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Prisoners and Facebook are a Questionable Mix: Social Networking and Criminals
Prison Crime via Social Networks like Facebook
Criminals keeping up their activity on social networks has been going on too long but we can push to stop it.
Should Criminals be Allowed Access to Social Media?
• Isn't a prison system supposed to be designed to protect citizens from inmates?
• Why are convicts allowed to have access to Facebook?
• Is it not criminal to allow prison inmates access to victims through social media?
• Aren't judgements against criminal activity supposed to imprison criminals partly to keep them from reaching their victims?
• Is government responsible for protecting victims from criminal activity via social networks, or would it be better for these companies to take action and not allow it?
• Do convicts' rights (and even their needs) supersede the rights of victims?
• Can we question whether prisoners should be allowed to use social networking to escape their confinement?
How can we best ask and answer the questions revolving around the issues of whether criminals should have access to social media"
This Question Should be Answered Definitively by Authorities: Should Prisoners be Permitted to use Social Networks?
Simply put, there is a significant lack of common sense at the root of the question of whether prisoners and Facebook are a questionable mix. Seeing the article from South Carolina that was in the national news early this morning caused me to consider the issues because I often think about how common sense would solve so many problems for our society.
Facebook Fights Crime:
Before I continue I want to say, "Bravo, Rep. Gilliard. I don't know anything about you except that you have taken a right step on this matter and I pray that your efforts are met with a success that sweeps the Carolinas and then the nation."
Thinking about how prisoners, inmates, convicts (or, "residents" as they are called in places that prohibit hurting their feelings by calling them what they are) have limited their own freedom and, even so, how they want to blame the government, police, judges, or laws for their limited freedom had me shaking my head.
A lack of common sense has shaped our society's perspectives on significant issues and it shows. The problems are not limited to the USA, but reporting on victims' valid concerns is limited.
In researching the topic, it was interesting to read about some of the reasons behind the proposed law as well as to read the comments from people interviewed for the initial article I read, but it was also sickening to read of that particular prisoner's attitudes and activities.
His Facebook photo presents him as a sweet boy, but it is appalling to think that he has been able to communicate with the outside world as he has, influencing others to their detriment as well as his own.
I hope this person gets the help he needs, but I also hope that he is not allowed to do more harm to people. Common sense tells us that an intelligent criminal is the last sort of person we want influencing other people, especially young people, on sites like Facebook.
Common sense tells us that the protection of the innocent should be the priority. Common sense does answer the question of whether prisoners should have access to Facebook and other social networking sites.
Social Media Fights Crime:
Students use Facebook to Fight Crime:
Do You Say that Prisoners and Facebook are a Good Mix?
The ACLU's position on this issue is not surprising, however, common sense tells me that they are not all-powerful. If enough people would step up and speak up by writing their representatives, both local and national ones, we the people could make a difference on this issue. We might even convince many states to take the same action that is being attempted in South Carolina.
Common sense tells us that we need to actively support legislation that protects victims of crime and prevents criminals from continuing to harm other people. It doesn't take much effort to look around and see the ways that the innocent are left to fend for themselves while criminals are provided protections and privileges that boggle the mind. With the internet access that we have it takes even less effort to find the address of the politicians you want to write to. Why, we can even tweet them on news such as this!
It's true that we can't always respond to issues that come up. There are just too many for us to keep up with, however, when we are aware of a chance to influence lawmakers by writing a few simple lines to promote action that would help strengthen the fabric of our society we have a responsibility to do so. The letter does not have to be long, and as a matter of fact, the shorter the better. Three to four respectful but urgent sentences could easily do the job.
Put yourself in the place of victims who have suffered because of this lack of common sense and please write a letter, send an email, or at the very least get a tweet going. The poll I've included below might be interesting, but it is the comments section that allows us to truly voice our opinions and share input effectively.
If you write a letter and then leave a comment below, that would be a valuable example to others. If you write a letter, receive a response from the legislator you contacted, and then leave a comment below that would be most effective in encouraging others to follow suit.
Thanks for giving this a read. A million thanks if you write the letter that only you can send! It's up to us to answer the question about whether prisoners and Facebook are a questionable mix. Let them know that prisoners should not have access to Facebook or any of the other social networks. After all, any one of us could be the next victim.
Should Prisoners Have Access To Social Network Sites Such As Facebook?
Do You Think Prisoners Should Access Facebook or Use Cell Phones?
The issues are important to everyone because anyone can become a victim of criminal activity. Speaking up about the concerns is easy once we've been victimized, but an ounce of prevention is truly worth a pound of cure.
We can make our voice heard on the matter of prison privileges for inmates and help those who have already become victims put a stop to criminals' ability to continue their crimes against society through the use of technology.
Together, our voices can call authorities and owners of social media businesses to account. We can be the motivation behind the needed change.
Issues We Face Create Important Questions:
- South Carolina Governor's Office
In spite of the callous behavior toward his wife and children, toward the people of South Carolina (as well as the nation), toward the woman he committed adultery with, and toward the God he claims to serve,...
- Playing Nice: What's the Truth?
Thinking About What Our Children Are Being Fed... A back problem that requires boring exercises found me choosing a bad time to try to watch the telly. Since everything else was trash I thought I would catch...
- Mothers Who Kill Their Children: A Conversation About Justice, Repentance, and Forgiveness
The Issues Last week I crossed paths with a man from Charleston, S.C., who said that he was stunned over the tragedy that had just occurred in his region. I didn't know what he meant at first, so he was...
Social Networking Allows Criminals Access to Their Victims:
Check Out the Story of Heroes Working to Help Prisoners
A riveting new book will soon be available:
No Ordinary Heroes: 8 Doctors, 30 Nurses, 7,00 Prisoners, and a Category 5 Hurricane
Read of actual events amid governmental neglect and public panic during the Katrina disaster. Written in the style of an exciting novel the preview on the link above promises to keep readers turning pages.
Add to this Dialogue and Speak up About Prisoners Using Social Networking Sites and Cell Phones:
Many inmates realize that they made this great mistake and repent. Others continue to be a menace and abuse every privilege. It is sad for all especially the victims.
Great Hub with lots to think on.
I'm so glad you posted this Hub. I'm so sick of hearing how bad life is for convicts. They're locked up for a reason. One of the biggest problems we have is all the liberal judges and lawyers that we have in our system. BTW, the ACLU is anything but civil.
This is a very important hub and something I had not considered. I absolutely do not think prisoners should have access to Facebook. I was a victim of abuse and stalking but the person didn't end up in prison. I would hate the thought that he could find me through Facebook. The ACLU actions never surprised me.
You know I have seen FB profiles of prisoners and wondered how on earth they were allowed to log on. My first thought was that some correctional institutions were more permissive than others but the smuggled phones did not occur to me. I really think it is a dangerous thing, kudos to Rep Gilliard for recognizing it and trying to do something about it.


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3DOcean HDRI spherical sky panorama 0821- misty dawn sun 4176344
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Full spherical HDRI panorama (360Ўг & 180Ўг) of a sunny dawn sky (time: 08:21) with a dreamy mist. Ideal for mystical and early morning scenarios.
The texture has a super high resolution of 10000×5000 pixel and can be used as skydome for image based lighting (GI). This is a real captured sky with all its richness and detail (not computer generated!)
Ideal for realistic architectural renderings (but also products, etc.)
Superhigh resolution of 10.000×5.000 pixels with 9 exposure steps that offers a rich light depth.
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16 ! highresolution and professional (5184×3456 pixel !!!) backplate images included (some samples see preview picture above), which can be used for background compositings. Click "more pictures" to see all backplates.
HDR sky panorama can be used in every 3D application that supports HDRI lighting (3D studio max, Cinema 4D, Vray, Mentalray, Maxwell, Maya, Keyshot, etc.)
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Janet Jackson Plans to Name Her Son
Last month, Janet Jackson was spotted out and about sporting her baby bump publicly for the first time.
While the 50-year-old continues to prepare for the arrival of her firstborn son, many are speculating what she will name her baby. According to one report, she has it all figured out and the selected name is both creative and touching.
As reported, Jackson is planning to name her little boy Michael Brandon as an homage to both her late brother Michael Jackson and Marlon's twin brother, Brandon, who passed away at birth.
The decision to name her only child after her late brothers is absolutely incredible and something that we trust the Jackson family would be very proud to hear if this claim proves to be true.
Another source said that she and husband Wissam Al Mana agreed to the name, reportedly finding a middle ground that doesn't compromise her husband's Muslim traditions. Michael Brandon is alleged to be their son's middle name, with the first name to be one given by Al Mana.
Source: http://www.bet.com/music/2016/11/02/it-s-a-boy–here-s-what-janet-jackson-plans-to-name-her-son.html


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At the Speed of Real-time: How to Create Relevant and Timely Experiences That Convert
The rise of digital, mobile and social technologies has enabled consumers to connect at the speed of real-time. In a world where topics are trending one minute and old news the next, brands must pay close attention to what consumers are thinking, needing, and wanting right now.
40% of consumers buy more from retailers who personalize the shopping experience across channels (Monetate). Providing consumers with tailored content and products that speak to their individual wants and needs is key in standing out in a sea of competition and engaging and converting today's connected consumers.
Every day marketers are faced with countless opportunities to create hyper relevant messaging and experiences, but don't know how to strategically collect, analyze and act on all this real-time data. Here are three bases you should cover to ensure you're reaching the right audiences with the right messages at the right times.
Be Social
Too many businesses are still relying on passe marketing tools and techniques like cookie retargeting and Excel databases that weren't made to keep up with the speed and breadth of today's data. Social media has been the catalyst for 1:1, real-time interaction, so marketers looking to reach consumers with the most timely and relevant messages possible must put social at the forefront of their marketing strategies.
Enabling users to login to your site or app using their existing social media accounts gives you permission-based access to a wealth of social data, including users' relationships, interests, entertainment preferences, and more. Not to mention, while 65% of US consumers delete their cookies (MediaPost), users keep social identities for years and update them on a regular basis. Be sure to leverage a robust database that can store both structured (email addresses) and unstructured (favorite sports teams) data, as well as provide automatic user record updates.
Be Everywhere
Today's tech savvy marketers often focus their strategies on the latest and greatest gadgets, but if you thought traditional mediums like billboards were dead, the classic BMW-Audi billboard feud should have made you think again. Creating relevant and timely campaigns across both traditional and emerging marketing channels is a modern must – so much so that 53% of Millennials say their favorite brands offer omni-channel experiences (Apparel).
This requires a single unified view of identity, both for the brand and the consumer, but only 18% of marketers routinely have a single view of customers (Teradata). Maintaining a consistent brand voice and message across channels is necessary to create trustworthy, cohesive customer experiences. Having a single view of consumer identity across channels and devices is key in reaching customers with the right messages, on the right platforms at the right times.
Be Actionable
As Facebook's VP of Infrastructure Engineering Jay Parikh so eloquently put it, "If you aren't taking advantage of the data you're collecting, then you just have a pile of data." Caught up in the recent big data hype, many businesses are now sitting on mountains of useless data – in fact, while 78% of marketers feel the pressure to become more data-driven, only 33% are consistently and strategically leveraging consumer data in their marketing efforts (Teradata).
For data to be actionable, it must be made accessible to the individuals responsible for driving marketing performance. Marketers and IT must work together to put a strategy and platform in place for managing data in an actionable manner so that marketers can leverage these insights to make decisions quickly. This intelligence must also be able to be passed to marketers' existing platforms and solutions to create data-driven, personalized campaigns across channels.
Reaching consumers with the right messages at the right times is no longer an art – it's a science. Marketers looking to convert today's connected consumers must update their strategies and tools to succeed at the speed of real-time.
By Rachel Serpa


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 24, 2000
|Filing date
|Jul 27, 1999
|Priority date
|Mar 12, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Feng Cheng, Daniel Patrick Connors, Thomas Robert Ervolina, Ramesh Srinivasan
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (46), Classifications (27), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/815,825, filed Mar. 12, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,192.
This invention relates to a decision-making method suitable for production planning in an uncertain demand environment.
One of the important issues in production planning is to deal with uncertainties associated with demand. While a vast volume of the literature addresses this issue, production/materials planning under uncertainty still presents a significant challenge to researchers and practitioners.
There have been many interesting studies in inventory/production planning theory. However, we have discerned that the results obtained so far are either based on over-simplified assumptions, or are computationally intractable for real-world problems.
For example, the well-known EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) model invented in the early part of this century is considered to be one of the earliest and most important developments in the mathematical inventory/production planning theory. The basic EOQ model still remains the most widely used analytical method for inventory control in practice. In the 50's and 60's, more serious mathematical analyses of various inventory problems were undertaken and became the fundamentals of later developments in the area.
The solutions available in the literature can be categorized into two general types. One type of solution can be considered to be the extensions of the EOQ model where a simple form solution can be obtained under certain assumptions about demand, costs, and other parameters. Especially, the studies on single product and single location problems have produced a rich collection of analytical models, including many variations of the EOQ model and (s,S) models. This type of solution is usually easy to implement and interpret because of its simplicity. However, the assumptions made to ensure the validity of the solution are often restrictive and may not be consistent with the reality. Another general type of solution normally involves a mathematical programming formulation, which allows more flexible modeling of the underlying production/inventory process, and, therefore, can handle a wide range of real-world applications. A major limitation to the use of math programming solutions is often the large size of real-world problems, even though the advances over the years of computer hardware and software have greatly enhanced our ability to solve large scale math programming problems .
In the last two decades, material requirements planning (MRP) has become a common practice in industry for the purposes of production planning and control. The earlier versions of MRP largely focused on managing materials. The same concepts were applied to labor, another important factor in planning. Beyond labor and material, further applications dealt with equipment, tooling and other resources. These variations gave rise to the broader term, manufacturing resource planning, which is often referred to as MRP II.
As a particular example, we note the implosion(TM) technology developed in IBM which is able to provide feasible and optimal production plans under materials and capacity constraints. Traditional MRP systems perform requirements analysis by using demands and the Bill Of Materials (BOM) to determine the necessary resources to fulfill the demand. In contrast, implosion(TM)-based systems can perform resource allocation under constraints by using demands, available resources, and the Bill Of Manufacture (includes BOM as well as Bill of Capacities) to determine a feasible product mix which meets the user goals. These goals correspond to user defined criteria such as customer serviceability, profit maximization, inventory minimization, and revenue maximization.
However, the effectiveness of MRP-based systems may be limited by the weaknesses of the basic MRP framework. Particularly, uncertainty is ignored in the standard MRP approach. All parameters, such as the future demand, production rates, yields, lead times, etc., are treated as if they were known with certainty.
One useful technique often used to deal with the uncertainty is the scenario-based analysis. Scenarios are usually used as a simplified way of representing the uncertainty. By performing multiple optimization runs against different scenarios, one can gain the insights needed to plan effectively for an uncertain future. Escudero and Kamesam (1992) provide a scenario-based solution methodology for solving aggregate production planning problems under demand uncertainty. They obtain an implementable policy by solving a stochastic LP problem. (See Escudero, L. and P. Kamersom, MRP Modeling via Scenarios, Research Report, RC-17982.)
We have now discovered a "Payoff Table" approach that is designed as a decision-making methodology for production planning in an uncertain demand environment. The methodology comprises combining the power of the scenario-based analysis and the implosion technology. For each individual demand scenario, the implosion method may be used to provide a deterministic solution which is optimal given the particular demand scenario. Furthermore, we also compute the performance measure of each solution against all other potential demand scenarios. The complete enumeration of performance measures for each solution against all demand scenarios produces a payoff table, which may be referred to as a production plan payoff table (PPPT).
Accordingly, we disclose a novel program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for production planning in an uncertain demand environment, said method steps comprising:
1) representing the uncertainty in the demand environment by employing a scenario-based analysis including the steps of performing multiple optimization runs against different demand scenarios;
2) combining an implosion technology with the scenario-based analysis for generating for any one individual demand scenario, a deterministic solution which is optimal for the particular demand scenario.
The novel method as defined can realize important advantages, as enumerated below. Here, it is significant to note that the method, by way of its agency of combining implosion technology with a scenario-based analysis, can perserve the benefits of each disparate aspect, while manifesting in combination a sui generis capability of qualitative advantage and utility over the prior art.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a canonical scenario tree;
FIG. 2 shows a general scenario tree;
FIGS. 3-8 show illustrative output computer display windows generated in accordance with the present invention.
The detailed description of the invention is organized as follows. In Section 1, we introduce the notation and present a deterministic version of materials planning problems. The concept of Payoff Table is discussed in Section 2. Illustrative algorithms are provided in Section 3. We describe the graphical user interface developed for Payoff Table in Section 4. Finally, a complete example is presented in Section 5.
1. Formulation of the Materials Planning Problem
To formulate the problem defined in the PPPT computation, we introduce the following notation for a deterministic materials planning problem.
T, set of periods that comprise the planning horizon.
J, set of products.
Je .OR right.J, set of end products.
Ja .OR right.J, set of subassemblies.
I, set of components.
IR .OR right.I, set of out-sourcing components. (Note, Ir ∩Ja =empty and I=Ir ∪Ja.)
Ij .OR right.I, set of components in the BOM of product jεJ.
dj,t, demand for end product jεJe in period t.
cj, cycle time of product jεJ.
Oi,j offset for component i in the cycle time of product j for iεIj and jεJ.
αij amount of component i that is needed by one unit of product j for iεIj and jεJ.
hi,t, unit holding cost for component iεI in period t.
he j,t, unit holding cost for end product jεJ, in period t.
rj,t, unit penalty for unsatisfied demand of end product jεJe in period t.
Cj,t, ending inventory of product jεJe in period t.
Zj,t, production volume of end product jεJe in period t.
Lj,t, unsatisfied demand of end product jεJe in period t.
Qi,t, ending inventory of component iεI in period t.
Yi,t, consumed volume of component iεI in period I.
Zi,t, production/procurement volume of component iεI in period t.
Cj,0, initial inventory of product jεJe at the beginning of the planning horizon.
Qi,0, initial inventory of component iεI at the beginning of the planning horizon.
Production and procurement decisions are made at the beginning of each period based on the information available at that time. Demands materialize by the end of each period. Unsatisfied demand will be backlogged, and inventories will be carried over to the next period. At the end of the planning horizon, all left over inventories of components and end products will be savaged.
1.1. Deterministic
A Linear Program can be formulated as follows. ##EQU1##
The LP formulation presented above is a simplified version of a typical materials planning problem with deterministic demands. In this formulation, all the decisions are made at the beginning of the planning horizon. The solution of this problem can be obtained using an implosion technology-based optimization engine, such as Supply Capability Engine (SCE). For the sake of simplicity, many advanced features that can be handled by implosion technology are omitted in this formulation.
Notice that the production cost and the procurement cost are not included in this formulation. However, it is easy to show that when these costs are linear and time-invariant, they do not affect the solution of the optimization problem. Furthermore, the cost minimization formulation presented here is equivalent to a profit maximization formulation since the demand, hence the revenue from sales, is independent of the production decision. Even in the case of lost sales, the situation can be handled by including the loss in sales as a penalty cost of the unsatisfied demand.
The formulation presented here describes a single-scenario problem. When the demand Uncertainty is modeled via scenarios, the above formulation can still be used to obtain a solution for each scenario individually. However, the single-scenario solution may perform badly when a different scenario actually occurs.
1.2. Scenario-based analysis
S=set of scenarios.
N=number of the scenarios.
Ds =demand under scenario sεS.Ds can be expressed by the matrix ##EQU2## where n is the number of periods in the planning horizon, m is the number of the products. To simplify the notation, we suppress the superscript for each element in the matrix.
Ps =production decision under scenario sεS. It is referred to as the Scenario solution for scenario s.
Note that a scenario solution consists of both a production schedule for all products and a procurement schedule for all components in each period of the entire planning horizon. It can be expressed by the following matrix ##EQU3##
To deal with the demand uncertainty over a period of time, recourse actions may be taken so that unimplemented decisions can be modified according to new information when it becomes available. For example, at t=1, Z11 is implemented; Z12, . . . , Z1n are computed but not implemented. There are different types of recourse actions that can be taken. We will discuss two possibilities: the simple recourse and the full recourse.
In the simple recourse, production decisions cannot be changed (even as new information becomes available). In this case, the LP formulation is similar to that of the single-scenario case. Nevertheless, the objective function will be the weighted-average of the objective functions for individual scenarios, and all the constraints have to be duplicated for each scenario.
The full recourse allows all the production and procurement decisions to be revisited every time period and adjustments can be made based on the latest information. With fall recourse, additional constraints reflecting the nonanticipativity assumption of a production decision must be added in the model. The definition of the nonanticipativity is given in the next section.
To obtain an optimal solution of a multi-scenario problem usually requires solving a stochastic LP program. Especially in the full recourse case it is far more complex than that for the single-scenario model. Therefore, a heuristic-based solution like the payoff table approach becomes necessary.
The payoff table approach is also a useful tool for sensitivity analysis. We can use the payoff table to find out the expected performance of a particular production plan under different demand scenarios.
2. The concept of PPPT
The PPPT is a tool for production planning decision-making based on scenario analysis and the IBM implosion technology.
The PPPT computation is based on the following key concepts.
Scenarios are used to represent possible realizations of uncertain demand.
For each demand scenario, a deterministic solution approach (such as the IBM implosion technology) can be used to produce a scenario-dependent production plan. It is clear that a production plan based on a particular demand scenario is optimal only if the actual demand scenario turns out to be the same scenario used for the planning.
In reality a different demand scenario may actually occur, and therefore, the production plan may not be optimal for the actual demand scenario. To minimize the unfavorable impact of the mismatch between the production plan and the actual demand scenario, we would like to evaluate the expected overall performance measure and the robustness of a production plan against all different demand scenarios.
Furthermore, when a production plan is evaluated against a different demand scenario, we need to keep in mind that the production plan will be re-optimized when new information about demand becomes available, and only the initial portion of the production plan has to be fixed and implemented.
Based on the evaluation for each scenario-dependent production plan, we will be able to choose one based on the expected performance or the robustness of the production plan against all possible demand scenarios.
2.1. Scenario Representation for Demand
The tree structure is utilized internally to represent demand scenarios. A general scenario tree can be illustrated by FIG. 1 (numeral 12).
Each node except the root represents the demands for all products in a given period. A complete path from the root to an end node forms a demand scenario. Different demand scenarios may have the same demands initially and then diverge from a certain point. A special type of scenario tree is the ones with the canonical structure. In a canonical tree, the root is the only common node for any two branches. A canonical demand scenario tree means that all demand scenarios diverge from the first period in the planning horizon.
The scenario table is provided by users as an input. It specifies the demand scenarios over the planning horizon. Suppose there are N demand scenarios and the number of periods in the planning horizon is n. A scenario table is an N�(n+1) matrix. Each row of the scenario table describes a demand scenario with the first n elements representing the demands in the n periods and the last element being the probability of that the scenario will occur. A demand for a given scenario in a given period is labeled by an integer. Usually, the first n elements of Scenario 1 are assigned to be 1s. For Scenario 2, if the demand in a given period is different from the that in the same period for Scenario 1, then the number 2 will be used to represent the demand for Scenario 1; if the demand is the same with that in the same period for Scenario 1, the number will remain the same. The same procedure applies for the rest of the scenarios as well. Notice that demands in different periods can also be represented by the same integer number. But the actual demands can be different in different periods. In fact, the actual demand quantities will be provided as a separate input by users.
In the following example, we have a problem with 3 different scenarios. The planning horizon is 2 periods. The scenario table is given below:
1 1 0.5
1 2 0.3
2 3 0.2
The corresponding scenario tree is shown in FIG. 2 (numeral 14).
2.2. The structure of PPPT
In the PPPT computation, the scenario-based representation for demand is used. A demand scenario is a multi-period statement of demand for a group of products. A set of demand scenarios and the probabilities associated with each scenarios are provided as inputs to represent the uncertain demand.
For each of the demand scenarios, the PPPT first computes the optimal production plan under a certain performance criterion. For a given demand scenario, the optimal production plan specifies the production quantities for each product in each period with the best overall performance measure under materials and capacity constraints. Then the performance measures of the optimal production plan for the given demand scenario are computed against all other demand scenarios. A complete payoff table is constructed by repeating this process for all the demand scenarios. The structure of a payoff table is illustrated in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________The structure of the Payoff Table scenarioinitial plan D1 D2 . . . DN E Δ+ Δ-______________________________________p1 R1.1 R1.2 . . . R1.N E1 Δ1 + Δ1 -p2. . .PN RN.1 RN.2 . . . RN.N EN ΔN + ΔN -______________________________________
The interpretation of the elements in the table is given below.
Ri,i --the optimal payoff for scenario i;
Ri,j --the payoff for scenario j (j≠i) when production plan Pi (iεS) is used for the first period, and then the production plan is subsequently re-optimized.
Ei --the expected payoff of production plan i at the beginning of the planning horizon, i.e., ##EQU4## Δi + --the difference between the maximum payoff and the expected payoff, and
Δi - --the difference between the minimum payoff and the expected payoff.
3. The computation of PPPT
In general, an optimization problem can be formulated to obtain a production plan under a certain criterion. Let the objective function be ƒ(P|D,w) where P is the decision variable (the production plan), D is the demand which is a random variable, and w represents all other parameters that affect the objective function (e.g., costs, supply constraints. etc.). For the simple recourse case, the optimization problem is given by ##EQU5## The solution to (1) can be obtained by either an optimization solver or a heuristic-based approach.
The PPPT is a heuristic approach for solving Problem (1) in a multi-scenario setting. In the payoff table computation, each element of the payoff table presents the performance measure corresponding to a production plan in a particular demand scenario.
3.1. Diagonal elements
For the computation of diagonal element Ri,j, i=1, . . . ,N, we have D=Di. The solution can be obtained by solving the following problem.
maxP ƒ(P|Di, w). (2)
The solution to (2) is called Scenario solution i, which is denoted by Pi.
3.2. Off-diagonal elements
For the off-diagonal elements, the problem becomes a constrained optimization problem. In the case of the canonical demand scenario tree, the general formulation for the computation of off-diagonal element Rij, i≠j, can be presented as follows.
maxP ƒ(P|Dj, w)�s.t.P1 =Pi 1 (3)
where P1 is the first column of P, and P1 i is the first column of Pi. In this case, the assumption made for computing the off-diagonal elements of the payoff table is that the initial production plan is made based on demand scenario i but the actual demand scenario turns out to be j. The decision maker can adjust the production plan at the beginning of the second period. However, the production plan made according to scenario i is already implemented for the first period. Therefore, the decision variables of the first period have to be fixed in the re-optimization which is based on the new scenario j.
3.2. 1. Nonanticipativity
One important concept in the implementation of PPPT computation is the nonanticipativity of the production plan. The nonanticipativity assumption guarantees that the decisions made in any given period are implementable, i.e., they do not depend on information that is not yet available. If a plan is nonanticipative, the decisions made in a period are identical for any two scenarios that are identical up to that period. This means that if a node is common to two different demand scenarios, the decisions must be the same at the common node for the two production plans made based on the two demand scenarios. The computation of off-diagonal elements should respect the nonanticipative assumption in order to make the production plan implementable- One such example is illustrated in FIG. 2 (numeral 14), where the nonanticipavity requires that P1 1 ==P2 1. In the case of canonical scenario trees, the nonanticipativity is implied in the formulation shown in (3) since the only common node is the root and the re-optimization always takes place in the second period.
In general, the requirements for the nonanticipative assumption can be written as follows.
Pt i =Pj t, t=1, . . . , τ, ∀i,j that are identical up to τ. (4)
However, the computation of off-diagonal elements when the scenario tree is non-canonical form is not as straightforward as for canonical scenario trees. The difficulty is that for every common node, the nonanticipativity requires the decisions at the node to be the same for all demand scenarios sharing the node. The solution respecting such a property, i.e., condition (4), and at the same time without compromising the optimality would require the use of stochastic LP technique, which could be computationally complex. To overcome this difficulty, a heuristic is adapted in the PPPT computation for the scenario tree with non-canonical form.
3.2.2. The Algorithm for Computing Rij
Without loss of generality, we assume ρ1 ≧ρ2 ≧. . . ≧ρN, where ρj is the probability of scenario j.
Diagonal elements Ri,i is computed the same way as in (2).
For off-diagonal element Ri,j, i≠j, if a node of scenario j is common to scenario i in period n, let
Pn =Pn i. (5)
If a node of scenario j is common to any scenarios other than i, let i' be the smallest index of all these scenarios. If i'<j, let
Pn =Pn i'. (6)
Off-diagonal element Rij is then obtained by solving (2) with constraints (5) and (6).
3.3. Upper and Lower Bounds
PPPT also provides the upper and lower bounds of the optimal solution for the stochastic programming problem with fill recourse. The upper and lower bounds are given by ##EQU6## respectively.
Denote the optimal solution by P*. The expected payoff of P* is given by ##EQU7## where R(P*|Dj) is the payoff of P* under scenario i.
Since Rii ≧R(P*|Di), ##EQU8##
On the other hand, since P* is optimal, its expected payoff is at least as good as the expected payoff of any scenario solution, i.e.,
R*≧Ei, for all i.
3.4. Optimization Engine
In the PPPT implementation, we preferably use SCE as the optimization engine. SCE is a production planning optimization software developed at IBM Research for computing the capability to supply finished goods based on availability of constrained components..SCE is based on the implosion technology. It can perform resource allocation under constraints by using demands, available resources, and the Bill Of Manufacture (includes BOM as well as Bill of Capacities) to determine a feasible product mix which meets the user defined criterion The type of the objective function used by SCE can be one of the three options: Revenue, Profit, or Priority. Among them, Priority is not used in the PPPT computation. Furthermore, since SCE does not include cost information for inventory holding, backlog penalty, and obsolescence, the profit obtained by SCE will be adjusted to reflect these costs. However, these costs are computed after the SCE optimization is completed.
The diagonal elements of the PPPT are obtained by running SCE for the given reference scenarios. The off-diagonal elements are computed by running SCE with the demand given by the new scenario and the production constraints imposed by the production plan made based on the reference scenario and the nonanticipative assumption. For example, for an off-diagonal element which represents the performance measure under scenarios for the production plan made initially based on scenario i, we first obtain the production constraints (5) and (6), then run SCE against the demand scenario j.
4. The Graphical User Interface
The graphical user interface is built in forms of World Wide Web (WWW) pages. The programs implementing the PPPT computation are installed on a server which is also the Web server hosting the WWW pages for the graphical user interface of PPPT. All the required data are stored on the same server. A user accesses the graphical user interface of PPPT by linking a Web browser to the Universal Resource Locator (URL) of the server. A Logon page will be presented when the connection is established (See FIGS. 3-8, numerals 16-26).
The Logon Page (see FIG. 3)
The user is required to enter a valid pair of userid and password. If the userid and the password entered are not valid, further access to other PPPT WWW pages will be denied. Otherwise, the Web browser will connect to the PPPT Main Page.
The Main Page (see FIG. 4)
A Main Task List table will be presented. The four major steps of the PPPT computation are listed with a brief description for each step. The current status of each of the four steps is also reported in the table. The user should choose an activity from the Main Task List.
set parameters (see FIG. 5): this step allows the user to view/change the current setting of the following parameters: the number of demand scenarios, the number of periods in the planning horizon, the type of optimization engine to be used, and the type of objective for optimization.
modify data: allows the user to view/modify the data used for the PPPT computation. There are four types of data files to be viewed/modified:
Scenario File,
Bill of Materials File,
Supply Volume File, and
Demand Volume Files
The user can choose one of the files for viewing/editing.
compute payoff table: invokes the server programs to perform the desired PPPT computation. Upon the completion of the PPPT computation, the message "Pay-off Table computation is completed!" will be displayed.
view payoff table: allows the user to view the payoff table in either table format or chart format.
Data Viewing/Editing Pages
For the Bill of Materials file, no editing capability is provided. For Scenario, Supply Volume, and Demand Volume files, the user can view and edit the data if desired (see FIG. 6). A complete table will be presented first for viewing. If editing is allowed, the user can click on the line number to enter the editing mode. Only one row will be displayed at a time in the editing mode.
PPPT Display Pages
If the table format is selected, a user may choose one performance measure to be displayed from the following three choices: Revenue, Profit, and Serviceability. If Profit is selected, the user may also provide the backlog penalty factor and the obsolescence factor as required for the profit computation. The payoff table displayed in the table form contains the complete payoff table of the selected performance measure and the weighted average performance measure for each plan as well as the differences between the weighted average and the best(worst) performance measure of the plan against a particular scenario. The plan with the best weighted average performance measure will be highlighted in the table (see FIG. 7).
In the bar chart format, a user may choose to display a bar chart that is corresponding to a row or a column in the payoff table, i.e., the performance measures of a given plan against different scenarios or the performance measures of different plans for a given scenario. The performance measure displayed in the bar chart form can be either Revenue or Profit or Serviceability. The backlog penalty factor and the obsolescence factor are required as inputs when Profit is selected (see FIG. 8).
5. An Example
The invention is now referenced by an illustrative example. For machine realization of the invention, one may consider the example parameters in the following Tables II-X to be inputs for operation thereupon by the method programmed in Perl and effectuated by a CPU and memory, and Table XI or FIGS. 7, 8 to be illustrative output displays.
This is a two-period problem with six products and four demand scenarios.
Data preparation
The data required for the PPPT computation are listed in Tables 2-10.
TABLE 2______________________________________Demand Volume File 1Part Number Geography Period 1 Period 2______________________________________SUP-DT WW 1,865 1,892MC-DT WW 12,450 15,040SUP-NB WW 10,300 8,930MC-NB WW 6,700 8,500SUP-SVR WW 7,540 7,990MC-SVR WW 5,200 6,400______________________________________
TABLE 3______________________________________Demand Volume File 2Part Number Geography Period 1 Period 2______________________________________SUP-DT WW 17,718 17,974MC-DT WW 11,828 14,288SUP-NB WW 12,360 10,716MC-NB WW 8,040 10,200SUP-SVR WW 7,540 7,990MC-SVR WW 5,200 6,400______________________________________
TABLE 4______________________________________Demand Volume File 3Part Number Geography Period 1 Period 2______________________________________SUP-DT WW 21,448 21,758MC-DT WW 14,318 17,296SUP-NB WW 11,845 10,270MC-NB WW 7,705 9,775SUP-SVR WW 8,671 9,189MC-SVR WW 5,980 7,360______________________________________
TABLE 5______________________________________Demand Volume File 4Part Number Geography Period 1 Period 2______________________________________SUP-DT WW 20,375 2,067MC-DT WW 13,602 16,431SUP-NB WW 14,214 12,323MC-NB WW 9,246 11,730SUP-SVR WW 8,671 9,189MC-SVR WW 5,980 7,360______________________________________
TABLE 6______________________________________Supply Volume FilePart Number Geography Period 1 Period 2______________________________________MEM-4 MB WW 250,000 250,000______________________________________
TABLE 7______________________________________Bill of Materials FileParent Part Child PartNumber Number Geography Usage Rate______________________________________SUP-DT P-486 WW 1SUP-DT HD-240 WW 1SUP-DT MEM-4 MB WW 1MC-DT P-486 WW 1MC-DT HD-480 WW 1MC-DT MEM-4 MB WW 1SUP-NB P-PENTIUM WW 1SUP-NB HD-480 WW 1SUP-NB MEM-4 MB WW 2SUP-NB CD-ROM WW 1MC-NB P-PENTIUM WW 1MC-NB HD-720 WW 1MC-NB MEM-4 MB WW 2MC-NB CD-ROM WW 1SUP-SVR P-POWERPC WW 1SUP-SVR HD-720 WW 1SUP-SVR MEM-4 MB WW 4SUP-SVR CD-ROM WW 1SUP-SVR TOK-RING WW 1MC-SVR P-POWERPC WW 1MC-SVR HD-720 WW 1MC-SVR MEM-4 MB WW 4MC-SVR CD-ROM WW 1MC-SVR MULT-MED WW 1______________________________________
TABLE 8______________________________________Scenario FileScenario Period 1 Period 2 Probability______________________________________1 1 1 0.422 2 2 0.183 3 3 0.284 4 4 0.12______________________________________
TABLE 9______________________________________Revenue FilePart Number Geography Revenue______________________________________SUP-DT WW 1,000MC-DT WW 1,100SUP-NB WW 2,000MC-NB WW 2,400SUP-SVR WW 3,500MC-SVR WW 4,000______________________________________
TABLE 10______________________________________Profit FilePart Number Geography Profit______________________________________SUP-DT WW 250MC-DT WW 250SUP-NB WW 500MC-NB WW 700SUP-SVR WW 600MC-SVR WW 1,100______________________________________
1. Start a Web Browser and link to the URL of the PPPT Web server.
2. When prompted, enter the userid and password.
3. On the Main Task List page, select "set parameters".
4. On the Set Parameters page, enter "4" for the number of scenarios, "2" for the number of periods, select "LP Optimization" for the optimization engine, and "Profit" for the objective type. Then click the "Submit" button.
5. Go back to the Main Task List page. Select "modify data".
6. Modify the data by following appropriate links as desired.
7. Go back to the Main Task List page. Select "compute payoff table".
8. Wait until a screen with the message "The Payoff Table computation is completed".
9. Go to the View Payoff Table Results page, select "view output tables" to view the payoff table in table format, or select "view output charts" to view the payoff table in bar-chart format.
10. On the View Output Tables page, select one from "Profit", "Revenue", and "Serviceability". If "profit" is selected, enter the values for "Backlog penalty" and "Obsolescence factor". Then click on "Submit" to view the output.
11. On the View Output charts page, select either "Plan" or "Scenario" and the number, also select one from "Profit", "Revenue", and "Serviceability". If "profit" is selected, enter the values for "Backlog penalty" and "Obsolescence factor". Then click on "Submit" to view the output.
12. Repeat any step(s) as desired.
The results of this example are summarized in Table 11. The revenue and profit figures are in million dollars.
TABLE 11__________________________________________________________________________PPPT Resultsj scenario 1 2 3 4 Statisticspj probability 0.42 0.18 0.28 0.12 Mean Δ+ Δ-__________________________________________________________________________P1 revenue 243.5 240.1 243.5 243.5 242.9 1.4 -2.8 profit 41.57 35.77 30.77 26.79 35.73 5.84 -8.94P2 revenue 240.3 255.5 251.1 255.1 247.8 7.3 -7.5 profit 35.87 43.66 33.99 32.35 36.32 7.34 -3.97P3 revenue 243.5 251.7 280 276.1 259.1 20.9 -16.6 profit 30.89 34.23 47.8 41.14 37.46 10.34 -6.57P4 revenue 243.5 255.1 276.3 293.4 260.8 32.6 -17.3 profit 26.99 32.48 41.26 50.21 34.76 15.45 -7.77__________________________________________________________________________ Backlog penalty factor = 0.2, obsolescence factor = 0.5
In this PPPT, both the revenues and the profits are listed for the comparison purpose. The highest mean in terms of revenues is archived by Plan 4, while the highest mean in terms of profits is archived by Plan 3. Furthermore, if one's objective is to minimize the variability of the performance under different scenarios, the best plan will be the one with the smallest Δ+ and Δ- Plan 1 in this example).
We can also obtain the upper and lower bounds of the optimal solution from the table.
RU =261.8 million dollars, RL =260.8 million dollars.
RU =44.72 million dollars, RL =37.46 million dollars.
|Zapel, Gunter; "Production planning in the case of uncertain demand. Extension for an MRP II concept"; Int'l. Journal of Production Economics; vol. 46-47, p. 153-64, Dec. 1, 1996.
|Zapel, Gunter; Production planning in the case of uncertain demand. Extension for an MRP II concept ; Int l. Journal of Production Economics; vol. 46 47, p. 153 64, Dec. 1, 1996.
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text:
Sermon Illustrations
Sermon Illustrations > Perspective > How Do You Look at It?
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A shoe manufacturer who decided to open the Congo market sent two salesmen to the undeveloped territory. One salesman cabled back: "Prospect here nil. No one wears shoes."
The other salesman reported enthusiastically, "Market potential terrific! Everyone is barefooted."


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Today U.S. Rep. Gary Peters announced that the House passed a federal ban to outlaw dangerous drugs like K2/Spice and Bath Salts by voice vote. Peters, who voted for an earlier version of this ban last December, recently sent a letter urging Congressional leadership to include the strongest ban possible in this legislation, including ensuring that the DEA has the ability to go after new variations of synthetic drugs which are being produced to get around the law. In part because of Peters' efforts, this version of the federal K2 ban was included as part of the FDA reauthorization bill which is expected to be signed into law by President Obama soon.
"I proudly helped lead the fight in Congress to pass a federal ban on K2 and other synthetic drugs because there's nothing more important than the safety of our children," said U.S. Rep. Gary Peters. "I'm very encouraged that people have come together across Southeast Michigan to oppose K2, but without this federal ban in place, it would only have been a matter of time before these dangerous chemicals found their way across state lines and back into our schools. And, to make sure we don't end up playing a game of cat and mouse, I worked to make sure the DEA has new authorities to go after modified versions of K2 and synthetic drugs so they don't appear back on our store shelves."
Source: http://peters.house.gov/news-releases/us-rep-gary-peters-helps-pass-federal-ban-on-k2spice-and-bath-salts/


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Wharf Chambers is a bar and multi-use venue in the centre of Leeds run by a workers' co-op in partnership with a members' club. We aim to provide an inclusive and affordable space for music, art, film, politics and discussion that brings together people from communities across Leeds.
You need to be a member or guest of a member to attend licensed events. See Membership for details.
The events room is available for use by community groups, interest groups (craft, reading etc), wellbeing classes (yoga, meditation etc) and other uses as appropriate. As long-term residents of the city we are well aware of the lack of affordable city centre space for these kinds of activities. You also need to be a member to book the event space. See the Bookings page for further info.
We are committed to providing as safe and accessible a space as possible, please see our Safer Spaces agreement for more information. We also strive to work within a collectively agreed ethos, please see our Values statement for more information.
Accessibility information
We have ramped wheelchair access to the rear of the building (up the alley to the left of the front door), and a fold out ramp for use in the gig room to access the dance floor. The toilets are gender neutral and one of these is wheelchair accessible. We have a portable hearing loop available on request. We welcome feedback and suggestions on how to improve our accessibility. Please email members[at]wharfchambers.org.


text: There's a Friend for little children Above the bright blue sky, A Friend who never changes Whose love will never die; Our earthly friends may fail us, And change with changing years, This Friend is always worthy Of that dear name he bears. There's a home for little children Above the bright blue sky, Where Jesus reigns in glory, A home of peace and joy; No home on earth is like it, Nor can with it compare; And everyone is happy, Nor could be happier there. Deja un comentario


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omg! Insider was on the set of How I Met Your Mother as they celebrated their 200th episode and we got the scoop on the shows much anticipated spinoff, How I Met Your Dad. So can audiences expect to see their favorite cast members make an appearance on the new show? Neil Patrick Harris doesnt seem to think so. He told us, It's the same structure but a totally different story so theres not going to be any cross pollination cast wise.
|How I Met Your Mother Celebrates 200th Episode
Source:GrabNetworks (c). All Rights Reserved


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|2006-10-18, 16:09
|Link #1
cat boy?
Graphics card recommendation
Hello. I've been meaning to buy myself a graphics card that will be able to handle games like World of Warcraft and FFXI and have it cost under $70. A few people recommended I get a GeForce 6200 card (one of the ones listed here) but from looking at some of the reviews it seems like that might not be enouph. Anyway, here are my current system specs:
Windows XP
1.60 GHz Processor
640mb RAM
about 140+ GB available hard drive space.
any and all recommendations will be greatly welcomed. Thank you~
|2006-10-19, 05:24
|Link #4
Knight of Cheome
Join Date: Aug 2006
My old Radeon 9550 could handly WoW, though my old machine had 1GB of RAM on an Athlon XP2000. My parent's machine could handle it too, with the same graphics card but an Athlon 64 3000 and 512MB of RAM.
It should be quite a cheap card nowadays, if it's still available. (£30 in England, which is just under US$60)
EDIT: Radeon 9550, not 7550 I had. The 9600 is better and if it's within your budget, get that. The 9550 'merely' ran WoW. 7550 doesn't exist as far as I know.
Last edited by Poseidal; 2006-10-19 at 14:11.
|2006-10-19, 15:56
|Link #6
Away for good
Join Date: Mar 2006
Age: 28
I also use an oudated GC, GeForce Ti 4200 with AGPX8 (dates back to 2002 or earlier lol). And im still able to play for example Quake 4 (low shit stuff) and World of Warcraft full at everything (video ress etc), but if you plan to play FFXI or WoW. I suggest that you get min 1GB (1024, like 2x515) of RAM or you will suffer from lagg issues, especially from WoW. As that game now host alot of players (theys days) on each server making it "laggy" in most places like Instances or Battlegrounds so 1Gb is a min: If you plan to play FFXI (Final Fantasy XI (11)) for those that do not know, I suggest that you get atleast 750mb~ of RAM or keep at 1GB. The game is old, but takes alot of space.
The card that I have, can be found for less than 30-40$, if im not wrong.
|2006-10-19, 17:22
|Link #7
[megaplay] *sparkles*
Join Date: Jun 2003
Location: Milpitas, CA, USA
Hmm, for $74 you could get this 9800 pro, on sale right now. It should do better than a 9600 or 9550. You could probably find one cheaper on ebay. Or you could get some kind of 6600 for a few dollars more. Even though those are a little over $70, I'd say those cards would do best for around that much money.
|2006-10-19, 17:56
|Link #8
cat boy?
|2006-10-19, 21:19
|Link #9
Away for good
Join Date: Mar 2006
Age: 28
|2006-10-20, 09:24
|Link #11
#BlastoMayo Tyrant
I second the 9800 Pro recommendation. It's what I used to build my computer a couple years back. It's an excellent bang-for-your-buck video card and is more than enough for WoW (or at least it was as of late last year... I don't know if it's enough to handle all the new-fangled stuff - like weather - in addition). You might be able to snag an X800 Pro for about the same price on eBay, though.
|2006-10-20, 23:11
|Link #12
cat boy?
ok, it seems like I may have posted the wrong link in my original post since I really looking for a good Geforce series card rather then a Radeon one. I hear the 6200's are good, but I'm not sure which one would be the best at my previously indiciated price range
|2006-10-20, 23:30
|Link #13
Name means little...
Graphic Designer
Join Date: Dec 2004
I don't recommand the NVidia derivatives with your budget. 9800 is the best choice imo... you want a 7600 or the 6800 if you're going NVidia, which is still out of your reach for now.
Last edited by panzerfan; 2006-10-20 at 23:40.
|2006-10-21, 03:00
|Link #14
#BlastoMayo Tyrant
Seriously... why are you even considering the 6200? Yes, it's cheap. There's a reason for that. It's the watered-down, bottom-of-the-barrel, value-driven, user-who-doesn't-care-about-graphics-only-office-applications version of the GeForce 6 product line. It's the equivalent of buying any of the Radeon SE cards. You do NOT want to use it for gaming.
The 9800, on the other hand, was the top of the line (technically, the 9800XT was the very top... but the Pro was just one step behind it) card from the Radeon 9000 series. i.e. the card was built with gaming in mind. Though the Radeon 9000 series is from the generation before the 6200 (the 9800 competed against cards from nVidia's FX line of GeForce cards - and outperformed them, I might add), the gap between "value card of the next generation" and "gamer card of the previous generation" is quite visible. If you want, you can check out http://www.gpureview.com/show_cards....1=31&card2=192 to see what I'm getting at. The benchmarks of the two cards are like night and day. I stand by my suggestion of the 9800 Pro. I also still suggest that, if you want to go through the extra work, you grab an X800 Pro off of eBay.
Last edited by Kupop; 2006-10-21 at 03:11. Reason: typo
|2006-10-21, 10:20
|Link #15
[megaplay] *sparkles*
Join Date: Jun 2003
Location: Milpitas, CA, USA
|2006-10-21, 19:02
|Link #16
cat boy?
|2006-10-21, 19:53
|Link #17
Name means little...
Graphic Designer
Join Date: Dec 2004
You're using an AGP slot... I would instead recommand the following:
Radeon 9600pro instead. $56.
There's an AGP verison of 6600LE for $80 but it's just slightly higher.
Last edited by panzerfan; 2006-10-21 at 20:10. Reason: Sorry, forgot you're using AGP/ thnx durrem for reminder.
|2006-10-21, 21:18
|Link #18
#BlastoMayo Tyrant
I'd like to see you just TRY to fit that PCI-E card into your AGP slot. The only 6600 card that can actually outperform the 9800Pro is the 6600 GT... and that means it's pretty much eBay or bust if you want one in your price range. With the 9800Pro, you at least have a few other options open to you if you want to get it within your price target.
|Thread Tools


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Accommodation: Alpine TX - Quarter Circle 7 Hotel
Welcome to Quarter Circle 7 Hotel, we are a local 4th generation ranching family owned and operated; confidently serving up true cattlemen's hospitality to our guests. Experience the true charm and warm hospitality of a captivating far West Texas hotel and resort. We are situated at the base of "Twin Peaks'" Mountains and nestled among the foothills of the Chihuahuan Desert with gigantic views of the Chisos Mountains of the Big Bend Country to the south and the Davis Mountains to the north. Our hotel and resort offers a unique opportunity for casual elegance and relaxation under a spectacular Texas sky. The QC 7 Hotel offers newly renovated elegance with amenities of a luxury resort. Guests can escape from everyday life to a peaceful retreat indulging in our 5 star "7th Day" spa or enjoy a spot for those famous west Texas sunsets,
or strolling to the pool area to grab a lounge chair and soak up the fresh air and sunshine among the desert flora and sound of gently falling water. Anywhere on the premises you choose to wander, we offer you a true Texas welcome to soothe your mind, body and soul.
The surrounding Big Bend countryside offers spectacular views, breath taking sunsets, and glorious sunrises for the early risers. The desert climate provides a drier atmosphere, with cooler evenings and crisp mornings perfect for hiking, biking, rafting or other ecotourism excursions. Alpine is the hub of the Big Bend, half an hour to Ft. Davis or Marfa and an hour and a half to the Big Bend National or State Park along the most majestic drives in all of Texas. Fort Davis is located approximately 24 miles northwest of Alpine and offers many exciting excursions including but not limited to:
The "Fort" which is a National Historical Site and one of the best examples of an Indian War military outpost on the Chihuahua Trail.
McDonald Observatory located atop Mount Locke and Mount Fowlkes in the Davis Mountains offers some of the darkest night skies in the continental United States for star gazing.
Or, take the "Scenic Loop" through the Davis Mountains and witness God's handiwork in the beautiful scenery, wildlife and mountain passes. Be sure to stop in at the "Maddog's Cantina" on the edge of town for the most incredible homemade meals in the area. Live music is frequently on the menu as well. Marfa is located approximately 26 miles west of Alpine and offers a wide array of art and adventure: Chianti Foundation is a contemporary art museum which seeks to fuse the art into the natural landscape that contains it.
See the mysterious "Marfa Lights" at the viewing area that can be found just out of Marfa on Hwy 90. Or make an appointment to see the desert from the air with Marfa Gliders.
Be sure to stop in for a pound of organic coffee in a variety of blends at Big Bend Coffee Roasters.
South Brewster and south Presidio county is home of the Big Bend National and Big Bend Ranch State Parks.
Terlingua Ghost Town offers beer drinking and story telling on the porch and rafting excursions on the Rio Grande.
Travel the "river road" (Hwy 170) decidedly the most spectacular driving tour of the Big Bend.
Or for a cultural experience bring a passport to cross into the Northern Chihuahuan city of Ojinanga or Boquillas Mexico. Be sure to bring a camera for all the great shots you will take along the way.
QC 7 Hotel is a perfect destination for your family vacation, corporate meetings, events and venues or a sweet haven to rest while you explore the Big Bend. Alpine offers the convenience of a regional airport and is able to accompany your travels when flying in by private plane or jet.


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
My mother just passed away leaving behind myself and two sisters all of whom live in Arizona and I in California. My mother named my oldest sister executor of her will, living trust, At the time of her death my sister had her name on my moms checking account and at least one credit card. Nine days after her death my two sisters entered her home and removed items, that were to be divided equally between all three of us, without my permission or ability to be there. Can they do that? Also my mother's wishes were that all monies in her checking and savings were to be divided between all three of us equally yet my older sister[the executor] is not being truthful about how much there is. What can I do to protect myself and my share when I live so far away. How do I go about protecting myself?
Hire an Arizona attorney to represent you and monitor the estate.
The answer given does not imply that an attorney-client relationship has been established and your best course of action is to have legal representation in this matter.Ask a similar question
You clearly do not trust your sisters; perhaps with good reason.
The only way to make sure the estate was properly probated and the assets disbursed ( to the extent the personal items can even be accounted for ) is to hire an attorney in the county the estate is being probated in.
The foregoing is for general information purposes and does not establish an attorney-client relationship.Ask a similar question
Where did your mom pass away? Where does the sister live that is the trustee? Probate is the jurisdiction where your mom lived, trust jurisdiction is where the trust is administered, however, in California if the estate is administered here, you may be able to get jurisdiction over the trust.
You need to get accounts for any probate assets and the trust.
Again, need to know the jurisdictions to determine how you should proceed.
The general advice above does not constitute an attorney-client relationship: you haven't hired me or my firm or given me confidential information by posting on this public forum, and my answer on this public forum does not constitute attorney-client advice. IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: In order to comply with requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any U.S. tax advice contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing, or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.Ask a similar question
There are a couple initial questions that need answering before any clarity can be provided on the subject. As an attorney licensed in both California and Arizona I can say that generally speaking, if there is a trust, your sisters as trustees are obligated to comply with the terms of the trust instrument when making distributions. If you are a beneficiary and do not have a copy of the trust, you are entitled to receive a copy. If your sisters are now trustees of the trust and they are violating the terms, you can petition the court to have them removed as trustees. You can also file a petition to clarify ambiguous terms or deal with other issues that may arise.
If there is no trust and only a will you are now dealing with probate. The probate will have to be properly administered by the executor/representative/administrator. It sounds as though your oldest sister is the executor who is now responsible for administering the estate. If you disagree with the way the estate is being administered and this is supported by actual evidence, you can bring an action in the probate to attempt to stop the improper administration.
Your specific situation is going to be controlled by the laws of the state with jurisdiction over the matter and the controlling documents (will, trust, etc.). To protect yourself you should consult with an attorney so that any necessary action can be taken immediately.
The above is general legal analysis. It is not "legal advice" but analysis, and different lawyers may analyze this matter differently, especially if there are additional facts not reflected in the question. The above response does not create an attorney/client relationship. I am not your attorney until retained by a written retainer agreement signed by both of us. See also avvo.com terms and conditions item 9, incorporated as if it was reprinted hereAsk a similar question
It sounds as if your mother lived and passed away in Arizona and that the trust and/or probate administration will be governed by Arizona law and courts. That being said at this point in time whether that is correct or not you need to make sure that your interests as a beneficiary are being properly taken care of. That requires ensuring that your older sister is complying with her fiduciary duties. If you are not comfortable and do not trust her then you can retain an attorney that lives near you to make sure your interests are being looked out for and protected. However if this ends up needing to be litigated in Arizona you will need an attorney experienced in that jurisdiction either directly or through your local counsel to assist you.Ask a similar question
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This stunning portfolio of three and four bedroom properties offers laid-back living within a picturesque setting, yet with a wide range of amenities, attractions and convenient transport connections close at hand.
Shops and services for all the day-to-day essentials are on the doorstep in Burton Latimer, while parents will appreciate there's a choice of primary schools within walking distance. The Latimer Arts College is just to the north of the town for secondary age children.
Nearby Pegasus Court business park and Kettering town centre both offer a wealth of shopping, leisure and entertainment opportunities including major high street names, supermarkets and a multi-screen cinema.
For commuters, the A14 provides quick links east to East Anglia, the A1(M) and the M11 and west to the M1 and M6. Kettering railway station has direct trains into London St Pancras International in an hour.


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Stayed overnight in 3-bedroom comfortable cabin (really a full service house) within huge Quaker wilderness preserve having view of deer by pond. Hiked miles of quiet trails. Saw a lot of wildlife, and many stars at night. Home-cooked meals were good and I could influence menu in advance. Kinda like a B&B. Very affordable. Especially good for solo travelers, small families, people liking to meditate, read, write, paint, relax in serene setting. Nice porch. The huge treehouse that seats 20 was fun to visit - might camp out there some night. Definitely a little known and special place.
Property: Friends Wilderness Center RetreatAddress: 305 Friends Way, Harpers Ferry, WV
Location: United States > West Virginia > Harpers Ferry
Free Parking
Ranked #3 of 5 Specialty Lodging in Harpers Ferry
Number of rooms: 2
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- FWC is a comfortable but rustic retreat center with a heated cabin set in the woods up on the western slope of the Blue Ridge at the end of an unpaved road and is NOT a conventional B&B. The cabin is the residence of the FWC's resident manager and has two guest rooms (one with two twin beds, one with a double bed). The full bath is shared with the manager and other guests, and the manager prepares hearty and tasty meals for you. The kitchen is not available for guests to use. Outdoor camping options include a yurt, a large open-sided, roofed tree platform, and, coming in 2013, a small geodesic dome. The cabin was built in the 1970's and is showing its age but is a dry, comfortable place where you can relax, enjoy a hardy home-cooked meal while also enjoying all the magic of the Blue Ridge woods that surround the cabin. Please note that some cell phone reception is 'iffy' and there is no WiFi, in-room TV, or Internet connection provided for guests. If digital connectivity is a prerequisite for your happiness, FWC is probably not your cup of tea. On the other hand, if you are looking for some quality time 'off the Web' in which to sit around a campfire or by the cabin's wood stove, watch stars, listen to owls, or fill your lungs with fresh mountain air on a relaxing hike, then FWC will leave you a very happy overnight camper and the comments in our guest book are proof of that. So if you are seeking a cabin retreat or sheltered outdoor camping for overnighting or are a wonderful place for day hikes, a family reunion, or an outdoor social gathering, the FWC is truly a marvelous place in which to relax, recharge and put a smile back on your face. ... more less


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