text:
Sr. Rose Pacatte, a member of the Daughters of St. Paul, is the Director of the Pauline Center for Media Studies in Los Angeles.
Sr. Rose Pacatte
News Articles
Articles by Sr. Rose Pacatte
Netflix's 'The Keepers' investigates nun's unsolved murder, a case tied to sex abuse, cover-upMay. 22, 2017 Global Sisters Report
'Birth of a Nation' gives much to discussOct. 1, 2016 Media
The light of grace in human storiesSep. 17, 2016 Media
'Ben-Hur': Judah's redemption pathAug. 17, 2016 Media
Ron Howard's thrilling 'In the Heart of the Sea' tells story of man against natureDec. 4, 2015 Media
'India's Daughter' brings gender inequality, violence against women into sharp focusNov. 16, 2015 Media
'Spotlight' brings Globe's investigation of clergy sex abuse to filmNov. 5, 2015 Accountability, Media
'He Named Me Malala': A normal, heroic girlSep. 12, 2015 Media, World
- 1 of 4
- next ›
Blog Posts
Hulu's 'The Handmaid's Tale' presents striking oppression, silent sisterhoodMay. 10, 2017 NCR Today
Netflix's '13 Reasons Why' could save livesMay. 2, 2017 NCR Today
The world of 'The Promise' is all too familiarApr. 21, 2017 NCR Today
'The Zookeeper's Wife' is uneven but inspiringApr. 3, 2017 NCR Today
Flannery O'Connor finally gets a documentaryMar. 20, 2017 NCR Today
'The Shack': finding God in the darkMar. 3, 2017 NCR Today
2016 was a good year for HollywoodFeb. 25, 2017 NCR Today
'Ransom': the best TV show you aren't watchingFeb. 23, 2017 NCR Today
Liam Neeson sees God as love, not a stern masterJan. 19, 2017 NCR Today
How is the film 'Silence' art?Jan. 13, 2017 NCR Today
Scorsese's 'Silence' is his most Catholic filmDec. 21, 2016 NCR Today
- 1 of 15
- next ›
Book Reviews
The tumultuous times of Corita KentAug. 3, 2016
Essays capture the texture of Catholic Worker lifeApr. 1, 2015 Justice, People
The inner realities of cinematic sistersFeb. 12, 2014 Media
NCR Email Alerts
Sign up to get NCR updates by email. Existing users: change your preferences here. Enter your email address in the box below and click "Go."


text:
Nail Polish Colors, Pick Yours
Nail Colors ~ It's that time of year. What time? Well that depends, but your nail colors should celebrate the season no matter what it is! Using nail polish colors to portray a holiday, a mood, a muse or whatever is so playful and fun. Having said that, it's important to know how to use nail colors that suit not only your skin tones and occasion but also your outfit.
The Basics Of Polish Colors
Some say a smile is a lady's letter of introduction, but in many cases a well-appointed hand says volumes. The key to your message depends on some specific factors. For example, when the winter holidays roll around don't hesitate to add some sparkle and rich jewel tones. Meanwhile, spring is far lighter and more playful. The timing, however, is not your only consideration for successful nail polish colors.
Skin Tone
Darker skinned women look better in nail polish colors that have some yellow in them. Light complexions do well with nail colors that have a hint of blue. Medium skinned people can look to rich reds or wine hues, while olive skin should side with browns and gold.
Celebration / Observance
While your skin tone determines a key color element, that's not the end of things. The setting you're going into matters too. It's one thing to go clubbing with amazing vibrant colors (that can shine even in dim light), it's another to keep that nail finish when you go to work the next day!
Professional settings typically appreciate more restraint. So don't forget to do a quick clean off the night before you have to go to the office, and replace any wild and whimsical nail polish colors with something more conservative.
The Colors of YOU
Another important factor in choosing nail colors is that they reflect how you feel and who you are. That's where nail art has become really fun. Now it's not just about color, but also the little pictures or symbols you can put on your nails. If we're sticking with just color, however, don't think you're boxed in.
Celebrating "rainbow awareness" ??? Well wear rainbow colored polish! If it's your birthday, wear the colors you love and that make you feel fabulous.
Nail Polish Foundation
A lot of people make the mistake of putting polish on an untreated nail. But just like a good face foundation makes a much more finished and smooth looking skin, a nail foundation helps hides bumps and nail blemishes.
Also don't forget the little things. Make sure your nails are shaped, filed, and clean. From that foundation you can wear a lot of looks confidently. Don't forget to round out your overall presentation with your other makeup products and jewelry that draws attention to where you want it most.
Enjoy, nail polish colors!
© 2005-2017 Beauty And The Bath.com
All Rights Reserved World Wide

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Browse by
Coupon Codes
Top Coupons
Free Shipping Coupons
Travel Coupons
Copier Coupons
Copier Coupons
Thanks for visiting coupontopay.com for Online Copier Coupons in 2017: CouponToPay carries exclusive collection of 8 coupons for Copier including promotions and 107 stores from this category to optimize your shopping expense. Apply the Copier Coupon Code, also referred as promo code or promotional code to your purchase during checkout with availability and take advantage of this online shopping service. Check back for regular updates on Copier Coupons at CouponToPay or subscribe for instant alert to your inbox and do not spend full price anymore. Chat with us for instant support for any specific requirement.
show less
show more
Copier Coupons for July 2017
Save big on ink and toner cartridges
view more Inkjets.com coupons
more +
Shop for largest collection of ink cartridges, laser toner, fax ribbons, and copier toner from major brands.
Wide selection of Printer Cartridges
view more Cartridges Direct coupons
more +
Find the largest and most trusted sources of genuine printer, copier and fax cartridges.
Shop for Printer Cartridges
view more Cartridge Depot coupons
more +
Find the most brands Copier Cartridges, Laser & Toner Cartridges and Inkjet Cartridges.
Huge saving on printer suppplies
view more TonerMax coupons
more +
Shop inkjet cartridges for printer, copier or fax machine from top brands such as Apple, Brother, Dell, Canon, Panasonic, Samsung, Kodak, Sharp and more with applying Toner Max coupon codes.
Search for toner refill kits
view more Toner refill yourself coupons
more +
Shop toner refill kits for all laser printers, compatible toner cartridge refilling, copiers or faxes machines and more with using Toner refill yourself coupons.
Find Powerful and decent Blu-ray copier and ripper, dvd copy and ripper software
view more Ideal DVD Software coupons
more +
Find Powerful and decent Blu-ray copier and ripper, dvd copy and ripper software for an affordable price. Search for DVD to Avi Converter, DVD to iPad Converter and more at idealdvdcopy.com.
Find one-stop-shop for all your printer ink needs with economical prices
view more Ink Cartridges coupons
more +
Shop for full line of ink cartridges, toner cartridges, ribbons, and laser toner, for nearly any make and model of printer, copier or fax machine from top brands.
Find latest Technology Related Products, Furniture, Office Supplies and Cleaning Supplies
view more Office Products Mall coupons
more +
Find latest Technology Related Products, Furniture, Office Supplies and Cleaning Supplies at affordable prices from Office Products Mall. Shop for Office Supplies, Office Furniture, Office Chairs, Tables, Shelving, Office Technology, Paper, Pads, Office Cleaning, Ink and Toners, Copier Supplies and more.
About Us
Contact Us
Terms of Use
Privacy Policy
© 2017 CouponToPay.com


text:
Towards a dynamic balance between humans and automation: authority, ability, responsibility and control in shared and cooperative control situations
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
- Citations
- 4.2k Downloads
Progress enables the creation of more automated and intelligent machines with increasing abilities that open up new roles between humans and machines. Only with a proper design for the resulting cooperative human–machine systems, these advances will make our lives easier, safer and enjoyable rather than harder and miserable. Starting from examples of natural cooperative systems, the paper investigates four cornerstone concepts for the design of such systems: ability, authority, control and responsibility, as well as their relationship to each other and to concepts like levels of automation and autonomy. Consistency in the relations between these concepts is identified as an important quality for the system design. A simple graphical tool is introduced that can help to visualize the cornerstone concepts and their relations in a single diagram. Examples from the automotive domain, where a cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles is under investigation, demonstrate the application of the concepts and the tool. Transitions in authority and control, e.g. initiated by changes in the ability of human or machine, are identified as key challenges. A sufficient consistency of the mental models of human and machines, not only in the system use but also in the design and evaluation, can be a key enabler for a successful dynamic balance between humans and machines.
KeywordsAssistant systems Automation Human-machine cooperation Adaptive automation Levels of automation Balanced automation
1 Introduction: The fragile balance between humans and automation
In general, scientific and technological progress, in close coupling with cultural achievements, offers benefits that our ancestors could only dream of. Properly applied, machines can make our lives easier, and improperly applied, machines can make our lives really miserable. Advances in hardware and software power hold promise for the creation of more and more intelligent and automated machines.
How do we design these complex human machine systems? How do we balance between exploiting increasingly powerful technologies and retaining authority for the human? How can we define clear, safe, efficient and enjoyable roles between humans and automated machines? Which of the subsystems of future human–machine systems should have which ability, which authority and which responsibility? Can authority, responsibility and control be traded dynamically between human and automation? What other concepts besides authority and responsibility do we need to describe and shape a dynamic but stable balance between humans and automation?
Applied to movement, vehicles, a special kind of machines, can help us to move further, faster, safer and more efficient. These moving machines become more capable and autonomous as well: At the beginning of the twenty-first century, vehicles like modern airplanes are already so sophisticated that they can operate autonomously for extended periods. Prototype cars utilizing machine vision can, under limited circumstances, drive fully autonomously on public highways (Dickmanns 2002), deserts (e.g. Thrun et al. 2006) or urban environments (Montemerlo et al. 2008; Wille et al. 2010).
But advances in hardware and software do not automatically guarantee more intelligent vehicles. More importantly, intelligent or autonomous vehicles do not necessarily mean progress from which humans can really benefit. In aviation, a forerunner in technology through the twentieth century, the development towards highly automated and intelligent aircraft led not only to a reduction of physical workload but also to problems like mode confusion, human-out-of-the-loop and many more (Billings 1997; FAA 1996; Wiener 1989). This could create what Bainbridge calls the "ironies of automation," where "by taking away the easy parts of human tasks, automation can make the difficult parts … more difficult" (Bainbridge 1983). If more and more assistance and automation subsystems are possible for vehicles, how do they cooperate with the human, what abilities do they have, what authority for the control of which aspects of the driving task and who bears which responsibility?
In an effort to foster the understanding of underlying principles and facilitate the answers to some of these open questions, this paper starts with a brief look into natural cooperative systems and then investigates four cornerstone concepts for the design of human–machine systems: ability, authority, control and responsibility. An ontology of these cornerstone concepts is developed to provide a framework of consistent relations between the four as basis for further analysis and design. The cornerstone concepts are linked to other important concepts like level of automation or autonomy. Consistency between ability, authority, control and responsibility is identified as an important quality of a human–machine system. Additionally, a graphical tool is developed that can help to simplify the design and analysis of human machine systems by visualizing the cornerstone concepts and their relations in a single diagram. The use of the devised framework and its visualization are demonstrated by the application to the human–machine interaction in existing prototypes of highly automated vehicles.
2 Inspiration for ability, authority, control and responsibility in cooperative situations from non-technical life
In general, if machines become more and more intelligent, what role should they play together with humans? The interplay of intelligent entities is historically not new, but as old as intelligence itself. In nature and everyday life, there are many examples for this: flocks or herds of animals living and moving together, or people interacting with each other and the environment. Acting together does not necessarily mean acting towards common goals: Competitive behaviour like hunting for the same food source or in the extreme killing each other is quite common in nature. Competitive behaviour in the form of market competition might be a necessary part of human life, and competitive behaviour in the form of war is clearly an undesirable part of human life. In contrast to the competition, cooperation as a means to successfully compete together against other groups or against challenging circumstances seems to be a historically newer, but quite successful, concept.
Applied to movement, cooperation is also a common concept in the non-technical world. Imagine a crowd of people moving along a street, including a parent and a child walking hand-in-hand. Another example would be a driver and a horse both influencing the course of a horse cart, or a pilot and a co-pilot alternatively controlling an airplane. Differences and interplay of abilities, authority, control and responsibility shape out different characteristics of those cooperative movement systems.
A young child on the hand of the parent will have a different authority than her parent, e.g., to determine the crossing of a busy road. The decision when and how to cross the road will depend here mainly on the weaker ability of the child (and the ability of the parent to carry the child quickly out of danger if necessary). If something goes wrong, the parent will be held completely responsible.
Imagine the situation of a rider or coach driver and a horse: The horse has much stronger and faster abilities in movement, but the human usually has a higher authority except in emergency situations where the horse already reacts before the human might even be aware of a danger. The human can control the horse quite directly with a tight rein, or more indirectly with a loose rein. Even with a loose rein, the human will keep a majority of the responsibility. The breeder (or owner) will only be held responsible, if the horse behaves outside of the range of accepted behaviour.
These natural examples of cooperative behaviour, here especially cooperative movement, can also be helpful to understand and design human–machine systems. The metaphor of an electronic co-pilot is used in aviation (e.g. Flemisch and Onken 1999) and in car and truck safety systems, e.g. Holzmann et al. 2006. While the co-pilot metaphor is also raising anthropomorphic expectations, the metaphor of horse and rider (or horse and cart driver) describes a more asymmetric relationship of cooperative control of movement (Flemisch et al. 2003). The examples have influenced both the framework of ability, authority, control and responsibility and the example, e.g., of highly automated vehicles in the EU project HAVEit, described further down. The examples can also be an inspiration for any kind of human–machine system dealing with ability, authority, control and responsibility issues.
3 Ontology: human–machine systems, ability, authority, control and responsibility between humans and machines
To have a chance to grab the essence of cooperation in human machine systems in general, and especially of authority, ability, control and responsibility, let's apply a rather abstract perspective for a moment and describe the concepts more precisely.
For human–machine systems, the behaviour of the machine (i.e. its abilities, the amount of control it exercises and the distribution of authority and responsibility between human and machine) is determined outside in the meta-system. The meta-system includes, among others, the equipment and people responsible for the development and the evaluation, see Fig. 2. This determination is done usually before and after the operation phase, e.g. during the development phase or in an after-the-fact evaluation phase, e.g. in case of an accident. An important feedback loop is running via the meta-system, where experience is used to enhance the system design for future systems.
While the action and action selection should always exist, especially the perception could be missing, e.g. if the actor does not receive certain sensor information (e.g. a human taking his eyes from the situation). From a control theory perspective, the "closed-loop control" changes to what is called "open-loop control," in case it is not closed by the perception of the outcome of the control action, thereby altering the overall system dynamics. From a human factors perspective, missing perception might cause an "out-of-the-loop" problem (e.g. Endsley and Kiris 1995) that refers to the fact that necessary parts of the control loop are not present or activated enough so that control cannot be asserted.
Ability in general is the "possession of the means or skill to do something" (Oxford Dictionary). Applied to human machine systems, ability can be defined as the possession of the means or skill to perceive and/or select an adequate action and/or act appropriately.
Related in meaning and also frequently used is the term competency that "refers to correct behaviour in context" (Miller and Parasuraman 2007). In many cases, a control task requires not only skills but also the use of certain resources. Therefore, the term ability used in the following text includes having the necessary competence, skills and resources (e.g. time, tools or personnel) to execute control, including perception, action selection and action.
Control authority: This is the authority of the actors to execute a certain control, or as described more precisely further down, a certain control distribution.
(Control) Change authority: This is the authority to change the control authority to another control distribution giving more or less control to one of the actors.
Authority could even be abstracted or broken down further to relate to any part of the control loop or interaction between actors, such as the authority to perceive, to act, to change the aim or to inform or warn the other actor (Miller and Parasuraman 2007).
Responsibility describes "a moral obligation to behave correctly," "the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something" or "the state or fact of being accountable or to blame for something" (Oxford Dictionary). Applied to human machine systems, responsibility is assigned beforehand to motivate certain actions and evaluated afterwards, where the actor is held accountable or to blame for a state or action of the human machine system and consequences resulting thereof. It can make sense to differentiate between a subjective responsibility that an actor feels regarding his actions, which can differ from the objective responsibility mostly defined by other entities and by which the actor is then judged.
Before we proceed with the four cornerstones ability, authority, control and responsibility, a brief look is taken into some of the many more related or connected concepts. One example is autonomy as a quality how much actors depend on each other in their actions (described in further detail, e.g., by Miller 2005). Autonomy is used, e.g., in the job demand-control model (Karasek 1979), stating that high demand without sufficient autonomy leads to stress. Autonomy and the fragile balance with its antipodal quality cooperativeness can be an important aspect to explain why certain task combinations work better than others.
Another example is the concept of levels of automation (Parasuraman et al. 2000) which e.g. (Miller 2005) describes as follows: "A 'Level of Automation' is, therefore, a combination of tasks delegated at some level of abstraction with some level of authority and resources delegated with some level of authority to be used to perform that (and perhaps other) task(s). The 'level of automation' in a human–machine system increases if the level of abstraction, level of aggregation or level of authority […] increases". In this paper, levels of (assistance and) automation corresponds to the distribution of control. A high level of automation is a control distribution with a high percentage of control done by the machine and a low level of automation with a low percentage of control done by the machine.
Now back to the four cornerstones of this paper, how do the concepts ability, authority, control and responsibility relate to one another?
The most evident relationship is between ability and control: Ability enables control, or in other words, no successful control is possible without sufficient ability. Second, the appropriate authority is needed to be allowed to control. Note, however, that control does not occur automatically once the ability and authority exist; the actor still needs to execute control. A certain subjective or objective responsibility might motivate him to do so. Depending on the a priori responsibility and the control actions, a final responsibility results, leaving the actor accountable for his actions.
In other words, responsibility should not be bigger than ability and should not be bigger than authority.
More precisely, the portion of control for which (a priori) responsibility is assigned should be less or equal to the portion of control for which authority is granted and ability is available. Authority to control should only be granted to less or equal the extent that can be covered by the given ability. Remember that as defined above, the ability does not only include the skills and competence of each actor but also the resources at his disposal and therefore subsumes even their abilities. Responsibility without sufficient authority and ability would not be fair. The actor should have authority or responsibility only for (control) tasks that he or his resources are able to perform. It would not be wise to give authority to actors who do not have the appropriate ability.
Often, there is a tendency that authority should not be smaller than ability: Especially humans who estimate their abilities high also want to have an appropriate authority. In addition, sometimes, the existence of sufficient ability and authority to control constitutes also the responsibility to control. An example is a situation where a person had the ability to help another person in danger, did not help and is held responsible afterwards. This is brought to the point in the phrase from the movie "Spiderman," "With great power comes great responsibility," which originally can be attributed to Voltaire. In the context of this publication, power means having the ability and the control authority. Hence, the extent of given ability and authority may hint a certain responsibility, as indicated in Fig. 4.
4 Visualization of ability, authority, control and responsibility in A2CR diagrams
Each actor (human and machine) has certain abilities. Therefore, not every control distribution might be possible. More precisely, it is of importance whether human and machine have the ability to handle a certain control distribution, which might also depend on the situation. An example would be an emergency situation where an imminent action is necessary and the human cannot perform it due to his limited reaction time.
Within a level of automation, the control distribution is usually not very precise, but can have a certain variety; therefore, these areas are visualized by small bars in the diagram (e.g. Fig. 7). Furthermore, only one level of automation can be active; the so-called current control authority is indicated by a solid border around the bars. The non-active levels of automation resemble potential control authority and are indicated by a dashed border around the bars.
The authority to change the control distribution is indicated by arrows that symbolize the scope and direction in which human (top arrow) and machine (bottom arrow) are allowed to change the control distribution. In this example (Fig. 7), the human is allowed to change the control distribution (for both human and machine) in both directions (indicated by solid arrow), while the machine is only allowed to propose a change in control (indicated by dashed arrow), but not to change the control distribution directly.
It can be helpful to distinguish between the actual control, which a most objective observer from outside would determine, and notional control, which is yet to be established. In this tension field between actual and notional (a term that goes back to a concept by Schutte and Goodrich 2007), a control token can be a representation of the notional control. Just like in mediaeval times a crown or a sceptre indicated authority, responsibility and power, a control token can be understood as symbol for the notional or desired distribution of control between two actors. Control tokens are not the control itself, but are a representation of the notional control that points towards the actual control. An example for a control token is the graphical marker of who is in control in an automation display. The location of the control token can be applied in the diagram as well. It is symbolized by the "C" marker. In certain control situations, it can make sense to split up the control token and differentiate between an explicit display of control and an action for the exchange of control. An example for this would be a situation, where the human does an action for the exchange of control, like pressing a button, and takes this already for the actual exchange of control, without realizing that the machine might not be able to actually accept and execute the control.
The responsibilities of human and automation can also be visualized in the assistance and automation scale, see Fig. 9, where a marker "R" indicates the responsibility distribution or shared responsibility. In this instantiation, the people and/or organizations behind the machine carry a majority of the responsibility, while the human operator carries a minority. It is important to note here that after the fact, it is quite common to use a numerical description of responsibility (e.g. 20–80%) such as in law suites regarding the sharing of the penalty between operator, operator's organization and manufacturer of the machine. However, a priori, the distribution of responsibility is hardly a crisp number, but often described in linguistic terms. A quite common distribution of responsibility is that (the humans behind) the machines (e.g. the developers) are responsible for a correct behaviour within the state of the art described, e.g., in standards, while the human operator is responsible for a correct use of the machine, e.g., as described in the manual. Even if the a priori responsibility might be fuzzy, (it makes sense) it makes nevertheless sense to think about this already in the design phase of the human machine system.
5 Consistency between ability, authority, control and responsibility (A2CR consistency)
The distribution of responsibility and authority and the control changes over times can be designed in many different ways, but it is highly desirable to ensure certain principles. Miller and Parasuraman (2007), for example, demands that "human–machine systems must be designed for an appropriate relationship, allowing both parties to share responsibility, authority, and autonomy in a safe, efficient, and reliable fashion." This relates to other interaction guidelines such as "the human must be at the locus of control" (Inagaki 2003) or "the human must be maintained as the final authority over the automation" (e.g. Inagaki 2003).
In the context of authority, ability, control and responsibility, we would like to emphasize a quality that connects these four cornerstone concepts, which we call consistency of authority, ability, control and responsibility in a human–machine system, or if an abbreviation is needed, A2CR consistency. A2CR consistency means that the double and triple binds between ability, authority, responsibility and control are respected, e.g., that there is not more responsibility than would be feasible with the authority and ability, that there is enough ability for a given authority, that the control is done by the partner with enough ability and authority and that more responsibility is carried by the actor or his representatives who had more control.
The goal of consistency is not achieved automatically, but rather constitutes a design paradigm for the system design including the interaction design. The chance for a high A2CR consistency can be ensured by a proper interaction design process in the development phase of the technical system, see Fig. 2. If this consistency is violated, tension fields might build up that could lead to negative results. An extreme would be an automation that does the control task completely, but where the human would keep all the responsibility.
The concepts of ability, authority, responsibility and control are major cornerstones to understand the operation of an automated and/or cooperative human–machine system. It is important to stress again that the most critical aspects of the double, triple and quadruple binds, which are subsummized here as A2CR consistency, are determined outside of the human–machine system in the meta-system. This is done usually before and after the operations, e.g. during the development or in an after-the-fact evaluation, e.g. in the case of an accident, as already shown in Fig. 2 at the beginning of this paper. An important feedback loop is running via the meta-system, where experience is used to change the ability, authority, control and responsibility configuration in a human–machine system.
6 Ability, authority, control and responsibility applied to cooperative control of (highly automated) vehicles
In the following text, the analysis of the relationship between ability, authority, responsibility and control as introduced above is exemplified with two driver assistance and automation systems that were developed in the project HAVEit that is heavily influenced by the base-research project H(orse)-Mode.
In the H-Mode projects, which originated at NASA Langley and span from DLR, Technical University of Munich and RWTH Technical University Aachen, a haptic-multimodal interaction for highly automated air and ground vehicles (H-Mode) is developed and applied to test vehicles (e.g. Kelsch et al. 2006; Goodrich et al. 2006; Heesen et al. 2010). Based on these base-research activities, EU projects like HAVEit (Highly Automated Vehicles for Intelligent Transport) bring these concepts closer to the application in serial cars and trucks (see e.g. Hoeger et al. 2008 or Flemisch et al 2008). Together with other research activities like Conduct-by-wire (Winner et al. 2006), general concept of cooperative (guidance and) control can be formulated and applied to all moving machines like cars, trucks, airplanes, helicopters or even the teleoperation of robots (Fig. 1).
In HAVEit, the basic idea that vehicle control can be shared between human and a co-automation was applied as a dynamic task repartition (see e.g. Flemisch et al. 2010; Flemisch and Schieben 2010). Three distinct modes of different control distributions, lowly automated (or assisted), semi-automated (here: ACC) and highly automated, have been implemented.
Note that in this example, some A2CR inconsistency is consciously accepted: The human driver retains the control change authority, even though his ability has diminished in this situation. This design choice was made to abide by current liability and regulatory legislation, which requires that the driver can always override interventions by the automation.
7 Consistency of mental models and transitions of control
In general, the information about authority, ability, responsibility and control is usually embedded in the system itself. Humans as subsystems of the system have an implicit or explicit mental model (or system image as Norman (1990) calls it) of the human–machine system, including authority, ability, responsibility and control. Summarizing several definitions of mental models, Wilson and Rutherford (1989) stated that a mental model can be seen as "a representation formed by a user of a system and/or a task based on previous experience as well as current observation, which provides most (if not all) of their subsequent system understanding and consequently dictates the level of task performance." Part of this mental model is already present when humans enter a control situation; other parts are built up and maintained in the flow of control situations.
Machines as subsystems also have information about authority, ability, responsibility and control embedded in them. This can be implicitly, e.g. in the way how these machines are constructed or designed, or explicitly, as internal "mental" models. In the following text, "mental" is used also for machines without quotation marks, even if machines are quite different regarding their mental capacities and characteristics. The explicit mental model of the machine can be as simple as a variable in a computer program "who is in control" or" is an ability available or degraded," or it can be more complex like an explicit storybook embedded in artificial players in computer games.
The model of the machine that the human builds up is influenced by written manuals documenting the range of ability, authority and responsibility of the other actors on the control and is influenced by the human's experience with the system in different situations. The model of the human in the machine is mainly predefined by the programmer of the machine by setting the parameters of human's authority, ability and responsibility.
One of the keys to successful combinations of humans and machines is the consistency and compatibility of mental models about the ability, authority, control and responsibility of the partner. Control is one of the most prominent factors, a proper understanding or situation awareness about who is in control (control SA) is important for a proper functioning of a cooperative control situation.
Figure 15 top shows a situation where the human thinks that the machine is in control, while the machine thinks that the human is in control. If both act on their mental model, a lack of control or control deficit results. Figure 15 bottom shows the other extreme: Both actors think that they have control and act based on this belief, causing a control surplus that can result in undesired effects like conflicts between human and automation.
Similar aspects can be true for ability, authority and responsibility: A proper implicit or explicit mental model of the actors in a system about who can do and is allowed to do what, and who has to take which responsibility, can make a real difference between success and failure. Besides the necessity to respect the authority, ability and responsibility of the human in the design of the machine subsystem (implicit "mental model"), it becomes increasingly possible to give machines an explicit "mental" model about their human partners in the system. The proper ways to use this "mental" model, e.g., for an adaptivity of the machine subsystem are yet to be explored.
8 From mental models to transitions in control
The cooperation within the system is not static, but can lead to dynamic changes, e.g., of qualities like authority, ability, responsibility and control between the actors. States and transitions are mental constructs to differentiate between phases of a system with more changes and phases of a system with fewer changes. A system is usually called to be in a certain state, if chosen parameters of the system do not change beyond a chosen threshold. A transition is the period of a system between two different states. Applied to the key qualities of a cooperative human–machine system, authority, ability, responsibility and control, it is the transitions in these qualities in which the system might be especially vulnerable. As described above, any change in the system state has also to be reflected in the mental model of the actors, and if this update of the mental model fails, this inconsistency can lead to undesirable situations. This applies especially to control and ability.
In general, transitions in control can be requested or initiated by any actor in the system if he has the appropriate change control authority. Transitions can be successful if the actors have the appropriate ability and control authority for the new control distribution. If this is not the case and either the ability or the control authority is not adequate, the transition is rejected by one of the partners. For the system stability, it can make a big difference whether an actor looses or drops control "silently" and does not check whether the transition can be accomplished successfully, or whether an actor explicitly requests another actor to take over control in time. Whenever there is a change in the ability of one actor, e.g. an actor is in control, degrades in its ability and cannot control the situation anymore, it is essential that other actors take over control in time before the system gets into an undesirable state (classified as mandatory transition by Goodrich and Boer (1999)). Another starting point for a transition in control can be when one of the actors wants to take control because the own ability is rated as more expedient and/or safe (classified as discretionary transition (Goodrich and Boer (1999)).
The concepts of authority, ability and responsibility also apply to transitions. Authority and ability to initiate, accept or refuse certain transitions, e.g. in the modes of an automation, can be given or embedded to an actor before the fact, responsibility about the transition can be asked after the fact.
Applied to vehicles, due to the increasing number, complexity and ability of assistance and automation, the consistency and compatibility between the mental models of human(s) and assistance/automation subsystems about ability, authority, control and responsibility becomes increasingly critical. Critical situations might occur especially during and shortly after transitions of control between the driver and the vehicle automation. In highly automated driving, a control surplus where both the driver and the automation influence the vehicle strongly mainly leads to a decreasing acceptance by the driver and can be handled relatively easy by an explicit transition towards a control distribution with higher control for the driver. Because without sufficient control the vehicle might crash, a control deficit, however, is more critical and has to be addressed with extra safeguards, in HAVEit described as interlocked transitions (Schieben et al. 2011).
In the EU project HAVEit, the change control authority of the co-system is restricted to specific situations. The co-system has the authority to initiate a transition of control towards the driver only in the case of environment changes that cannot be handled by the co-system (decrease in ability of the automation) and in case of detected driver drowsiness and distraction (due to responsibility issues). In addition, the co-system has the control change authority to initiate a transition to a higher level of automation in the case of an emergency braking situation (non-adequate ability of the driver) and in case the driver does not react to a takeover request after escalation alarms. In any case, the co-system does not just drop control, but in case the co-system cannot hand over control to the driver in time, a so-called Minimum Risk Manoeuvre is initiated, brings the vehicle to a safe stop and stays there until the driver takes over again. In all other cases, the co-system's change control authority is restricted to propose another control distribution but not to actively change it.
To avoid mode confusion and mode error, all transitions in HAVEit follow general interaction schemes. For all transitions, the concept of interlocked transitions of control is applied. Interlocked means that transitions in control are only regarded successful, when there is clear information for the actor initiating the transition that the other actor has incorporated the transition as well. Applied to the transition of control from the co-system to the driver, this means that the co-system is only withdrawing from the control loop, if there are clear signs that the driver has taken over. In HAVEit, these signs were the information that the driver has his hands on the steering wheel, is applying a force to the steering wheel and/or one of the pedals or pushes a button for a lower level of automation.
9 Outlook: challenges for the future balance of authority, ability, responsibility and control in human machine systems
Applied to vehicles, the examples from HAVEit shown in this paper are just one of a couple of projects in the vehicle domain in 2011, where assistance and automation systems have the ability to take over major parts of the driving task, and where increasingly questions arise about the proper balance of abilities, authority, control and responsibility between the human driver and the automation represented by it's human engineers. First prototypes of driver–automation systems exist where a dynamic balance of abilities, authority, control and responsibility between the driver and vehicle assistance and automation systems can be experienced and investigated, with already promising results with respect to good performance and acceptance. However, many questions are still open regarding the proper balance, especially about the authority of the assistance and automation systems, e.g. in emergency situations. The transitions of control seem to be a hot spot of this dynamic balance and need further structuring and investigation, see e.g. (Schieben et al. 2011). When drivers and automation share abilities and authority and have different opinions about the proper behaviour, the negotiation and arbitration between the two partners becomes a critical aspect in the dynamic balance, see e.g. (Kelsch et al. 2006). In situations where the ability of a partner, e.g., of the automation can change dynamically, a preview of the ability into the future might be able to improve a successful dynamic balance, see e.g. (Heesen et al. 2010).
Only one part of these questions on the proper balance can be addressed with technical, cognitive and ergonomics sciences; other parts of these questions can be addressed with legal or ethical discussions including the society as a whole. In 2011, an increasingly intense discussion about these factors is being led in interdisciplinary working groups, e.g. in Germany (Gasser et al. 2011, in preparation), or internationally, e.g. Burns 2011, in preparation. These questions do not only apply to vehicles, but to a much broader range of human–machine systems.
In general, the question on the proper dynamic balance of abilities, authority, control and responsibility between humans and increasingly capable technology is one of the core questions for any future human–machine system, and for any society. A consistent ontology of human–automation and easy-to-use techniques and tools are important prerequisites, for which this paper might be able to contribute some small pieces of the puzzle. If we take arguments like in Arthur (2009) serious that technology develops a dynamics of its own, the proper balance between humans and machines is not yet decided. On the one hand, this dynamic situation contains the risk of an imbalance of ability, authority, control and responsibility, which would leave the human with low abilities, low authority and insufficient control, but still with the full responsibility.
On the other hand, it contains the chance to combine the individual strength of the different partners, creating a fruitful symbiosis between humans and technology. Technology can play an important role, but still has to serve the human and should, as long as no other important, societally agreed values like human health or environmental aspects are too much at risk, leave the choice and the final authority to the human.
The ideas presented in this paper were inspired by the projects on the H-Metaphor and H-Mode, which were funded by the US-National Research Council, NASA Langley and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG. Extremely valuable support came from DLR, while the lead author was a research team leader on system ergonomics and design at DLR-ITS in Braunschweig. Further inspiration came from a Round Table on Human Automation Coagency for Collabarative Control during the IFAC HMS 2010 in Valenciennes. HAVEit was co-funded by the EU in FP7.
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.


text:
Need Appliance Repair Help? Ask a Technician for Answers ASAP
When it first happened, I opened the door to look inside to see if I could see anything. The gurgling did seem to go away quite quick... When I closed it again, it made a few small gurgles and seems to have gone away (for now).
I just opened the door again... no noise... closed it... gurgling... opened... went away... closed it... gurgled a small bit and then stopped...
Is there anyway for me to wipe the refrigerator oil off the top of the heat exchanger?If I understand you, eventually this problem may go away because the oil will make its way off of the top heat exchanger? Even if it does not go away on its own, it does not affect the function of the unit, even over a long period of time?


text:
Auburn band takes stage in support of youth arts
December 27, 2012
Celebrate New Year's Eve with the Hip Huggers, a dance/rock band out of Auburn. The group, which plays hits from the '70s, '80s, '90s and more, will perform to benefit the Colfax High School Chamber Choir.
The Hip Huggers play favorite tunes from Van Morrison, The B52s, The Clash, Talking Heads, and more. The celebration begins at 8 p.m. Monday at the Auburn Event Center. Some proceeds from the evening go to helping the high school choir meet its fundraising goal of $47,000 to send 35 students to a national choral competition in Honolulu in March. The choir and their parents have already raised $44,000 to date and need to meet their goal by the end of the year to attend the competition.
Tickets for the New Year's Eve concert are $25 per person and include party favors and dessert. Tickets are available through http://www.brownpapertickets.com, BriarPatch and at the door. The Auburn Event Center is lcoated at 145 Harrison Ave. (at Elm) in Auburn.
Through a special ticket deal, organizers encourage people to bring the party to theirs. Buy nine tickets and receive the 10th ticket for free! Call (530) 205-6627 for this promotion.
Recommended Stories For You
Trending In: Activities and Events
Trending Sitewide
- Following theft, beloved Nevada County local Kenny Bond to get new bike donated from local businesses
- CHP: Rough and Ready woman dies in ATV wreck
- Joseph Ward, accused of murder, appears in Nevada County Superior Court
- Nevada County Police Blotter: Naked man walks into business and proposes to employee
- Fire devastates Burgee Dave's at The Mayo in Camptonville


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
I can't find this form listed in MY FORMS anymore, Please help!!Asked by MassNFCA on January 06, 2014 at 12:00 PM
http://form.jotform.co/form/33467377363867 The link is still active. I can't find the form in jotform any longer. Please help.
I am also missing several other forms. They seem to have disappeared and I did not delete them.
JotForm Support
The form belongs to a guest account. I can confirm that this is yours so I moved it to your registered account. Please kindly check again.


text:
Jaipur, Apr 23: Tillakaratne Dilshan, AB de Villiers and KP Appanna were the stars for Royal Challengers Bangalore as they led their team to a big 46-run victory over Rajasthan Royals in Game 30 of IPL 5 here at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium on Monday night.
[Scorecard: IPL 5: Game 30: Rajasthan Royals Vs Royal Challengers Bangalore]
First, Dilshan and De Villiers powered RCB to 189/3 with quick half centuries. And with the ball, it was the turn of the left-arm spinner, Appanna, to shine, as he removed Rajasthan"s top four batsmen. Rajasthan's dismal batting could only manage 143/7 in 20 overs.
De Villiers was adjudged the Man-of-the-match but in a nice gesture, he shared the award with Appanna. "I would like to hand over this award to the man who took four wickets, KP Appanna. It's a team game," said De Villiers.
This was also Rajasthan's first loss at their home ground this season in four games. They had won three matches here but could not add one more.
Bangalore are sixth with eight points from seven games in the points table. Rajasthan also have eight points from eight matches, but are placed fourth.
Appanna spun the ball and was rewarded. The 22-year-old dismissed Ajinkya Rahane, Owais Shah, Shreevats Goswami and skipper Rahul Dravid.
Rajasthan could not recover from the top order collapse and surrendered to RCB. It was only Dravid, who made a notable contribution in the chase. He scored a half century but the rest failed in the big chase.
Royal Challengers Bangalore Innings Report
Half centuries from Tillakaratne Dilshan and AB de Villiers powered Royal Challengers Bangalore to 189/3 in 20 overs.
Dilshan and De Villiers blasted the opposition bowlers for 72 runs in the final 30 balls as Bangalore recovered from Chris Gayle"s cheap dismissal. From 62 for two in the first 10 overs, Bangalore powered themselves to 189/3.
Dilshan and De Villiers scored 122 runs for the unfinished fourth wicket partnership in just 8.2 overs at 14.62 runs per over.
Dilshan reached his highest IPL score of 76 not out off 58 balls with 10 fours and 1 six. De Villiers was also unbeaten with hurricane 23-ball 59 (3x4, 5x6). The South African batsman was once again aggressive in his innings. He has been consistent throughout IPL 5 and yet again he was the brightest start under the lights.
The game started off with a big surprise. Gayle, the explosive opener, was not sent out to face the opening over. It was Virat Kohli and Tillakaratne Dilshan who were at the top of the batting order.
Later it was revealed that Gayle was unwell, as he vomited just before the start of the game. After a rest till the 10th over, Gayle walked out to bat at No. 4 when Mayank Agarwal got out.
But the explosive batsman was trapped LBW for just 4 runs by left-arm chinaman bowler Brad Hogg.
Rajasthan too had a surprise up their sleeve as they gave the new ball to Ajit Chandila, the offspinner. This was IPL debut for Chandila.
Kohli did not succeed as an opener as he was dismissed by Pankaj Singh for 16.
Toss Report
Rajasthan Royals captain Rahul Dravid won the toss and elected to field first against Royal Challengers Bangalore.
Bangalore have recalled opener Tillakaratne Dilshan and left-arm spinner KP Appanna. Andrew McDonald and Arun Karthik are out of the playing XI.
Rajasthan have brought back paceman Pankaj Singh. There is also all-rounder Ajit Chandila, who gets his first game in IPL. Chandila is a right-hand batsman and offspinner from Haryana. Ashok Menaria and Amit Singh miss out for Rajasthan.
Rajasthan had won the earlier clash between these two sides in Bangalore at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. It was Ajinkya Rahane's day in Bangalore then, scoring an unbeaten century.
Rajasthan Royals: Rahul Dravid (captain), Ajinkya Rahane, Shreevats Goswami (wicketkeeper), Owais Shah, Kevon Cooper, Brad Hogg, Siddharth Trivedi, Ajit Chandila, Pankaj Singh, Stuart Binny, Brad Hodge.
Royal Challengers Bangalore: Daniel Vettori (captain), Mayank Agarwal, KP Appanna, AB de Villiers (wicketkeeper), Tillakaratne Dilshan, Chris Gayle, Zaheer Khan, Virat Kohli, Harshal Patel, Saurabh Tiwary, Vinay Kumar.
Umpires: Asad Rauf (Pakistan) and Sudhir Asnani (India)
Third Umpire: Subrat Das (India)
Match Referee: Ranjan Madugalle (Sri Lanka)


text:
"Why do you look for the living among the dead? He is not here, but has risen." – Luke 24:5b NRSV According to the accounts found in the Synoptic Gospels, the female disciples that travelled to Jesus's tomb the first Easter morning expected nothing spectacular. They merely intended to finish preparing the corpse for its [Read More…]
Recovering the Ars Moriendi*
May 22, 2013 by Leave a Comment
February 1, 2013 by 6 Comments
As a Cambridge undergraduate in the 1970s, my emphasis (major) was in Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, a peculiar product of that university. Essentially, ASNC was about the Dark Ages in the British Isles and Scandinavia from roughly 400 through 1100AD, studied from a broad interdisciplinary perspective, drawing on history, literature, languages, art history and archaeology. [Read More…]


text:
Did you move or are you planning on moving soon?
Do you have any idea how you're going to haul your furry friends along?
We will pick up all animals that are not aggressive and haul them to you so you don't have to deal with them on your busy stressful day!


text:
Pocket Productions
- Columbia, SC
- Phone: 803-658-8656
- Visit Website
The Mission of Pocket Productions is to develop the arts community in Columbia, SC, by stimulating cooperation between and innovation among local artists and arts organizations. We aim to increase the number of residents who attend art events and support the arts, thereby developing Columbia economically and expanding the influence and exposure of the arts in the community at large.
- Price Range Maximum: $ - Less than $100


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|[JIRA] Updated: (FOR-262) openoffice2forrest: add support for merged cells in tables
|Fri, 18 Mar 2005 00:18:18 GMT
The following issue has been updated: Updater: David Crossley (mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com) Date: Thu, 17 Mar 2005 6:16 PM Comment: The conclusion of this issue is unclear. Needs investigation. Changes: Version changed to HEAD Version changed from 0.6 Fix Version changed to 0.7 Fix Version changed from 0.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------- For a full history of the issue, see: http://issues.cocoondev.org//browse/FOR-262?page=history --------------------------------------------------------------------- View the issue: http://issues.cocoondev.org//browse/FOR-262 Here is an overview of the issue: --------------------------------------------------------------------- Key: FOR-262 Summary: openoffice2forrest: add support for merged cells in tables Type: Improvement Status: Reopened Priority: Major Project: Forrest Components: Plugin: OpenOffice.org Fix Fors: 0.7 Versions: HEAD Assignee: Ross Gardler Reporter: Charles Palmer Created: Sun, 22 Aug 2004 1:06 PM Updated: Thu, 17 Mar 2005 6:16 PM Description: Processing of OpenOffice files is useful, but tables containing merged cells are not handled properly, preventing the use of many OpenOffice documents with Forrest. If you merge two cells in OOo you get this attribute: table:number-columns-spanned="2" and this could translate into the HTML colspan="2" attribute. But it's not happening - does this first require an enhancement of the Forrest DTD? Which seems to contain the following: <!ENTITY % cell.span 'colspan CDATA "1" rowspan CDATA "1"'> and <!ATTLIST td %common.att; %cell.span; Does this prevent cells from spanning rows and columns? --------------------------------------------------------------------- JIRA INFORMATION: This message is automatically generated by JIRA. If you think it was sent incorrectly contact one of the administrators: http://issues.cocoondev.org//secure/Administrators.jspa If you want more information on JIRA, or have a bug to report see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
|View raw message


text:
Torino, Italy [ show map ]
I'm here to meet girls from 25 to 45 years old for friendship, networking and more.
Hi, I'm here to meet people from different cultures and to find friends
I'm a quiet and shy guy with people I don't know well, but I like to chat and have fun with friends once I get to know them well.
I like computers (it's my work), music, reading, riding my motorbike, traveling...


text:
Pour toute information et détails en français concernant la consignation, S.V.P. cliquer sur le lien de notre page consignation.
It's easy. We'll take care of everything. And it really pays!
We provide VIP pick up service. Do you have 10 or more items to consign? If you live in Toronto, Montreal or Ottawa we'll pick them up from your home. If you live anywhere else in Canada we'll reimburse $25 for shipping.
Priced Right. Our team will appraise your items ensuring they sell at the right price.
Marketed to Sell. We think the photo says it all. We take perfect pictures and provide detailed full description of each product. Your pre-owned goods will look absolutely fabulous!
You reap the rewards. Once the item has sold, you can receive between 60% to 75% depending on the sale price of the item. Once sold you get paid on the 15th of the month after the sale.
Click here to find out more on how to consign.


text:
No properties found
Property for sale
Sorry, we couldn't find any properties in Glan Y Nant, Blackwood, Wales matching your criteria. See all 2 properties in this area, search again, or use one of the links below.
- Gilfach (1)
- Maesycwmmer (1)
- Oakdale (1)
- Penpedairheol (1)
Local Advertisers


text:
Protek 9770ip receivers & systems from the Satellite Superstore UK. High Definition Protek 9770ip. Motorised enthusiasts blind search satellite receivers from the Satellite Superstore UK. Protek 9900LX satellite receivers. 9900 LX, Protek HD satellite receiver.
We have 2 identical sites on different servers.
If one site is down, please use the other one
Satellite Museum
Shipping info
  Contact Us
    Sky accessories
  Other accessories
  Installation equipment
  Wall mounts & ground stands
  Satellite finder meters
Sky receivers
  French TV & Italian TV
  All receivers
  Adult cards
TV, FM and DAB Aerials
Freesat receivers
Twin tuner PVRs
  Linux receivers
Motorised systems
Fixed Dishes
Motorised dishes
Transparent dishes
2,3 or 4 satellites on 1 fixed dish
 V box
  Caravan products
  All products
 C Band
Protek 9900LX HD receiver.
This is a very good HD satellite receiver with excellent record menus when used with the external hard drive option.
A very high quality product from a German manufacturer. Main features -
Tuner slots: 1 • Tuner built: 1x DVB-S2 • Decoder: MPEG-4 • Smartcard reader: 1 • Common Interface: 1x CI • Video
connectors: 1x HDMI, 1x composite video • Audio connectors: Digital Audio Out (1x optical), 1x stereo line out (RCA)
• Other connectors: 1x USB 2.0, 1x LAN 1x eSATA • display: 4-digit LED • functions: HbbTV, web services
• Special features: Linux, IPTV
All receivers sent out are packed in an outer box to protect the manufacturer's box. We like receivers to arrive at
the customer in perfect condition. External USB hard drive options are also available below
For a complete system, add the dish kit of your choice by clicking in one of the following links -
Add a 1 sat dish -
60cm Easy Fit
85cm Easy Fit
85cm transparent
60,70,90cm heavy duty
Add a 2 sat dish -
6 degree 19E & 13E
4.3 degree 9E & 13E
3 degree 16E & 13E or 19E & 13E
20 deg. e.g. 28E & 13E or 19E
Add a 3-sat dish -
85cm Easy Fit
85cm transparent
1m aluminium
90cm heavy duty
85cm Easy Fit with multiswitch
Add a 4-sat dish -
1m aluminium
90cm heavy duty
1.0m aluminium with multiswitch
Add a motorised dish kit -
85cm EasyFit
85cm transparent
90cm heavy duty
We can scan / load detailed channel data for you -
1 sat
2 sat
3 sat
4 sat
motorised all sats.
It is very worthwhile checking out an
HD Modulator
. An HD modulator distributes full HD via normal coax using an existing
distribution system. Just tune your TV to the satellite channel in 1080p. Also check out
HDMI leads
up to 20m long.
You may also need an
RJ45 network lead
and/or a
Homeplug Turbo.
You may also need a
USB Stick.
Shipping options. Discounted shipping on all web orders.
Free mainland UK delivery.
VAT info
.) (
Stock levels
so choose "
Free mainland UK delivery
" - UK shipping option No 1 (or
priority options 4-7
For "
UK offshore islands including Northern Ireland
" many items including dishes up to 1.0m choose the Ł15 - UK option No 2.
International - Republic of Ireland - choose the Ł15 "
fixed price multiple items to Eire
" shipping option
International - within the EU - choose the Ł38 "
up to 5Kg by courier to EU countries
" shipping option
International - outside of the EU - choose the "
International shipping quote by e-mail
" shipping option.
Please note, although not guaranteed, many 1-3 day standard UK deliveries are actually arriving next day if the order
is received before our cut-off times but there is also a next day priority delivery option at only Ł6.50 if required
Protek 9900 LX HD receiver.
In stock and ready for immediate shipping
Order code, PROTEKR
Only Ł234.95
Add a fully prepared 1Tb USB hard drive. (Receiver option).
Attractive matching hard drive enclosure. These hard drives have been specially prepared to work with these satellite receivers
(buying a computer hard drive from a shop is unlikely to work without installing special preparation software.) These are fast
AV hard drives ideal for SD and HD recordings and are fully formatted and tested. Large capacity. USB lead included. Plug
in and use. This is a receiver option only. To buy this item without a receiver go to "
1Tb USB hard drive sold separately
This hard drive has a Ł10 discount compared to the "sold separately" price.
In stock and ready for immediate shipping.
Order code OPT1TUSB
Add Ł89.95
Buying a fully loaded (programmed)
satellite receiver for motorised use.
This service is available for any motorised dish. If you are buying a system, or just a receiver
and you already have a motorised dish, we can take the receiver out of its box and fully program
it on one of our demonstration dishes. This would mean that the new programmed receiver can be
connected up by the customer and all the satellites channels will work straight away.
(Providing it is connected to a dish that is properly fitted, set up, and tracking the arc)
It would take a customer about many hours to program a receiver (since there would be
unfamiliarity with the installation menu system). After programming, the channels are then organised
in a logical order. (This is what takes the most time.) We make sure the first channel on every
satellite is a clear free to air unscrambled channel. Channels are organised into a logical order.
e.g. Adult channels all together etc. Movie packages .. etc. Moving all of the channels into a
logical order can take days. This programming is ONLY Ł19.95 This service is entirely optional
but for mail order customers it can take a great deal of the worry and uncertainty out of a
purchase. The programmed receiver is supplied without dish positions to be used with any dish.
Only the positions and the limits need to be added. This is a 10 minute job. This option is
ideal if you are buying a full motorised system and you intend to fit it yourself.
This option helps a great deal. It also makes it easier to install a motorised dish as channels
already loaded can help identify the satellite if a budget satellite meter is being used. Detailed
installation notes written by us are included and we can talk you through the installation
over the phone if required. See our support package on our
support page.
Our notes guide you through how to connect a programmed receiver, and setting the positions.
In addition, useful easy to follow notes on blind searching written by us are included for
future reference. For international orders, this option has one other worthwhile purpose.
The receiver is fully tested before shipping while it is being programmed.
Motorised receiver full programming option
Order code MOTPROG
Add only Ł19.95
SLX Omni Link Kit. Wired control
for all receivers with a UHF output
Just like the TV eye link system used for Sky Digiboxes, this system works with all receivers.
It all works with the existing UHF distribution system in your home.
Control up to three devices. One remote link eye includes for one remote room. Extra
SLX link eyes for more rooms are available below.
Connect up the link to the satellite receiver and the TV link at the end of the cable in the remote
room and have full control of the satellite receiver from that room.
Click here
to order.
Triax Trilink. Wired control
for all receivers without a UHF output
If you are buying a freesat receiver or a non Sky receiver without a UHF outlet, you will need this kit if
you want to distribute TV around the house with control in each room. (Cabling is needed).
The built in modulator converts the scart output of your receiver to UHF and the internal link is
a special TV eye system for non Sky receivers so that your handset has control in other rooms.
No freesat receiver has this built in and so it is an ideal addition. The UHF output can feed
an existing UHF distribution amplifier if watching TV in several rooms with control is required.
A TV eye is included but additional TV eyes can be added.
Click here
to order.
(All prices on this web site include VAT.)
Links to menu pages,
Catalogue Contents Page.
A summary of all pages. More products.
ADVICE Pages.
Frequently Asked Questions. (FAQs) Read and learn!
Menu pages.
Satellite receivers
menu page.
Fixed satellite dishes
menu page.
Motorised satellite dishes
menu page.
2, 3 or 4 satellite on a fixed dish
menu page.
Clear transparent dishes
menu page.
Motorised satellite systems
menu page.
V Box
menu page.
Satellite dish motors
menu page.
Satellite systems
menu page.
Caravan / Motorhome / RV Satellite
menu page.
Ku, Ka, Universal and programmable LNBs
menu page.
menu page.
C Band LNBs and feedhorns
menu page.
Vu+ receivers
menu page.
Freesat receivers
menu page.
Humax receivers
menu page.
Sky receivers
menu page.
Sky accessories
menu page.
Technomate receivers
menu page.
French TV and Italian TV receivers
menu page.
Protek receivers
menu page.
Icecrypt receivers
menu page.
Sab receivers
menu page.
Twin tuner receivers
menu page.
High definition receivers
menu page.
Linux receivers
menu page.
menu page.
Satellite finder meters
menu page.
Wall mounts and ground stands
menu page.
Installation equipment
menu page.
menu page.
Diseqc switches
menu page.
Optical LNBs and equipment
menu page.
Satellite accessories
menu page.
TV, FM and DAB aerials
menu page.
menu page.
adult cards
menu page.
Index of all products
menu page.
See our other web site at-
This site includes many products that are exclusive to the Satellite Superstore.
The site contains -
• Products that we manufacture (e.g. We have manufactured heavy duty wall mounts and ground stands since 1991).
• Selected products which have our own Primesat brand name and have been prepared to our specifications.
• Selected products where we have been appointed the authorised UK or European distributor by the manufacturer.
is an information site. Here you will find full specifications and many detailed pictures.
To buy any of these products, simply order them on this web site.
Link to our own satellite museum site
Satellite Museum. A Museum of vintage satellite receivers.
For old Satellite receivers with knobs on and the history of satellite TV.
Also see
. A Museum of vintage consumer electronics.
Vintage reel to reel video recorders. Vintage VHS and Betamax VCRs. Vintage video cameras. Vintage
Laser Disc. Vintage Computers. Old telephones. Old brick mobile phones. Vintage Hi Fi, Old reel
to reel audio and early audio cassette decks. Including, the history time line of vintage
consumer electronics ... and much more .....
It is well worth a visit.
Only The
Satellite Superstore
brings you
great products, advice and it's own museum.
You may be interested in two other web sites.
This web site shows all of the restoration process and the modifications to this truck.
In addition, there is a hard high quality tonneau cover on a new web site
for the 1947-53 Chevy truck.
Contacting us.
Unlike many other companies we are happy to answer questions on the phone.
Tel. (UK)
01207 544664
01207 544224
International Tel. + 44 1207 544664.
If you are ringing us about a product you have already purchased, you should ring the support line on your invoice.
Before sending questions via e-mail please check-out our
Frequently asked questions
as this could save time.
If you have any questions & comments regarding this site's content, or you need advice please ....
click here
to go to our
contact forms
Copyright © 2017 Vision International. All rights reserved.


text:
Miranda Lambert
May 14, 2011 by Post Team
Miranda Lambert, Miranda Lambert and Blake Shelton will be married today (14 May) at an undisclosed location in Miranda's home state of Texas. The happy couple, which began dating in 2006, sparked rumors regarding the previous year, when their undeniable chemistry was evident during the recording of "CMT 100 Greatest Duets." The bride and groom made the Frizell David / Shelly classic western hit, "You're the Reason God Made Oklahoma" – a song providential given Miranda eventually left Texas to get closer to her boyfriend in the state before.
Blake and Miranda continued to juggle a relationship with their demanding career with Blake's fame skyrocketed on the heels of 1 to there fourth single, 'Home' (which includes Miranda's voice in background). Miranda saw her own successful start to fly with his first Top 10 hit, 'Gunpowder & Lead, and a vast collection of awards including the ACM Award for Album of the Year in 2007 for platinum, the acclaimed project criticism, 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. "
The marriage began to speak after four years of dating, when Blake suddenly came clean on his plans to marry his love from long ago. "We've had our highs and lows, but I think together we are stronger now than ever, ever," suggested Blake back home in March 2010. "For the first time, I can see that [commitment] happening, and may also … So who knows?"
Just two months later, Blake's father properly Miranda asked for her hand in marriage before proposing in May 2010. "They sat together and had a conversation," said Miranda Cowboys & Indians magazine. I do not know how it happened, but I guess it was. But that was really important to me. Going back to my roots. I think every man should ask dad to the girl's hand. "
The singer of "Honey Bee" sealed the deal with a precious diamond and platinum ring, which was selected without the help of his girlfriend. "It is absolutely beautiful. It has an air of time, and this is something I've always wanted," which came out to People magazine about her new flare. "It's platinum and has a large stone in the center and two half moon stones on the side. He chose for himself, and I'm very proud of him!"
It was not long after the official commitment that Miranda began working on a fitness plan before the wedding, including a new diet and plenty of exercise – and went down two dress sizes in the process. "I do not know how much weight I lost. I only know that people say, 'You look great,'" she tells U.S. weekly magazine. Opt for almonds on Cheetos, singer and songwriter, who had to balance a new meal plan for the trip across the country on her tour Revolution, cut some of their favorite foods to lose to a new slender figure. "No mayonnaise, potatoes or bread … actually only vegetables and meat."
The 27-year-old will have the opportunity to show your work when she walks down the aisle. And while the blond beauty has opted to keep her wedding dress a secret, Blake made his costume for the big day of public knowledge at the beginning of recruitment. "Miranda told me he wants me to be comfortable," he said at startup in August. "She said, 'I want you to wear your jeans and boots, and help you find a cold jacket', which shocked the hell out of me!"
Miranda quickly began planning the wedding at full speed, with Blake decisions is limited to a function: the choice of entertainment for the reception. The reigning ACM Male Vocalist of the Year asked his good friend, Neal McCoy, to do the honors.
"I do not think I could have gone to Las Vegas and found the funniest person I have fun at anyone or have a crowd going better than Neal McCoy," said Blake starting. "Mostly it's just a friend, and I was [foreign] asking to play at the wedding, because I still Neal McCoy, despite being a friend to me. When asked, I think I was a little surprised that we him, but he said he was honored to do so. Therefore, I cannot wait to see what you have prepared for that night. "
Neal was very happy to be the official wedding singer. "Blake is a good friend of mine," said Neal to Country Weekly. "Blake reminds me of myself, which is a bit silly – it's a silly lot. – In reality, he is really funny and Miranda took the chairs to one side of the stage [at a concert in Oregon], and supposes who were surprised by the spontaneity and silliness of my program, so I asked to play her wedding reception. They wanted me to pay, and I said: 'Of course I do not have to pay! That's going to be an honor to play. "I'm sure it will be great fun and a who's who type of thing with all attendees. "
The rest of the details for the big day were left mostly to Miranda, which adapts the groom very well. "Here's the thing – I am happy to be married to Miranda Lambert, but do not give a sht about weddings," he admitted to the boot. "Therefore, it is a great thing for her, and I'm excited about it, but I have a lot of input because I have many ideas. Every wedding I've gone, I slept well or been so miserable that he had in my iPod and no one knew, or was playing angry bird on my phone. Even if it's your wedding, if you're a guy, it's boring. So I'm real excited about the ceremony to happen, because after that, the reception will be a party, and that's what I'm waiting. "
The lovebirds did not need to wait until marriage to start the match. Miranda went to Louisville to celebrate their wedding with some of her pals in the annual Kentucky Derby last weekend. Her boyfriend, decided to adopt a more discreet approach to her final night as a single man.
"Me and my friends are having a camping trip somewhere," Blake revealed to Parade magazine. "Maybe try to find something to go hunting. Turkey or bears or something. Something country. The last ten years of my life has been a bachelor party, so do not need an extra night to add my life. I had a lot of stuff. "
The hunting trip before the wedding was only boys, but the sport is something that couples do together – so that venison is served at your reception. "We'll have venison served at our wedding – we already have plenty of them ready," Blake told the magazine reported us. "It really was the brainchild of [Miranda]. So when your girlfriend thinks so, that makes it easy for me, just to show and have a good time!"
Earlier this week, Miranda showed he was serious about the choice of meat for the reception. "The last thing we charge for the wedding! Harvested for me!!!!!"…. Twitter, along with a photo of a package of venison chops with her name on them.
With two superstars to tie the knot, the event will probably be one of the most stellar of years. Two guests already confirmed to be present include Reba McEntire and her husband, Narvel Blackstock. The couple is not only good friends but also Narvel and his son, Brandon, also manage Blake stellar career.
"They really have a maternal relationship with Blake, so I'm looking forward to," says Reba booting. "It will be a very different wedding, but I'm looking forward to … nothing to do with Blake and Miranda is always fun."
The couple has remained silent about their honeymoon plans, but we know that the newlyweds will be back in business in about ten days. Blake goes to his home state on May 25, co-hosted the first of two concerts, Tornado Relief, along with Reba, to help residents recover from devastating tornadoes that hit the state last month.
"Oklahoma defines who I am and seeing the effects of this disaster has had on my neighbors, I knew I had to do something," said the generous star. "Reba and I have much love for this state, and we wanted to do what we can to help. This place is my home, and these people are familiar to us."
Surrounded by family and friends, the future Mr. and Mrs. Shelton are willing to take the next step in their fairytale romance. "I come to him with confidence," Miranda told the magazine Redbook. "The marriage will be its stability throughout. Is someone who always has your back? And it makes me want to be a better woman for it to be that Blake. Forever."
Blake agrees. "She is one of the few people who meet and have a connection with, and you really do not understand completely, but you know it's a great thing," he says to boot. However, in a way Blake could not help but scoff at the importance of the big day.
"Hey you guys, fans and freaks," Twitter earlier this week. "I'm not going to be here for a few days to remove s — for me while I'm gone. I'm going to stay buried."
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


text:
Tulle Skirt
Posted by Tara
Labels: Fashion, Tulle Skirt
Posted by Tara
Labels: Fashion, Tulle Skirt
Love your turquoise necklace!
i adore how you styled the tulle skirt in many ways! tulle skirts are so lovely... i just purchased one online, but the particular one i got ended up being so sheer that i needed a slip. nevertheless can't wait to style it :)
would love to invite you to link up this look as well! --
Rhea, Et Cetera - Style to Inspire
happy tuesday!
rhea | Rhea, Et Cetera
I love your skirt, so light, flowy and feminine! Love it paired with the blue top, and your sandals are so cool love the strappy gladiator look.
from the link up, jess
please stop by
Absolutely love that tulle skirt and how you styled it. Gorgeous clutch and wedges. =)
I am doing a link-up featuring Summer Trends every day this week and one of those trends is the Statement Necklace. I'd love for you to join my link up with this outfit. If you do, please include a link back to my blog. Thanks girl.
Happy Hump Day!! Ada. =)
I absolutely love a tulle skirt - and I totally agree that the chambray shirt works perfect with it - it's like they were born for each other! Love that you were shooting in the rain - sounds like the husbands a keeper =)
I totally love the skirt!! Stopping by from Random Wednesday Link Up. I love your style and I'm following you on Insta & Twitter now. :) xo ~ The Fashionista Momma www.fashionistamomma.com
I love this tulle skirt! I agree every girl should own one! It looks super pretty with both tops and accessories! I love that you took this photos before a monsoon! My husband (who also takes my pictures) would've thought the same thing! Great post!
Absolutely Love the Tulle Skirt! I don't own one and like the versatility of that one. So beautiful!
FAB skirt and what a good sport your hubby is!!
These photos are gorgeous and I'm loving this skirt on you! So chic!
I think you are soo right--a tulle skirt has become a staple in any girl girls closet! You look so gorgeous--love how you paired it with the Chambray and Turquoise!
I wouldn't have noticed the rain drops if you hadn't said anything. That skirt is so pretty and I love how you styled it with the chambray!
Nicole to the Nines
You look absolutely beautiful in these looks! We love how you styled our skirt! Thanks for the link! xoxo
Piper Street
I love your skirt! Beautiful!
OMG, yes I love everything about this outfit! Both tops look great, but I think the Chambray is my favorite :) A tulle skirt should make any girl feel like a princess, maybe I need to get myself one :)
Alisa Marie
I love tulle skirts so much, they are the best.
I adore this pretty outfit! ;)
God bless,
XO, Claire
amazing style
very pretty pics and the skirt is sweet!
Marie @ In Our Happy Place
Hi Tara!
I found you through the Random Wednesday linkup party! This is an adorable outfit and I absolutely love the skirt! I've followed y'all on most of your social media accounts so hopefully I can see some more of these cute posts :)
I'd love for you to check out my blog and follow along too :)
I totally agree on the tulle skirt, every girl needs to have one. This is a fabulous look on you!!
Stopping by from the fashion informant link up! I wore something similar in my post today- great minds like alike :)
Tulle & denim are such a classic combo!
Birdie Shoots
Subscribe to Post Comments [Atom]


text:
Join the 'Norel' group to help and get support from people like you.
Norel Questions
We found 6 questions associated with the 'Norel' topic.
Side Effect - does norel sr work as well as claritan d?
Posted 21 Sep 2013 by • 1 answer
How long can you take Norel SR? Can it be taken like Zyrtec?
Posted 29 Jun 2011 by • 1 answer
Norel SR - Does this medication have any SULFa in it at all?
Posted 4 Dec 2010 by • 1 answer
My Mother is extremely allergic to sulfa drugs. Please advise. Thank you, Ann D
Can you take ibuprohen with norel sr?
Posted 1 Oct 2010 by • 1 answer
How much Tylenol is in Norel SR?
Posted 5 Mar 2010 by • 1 answer
How many tablets do you take per day of the Norel SR?
Posted 14 Oct 2009 by • 1 answer


text:
The Associated Press
ROME — AS Roma bounced back from its 7-1 loss to Manchester United by beating Sampdoria 4-0 Sunday in Serie A.
Roma captain Francesco Totti scored twice, bringing his league-leading total to 20 goals, matching his career-best season in 2003-04.
Defenders Matteo Ferrari and Christian Panucci also scored for Roma, which faced biting criticism after its Champions League debacle in England on Tuesday.
Kaka, Giuseppe Favalli and Ronaldo scored as AC Milan won 3-1 at Messina to move into fourth place and the Champions League zone for the first time this season. Milan began the season with an eight-point penalty from the Italian match-fixing scandal.
Third-place Lazio played the final 15 minutes with 10 men and was held to a 2-2 draw at last-place Ascoli, snapping the Roman club's eight-match winning streak.
League-leader Inter Milan hosted fifth-place Palermo later Sunday.
Inter leads the league with 80 points. Roma is next with 65 points, followed by Lazio with 56, Milan with 50 and Palermo with 48.
Also, 10-man Fiorentina won a Tuscan derby with Siena 1-0 on a 43rd-minute goal by Adrian Mutu, and 10-man Atalanta held off Torino 2-1. Livorno and Reggina, and Parma and Catania each played to 1-1 draws.
Tottenham rallies to tie with Wigan in Premier play
LONDON — Robbie Keane scored two goals and set up another in Tottenham's 3-3 draw at Wigan in the Premier League, and Chelsea advanced to the FA Cup final with a 2-1 win over Blackburn.
Tottenham rallied three times against its relegation-threatened opponents. Keane scored with a penalty in the 35th minute and also collected a goal kick from Paul Robinson and lobbed Wigan goalkeeper John Filan in the 68th.
Everton beat Charlton 2-1 with an injury-time goal from James McFadden. That moved the Toffees up to fifth place, but left the Addicks in the relegation zone.
Michael Ballack scored for Chelsea in extra time at Old Trafford after the match had ended 1-1 in regular time. The Germany captain picked up a loose ball after a blocked shot and scored in the 109th minute.
"It's a very special feeling. I think the game was amazing," Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho said. "You finish the game, you win and you are crazy with happiness."
Wigan striker Emile Heskey scored his third goal in as many games in the second minute, heading in his own rebound after a goalmouth scramble. Tottenham replied immediately with Keane setting up Dimitar Berbatov, who eluded two defenders before scoring his 20th goal of the season in the fourth minute.
Leighton Baines curled a volley into the far corner from the edge of the box in the 30th minute to give Wigan the lead, but again, it did not last long.
Filan brought down Tottenham midfielder Jermaine Jenas just inside the box and referee Graham Poll awarded a penalty kick, which Keane converted.
Kevin Kilbane headed in Wigan's third goal in the 60th minute from a corner by Ryan Taylor. Keane's final goal was a 35-meter (yard) shot that went over the Filan's head and bounced into the empty net.
"The manner in which we conceded our goals is very disappointing," Wigan manager Paul Jewell said. "We knew we would have to make them work hard for their goals, but we didn't. We made mistakes and got severely punished."
Tottenham now has 49 points, and moved up one place to eighth. Wigan increased to 35 points and is now 15th.
"Before the game we would not have settled for a point, but after it you have to, particularly when you concede two goals from set pieces," Tottenham manager Martin Jol said.
Everton dominated Charlton at Goodison Park.
In the first half, Andy Johnson had two chances, Leon Osman curled a shot wide and Lee Carsley sent a volley over the crossbar. Mikel Arteta also had chances on either side of the interval.
The Toffees were finally rewarded in the 81st when Joleon Lescott scored with a volley after a header from Johnson had been pushed away by Charlton goalkeeper Scott Carson.
Darren Bent equalized for Charlton in the 89th, but McFadden scored the winner in injury time.
"I think we deserved it," Everton manager David Moyes said. "But I've got to say that Charlton have been doing very well lately and we always knew, right up until the end, it would be tight."
Charlton stayed in 18th place with 32 points, ahead of West Ham (29) and Watford (23).
Frank Lampard scored his 21st Chelsea goal this season when he took a cross from Ballack and sent a shot into the corner in the 16th.
Jason Roberts equalized in the 64th, scoring off a free kick from Morten Gamst Pedersen.
"Blackburn gave us a game, it was not a surprise to me," Mourinho said. "I was waiting for this — they fought like heroes. We are enjoying the moment and they are sad but I have big feelings for them."
On Saturday, Arsenal ended a four-match winless streak with a 2-1 victory over Bolton, and third-place Liverpool drew 0-0 with Manchester City.
Liverpool has 61 points, followed by Arsenal with 59 in the final Champions League spot. Everton's win moved the club up one place, and pushed Bolton into sixth. Both Everton and Bolton have 54 points.
Manchester United, which beat Watford 4-1 to reach the FA Cup final, leads the league with 78 points, three ahead of Chelsea.
Also Saturday, it was: Middlesbrough 1, Aston Villa 3; Portsmouth 2, Newcastle 1; Reading 1, Fulham 0; and Sheffield United 3, West Ham 0.
Gimnastic Tarragona downs Zaragoza 1-0 in Spanish league
MADRID, Spain — Javier Portillo scored a second-half goal Sunday to give Gimnastic Tarragona a 1-0 win over Zaragoza in the Spanish league.
Portillo scored with a header in the 82nd minute to hurt Zaragoza's chances of earning a berth in next season's Champions League.
FC Barcelona played visiting Mallorca later Sunday, while Valencia hosted Sevilla.
Also, it was: Atletico Madrid 1, Levante 0; Athletic Bilbao 2, Espanyol 1; Getafe 3, Villarreal 0; Celta Vigo 1, Deportivo La Coruna 0; and Osasuna 1, Recreativo Huelva 1.
Francisco Javier Casquero gave Getafe the lead over Villarreal with a left-footed shot into the top right corner of the goal in the 31st minute.
Striker Daniel Guiza could have made it 2-0 but his penalty was stopped by goalkeeper Sebastian Viera in the 38th. But Maris Verpakovskis, on loan from Dynamo Kiev, pounced on a loose ball to score in the 75th minute and Sergio Pachon added the third goal in the 83rd minute.
Villarreal striker Guillermo Franco was ejected in 77th minute for a red card following a bad tackle.
Atletico Madrid striker Fernando Torres gave his team a 1-0 win against Levante when he scored in the 60th minute with a right-footed shot.
Jonatas scored with a long shot in the third minute to give Espanyol the lead, but second-half substitute Ismael Urzaiz scored in the 62nd and 78th minutes.
Celta Vigo celebrated the arrival of coach Hristo Stoitchkov with a 1-0 win over Galician rival Deportivo La Coruna.
Stoitchkov had resigned as Bulgaria coach to replace Fernando Vazquez, who was fired after only two wins in 19 games with the relegation-threatened team.
Fernando Baiano scored the winning goal with a deft backheel in the 61st minute.
Florent Sinama-Pongolle scored for Huelva in the 52nd, but Osasuna equalized when defender Cesar Cruchaga headed in a goal in the 55th minute.
Arveladze penalty gives AZ 1-0 win over Vitesse in Dutch league
AMSTERDAM, Netherlands — Shota Arveladze scored a 23rd-minute penalty to give AZ Alkmaar a 1-0 victory over 10-man Vitesse Arnhem in the Dutch league.
The penalty was awarded after Purrel Frankel had fouled Arveladze in the area. Vitesse substitute Siebe Blondelle was ejected in the 49th for fouling AZ's Gretar Steinsson.
The win put AZ two points league leader PSV Eindhoven, which beat FC Twente 2-0 Saturday and needs to avoid defeat in its final two matches to claim its 20th league title.
Alves, the league's leading scorer, scored a hat trick in SC Heerenveen's 3-1 win over Willem II. Cristiano scored a second-half goal for Willem II.
Heracles Almelo climbed out of the relegation zone with a 4-1 win over 14-time champion Feyenoord. Rob Friend scored twice and Igor Gluscevic and Marnix Smit got two other goals. Pierre van Hooijdonk replied for Feyenoord with a goal in the 48th.
PSV leads the league with 71 points — two more than AZ and Ajax. Only the Dutch champion is assured of playing in next season's Champions League. The next four teams will enter a playoff to see who gets the country's second spot.
Elsewhere, it was: Sparta Rotterdam 1, FC Utrecht 1; and FC Groningen 4, NEC Nijmegen 1.
Olympiakos held to 0-0 draw in Greek league, retains lead
ATHENS — Defending champion Olympiakos was held to a 0-0 draw at Larissa and stayed in first place in the Greek league.
Olympiakos leads the league with 64 points, six more than AEK Athens, which beat visiting Egaleo 5-2. Nikos Lymberopoulos scored a hat trick for AEK.
Panathinaikos played to a 1-1 draw at Apollon to retain third place with 52 points, six behind AEK.
Only seven games were played Sunday after the suspension of Saturday's match between Aris and Ergotelis.
Aris had defied a government ban and distributed tickets to supporters' clubs. The sports ministry banned distribution of tickets to supporters' clubs in an effort to curb fan violence. The match is scheduled to be played Wednesday.
Larissa started lively with Stathis Aloneftis posing a constant threat down the right side.
Olympiakos struggled to find its composure and had to wait until the 26th minute before it had its first chance on goal.
Nery Castillo twisted and turned outside the box but his powerful shot forced a fingertip save by Larissa goalkeeper Stefanos Kotsolis.
Larissa continued to dominate but it was Castillo again who came close to scoring in the 52nd when he broke free on the counterattack but shot wide with only Kotsolis to beat.
Olympiakos was down to 10 men in the 59th after Rivaldo was sent off for pushing Larissa defender Giorgos Galitisios.
Also Sunday, it was: Atromitos 0, Panionios 1; Kerkyra 0, Iraklis 0; OFI 2, Ionikos 1; and PAOK 1, Xanthi 0.
No decision for Hibernian, Dunfermline
GLASGOW, Scotland — Hibernian and Dunfermline played to a 0-0 tie in the semifinals of the Scottish Cup and will have to play again.
The replay is scheduled for April 24.
Celtic, which leads the Scottish Premier League, beat St. Johnstone 2-1 to reach the final on May 26.
Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Conversation guidelines: USA TODAY welcomes your thoughts, stories and information related to this article. Please stay on topic and be respectful of others. Keep the conversation appropriate for interested readers across the map.


text:
Had a great session with little W on a lovely fall afternoon. We played with lots of leaves and sticks and snapped some images too 🙂
Ellie & Jacob – Eden Prairie MN Wedding
This beautiful wedding was held on Mount Curve Road in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Jacob and Ellie did something very sweet before seeing each other for the first time on their wedding day, they shared a card with one another. They passed their cards around a pillar, read them to themselves all without seeing each other. Then we set up for… View Post
Jess & Ross – Post Wedding Portraits at Lake Calhoun, Minneapolis Minnesota
Jess and Ross eloped in a beautiful tropical location a few months ago. This past weekend they held a wedding reception at the Urban Eatery at Calhoun Club in Uptown, Minneapolis. They hosted friends and family where they enjoyed hors d'oeuvres and cocktails for a few hours and then we walked over to Lake Calhoun for a lovely portrait session…. View Post
- « Previous Page
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- …
- 46
- Next Page »


text:
The sun is a terrible roommate—drinking orange juice from the carton, letting Pluto crash on the couch for centuries, hitting on all your friends with overbearing UV rays. Today's Groupon lets you get away from that jerk for a little while: for $30, you get two custom spray tans (a $60 value) from Body & Sol TANspa in St. Louis Park, just west of Minneapolis.
Body & Sol uses the Tan Envy airbrush tan, Chicago magazine's pick for best new airbrush tanning product, which bathes the skin in bronze without leaving a carrot-esque color or the usual off-putting sour odor of angel tears and bad breakups. Body & Sol's expert tanner techs apply the spray tan with a steady hand and a smile. This custom application ensures that customers don't leave the premises looking like calico cats of coruscation. Looking good is only 56% of the battle, though; Tan Envy's organic solution of ginseng, anti-aging botanicals, and antioxidants also leaves the skin feeling top-notch.
With its friendly staff and clean facilities, Body & Sol and its custom spray tans are perfect for those seeking to add a splash of radiant color—be it bronze, off-bronze, or midnight bronze—to the staticky television signal that is winter in the Midwest. Tanning at Body & Sol is by appointment only, so call ahead.
Citysearchers give Body & Sol TANspa a four-star average. Google Mappers award it 4.3 stars.
- If you are looking for tanning that is affordable, friendly, and will give you a great tan then this is the place to go. – greatguns, Citysearch
- The woman at the desk and the woman who did the spray tan were very friendly. The atmosphere was very good. Most importantly, my spray tan looked very natural. – Google Maps user who posted on 06/28/2010
Body & Sol Tan Spa
Body & Sol Tan Spa wields the power of indoor sunshine with three types of UV tanning apparatuses. The standup Sundome booths and Ovation beds with UVB-free facial tanners bronze skin for a fresh-off-the-beach appearance, minus the messy sand and arm-floatie tan lines. Alternatively, the salon's airbrush technicians emulate the sun's skin-darkening effects with UV-free spray tans that can create a weeklong bronze in mere seconds with a tinted mélange of ginseng, rosemary, and aloe vera. Aside from tanning services, the staff facilitates head-to-toe relaxation with therapeutic massages, full-body scrubs, deep-tissue, myofascial release, and sports massages.


text:
Need a Fertility Test in Waupun, WI? Simply order online 24/7 and get a fast, affordable Fertility Test at a lab near you (Find More Locations):
Why would I get a Fertility Test?
A Fertility Test can help people in Waupun, WI check for fertility through various blood and urine markers. A Fertility Test is part of a standard evaluation or as a precursor to in-vitro fertilization.
How much does a Fertility Test cost?
Our Fertility Test prices include the doctor's order that you need to get tested in Waupun, WI, all lab fees and taxes, and a pdf copy of your results. For current prices, please CLICK HERE.
What does a Fertility Test report look like?
For a sample report of a popular Fertility Test panel, please CLICK HERE.
We are delighted to offer a Fertility Test in Waupun, WI.
Fertility Test in other cities near Waupun, WI:Beaver Dam | Brandon | Brownsville | Burnett | Eldorado | Fairwater | Fond Du Lac | Fox Lake | Horicon | Mayville | Oakfield | Ripon | Rosendale | Woodland


text:
Regular price: $63.48
Sale price: $48.83
Estimated Shipping Cost: $11.95
Add item to cart to check stock levels.
Granulated. Since 1866. Good to Know: Maggi Granulated Chicken Flavor Bouillon contains 0 g of fat per serving. Good to Remember: This product has been seasoned to deliver great taste so there is no need to add salt. Product of Guatemala.