030907


text:
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