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1950 Ford Deluxe Base 3.7L
Price: US $14,000.00 Item location: Cotulla, Texas, United States
- Condition: Used
- Make: Ford
- Model: Deluxe
- Type: U/K
- Trim: Base
- Year: 1950
- Mileage: 28,731
- Color: Blue
- Engine size: 3.7L 3704CC 226Cu. In. l6 GAS L-HEAD Naturally Aspirated
- Number of cylinders: 6
- Fuel: Gasoline
- Transmission: Manual
- Drive type: U/K
- Interior color: Gray
- Vehicle Title: Clear Want to buy? Contact seller!
1950 Ford DeluxeYou are bidding on a 1950 Ford Deluxe Fordor. This car was built in late 1949, nd I have owned it since 2009. I believe I am the fourth or fifth owner.It is a four door six cylinder, tandard transmission car. It has been kept as original as possible, s complete, nd is a nice driver.The areas I have worked on are as follows:Fuel System: Rebuilt the carburator, oiled out the gas tank, nd added a new fuel pump. I also cleaned out the fuel lines and added a gas gauge sending unit.Ignition System: New points, otor, nd distributor cap. New ignition switch. New plugs and wires.Cooling System: Boiled out the radiator and added new hoses.Brake System: Rebuilt the wheelcylinders and rebuilt the master cylinder.Transmission and drive lines: nothing done.Exterior: New tires. New hub caps.Interior: New seats, oor panels and headliner. The car comes with extra parts, ocumentation, hotographs, rophies, nd more. This car is a solid driver and would make a great car for a new collector who does not want to do much restoring.
Conditions of the sale: A non refundable deposit of $500.00 needs to be paid within seven days of winning the bid. Following that the balance is payable within a week in cash or back check. When the check clears, he title is given to the buyer. The car must be picked up within a agreed upon time between seller and buyer. The buyer is responsible for all shipping costs.Note: This car has been represented honestly. There is no warrenty expressed or implied. Thanks for looking and please ask questions.


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Stephanie Yarber of Muscle Shoals received a transplant of ovarian tissue in April 2004 from her identical twin, Melanie Morgan. Morgan has three children, but Yarber's ovaries shut down at age 14, according to a report posted online Tuesday by The New England Journal of Medicine.
The article does not identify the sisters, but press accounts about the ovary transplant last year did. Obstetrician/gynecologist Braden Richmond, who delivered Yarber's daughter at a hospital in Russellville, Ala., confirmed their identity.
Richmond says Yarber works in a bank, and her sister, who was at her bedside throughout her labor and delivery, is studying to become a nurse.
Infertility specialist Sherman Silber performed the ovary transplant at St. Luke's Hospital in St. Louis. Richmond says Yarber located Silber by scouring the Internet.
Yarber had had two failed in vitro fertilization procedures with embryos created with her sister's eggs and the sperm of her husband, Kevin, Silber and his co-authors write. Richmond says Morgan also had volunteered to serve as a surrogate, but Yarber "really wanted to carry her own."
Morgan had her left ovary removed under general anesthesia. Silber than attached pieces of the outer layer of Morgan's ovary to her sister's ovaries. Yarber experienced her first menstrual period in a decade 80 days after receiving her sister's ovarian tissue. And five weeks after her second menstrual period, 176 days after the transplant, an ultrasound exam revealed a normal pregnancy.
James Grifo, head of reproductive endocrinology at NYU Medical Center, called Yarber's pregnancy an "amazing feat" but cautioned that "this is for a very limited group."
Few women whose ovaries shut down prematurely have a fertile identical twin, Grifo says. If a woman were to receive ovarian tissue from a donor who wasn't an identical match, she would have to take drugs to prevent her immune system from rejecting it. Such drugs carry potentially serious risks and cannot be taken during pregnancy, Grifo says.
Reproductive endocrinologist John Schnorr of the Medical University of South Carolina says that unless the rejection issue is resolved, the main infertility treatment for ovarian failure remains in vitro fertilization with donor eggs.
A Belgian woman gave birth in September after doctors implanted a bit of her own ovarian tissue that had been removed and frozen before she began cancer therapy. However, Schnorr says, her pregnancy could have resulted from ovarian tissue doctors had left intact.

subset: commoncrawl


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Beautiful home decor items and artistic gifts
The Stores
Discover unique art and design
At Garden Of Delights, you will find beautiful, unique items for any occasion. All items are made to order by our manufacturing partners, and offer 100% satisfaction guarantee.
For any questions in regard to custom orders and art licensing, please contact Maya Greenwood at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Domain Name: SWEETGAME.BIZ
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>>>> Whois database was last updated on: Fri Jul 21 01:01:13 GMT 2017 <<<<
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Twitter gets a lot of bad press these days, mostly when some high profile person leaves the service after being subjected to a deluge of hateful tweets.
The good news is the company is finally trying to do something about its issues. In an update yesterday the company announced both policy and technology updates aimed at making Twitter a less hostile space.
First, they've changed their "Violence and Threats" policy to cover a broader range of offenses. Where the rule used to prohibit "direct, specific threats of violence against others" it now says "You may not publish or post threats of violence against others or promote violence against others." This gives the support team more leeway in what they can take action against.
And speaking of action, support has a new tool to use against abusive users. They can now lock their account for a specific amount of time, in addition to existing actions like requiring users to delete specific tweets or provide a telephone number.
On the technology side, Twitter is testing a feature that will automatically identify abusive tweets and "limit their reach." The system takes into account things like account age and how similar a tweet is to tweets that have been flagged as abusive from the support team. It's not clear exactly what "limit their reach" means but Twitter says the system "will not affect your ability to see content that you've explicitly sought out, such as Tweets from accounts you follow, but instead is designed to help us limit the potential harm of abusive content."
It'll be interesting to see how much this helps. Preventing abusive tweets from being seen by the intended recipient seems to me like treating the symptom rather than the disease, but any progress towards cleaning up the service is good news.
In an unrelated (and at first glance, completely contrary) announcement earlier this week, Twitter rolled out a new option: the ability to receive Direct Messages from anyone, not just people who you follow (and who follow you). This new feature is off by default, and is found under the Security and Privacy section of your settings.
I don't think Twitter created this option for regular users, but I can see where it would be helpful for companies who do customer support via Twitter. Several times I've looked to get support from a company and the first step always involves me following them, and them following me, so I can then DM them an account number or some other data that I wouldn't want to share publicly. If a corporate Twitter account had the new option turned on I could skip that step and go right to DMing them any requested info.
So a nice tool for some company accounts but I would strongly urge individuals to leave that option turned off!


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I stayed here for only one night but it was a night well spent. The room that we got was very clean with updated furniture which included two bed side tables, a table and chair and a mini kitchen area with a thermos.The tv was...More
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"Room on the top floor gives you a spectacular view and very sunny in the afternoon. The lower floor is less..."
"Have no idea what the other rooms look like but I stayed in number 19 and it was great."
"If you want terrible service but a room was a great view this is your place!"


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Softball Returns Home to Host Auburn
March 13, 2009
LEXINGTON, Ky. - After four consecutive weeks on the road the Kentucky softball team will play for the first time in the friendly confines of the UK Softball Complex when they welcome Auburn for a three-game set this weekend. Kentucky and Auburn will play a doubleheader on Saturday and conclude with a single game on Sunday. Both days will start at 1 p.m. ET.
The Blue and White enjoyed an impressive mid-week sweep of Morehead State on Tuesday. Junior Molly Johnson was spectacular at the plate going 5-for-8 in the two games. Her final hit was her biggest though, as she knocked in a three-run home run to propel UK to a 4-3 victory. Kentucky also got a solid performance from sophomore Meagan Aull who went 3-for-7 for the day.
In the circle, both Amber Matousek and Chanda Bell recorded victories. Bell struck out 11 batters in the 5-1 first-of-the day win, for her fifth game this season that she has tallied 10 or more strikeouts in a game.
Auburn was last in action when they swept Ole Miss to open the conference season a week ago. The Tigers are 20-6 overall and are receiving votes in both top-25 polls. UK and Auburn have met 33 times on the diamond with the Tigers holding a 24-9 series record, although 11 games have been decided by just a single run including two games last season.
Auburn has posted two wins this season over top-25 opponents in North Carolina and Cal to open the year. UK and Auburn have both played Morehead State in the non-conference slate. The Tigers earned a 2-0 win over the Eagles in the very early part of the season, while UK just claimed a doubleheader sweep of the Eagles on Tuesday.
The Tigers are currently led by Myesha Finney at the plate. She is batting .383 with a team-best five home runs and 14 RBI. In the circle, Auburn is paced by Anna Thompson and Jenee Loree who have a combined 18-6 record. However the two have only posted 55 strikeouts between the two of them to date in comparison to UK's Bell who has 93 alone.
Live stats and complete coverage will be available at UK's official homepage at UKathletics.com.


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Updates on the Second Printing of Vast: The Crystal Caverns
- The first wave of games have arrived and have been shipped out. Many Kickstarter backers should already have received their games. Follow our updates on Kickstarter for more detailed information.
- If you're in Austin, come see us at the SXSW Gaming Expo in Booth 1932 and vote for us in the Gamer's Voice Awards – Multiplayer Category! We have copies of the game and are doing demos and play tests of the add-on role prototypes. You can also demo DEEP, our upcoming space exploration game. Read more about DEEP on Board Game Geek.
- Pre-orders are open again on BackerKit. Everything will ship with the next wave in August.
- We were at PAX East and presented in a panel gaming with your kids. See the full panel here.
Special thanks to Atlas Games for helping us with this shipment. Also, check out this sweet preview art for DEEP from Kyle Ferrin:
*rubs hands together* Oh ho! What's this I see? @LederGames @Samuel_W_Bailey #boardgames #scifi
Are you as pumped as I am? pic.twitter.com/udko3DCpzi
— Kyle Ferrin @ SXSW (@d20plusmodifier) March 8, 2017
Vast: The Crystal Caverns Second Printing is now available to pre-order on BackerKit!
Vast: The Crystal Caverns – Second Printing & Miniatures is live on Kickstarter!
In order to bridge the gap PayPal created by reserving my preorder funds I am doing another Kickstarter run for Vast: The Crystal Caverns. Please consider supporting. Previous backers there are goodies there for you too, from miniatures to revised and clarified rules to stretch goals for additional roles. Check it out on Kickstarter now.


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calling a wordpress function in non wordpress folder
I have a relatively simple problem. In order to minimize the server load, I would like this wordpress function to be executed every x seconds, and not each time each visitor visits my blog:
function sc_safe_random() { global $wpdb; $query = "SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_type = 'post' AND post_password = '' AND post_status = 'publish' ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1"; $random_id = $wpdb->get_var( $query ); return get_permalink($random_id); }
this function returns random post. then I would need to call it in ie. http://www.mysite.com/random/index.php with:
<a href="<?php echo sc_safe_random() ?>">a random post
how can I achieve this, since mysite.com/random isn't part of the wordpress? (calling this function), as well as how do I ie. set previous function to be executed each second by server, or only when random/index.php is called wihtout cronjob?
I do all of this because of my wp caching which can't ignore the random redirect, and when it does, it still uses mass server load. the solution in my head was to call this function ie. each second, then it would return different link in http://www.mysite.com/random/index.php redirect link each time
- The topic 'calling a wordpress function in non wordpress folder' is closed to new replies.


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San Jose Sharks Sign 18-year-old Fan with Heart Condition to One-Day Contract
18-year-old Sam Tageson has struggled with a congenital heart defect his whole life, and he has been a fan of the San Jose Sharks almost as long, so the team and the Make-A-Wish foundation joined together to give Tageson a day he will never forget.
The teen got to hang out with the team in the locker room, got his own jersey, and became the first non-player to skate through the team's shark's mouth entrance.
Things get very emotional, very fast at the 30 second mark, so you might want to start scrambling for some kleenex, ASAP.


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It turns out the colour I wanted to use in the crease (Death Star) was so patchy and dry, that it just wasn't working for me. I'd applied Ewok Pajama Party all over the lid over Pixie Epoxy and it looked great (although darker than I thought it would), but the crease was a disaster. I ended up having to use black heavily in the crease to contrast the dark lid colour, and then I applied Death Star to the edges of the black to blend it out. It was terribly messy and I just had to give up at a point.
Burgundy and grey, with a hint of purple.
So having learned my lesson, today I didn't bother trying to use the VDC eyeshadows dry. I applied Pixie Epoxy all over the lid and along the lower lashline. Then I used Tuxedo Mask all over the lid and Ewok Pajama Party along the lower lashline. I used the crease colour from the right-hand side of the Wet n Wild Petal Pusher palette (swatches will be coming soon) in the crease and then gently patted some Ewok Pajama Party over the top. I finished with Urban Decay Virgin on the browbone and inner corner.
So while I adore how my new VDC shadows look over a sticky base, I wouldn't even bother trying to use them dry: it's an exercise in futility. Kassie from Unique Desire (www.unique-desire.com) said as much in my swatch post and unfortunately, she's absolutely right. I'd still buy more of them, but at least now I know how they need to be worn. I just love these colours!


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Mass customization as a new competitive strategy for North American wood furniture enterprises
- Job Sullivan
- 2 years ago
- Views:
1 Mass customization as a new competitive strategy for North American wood furniture enterprises Torsten Lihra Urs Buehlmann and Robert Beauregard June Working Paper DT--RB-1 Chaire Industrielle sur les Bois d Ingénierie Structuraux et d Apparence (CIBISA) Network Organization Technology Research Center (CENTOR) Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P, CIBISA, Forintek Corp., Centor,
2 Mass customization of wood furniture: Literature review and application potential T. Lihra Value Added Department Forintek Corp. U. Buehlmann Wood and Paper Science North Carolina State University R. Beauregard Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt Université Laval Abstract Imported furniture is increasingly threatening the US furniture industry.. Mass customization (MC) may be a strategy for US manufacturers to keep a competitive edge. This paper introduces a MC concept and uses four furniture industry sub sectors (wood household furniture, wood office furniture, upholstery furniture, and wood kitchen cabinets) to indicate a possible correlation between the level of customization offered by each of these four industry sub-sectors and their success in maintaining domestic market share. Observations indicate that the U.S. kitchen cabinet industry offers the highest level of MC of all furniture sub-sectors analyzed. The domestic kitchen cabinet industry is not loosing market share to offshore imports. The wood household furniture industry sub-sector, on the other hand, offers little or no customization for consumers and suffers large market share losses from imported products. The study supports the notion that MC can strengthen the domestic furniture industry's competitive position relative to offshore producers. Keywords: Mass Customization, Personalization, Furniture 1 INTRODUCTION Increasing furniture demand in North America has been forecasted by Bullard and West [1]. Age and income structure of the American population give reason to estimate moderate but continuous increase of furniture sales in the USA. The main question for North American furniture manufacturers is who will produce the furniture to satisfy the North American market. The domestic industry is facing competition from low labour cost countries, which increasingly export their products to the USA. Schuler and Buehlmann [] stated that furniture demand is significantly influenced by demographics. The American population is characterized by the presence of about million baby boomers. This group represents the most important market segment for the furniture industry. To satisfy their needs, price may not be the only sales argument. Schuler and Buehlmann [] forecast an increasing market share of customized products for the decades to come (figure 1). The publication at hand then hypothesizes that the level of mass customization (MC) offered by an industry sub-sector is negatively correlated with the loss of market share of domestic furniture manufacturers. % % % % % % Standardized 3 Customized Figure 1: Market share of standardized, mass produced versus customized products []. The objective of the present paper is the discussion of the implementation of MC concepts by the US wood household furniture industry, the US wood office furniture industry, the US upholstery furniture industry and the US wood kitchen cabinet industry and its implications on market success. MASS CUSTOMIZATION CONCEPT Stanley M. Davis [3] in 197 introduced the term «mass customization» in his book Future Perfect. He described mass customization (MC) as a trend towards the production and distribution of individually customized goods and services for mass markets. The idealized definition of the concept may be stated as a business strategy for profitably providing customers with anything they want, at anytime, anywhere, in any way []. Being an ideal, that definition can only be approached but never perfectly accomplished by a company. A more practical description of MC relates to the ability of a business entity to provide customized products or services in high volumes with short lead time through flexible processes at costs similar to standardized mass products [] []. Pine [] considers MC as the historical successor of mass production while Kotha [7] as well as Westbrook and Williamson [] see it as a system that may co-exist with mass production. Products can be customized in many different ways but MC is always achieved without manufacturing products to stock. Taxonomies for MC and manufacturing without finished goods inventories are proposed by numerous authors [] [9] [] [11]. Montreuil and Poulin [] proposed an eight options personalisation framework that is adapted to the furniture manufacturing industry by the authors of this publication: 1. Popularizing: A limited number of products match a wide variety of customer needs, for those who want off-the-shelf products. Focus on evolving the popular product mix in line with evolving customer needs.. Varietizing: Extensive mix of products to satisfy almost all customer needs. Retailers pick those they want to offer off-the-
3 shelf and rely on quick delivery from the distribution network for fast replenishment. 3. Accessorizing: A limited set of core products matched with a wide array of accessories. Final assembly of accessorized products performed to order either by the customer, the retailer or the manufacturer.. Configuring: Configuring means that customers define the desired product through the setting of parameters and the selection of options. He is guided through the specification process by the retailer or the manufacturer.. Tailoring: Product designed/engineered to customer needs. The customer is closely involved in the product specification and realization process.. Servicing: Servicing, an option added by the authors refers to a design service provided by the manufacturer or the retailer. The customer is assisted to develop a complete living concept including furniture, accessories, mouldings, wallpaper etc. 7. Adjusting: Product adjusted to customer needs after usage. The product has to be adaptable to offer options to allow for adjustments. Distributed information systems capture customer feedback.. Monitoring: Product is replaced by more adequate product as the customer needs evolve, ensuring continually a best-fitting product. This involves ongoing, regular and interactive customer feedback. Adapting MC is a strategic decision with impact on the organisational structure of a business. However, MC has the potential to uncover revenue drivers that might otherwise be forgone or be seized by competitors []. Kotha [13] also sees MC as a competitive advantage for a first mover, although this advantage may be fleeting. A company that finds itself and its competitors offering similar levels of MC, might discard MC as a competitive edge [9]. In such cases, MC is just a core characteristic of the business permitting it to stay at level with competitors. As discussed in more detail later, use of MC strategies in the furniture manufacturing industry vary from one subsector to another. MC might be considered as a competitive edge in one sub-sector and be part of the core characteristics of business practices in another. Benefits of MC are more often related to customer and market impact than to costs and profits []. The example of the National Bicycle Industrial Company (NBIC) of Japan may be cited to confirm that statement [7] [13] [1]. NBIC produces three bicycle brands: while the National and the Hikari brands are mass produced, the Panasonic brand is mass customized and mass produced. The pilot plant for Panasonic MC bicycles was built in 197, a period where the Japanese bicycle industry recorded decreasing sales. NBIC offered a hybrid of tailored and accessorized personalization. Bicycle frames were built as a function of customer anthropometrics, mechanical accessories were added upon request and a wide range of finishing options (including the printing of the customers name on the frame) were available. In the first two years of operation, orders for personalized bicycles at NBIC increased by %. NBIC had the competitive edge to be the first bicycle manufacturer offering personalized products. In 199 personalized products at NBIC represented only % of their total production while 9% were still being mass produced. However, the introduction of MC bicycles had an important impact on customers' perception of NBICS brand name and undoubtedly increased NBIC s core business mass produced bicycles [7] [13] [1]. 3 MASS CUSTOMIZATION AND THE WOOD FURNITURE INDUSTRY MC has been mentioned as one of the strategies for North American furniture manufacturers to stay competitive in a context of global competition [1] [] [1] [17] [1]. It also has been widely noted that the four furniture industry subsectors (household casegoods, upholstered, kitchen and office) have widely differing levels of MC adaptation. These four industry sub-sectors are also characterized by different levels of competition from imported products. In 1, the United States imported almost % of all wood household casegood furniture, while less than % of all kitchen cabinetry came from outside the country [17]. While those two industries do appear to have different levels of MC adaptation, the correlation between MC and level of imported product has never been established. Other factors, such as lean manufacturing practices or supply chain alliances are commonly expected to have an impact on the level of imports, too. However, it is interesting to note that all these manufacturing factors listed are precursors of successful MC adaptation. An argument can be made that furniture, given its prevalence in human life and its use as a status symbol, is extremely suited for the concept of MC [] [17] [19]. If customers pay premiums for customized computer, cars or clothes, furniture products would seem to present similar opportunities. From a manufacturing viewpoint, all furniture products, e.g. household casegoods, upholstered, office or kitchen cabinetry, follow similar processes and could be produced as MC products. Distribution and sales channels, while being different for the different sub-sectors, could support MC. Yet, it appears that the kitchen cabinet and office furniture industries have pursued MC strategies more extensively than did the wooden casegoods and upholstered furniture industries. The impression is that there may be a correlation between the level of imported furniture sold in the U.S. market and the level of MC adaptation. While no conclusive evidence can be offered due to the complexity of such industry-wide analysis, data is presented below to support this proposition. 3.1 Wooden casegoods household furniture (NAICS 337 ) A typical wood casegoods household furniture plant may produce or more different furniture collections. Each of these collections may count for about 1 furniture items. Design and construction are seldom standardized or modularized. Given that one collection represents to components, the total number of components may reach,. Production planning is centralized using MRP II type software based on market forecasts. The plant layout is often a mixture of job shop and flow shop layout and production operates in push mode []. Buffer stock is present at the input and output sides of each process resulting in a high level of work in progress (WIP). Finished furniture is inventoried and distributed from the factory to retail stores. Despite the high level of inventory that such a plant carries, customer order response time is generally between six and twelve weeks. The wooden casegood household furniture industry is mainly operating in a ship-to-order mode. Little personalization is possible under such condition.
4 Personalization offered is limited to things that can be altered late in the production process, such as different numbers of shelves or different hardware. Often, a range of different colors is offered, however, collections in different colors are kept in inventory and thus do not necessarily classify as MC products. Wooden casegood furniture typically is bought by customers looking at models in a showroom, then selecting the items they like in the color they are most attracted to and take it off-theshelf or wait for delivery. In regard to the previously presented MC model, the wooden casegoods household industry offers popularizing, varietizing and accessorizing options. Figure presents total wood household furniture imports over five years as well as from the two leading import countries, and [1] []. are presented in and imports from the leading countries are presented as a percentage of the domestic production minus exports. The later indicates the presence of US manufacturers on their domestic market and may be considered as a measure of domestic market control. In Figure, domestic production exports and total imports refers to the right axis (in ), while imports from the leading countries refers to the left axis (as a percentage of U.S. domestic production - exports). According to Figure, domestically made and sold wood household furniture increased slightly from 1997 to 1999 and remainded stable until at roughly $ billions. replaced as the number one wood household furniture exporting country to the U.S. in. These numbers show that the U.S. domestic producers have not been able to take advantage of a growing domestic retail market which grew from $. billions in 1997 to $19. billions in. Imports are gaining market share reaching 3% of the US made US sold casegoods with gaining the most. Typically, for a product offering little options for personalization, price, quality, and order fulfilment time are the main sales arguments [1] [] [7]. As discussed previously, U.S. wooden casegood furniture manufacturers are not known to offer significantly faster order fulfillment than do off-shore manufacturers. Quality often is not different for products from different origins. Under those conditions, price becomes the most important sales argument. However, as the statistics show, domestic manufacturers fare poorly in markets where competition is based on price [3]. 3. Upholstered furniture (NAICS 337 1) Upholstered furniture manufacturing consists of two distinct processes: the construction of an internal frame and the upholstery process. Components for construction of the internal frame are mainly produced from plywood. They are cut out with panel saws, band saws, or CNC routers after which components are assembled to a frame by using staples, screws and nails. In parallel to the frame production, foam and fabric or leather is cut to the required shape to fit the frame and installed. The upholstered furniture then is packaged and either put in inventory or shipped to retail stores. In Figure 3, upholstered furniture imports to the U.S. are presented as a total and from the four leading import countries Italy,, Mexico, and between 1997 [1] []. are presented in and imports from the leading countries are presented as a percentage of domestic U.S. production minus exports. The value of upholstered furniture produced and sold in the U.S. increased from $ billion in 1997 to $. billion in. Overall imports are low (1% of US made US sold products in ) compared to wooden casegood household furniture. The leading country of export to the US is Italy, but its share of the upholstered furniture market decreased from % in to 3% in (measured as a percentage of U.S. domestic production sold in the U.S.). gained market share from almost no exports to the U.S. market in 1997 to 3% in. The U.S. upholstered furniture industry protects its market share much more successfully than does, for example, the wooden casegood household industry. It can be argued that upholstered furniture offers a higher level of personalization to customers. Customers generally have an impressive choice of fabrics and colors when buying upholstered furniture. Accessorizing is the prevalent option offered by that industry. The final assembly using the specified fabric option chosen by the customer is conducted in an assemble-to-order mode by the factory. Thus, logistics may represent a barrier for offshore imports. However, since communication is simple, reliable Figure : of wood household furniture in billion $ and imports from the leading countries as a percentage of U.S.-made\U.S.-sold wood household furniture.
5 3 1 Mexico Italy Figure 3: of upholstered furniture in billion $ and imports from the leading import countries as a percentage of U.S.-made\U.S.-sold wood household furniture. and inexpensive, thanks to the Internet, and air cargo transportation is becoming more prevalent, this competitive advantage is eroding. Only recently, a Chinese upholstery furniture company started to offer personalized furniture through the Internet (www.shangrilachina.com). However, MC concepts for upholstered furniture industry can be advanced. An example would be to integrate ergonomics into a personalized piece of upholstered furniture (meaning a switch from accessorizing to configuring or tailoring). Such a strategy would make the manufacture and distribution of upholstery much more complex and may offer domestic producers a way to stay ahead of foreign competition. 3.3 Wood office furniture (NAICS ) The wood office furniture industry is a much more consolidated industry than is, for example, the wooden casegood household industry. However, with the emergence of the home office, the distinction between these two industries is somewhat blurred. Processes used to produce wooden office furniture are similar to the 3 casegood industry, with the difference that more wood composite boards are employed. Also, office furniture has to be seen more as a system, where different types of furniture (such as, for example, partitioning walls, desks and cabinets) have to correspond with each other in a modular system. Thus, the complexity of office furniture is higher for office furniture compared to casegoods. Figure presents wood office furniture imports over the last five years as a total of imports and also shows imports from the two leading import countries, and [1] []. of wood office furniture are presented in and imports from the leading countries are presented as a percentage of domestic U.S. production minus exports. U.S. production sold domestically increased from $.9 billion in 1997 to $.1 billion in. By it had decreased to $.7 billion due to the September 1 events. is the leading wood office furniture exporter to the U.S. market., traditionally having an import market share fluctuating around % of the production made and sold domestically in the U.S., it took a leap to nearly % Figure : of wood office furniture in billion $ and imports from the leading import countries as a percentage of U.S.-made\U.S.-sold wood household furniture.
6 in. Due to the burst of the.com bubble in 1, US made office furniture sales decreased significantly from to, particularly from 1 to. The dollar value of Canadian imports decreased from to 1 but kept nearly stable from 1 to. Because Canadian imports are given as a percentage of US made US sold products, it gained relative importance over that period. From 1997 to, imports from increased from. to 3.7%. Wood office furniture manufacturers have taken advantage of MC to varying degrees. Modularized products (configuring) and accessorizing are the most common approaches taken. However, individual furniture modules are typically inventoried by the manufacturer. To create an office space, end users consult product catalogs or visit a store to make a selection based on their preferences. Generally, no guidance by sales representatives is necessary to conduct configuration. It can be argued that the mixed module orders and the accessorization offered by office producers may be one of the barriers to off-shore imports. has been able to take advantage of its closeness to US markets and the favourable Canadian dollar exchange rates over the 1997 period. However, most companies have yet to discover and deploy the full potential of MC. Ship-to-order strategies result in high levels of inventory and limit options for customization. While the wood office furniture industry has begun to explore MC, it still has not taken yet advantage of the entire potential of MC. 3. Wood kitchen cabinets (NAICS 337 1) Broadly defined, wood kitchen cabinets consist of cases with shelves or drawers and fronts. Cases and shelves are generally made from wood-based composite boards in rough, melamine laminated or veneered form. Fronts and drawers may be made from solid wood or composite boards. To ship a complete kitchen, all units of a given order are often processed as one batch. However, fronts, drawers, shelves and cases may be processed in different departments or even different facilities. The kitchen cabinet industry has some of the most advanced systems to facilitate such a dispersed production. The parts will join each other at the assembly lines. Appliances, however, may be shipped directly to the installation site. Figure presents wood kitchen cabinet imports between 1997 to as a total and from and, the 3 two leading exporters to the U.S. [1] []. are presented in and imports from the leading countries, as a percentage of the domestic production minus exports. The value of U.S.-made-U.S.-sold wood kitchen cabinets increased continuously from $9 billion in 1997 to $ billion in. Overall import share is low at % of US made US sold products in., the leading exporter to the U.S. represents about 3% of the domestic U.S. production sold in the U.S., the second most important exporter of kitchen cabinets to the U.S., shipped less than 1% of the domestic U.S. production sold in the U.S in. The U.S. kitchen cabinet manufacturers do not appear to be under pressure from international competitors. The U.S. companies were able to take full advantage of an expanding US market and have grown domestic sales by % from 1997 to. Canadian imports are stable and Chinese competition is not a threat to US manufacturers. MC is widely implemented in the kitchen cabinet industry. Configuring was implemented decades ago. Parts standardization and the use of sectional modularity to decrease variety in the manufacturing system is prevalent throughout the industry. IT implementation and the use of the Internet have nearly eliminated information transfer related delays. An argument can be made that this maketo-order manufacturing strategy of the kitchen cabinet industry presents an important barrier to offshore imports. CONCLUSIONS Reviewing domestic production and import data of furniture from 1997 to, it appears that standardized, commodity-like products are more likely to loose market share to international competitors. Based on the data presented, this paper supports the proposition that more customized products are helping domestic manufacturers to successfully compete against imports. If so, MC would then appear to be a business strategy that can be successfully used to fend off fierce offshore competition, at least to a large extend. The term MC was coined in 197 by Stanley [3] who described the concept of MC as producing products and services that are tailored according to individual customer needs and preferences. The MC taxonomy adopted by this paper consists of eight personalization options: popularizing, varietizing, accessorizing, configuring, tailoring, servicing, adjusting, and monitoring. Each one of Figure : of wood kitchen cabinets in billion $ and imports from the leading import countries as a percentage of U.S.-made\U.S.-sold wood household furniture.
7 these eight options entails a different degree of customization at different stages of a product's life cycle. Since customers do not pay an unlimited premium on MC products, MC requires manufacturers to control product costs. Since all MC products, by definition, are make-toorder, short lead time is required. Both goals can be achieved by product standardization, the involvement of IT, a lean manufacturing process and a dynamic network of suppliers. To support the proposition that MC is a successful way to compete against international competitors, domestic production and import data for four furniture industry sectors were analyzed (wooden casegood household furniture, upholstered furniture, office furniture, and kitchen cabinetry). This evidence seems to indicate that the different levels of personalized products offered by the different furniture industry sub-sectors is correlated to domestic market success. The U.S. kitchen cabinet industry that offers the highest level of product customization, is not greatly affected by imports. Conversely, the wooden casegood household furniture industry that manufactures products with the lowest level of customization of the four industry sub-sectors researched is heavily affected by imports. Upholstered furniture and wood office furniture are in between those two sectors, with both sub-sectors offering a certain degree of MC implementation. Clearly, based on the successes reported in other manufacturing industries such as PC s (Dell), bicycles (NBIC) or clothes (Land s End), MC promises large rewards for companies that can come up and implement a successful MC strategy. REFERENCES [1] Bullard S. H., West C. D.,, Furniture manufacturing and marketing: Eight strategic issues for the 1 st century, Forest and Willife Research Center, Bulletin FP 7, Mississipi, pages. [] Schuler, A., Buehlmann, U., 3, Identifying future competitive business strategies for the US residential wood furniture industry: Benchmarking and paradigm shifts, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report GTR-NE-31, 1 pages. [3] Davis, S. M., 197, Future Perfect, Addison Wesley Publishing Company. Reading, MA, 3 pages. [] Hart, C. W. L., 199, Mass customization conceptual underpinnings, opportunities and limits, MCB University Press, International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. /: 3-. [] Silveira, G. Da, Borenstein, D., Fogliatto, F. S., 1, Mass customization: Literature review and research directions, Elsevier Science B.V. Int. J. Production Economics 7: [] Pine,.J. B., 1993, Mass customization: The new frontier in business competition, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 333 pages. [7] Kotha, S., 199, Mass Customization: Implementing the Emerging Paradigm for Competitive Advantage, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 1: 1-. [] Westbrook, R., Williamson, P., 1993, Mass Customization: Japan s New Frontier, European Management Journal, Vol. 11/1: 3-. [9] Amaro, G., Hendry, L., Kingsman, B., 1999, Competitive advantage customisation and a new taxonomy for non-to-stock companies, Int. J. of Operations & Production Management, Vol 19/: [] Gilmore, J. H., Pine, J. B., 1997, The Four Faces of Mass Customization, Havard Business Review: [11] Lampel, J., Mintzberg, H., 199, Customizing Customization, Sloan Management Review: 1-3. [] Montreuil, B., Poulin, M.,, Demand and supply network design scope for personalized manufacturing, Accepted for publication by the International Journal of Production Planning and Control. [13] Kotha, S., 199a, From Mass Production to Mass Customization: The Case of the national Industry Bicycle Company of Japan, European Management Journal Vol. /: -. [] Åhlström, P, Westbrook, R., 1999, Implications of mass customization for operations management. MCB University Press, Int. J. of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 19/3: -7. [1] Kotha, S., 199b, Mass-customization: A Strategy for Knowledge Creation and Organizational Learning, IJTM, Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11/7-: -. [1] Postrel, V.,, A nimble newcomer in the staid old furniture industry, New York Times, New York, NY, February,, Section G, page. [17] Buehlmann, U., Schuler, A., Merz, D.,, Reinventing the U.S. Furniture Industry - facts and ideas, Proceedings of the keynote presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Forest Products Society - Industry Day, Forest Products Society, Madison, WI. [1] Collins, S.,, Waiting for the sofa, The Wall Street Journal, April,. page W. [19] Fletcher, J., Wolfe, A.,, Weary of catalog furniture and spurred by web retailers, homeowners are designing their own fabrics, tiles even rugs portraying the family dog, Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition), New York, Oct., Page W.1 [] Chase, R. B., Aquilano, N. J., Jacobs, F. R., 199, Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing and Services, th edition, Irwin/McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA, 9 pages. [1] US Census Bureau, WEB site: m, Accessed on December nd to th. [] United States International Trade Comission (USITC), WEB site: Accessed on December nd to th. [3] Buehlmann, U., Schuler, A.,, Benchmarking the wood household furniture industry in a global market, Wood Digest, November, pages -7.
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text:
SEATTLE (AP) Lauren Jackson scored 10 of her 24 points in the third quarter and the Seattle Storm beat Detroit 75-67 on Saturday night, ending the Shock's six-game winning streak.
GAME REPORT: Storm 75, Shock 67
Seattle (6-3) jumped off to a fast start and held off a late rally by the Shock to snap their own two-game skid.
Jackson shot 9-for-11 from the field and made all five of her free throws. She had six rebounds, five assists and three blocked shots.
"Lauren is a tremendously tough matchup for everybody because she's so versatile and can score from anywhere on the floor," Seattle coach Brian Agler said.
The Storm held Detroit's red-hot Katie Smith to 18 points after she had scored 30 and 33 points in her previous two games.
"Katie's on a roll," Agler said. "She didn't get her 30 tonight, she got 18, so we held her under her weekly average."
Sheryl Swoopes had 15 points and Sue Bird added 14 points and eight assists for the Storm, who have won nine straight at home dating back to last season — just.one short of the franchise record 10 consecutive wins in 2006.
Smith scored 11 points in the final quarter for Detroit (7-2). Kara Braxton had 14 points and made a career-high eight free throws. Plenette Pierson added nine points and 10 rebounds.
"We didn't make a lot of shots early and got off to a slow start," Smith said. "We dug ourselves a hole and hung around that six-to-12-point margin and couldn't quite get over the hump."
Detroit cut a 12-point deficit to 69-63 on two free throws by Braxton with 2:35 remaining. But back-to-back three-pointers by Bird and Swoopes gave the Storm a 75-63 lead.
"They were in a zone and to make a zone pay, you've got to knock down your open shots," Bird said. "I just let it fly."
Agler enjoyed the three-pointer by Swoopes.
"It was a vintage Sheryl Swoopes three-point shot late in the game, which was a big shot for us," Agler said.
Jackson hit a three and all four of her shots from the field in the third quarter as the Storm led by as many as 14.
"We were just trying to win," Jackson said. "We had lost two in a row and it was definitely frustrating losing. But just being able to win the way we did with everyone playing well, it felt good."
The Storm spurted to a 13-2 lead and kept at least a five-point lead the rest of the first half as the Shock struggled from the field.
Bird scored seven and Jackson had six in the second quarter to help give the Storm a 40-28 halftime lead and their most points in a half this season.
Smith had 33 in a 77-67 win over the Storm at home on Wednesday and scored 30 in an 84-70 win at Sacramento on Friday. But she shot just 1-for-8 in the first half Saturday, including 0-for-4 on threes.
Detroit guard Deanna Nolan shot 2-for-15 from the field and had five points, nine below her average.
"Our guards are where we really thrive and for our guards to shoot as poorly as they did tonight, it just put us in a little bit of hole," Detroit coach Bill Laimbeer said.
Note: Washington Gov. Chris Gregoire watched the game from courtside.
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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