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|Message view
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|"John Sidney-Woollett" <joh...@wardbrook.com>
|Re: Virtual Hosting Revisited - Apache serving static pages..???
|Thu, 15 Apr 2004 07:11:03 GMT
John B. Moore said: > Thanks for responding.. And yes, I keep hearing that one can do this.... > > ... But...<G> I'm slow I guess, because that still does not give me > a hint as to "HOW" that is to be configured.. Do you have some virtual > host directives that do this that I can use as examples.. > > Maybe my problem is that I am thinking I could have the static > pages located under Apache/htdocs and the jsp pages under > Tomcat/webapps.. I can't find and example that combines the standard > Apache virtual host directives with what is needed to also direct the > jsp to Tomcat.. I can easily to each separately, but have yet to find a > way to do "both" Here you go... # External IP Address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx <VirtualHost 192.168.1.111:80> ServerName test.mydomain.com ServerAdmin firstname.lastname@example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/test.mydomain.com ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/test.mydomain.com/error_log CustomLog /var/log/httpd/test.mydomain.com/access_log combined JkMount /someurl/MySpecialServlet worker1 JkMount /admin/* worker1 JkMount /manager/* worker1 JkMount /*.jsp worker1 </VirtualHost> Create as many JKMount entries as you need to map all your servlets and JSPs. Whatever doesn't match any of the JkMount entries will be handled by Apache from the document root (/var/www/test.mydomain.com in this example). You can even route the different servlet/jsp requests to different tomcat workers (if that is needed or works for you). Hope that helps. John Sidney-Woollett --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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The Backyard Preschool is For Children Ages: Birth - Kindergarten
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Our goal is to partner with families in laying out the foundation of Biblical truth during the most formative years of a child's life. Through active and hands-on activities the Word of God makes an eternal impact on their lives.
As parents, your role of involvement is of great importance to our Backyard Ministry Team. You are such a valuable resource to us and our children. We ask that you pray and consider how you might give back to the Lord and to others who enable you to worship.
Our Special Blessings Ministry is a ministry for families who are growing through birth or adoption. We would love to be of support to your family during this special time. Contact Kelly Jackson for more information.
Belle Aire Weekday Preschool is a learning preschool for children 6 months-5 years old. BAP meets Tuesdays and Thursday from 9:00am-1:30pm from September-May. (9:00am-2:00pm beginning in Fall of 2017) Our highly qualified and loving teachers are excited to meet your children!
BAP students spend valuable learning time daily in Music, Creative Movement, and Bible classes, in addition to circle time, learning centers, and art time.
> MORE ABOUT Belle Aire Preschool

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|The Fortunes Smile
|Written By:
|Brian Yoon
|Edited By:
|Fred Wan
|4th April 2008
|Story Year:
The Fortunes Smile By Brian Yoon
Edited by Fred Wan
"Perhaps we should concede defeat and move on to the rest of the tournament," the Monkey bushi said. He turned to his partner and gave him a wry smile. Shinjo Ichiro looked up at his newfound friend with a smile on his face. Toku Kenichi, as he was already calling himself, was an energetic, outgoing young man who never stopped talking. Though Ichiro had known him for only a few days, he knew better than to take everything Kenichi said at face value.
"Why do you say that, my friend?" Ichiro asked.
Kenichi gestured to the distance. "We are woefully outmatched in this contest. The other party is formed by a Hiruma and a Kitsune. I hear the Kitsune are born in the forest and raised to hunt for their food as soon as they can walk on two feet. The Hiruma, on the other hand, treat the toughest environment in the world the same as a walk through a garden. There is no shame in admitting defeat in face of such an obvious difference in skill."
Kenichi looked at his companions surrounding him and shook his head in exaggerated disgust. "You and I, on the other hand, do not compare well. Your family's scouts are widely known, I admit, but you are not from that branch of the military."
"No," Ichiro replied. "I requested that I be placed in the tactical school rather than the one for scouts. I admit I am more at ease in the library than on the field."
"And I," Kenichi said, "have stepped into a forest only a handful of times in my life. I prefer the city life, with all the beauties of civilization. I do not excel in any field, if truth be told. I suspect I will leave this championship in the middle of the pack, unknown and unsung."
"If you are so convinced in your mediocrity, what does it matter how we fare in this test?"
"I may not have any chance of winning the Topaz Championship, Ichiro, but everyone knows that you are one of the front runners for this race. I would be an ungrateful partner if I did not try my best to help you along. It worries me."
"We shall see," Ichiro replied. He stretched his legs and stood up. "After all, Hiruma Tensin is still the favorite by a large margin. I cannot say that I hold any expectations for the outcome of the tournament."
"Really?" Kenichi asked. "Your clansmen hold no expectations for the outcome of the tournament? More Unicorn have won the Topaz in recent years than any other clan. They must expect you to keep up the tradition."
"Right now, there are much more pressing matters that hold their attention," Ichiro responded quietly.
"I suppose you are right." Kenichi stretched his arms and gestured to the field. "Enough talk. Shall we go?"
The pair headed out toward the fields surrounding Tsuma with enthusiasm. Ichiro took point and kept his eyes out for his prey. They moved silently through the forest until they reached the stream. The judges had told the pair to locate a nest of the elusive Tsu fish. He did not know if they truly existed but kept his eyes open for the signs of a nest. Finally, he found a small trail of markings that seemed to match the descriptions.
Ichiro turned to Kenichi to point out the correct path and paused. Kenichi was staring off to the east with a frown on his face.
"What is it, Kenichi-san?" Ichiro whispered.
Kenichi turned to Ichiro, but the need for any response disappeared. A loud shout pierced the silence of the forest from the same direction. The pair looked at each other, realization dawning on their faces.
"That sounded like—" Ichiro said.
"Tensin-san," Kenichi finished.
Kenichi and Ichiro broke out into a run toward the sound at full speed. They threw caution to the wind and trampled through the forest. At their fastest, it took them nearly five minutes before they reached their destination. They slowed to a walk as they came to the scene of a massacre.
It had been an ambush. Kitsune Kazue's body lay on the ground, blood seeping into a small mound of dirt where her head rested. A casual search of the area revealed a bloody rock on the other side of the tree as testament to the deed. Tensin was nowhere to be found. Still, the Crab had not gone quietly. Three of the ambushers did not survive the attack, killed by expert strikes to the neck and chest. The Hiruma's katana lay abandoned on the floor, bloody to the hilt with the blood of his enemies. Frowning mournfully, Kenichi leaned down and picked up the sword.
"She did not even have a chance to draw her sword," Kenichi remarked. "Whoever they were, they had the element of surprise. No easy task against this pair. Poor Kazue."
"We are fortunate we were permitted to carry these blades on the hunt," the Unicorn mused. There had apparently been an incident during the hunt some years previous, and the Crane did not wish their guests to be unprotected in the woods. "Why would they take Tensin, if they only wanted to kill the group?" Ichiro wondered out loud. "Who would try to disrupt the Topaz Championship? The eyes of all the Empire are fixed on this tournament. No one could get away with this. It is suicide."
"Perhaps whatever they wanted is worth the risk," Kenichi said.
Ichiro finally looked up from the bloody scene and stared into Kenichi's eyes. The Monkey met his gaze with a steely expression set on his face.
"They would want us to report back to the city so that the magistrates could hunt down those responsible," Ichiro said quietly.
"These men were fast," Kenichi replied. "We ran here as fast as we could, yet there was no sign of them when we arrived. I believe the Crane magistrates will immediately begin an investigation. Still, the culprits will have a two hour lead on their pursuers. I wonder if they will find Tensin alive."
"If we headed out now, we could interrupt whatever plans they have set in store for Tensin," Ichiro stated and gestured to the trampled grass. "This certainly counts as a test of our hunting abilities."
"We are only two," Kenichi said with a pessimistic shake of his head.
Ichiro grinned. "Two will be enough."
It was no easy task to follow the ambushers to their lair. They left very few traces of their trek through the woods. Ichiro and Kenichi could deduce only a few facts about their enemy from their footsteps. First, they only numbered four men. Second, the enemy group was familiar with the terrain; they traveled along a well hidden trail that meandered across the forest. If Ichiro had not noticed broken twigs on heavy foliage, they would have missed it completely.
Ichiro and Kenichi followed the path for nearly an hour before they reached a clearing on the outskirts of the woods. It was a temple — or at least, it had once been a temple to some forgotten Fortune. The roof of the building was broken in some places and the gate hung from its hinges. It was obvious that it had been some time since the temple had anyone care for the premises. The footsteps led directly past the broken gate and into the building. The door was slightly ajar, and Ichiro could hear conversation from inside the room.
The two moved as one without a word. They stepped past the gate, careful to avoid giving away their presence to those inside. They tiptoed up to the building and flanked the doorway. Ichiro slowed his breath so that the whispers of conversation could reach them.
The first voice that reached his ears was that of a woman, apparently the mastermind behind the crime. The voice was deep and raspy, as if she had once suffered a wound on her throat and she had not fully healed over the years. She did not raise her voice but her anger was evident.
"You allowed him to shout out a warning, you worm?" she said. "I told you to be as ghosts in this matter! You will bring the magistrates onto our heads!"
"Mistress Morisue, this worm apologies for his trespass," returned the sniveling drawl of a man. "We could not move fast enough to silence both of them at the same time."
"Move faster," Morisue replied. The sickly sound of wood hitting flesh echoed through the air. The servant cried out in pain and whimpered. The woman mused out loud, ignoring the moans of her servant. "You are sure that this boy will be the next Topaz Champion?"
The servant continued to whimper and began to stammer out a reply. She struck him again, drawing out another scream. "Yes, yes, mistress!" the man said between yelps. "We walked through the streets of the city, listening to the samurai. No one pays attention to mere farmers. They say that this boy, Hiruma Tensin, will be the next Topaz Champion! Another boy is said to be close to Tensin's score, but he is Unicorn. Everyone hates the Khan. He will not win the title."
Kenichi glanced at Ichiro and raised an eyebrow. Ichiro shook his head and grasped the hilt of his sword.
"The Crab are at war with the Crane, you idiot," Morisue said. Contempt dripped from her voice with each word. "Still, I suppose this Crab will do. I can get my revenge for what they did to me, five years ago."
"What next, mistress?" a third voice asked.
"Now," Morisue said slowly, "we must move to the caves. The magistrates will find their way here soon enough, since I cannot even trust you to silence a pair of children. Make sure the boy is breathing. We must keep him alive until the Chrysanthemum Festival. Our master will not accept a poor sacrifice."
"Yes, mistress," a pair of voices chorused. The room was silent once more except for the sound of scuffled sandals and slow movement. Ichiro gestured toward the room and slowly drew his blade, taking care to make no noise. Kenichi drew his blade and replaced Tensin's katana into his scabbard. Slowly, quietly, Ichiro leaned toward the open doorway and peered in.
Ichiro quickly assessed the situation. There were four dirty and blooded peasants walking around the bound and unconscious form of Tensin. None of them paid any attention to the doorway, yet they were clearly threats. All of them had weapons hooked onto their belts; these weapons were all crude peasant weapons, and one carried a wakizashi, yet he knew they could not be ignored. The last figure in the room could be none other than Morisue. She was a statuesque middle aged woman. Her clothes were made of fine silk, and the gray streaks in her hair only added to the charm of her image. Yet that was the extent of her beauty. Her face might have once been perfect, yet it was now lined with years of hatred and corruption. Her skin was marred with splotches of gray, and her hands were shriveled and rotten. She watched her servants handle Tensin with a disdainful sneer. She seemed to carry no weapon, only an old human skull. Ichiro knew better than to dismiss her from her appearance.
Ichiro looked at Kenichi. He raised five fingers then pointed into the room. Kenichi nodded and smiled. The look in his eyes seemed to claim that he was prepared — no, he expected — to die. Ichiro hesitated for a brief moment, but Kenichi slammed the door open with his shoulders. He gave a shout and raised his katana to shoulder height. Though Ichiro was caught off guard, he immediately followed his friend into the fight with his weapon at the ready.
Morisue and her servants turned to the door with surprise. While her servants paused, taken aback at the sudden intrusion, Morisue reacted immediately. "A couple of boys?" Morisue said. She raised her hand and pointed at Kenichi.
Ichiro reached down to his obi and drew out his hunting knife. Without stopping he threw the knife in the direction of the maho tsukai and hoped it would throw off her aim. The blade flew through the air and pierced Morisue's throat. She choked and blood began to ooze out around the knife. Her hands rose up to her throat in an instinctive gesture. Ichiro lunged and ran her through with his katana. Morisue's eyes widened and she shot Ichiro a look of pure hatred. He slashed his sword free of the body. Breathing heavily, he turned to assess the situation.
Kenichi was cornered by the others as they drove him away from Tensin with their weapons. The Monkey had downed one of his opponents but in return had suffered several slashes to his forearms. He feinted but was forced back once more by the peasants.
Ichiro charged with his sword raised high above his head. The peasant nearest him turned to face him and raised a wakizashi in his defense. The enemy struck out with his stolen blade. Ichiro met the strike with his katana and parried the blade to the side. With a twist of his wrist he struck the peasant's gut and slashed him open to his chest. Kenichi took advantage of the distraction and struck out. The very tip of his blade smoothly glided through flesh and bone and ripped open his opponent's wrist. The kama dropped out of his hands. The peasant screamed in pain and instinctively raised his arms to protect his chest. Kenichi struck once more and the corpse thudded to the floor.
The last of Morisue's servants turned heel and ran for Tensin. He raised his kama high and struck down at the helpless target. Before his blow could reach its target, he convulsed violently and dropped the weapon. The kama harmlessly clattered on the ground in front of Tensin. He coughed blood and his unfocused eyes stared out at nothing as he slowly went limp. Ichiro yanked the sword back. The body slid off the blade and fell to the ground.
Ichiro breathed heavily as the rush of the moment left him. He flicked the blood off his blade on reflex and stared around the room. He had never killed anyone before. He looked down at his kimono and stared at the blood that had splattered him during the battle. He paused for a moment. Some of that blood came from what may have been a maho-tsukai. With a shudder he pulled the kimono off and crumpled it into a small ball. Kenichi was faring much better. He walked up and knelt down next to Tensin.
A sudden bright light descended from the roof. It radiated out until it overwhelmed everything else and banished the darkness from every corner of the room. Ichiro looked at the light but it was too brilliant to gaze upon directly. He could barely make out the source of the light. It took the form of a man, yet it was too large and too pure to be human. The form raised its hand. Ichiro was suddenly filled with the sense of perfect peace that filled every inch of his body.
After a few moments the light faded away and slowly the world returned to normal. For a long moment Ichiro and Kenichi remained still, awed by the sense of majesty that still filled the room.
"I've felt this before," Kenichi said slowly.
Ichiro turned to face him. "What do you mean?"
"We celebrated as a Clan at the Year's End Festival in the month of the Tiger. We met by the grave of our clan's founder, Toku-sama, and prayed to the Fortunes for guidance throughout the new year. A strange light appeared in the air before us and I felt serene and calm for the first time in my life. Our shugenja say that it was the Fortunes answering our prayers."
"The Fortunes," repeated Ichiro. He had never been a religious man, but what could he say in the face of such overt magnificence? "Why would the Fortunes watch such as us?"
Kenichi frowned. "I could not say," he replied. "There really is no reason…" his voice trailed off, and he snapped his finger sharply. "The Chrysanthemum Festival!"
Ichiro blinked in confusion. "That is not until the summer," he remarked. "What does that have to do with anything?"
"Morisue said they would sacrifice Tensin!" Kenichi said. "The followers of Fu Leng attempt to sacrifice someone to their god at the end of the Festival! And at the same time, the Fortunes choose who will receive their blessings!"
"The festival isn't until this summer!" Ichiro repeated.
"Well, then," Kenichi said smartly. "I suppose if we found a tall enough tree you could shout at the gods to take their blessings back. I am quite sure they would understand."
Tensin groaned and opened his eyes. "Shinjo Ichiro, Toku Kenichi," he said flatly. "You heard my call."
Kenichi drew his knife and cut the Crab's bindings. Ichiro nodded. "Are you badly wounded? Can you walk?"
"I will be fine," he said and coughed. "I owe you two my life."
"You would have done the same," Ichiro said sincerely. "The bonds between Unicorn and Crab are deep, and will not be easily forgotten, friend."
"I shall approach the judges and tell them that I will withdraw from the Topaz Championship," Tensin said resolutely. "Your efforts must be rewarded."
Kenichi looked at Ichiro and grinned. Ichiro's eyes narrowed. "No."
"I am not conceding to you out of pity, Ichiro-san," Tensin protested. "You have proven yourself worthier with your actions. The judges must see that."
"If what you say is true, the judges will see it," Ichiro said. "Do not insult me, Tensin-san."
Tensin and Ichiro stared at each other. Tensin broke the gaze and nodded. "I am sorry, Ichiro-san. I did not mean offense. I assure you that everyone will know what you have done this day."
Ichiro and Kenichi reached forward and lifted the Crab to his feet. Together, they began the long trek back to civilization.
"Congratulations, Ichiro-san."
He turned around to see Toku Kenichi's smiling face in front of him. He placed the armor of the Topaz Champion back onto its stand and grinned back. "Thank you Kenichi-san. It's Shinjo T'sao, now."
"Such an ugly name," Kenichi said, softening the remark with a wide grin. "It suits your face."
T'sao shook his head and extended his hand out. "May the Fortunes be with you, my friend."
Kenichi stared at the hand then bowed. "T'sao-san. With everything going on within your lands, I hope that they will remain with you instead."
|This article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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Nissan Genuine N1 Thermostat SR16VE SR18DE SR20DE SR20DET / VET KA24DE
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Genuine OEM NissanThermostat for SR20DET & KA24DE engines. This will allow your radiator to cool your engine before the temperature gets too high. Cooling running temperature will yield higher power and response. Replaceing at regular intervals will will extend your engine life and yield better reliability.
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Brooke Burke rocks blue suit
Brooke Burke rocked a blue striped suit at world premiere of 'Pete's Dragon', which was held at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on Monday (08.08.16).
The 'Dancing With The Stars' champion attended the star studded event along with her daughter Heaven, and son Shaya.
The brunette beauty looked effortlessly chic as she sported a navy blue two-piece co-ord with red and white pinstripe detail.


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Pixyst Photographer
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text: I'm not expert in xenforo and sometimes I need just very basic things and I waste a lot of time trying to find information to solve it. Things that to someone with experience in xenforo just need 2 minutes, but I waste some times even hours ... I don't have a lot of time and I need to hire someone to customise that small things that I need sometimes. Example https://xenforo.com/community/threads/how-to-use-new-post-page-as-home-page.90522/ PM if you are interested, and tell me how much I have to pay for your services. Really appreciate your help.


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Jetmil members are offered 20% discount on all personal care services at ProNail branches.
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Find Loans You Need to Find the Right Creditor
We have found the internet buyers become depositors in the mortgage market. Often they have submitted their mortgage loan information. After questioning the mortgage for a mortgage quote made by consumers on the Internet the information is then referred to a loan officer who will call them and help them find the right loan for their situation. By doing this on-internet buyers gain a competitive edge in the market to compete for their business. This can be good and can be bad.
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One of the most important functions of a mortgage loan officer is the so-called "placement of the loan". Loan placement involves the choice of mortgage loan products, the choice of mortgage lenders and mortgage loan terms in relation to the situation of the borrower. There are many different mortgage products — interest only mortgages, adjustable rate mortgage, and mortgage rates remain just to name a few. Each product has a certain type of borrower that the product was designed for.
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Find someone you can trust, we believe, is the most important part of choosing a lender. We believe this because this is what consumers have said repeatedly. However it is very difficult to gain insight about who you can trust. A mortgage is not something that most people shop to determine how often a measure of mortgage loan officers and mortgage companies can be tricky. We believe disclose mortgage terms in writing fast and sticking to those terms are the best way for consumers to put trust and maintaining the trust mortgage lender.
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"I think that some of our soldiers die in the battlefield and some come home to bad health and die prematurely, just by the nature of the kind of business they're in."
Related quotes
"Courage is not limited to the battlefield or the Indianapolis 500 or bravely catching a thief in your house. The real tests of courage are much quieter. They are the inner tests, like remaining faithful when nobody's looking, like enduring pain when the room is empty, like standing alone when you're misunderstood."
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"One of my goals is to get the Battlefield promotion, ... So it is
on my mind, but I'm trying not to dwell on it. This is definitely the closest
I've been since I got my second win."
"Iraq is 50 yards outside this tent. We've never put highly skilled, sub-specialized surgeons this close to the battlefield."


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Psn network still down any solutions?
PSN is under scheduled maintenanceUpdate: PSN maintenance is requiring more time than expected, and is now expected to complete tonight. We apologize for the inconvenience.PlayStation Network Maint...
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Playstation network still down (UK)..?
It's was back on yesterday or the day before.
Do people still find social network sites like Facebook and Myspace still useful?
I found it extremely useful,I had resisted joining Facebook for a while and wondered what all the fuss was about,but when I eventually signed up I managed to connect to various friends that I hadn'...
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Network Solutions for a Drupal 500 Internal Server Error?
The "500 Internal Server Error" is one of many error messages you may receive while attempting to install or run the Drupal Web content management system. The error means that the Web server runnin...
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My samsung laptop has been shutting down for 3 hours but still has not shut down. How can I shut it down now?
You need to hold down the power button until your computer turns off, if 1-2 minutes has passed and nothing has changed you may need to take out the laptops battery, but make sure your AC adaptor i...
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Omix-ADA Alternator, 120 Amp (1991-98) Cherokee/Grand Cherokee/Wrangler, 2.5L/4.0L
This 120 amp alternator from Omix-ADA fits 91-98 Jeep Cherokees/Wranglers with a 2.5L or 4.0L engine. Fits 93-98 Grand Cherokees with a 4.0L engine.
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Had the opportunity to stay again in this 4* Hotel.
Still one of the best hotels to stay in Terceira Island. Very cosy and clean this hotel offers a magnificent view over Monte Brasil and Silveira Bay, where you can dive, swim or just even take sunbathe during Summer time.
The Réveillon party was great and the food also amazing... Nothing that I wasn't counting on, because the Restaurant wins lots of prizes during food festivals all over the years.
Here it is a great bet to stay in Angra.
The less or the most negative thing I can say is that the chief of staff from the Restaurant, never has a smile to show you, but he is professional though.
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- chancer
- noun Date: 1959 British a scheming opportunist
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
Chancer — Genre crime drama Directed by principally Alan Grint with Laurence Moody and others Starring Clive Owen Simon Shepherd Leslie Phillips Peter Vaughan … Wikipedia
chancer — ► NOUN informal ▪ a person who fully exploits any opportunity … English terms dictionary
chancer — [[t]tʃɑ͟ːnsə, tʃæ̱nsə[/t]] chancers N COUNT You can refer to someone as a chancer if you think they use opportunities for their own advantage and often pretend to have skills they do not have. [INFORMAL] He accused the Health Minister of being a… … English dictionary
chancer — UK [ˈtʃɑːnsə(r)] / US [ˈtʃænsər] noun [countable] Word forms chancer : singular chancer plural chancers British informal someone who is always willing to take a risk in order to get an advantage, even if it means doing something that other people … English dictionary
chancer — /chan seuhr, chahn /, n. Chiefly Brit. a person who takes many risks. [1880 85; CHANCE + ER1] * * * … Universalium
chancer — noun /ˈtʃæn.sə(ɹ)/ An opportunist … Wiktionary
chancer — I Everyday English Slang in Ireland n dodgy/risky character II Irish Slang dodgy/risky character … English dialects glossary
chancer — n. (British) person who takes chances or many risks; person who takes advantage of any opportunity … English contemporary dictionary
chancer — noun Brit. informal a person who exploits any opportunity to the utmost … English new terms dictionary
chancer — To adjust according to principles of equity, as would be done by a court of chancery. The practice arose in parts of New England when the courts, without equity jurisdiction, were compelled to act upon equitable principles … Black's law dictionary


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Gaze House- Modern home near beach
House, Yamba
Rated 5 out of 5 stars 2 reviews
From $152 per night {{quote.pricing.message}} Total {{quote.pricing.price | format:'currency':'short'}} for
Min 2 - 7 nights stay
Townhouse - very private
Accommodates 8 ideal for 2 couples
4 Bedrooms -1 queen, 2 doubles, 2 singles
Linen included
2 Bathrooms, 3 toilets
2 flat screen TVs
BBQ Gas
Ocean views Pippi Beach
Fully fenced Yard
Double Garage with off street parking also for 2 cars.
Definitely No pets.
Secure boat parking.
Comfort - Comfort - Comfort.
Open the front door and start your holiday Walk up the atrium style stairwell with beautiful glass right to the ceiling. Open plan with timber floors and high ceilings, make this property spacious and modern. Compfy lounges for relaxation and 2 lounge rooms with 2 large flat screen tvs. Large ceasar stone bench tops for cooking up a storm with electrolux cooking appliances.This is a 2 storey Apartment with a fully fenced grassy yard for all the family. Equipped with all the comforts of home, decorated with your needs and comfort in mind for that restful beach holiday.Enjoy a BBQ on the large private balcony with lovely sea views for outdoor dining. Plenty of room for that friend to say overnight.
What are you waiting for, book your upmarket holiday today.
2 Car Spaces
Fantastic apartment with all your needs 2 minutes from Pippi Beach.
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This is definitely the best BLAZE album. After the disappointing Tenth Dimension, I really thought this was a way better effort. It's dark, heavy and serious, just the way I like my heavy metal.
Blood and Belief occupies an odd place in the metal canon because I don't really think there's much else like it. It's pretty much shed all the 80s metal influences and is squarely modern in terms of riffing, but it can't be called anything other than pure good old heavy fuckin' metal. Where most bands that eschew classic rock and metal influence end up going into another genre (prog, thrash, groove, etc), Blood and Belief is a stodgy, punchy album with a thick, concrete-slab guitar tone, chugging riffing and a reliance on slow, mellow parts to break up the gravelly anthems. We do get some livelier moments when the guitars rip out leads and solos, but most of this is very morose and somber mood-wise – even when the song structures occasionally echo old 80s metal, the mood is miles and miles away. I guess comparisons could be made to Nevermore or Iced Earth's mid-era stuff, but this is just far better than either of those bands.
The main reason for that is simple – just look at the band name. This is Blaze Bayley's heart and soul – a concept album about his struggles with alcoholism. The lyrics, while straightforward, are delivered with a lot of heart and passion, and they work really well. Blaze's vocal delivery is probably my favorite here that he ever did, winding his deep, throaty bellow around some infectious vocal lines and emotional climaxes to songs. The songs ride a sort of emotional wave, with each song different from the last – some are fast and pugilistic, some are mellow bluesy ballads and some are head-stomping concert-style anthems. On standout tracks like "Alive," the title track, the powerful "Life and Death" and the monster, skull-crushing riff-and-chorus combo of "Hollow Head," the band sounds energized and like they really mean it. Great stuff.
Unfortunately there are some weaker bits – "Tearing Myself to Pieces" and "Regrets" aren't the strongest songs on display, though they're far better than some of the filler on Blaze's other albums. "Will to Win" is fun, but ultimately kind of shallow, with the most obvious chorus on the album. And despite liking this really well, it never quite rises above just 'good' into really great. The theme and passion behind this work are outstandingly done, but the songwriting and overall flow of the album never really transcends the basics. I'm not saying it's not an addictive album in its way, but I am saying I can't really give this a 90%+ score and really be justified in doing so.
Still, though – I'd take an album like this, with pretty much all rock solid tunes, over something that overextends its boundaries and falls flat on its face, any day. Blaze Bayley never made a classic album, but he has pretty consistently made entertaining enough albums for years now. This is my favorite from him – go get it!
Blaze plunders on with their 3rd, and so far, last album. And it is really a shame that Mr. Bayley's solo efforts seem to have passed by virtually unnoticed by the metal masses. His past in Iron Maiden alone should be enough to keep many a metalhead more then interested in his work. I think this only shows that the average Iron Maiden fan are not necessarily metal fans in general. Because what Blaze delivers solo is even more relevant in today's metal scene. I wouldn't call the music modern, but it has some influences from the so-called power metal, or Euro-metal, scene of today. Maybe this is mostly heard in the production, but I also find it in the playing. Thus Blaze the band comes across as a much heavier outfit than Blaze the mans previous outlets. The music is also written to fit the mans voice, which isn't at all as limited as we all thought when he was in Iron Maiden. I'm not sure what bands I would compare Blaze to, and that might be a good thing. The album is nicely put together, with a balance between the heavy as stink songs, the mid-tempo stuff, and even some mellower stuff. "Ten Seconds" might be the mans, and the bands, finest moment. This is also the most personal album from Blaze Bayley, lyrics dealing with many of the low points in the mans life, such as alcoholism and depression. 'Blood & Belief' might end in the "best-albums-you've-never-heard" category. And it is truly a shame that more people haven't discovered this band yet.
Killer tracks: Ten Seconds, Blood And Belief
I've always been quite a fan of Blaze Bayley. My association with Bayley goes way back to his glorious Wolfsbane days – I remember being rather taken with their quirky hard edge metal style – their debut, the seriously cool 'Live Fast, Die Fast' (1989) is still a long time favorite (although its impact was destroyed by a lifeless Rick Rubin production). Of course, most latter day fans of Blaze will recognize him for his days as Bruce Dickinson's replacement in Iron Maiden. It's been a while since he was dumped from them too – but it always seems to be a talking point whenever we hear the man's name. Needless to say, I've fallen into the trap also.
Truth be known, Blaze Bayley has been quite the prolific songwriter since leaving Maiden, with this new disc 'Blood & Belief' being his fourth since the 1999 debut 'Silicon Messiah'. In between we've had 2002's 'Tenth Dimension' and last year's 'Live as it Gets". Two years on from his last studio effort, Blaze returns firing on all cylinders. However, the return hasn't been without struggle. Seems as though 'Blood & Belief' is the product of a man who literally reached the bottom, dealing with alcoholism and severe depression. Therapy was sought and as a result, Blaze now gives us what is probably his most honest and personal set of songs ever written.
With the backing of producer extraordinaire Andy Sneap, 'B&B' is laced with a heavy, modern metal sound. It has the streamlined approach of 'Silicon' and fullness and dynamic energy that was displayed on the 'Live as it Gets' disc. Additionally, there is a real hefty crunch factor in the guitar riffs laid down by John Slater and Steve Wray, the choruses always melodic and catchy in that typical Blaze Bayley style. Of course, with Blaze enduring such a traumatic last couple of years, there is a slightly darker, reflective tone to many of the tracks written here. Most of 'B&B' is very strong song wise, with only a couple of weaker moments ('Hollow Head and The Path & The Way') bringing the overall quality down a little.
The one problem that most people seem to have with Blaze Bayley is his vocal style. Granted, the man hasn't got the strongest set of pipes, but as a vocalist he does his absolute best with what he's got. Listen, as far as I am concerned, no one actually sounds like Blaze Bayley. The man is certainly no chameleon either – his style is actually quite unique with his 'British-ness' as distinctive as it's ever been. The down side of his style, is that it probably lacks variation and while he tries to incorporate some slower, gentler verses on songs like 'Soundtrack..and Blood & Belief', Blaze's best work is done when he's belting it out with unrestrained passion. Passion is the key word here - If he's achieved nothing else with this disc, he should be proud of his vocal delivery on this.
'Blood & Belief' is a much stronger than 'The Tenth Dimension' and with time it may match the magic of the 'Silicon Messiah' debut. Certainly, the first half of this album is as good as anything Blaze has ever done. Aside from darker edge that most of this displays, 'B&B' shouldn't really surprise too many metal fans. If Blaze has pleased you before, then you'll like this no question. It's crunchy contemporary metal with a catchy melodic edge – nothing new, but worth investigating.
This is the third 'solo' album from former Iron Maiden and Wolfsbane frontman Blaze Bayley. Blaze are always one of those bands that produce work far greater than the sum of their constituent parts. Blaze admits freely that he isn't the greatest singer ever and his band are solid if not outstanding. The guitars ( from ever- present duo Steve Wray and John Slater) aren't particularly innovative, yet they don't ever put a foot wrong through the entire album.
Wayne Banks and Jason Bowld amply hold down the bass end. Special propos must go to Jason for his excellent drumming- worthy of that of a much more experienced performer.
As for the actual songs, I'll split them up into 3 categories:
The excellent-
Regret. Quite simply the best song on the album, the interaction between Blaze and the guitarists is simply outstanding. This is a heavy, building song and yet the personal nature of the lyrics gives it a tinge of melancholy (especially during the chorus).
Life and Death. The lyrics are once again very personal and this only adds to the depth of musicianship shown on this track. This goes to further indicate the level of musical depth that Blaze have as a band.
Blood & Belief. A very heavy track in the true classic metal mould. The song has a break in it to allow the riff to build up again; this also is beneficial to stop the song getting boring. Slightly confusing lyrics detract from the song slightly, but it's good nonetheless.
Soundtrack of my life. The interaction and the way the vocals meld with the music is reminiscent of Regret. Though this is slightly inferior, it has a nice haunting opening and an exceptional chorus.
Alive. A solid opener to either album or set, this song is a huge fuck you to all of Blaze's critics. Once again, this song contains the very personal lyrics that typify the songs on this album.
The good-
Ten Seconds. Contains some excellent guitar work, but the lyrics are too inane and repetitive to be counted amongst the best songs on this album. This is one of the tracks upon which Blaze Bayley's Iron Maiden influences show through (especially with the VXI- like repetition of the chorus).
Tearing Yourself to Pieces. A dirty, almost 'drugged-up' track that has an early Sabbath feel to it. Once again, while this is good, it's not in the same league and Regret etc. The lyrics are again incredibly personal.
Hollow Head. One of the heaviest tracks on the album, the guitar work is once again very good. The lyrics are lacking on this one, especially when compared to the much more meaningful songs on the album.
The Path and the Way. Once again, Blaze's Maiden influences show through- in the way that the music ( after a punishing opening) mellows before getting heavier again. A song about religion, or to be more precise Blaze's distaste for it. Not one of the outstanding tracks on the album, yet it's solid enough.
The average-
Will to Win. A song similar to those played during Blaze's tenure as Wolfsbane frontman. Not bad, but a very cheesy chorus and a lack of real direction mar this one. Solid drumming and the best line of the album manage to rescue this one though.
So, all in all a very solid album. Nothing amazingly innovative and yet nothing sub-standard either. On the whole, this is a very good album and when all the parts are put together a very pleasing product is made. This is a similar album to….And Justice in that it's so intense as to force the listener to actively listen to it. It's just not an album that you can put on in the background while you do something else.
Fortunately, Blaze aren't just a Maiden clone. They have discovered their own musical identity and it seems that they are going from strength to strength with each album they put out.


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Proenza Schouler
Mini PS1 Leather Crossbody Bag
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Editor's notes
Sure to become your go-to cross body, the Proenza Schouler PS1 Bag is both compact and utilitarian combining style and functionality. Complete with an adjustable shoulder strap, this contemporary satchel-inspired bag is accented with antique gold hardware and a logo embellished charm for added vintage luxury.
Product features
- Adjustable, detachable shoulder strap
- Push lock fastening
- Fabric lining; zipped internal pocket
- Made in Italy
Lamb leather
H: 15cm; W: 20cm; D: 6cm; Minimum strap length: 109cm; Maximum strap length: 116cm
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This city hotel was renovated in 2011 and has a total of 384 rooms. The premises are air-conditioned and guests are welcomed in a lobby with 24-hour reception and check-out service. Facilities include a hotel safe, currency exchange, cloakroom and lift access to the upper floors. There is also a hairdressing salon and a kids' club. The hotel has a variety of restaurants with panoramic views, as well as a caf� and several banquet rooms. Conference facilities and a business service are available to business travellers. Internet access is also provided (fees apply). Moreover, guests can take advantage of the room and laundry services on offer (the latter incurs an additional fee). Those arriving by car may leave their vehicle in the hotel's car park or garage (parking fees apply). Bicycles are available for hire.
The hotel overlooks the Old City of Jerusalem. The popular neighbourhood of Mamilla is nearby and features a selection of shops, caf�s and restaurants. Guests can reach the Old City of Jerusalem and Jaffa Gate in a short 2 km walk and the hotel is 2.4 km from the Emek HaMatsleva - Rehavia Park. Malcha Station is about a 10-minute drive away.
Furnished with impeccable taste, meticulous attention to detail and wallowing in luxury, the spacious and modern guestrooms and suites are embellished with rich-toned wood, finely woven fabrics in colours reflecting the special lights of Jerusalem and a host of pampering amenities. The en suite bathrooms are large and have a bath and shower, as well as a hairdryer. Guests can enjoy a good night's rest on their double or king-size bed which features a pillow menu. Room also have blackout curtains. Further amenities include a direct dial telephone, LCD satellite/cable TV and Internet access. There is also a safe, minibar and an ironing set. Individually regulated air conditioning and individually regulated heating are standard features in all accommodation. Splendid balconies ensure that every corner provides magnificent views of this eternally-fascinating city.
Guests can take a refreshing dip in the large heated outdoor swimming pool. There is also a children's swimming area and refreshments are available from the poolside snack bar. Fitness enthusiasts can work out in the gym and unwind in the sauna and steam room. For an additional fee they can pamper themselves with a massage or spa treatment at the modern spa centre (additional fees apply).
Breakfast at the hotel is the famous Israeli buffet breakfast of local cheeses, smoked fish and herring, cereal, a variety of fresh salads, health foods, breads, cakes and hot dishes. During the summer months a bountiful buffet is served on the terrace. Lunch and dinner may be enjoyed � la carte or from the set menu.
American Express, Diners Club, MasterCard and VISA are accepted as methods of payment at this hotel.
Exit Ben Gurion Airport, travelling towards Jerusalem on road 1. When entering the city follow the signs to the old city. When reaching the Agron Street and Kind David Street junction the hotel will be visible on the right. To get to the main entrance turn right and after few metres turn left to enter the parking area. Guests can also enter the parking area directly by continuing forward past the junction and after few metres the entrance to the parking area will be on their right-hand side.
Only Israeli citizens are subject to VAT.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Iron and board
Double bed
King size bed
Individual airconditioned
Individual heating
Wheelchair accessible
Disabled bathroom


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by Ted
I recently lost my best friend, my soulmate, my companion, my love (as all on here have). We had initially met each other 4 years ago and recently moved in together, planning to be married on December 12, 2012 (12/12/12) to share the rest of our lives togehter... Seven months later he dies suddenly. It was so sudden and totally unexpected - major organ failure due to undiagnosed ruptured blood vessels. Thursday a.m (before Good Friday) I left for work kissing him goodbye, talked to him on the phone an hour later as per usual. I arrived home that night after work to find him hoarse and tired which he insisted was due to fighting the flu for the last week. He woke me at 5 a.m. Good Friday and asked me to take him to emergency as he didn't feel well, he rapidly deteriorated going through two hospital emergency centres, to the point of my having to make the decision for discontinuence of life support by Saturday night; I held him and sat talking to him as he passed away before my eyes (only 10 minutes after disconnect). Easter Monday was spent planning for the memorial service on the subsequent Saturday, went to work on Tuesday (a fairly high level professional position) to meet with staff and explain what had happened (and "out" myself as I had kept my private life separate from my professional life - as my partner had also done), met with my Executive Committee the next day, advised my Board (17 members that were not aware of my personal lifestyle), was contacted by a government official on Wednesday (as I was on my way to the funeral home to identify my partner prior to cremation) to inform me that due to financial cutbacks at the federal level, our agency would no longer be receiving funding (and in essence I would be out of a job), had to go in to work on Thursday to meet with staff again to explain the funding issue... It is so hard to think there is a life worth living...I've lost my focus, and everything else. It is true, death is not a singular event...there's not only the death of the person, but also the death of all the hopes, dreams and expectations for the future. I am bitter, angy, so lonely. I am grateful for what we had together (it was a relationship envied by many of our friends and relatives), but I also am so mad about the brevity...I've lost my faith and desire for the future if it is all alone without him... I could go on and on about the ongoing drama around all these events, etc. but I don't want to appear to be having a "pity party"... My emotions are so raw and complicated...I cry at the drop of a hat...I am in counselling, but everyday life is so painfull...expecially the nights and weekends which we always used to spend doing things "together". I so miss "us"...
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View the full range Stormor Shelving
Necessary for fixing metal bin fronts onto Stormor Solo, Mono or Duo shelving systems.
These location plugs are a small but integral part of the popular Stormor shelving system which provides practical and innovative shelving solutions for office and commercial use. Two location plugs are required to fix each 500mm high bin front with a further two plugs needed for the 75mm and 100mm high bin front. These plugs ensure the bin fronts remain in place and help to provide shelving solutions for smaller items such as office accessories or manufacturing components. One size fits all of the Stormor shelving bin fronts and back stops.
These location plugs can be used with bin fronts and back stops as part of the heavy duty euro shelving system. These plugs will fix bin fronts to shelves and are ideal for use in electrical stock rooms, stationery stores and other industrual areas where bin fronts and and back stops provide an effective storage solution for a range of valuable of items which need to be secure while easily accessible. The location plugs are also easy to fit and are made of sturdy material.
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Hot Chocolate Run St. Louis
This event occurred on
Soldier's Memorial
Known as "America's Sweetest Race," this 15/5K is sure to be a fun time filled with sweet treats. In addition, all proceeds from the race will benefit Ronald McDonald House Charities of St. Louis, making the race even sweeter.
Past dates
- Occurred Sunday, December 15th, 2013 @ 7:30 am


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Staffordshire Commemorative Plate - Trinity Church, Boston
Item ID:C-070913-01
Produced by Wedgwood for the American market. Jones, McDuffie and Stratton Importers.
This is one of a large series of transfer ware prints taken from copper plates. After the 1950's the copper plates were destroyed and the Commemorative Plate Series ceased to be produced.
Lovely condition. No chips, Cracks or Hairlines.
10" diameter (dinner plate size)
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Auty Dollie Bag by Dedri Uys
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 7 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
© Dedri Uys
© Dedri Uys
© Jo Clark
© Dedri Uys
© Dedri Uys
© Dedri Uys
© BarbertonDaisy
Auty Dollie Bag
This pattern is available as a free Ravelry download
I'm sorry the photos for this one are a bit yuk. This bag is simple to make and fairly fun once you get past the tr bits.
Update 1/6/2013:
This bag requires one strand of bulky or 2 strands of double knit yarn (about 200g).
Using the hook and yarn suggested, the body of the bag should come out about 29 cm wide by 19 cm high by 10 cm deep.
I have updated the pattern to include:
- Instructions to make symmetrical handles
- Instructions for making a striped bag
I have also fixed a minor error.
This pattern is now available in Spanish as well, and the link can be found on my website.
Happy hooking!
For more information, see: http://www.lookatwhatimade.net/crafts/patterns/aunty...


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1996
|Filing date
|Aug 23, 1994
|Priority date
|Aug 26, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David E. Hargis, Sven E. Nelte
|Original Assignee
|Laser Power Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (24), Referenced by (52), Classifications (31), Legal Events (11)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/112,558, filed 26 Aug. 1993, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to lasers, and more specifically to diode-pumped solid-state blue microlasers which employ second harmonic generation.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Many developments have been made concerning the generation of harmonic radiation from solid-state laser devices. These advances relate both to the efficiency with which such devices operate and to the output wavelengths which have been obtained. For applications requiring small-to-modest levels of optical power, an attractive form of solid-state laser has been that of the microlaser. Such a device comprises a monolithic or composite resonant cavity wherein a diode laser is used to pump a short element of solid-state gain medium, the latter being formed by reflective surfaces on opposite ends of the cavity.
The solid-state gain medium consists of a rare-earth ion, such as trivalent neodymium (Nd3+), doped into a suitable host material. The most well studied gain medium is Nd3+ -doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) which has been diode laser-pumped and has been made to lase at either 1342 nm, 1064 nm or 946 nm.
In Zayhowski, "Microchip Lasers," The Lincoln Laboratory Journal, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 427-445 (1990), the demonstration of single-frequency microchip lasers which use a miniature, monolithic, flat-flat, solid-state cavity whose longitudinal mode spacing is greater than the gain bandwidth of the gain medium, is reported. These microchip lasers are longitudinally pumped with the close-coupled, unfocused output of a laser diode to generate near-infrared radiation. Mooradian has disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,860,304 a microlaser employing a gain medium made from Nd:YAG having a cavity length that is less than 700 μm.
Nonlinear optical crystals can be used to convert near-infrared radiation to the visible portion of the spectrum via second harmonic generation (SHG) (sometimes termed frequency doubling). This process generates a harmonic wavelength which is one-half of the fundamental wavelength. Since the SHG conversion efficiency is a function of the fundamental laser beam intensity, the nonlinear crystal is often placed inside the cavity of a low power continuous wave laser to benefit from the high intracavity fundamental beam intensity. This technique is well known and is discussed by Mooradian in U.S. Pat. No. 4,953,166 where a solid-state gain material is bonded to a SHG nonlinear crystal. Dielectric reflective coatings are deposited directly to the gain and nonlinear material surfaces to form a composite cavity intracavity doubled laser. However, the main intent of this reference is to teach configurations which give rise to single frequency operation by selecting the cavity length such that the gain bandwidth is less than or substantially equal to the frequency separation of the cavity modes. This is not the case with the present disclosure.
A typical SHG method is intracavity doubling using KTP (potassium-titanyl-phosphate, or KTiOPO4) as a nonlinear crystal. Radiation at 532-nm with as much as a few watts of power has been obtained in this way with a longitudinally oriented, diode laser pumped Nd:YAG laser. Additionally, 4 mW at 473 nm has been achieved using KNbO3 (potassium niobate) as an intracavity SHG crystal in combination with Nd:YAG lasing at 946 nm [Risk et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 54 (17), 1625 (1989)]. However, diode laser pumped blue-green lasers based on intracavity SHG of Nd:YAG are limited in efficiency and stability due to the unpolarized emission, and the relatively weak, narrow diode absorption features of Nd:YAG. The conversion of optical radiation at one frequency into optical radiation of another frequency by integration with a nonlinear optical material within an optical cavity is known. Byer et al., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,739,507 and 4,731,787, disclose a diode-pumped laser having a harmonic generator. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,809,291, Byer describes a diode-pumped solid-state laser which is frequency doubled to produce blue light. Byer also discusses the same subject in the article "Diode Laser-Pumped Solid-State Lasers" Science, Vol. 239, p. 745 (1988). In these documents there is no mention of a requirement for polarized emission and/or broad absorption lines.
In contrast to the above mentioned blue-green solid-state lasers based on Nd:YAG, the uniaxial crystal Nd:YVO4 (neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate) has polarized emission and strong, wide absorption transitions [Yaney et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 66, 1405 (1976)]. Diode laser pumped operation of Nd:YVO4 lasing at 1064 nm with intracavity SHG to 532 nm utilizing KTP has been demonstrated to be more stable and efficient than Nd:YAG based systems [see Sasaki et al., Optics Letters, Vol, 16(21), 1665 (1991) and Tatsumo et al., "Highly Efficient and Stable Green Microlaser Consisting of Nd:YVO4 with Intracavity KTP for Optical Storage," paper CWQS, CLEO-92, Anaheim, Calif. (May 1992)].
Kintz et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,582 disclose a technique for generating single frequency output from Nd:YVO4 based lasers. Additionally, intracavity SHG utilizing KTP is claimed but no specific wavelengths or transitions are discussed. This patent specifically teaches the use of external, separate mirrors for the output coupler which does not correlate with the currently described invention.
Consequently, although in separate references the concept of intracavity doubled microlasers and of blue light production are recognized as practical, nowhere is there a teaching relative to blue microlasers which employ the 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 914-nm emission line of Nd:YVO4 to produce blue radiation at 457 nm via second harmonic generation in BBO or KNbO3. Nor is there any recognition that low lasant ion concentrations, on the order of less than 2.0%, permit the efficient production of blue light to occur. Additionally, there is no requirement or suggestion in the known prior art for either polarized emission or broad absorption bands of the laser material.
A basic objective of the invention is to provide a miniaturized composite cavity blue microlaser which operates efficiently at room temperature. This objective is accomplished by a laser comprising an active gain medium comprising a rare earth doped microlaser crystal which has two opposite faces, said gain medium having a polarized emission at about 900 nm when optically pumped; a nonlinear frequency doubling crystal oriented to phase match at about 900 nm, said crystal having two opposite faces, said gain medium and doubling crystal being bonded together to form a composite cavity; and optical pumping means in operative relationship with said composite cavity for pumping said composite cavity in which frequency-doubling to the blue of its fundamental frequency occurs, the output of said composite cavity being polarized.
Specifically, the invention relates to a microlaser device which is based upon fundamental laser action on the 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 transition in Nd:YVO4 (about 914 nm) or in Nd:GdVO4 (neodymium-doped gadolinium orthovanadate at about 912 nm), or a combination of both, and second harmonic generation in BBO (beta barium borate) or KNbO3 (potassium niobate) so as to provide a doubled output at about 457 nm or about 456 nm. Also, this microlaser device achieves a room-temperature Type-I phase match for the 914-nm line by employing a specifically oriented doubling crystal such as BBO or KNbO3.
Important features of the invention include the novel use of the vanadates as the lasing crystals. Another aspect is that this is uniaxial crystal gain material with polarized emission, which provides better properties for frequency doubling. Additionally, the vanadate gain material has broad absorption bands, with attendant advantages for this invention.
Finally, the invention employs special dichroic coatings on the crystals. Specifically, these combine low reflectivity at 1064 nm and 1340 nm and high reflectivity at 914 nm on both external crystal faces. The crystal surface facing the diode laser pump has low reflectivity at 809 nm and high reflectivity at 457 nm for the Nd:YVO4 embodiment.
As an alternative embodiment, when Nd:GdVO4 is employed as the lasing crystal, its fundamental 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 lasing wavelength is about 912 nm and the doubled wavelength is about 456 nm. As a further alternative, a combination of Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4 are both used in a microlaser configuration where the Nd:YVO4 is the lasing medium and the Nd:GdVO4 acts as a spectral filter narrowing the effective linewidth of the 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 Nd:YVO4 emission transition. This embodiment improves laser performance.
The objects, advantages and features of this invention will be more clearly perceived from the following detailed description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic line diagram of the composite cavity intracavity doubled blue microlaser of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a composite cavity blue microlaser wherein pump radiation is coupled to the device through an intermediate focusing lens;
FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment similar to FIG. 1 showing a dielectric spacer employed for coupling the two crystals together;
FIG. 4 shows a conceptual representation of the lasing action within the composite crystal cavity;
FIG. 5 is an alternative embodiment of FIG. 3 showing a convex input face;
FIG. 6 is an alternative embodiment of FIG. 3 showing a convex output face;
FIG. 7 is an alternative embodiment of FIG. 1 showing the use of two laser materials operating together, one acting as the laser material and the second operating as a spectral filter;
FIG. 8 is an alternative embodiment of FIG. 7 with a different placement of the second crystal;
FIG. 9A represents the 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 emission spectrum of a Nd:YVO4 crystal;
FIG. 9B represents the 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 absorption spectrum of a Nd:GdVO4 crystal; and
FIG. 9C is the net 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 emission spectrum when the crystals of FIGS. 9A and 9B are employed together in the FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 embodiments.
While this invention is susceptible of having many different forms, described herein are specific exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Referring now to the drawing, and more particularly to FIG. 1 thereof, laser 11 comprises gain medium 12 in the form of a thin etalon which is made from a rare earth doped crystal material. The etalon is bonded, such as by epoxy 19, to nonlinear crystal 16 to form a composite cavity. That cavity is optically pumped by source 13.
A highly suitable optical pumping source consists of at least one gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser diode which emits light having a wavelength of about 800 nm, preferably about 809 nm, and which is attached to a heat sink. The heat sink can be passive in character. However, the heat sink can also comprise a thermoelectric cooler or other temperature regulation means to help maintain the laser diode pumping source at a constant temperature and thereby ensure optimal operation of a laser diode at a constant wavelength. This is only an example of a suitable pumping source.
For efficient operation, the pumping radiation emitted by optical pumping means or source 13 is desirably matched with a suitable absorption band of the lasant material. In addition, the diode laser polarization is oriented with respect to the crystal axes of the laser medium for maximum absorption. The term "thin" as used herein means an etalon no more than 2 mm thick. The term "etalon" generally refers to a crystal with parallel faces. Since it is not necessary that the crystal faces be parallel in every embodiment, the term "crystal" will be used in some instances to refer to the element more broadly.
In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1, gain material 12 is made from an etalon of neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) and has two opposite, flat, parallel polished faces 14 and 17. It is oriented with respect to nonlinear crystal 16, having parallel polished faces 15 and 18, such that the propagation axis is phase-matched in BBO or KNbO3 of blue light wavelength of ˜457 nm. The distance between exterior faces 14 and 15 ranges between about 0.2 mm and 12 mm. At the present time, an element 12 would not likely function as desired if it were thinner than 0.1 mm. Frequency doubling crystal 16 would normally be about 0.1 to 11.9 mm long with the gain crystal being 0.1 to 2.0 mm between flat faces. It is advantageous that the laser of this invention employs separate crystals for lasing (gain material 12) and for wavelength conversion (doubling crystal 16).
Preferably, the output facet of semiconductor light source 13 is placed in butt-coupled relationship to input face 14 without the use of a focusing means or lens. As used herein, "butt-coupled" is defined to mean a coupling which is sufficiently close such that a divergent beam of optical pumping radiation emanating from semiconductor light source 13 will optically pump a mode volume within a lasant material with a sufficiently small transverse cross-sectional area so as to support essentially only single transverse mode laser operation (i.e., TEM00 mode operation) in etalon 12. Optical pumping radiation is expected to be delivered to the lasant etalon in a direction which is substantially along a longitudinal optical path. The result is a miniature all-solid-state device having a blue output.
Alternatively, a focusing means or an imaging means can be used to image a laser diode array into gain material 22 which is coupled to nonlinear crystal 26, typically by means of epoxy 29. This embodiment is illustrated as laser 21 in FIG. 2. An imaging means, such as lens 27, serves to focus the output of a single stripe laser diode or diode array 23 into input face 24. This focusing results in high pumping intensity and an associated high photon-to-photon conversion efficiency in lasant material 22. The focusing means can comprise any conventional device such as a gradient index (i.e., GRIN) lens, a ball lens, an aspheric lens, or a combination of lenses.
Face 14 of etalon 12 may be referred to as the input face and is the face which is closest to source 13. Face 14 is coated with a dielectric for high reflection (HR) at ˜914 nm and at ˜457 nm. Opposite face 15 is coated with a dielectric for high reflection at ˜914 nm, the fundamental wavelength, and for 1% to 20% anti-reflection (AR) at the harmonic wavelength of ˜457 nm, so as to form an output coupler. Interior faces 17 and 18 are coated for anti-reflection at ˜914 nm and ˜457 nm. Since it is necessary that the higher gain emission of Nd:YVO4 at 1064 nm and 1340 nm be suppressed so as not to compete with emission at 914 nm, it is essential that the coatings applied to surfaces 14 and 15 exhibit low reflectance at 1064 nm and 1340 nm. The terms "high" and "low" reflection relate to the specific values involved, as will be seen in Table 1 below. Wavelengths of 914 nm and 457 nm are shown to be highly reflected at faces 14, 24 and 34, for example, and to be much less reflected by faces 17, 27 and 41.
The input face of the etalon is also coated for high transmission (HT) at the pumping wavelength (about 809 nm) of source 13 to allow the pumping radiation to reach the lasant material which forms the etalon. Faces 24, 25, 27 and 28 in FIG. 2 are coated similarly.
The embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 employ lasers 11,21 having separate gain elements (12,22) and frequency doubling media (16,26) bonded by materials 19, 29 to form monolithic structures.
The FIG. 3 embodiment is structurally and functionally similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2. Laser 31 includes the addition of dielectric spacer 37 between lasing medium crystal 32 and doubling crystal 36. As shown here, the spacer is annular in shape and creates a small air gap between the crystals. That air gap would normally be between 25 and 500 μm wide, and preferably would be 50-100 μm wide. Pumping source 33 and exterior end faces 34 and 35 operate the same as described for the other embodiments. Faces 41 and 42 are also coated and their functions are substantially the same as the interior faces described above with respect to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2.
By way of further example, certain specifications are set forth here for enhanced understanding of the invention. They are meant to illuminate, and not to limit, the invention. The microlaser device would normally exhibit laser action on the 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 transition in Nd:YVO4 (˜914 nm), the frequency doubled output being ˜457 nm. The doping concentration of neodymium in the crystal is low compared with the known prior art. The doping concentration ranges between 0.3 and 2.0%, depending upon the specific crystal lengths. The concentration--length product is chosen to maximize the efficiency of the blue laser device. This is an important point since the 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 transition is a quasi-three level system. The low doping concentration enables lasing to be achieved in the near infrared at ˜914 nm. Also important is the crystal orientation. Both KNbO3 and BBO achieve a room-temperature Type-I phase match for the 914-nm line by lasing polarized along the c-axis of the Nd:YVO4 and orienting the nonlinear crystal such that it is polarized in the a-b plane and propagates at ˜44� from the b-axis toward the a-axis for KNbO3 and is polarized along the b-axis and propagates at ˜25.7� from the c-axis to the a-axis for BBO.
The reflectivities of the crystal faces are also important. These range between 99.5% and 99.95%, the "high" end, for the 914-nm line for faces 14,24,34 and 15,25,35, and between 0 and 0.25%, the "low" end, for faces 17,18,27,28,41 and 42. The reflectivities for 1064 nm and 1340 nm range between about 10% and 50%, which are "low" for these wavelengths. In this case, "about" means the low end is less than 10% and the upper end is less than 50%. This reflectivity arrangement enables the low pumping threshold and prevents lasing of the 1064 nm and the 1340 nm transitions.
More specifically, Table 1 below gives the reflectivities in percentages for each of the coated faces by wavelength.
TABLE 1______________________________________REFLECTIVITIES Faces Faces Faces FacesWavelength 14,24,34 15,25,35 17,27,41 18,28,42______________________________________809 <5914 ≧99.9 ≧99.9 ≦0.25 ≦0.251064 <10 <101340 <50 <50457 >99 1-20 ≦1 ≦1______________________________________
From these values, and from FIGS. 1-3, the Conceptual Representation of FIG. 4 can be easily understood. The pumping diode light at 809 nm enters at face 14, causes lasing at ˜914 nm within the composite cavity between faces 14 and 15. The intracavity nonlinear crystal gives rise to frequency doubling to ˜457 nm which, because of the low reflectivity of face 15 for the blue light (which can be as low as 1% to as high as 20%) is transmitted from the composite cavity as useful blue laser light.
As mentioned above in the Summary, Nd:YVO4 may be replaced by Nd:GdVO4 as lasing crystal gain medium 12 in FIG. 1. It may be similarly substituted for the equivalent element in FIGS. 2-6. The specific differences are reflected in the applicable wavelengths. The Nd:GdVO4 element has a fundamental wavelength of ˜912 nm, a doubled wavelength of ˜456 nm, and the suppressed wavelength is ˜1062 nm. These are the only changes that would be required in Table 1 to make it applicable to the Nd:GdVO4 embodiment.
An interesting and useful further alternative is a blue microlaser which combines Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4 elements with the appropriate nonlinear crystal such that the microlaser is formed by three elements. Possible embodiments of this alternative are the structures shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
The relative reference numerals used in FIGS. 1-3 have been continued in these figures. In FIG. 7 laser 51 comprises gain medium 52, preferably Nd:YVO4. The cavity is optically pumped by source 53. The nonlinear crystal is element 56. However, in this embodiment, etalon 52 is bonded to etalon 57, the Nd:GdVO4 element, by suitable bonding means 58. This composite gain medium is bonded to crystal 56 by bonding means 59.
Similarly, in FIG. 8, gain medium 62 of laser 61 is pumped by source 63 and is appropriately secured to crystal 66 through dielectric spacer 68. At the other end of crystal 66 is another spacer 69 to which is connected Nd:GdVO4 element 67. Any face securing means, as previously discussed, may be employed.
Due to the relatively broad 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 emission centered at ˜914 nm in Nd:YVO4 with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) emission bandwidth of ˜3.5 nm it is often difficult to obtain narrow linewidth laser emission and/or single longitudinal mode operation. Ideally a narrow bandwidth spectral filter could be used inside the laser cavity to effectively narrow the emission bandwidth. Glass elations are often used but they tend to be difficult to implement. Here we disclose the use of an intracavity Nd:GdVO4 element as a spectral filter for the Nd:YVO4 laser. This is possible since the Nd:GdVO4 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 absorption transition is shifted by about 2 nm relative to the Nd:YVO4 emission transition and is centered at about 912 nm with a FWHM of about 2.8 nm. Thus when the Nd:GdVO4 is placed inside a Nd:YVO4 laser cavity the short wavelength portion of the Nd:YVO4 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 914 nm emission is absorbed by the Nd:GdVO4 which gives rise to a narrowing of the emission bandwidth. By specifying the neodymium concentration in the Nd:GdVO4, the absorption of the spectral filter can be optimized for laser performance. The narrowing of the net emission bandwidth allows for a more efficient SHG process in the nonlinear crystal due to the finite spectral acceptance of the nonlinear crystal.
The above composite cavity discussion is illustrated in FIGS. 9A, 9B and 9C. FIG. 9A shows the 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 emission transition at ˜914 nm of the Nd:YVO4 element 52, 62 in FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively. The 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 absorption transition at ˜912 nm of the Nd:GdVO4 element 57, 67 is depicted in FIG. 9B. The resulting net 4 F3/2 →4 I9/2 emission of Nd:YVO4 with intracavity Nd:GdVO4 is shown in FIG. 9C. The 914 nm emission is shown as a narrowed peak.
As a general matter the gain and spectral filter crystals are preferably less than 2 mm thick. The nonlinear frequency doubling crystal would typically be less than ˜10 mm long from face 18,28,42 to output face 15,25,35. The same is true for crystals 56 and 66 in FIGS. 7 and 8.
While the preferred embodiment calls for both external end faces 14 and 15 to be flat and parallel, that is not necessary for functioning of the invention. The input face may be convex, as is face 44 in FIG. 5. The output face 45 (FIG. 6) could be convex. Either face could alternatively be concave. In either case the radius of curvature is greater than the distances between the faces of the etalon.
There are several features of the invention which are of significance. One is the use of vanadate to produce blue light in a thin crystal microlaser. Another is that the gain medium is made of uniaxial crystal having polarized emission, providing better properties for frequency doubling. Still another important feature is that the output of the composite cavity is polarized. Other operational advantages arise from the fact that the gain medium has strong broad absorption bands, more than 2 nm FWHM. By way of contrast, a Nd:YAG crystal has narrow absorption bands, less than 1.5 nm FWHM.
From the foregoing description, it will be observed that numerous variations, alternatives and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the manner of carrying out the invention. Various changes may be made, materials substituted and separate features of the invention may be utilized. For example, the precise geometric shape of lasant material 12 can be varied-crystal 12 can be circular or rectangular in shape. If desired, the gain crystal can be end-pumped by an optical fiber. The bonding of one crystal to another can be by optical contact, diffusion bonding, or by use of index matching fluid optical epoxies, among others. The drawing figures are schematic only, intended to show element relationships, but not to depict specific sizes and shapes. Thus, it will be appreciated that various modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. It is, of course, intended to cover by the appended claims all such modifications involved within the scope of the claims.
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|Arrangement for generating asymmetrical green laser beam
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|Structure and method for packaging high-power blue-green laser chip
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|Bonded periodically poled optical nonlinear crystals
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|Jin Tiafeng
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|Reinhard Bruch
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|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
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|U.S. Classification
|372/41, 372/99, 372/92, 372/66, 372/21, 372/22, 372/36, 372/98, 372/108
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 17, 1994
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