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Diversity and abundance of photosynthetic sponges in temperate Western Australia
Photosynthetic sponges are important components of reef ecosystems around the world, but are poorly understood. It is often assumed that temperate regions have low diversity and abundance of photosynthetic sponges, but to date no studies have investigated this question. The aim of this study was to compare the percentages of photosynthetic sponges in temperate Western Australia (WA) with previously published data on tropical regions, and to determine the abundance and diversity of these associations in a range of temperate environments.
We sampled sponges on 5 m belt transects to determine the percentage of photosynthetic sponges and identified at least one representative of each group of symbionts using 16S rDNA sequencing together with microscopy techniques. Our results demonstrate that photosynthetic sponges are abundant in temperate WA, with an average of 63% of sponge individuals hosting high levels of photosynthetic symbionts and 11% with low to medium levels. These percentages of photosynthetic sponges are comparable to those found on tropical reefs and may have important implications for ecosystem function on temperate reefs in other areas of the world. A diverse range of symbionts sometimes occurred within a small geographic area, including the three "big" cyanobacterial clades,
Photosynthetic sponges are abundant and diverse in temperate WA, with comparable percentages of photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic sponges to tropical zones. It appears that there are three common generalist clades of cyanobacterial symbionts of sponges which occur in a wide range of sponges in a wide range of environmental conditions.
Sponges (Phylum
Photosynthetic sponges are very diverse in terms of the taxonomy of hosts and symbionts and their biogeography, occurring around the world in tropical and temperate oceans. They occupy a similar niche to hard corals, being filter-feeding benthic primary producers that provide food and shelter for a range of reef organisms. Photosynthetic symbionts include cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, rhodophytes, chlorophytes and diatoms
The most common group of photosynthetic symbionts in sponges are the cyanobacteria, occurring in at least 38 sponge genera belonging to the Classes Calcarea and Demospongiae
It is not known conclusively if sponges that vertically transmit symbionts are able to recognise them. Many sponges harbor large numbers of extracellular bacteria in their mesohyl, and if they are fed these bacteria together with food bacteria, the sponges are able to discriminate between them
A phylogenetic analysis of sponge derived cyanobacterial 16S rDNA sequences showed that more than three-quarters fell into monophyletic, sponge-specific clusters
Photosynthetic sponges are common in tropical regions
The existence of sponge-specific microorganisms has been accepted but many gaps remain in our knowledge of the identity of the symbionts, the mechanisms that affect the microbial diversity in the sponges, and the physiology of the symbionts. In this study we use the term 'symbiosis' as the intimate association of two organisms, including mutualisms and parasitism. The aim of this study was to determine the percentages of photosynthetic sponges in a temperate region and compare this with previous studies of tropical regions, and to explore the biodiversity of photosynthetic symbionts of sponges and their relative abundance in temperate south-western Australian waters. 5 m belt transects with high numbers of sponges were selected and studied using optical and molecular techniques. Additionally,
Sponge collection and preservation
5 m belt transects were located in coastal areas of temperate southern Western Australia in depths ranging from 3 m to 8.2 m and with different ecological conditions (see Table
Table 1
Transect locations: 5 m belt transects conducted in coastal areas of the Perth metropolitan region and Busselton area.
Transect label
Light level
Study site
Woodman Point
3.0 m
West/North-West facing gently sloping wall, limestone boulders, high sedimentation rate
Woodman Point
7.0 m
West/North-West facing gently sloping wall, limestone boulders, high sedimentation rate
South Mole
5.7 m
South facing wall with overhang
South Mole
7.8 m
Full Sun
Open sandy flat bottom
Eagle Bay
7.2 m
Full Sun
Upper surface of large rock
Busselton Jetty
6.9 m
Jetty pylons
8.2 m
West/South-West facing overhang
*Transect Mn was only 3 m in length.
PAM fluorometry
An underwater pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometer (Diving-PAM, Walz GmbH, Germany) was used on all sponges on transects EB, BJ and Mn prior to sampling to determine which sponges were positive for photosynthesis. This allowed us to sample only sponges with photosynthetic symbionts, preventing unnecessary environmental damage and saving time. Sponges with visible surface contamination were brushed with a tooth brush before PAM readings were taken. To record rapid light curves a surface holder "DIVING-SH" was fixed on the sponge. Rapid light curves first measured the maximal YIELD in the absence of actinic light, followed by a series of 8 consecutive YIELD-measurements with increasing light intensity. The measuring intensity was 12 and the saturating light pulse intensity was 10 (width 0.8 seconds). The actinic light intensity at the beginning of the light curve measurement was 2 and the step width was 10 seconds. If the YIELD was less than 0.1 at the beginning of the measurement the sample was defined as 'negative' for photosynthetic symbionts. These sponges were noted, but not collected. As we lacked the equipment necessary to determine absorbance and reflection of light of different sponges, absolute levels of photosynthetic efficiency could not be determined.
Light Microscopy
All samples were analyzed via fluorescence microscopy to determine the presence, distribution and density of photosynthetic symbionts. Fresh sponge samples were washed with autoclaved sea water and cross sections were cut thinly using a double-sided razor. The sections were examined by fluorescence microscopy using a Leitz Diaplan microscope (Leica Microsystems, Germany). Blue light, using a I3 filter block (450–490 nm excitation filter and 515 barrier filter), and green light, using a N2.1 filter block (515–560 nm excitation filter and 590 barrier filter), were used to detect the distribution and concentration of autofluorescent cyanobacterial or algal pigments. Cyanobacterial and rhodophyte autofluorescence appeared orange-yellow using blue light due to the presence of phycobiliproteins, and were red in colour using green light, while algae (other than rhodophytes) appeared red in blue light. All samples were categorized according to a subjective analysis of the levels of autofluorescence from photosynthetic pigments (Table
Table 2
Transect results: Number of individuals and species of photosynthetic sponges at different sampling sites.
Transect label
Light level
High Light
High Light
Full Sun
Full Sun
Number of different species:
63 (100%)
30 (48%)
10 (16%)
23 (36%)
P: high levels of autofluorescence, L-M: low to medium levels of autofluorescence, N: no autofluorescence.
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Fresh sponge biopsies (~2 mm3) were fixed in 2.5% EM grade glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0 (0.05 M NaH2PO4 and 0.05 M Na2HPO4) for 3 hours then post-fixed with 1% OsO4 in 0.05 M phosphate buffer for 1 1/2 hours. The specimens were dehydrated in an ethanol series and 100% propylene oxide, then embedded in Spurr's resin
To avoid surface contamination the sponge samples were brushed with a toothbrush and rinsed with distilled water. Distribution of symbionts in the sponge tissue was examined via fluorescence microscopy and, where possible, about 1 mm of the sponge surface was removed with a double-sided razor to reduce surface contamination. Approximately 1 mm3 pieces of sponge tissue were placed directly into the PCR reaction mixes after soaking in ddH2O for 5 minutes. Cyanobacterial-specific primers were used to amplify cyanobacterial DNA in sponges. The forward primer cya359F (5'-GGGGAATYTTCCGCAATGGG)
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
20 μL of PCR product were added to 10 μL of loading buffer and run on a 7% polyacrylamide gel with a denaturing gradient of 20 to 60%. The wells and the top of the gel were formed with 0% urea. The gel was run for 3.5 hours at 180 V, then stained in 20 mg of ethidium bromide/ml in 1 × TAE (40 mM Tris-HCl, 20 mM acetic acid, 1 mM EDTA pH 8) for 15 minutes. Bands were visualised on a UV transilluminator, excised, placed in 15 μL of ddH2O and stored at -20°C for sequencing reactions.
PCR products were purified using a QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN, Germany) as per manufacturers instructions, the DNA quantified with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (ND-1000 NanoDrop Technologies, USA), and 10–20 ng of product used as a template for direct sequencing reactions. Sequencing reactions were analysed using an ABI automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, USA) at a commercial facility (Royal Perth Hospital, West Australian Genome Resource Centre). Both DNA strands were sequenced using the original primers and a 10 μl reaction mix containing 2 μl of BigDye Terminator Mix (BDTM) version 3.1 (Applied Biosystems, USA). Chromatographs were checked by eye using the software Chromas Lite version 2.0 and ambiguous parts were removed. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST)
Abundance of photosynthetic sponges
A total of 63 different sponge species from 7 transects were examined for the presence of photosymbionts. 30 sponge species had high levels of autofluorescence and were categorized as 'positive' for photosymbionts (48%). 10 species had 'low to medium' levels of autofluorescence (16%) and 23 species were 'negative' (36%) (Table
Between 2 and 22 photosynthetic sponge individuals and 2 to 13 photosynthetic sponge species occurred on the transects, and the percent and number of photosynthetic sponge species was higher for the southern sites at Eagle Bay and Busselton Jetty (Table
Types of photosynthetic symbionts in sponges: Molecular and microscopy results
Sequences were obtained for the symbionts of 10 photosynthetic sponges. Symbionts from
Table 3
Overview of the 16S rDNA sequencing results of sponge symbionts in temperate Western Australia.
Calcarea species
Undescibed cyanobacterium
*These symbionts were sequenced by Usher et al. (2004a).
Figure 1
DGGE of cyanobacterial symbionts
DGGE of cyanobacterial symbionts. 16S rDNA Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of cyanobacterial symbionts occurring in sponges in this study. 1: Host =
Synechococcus species
The cyanobacterial symbionts of
Cyanobacterial symbionts belonging to the "
Figure 2
Symbiont in
Symbiont in
Oscillatoria spongeliae clade
Synechocystis species
16S rDNA DGGE of
Figure 3
Unknown Symbionts
DGGE using 16S rDNA resulted in three bands for a
Red Algae
A rhodophyte species was found to be associated with the sponge
Figure 4
Rhodophyte symbiont
Rhodophyte symbiont. a) Rhodophyte autofluorescence (ra) in
Figure 5
Light curves
Light curves. Recorded light curves using PAM fluorometry: relative photosynthetic electron transport rates (rel. ETR) as a function of irradiance (measured as photosynthetic active radiation PAR) for sponge individuals growing in close proximity on the same transect. □
PAM fluorometry
Rapid light curves contain information that enables the determination of quantum yields (Y) of photosystem II and induction and saturation characteristics of photosynthesis, and can therefore be used to compare sponges harboring the same symbionts under different light conditions. However, as the number of measurements for identical sponge species from different transects was too low, this analysis was not conducted. Nonetheless, the method provides an indication of the saturation characteristics of different sponge symbionts that occur close to each other in the same light conditions.
This study is the first to demonstrate that photosynthetic sponges are abundant and diverse in a temperate region in south Western Australia. An average of 48% of species and 63% of individuals were found to be strongly photosynthetic, with an additional 16% of species and 11% of individuals having low to medium levels of photosynthetic symbionts. These percentages are comparable to those found in temperate south east Australia. Roberts and colleagues
Symbionts belonging to the "
Sponge hosts containing these symbionts sometimes occurred in close proximity to one another, but it is unknown how the symbionts are acquired by their hosts. The mode of symbiont transmission is only known for one sponge species that occurs in WA,
" Candidatus Synechococcus spongiarum"
The "
Synechocystis trididemni
This is the first report of
Oscillatoria spongeliae
The cyanobacterium
Unknown Symbiont
The distinctive "hairy" cyanobacterium in
Filamentous rhodophytes with similar gross morphology were observed in at least 7 sponge species in this study, growing through and over spongin fibres and giving them a red colouration. Similar spongin-permeating algae,
This study is the first to investigate the molecular phylogeny of rhodophyte symbionts in sponges. Our 16S rDNA sequence of this symbiont in
Sponges containing rhodophytes included densely pigmented orange and dark grey species, and it is interesting that algae can grow successfully deep in the body of these sponges. It is possible that light is conducted to the algae by spicules, as all the sponge species containing rhodophytes in this study except
Levels of cyanobacterial autofluorescence
It is interesting that different levels of cyanobacterial densities were observed in sponges in this study, ranging from low to high. Sponges with very high densities of cyanobacteria resulted in a strongly positive PAM result, while other sponges with low to medium concentrations of symbionts resulted in low to medium PAM readings. Similar observations have been made by Erwin and Thacker
Sponges with microbial symbionts must have regulatory mechanisms to avoid symbionts overwhelming host tissues. Several of these mechanisms have been proposed including the sponge consuming enough of the products from photosynthesis to restrict cyanobacterial growth, and the sponge eating or ejecting the symbionts when stressed
The Diving PAM was a useful method for determining photosynthetic sponges
DGGE using 16S rDNA was useful for separating and sequencing cyanobacterial symbionts where more than one species was present within a host. However, it appears that our gel would have benefited from running longer than the 3 1/2 hours we used, as the bands for "
Occurrence of photosynthetic sponges
There are likely to be a number of factors that influence the occurrence of photosynthetic sponges, including light conditions, sedimentation and possibly nutrient levels. In WA the Leeuwin Current transports nutrient-poor water from the tropics southwards in winter, however, this flows well offshore from our sampling sites. Chlorophyll
Interestingly, the percentage of photosynthetic sponge species was higher at the Busselton Jetty and Eagle Bay sites than in the Perth metropolitan region. Sediment levels were noticeably higher at the latter sites, potentially affecting the success of photosynthetic sponges. Wilkinson
The high diversity and abundance of photosynthetic sponges found in this study indicates they are as important in temperate Western Australia as they are in tropical zones. Other temperate areas need to be examined to determine if WA is unusual in this respect, or if this finding can be generalized. It appears that there are three common generalist clades of cyanobacterial symbionts of sponges, "
Authors' contributions
ML and KU carried out transect work including the collection of sponge samples, PAM measurements
KU was supported by a Research Grant from the University of Western Australia. ML was supported by a grant of Landesstiftung Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Many thanks to Andrew Usher for his invaluable support for this project. Sincere thanks also to Simon Toze, CSIRO Land and Water, Western Australia for providing the supplies, equipment and advice that enabled this project to be undertaken. Aspects of this project were carried out using facilities at the Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, which is supported by University, State and Federal Government funding. Hydrofluoric acid treatment of sponge samples for TEM was kindly undertaken by B. Wilson at the University of Western Australia. This work was also supported by the research project BIOTECmarin (03F0414D), founded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Resaerch (BMBF) and the University of Stuttgart, Germany.
Articulated sponges from the Lower Cambrian Hetang Formation in southern Anhui, South China: their age and implications for the early evolution of sponges
Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges
System und Phylogenie der Lebewesen. Bd. 1. Physikalische, chemische und biologische Evolution. Prokaryonta, Eukaryonta/bis Ctenophora
Natural diet and grazing rate of the temperate sponge
The morphology and development of some prominantly stalked southern Australian Halymeniaceae (Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyta). 2. The sponge-associated genera
Associations between Caribbean sponges and photosynthetic organisms
Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential
Net primary productivity in coral reef sponges
Productivity and abundance of large sponge populations on Flinders Reef flats, Coral Sea
Metabolic integration between symbiotic cyanobacteria and sponges: a possible mechanism
Nitrogen fixation in coral reef sponges with symbiotic cyanobacteria
Cyanobacterial symbiont biosynthesis of chlorinated metabolites from
Identification of the antifungal peptide-containing symbiont of the marine sponge
CRC handbook of symbiotic cyanobacteria
Marine sponges as microbial fermenters
The evolution of mutualisms: exploring the paths between conflict and cooperation
Vertical transmission of cyanobacterial symbionts in the marine sponge
Transmission, plasticity and the molecular identification of cyanobacterial symbionts in the Red Sea sponge
Inter-generational transmission of microbial symbionts in the marine sponge
Characterization of a culturable alphaproteobacterial symbiont common to many marine sponges and evidence for vertical transmission via sponge larvae†
Electron microscope study of the association between some sponges and bacteria
Marine sponges discriminate between food bacteria and bacterial symbionts: electron microscope radioautography and
Bacterial uptake by the marine sponge
Molecular evidence for a uniform microbial community in sponges from different oceans
A new species of cyanobacterial symbiont from the marine sponge
The biogeography and phylogeny of unicellular cyanobacterial symbionts in sponges from Australia and the Mediterranean
Photosymbiosis in intertidal and subtidal tropical sponges
Interocean differences in size and nutrition of coral reef sponge populations
Evidence for symbiotic algae in sponges from temperate coastal reefs in New South Wales Australia
Diverse microbial communities inhabit Antarctic sponges
Diatom invasion in the antarctic hexactinellid sponge
The diversity of relationships between Antarctic sponges and diatoms: the case of
Parasitic diatoms inside antarctic sponges
A mixed-layer nutrient climatology of Leeuwin Current and Western Australian shelf waters: Seasonal nutrient dynamics and biomass
A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy
The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy
PCR primers to amplify 16S rRNA genes from cyanobacteria
Molecular and ecological studies of sponge-microbial associations. PhD Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs
Speciation and biosynthetic variation in four dictyoceratid sponges and their cyanobacterial symbiont,
Incidence and identity of photosynthetic symbionts in Caribbean coral reef sponge assemblages
Sponges: An essential component of Caribbean coral reefs
Abundance, biomass and growth rates of
Exploring cyanobacterial mutualisms
An unusual cyanophyte, containing phycourobilin and symbiotic with ascidians and sponges
Investigation of
Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene of cyanobacteria associated with the marine sponge
Host specificity of the symbiotic cyanobacterium
Filamentous cyanophytes containing phycourobilin and in symbiosis with sponges and an ascidian of coral reefs
Isolation of
Associazioni fra Poriferi e alghe in acque superficiali del litorale marino
Population dynamics of an association between a coral reef sponge and a red macroalgae
Ammonium excretion by a symbiotic sponge supplies the nitrogen requirements of its rhodophyte partner
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Light inside sponges
Symbiotic interactions between marine sponges and algae


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I posted a while back about Alexander being a "success" story for the Children's Hospital in Detroit. Well we did our filming today and talk about bringing back memories. They came to our place and it was basically an interview about when we found out and what we were told and how we felt, blah blah blah.
Talk about some good but some depressing memories. We told them about 2 different doctors telling us they were not recommending anything but we had until 24 weeks to terminate and he could be blind, deaf or have CP. They asked if termination ever entered my mind and I said of course not and talked about hearing his heartbeat and seeing him move on the US. And I teared up...tried so hard not to but it was inevitable. They asked how we liked our neurosurgeon and I told them he was the first one to give us any hope after all the "doom & gloom".
Kind of depressing to think about the frame of mind we were in at that time but nice to think about how far we have all come.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thanks for your kind words Pramote
I always feel rewarded when nature offers me a slice of its light.
Another one from Palouse, Rm3di with Rodie 40mm, f - something (prob 16), 1/4 second, ISO 35. used some shift (10) to keep the camera level, and this is a 4 shot vertical stitch, overlapping 75% each time to help with the stitch using a wider lens like this.
My gallery35 Member(s) liked this post
North Kona, HI
Hasselblad H4D-40/HCD 35-90mm/Lee Big Stopper/Lee 0.3 GND
__________________________________________________ ____
31 Member(s) liked this post
Just having a bit of practise fun today with the new setup, trying to get the right feel for some more complex movements. The aim in this one, which I will shoot again in nicer light now that I have been able to experiment, was to get the entire ground level facade in focus from near to far and to get the red life saver far right also in focus. Ended up at F8 with around 1.5 degree of swing left and about a five fall for framing, with a bespoke LCC. Rather a boring shot after all that but practise might one day make perfect, technically at least! This is not my special subject so I do need to work on it.
IQ180/Rodie 40 HR/Alpa STC
50% size image here - it really is in quite good focus where I wanted...
8 Member(s) liked this post
Thought I might have missed the ship when everyone was uploading their Lighthouse photos. Here's one a few miles from where I live in Door County, Wisconsin. Not my usual subject, but I had fun working it up for presentation. This is the Lake Michigan lighthouse at the entrance to the shipping canal (shortcut) into Sturgeon Bay. Pentax 645D, Pentax-FA645 45-85mm at 45mm.
Last edited by WildRover; 25th October 2013 at 18:48.
14 Member(s) liked this post
[IMG] _IGP3323Step5sRGBSMALL by eduardotunnel4, on Flickr[/IMG]
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The Grand Tetons photographed over Jackson Lake from Colter Bay.
323 seconds
Grand Teton Sunset by RickrPhoto, on Flickr
Rick Rose
HasselPhase22 Member(s) liked this post
Well the thread is called 'fun' with.... so here's a little game. Spot the obvious mistake:
Another image coming up later, to show another version of the same daft image.
OK, smart @ss Bob! I was going to post this one next but you are waay ahead....
I was piddling about trying to see how, on a still evening, a combination of exposure bracketing and focus bracketing might hang together when, halfway through the series of bracketed shots, this family walked into view and then settled bang on centre. My hatred of them grew. The lady kept on looking at me in a 'why are you pointing a camera at us?' way and I kept on looking at her in a 'why are you sat in front of my camera' way and they won the stalemate.
To hell with bracketing. I'm just going to make blown highlights and OOF foregrounds a big part of my people-free style!
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Ah yes, civilians! Second only to other photographers wearing bright yellow, pink or orange outfits walking into and staying put in vista scenes (especially when they KNOW they are in your shot!). Photoshop clone stamp and content aware fill are wonderful things ...
Remember: adventure before dementia!
As Oscar Wilde said, "my tastes are simple, I only like the best"
Tim's experience reminds me of a sunrise shot of a swinging bench in Hawaii. I'm behind the bench focusing on it out to the ocean. I had woken up at 4:30'or so to set up beforehand.
So this guy my age (late 50s) walks up to the beach with his wife, coffee cups in hand, glares at me and both sit down on the swing... Sort of an in-your-face "I can sit wherever the hell I want" look and posture...
So I start whistling. Unsyncopated, atonal, random, multi-octave nonsense whistling. Even I couldn't stand it!! I watched the fellow become more and more rigid in his posture. Made me whistle even more obnoxiously!
After about 15 minutes, befor the sun rose, the guy and his wife got off the bench and stood over to my left (not close enough to worry). I stopped whistling as soon as their arses left the bench. Even my dog would have been able to figure out this behavior modification technique!
The sun rose in short order. I made my exposures and calibration shots then packed up and left. Never even looked at the intruders. I call it Whistler's Sunrise. Nice image; better story!:dh2:
Bench Views
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Here is another long exposure of them
The Grand Tetons and Snake River by RickrPhoto, on Flickr
Rick Rose
HasselPhase15 Member(s) liked this post
One from this evening - an old favourite scene but this time captured with a few more pixels! IQ180/Rodie 40HR/Alpa STC with 2 degrees of tilt at F8. Sigh. I love this setup. Finally I feel I am working harmoniously with the system rather than fighting it...
and here's a central crop...
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Can't stop today - capture diarrhoea, sorry!
As above system, different settings, Optimum-CSPro iPhone app and Disto used to place the DOF exactly where I wanted it...
11 Member(s) liked this post
1 Member(s) liked this post
Can anyone in here edit and delete this post for me?
I can no longer edit it. I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you.
Rick Rose
Email one of the moderators: after after a day or two, they are the only people who can do that...
Been travelling in Scotland - love the place.
Just a quick thanks to one of our forum members who took me hill walking in the Isle of Skye, when this image was taken.
Thank you Rob.
IQ180, 645DF, 35mm lens.
Mal, Toowoomba, Australia
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From a job today... Repairing aluminium smelting ovens...
H4D-40 80mm f3.4 iso 400
9 Member(s) liked this post
And another...
H4D-40 HCD28mm f4 iso 800 1/250
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H4D-40 HCD28mm iso 800 with a tiny bit of gridded profoto magnum reflector
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From the North Shore of Lake Superior.
Bill CB
www.billcaulfeild-browne.ca6 Member(s) liked this post
Maybe not so much fun right then.... and my heart jumped until I checked the front element... but to paraphrase what a wise man once said... get closer!
H4D-40 28mm wide open, iso 800 1/180
9 Member(s) liked this post
Bill CB
North Kona, HI
Hasselblad H4D-40/HCD 35-90mm/Lee Big Stopper/Lee 0.3 GND
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Rossport, Lake Superior.
Bill CB
www.billcaulfeild-browne.ca7 Member(s) liked this post
In contrast to yesterdays industrial commercial shoot, today I was in the studio. this afternoon I had a visit from a new member of staff at the bank needing a profile pic for their webpage... well once the corporate portrait was in the box, we made this for her facebook profile
H4D-40 150mm @ f4 1/250 iso 400 one Arri T1 with barn doors
Last edited by Nathan W. Lediard; 20th June 2013 at 13:25.
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Another from my Palouse trip, Rm3di with Rodie 40HRW, no shifts. 1/30th at f something (prob about 16), 35 iso, 2 stop soft GND (tiffen glass)
Last edited by Wayne Fox; 21st June 2013 at 19:40.
My gallery18 Member(s) liked this post
Sand Beach, Acadia National Park, Maine
Phase One IQ 180/ Phase One DF/ Mamiya 35mm AF
8 Member(s) liked this post
Kona Beach, HI
Hasselblad H4D-40/HCD 28mm/Hitech 7-stop ND/Lee 0.3 GND
South Point, South Kona, HI
Hasselblad H4D-40/HCD 28mm/Hitech 7-stop ND/Lee 0.3 GND
8 Member(s) liked this post
Hawaii Volcano National Park, HI
Hasselblad H4D-40/HCD 35-90mm/Hitech 7-stop ND/Lee 0.3 GND
7 Member(s) liked this post
South Point, South Kona, HI
Hasselblad H4D-40/HCD 28mm/Hitech 7-stop ND/Lee 0.3 GND
(I don't know why it looks like an HDR! It was only simply manipulated in PS).
Last edited by Landscapelover; 23rd June 2013 at 09:17.
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Tonight is allegedly the largest moon of the year.. so i grab this quick snap with a H4d-50 and HC300mm
3 Member(s) liked this post
More from Superior.
Bill CB
www.billcaulfeild-browne.ca9 Member(s) liked this post
Another version of one posted a day or two ago.
Bill CB
www.billcaulfeild-browne.ca8 Member(s) liked this post
[QUOTE=Bill Caulfeild-Browne;522165]More from Superior.
Bill CB, your last two photos were sublime. Nicely done. Lake Superior has some fantastic landscapes and you certainly did a fine job here.
1 Member(s) liked this post


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When I first heard MSNBC had suspended Keith Olbermann indefinitely for ethics violations because Olbermann donated some money to the political campaigns of Democrats, I thought I was reading a fake news story from the Onion News Network. This had to be a joke. When I realized it was real, I wondered - why is MSNBC suddenly concerned with Olbermann's ethics now, after all the ethics-free years Olby has already spent at MSNBC ? I thought perhaps MSNBC executives had watched MSNBC's unprofessional and biased election coverage tuesday night, in which MSNBC got hammered in the ratings as usual (Fox News was the highest rated station with 7 million viewers. MSNBC was in last place with 2 million), and decided maybe it was time to pull the plug on it's Olbermann-led masturbatory liberal nighttime funhouse.
Then I realized that wasn't it at all. The truth was something far more bizarre and Onionesque - MSNBC ACTUALLY BELIEVES OLBERMANN IS A JOURNALIST, and is trying to hold him to (lol) journalistic standards. Here is MSNBC's stated policy on it's "journalists" donating to political campaigns:
"MSNBC.com employees who take part in civic or other outside activities, including participation in political campaigns or public events such as speeches, marches and political rallies, or who publicly espouse controversial positions,
may find that these activities jeopardize their standing as objective journalists. MSNBC.com employees should report any such potential conflicts in advance to, and obtain the prior approval of, the Editor in Chief or his designee.
"If a contribution, monetary or otherwise, to a candidate or group with a political or social agenda could create the appearance of a conflict of interest due to the employee's responsibilities at MSNBC.com, the contribution must receive the prior approval of the section Executive Producer or Editor in Chief
"If a contribution, monetary or otherwise, to a candidate or group with a political or social agenda could create the appearance of a conflict of interest due to the employee's responsibilities at MSNBC.com, the contribution must receive the prior approval of the section Executive Producer or Editor in Chief
Categorizing Olbermann as an "objective journalist" or worrying about his "appearance of a conflict of interest" is just too much for this blogger to bear. Despite Olbermann's own self-delusion that he is the second coming of Edward R. Murrow, everyone else knows the words "objective" and "journalist" have no relationship whatsoever to Olbermann's nightly MSNBC left-wingathon. Olbermann's SOLE raison d'etre at MSNBC is to beat down conservatives and raise up liberals. He is the very antithesis of "objective." The same is true of ALL his fellow nighttime MSNBC cohorts, so where is this treasured objectivity and journalistic integrity of which MSNBC executives speak ? It's a joke.
Let's use the example of tuesday night's election coverage. MSNBC's coverage consisted of wall-to-wall liberals, from Olbermann to Rachel Maddow to Lawrence O'Donnell to Ed Schultz to Chris Matthews to Eugene Robinson. MSNBC's coverage represented the full spectrum of intellectual political diversity, ranging from left-wing to far left-wing. I hope I'm not leaving any lefties out, but lefty commentary (if you can even call it commentary) was all you heard at MSNBC on election night. Fox News, on the other hand, (who is soooo biased according to MSNBC), offered analysis from across the political spectrum. Fox handed the reins to daytime anchors Megyn Kelly and Brett Baier, and had on a variety of Democrat and liberal commentors, from Alan Colmes to Bob Beckel to Doug Schoen to Juan Williams to Kirsten Powers and others. Fox News was fair and balanced. MSNBC aired a liberal wall-of-sound with segments like Lawrence O'Donnell saying Rand Paul's election to the Senate from Kentucky could trigger a global financial collapse and armageddon. If you think I'm kidding, watch the video at the above link. I'm not kidding. Olbermann compared the Republican victory to a toxic substance that would bore down and eat away the earth's core. Chris Matthews was openly mocking GOP Rep. Michelle Bachmann on-air as the rest of the juvenile MSNBC ass-clowns snickered in the background. Maddow objected to Bachmann's inference that Matthews and MSNBC were in the tank for Obama (say it ain't so !!!!!), because while Matthews was mocking Bachmann and asking her repeatedly if she was in a trance, Bachmann mocked him right back, saying that the tingle in Matthews' leg probably wasn't so strong on a night of GOP victories. The bias of MSNBC's election coverage was absolute, as is the bias of MSNBC's political coverage every other night.
Thus, MSNBC suspending Olbermann for the appearance of a conflict of interest over a few campaign donations is ludicrous. Everyone in America already knows Olby is in the tank for liberals. It's not exactly a secret. Here's the kicker - MSNBC offered Olby's job to liberal Chris Hayes, editor of the left-wing Nation magazine. They picked another in-the-tank lefty to replace an in-the-tank lefty. Love that "objective journalistic integrity" over at MSNBC. Then MSNBC found out Hayes had also donated to the campaigns of Democrats, and they withdrew the offer. It's so weird. MSNBC hires people who ARE openly partisan and biased....but they don't want those same people to SEEM partisan and biased by giving money to Democrats. The substance of it's commentators doesn't matter to MSNBC, but the appearance does matter. It's absurd. MSNBC should dispense with the pretense, just admit what they are, and get on with it. That's what they'd do if they had any, um,...integrity.
Just in case Olby the journalistic giant (ass) doesn't return, here's a very brief tribute. I'd give him a longer tribute, but he doesn't deserve one:
Yeah, good night and good luck. Olby thinks that catchphrase makes him exactly like his hero Murrow, which is just one more thing for Olbermann to be wrong about. Don't let the door hit you in the backside, you imperious, smug, self-righteous hack.
Click here to read or leave a comment on this story.
About This Blog
About Da King


text:
Fog Armor were Scorpion armor enchanted to change their form to other two different kind of armor. The wearer could shift the armor to any of the three types at will, to better adapt the suit to the current circumstances. [1]
- ↑ Complete Exotic Arms Guide, p. 59
|This Scorpion Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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This hotel is most popular for:
- Couples
- Everyone
- Family
Recent guest reviews
Excellent customer service. Roof top swimming pool is small but nice. Room is spacious. Walking distance to almost everything.
Not a bad hotel. Easy access to sky train. Very small parking space.
I had three problems with this hotel, none of which I realized right away, but after a night's stay, unfortunately resulted in some low stars for some areas of their hotel. The staff is amazingly friendly, but my internet was not fast, and it became hard to get my work done as I had to keep signing back into the hotel wifi after being kicked off randomly. Secondly, while they upgraded my room, the bed was not very comfortable. the linens and decor of the room is very appealing but the bed is not anything to brag about. Lastly, which is the reason I will probably not return, I wanted to take a shower in the morning before leaving, however, I had to clean the tub myself as there were several long and short hairs scattered about the tub. This was extremely off-putting and while still a budget hotel, I expected better cleanliness (
This hotel is directly beside the Sky Train, which offers quick, easy and cheap access to shopping, recreation, food, nightlife and, especialyy, the airport. Food was good, especially with poolside bar service. Enjoyed that very much! There are a multitude of local food choices surrounding the hotel, which is where I went most of the time. Rooms were clean and comfortable, with great air conditioning. Fridge, nicrowave and hot pot made eating fruit, snacks and leftovers in the room a pleasure. I usually stay at the i-Residence in the adjacent Sathorn disrict, but I will certainly consider this Silom district i-Residence next time. The staff was helpful with ideas on local attractions. The transportation staff was top notch and easy to communicate and negotiate with.
Excellent access to Sky Train. Staff was great, as was the transportation staff. Rooms were clean, comfortable and functional. Food and poolside bar were greatly enjoyed.
Stayed at this hotel several times since it first opened. Property definitely show signs of aging. Lobby smells a hint of sewage, but so does the rest of the city. If you are a fan of extra firm mattresses, you'll love this place. However, that appears to be the norm in Asia. Otherwise this hotel is a gem. Great location next to rail stop. Chic concept and unbeatable value for comfort, style, location, and budget.
Please rememberthat that is the rainny seasion in Thailand, so days it was difficult to get out. However, when I di go out I did a lot sight seeing and shopping.The food and nigh life were not to bad either! Unfoutuantely I was operating with a small budget becasue savings are delpeted due to being unemployed for 2 years.However, I was still able to have a pretty good time even thought I did not get to Pattaya or Chiang Mai! You should also know that there are 2 i residence hotels in Bangkok. I stated at the SILOM location,but I woulkd defintley say at the Sathron road location the next time that I come. The location is somewhat isolated, and not so noisy especially in the morning!
Great Location just right in front of BTS. Perfect view from the roof top pool of a city. Rooms are old and many of fixtures are old and did not works as it should. Low water pressure, LAN line that didn't work (100 baht for 24 hours) not to mention that its SLOW, Drain Line that didn't want to do its one any only job.
This hotel is great value. Very spacious rooms. There is building work going on adjacent to the hotel, and the check-in clerk was very accommodating when I requested a room on the 'quiet' side of the hotel. Good free internet room.
Hotel highlights
- Walking distance to Patpong Night Market
- Free WiFi in rooms and public areas
- Free parking
- Onsite dining
Located in Bang Rak within a short walk of Patpong Night Market, I Residence Hotel Silom is within a mile (2 km) of other popular sights such as Lumpini Park. This 4-star hotel has 119 rooms and welcomes guests with a restaurant, an outdoor pool, and free in-room WiFi. Located centrally in Bangkok, it's also close to Wat Pho and Wat Arun.
Enjoy a bite to eat at the hotel's restaurant, or relax with a drink at the bar/lounge. Savor a meal from the privacy of your room with 24-hour room service, or get a pick-me-up at the coffee shop/café. For your convenience, breakfast is available for a fee.
I Residence Hotel Silom's 119 air-conditioned rooms provide refrigerators, coffee makers, and free bottled water. 32-inch LCD TVs come with cable channels, and guests can stay connected with free WiFi. In-room massages are available, and other amenities include hair dryers and laptop-compatible safes.
Property features
At I Residence Hotel Silom, guests enjoy an outdoor pool, a fitness center, and a rooftop terrace. There's free parking and an airport shuttle. The front desk is staffed 24/7 to help with dry cleaning/laundry, tours or tickets, and luggage storage. Additional amenities include free WiFi in public areas, 5 meeting rooms, and a business center.


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[Halo 3] Grifball
Anyone Else on this forum play the Halo 3 sport Grifball with over 300 teams and thousands of players in the now established league?
if so maybe you guys can fill out this sheet
Current Team:
League Experiance:
Other Information:
for example
Gamertag:LPH META KNIGHT
Current Team:Technically No Team but future Co-Captain of Team Epic Fail
Postion:orginally Tank but from end of this season onwards a Hybrid
League experiance:Played for Team Chupathingy in Spring League lost first round of Play offs against eventual Champions Death on Call, then moved to Death on Call for the Summer League only team fell apart and now is Teamless but forming a team with former team mate Sir Jimmmy and 2 other elite Uk Grifball Players for the next season.
Other Information:Is one of the only Uk Grifball PLayers to bring American Tactics and skill moves into the UK league making him superior to most players in his league
that was a sheet for me ^_^
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He's an exceptionally tall guy as he's a height of 6 feet 3 inches, which will be around 1.91 meters. He's been a brilliant performer and his impressive work in TV shows and films has made him a fan favorite. He's been really successful in his career and he's net worth in countless dollars. He's given many shirtless scenes in line with the demand of the script in TV shows and films.
Curious readers can read more about him and his fascinating biography from wiki websites like Wikipedia and IMDb. After being so popular he's managed to maintain his private life really low profile. He's not shown the man he's dating right now or anything on his present matter. No one knows whether he's married and has a wife or not. He's not shown his girlfriend additionally and no one knows whether he's one or not. As he's never shown his sexual preference, no one knows whether he's homosexual or not.
He's now playing the part of Monroe in an extremely popular series called Grimm and he's given some mindblowing performances in this show. He played the part of Chett Johns in Halloween 2 in the year 2009. He played the part of Charles "Haywire" Patoshik in an extremely popular TV series called Prison Break in the year 2005 to the year 2007. It doesn't look like he's substantially participated in Twitter and Instagram and will not prefer to upload his images in those websites.


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The primary anti-spam of the Halon SMTP software is a commercial technology from CYREN, which detects spam by measuring the volume of messages, globally. However, SpamAssassin is included as well, primarily to provide a "second opinion" in case the CYREN engine isn't sure.
The system ship's with SpamAssassin's default configuration, with these exceptions;
score RDNS_NONE 0 # We don't do reverse lookups for performance reasons lock_method flock # Faster locking method use_bayes 0 # Faster Bayes database (lines below) bayes_auto_learn 1 bayes_file_mode 0777 bayes_path /storage/spamassassin/bayesian/bayes bayes_store_module Mail::SpamAssassin::BayesStore::SDB
For information on what SA rules are included by default, please see SpamAssassin's official default rules page. It's possible to add your own custom SA rules on the Configuration > Anti-spam/virus > SpamAssassin page.
SpamAssassin can be used with the HSL function; ScanSA in the DATA flow. It is also available in the graphical "Anti-spam" block.
if (ScanSA() >= 5)
Reject("SpamAssassin thinks your message is SPAM");
DNSBL usage
SpamAssassin has strict policy for which DNSBL lists to include by default. Some of them might, or might not, be free for you to use. However, your system's accuracy or performance shouldn't be significantly degraded if some of those DNSBL's start blocking you.
Disabling DNSBL and other online checks
If you have a very high traffic system which is likely to be blocked by all SpamAssassin's included DNSBL lists, you can disable all of them by adding
skip_rbl_checks 1 skip_uribl_checks 1
to your configuration, or disabling some of them by adding lines such as
score __RCVD_IN_ZEN 0 # SpamHaus score URIBL_SC_SURBL 0 # SURBL score URIBL_WS_SURBL 0 score URIBL_PH_SURBL 0 score URIBL_MW_SURBL 0 score URIBL_AB_SURBL 0 score URIBL_JP_SURBL 0 score RCVD_IN_DOB 0 # Day Old Bread score URIBL_RHS_DOB 0 score DNS_FROM_DOB 0
or you can block them based on domain name using
dns_query_restriction deny spamhaus.org dns_query_restriction deny sorbs.net
Before reading this chapter, please familiarise yourself with the general performance guidelines.
SpamAssassin has several "deep scanning" and network lookup filters, that may take some time depending on the size, content, complexity and layout of a message. High volume systems need to cope with this fact, and for that reason we have developed a queuing and bypass system.
|512 KiB
|Max message size; NOT_SCANNED_TOO_BIG=0 is returned if exceeded
|30 s
|Max estimated queue wait time; NOT_SCANNED_QUEUE_TOO_LONG=0 is returned if exceeded
|Depends on RAM
|Max number of SpamAssassin processes
In order to provide a predicable throughput, we have implemented a queue in front of SpamAssassin, and messages are bypassed if the estimated wait time exceeds antispam_sa_waitlimit. However, in some cases SpamAssassin may still take a bit longer, that is due two possible reasons.
- The message is being processed by SpamAssassin which for some reason takes more time than expected. That could be reloading of rules or some other unforeseen events.
- The message has been put into the wait queue (somewhat commited to wait), but for some reason it takes way more time than expected. In that case, it waits up to three times the antispam_sa_waitlimit (* 3) before stepping out of the queue.
In some cases it might not be necessary to scan a message using SpamAssassin; for example if CYREN return "spam" or if the message is a legit DSN message.
Bypass large volumes of bounces to a specific user:
if ($sender == "" and rate("dsn-bypass", $recipient, 10, 300) == false) {
echo "DSN bypass";
Bypass messages from whitelisted servers:
function ScanSA() {
global $senderip;
global $senderdomain;
if (dnswl($senderip) or spamhauswl($senderip) or emailreg($senderdomain, $senderip)) return 0;
return builtin ScanSA();
function emailreg($senderdomain, $senderip) {
if ($senderip =~ ":") return false;
$reverseip = implode(".", array_reverse(explode(".", $senderip)));
$emailreg = dns("$senderdomain.$reverseip.resl.emailreg.org");
if (!count($emailreg)) return false;
echo "emailregwl: ".$emailreg;
if ($emailreg[0] =~ ''/127\.0\.\d\.0/'') return true;
return false;
function dnswl($senderip) {
$dnswl = dnsbl($senderip, "list.dnswl.org");
if (!count($dnswl)) return false;
$parts = explode(".", $dnswl[0]);
if ($parts[3] == "255") return false;
$cat = [ "2" => "financial", "3" => "serviceproviders", "4"=> "orgs", "5" => "ISP", "7" => "travel", "8" => "governments", "9" => "media", "10" => "special", "11" => "edu", "12" => "health", "13" => "industrial", "14" => "retail", "15" => "marketing" ];
echo "dnswl: ".$dnswl[0]." cat ".$cat[$parts[2]] ." score ".$parts[3];
if ($parts[3] == "3")
return true; // Only return true for "high" trust IP
return false;
function spamhauswl($senderip) {
$dnswl = dnsbl($senderip, "swl.spamhaus.org");
if (!count($dnswl)) return false;
$cat = [ "2" => "ind", "3" => "trans", "102" => "ind-temp", "103" => "trans-temp" ];
echo "spamhauswl: ".$dnswl[0]." cat ".$cat[explode(".", $dnswl[0])[3]];
return true;


text:
If you're interested in learning how to open your own coffee shop, and you've taken to searching the internet for answers, you've come to the right place! Likely, you have questions, concerns, and a few butterflies as you embark on this journey to being a coffee shop owner. When opening a coffee shop, you'll have […]Continue reading
The Porlex Mini grinder and the Aeropress are an absolutely winning combination for a variety of reasons. One of the biggest reasons is that they travel so well together. Anyone who plans to be out camping, on their boat at sea, or doing extensive traveling will appreciate the convenience of the Porlex Mini grinder and […]Continue reading
To brew a great cup of espresso coffee depends on several factors… Great tasting water Finely ground coffee Great tamping technique with a good quality portafilter The correct brew ratio (dose vs. yield) Now here comes the big one … temperature. The water temperature needs to be between 195-205 degrees fahrenheit. Most espresso machines that […]Continue reading
With coffee, the topic of health is always a hot debate. And a lot of coffee enthusiasts are particularly concerned, especially when it comes to the question "Is coffee fattening?" Let's start out by getting one thing straight… No! Coffee is NOT fattening. Yeah, that's right. We'll say it one more time. Pure coffee by […]Continue reading
I roll over and the smell of coffee waifs into my room and my mind wanders to my current shopping list with a certain excitement. Some of my… (Read More)Continue reading
I've been asked this question more and more often lately (people know that I'm a coffee addict slash expert slash crazy about anything coffee related) soooo… (READ MORE)Continue reading
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It's about 5 a.m. as I roll out of bed. It is still dark outside and it looks cold as hell. Shit! Why must I go to that TRX class at the gym at this hour every morning? It doesn't matter. I have to get my ass up and ready my body for a great workout. (READ MORE)Continue reading
This article offers a number of methods for how to descale your espresso machines, including natural solutions, powerful kits, and more options…(Read More)Continue reading
So you've decided to take the plunge and become a home barista. You've seen baristas at your local coffee shop making your espresso… (Read More)Continue reading


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Rana Dasgupta" <rdasg...@gmail.com>
|Re: [general] What platforms do we support?
|Mon, 02 Apr 2007 18:34:36 GMT
On 4/2/07, Tim Ellison <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > Nathan Beyer wrote: > > However, from looking back on this mailing list thread, I couldn't > > find any decision at the end of this or much of a consensus. I would > > like to pull this together, vote on it. document it (site, Wiki, etc), > > test it, etc. > > Agreed, let's try and get a consensus on what we will have in our M1 > build, and a date to shoot for it. > > I think we have a reasonable idea forming that it will be (taken from > your list): > > - IA32/x86 with a minimum of P3 (SSE, not SSE2) > - IA64/IPF (Intel 64-bit architecture) > - x86_64/AMD64/EMT64 (AMD architecture) > > - (Windows 2000 SP4?), Windows XP SP2, Windows 2003, > Windows 2003 R2, (Windows Vista?) > - Linux; kernel v2.4.x, v2.6.x > - (FreeBSD v???) > > I've put some in parentheses since we need to hear from people what work > is required to get them ready and stable. I also removed the priority > order since I think they are all equally important if we declare them > stable. > > An M1 date of April 30th would give us a stable build ready for > ApacheCon EU and JavaOne, which seems like a good goal. Working > backwards we would then focus on stability for whatever we have got from > April 23. > > I wonder if the Win2000 goal is possible in that timeframe? If not I > suggest we live with WinXP as a minimum requirement for M1. This sounds like a good idea. I also don't know if anyone is testing on Vista. If we want to target April 30, would it make sense to have a small set of platforms and focus on stability and reasonably good performance ...say x86-32 bit on XP SP2 and W2003 R2 ( where we are most stable, but still have threading issues ) and Linux kernel version 2.6( only if achievable )? We can always add platforms with future releases. > Do we know > what it takes to run on Vista/FreeBSD? Again I'm guessing non-trivial > work remaining and we should drop it from M1 if so. > > Regards, > Tim >
|View raw message


text:
- Info Request
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As one of the largest classic car dealerships in the world, we are always look for new inventory. If you are interested in trading your high quality car for one of ours, simply fill out this form and click Submit.
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Sorry, but this classic has been sold and is resting comfortably in the garage of a new owner
in our current inventory
1970 Ford Mustang Boss 302
- Stock #
- 134469
- Body Style
- Hardtop
- Engine
- Exterior Color
- Grabber Green
- Interior Color
- Black
- Miles
- 85433
Trade in a Vehicle
Why Buy From Us ?
See Also
these cars might interest you
See Comparable
recent sales
- National award winner
- Ford 302ci V8 (290hp)
- Marti report / Eminger invoice
- Toploader 4-speed manual
- 1 of 352 by color
- Ford 9-inch rear / 3.50 gears
If you've got $100k to spend on a Boss Mustang, you have a couple of options: You can go to your local Ford dealership and order up one of the modern recreations or you can stop by RK Motors Charlotte and take your pick of show-ready originals. Current options include a Medium Blue Boss featured on the cover of Car Craft, a documented Grabber Blue version, and the latest addition – this killer 1970 Boss 302 dressed in Grabber Green. It's a relatively rare car in an exclusive color, backed by the combination of a high-winding 302 and a 4-speed manual transmission. A Marti report and Eminger invoice support that it was born this way and accolades including an AACA Grand National Senior First Place and a MCA National First Place verify that the restoration is top notch in every way imaginable. If you're the kind of Ford fan that appreciates authenticity, this Boss 302 a great choice!
We'll get start by decoding the data plate:
Serial Number: 0F02G120399
• 0 – 1970 model year
• F – Assembled in Dearborn, MI
• 02 – Mustang Sportsroof
• G – Boss 302ci 4V V8
• 120399 – 20,399th Ford schedule for production at Dearborn
• 11/69 – Built during November of 1969
• 63A – Mustang Sportsroof
• Z – Grabber Green paint
• BA – Black Rhino/Corinthian Vinyl Bucket Seats
• A – 3.50 standard axle ratio
• 5 – 4-speed wide-ratio manual transmission
• 33 – Detroit ordering district
This one left the assembly line with the following options:
• Rear deck spoiler
• F60x15 Wide Oval white letter tires
• Sport slats
• AM radio
Total options: $146.00
Grand total: $3,961.40 (including $95.40 in transportation charges)
By today's money, that's somewhere around $24k – not bad for this kind of performance and prestige. The folks at Bill Moore Ford in Carleton, MI took delivery of this pony express, beginning its publicly traded life. To expand on the rarity factory, ANY genuine Boss 302 is a rare piece but color can certainly shrink those numbers. Ford turned out 7,014 of these cars during the model year and, of them, only 352 left the line sporting Grabber Green. Looking at this car, it's a wonder that number wasn't higher. The refreshed paintwork shows as new all around, highlighting crisp body lines and tight panel gaps that only come from the hands of a skilled body man. The paint is accented by those classic black Boss stripes that start down the hood, dip across the fenders, and travel to the rear of the car, forming one of the most revered looks of the era.
Ford definitely sweated details for the 1970 Boss, toning back some of its visuals in an effort to attract more buyers without lessening it's potency at SCCA events. At the leading edge of this super slick Boss, a correct, Ford-branded grille hangs bright halogen headlights between familiar 'fender fins', a pristine chrome bumper, crystal clear parking lamps and an aggressive chin spoiler. At the top of that grille, a sculpted hood leads the eye to like-new glass that's framed by spotless stainless wipers, correct sport mirrors, polished trim, and optional sport slats. At the sides of that glass, re-fashioned fenders combine with chrome-trimmed marker lights and traditional Ford door handles to provide an aggressive, yet finished appearance. At the back of the car, a correct black valence anchors an ornate fuel filler and segmented tail lights between a large decklid spoiler, a fresh "MUSTANG" script, a second pristine bumper and wide-set reverse lamps.
Of course, the centerpiece is the original 302ci V8 planted in the subframe. Built to factory specifications, this 302 sports a correct D0ZE-6015-B casting number and a 9K29 (November 9, 1969) casting date, and a barely visible but matching partial VIN to verify its authenticity. The mill utilizes a heavy duty block design, original, large port, large valve, free flowing Cleveland heads, a race prepped crank, a solid lifter cam, heavy duty connecting rods, forged pistons and an aluminum intake to create 290 SCCA winning horsepower. At the top of the motor, a correct Holley 4-barrel rides between finned aluminum valve covers. In front of that carburetor, a correct Autolite coil sparks the distributor, which sends power through correct Autolite Radio Resistance plug wires. At the sides of the motor, restored cast iron manifolds send spent gases into a true dual exhaust system and, in front of the motor, a tagged radiator sends water through correct hoses and reproduction clamps. As you can probably tell, the block has been properly coated in Ford Blue paint and, from its Autolite Sta-Ful battery and correct Autolite ignition module to its correct and hard to find Autolite electronic RPM limiter and reproduction paper hang tags, comes 100% complete with correct ancillary markings and components.
Naturally, the bottom of this clean Boss 302 has been restored to the same high standards as its exterior and engine compartment. Behind the motor, a Toploader 4-speed wears a RUG-BJ1 tag, showing it to be 1972-spec equipment. While it may not be the original piece, it did make its first appearance in a Boss car certainly feels at home behind the 302. From there, power flows to a tagged Ford 9-inch rear with 3.50 gears. The car's double A-arm front and solid axle rear suspension have been rebuilt with correctly marked OEM-grade equipment which includes correct, modified front shock towers, staggered rear shocks, correct heavy duty sway bars and new stainless hardware. Braking is handled by correct 11-inch power front discs and power rear drums which receive fluid through new stainless lines while turning remains a manual effort. At the center of the car, red oxide floor pans which wear a proper amount of green overspray ride above a fresh dual exhaust system that's complete with an H-pipe crossover and factory replacement mufflers. Finally, a set of 15-inch chrome Magnum 500 wheels wrapped in new F60-15 Firestone Wide Oval tires fill in the wheel wells.
Inside the car, a stylish black vinyl interior combines original pieces with restoration pieces to provide a comfortable, well-designed driving environment. Front row seating is provided by a pair of vinyl-wrapped bucket seats that look great and offer plenty of support. The instrument bezel is loaded with original gauges and features clean black surfaces that remain as vivid and bright as the day the car rolled out of its Michigan showroom. A correct Philco AM radio sits in front of the cars chrome Hurst shifter which is topped by a solid Hurst T-handle. Like-new carpet covers the floor, a tight headliner stretches across the roof, clean door panels occupy the doors, and even the seat belts have been restored to great condition for a fresh and show worthy appearance. Behind the interior, a completely restored trunk includes a correct trunk mat, a correct Space Saver spare tire and correct trunk lid decals. During the late 60s, Ford definitely had some of the best interior designers in the business, and first-rate Mustang interiors like the one in this 1970 Boss are testament to both the cars staying power and its appeal.
As mentioned, the sale includes both a Marti report and Eminger invoice. Other documents include 1970 warranty information, an original owner's manual, and restoration receipts. The car has also made its rounds in the show scene. MCA judging sheets are part of the sale but the full list of awards includes:
• AACA National First Place (2000 / 2002)
• AACA Senior National First Place (2007)
• AACA Grand National Senior First Place (2010)
• MCA National First Place (2010)
The Boss cars are true muscle car icons, easily recognizable to even novices. This one wraps celebrated hardware like the 302ci V8, 4-speed transmission, and a Ford 9-inch in laser straight sheet metal topped in attention-stealing Grabber Green. Best of all, this isn't some fantasy tribute car – it's the real deal backed by all the right paperwork and car show victories. If you're looking to add a proper pony car to your stable, don't miss the chance to bring this '70 Boss 302 home today!
- Year
- 1970
- Make
- Ford
- Secondary Make
- n/a
- Model Name
- Mustang
- Secondary Model
- Boss 302
- Vehicle Type
- Passenger Car
- Hobby Segment
- Muscle Car
- Mileage
- 85433
Engine / Transmission
- Engine Type
- Gasoline
- Engine Size
- Engine Number
- Heads
- Stock
- Fuel Specification
- n/a
- Fuel Delivery System Type
- Single 4 Barrel
- Transmission Type
- 4 Speed Manual
- Transmission Spec
- Toploader
- Transmission Number
- n/a
- Entertainment System Type
- AM Radio
- Battery Location
- n/a
- Battery Shut Off
- n/a
- Battery Charger
- n/a
- Power Steering
- No
- Air Conditioning
- No
- Interior Color
- Black
- Seating Type
- Bucket
- Seat Material
- Vinyl
- Shifter Type
- Floor
- Center Console
- Yes
- Body Style
- Hardtop
- Doors
- 2
- Safe Body Color
- Grabber Green
- Paint Type
- n/a
- Stripes
- Yes
- Front Suspension Type
- Coil Spring
- Rear Suspension Type
- Leaf Spring
- Axle Specification
- Ford 9"
- Front Wheel Specification
- 15"
- Rear Wheel Specification
- 15"
- Front Tire Specification
- Rear Tire Specification
- Front Brakes Specification
- Power Disc
- Rear Brakes Specification
- Power Drum
- Spare
- n/a
- Exhaust Type
- Dual Exhaust
- Muffler Type
- Factory Replacement
- Restoration Status
- Restored
- Mileage Since Restoration
- n/a
- Awards Summary
2000, 2002 ACA National First Place. 2007 ACA Senior National First Place. 2010 AACA Grand National Senior First Place. 2010 MCA National First Place.
- Historical Documents Summary
- Marti Auto Works Report. Eminger documents. Original warranty book & warranty card. Receipts. Awards. Judging sheet.
Contact Us Regarding this Vehicle
Call Us
- 704.445.9105
- 704.596.5980


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How do you keep baby warm while running errands if they can't wear a coat in their carseat?
luckily my daughter is still small enough to carry around in the car seat with a cover, but that won't last for long. I know they can wear a light jacket in their car seat but when it's -30 degrees with windchill (Minnesota winters) a light coat won't cut it. Do you put their big coat on in the parking lot and ther run into the store? Then take it off again when you get back in the car?
I can't imagine doing that multiple times if your going several places. Juggling bags, car seat straps, and her coat in freezing temperatures doesn't seem like a great idea either. My fingers would freeze!
How do you do it?
Comment deleted
I agree about avoiding going out when it's that could but temps have been -10 to -30 with windchill for about three weeks now. With Xmas shopping I can't avoid having to leave the house. I can't wait until she's old enough to know the drill and help out. Hopefully she can stay in her car seat until spring time and it won't be so hard next winter when she's a year and a half :)
Comment deleted
that's cute! We have a snuggly cover for her car seat right now. I'm more worried about when she to big to lug around in a car seat at the store
kind of a goofy product in my opinion...(saw this on TV, on a talk show) ... but one option
Moms also like
About Taylor
Current: Chanhassen, Minnesota
Birth: July 26
On Moms.com since: Dec 18, 2013
I'm the proud mama of my daughter Avery, born on June 6, 2013. I'm 26 years old, I work from home as a graphic designer, I will be testing for my 5th degree black belt in Tae Kwon Do in 2015. My husband, Derek, and I have been happily married for 3 years.


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Here at King Handyman, customer satisfaction is our main concern. We guarantee that our services are done professionally keeping the homeowner's vision in mind. If you are planning to do home repairs or a major home improvement project, you can reach us through the following:
Phone Numbers: 888.618.5464 or 973.932.5057
Social Media: Facebook, Twitter, Google+
You can also fill out the contact form and one of our customer service representatives will be ready to help.


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Feeling good about my game but can do better, says Vijender Singh
The 27-year-old, who was India's first medallist in the World Championships -- a bronze in 2009, took to the ring in a packed hall against rising boxer Sukhdeep Singh, who fought him without a headguard.
"There was a little bit of pressure but I am relaxed now", said star boxer Vijender Singh as he dug from his wealth of experience to present a strong case for selection in the trials for the World Championships to be held from October 11 to 27.
The 27-year-old, who was India's first medallist in the World Championships -- a bronze in 2009, took to the ring in a packed hall against rising boxer Sukhdeep Singh, who fought him without a headguard.
"There was a little bit of pressure, it is just that I am good at hiding it. But I kept getting better with every round and ultimately, I am feeling good about my game," the former world number one in middleweight said in a chat after the bout.
"I am happy with my performance in the trials but I can always do better. But for the time being, I am just relaxed that I did well in my comeback," added the boxer, who went through quite a bit of turmoil earlier this year after getting implicated in a drug scandal, in which he was later cleared.
Asked if he felt any more tested than the usual, the Haryana-lad said it was bound to happen after the break.
"I had stayed away for sometime, so obviously it would show slightly but overall I was satisfied with the performance. It is actually good to see that I have challengers and that too strong challengers," he said.
"It would be my fourth World Championship (to be held in Almaty, Kazakhstan) in a row, provided I am selected, which I should be," he added with a wink.
Blessed with a son recently, Vijender said he was enjoying fatherhood.
"I have named him Abir, a name that I personally like very much and also it starts with the initials of my wife, Archana," he laughed. Also in the trials today, Sukhdeep was the only boxer to take the ring without a headguard, a safety gear which will not be used in the World Championships as per the new International Boxing Association (AIBA) rules.
Asian Championships silver-medallist L Devendro Singh, meanwhile, was forced out of the trials after suffering a cut above his eyes. However, given his good form, the 20-year-old's case would be considered by the selectors.
"We all know he is a world-class boxer and we would certainly consider his case during the selection meeting," said national coach Gurbax Singh Sandhu.
The team is likely to be announced in the next couple of days.


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What a jewel! No place, I repeat no place in the world is like the ranch and we've been a place or two over the last 50 years. Dave & Linda, your hospitality is the best. Our family reunions at the ranch are the highlight of the year for each of us. We will keep coming back as long as the good Lord allows, and that includes our children and their children. We could ask for no more. We come home with a glow that just doesn't wear off. Can't wait to see you next time. In the meantime you know that you remain our honorary brother and sister.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Juniper Well Ranch & Vineyards is located minutes from Prescott, Az at The base of majestic Granite Mountain. Surrounded by breath-taking, Prescott National Forest, this private guest ranch with winery is the perfect spot to relax & unwind. Enjoy one of four very private cabins with views from the porches where you may also choose to have a massage or enjoy a bottle of wine made on the ranch. Hike, feed the animals,play horseshoes or bocce, learn about wine making or just read a book. The owners father was prolific western author Frank Bonham. His books are in all the cabins as well as others for your enjoyment ... more less


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Wild by NatureExpress your instinct for style with exotic patterns and seductive curves. Cross Sauvage pairs exotic engraving with organic curves that fit your hand like a glove. Fashioned like artisan jewelry, in glossy enamel and trendy animal patterns, Cross Sauvage helps you show the world your stylish nature. Hand-polished jewel-tone lacquer bodyChrome-plated appointmentsComes with a velvet drawstring pen pouchLifetime mechanical guaranteePremium Cross gift boxAbout the Finish:Luxuriously layers hand-polished brown tourmaline lacquer over giraffe-engraved chrome for jewel-like brillianceChrome-plated appointmentsAbout the Tip:Rhodium-plated solid 18-karat white gold nibTwist-off capSpecially formulated ink flows flawlessly and dries quicklyIncludes 2 Black Cross Fountain Pen ink cartridges (#8921) and 1 Brown Cross Fountain Pen ink cartridge (#8926S) that are as neat and easy-to-use as a ballpoint or a rollerball refillOptional converter available (#8756) to fill pen from bottled ink
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DUI and DWI Questions & Advice
DUI and DWI Questions & Advice Topics
Aggravated DUI
DUI Accidents
DUI Basics
- Can I use an ignition interlock to get my drivers license back after a second DUI?
- Can you got to jail for a first DUI?
- I got arrested for a DUI and released. What will happen now?
- Is getting a dui dismissed for improper BAC possible?
- Is there a legal BAC for under 21?
- What costs are involved in a first DUI case?
DUI Defendants Rights
- Can I get a conditional license if I refuse a breathalyzer?
- How do I beat a DUI charge using an invalid stop argument?
- How do I win when pleading not guilty to dui?
- I have a dui and want to plead not guilty. Should I use a lawyer?
- Is there a dui for sitting in a parked car and no keys in the ignition?
- Will my insurance increase after a DUI arrest?
DUI Defense
- Get a DUI lawyer even if I have a weak case?
- If my BAC was low can I beat a first DUI charge?
- Is it best to just plea bargain a first DUI offense?
- Should I fight a DUI if my BAC was 0.08?
- What reasonable doubt can be raised in a DUI case to get the charges dropped?
- When should you plead not guilty to a DUI charge?
DUI Laws and Penalties
- Another DUI right after my first conviction?
- Can I get out of jail for a second DUI conviction?
- How long will I have to go to DUI classes if convicted in California?
- What happens if you get another DUI while on probation for your first DUI?
- Will I have to install an IID for a second DUI conviction?
- Willa first offense DUI stay on my criminal record if convicted?
DUI Laws by State
- Can I go to jail long term for a third dui in Indiana?
- Do different DUI laws apply in California for a commercial vehicle?
- Does a California DUI impact your employment options?
- How can I get my DUI case dismissed in Ohio?
- How does a wet reckless differ from a DUI in California?
- What is the California statute of limitations for a DUI?
DUI and the DMV
- Can I appeal the suspension of my license for a DUI in the state of Ohio?
- Can I get a restricted drivers license to go to work after a DUI in West Virginia?
- Can I lose my drivers license even if I'm acquitted of DUI?
- I was acquitted of a DUI in West Virginia. Will I get my license back?
- My license was taken away for a DUI in Louisiana. How do I contest the suspension?
- What can I expect at a DMV license hearing in New Mexico?
Elements of a DUI Case
- How many first DUI cases result in a conviction?
- I'm a first time dui offender. What should I expect for judgment?
- What evidence will be used in my DUI case?
- What happens at the first DUI court date?
- What is the criminal process for a first DUI charge?
- Will I lose my driving privileges for out of state DUI?


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Cesare Prandelli's already-qualified side put in a disappointing showing against Denmark on Friday but will be hoping to make amends in Naples, with the visitors chasing second
Vardan Minasyan's side are fifth in the pool but trail second-placed Bulgaria by just one point, meaning that they could still finish immediately behind Cesare Prandelli's men.
The scenario is unlikely as it would require Bulgaria and the Czech Republic to draw - with Denmark also failing to beat bottom-placed Malta - while they win in Naples to secure one of the eight best runners-up spots.
Armenia have been inconsistent throughout their qualifying campaign, winning four but losing five of their nine fixtures, but a 2-1 home victory over Bulgaria on Friday ensured that hey kept their hopes of reaching Brazil alive.
Spartak Moscow forward Yura Movsisyan is set to lead the line for Armenia. The 26-year-old has three goals in qualifying so far and will look to provide the attacking threat in Tuesday's fixture, while Borussia Dortmund playmaker Henrikh Mkhitaryan is also likely to start.
Italy, who won World Cup 2006, have enjoyed a comfortable campaign in Group B, winning six and drawing three of their nine games to secure automatic qualification.
AC Milan striker Mario Balotelli - who missed the 2-2 draw with Denmark on Friday - has remained with the squad despite suffering from gastroenteritis. Meanwhile, Southampton forward Daniel Osvaldo is likely to once again start up front and will look to add to the goal that he scored against Morten Olsen's outfit.
Italy are looking for a second qualification win over Armenia after triumphing 3-1 in the away encounter in October 2012. Goals from Andrea Pirlo, Daniele De Rossi and Osvaldo were enough for them to claim maximum points in Yerevan.


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Home > Product Categories > Pro-Audio > Audio Monitoring > Headphones > SACH700
Item #: SAM-CH700 MFG #: SACH700
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The Samson CH700 headphones are ideal for any listening and monitor application where critical sound reproduction is needed. The closed-ear design provides maximum isolation reducing unwanted bleed that can be picked up on live microphones. The CH700 employs exceptional 40mm drivers with ultra thin Mylar diaphragms and high-output neodymium magnets. The result is a wide dynamic range and linear frequency response from 20Hz to 22kHz for exceptional reproduction and a balanced sound making them a perfect choice for monitoring digital audio. The large earpiece further extends the low frequency response and the adjustable headband and lightweight design provide comfort and easy listening through the longest sessions.
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Hyperthyroidism and Pregnancy
Medical Editor: William C. Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR
At first when I started to write on this topic, I thought of my rotation through Obstetrics as a medical student. I particularly remember one patient during my first week who had Graves' disease and presented to the hospital in her 6th month of pregnancy with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). The attending doctor's face was stern and serious as he went around the table and asked us why we should be concerned. This article will discuss hyperthyroidism in pregnancy and its effects on both the mother and child.
During pregnancy, the hormone HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is produced. HCG is the hormone that "pregnancy tests" detect. HCG increases to a peak at around 12 weeks. It has mild thyroid stimulating effects and, as a result, can cause some symptoms of hyperthyroidism. HCG is in part responsible for the nausea during the first trimester. In situations of multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets) HCG levels are even higher, and symptoms can be more pronounced. Temporary subclinical (no apparent symptoms) hyperthyroidism occurs in 10-20% of normal pregnant women during this period, and these women typically do not require treatment.


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by Acuvibe
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by Acuvibe
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Sorry, Sold Out
Order over the phone: Call 1-800-918-6308 Product #: ACUHT1260002
Whenever you need a quick, effective and precise massage, turn to the Human Touch Acuvibe handheld massager!
Its compact and lightweight, only 1.1 pounds.
Unlike many other massagers, the HT-1260 Acuvibe focuses a hundred percent of its oscillation energy in the massage head, not in your hand.
The HT-1260 Personal Massagers powerful two-speed motor is whisper quiet.
You can choose from 4300 or 5700 vibrations per minute.
The Human Touch Acuvibe has a great internal battery and runs up to 45 minutes on a single charge, over twice as long as other cordless massagers.
Making it perfect for the car, office and carry-on bag. Just flick it on, put it over your sore, tight muscles and soon stress, stiffness and soreness disappear!
The HT-1260 Acuvibe personal handheld massager features a soft flex-node massage head, a battery charge indicator and an ergonomic design.
Nothing relaxes like the pinpoint massage going right to the pressure points on your body.
The patented oscillation massage goes right to where your muscles are tense to provide fast, effective, and accurate relief.
Flexible, power-spring mounted massage head gives a comfortable and powerful oscillation massage.
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I was looking for a massager that would hold the charge longer and still give the deeper muscles a good workout. My husband has a knot that the masseuse has been working on for a while and this hand held packs a powerful punch to help with the loosening of the muscles in-between sessions with her. It has two settings so in areas like my neck, it can be softer and in areas like the hip (and side of thigh) where the muscles are bigger and deeper, it really works great!
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This item either works cordless or with cord. Charging takes about 8 hrs and a charge lasts about 45 minutes. Having said that: this thingh is powerful. It vibrates as (or maybe even more) powerful than the HMW massager without the loud buzz in your ears. It is about the same size but the head is a little smaller and softer on the skin. Ofcourse the cordless feature is a big BIG plus!! Buy this next to your HMW for a deep powerful massage without cord or noise hassles. Worth every penny.
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Hey gang. Had a lousy globex, but the day aint over yet! Take note of the fact that closing ticks yesterday wrer plus 786! Not over the magic 800, of course, but close enough to make me feel better of my long expected low today or tomorrow, before the run up into and maybe just beyond the election. Time will tell!
OBVIUOS THE TRIANGLE BREAK IS TO THE UPSIDE ,but im still looking to sell higher
selling 949.50
wow, they let me in! thats usually not a good sign! ..short one at 949.50, 4 point stop.. up 8.0 for the day
see what i mean!
ALL ican say is ...WOW ill still exit 9444 area tho
naw covering here
out at 946.50...plus 3 on that one ...up 11 now .. pretty good for a lousy trade! i feel very lucky !
damm nice trade
53 and ur stop was 53.5
53 and ur stop was 53.5
ill sell 948.00
Iknow , Akola! im so 'off' today but up 11! I guess i must be living right!
went thru 961 like butter....970-976??
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JKL Photography Photographer
Kyla YorkModel Female Hot Springs, Arkansas, US
My Website: FacebookMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/peacelovenhappyiness
Mayhem # 1384278
About MeI am one hot biker chick who is wanting to start modeling! I am very excited and ready to show off what I got. I love to have fun and look good. I am hoping this site will boost up my new career path! My goal is to be a model for clothing lines/ biker wear/ and anything else (but full nudes).
Also I have more pictures coming soon! I am up for any type of shot and I am looking to do TF, TFCD, or paid work. Let me know if you would like to set up a shoot with me!
Have you worked with Kyla York? Add Credits for Kyla York! >>
Credit NotesMatt Brown Photography (no mm)
Emily Parker MUA (mm approving)
Jeff Creel #1294994
Tommy Mumert #68835
That Max guy
Vanessa Sampson
Neo Victorian Fashion Show
Kevin-Headturners calender and clothing designer
JKL Photography Photographer
Victoria McBeth Clothing Designer
Dave Scott Photography Photographer
Notorious Pinups Photographer
CJ Photography - LR Photographer
Heather Wright Photographer
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More sector information will be added to this area of our site soon.
Home: Our Expertise › Managing Risk › Compliance
Product compliance. Property regulations. Energy efficiency targets. Permitting requirements. The list of demands on organisations across the world can be quite overwhelming. Greater still if your business operates in many different locations.
At WSP we can't promise to make it all go away. In fact most legislation is highly important to shaping a sustainable future. But we can help you interpret the impacts on your business. We can help you prepare, respond, adopt 'best practice' and even gain competitive edge.
The strength of our global team is that we can comment with knowledge about regulations that apply internationally, regionally and nationally. Our experience enables us to deliver a balance between business sustainability, best practice and meeting minimum legislative standards.
In this section of our website you can find out how we help clients respond to:
- Product legislation – we're advising clients in their response to REACH, WEEE and other EU driven legislation. We're helping clients with product stewardship; we have an online tool that assesses life-cycle impacts and aids eco-design of electronic products; and we'll assist clients with supply chain management programmes.
- Property compliance – the energy efficiency and overall sustainability of property is increasingly under the microscope around the world. We advise on all major regulations which have a particular impact on asset value.
- Permitting applications – for a wide range of industrial sector clients we assist with permit applications and liaise with regulators. We'll complete surveys and deliver ongoing monitoring and reporting.
We have an excellent track record working with operators, regulators and industry bodies. This gives us a depth of knowledge and understanding that enables us to offer very intuitive advice to our clients as we identify their legal obligations and audit compliance against these obligations.
We have also developed a number of online tracking tools that enable clients to register for instant information on existing and emerging legislation.
> Use our directory to find what you're looking for
REACH is said to be the most complicated piece of legislation to come out of Europe and will affect European organisations using any chemicals anywhere in their operations, and organisations importing into Europe. Find out more
Legislation for Electronics
Find out more on our online regulatory tracker for the electronics sector, EIA Track. Play


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Question to second time mommies out there
did you deliver on your due date or sooner than you were expecting your baby to arrive???
I was expecting to have Sofia way after I did. My due date was aug 20th and she came aug 6th. But I knew my whole pregnancy that my due date was two weeks off. So when I was "38" weeks pregnant I went into labor and they told me that she was measuring up to 36 weeks. The recalculated my due date to be September 5th. But my baby girl came into the world on august 6th 2014. She was perfectly healthy ( jaundice tho) and is even more healthy!!!!!!!!!! I thank God everyday
I know I am having another c-section so I know the new baby will be born at least a week before it's due date.
With my sisters (I've only had one biologically), there second children came earlier. I know a few of their's came first because two of them had preemies for their firsts.
My 1st child came 1 week after her due date, I am now on my second so don't know yet when this baby will make an appearance.
my first one was a week a late my second one i got induced on the date but whats really cool there born on the same day the 19th..
I was expecting Wilber on March 16,2013 and he arrived Feb. 21.. and my 3rd Gianluca was supposed to arrived Nov.30 2014 and he arrived nov.13
My first child was born 4 days after her due date but my family has a history of early delivery . Idk how this one will turn out .
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About Paris
Current: Mcallen, Texas
Birth: March 19
On Moms.com since: May 24, 2014
I'm a first time mom of one sweet baby boy its been quite the journey of a lifetime everything changes when you have a baby and i wouldn't change it


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Dream. Dare. Do – that is Suyati's work principle in a nutshell.
The fact that companies like IBM, Daimler and Bosch are operating facilities in India since several years, reveal that their investments (and calculated risk) have proven to be good. But is it also advisable for small and medium-sized enterprises to immediately set up an operational base in India? The inevitable answer: It depends! The success of investing in an Indian location mainly depends on the individual or business requirements as well as the selected approach.
In general, foreign companies have two options to take action in the Indian market: in the form of an enterprise in India or a company without legal entity, such as a Representative Office. However, companies w. l. e. are not allowed to do business and therefore are only useful for fulfilling representative tasks. So the only possibility for companies who intend to produce or do business is to set up an enterprise based in India.
A question of time and money
To give an example: The investment cost for setting up an IT company in India, with 50 employees and the necessary equipment, can be quantified with 700,000 €. Furthermore, the expenditure of time is around 8-9 months. That's how long it takes until the company is founded, suitable employees hired, their working places set up as well as getting all necessary licenses. . Finally, even the administrative efforts related to founding and operating a company under Indian law should not be underestimated. This applies to issues of corporate and taxation law as well as operational management.
Because it is hard to predict whether this investment of time and money as well as the administrative efforts are worthwhile, most small and medium-sized companies are afraid of investing in an enterprise in India. But there are two possible alternatives for companies which find setting up their own operation in India too difficult or risky: A joint venture (JV) or a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT).
Nothing ventured, nothing gained!
In a Joint Venture, a legally independent enterprise in India is founded jointly with another company. This means that not only the necessary investments, but also the risk is divided amount two shoulders. A Build-Operate-Transfer means that a company is assigned to set up a location and operate it for a contracted period of time. Thus, the German company can focus on its core business while knowing the project "Operation in India" in capable hands.
For both alternatives, partnering with an Indian company holds a distinct advantage: Existing know-how and experience in the setting up and operating a company in India. However, to avoid unpleasant surprises, the Indian partner should be selected carefully. Ideally, he must have proven his reliability and trustworthiness before (e.g. by accomplishing IT projects as outsourcing partner).
With a strong partner at their side, the long and rocky road to a new location in India becomes a calculable risk and a worthwhile investment, especially for small and medium-sized companies.
About The Author:
Jennifer is Suyati's Key Accounts Manager. When not 'dealing with' our prospective clients, she is exploring the Indian lifestyle (as well as trying to successfully acquire the "no problem" philosophy). She loves traveling and trying new things – especially when it comes to food (thereby she willingly accepts the daily hiccup caused by far to spicy food – much to the joy of her fellow colleagues…).


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SLFX has coordinated thousands of festivals big and small. From large music festivals to art festivals as well as beer/ wine & food festivals we have everything to make it a success!
Rider ready! We have the expertise to produce local and national acts from Kanye West, Dwight Yoakam & Eric Church to name a few.
Weddings, Receptions, Holiday Parties, Corporate Meetings, Corporate Parties, Mitzvahs & Parties of all sorts! .
Is a Full In-House Production Company. Specializing in Sound, Lighting, Video, Staging & Power


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Dakin Dairy Farms
Myakka City, FL 34251
About Dakin Dairy Farms
Our family has been milking cows in Manatee County, Florida since 1973. Cameron, Farren and Jerry Dakin own the three remaining dairy farms in the County, and are amongst the fewer than 150 dairies remaining in Florida.
The Dak...
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How to Get a Good Boyfriend?
Have you ever wanted a good boyfriend? Somebody that will love, protect and stand by you? Here's how to get that
How to Be a Good Boyfriend?
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How to Be a Good Boyfriend As a Teen?
It's hard enough learning how to be a good boyfriend, but when you're a teen it's even more difficult because your hormones are raging and you don't have much practice.
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Buying a gift for a boyfriend can be a difficult task. Music or clothing is often a "go-to" gift that fits the bill, but to show you know his likes and dislikes you have to be a bit more creative. ...
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How to Be a Good Teenage Boyfriend?
An editor has suggested that this article be merged with:"How to Be a Good Boyfriend As a Teen" Per the merge policy, if these topics are determined to be similar but distinct, then the articles wi...
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