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Gene expression profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue in morbid obesity using a focused microarray: Distinct expression of cell-cycle- and differentiation-related genes
Obesity results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, which leads to an excess of adipose tissue. The excess of adipose tissue and adipocyte dysfunction associated with obesity are linked to the abnormal regulation of adipogenesis. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression profile of cell-cycle- and lipid-metabolism-related genes of adipose tissue in morbid obesity.
We used a custom-made focused cDNA microarray to determine the adipose tissue mRNA expression profile. Gene expression of subcutaneous abdominal fat samples from 15 morbidly obese women was compared with subcutaneous fat samples from 10 nonobese control patients. The findings were validated in an independent population of 31 obese women and 9 obese men and in an animal model of obesity (Lepob/ob mice) by real-time RT-PCR.
Microarray analysis revealed that transcription factors that regulate the first stages of adipocyte differentiation, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and JUN, were upregulated in the adipose tissues of morbidly obese patients. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor which controls lipid metabolism and the final steps of preadipocyte conversion into mature adipocytes, was downregulated. The expression of three cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors that regulate clonal expansion and postmitotic growth arrest during adipocyte differentiation was also altered in obese subjects: p18 and p27 were downregulated, and p21 was upregulated. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), which regulates angiogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism and it is know to increase dramatically in the early stages of adipocyte differentiation, was upregulated. The expression of C/EBPβ, p18, p21, JUN, and ANGPTL4 presented similar alterations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Lepob/ob mice.
Our microarray gene profiling study revealed that the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis is profoundly altered in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of morbidly obese subjects. This expression pattern is consistent with an immature adipocyte phenotype that could reflect the expansion of the adipose tissue during obesity.
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in Western societies and is reaching epidemic proportions
Excess adipose tissue is linked to the abnormal regulation of adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy, and also to cell hyperplasia in more severe forms of obesity
Much less is known about adipocyte differentiation in humans and its relation to development of obesity. The adipogenic program in human seems to be similar to that of murine cell lines
Patient characteristics
Subcutaneous fat samples from 15 morbidly obese women undergoing bariatric surgery were compared with subcutaneous fat samples from 10 nonobese control women. The patient characteristics are shown in Table
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of women of the microarray study.
Patients (n = 15)
Controls (n = 10)
Current smokers, n (%)
3 (20)
0 (0)
Age (years)
49.6 ± 8.7
47.0 ± 17.4
Body mass index (Kg/m2)
48.1 ± 6.1
22.7 ± 3.4
< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
137.7 ± 15.1
117.8 ± 9.7
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
82.3 ± 10.7
64.4 ± 11.0
Mean blood pressure (mmHg)
100.8 ± 10.5
82.2 ± 10.3
< 0.001
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
0.81 ± 0.08
0.78 ± 0.10
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
21.1 ± 8.8
17.7 ± 2.5
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
27.9 ± 17.2
15.0 ± 5.4
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
106.0 ± 22.6
93.0 ± 4.0
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
204.9 ± 38.1
206.9 ± 36.8
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
150.0 ± 97.0
62.7 ± 21.9
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise stated.
Differential gene expression
Subcutaneous fat gene expression profile in each of the obese patients was compared to a pool of nonobese control samples to minimize the influence of individual variability in controls. Of the 319 probes on the microarray, 42 remain after filtering for detectable expression, consistency of replicates and statistical significance (p < 0.001) (Figure
Figure 1
Microarray gene expression profile of subcutaneous adipose tissues
Microarray gene expression profile of subcutaneous adipose tissues. A) Hierarchical clustering analysis of the gene expression profiles of the subcutaneous adipose tissues of 15 morbidly obese patients. The results are represented as log2 ratios. Increasing red intensity denotes increased gene expression and increasing green intensity denotes decreased gene expression according to the scale bar at the top of the figure. The genes are grouped according to the similarity of their expression patterns using Euclidean distances and the average linkage clustering method. B) Upregulated and downregulated gene expression in the adipose tissues of morbidly obese subjects. The bars represent the mean gene expression ± SE determined with the microarray (n = 15). Grey areas represent the genes with average gene expression over or below the cut-off log2 ratio value of 0.8 or -0.8, respectively.
Of these, 9 were upregulated and 8 were downregulated in obese patients compared to the controls using a differential cut-off average log2 ratio of 0.8 (Figure
To validate the microarray results quantitatively, we selected 15 genes on the basis of their ratio ranking or their biological interest and we analyzed their expression by real-time RT-PCR in the same samples previously analyzed by the microarray. In all cases, a strong correspondence between the real-time RT-PCR results and the microarray data was observed (Figures
Figure 2
Validation of the mRNA expression levels determined with the microarray by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and correlation of the data
Validation of the mRNA expression levels determined with the microarray by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and correlation of the data. A) Individual values for mRNA expression by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The real-time RT-PCR data are expressed as the log2 ratio of the fold change in the expression of each target gene using the relative quantification method by comparison with the expression of the housekeeping gene RPLP0 (Pfaffl, 2001). Each circle represents the mean of two replicates of the fold change between of each the obese sample and the pool of nonobese control samples (n = 12). B). Linear regression analysis of the results determined by microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses. The x-axis represents the log2 ratios of the relative mRNA expression determined by real-time RT-PCR and the y-axis represents the log2 ratio obtained by microarray for each sample and gene analyzed (n = 167).
Confirmation of the results in an independent set of morbidly obese patients
To confirm the differential gene expression profiles previously observed, we analyzed gene expression by real-time RT-PCR in an independent set of morbidly obese patients. First, we chose 31 morbidly obese women, all with a BMI > 35 kg/m2, and 10 nonobese controls (BMI < 25 kg/m2). The patient characteristics are shown in Table
Table 2
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of an independent set of male and female subjects
Females (n = 41)
Males (n = 17)
Patients (n = 31)
Controls (n = 10)
Patients (n = 9)
Controls (n = 8)
Current smokers, n (%)
13 (41.9)
0 (0)*
4 (44.4)
1 (12.5)*
Age (years)
36.4 ± 10.3
49.6 ± 14.9*
37.0 ± 12.6
51.3 ± 12.4*
Body mass index (kg/m2)
49.5 ± 7.3
23.4 ± 3.1*
49.3 ± 7.2
23.9 ± 1.6*
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
128.1 ± 13.6
121.1 ± 11.7
131.3 ± 11.3
128.0 ± 8.2
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
76.7 ± 9.7
66.7 ± 9.7*
83.1 ± 13.3
62.0 ± 3.8*
Mean blood pressure (mmHg)
84.7 ± 29.7
84.8 ± 9.7
88.1 ± 34.8
73.5 ± 30.1*
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
0.79 ± 0.10†
0.76 ± 0.10†
1.15 ± 0.38
1.02 ± 0.13
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
22.7 ± 9.9
17.1 ± 2.0
34.0 ± 28.0
19.2 ± 3.1
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
36.6 ± 32.8
14.6 ± 5.5*
61.3 ± 54.4
16.5 ± 2.8*
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
99.5 ± 29.5
96.7 ± 8.9
120.6 ± 89.6
98.3 ± 10.7
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
190.8 ± 36.8
204.8 ± 39.9
199.6 ± 34.1
195.0 ± 19.3
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
118.1 ± 52.8
66.0 ± 20.9*
175.8 ± 99.3
104.1 ± 62.3
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise stated.
Figure 3
Gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissues from an independent set of morbidly obese female patients analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR
Gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissues from an independent set of morbidly obese female patients analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The real-time RT-PCR data were calculated using the relative quantification method by comparison with the expression of the housekeeping gene RPLP0 (Pfaffl, 2001). The boxes represent the medians and interquartile ranges. Whiskers represent the 10th and 90th percentiles. Comparisons of the groups were made with the Mann-Whitney test. Control n = 10; morbidly obese (MO) n = 31. *
In agreement with the previous results, the expression of CDKN1A, GADD45B, JUN, ANGPTL4, and CEBPB was significantly higher and that of CDKN2C, PCK1, and LPL was significantly lower in the obese subjects than in the control women. Moreover, the LMNA and SCD mRNA levels showed similar trends to those obtained by microarray analysis, but the differences were not statistically significant (Figure
PPARγ encodes two protein isoforms, PPARγ1 and PPARγ2
Next, we asked whether the changes observed in the adipose tissues of obese women also occur in obese men. Therefore, we studied 9 morbidly obese men and 8 nonobese men as controls, whose characteristics are shown in Table
Figure 4
Gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissues from an independent set of morbidly obese male patients analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR
Gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissues from an independent set of morbidly obese male patients analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The real-time RT-PCR data were calculated using the relative quantification method by comparison with the expression of the housekeeping gene RPLP0 (Pfaffl, 2001). The boxes represent the medians and interquartile ranges. Whiskers represent the 10th and 90th percentiles. Comparisons of the groups were made with the Mann-Whitney test. Control n = 8; morbidly obese (MO) n = 9. *
Gene expression analysis in a mouse model of obesity
Finally, we wanted to confirm these results in a mouse model of obesity, such as the Lepob/ob mouse, first, because the sample collection procedure and the homogeneity of experimental groups can be better controlled in mice and, second, because some differences have been described in the adipocyte differentiation process between human and mouse. For this, we analyzed the subcutaneous adipose tissue from 4 female Lepob/ob mice and 4 female C57BL/6J control mice.
As observed in the female and male obese patients, Cdkn1a, Lmna, Jun, Angptl4, and Cebpb were highly overexpressed, whereas Cdkn2c mRNA expression was highly downregulated in Lepob/ob mice as compared with control mice (Figure
Figure 5
Gene expression assessed in Lepob/ob mice by quantitative real-time RT-PCR
Gene expression assessed in Lepob/ob mice by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The real-time RT-PCR data were calculated using the relative quantification method by comparison with the expression of the housekeeping gene CypB (Pfaffl, 2001). The boxes represent the medians and interquartile ranges. Comparisons of the groups were made with the Mann-Whitney test. Control n = 4; Lepob/ob n = 4. *
Obesity is defined as an enlargement of adipose tissue mass due to both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes
Present microarray analysis revealed that in the subcutaneous adipose tissues of morbidly obese patients the expression of genes known to be involved in adipocyte differentiation and cell-cycle control is profoundly altered. We found that the expression of C/EBPβ and JUN, which are transcription factors that regulate the first stages of adipocyte differentiation, was increased in the adipose tissue of morbidly obese patients. Conversely, the expression of PPARγ1, a transcription factor that controls the final steps of preadipocyte conversion into mature adipocytes, was reduced. C/EBPβ is not only an important regulator of adipocyte terminal differentiation since, in addition, it is a critical regulator of body weight, adiposity and tumour growth
In the different study subsets performed in the present work, the expression of PPARγ1 in adipose tissue was reduced in obese subjects as compared to controls, whereas no statistically significant differences were observed for PPARγ2. In Lepob/ob mice, however, both PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 were overexpressed. Although PPARγ is a well-characterized regulator of energy metabolism, the relationship between PPARγ expression and obesity is not clear. In fact, previous studies by others have produced conflicting results regarding the association between PPARγ and obesity in both humans and animals. Some studies have shown changes in PPARγ1, PPARγ2, or total PPARγ expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) play an important role in cell cycle regulation and some of them are especially involved in adipocyte differentiation. In the present work we describe for the first time that the expression of three CDKIs is altered in human adipose tissue from morbid obese patients: CDKN1A (p21) was increased whereas CDKN2C (p18) and CDKN1B (p27) were decreased. Morrinson et al. were the first to demonstrate that these CDKIs are highly regulated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation. Thus, p18 mRNA is expressed only during terminal differentiation, p27 mRNA is highly expressed during the whole differentiation process except in S phase, and p21 mRNA is expressed in G1 phase, decreases in S phase, and increases again at postmitotic growth arrest
Most of our knowledge of adipogenesis is based on studies in murine-derived embryonic 3T3-L1 cells and much less in known about adipocyte differentiation in humans
Strong similarities in the expression pattern of adipogenic genes such as Jun, C/EBPβ, p21, and p18 were observed in subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese Lepob/ob mice as compared to human obese subjects. However, a major difference between both species occurs in PPARγ1 expression. Given that PPARγ1 is one of the master regulators of the adipocyte differentiation, differences in this gene may be involved in the differences observed between human and mouse adipogenesis and could be characteristic of adipocyte precursors of hypertrophic and hyperplasic adipose tissue of each species. The possibility exists, however, that the increase in PPARγ1 in Lepob/ob mice is just a consequence of the absence of leptin in this mouse model, given the role of this hormone in the regulation of PPARγ expression in adipocytes
A notable finding of this work is the up regulation of ANGPTL4 expression in the adipose tissue from obese subjects, which was also found in obese mouse. This protein is a member of the angiopoietin-like family of proteins, which regulate angiogenesis
Although not consistently found in every group of obese patients of this study, the expression of LMNA is also upregulated in obesity. LMNA encodes the nuclear structural proteins lamin A and C produced by alternative splicing, which are members of the intermediate filament family of the nuclear lamina. Mutations in LMNA have been associated with a number of disorders, including familial partial lipodystrophy (OMIM 151660). Sequence variations in LMNA are also associated with greater susceptibility to the development of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity
PCK1 gene was found to be significantly downregulated in human obese adipose tissue, whereas its expression was normal in obese mice. PCK1 encodes the cytosolic isozyme of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, which is the main enzyme controlling gluconeogenesis in the liver and kidney
We have found sex differences in the expression of two genes involved in fatty acid utilization, such as LPL and SCD. While LPL was downregulated in female obese patients there were no differences in male obese patients. Sex differences in mRNA LPL expression and activity have been previously reported
We also found differences in other genes involved in lipid metabolism such as NPC2, ACSL1 and ACSL4, although we have not confirmed these results in an independent population of obese patients. Acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) enzymes are essential for
NPC2 is a small secreted glycoprotein that binds cholesterol and plays an important role in intracellular cholesterol trafficking
Our study revealed that the subcutaneous adipose tissue of morbidly obese subjects exhibits a gene expression pattern consistent with an immature adipocyte phenotype, with augmented mRNA levels of genes involved in the early stages of adipocyte differentiation and reduced mRNA levels of genes involved in the final stages of differentiation. These findings may help to extend our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy and hyperplasia that occurs in obesity, and their relationship with increased adipose mass. Finally, the upregulation of ANGPTL4, found consistently in the adipose tissue of morbidly obese women and men, and of Lepob/ob mice, supports the notion that this adipokine plays a crucial role in lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity. Further investigation is required to determine the role of ANGPTL4 in obesity and obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, such as diabetes.
The subjects were recruited from morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery at the Hospital Ramón y Cajal from Madrid (Spain). Extensive clinical and laboratory data were collected on each patient after his/her informed consent had been given. Patients were excluded if they presented with severe renal or hepatic failure, recent acute cardiac failure or coronary heart disease, any known malignancy, or any other condition that made them ineligible for bariatric surgery. Subcutaneous fat specimens were obtained from each subject at the time of the laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery from the peri-umbilical area. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon (R.P.) and the procedure was standardized as follows. First, the skin was cleaned and covered with special surgical drapes. After abdominal incision with cold scalpel, about 1-2 cm3 (corresponding approximately to 1-2 g) of adipose tissue were removed, washed in physiologic serum, immediately snap frozen, and stored at -80°C until analysis. Control samples of subcutaneous fat were obtained from nonobese patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2) undergoing inguinal hernia repair surgery at the Hospital Ramón y Cajal. The study protocol was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Ethics Committee for Clinical Investigation of the Hospital Ramón y Cajal (reference number: 065/03). Written informed consent was obtained.
Eight-week-old female B6.V-Lepob mice and C57BL/6J control mice were obtained from Harlan Interfauna Ibérica (Barcelona, Spain). After two weeks of adaptation, the animals were killed, and their subcutaneous adipose tissue from the abdominal region was removed, immediately snap frozen, and stored at -80°C until the RNA was extracted. All experimental procedures were performed in accordance with the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Hospital Ramón y Cajal.
Human cDNA expression microarrays containing cDNA probes for 319 genes were produced using a SpotArray 72 spotter (PerkinElmer, Massachusetts) with TeleChem Stealth SMP3 split pins. The full-length cDNA probes were selected from the I.M.A.G.E. Consortium database and obtained from Open Biosystems. The insert cDNAs of all clones were amplified using universal primers (M13 universal forward [-21] 5'-TGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT-3' and M13/pUC reverse 5'-CAGGAAACAGCTATGACC-3') and the quality of the PCR products was routinely checked by agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining (E-Gel® 96, Invitrogen, California) and sequencing before spotting. Each PCR sample was purified with the MinElute 96 UF PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, California), resuspended in Pronto!™ Universal Slide Spotting Solution (Corning, NY), and spotted three times onto two different locations on Superchip I aminopropylsilane glass slides (PerkinElmer). We checked the quality of the spotting by staining one microarray with SYBR Green and one with M13-Cy5 universal primer for each batch of microarrays produced. The Lucidea Universal ScoreCard probes (Amersham-GE, Buckinghamshire, UK) were spotted three times at the beginning and end of each subarray and were used to validate the quality of the hybridizations. The microarray contained a total of 2600 spots distributed in four subarrays.
RNA extraction
Total RNA from the subcutaneous adipose tissues was extracted using TriReagent (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), according to the manufacturer's protocol. Poly(A)+ RNA was purified using a GenElute mRNA Miniprep Kit (Sigma), according to the manufacturer's protocol.
mRNA labeling and microarray analysis
The mRNA was labeled using the MICROMAX™ ASAP RNA Labeling Kit (PerkinElmer), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Typically, 500 ng of mRNA was labeled with cyanine 3 or cyanine 5 chemical-labeling reagents at 85°C for 15 min in a thermal cycler (MJ Research). Lucidea™ Universal ScoreCard™ (Amersham-GE) mRNA spike mixes were added to the labeling reactions of both the control and test samples. The combined cyanine 3 and cyanine 5 reactions were purified using CyScribe™ GFX™ purification columns (Amersham-GE) and dried in a vacuum centrifuge. The mixture was resuspended in 20 μL of hybridization buffer containing 0.4 μg/μL poly(dA) (Sigma) and 0.08 μg/μL human Cot-1 DNA® (Invitrogen) and pipetted onto the microarrays. The arrays were incubated at 55°C for 16 h and then washed with ArrayIt® Microarray Wash Buffers A, B, and C. The microarrays were scanned using the PerkinElmer ScanArray Express instrument with the adaptive circle method. The background-corrected data were normalized using the Gene Expression Pattern Analysis Suite v3.1 (GEPAS,
Real-time quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR
To validate microarray data, 50 ng of poly(A)+ RNA was reverse transcribed using M-MLV reverse transcriptase enzyme (Promega, Wisconsin, USA) in the presence of the ribonuclease inhibitor RNAsin (2 U/μL) (Promega). Real-time PCR amplification was performed with the SYBR Premix Ex Taq kit (Takara, Kyoto, Japan) on a LightCycler 2 (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, USA). The initial denaturation step was at 95°C for 10 s, followed by 40 cycles of amplification at 95°C for 3 s and 60°C for 40 s. To confirm the results in an independent set of obese patients and in mice, 2 μg of total RNA was reverse transcribed as described above and real-time PCR amplification was performed on a LightCycler 480 using the SYBR Green I Master kit (Roche Applied Science). The initial denaturation step was at 95°C for 5 min, followed by 45 cycles of amplification at 95°C for 10 s, 60°C for 10 s, and 72°C for 10 s.
The melting curves were evaluated for each gene and the PCR reaction products were separated on a 2% agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide to confirm the presence of a single product. The efficiency of the reaction was evaluated by amplifying serial dilutions of cDNA (1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, and 1:10,000). We ensured that the relationship between the threshold cycle (Ct) and the log(RNA) was linear (-3.6 < slope < 3.2). All analyses were performed in triplicate, and the relative amounts of target genes were normalized against the expression of the housekeeping gene RPLP0 (encoding ribosomal protein large P0) for human samples and against CypB (encoding cyclophilin B) for mouse samples. The primers used in the real-time PCRs are shown inAdditional file
Additional file 1
Table S1. Real-time PCR primers Description: Sequence of PCR primers used in quantitative real-time PCR.
Click here for file
Statistical methods
The results are expressed as means ± SD unless otherwise stated. Clinical phenotypes were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was used for continuous variables. Logarithmic or square root transformations were applied as needed to ensure the normal distributions of the variables. The groups were compared at baseline using an unpaired
For the statistical significance of the microarray gene expression t-test analysis was performed with TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer (Mev v3.1) software
Statistical analysis of real time RT-PCR gene expression was performed using Mann-Whitney test with SigmaStat software (SPSS Inc.).
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
SRA contributed to study design, validation of gene expression and manuscript drafting. NP contributed to patient recruitment and clinical data analysis. JIB contributed to clinical data analysis and manuscript revision. NO contributed to microarray sample processing and validation of gene expression. LC contributed to sample processing and validation of gene expression. RP provided the clinical samples. DGC and MAL contributed to study design and manuscript revision. CV contributed to conception and design of the study and coordination of patient recruitment. JMB contributed to conception and design of the study, coordination, analyses of results and manuscript drafting. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This study was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI081063), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (SAF2005-07038), and Beca Novartis from the S.E.A./F.E.A 2003. We thank Biotools B&M Labs for their support. J.M.B. is an investigator for FIBio-HRC, supported by Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. The "CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición" is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


text:
Hi Do we have a overtly technical image? What we need to do to change it? http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20071217#news The positive:"Fedora was perhaps the most pleasant surprise of the year. Its two releases (versions 7 and 8) were well-received by reviewers and end users alike as it continued on its well-established, but highly innovative development path. Its new artwork team in particular deserves high marks for its work, but the effort spent merging the "core" and "extras" repositories before Fedora 7 and the growth of the volunteer developer community were equally impressive"
Critique"But despite all these positives, the distribution still fails to attract first-time Linux users who sometimes complain about the lack of a central configuration utility or the overly technical nature of the operating system."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
School Board member's ouster pushed at rancorous meeting in Hamburg
Two hundred parents, community members and staffers cheered Wednesday night at the suggestion that Sally A. Stephenson be removed from the Hamburg Central School Board.
They decided to circulate petitions supporting the resignation of Stephenson, her daughter, Holly A. Balaya, and Catherine Schrauth Forcucci for alleged repeated violations of district policies and the code of ethics.
There was no immediate indication that any of them planned to resign.
Stephenson and Balaya attended the meeting Wednesday at St. John the Baptist Catholic Church in Boston, which was the third community gathering called by a group of parents led by Edward L. Piazza and attorney Daniel J. Chiacchia. The group is trying to address unrest and turmoil in the district.
Chiacchia accused Stephenson and Balaya of having a conflict of interest they did not disclose at the School Board meeting Tuesday night.
"If she really had the best interests of this community at heart, she would get up here and resign," Chiacchia said.
Stephenson did not say she would resign, but she agreed with those who said the district should be investigated. "I would love the attorney general to come in here and investigate all our records," she said.
The meeting was marked by exchanges among Chiacchia, Balaya and Stephenson, with many people shouting down Stephenson and groaning when she asked to speak. "I'm up here in a room that hates me," she remarked at one point.
Piazza said the group would email parents the petitions and a fact sheet, and they would be collected at the next community meeting Dec. 2.
Wednesday's gathering was the second raucous meeting in as many nights, after Tuesday's School Board meeting produced several actions of note: The board voted, 5-2, to seek requests for proposals for a new attorney for the district, and Board President David M. Yoviene pleaded with his colleagues to "stop this war" that has disrupted the board for months.
"We've got to stop this war. We've got to stop this crazy witch hunt," he said Tuesday.
Yoviene and Board Member Thomas F. Flynn III also attended Wednesday's community meeting.
Three board members who voted to hire attorney James D. Tresmond nearly six months ago were in favor of seeking proposals for new legal counsel Tuesday night.
Tresmond's hiring in a special meeting July 2 was one of the first actions by the new board majority.
It was criticized by two board members who said they did not have time to interview him or review his contract before it was presented, and by others who cited his lack of experience in education law.
But Vice President Stephenson, who joined Schrauth Forcucci in voting against seeking interest from other law firms, defended Tresmond.
"He's a fine person," she said, adding that he had served as a principal and superintendent for more than 20 years and has a background in special education. "We can't afford to buy out his contract. We don't have the money."
"I think this process needs to be much more open," Flynn said. "I think we need to take a look at our options."
Balaya said that she had asked about proposals in past years but that it was not pursued.
Also Tuesday, Stephenson and Schrauth Forcucci cast the no votes on providing legal representation for former board President Joan G. Calkins and former Superintendent Steven A. Achramovitch in a complaint filed with the state Division of Human Rights.
Teacher Martha Kavanaugh filed a complaint against the district over a letter to the community by Calkins that was posted on the district website last year. The letter announced the board's intention to sue Kavanaugh, Stephenson and Stephenson's daughter, Lindsey, a former teacher, saying they were responsible for repeatedly releasing a recording or a transcript of a School Board executive session conducted in 2010. The complaint was amended recently to add Calkins and Achramovitch as respondents.
Stephenson and Schrauth Forcucci argued that the posting of the letter on the district web site was outside the scope of the board president's duties, the request for legal representation was late and not signed, and under state law could not be honored. Other board members argued that indemnifying the former officials was the ethical, correct and legal course of action.
email: email@example.com


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The PPHP1259 features high-level drivers and rugged components and is designed for high performance applications. The cabinet features heavy-duty molded plastic construction that will stand up to years of tour duty. It has integrated handles that add to its portability. The speaker is loaded with a premium Kapton voice coil woofer and exhibit excellent bass response. The compression driver provides warm midrange reproduction and crystal clear highs. The integrated passive crossover network is assembled using quality components and efficiently directs the frequencies to the proper drivers.
Electronics, Computer & Photo > Home Audio & Theater > Audio Video > Audio Electronics > Speakers > Component Speakers


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With Snow Comes the Holidays — Learn How to Stay Healthy Today
PlainSmart Clinic
It's cold outside — but that has us thinking about the upcoming holidays. Alsso thinking about them is PlainSmart Clinic, which will hold two sessions of its "Holidays Gone Healthy" seminar today at 401 West Hampden Place. Lindsey Roth, RDN, a registered dietitian for PlainSmart, will teach participants how to navigate upcoming holiday meals in a healthy way, without sacrificing flavor. The hour-long seminar will be offered at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. You can RSVP here; admission is $6.27, which includes a recipe book of holiday recipes with a healthy twist.
The patio may not be green today, but you can still stay warm at Arugula.
Want to let someone else do the cooking tonight? Arugula is holding a Barolo Wine dinner at 6:30 p.m., featuring a five-course meal with five pairings. The cost is $99 and reservations are required; call the restaurant at 303-443-5100.
For more Food & Drink events, go to our online calendar. If you know of an event that should be included in that calendar, send information to firstname.lastname@example.com.
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I'll always chomp at the bit for some slo-mo fluid dynamics videos.
I never thought I'd say something like this, but although the milk columns are noticeably phallic, this video is beautiful. Hey, I'm secure in my sexuality!
Video Credit: theslowmoguys found viaWIN
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text:
Alberto Barbera, director of the Venice Film Festival, took the stage, flanked by a woman holding a trophy and a medal.
Nor will it ever feel natural to gaze upon Hogwarts, flanked by its iconic boars—and the palm trees that surround it—from afar.
Those flat, sparkling rooftops, capping aisles of cheap goods and flanked by acres of concrete parking lots?
The guy sat on a stoop not far from Sixth Avenue, flanked by an equally large friend.
She was flanked by her mother, Dina, and her younger sister, Ali.
The latter is flanked by similar arches enclosing pretty, traceried windows.
The fernery was flanked by two other handwoven baskets of sweet-grass.
This was one of the four towers which flanked the circumvallation of the king just named.
The shield was flanked, on the right by an olive branch, on the left by a deer's antlers.
He was flanked by a couple of pikemen as hideous as the Afrites of Eastern romance.
late Old English flanc "fleshy part of the side," from Old French flanc, probably from Frankish *hlanca (cf. Old High German (h)lanca, Middle High German lanke "hip joint," German lenken "to bend, turn, lead"), from PIE root *kleng- "to bend, turn" (see link (n.)). The military sense is first attested 1540s, as is the verb. Related: Flanked; flanking.
flank (flāngk)
The side of the body between the pelvis or hip and the last rib; the side.
The section of flesh in that area.


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Housekeeper in Shelby
I specialize in deep cleaning I've been cooking and cleaning my whole life ! Originally from Rutherford county relocated to Shelby 6 years ago I trained and was certified in cleaning in Fairfield and lake lure mountains sense been in Shelby I've work at my brothers pizza place tops pizza Fallston until I started working for Shelby cafe 10 months ago I do still clean for some old clients after I get off work !! I would love to make some extra money in the evenings and on days off Shelby cafe I'm helping my son survive in Charlotte while he attends collage at unc as well as survive my self ! I am a good clean person and stand by my standders of cleaning I do detailed deep cleaning I don't mind hard work and in good at it !
Housekeeper Details
|Email Address
|Phone Number
Bathroom Cleaning
Kitchen Cleaning
General Room Cleaning
Change Bed Linens
Oven Cleaning
Refrigerator Cleaning
Cabinet Cleaning
Surface Polishing
Carpet Shampooing
Wall Washing
Pet Clean-Up
Attic Clean-Up
Basement Clean-Up
Notes made here will only be seen by you. If you want to message the owner of this listing
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Country Sales Specialists/travel Sales Consultants (chennai Based) ( 2 - 7 yrs)
Victory Corporate Solutions
RS 1,50,000 To 2,50,000 Chennai
The creation and conversion to sale of high quality tailor-made itineraries for current and future Skanda Holidays clients to your region. You are ultimately responsible for planning, selling and implementation of itineraries. To make the most of...
Key Skills : travel sales,country sales,sales,tourisam sales,marketing
RS Up To 50000 Hyderabad, Secunderabad, North Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Warangal, Delhi
Job Profile in Brief : - Information in all internal & external communication generated by the Marketing department. - Ensures adherence to the QMS processes applicable to the Content Management function. - Develops content for marketing collat...
Key Skills : content writter,content writer,content developer,content editor,content editing executive
German Freelance Content Writer ( 1 - 19 yrs)
Trivone Digital Services
RS 1,00,000 To 2,50,000 Hyderabad, Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi
Location: Any location Key desirable points: The candidate should have: - • Strong writing expertise in German language. • A strong business understanding in the mentioned sectors coupled with a conversational style of...
Key Skills : german language expert,german,german language specialist,content writer
Product Specialist ( 0 - 1 yrs)
Green World Group
RS 50,000 To 2,75,000 Kochi, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi
Greetings from Green World Group!! We have an Urgent opening for Product Specialist with min 1 year experience in relevant field. Required Skill: English & Hindi Mandatory. Job Location: Chennai. Salary: Depend upon your experience.
Key Skills : product specialist,soft skill trainer,education counselor,academic counselor,education...
MAKE-UP SPECIALIST ( 0 - 10 yrs)
RS 1,00,000 To 4,00,000 Chennai
communicating with clients to clarify visual requirements; studying the production - reading scripts to ascertain the materials and the look required, budget implications and identifying areas where research is required; producing and sketching des...
Key Skills : make up artist,make-up art,makeup artist,make-up specialist
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Register with us now to apply to these jobs
Opening for Sales/arketing Executive ( 0 - 2 yrs)
Msp Lab Instruments
RS 1,00,000 To 2,25,000 Hyderabad, Chennai
We are seeking for Sales Executive / Business Development Executive. • Role of the person is to know about the products that we deal with and impress the customers to buy our products. • Collaborate with the research and regulatory teams to pre...
Key Skills : market executive,sales executive,analytical chemist,instrument supervisor,equipment & yard...
French Language Specialist ( 1 - 3 yrs)
Whitefont Technology
RS 1,00,000 To 1,25,000 Chennai
French Language Specialist •Expertise In French Language And Comfortable In Interacting With Native Language Business Speakers Through Tele-Calling •Understanding It/Software Product & Services And Able To Communicate Effectively To The ...
Key Skills : computer skill,french language specialist,senior french language specialist
Digital Marketing Specialist ( 2 - 4 yrs)
Mayuri Infomedia
RS 2,00,000 To 4,00,000 Chennai
Strong Experience in Digital Marketing , SEM, SMM, PPC, Internet Marketing & SEO 3 Years of Experience in PPC, SMO, SMM, SEM is a must Ability to apply formulated strategies independently Utilizing a range of techniques including PPC, paid searche...
Key Skills : strong and proven profile on digital marketing,sem,ppc,smm,seo,internet marketing,branding & online reputation management,strongproven profile...
Amamond International
RS 1,00,000 To 2,25,000 Kurnool, UppalKalan, Bangalore, Belgaum, Hubli, Mangalore, Mumbai, Kochinda, Rourkela, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi
We are Amamond International, a Pharmaceutical Company Base Here in Uk, We are Looking for a Serious Business Partner Who Can Supply Us Raw Material from India. am An Employee of a Multi-national Animal Vaccines Production Company Here in Usa a...
Key Skills : head sales,marketing head,it engineer,business offer,business services executive,business services...
Required Genomics Application Specialist ( Fresher)
Xcelris Labs Ltd.
RS 50000 To 3,00,000 Chennai
Currently We Do have An Urgent Opening in Business Development Team. designation: Genomics Application Specialist (gasp) job Location: Chennai job Purpose: Builds Business By Identifying and Selling Genomics Products and Services Specifical...
Key Skills : genomics application specialist,business development,relationship management,application specialist,sale business analyst,customer relationship...
Urgent Opening for Regional/zonal Manager(nephrology) ( 8 - 25 yrs)
Shamisha Resouces Management
RS 7,00,000 To 11,00,000 Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai
Reporting to BU Head · Daily field work · Meet sales objectives of the region · Keep management informed of all worthy sales contacts by submitting call information each week in Sales and Marketing system · ...
Key Skills : field worker,regional,zonal,area,nephrology,regional manager nephrology,nephrology specialist
Ps Apparels India Pvt Ltd
RS 50000 To 60,000 Chennai
Planning Product Ranges and Preparing Sales and Stock Plans in Conjunction with Buyers; liaising with Buyers, Analysts, Stores, Suppliers and Distributors; maintaining a Comprehensive Library of Appropriate Data; working Closely with Visual Displa...
Key Skills : merchandising,management,marketing,business development,merchandising head,marketing executive,merchandiser
Product Manager / Catalog Manager ( 0 - 10 yrs)
RS 1,00,000 To 4,00,000 Chennai
• To take ownership of the Catalogue plan and be responsible for developing the long term and short term Catalogue Strategies, in order to aid customer retention and acquisition, improve mailing efficiencies, working closely with the Marketing & Co...
Key Skills : production management,product analyst,product manager,catalog specialist
Shoot Photographer ( 0 - 10 yrs)
RS 1,00,000 To 4,00,000 Chennai
working with clients to discuss the images they require and how they want to use them; seeking out appropriate photographic subjects and opportunities; carrying out research and preparation for a shoot; working in different locations and in differ...
Key Skills : photography,photographer,shoot photographer
Sales/Product Specialist - Health Care Gynecology ( 0 - 3 yrs)
Bion Atrium Medical Care
RS 1,00,000 To 2,50,000 Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Bangalore, Mangalore, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai
Looking for young talented smart people for different locations in south and west india cities for handling US based gynaecology products patented in the direct sales field
Key Skills : sales,product specialist,marketing,business development
Business Development Executives ( 0 - 3 yrs)
Synergic Information Solutions
RS 1,00,000 To 3,75,000 Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai
The Sales Specialist will drive sales of CAD Solutions to customers in a defined territory. The Specialist is responsible for achieving sales quota and assigned revenue objectives of the CAD Solutions identified by the Engineering Services Business U...
Key Skills : business development executives,business development executive,business development officer,business development head,business development manager
Integration Specialist ( 2 - 10 yrs)
Ims Staffing
RS 5,00,000 To 7,50,000 Bangalore, Chennai
Integration Specialist domain travel / GDS – AMADUES Engagement model : consultant / full-time / part-time employment Strong exposure in Amadues Architecture is a must . Purpose Support customers in the integration of Amadeus and custome...
Key Skills : amadues architecture,integration specialist
Production Planning Control Engineer Required in Mnc Company ( 1 - 2 yrs)
Global Placement Services
RS 1,00,000 To 1,75,000 Chennai
We needed BE (EEE/ECE/MECH/AUTO/AERO/E&I) fresher's candidates in Top leading manufacturing company in Chennai. -Food and transport are available. -Attractive salary + incentives. -Registration is applicable. Designation: Graduate En...
Key Skills : product specialist,production planning,production maintenance,production engineering
Sales & Application Specialist ( 3 - 4 yrs)
Navodaya Consultancy Services
RS 2,00,000 To 4,75,000 Vadodara, Vapi, Bangalore, Pune, Chennai, Haridwar, Rudrapur-Udham, Delhi
- Securing New Businesses & Lead Generation - To identify & be responsible for new Business Developments. - To create account plan for each large opportunity. Salary:INR Commensurate with experience. Package consists of fixed & excellent variable...
Key Skills : sales specialist,marketing manager,business development manager,customer sales manager
Territory Manager/Area Sales Manager in Chennai ( 1 - 3 yrs)
Saffron Consultancy Services(scs)
RS 2,00,000 To 4,00,000 Chennai
1. To meet Super Specialist Doctor (Endoscopists, Laparo Surgeons etc.), technicians, para-medical staff for product demonstration and sales. 2. Assisting doctors in OT, Endoscopy suites as and when required. 3. To achieve monthly & annual sales targ...
Key Skills : sales,distributor management,territory sales manager,distributor management executive,marketing manager,business development manager
Freshers for Software Marketing Executive ( Fresher)
RS 1,00,000 To 1,50,000 Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, c
Fresher Software Marketing Executive looking for a Seasoned Management Sales Professional Who is Proficient in Building and Scaling Teams for It Companies. Maintain a High Level of Sales Activity Including Prospecting, Proposal Presentation, Negotia...
Key Skills : Software Marketing Executive,Sales Executive,Business Development Executive
Software Sales and Marketing ( 1 - 2 yrs)
Certify Technologies
RS 50000 To 1,25,000 Chennai
-Willing to work in a start-up growing company -Must have good communication skill -1-2 years experience in IT Sales and marketing -Attending initial sales meetings and meeting the client -Determining a clients business requirements and w...
Key Skills : it engineer,business analyst,software sales engineer,sales,marketing,pmis...
Immediate Job Opening with Leading German Based Company Job ( 8 yrs)
Culminant Outlook
RS 6,00,000 To 8,00,000 Chennai
We have An Immediate Job Opening with One of Our Reputed Client At Thiruvallur. the Details are as Follows, position : Manager - Purchase qualification : DME/B.E experience : Min 8+ Years salary : Not Constraint for Rig...
Key Skills : purchase manager,sap,ts,rfq,procurement specialist,purchase officer,purchase coordinator,purchase head,portal netweaver,abap...
Performance Testing Opening ( 4 yrs)
Anant Global Placement Services
RS 6,00,000 To 9,00,000 Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kochi, Mumbai, Thane, Chennai, Navi Mumbai
Highly motivated load testing specialist with solid LoadRunner, C-programming and technical lead skills needed for an internet solutions development team responsible for high-transaction-volume commercial applications based upon multi-tier J2EE and ....
Key Skills : Performance Testing,Load Testing,Load Runner,C programming,Performance Tester
Wingas Oil & Gas Company,Usa? Job Vacancy/recruitment.apply Now!!!! ( 1 - 31 yrs)
Wingas Oil and Gas Company Ltd
RS 1,25,000 To 17,00,000 Hyderabad, North Delhi, Goa Velha, Panaji, Chenani, Jammu, Bangalore, Mysore, Gwalior, Karera, Chennai, Kerakat, Kolkata, Kolkata Suburb, Delhi
Wingas Oil & Gas Company,Usa? Job Vacancy/recruitment.apply Now traded as Asx: Wpl industry: Oil and Gas predecessor: Woodside (lakes Entrance) Oil Co Nl founded: 26 July 1954 headquarters: 1051 Hardman Road,Rutland,Usa Vt 05701,Usa key Peo...
Key Skills : finance executive,finance management
Freshers Job Opening for Hcl 2014,2015&2016 ( 0 - 1 yrs)
Crux Consulting Services
RS Up To 1,75,000 Bangalore, Chennai, Greater Noida
Greetings from Crux we have An Urgent Fresher Requirement from Hcl Technologies (payroll of Collabera) for Service Desk Engineer and Data Centre Operations, Where Resources Will Be Supporting Customers and Clients On (windows, Sharepoint and Mainfra...
Key Skills : it engineer,technical support engineer,computer engineer,pmis specialist,ict...


text: See the C:\Program Files\Adobe\Premiere Pro x.x\ReadMe file for important information about edit decision lists (EDL). See also several of the Adobe Technical Support Documents. Retrieved from "http://premierepro.wikia.com/wiki/Edit_Decision_List?oldid=5414" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Edit Decision List Add category Cancel Save


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In Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi, Ishaani (Radhika Madan) and Ritika (Smriti Khanna) have challenged to unveil each other's secret. While Ishaani has no proofs for Ritika's crime believes on God and luck, Ritika, on the other hand, trust herself and her evil deeds to outdo Ishaani.
In previous episode, Ritika got closer to RV in Chada's Anniversary party, claiming herself as RV's wife. She made a plan with Amba to send Ishaani out of the house, so that Ishaani gets stuck in the work and Ritika can make it to the event.
Spoiler: Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi: Ranveer Does It Again For Ishaani; Kicks A Man In The Party!
Sharman and Prateek see Ritika and Ranveer (Shakti Arora) going out for the party and are stunned. At the same time, Amba, who watches Sharman and Prateek shocked, reminds Ishaani's place in RV's life. This makes Sharman angry and calls Ishaani and reveals the truth.
Ishaani, who is stuck in traffic finds no way to make it to the party. By then Shikar, who gets Sharman's message helps Ishaani to reach the event. Shikar is also shocked to see Chirag's mother in an argument with the security!
Ishaani, who also claims to be RV's wife, is made fun of and is also teased by a youngster in the party. Leaving Ritika aside, RV goes to Ishaani's rescue. He kicks the man and takes Ishaani home.
Spoiler: Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi: Ishaani Gives RV Clue About Ritika's Crimes;Shikar Spoils;Ritika Challenges
Also, on the way back home, Ishaani gives a clue of her accident and Chirag's death. She indirectly says that there is someone involved in this. Unfortunately, RV doesn't believe her and thinks the story is cooked-up one.
Ishaani now makes a plan to get close to RV in friendly manner and asks RV his three wishes that she will fulfil. RV tells his three wishes as - Watching stars, Dancing and Pottery. With these moments together, both Ishveer will revive their friendship and relive their childhood moments.
Amba and Ritika trap Ishaani in their plan such that she won't be able to attend the party with RV, but instead Ritika attend.
Ritika manages to lie to RV by telling Ishaani doesn't want to attend the party as she has some work.
Sharman and Prateek are shocked to see Ritika with RV. While Amba taunt them by showing Ishaani her real place in RV's life.
Shikar drops Ishaani to the party and sees Chirag's mother arguing with the security.
A Man At Party Misbehaves With Ishaani
A man misbehaves with Ishaani at the party, who will be almost kicked out.


text: VIP VIP Insider (6/27): Reacting to Merrimack's 2017-18 Schedule By Mike McMahon Posted on June 27, 2017 Share Tweet Share Share Email This content is for VIP members only. The Mack Report attempts to sustain itself on advertising revenue, but to the extent that is not possible, it relies — much like public broadcasting — on the contributions of its readers. There is no obligation to subscribe in order to enjoy The Mack Report — many of our features remain free — but every little bit helps us continue to provide top-notch coverage. Instead of asking for donations, we have decided to offer some VIP-exclusive features as a way to give our supporters something a little extra. Log InRegister Related Items:Highlighted, VIP Insider Share Tweet Share Share Email Recommended for you Former Merrimack Men's Basketball Coach Bert Hammel Undergoes Heart Surgery Merrimack Women's Hockey Forward Jackie Pieper Transfers to Minnesota PG Mikey Watkins Commits to Merrimack for 2018


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Vegas Mobile Sportsbooks – The Las Vegas Experience Right from Your Tablet or Smartphone
Mobile sportsbooks let you experience the excitement and rush of sports betting in Las Vegas, without requiring a costly and time-intensive trip. Accordingly, we created the Vegas Mobile Sportsbooks site to keep you informed about the best mobile sports betting experiences you can find on the Web. The sites we recommend give you access to legally licensed and reputable mobile sports betting options that have been in operation for years, and have been certified to support US and international sports bettors. They all have action on NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL, PGA, NCAA and other global sporting leagues. For those of you fortunate enough to visit Sin City in the flesh, we've included a helpful resource guide that covers the Top 5 Vegas Sportsbooks. For the rest of us, the following information on mobile sports betting will provide access to industry leading options no matter where you are.
Whether you are running the older Android Jelly Bean operating system, you prefer your sports betting on an iPad with Retina display, or your favorite mobile experience is provided by your BlackBerry Playbook tablet, the Las Vegas style mobile sportsbooks we have reviewed are automatically customized for your particular device. Let's take a look at the major mobile operating systems that most current smartphones and tablets run on, and the best online sportsbooks that support them. Initially we've launched two premium sportsbook reviews including the Bovada Mobile Sportsbook review and the BetOnline Mobile Sportsbook review.
Bovada was one of the first mobile sports betting apps to hit the scene, and they've quickly earned a reputation for being the premium USA friendly sportsbook gambling destination.
- 50% Match Bonus Up To $250
- Legitimately Licensed By Kahnawake Gaming Commission
- Enticing Seasonal Promotions Throughout the Year
- Account Provides Access To Casino, Poker and Sports Betting
Top Mobile Sportsbooks
|Bovada Sportsbook
|Visit Site
|Read Review
|Betonline Sportsbook
|Visit Site
|Read Review
Android Mobile Sportsbooks
More mobile devices are powered by the Android operating system than any other OS in the world. Odds are you are accessing this information from an Android powered device if you are on the go. The most popular and highest rated legally licensed sportsbooks understand this. That's why they have integrated special software into their site coding to support Android devices running operating systems as old as Froyo and Gingerbread. This includes tablets as well as smartphones. The best Android mobile sportsbooks give you the Las Vegas experience, whether you are on a Samsung phone or Google Nexus tablet. There is no software to download, and your user control panel automatically adjusts to the size and orientation of your display. You'll also find excellent cash bonuses, credit card account funding and competitive lines and odds at the Android mobile sportsbooks we have tested and recommend.
Blackberry Mobile Sportsbooks
The BlackBerry mobile operating system is the third most popular OS for tablets and smartphones. The proprietary software is created by the BlackBerry company for its line of mobile devices. Your mobile experience may be powered by the BlackBerry 10 operating system, the BlackBerry tablet OS, or some older version. Regardless, the legally licensed and certified BlackBerry mobile sportsbooks we have reviewed all offer a "no download" experience. There is no time-wasting, memory-hogging software, as responsive mobile technology immediately identifies the size of your screen, it's aspect ratio, and its orientation. What does this mean to you? It means that your BlackBerry mobile sportsbook experience at the top sports betting sites we recommend is perfectly formatted to whatever type of BlackBerry powered device you own. As with all of the online bookmakers listed on our site, you will also receive multiple banking options, excellent welcome bonuses and player rewards, and mobile betting bonuses.
iPhone Mobile Sportsbooks
The iconic iPhone is the single most owned smartphone in the world. Ease of use, speed and reliability, accompanied with innovation, have made the Apple iPhone the bestselling mobile phone in history. That is why the top Internet bookmakers have ensured that the latest and most popular Apple iOS mobile operating systems are supported. And this happens without a download. When you click through the links we provide, you will be taken to those legally licensed online sportsbooks that give you a "no download" mobile sports betting experience on your iPhone. This will include access to live betting, player bonuses and incentives, multiple banking options and in some cases, a free mobile bet. We have thoroughly reviewed those online sportsbooks which allow you to enjoy a mobile iPhone betting experience, and the top operators are listed here.
iPad Mobile Sportsbooks
When the iPad appeared in 2010, it was not the first tablet to hit the mobile marketplace. But it was, and is, far and away the most popular and bestselling tablet PC of all time. The iPad Mini has also been a big seller, and on any Apple tablet you can access the best legally licensed mobile sportsbooks the web has to offer. We have reviewed and recommend only the top rated online sports betting sites that offer a seamless transition from your computer or smartphone to your iPad. As soon as you log into one of the top Internet sportsbooks recommended here on our site, unique software goes to work immediately. The size and orientation of your screen, and the resolution and aspect ratio of your display, are instantly taken into account. The result is the perfect user interface and control panel to make your sports betting quick and easy. At the top rated iPad mobile sportsbooks you will also receive generous welcome bonuses, plenty of deposit options and attractive betting lines and bonuses.
Windows Phone Mobile Sportsbooks
The Windows Phone mobile operating system was previously known as Windows Mobile. And even if you own a device which uses one of the older Windows Mobile operating system versions, you can still enjoy "on the go" sports betting excitement. Your Nokia Lumia, HTC smartphone and Surface tablet powered by Windows Phone software are all supported by the best mobile sportsbooks. And the top online sports betting sites we recommend support all major and most minor sporting leagues from around the world, with no download required. You simply access the website on your Windows Phone tablet or mobile phone, and your user interface is intelligently customized for your particular display. We have ensured that all of the Windows Phone mobile sportsbooks we recommend are legally licensed to support US and international gamblers, they all deliver excellent welcome bonuses and player incentives, and present multiple banking options.


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Our friends at Fidella have upgraded the Fly Tai to a larger size to help you carry your bigger babies longer! The toddler size is recommended from 5 months and upward. As always, the wrap conversion meh dai is 100% organic cotton and fully adjustable to grow with your baby until toddlerhood.
- Usable from 5 months and up - 10kg-30kg (22-66 LBS)
- Material: BODY - 100% organic cotton- PADDING-100% Polyester
- Weight: 230 g/m²
- Can be for front and back carrying
- Padded leg openings
- Waist soft and not too thickly padded
- Shoulder straps are padded to wrap
- Hood serves as a neck support or sun protection
- Adjustable bridge: 24 - 45 cm (9.5-18 inches)
- Adjustable back panel : 33 - 48 cm (13 -19 inches)
- Shoulder straps of 200 cm (78 inches)
- Waist belt: 57 - 190 cm ( 22-75 inches)
Wash Instructions:
Handwash (not submerged), Lay Flat to dry, No Iron
*All images of this products are for representation purposes only. Please be aware that the final product in hand may have slight variations in color and texture when compared to the product photo.*
Formerly known as Mei Tai


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would love that thick cock to force it's way deep into my ass. So huge I bet I could blow it while it pushed in between my breasts. Cum next time! Looks like you need to x
I bet you make some girl happy with that cock. I wish there some how i could due this and show my cock off like this and send to my friend Anya
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Vogue Young Fashionables 7192; ca. 1967; Jumper and Jumpsuit. Above-knee A-line jumper has welt pockets. Jumpsuit with Peter Pan collar has shirt sleeves and pockets in side seams.
Featured in Vogue Pattern Book October/November 1967, and in Vogue Patterns Counter Catalog December 1967
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Richie Smyth is a filmmaker and comics writer from Dublin. He had directed music videos for U2, and is working on a film about Parkour running. He is also co-writing a four issue comic miniseries, Dead Soldier, with John Moore, drawn by Dean Hyrapiet, to be published by Dynamite Entertainment and Liquid Comics, beginning in September 2010.
External linksEdit
- Newsarama on Dead Soldier, 3 September 2010
Online referenceEdit
- Richie Smyth on IMDB