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Epidemiology of HIV infection in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population of Autonomous Province (AP) Vojvodina, Serbia
- Derek Lewis
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1 PREDRAG ĐURIĆ 1, SVETLANA ILIĆ 2, VESNA TURKULOV 3, SNEŽANA BRKIĆ 3, MARTIN RUSNÁK4 1 Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina/University of Novi Sad, Faculty of medicine, Futoška 121, Novi Sad, Serbia 2 Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Futoška 121, Novi Sad, Serbia 3 Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad/ University of Novi Sad, Faculty of medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia 4 University of Trnava, Faculty for health and social care, Univerzitne namestie 1, Trnava, Slovak Republic Epidemiology of HIV infection in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population of Autonomous Province (AP) Vojvodina, Serbia Epidemiologia infekcji wirusem HIV w populacji mężczyzn współżyjących płciowo z mężczyznami (MSM) w Autonomicznej Prowincji (AP) Vojvodina w Serbii Abstract: Objectives To describe the main changes in the HIV epidemic in MSM in AP Vojvodina, influenced by the expansion of HIV testing through voluntary counselling and testing services and the availability of HIV treatment. Methods Data about voluntary counselling and testing, treatment and outcome were compared for three periods: I , when HIV testing was routinely performed only on people with haemophilia and those with manifested HIV infection; II , when the importance of sexual transmission, particularly among MSM, was recognized, but the absence of treatment possibilities and the fear of stigmatization resulted in the subsequent absence of testing promotion; III , when highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available for all HIV patients, and VCT services were established. Results One hundred and forty three (143) HIV infections have been diagnosed among MSM in the AP Vojvodina since 1985 with the majority of those specific cases having been diagnosed in the last eight years. This increase in diagnosed HIV MSM infections coincides with the broad promotion of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services and accounts for the highest number of HIV diagnoses registered in AP Vojvodina in MSM visited HIV clinics more regularly and MSM were more likely to be diagnosed in the early stage of HIV infection then other HIV cases. Conclusion Closer collaboration of VCT centres, HIV clinics and primary care in providing continuity and accessibility of all services is necessary in the decentralization process and will form the basis for better surveillance, prevention, treatment and care. Streszczenie: Cele pracy Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie głównych zmian w epidemiologii infekcji HIV w grupie MSM w AP Vojvodina, uzyskanymi dzięki promocji dobrowolnego poddawania się badaniom diagnostycznym i korzystania z porad, a także dostępności nowoczesnej terapii HIV. Metody W oparciu o wyniki badań przesiewowych i skuteczności leczenia zakażenia wirusem HIV porównano dane dotyczące rozprzestrzeniania się tej choroby w grupie MSM, w trzech okresach: I; , kiedy testy na obecność HIV rutynowo wykonywano tylko u ludzi z hemofilią i tych, u których stwierdzono objawy infekcji, II; , tj. w okresie kiedy podkreślono znaczenie możliwości przenoszenia wirusa podczas stosunków płciowych pomiędzy MSM, ale występujący strach przed stygmatyzacją był istotnym czynnikiem hamującym promocję badań na obecność wirusa, III; , tj. w okresie kiedy leczenie przeciwwirusowe (HAART) stało się dostępne dla wszystkich pacjentów HIV dodatnich, jak również ustabilizowały się ośrodki diagnostyczne i udzielające fachowych porad (VCT). JEcolHealth, vol. 17, nr 2, kwiecień-czerwiec
2 Wyniki Od 1985 stwierdzono w AP Vojvodina u 143 MSM infekcję HIV, z czego większość zdiagnozowano w ciągu ostatnich 8 lat. Wzrost rozpoznań infekcji HIV u MSM zbiega się z dużą promocją dobrowolnego poddawania się badaniom diagnostycznym i korzystania z porad w VCT. Największą liczbę rozpoznań HIV w AP Vojvodina zarejestrowano w 2002 roku. MSM odwiedzali kliniki HIV regularnie i prawdopodobnie z tego powodu MSM byli zdiagnozowani wcześniej niż pozostali chorzy z infekcją HIV. Wniosek W procesie decentralizacji są konieczne: ścisła współpraca ośrodków VCT i klinik HIV, objęcie szczególną troską ciągłości i dostępności wszystkich usług w celu stworzenia podstaw dla lepszego nadzoru, zapobiegania, leczenia infekcji HIV. Keywords: HIV, men having sex with men, epidemiology, prevention, counselling, testing, public health Słowa kluczowe: HIV, mężczyźni współżyjący płciowo z mężczyznami, epidemiologia, zapobieganie, doradztwo, badania przesiewowe, zdrowie publiczne Introduction Despite continued health promotion campaigns among men having sex with men (MSM), the number of newly diagnosed MSM Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cases in Europe has increased since 2001, underlining the need for inventive and better-targeted prevention in this community [1]. Many European countries reported an increase of HIV infections among MSM in recent years [2-4]. The number of HIV cases among MSM in Central Europe has almost doubled between 2003 and 2007[5]. Sex between men occurs in diverse circumstances and among men whose experiences, lifestyles, behaviours, and associated risks for HIV vary greatly [6]. The exclusion of MSM from surveillance, targeted prevention, and treatment and care still limits the global response to HIV [7]. Although the increase of HIV testing probably contributed to the higher rate of reported HIV infections in MSM in developing countries, limited corresponding data supports the existence of a true increase in MSM HIV incidence in European and North American countries [8]. The first HIV infections were reported in the Autonomous Province (AP) of Vojvodina in 1985, mostly in people with haemophilia [9]. During the 1990s, prevention and testing opportunities were limited because of isolation and socioeconomic sanctions in that province. In the beginning of the 21st century, broad promotion of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) was initiated and provided opportunities to many people at risk for HIV to know their HIV status. The national strategy for fighting against HIV/AIDS described MSM as a vulnerable population for HIV infection and prioritized the need for a supportive environment in which to create prevention programs for MSM [10]. The goal of our study was to describe major changes in the MSM HIV epidemic in AP Vojvodina since the expansion of HIV testing through voluntary counselling and testing services and available HIV treatment. Methods Study design: Descriptive analysis of the characteristics of HIV epidemic in MSM in AP Vojvodina was done comparing three periods: I Little was known about the epidemiology of HIV infection in AP Vojvodina. HIV testing was routinely performed only on people with haemophilia and those with manifested HIV infection. There was no public promotion of testing. II The importance of sexual transmission, particularly among MSM, was recognized, but the absence of treatment possibilities and the fear of stigmatization resulted in the subsequent absence of testing promotion. Only the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina provided Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). III Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) became available for all HIV patients, first in the Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade, than in the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina. VCT services were established in all institutes of public health, as well as in some prisons and primary care institutions. Public campaigns to motivate people to be tested for HIV began with many health care workers educated in how to offer HIV testing. A guideline for counselling was provided to all health care workers. Sources of data: Data about treatment were collected in the HIV ward of the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. Data concerning HIV testing in AP Vojvodina from VCT services in all institutes of public health and HIV laboratories from the districts have been available since 1996, having been collected in yearly reports by the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina. Since most of the VCT services had a possibility for referring People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHI) to HIV treatment sites, it was an 82 JEcolHealth, vol. 17, nr 2, kwiecień-czerwiec 2013
3 advantage for continuous follow-up of PLWHI in providing support to them, their partners, and their families during the previous years. However, since 2008, only general physicians have the legal right to refer PLWHI to HIV clinics. Statistical analysis: Gender specific incidences per 1 million population were calculated for both males and females year old and compared for the period The MSM average age at the moment of diagnosis of HIV infection was compared between three periods: the manifestation of HIV infection (AIDS) during the 12 months after HIV diagnosis and HIV-related deaths during the 18 months after HIV diagnosis. For the period the average age at the moment of diagnosis, the manifestation of the HIV infection (AIDS) during the 12 months after an HIV diagnosis and HIVrelated deaths during the 18 months after the HIV diagnosis and the regular visits to the HIV clinic (regular treatment) were compared between MSM and non-msm people with HIV infection. For the regular visits to the HIV clinic the Hi square test was used. For HIV testing rates per 100,000 population, the number of the male population between the ages was used as the denominator and the number of MSM tested for HIV and tested positive for HIV were used as the numerator. The R statistical programme was used for calculations of the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and the Chi-squared test. *Source of data: Register of HIV infections in AP Vojvodina per 1,000,000 males aged was higher than the overall incidence in the general population in the subsequent years, except for three years at the beginning of the epidemic. In the last decade, the incidence of MSM HIV infections was much higher than the overall incidence, but with broad variations between years (Figure 1). Most of the HIV infections in MSM population were diagnosed after the year 2000 (60.8% of all HIV infections in MSM in AP Vojvodina). The average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was lower in the last eight (8) years 34.3, comparing to the previous period where it was The age range since the beginning of the epidemic was (Table 1). Tab. 1. Characteristics of HIV infections in MSM in AP Vojvodina (n=143) Ethics. Only descriptive data available in the Provincial No significant differences in the average age of diagnosis HIV database and the database of the treatment clinic were were identified among the periods (Kruskal-Wallis rank used. sum test for: Chi-square=2.816; df=2; p-value=0.2446). There were no statistically significant differences in the Results group of people diagnosed with AIDS during the first 12 months (Pearson Chi-square test for =2.1437; df=2; In the period , 136 cases of HIV infection in p...-value=0.3424). MSM were reported; out of a total 252 cases of HIV Significant statistical differences were identified for the infection gender-specific incidence of new HIV infections group of AIDS deaths during the first 18 months. (Pearson Chi-square test =9.9672; df=2; p..-value= ). Fig. 1. HIV infections in AP Vojvodina, * Period Years I II III Total of reported HIV infections Average age at HIV infection diagnosis [years] AIDS diagnosed during the first 12 months after HIV diagnosis [%] AIDS related deaths during the 18 months after HIV diagnosis [%] Total % Total Total % Total % Only one out of every four MSM developed AIDS at the moment of diagnosis of HIV infection or in the subsequent 12 months, compared with more than 40% in the years previous to Since 2002, 11.5% died in the first 18 months, compared with more than 30% in the years previous. MSM were more likely to have a diagnosis of HIV infection in the early stage (the first 12 month), with no difference in reported AIDS related deaths (Table 2) as compared to HIV infection progress between MSM and other people infected with HIV in AP Vojvodina in the present decade (after HAART became available and VCT promotion was started). JEcolHealth, vol. 17, nr 2, kwiecień-czerwiec
4 Tab. 2. HIV infection in AP Vojvodina : Compared between HIV infections among MSM and other HIV infections Variable Non- MSM MSM Test Results Since 2002, the number of MSM tested for HIV in VCT services began increasing, with the number of MSM tested for HIV reaching 143 in 2005 (Figure 2). Increase in testing resulted in the increase of HIV diagnosis in the beginning of the last decade, but it has decreased during the last two years. Number of reported HIV infections Discussion Average age of HIV infection diagnosis [in years] Number of reported AIDS cases AIDS diagnosed during the first 12 months after HIV diagnosis Number of reported AIDS deaths AIDS deaths during the 18 months after HIV diagnosis (%) T-test Chi-square t=0.421; p.-value=0.66; 95%CI= ; Chi-squared= 3.46; p.-value= 0.063; 95%CI= ; 0.33 Prevention of HIV infection in the 21st century requires multiple approaches to different aspects of the HIV epidemic. These approaches include the need for a non-judgmental harm reduction approach in the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV, the control of viral load, the impact of HAART on condom use, the need for comprehensive services for PLWHA, including positive prevention, shortening the duration of the unknown infection period, diversifying and combining HIV testing approaches, and dealing with stigma and discrimination [12]. In the beginning of the HIV epidemic in AP Vojvodina, little was known about the burden of the disease and the absence of treatment. The most vulnerable populations included youth, who faced stigmatization, which limited There were 143 PLWHI out of the 75 MSM in AP Vojvodina with known HIV status at the end of the year prevention efforts by health care workers. The diagnoses in The MSM attended the HIV clinic more regularly the first three years of the HIV epidemic, , were than PLWHI who were not MSM (Table 3). mainly in people living with haemophilia [9]. However, most of the HIV infections in 1988 were diagnosed in Tab. 3. PLWHI regular visits to HIV department of Clinical centre of Vojvodina Visited HIV department regularly Did not visit HIV department regularly Chi-square Chi-square 6 10 Chi-square MSM Non-MSM No % No % Total Chi-squared= 4.73 p.-value= 0.03; 95%CI=0.017; 0.38 Chi-squared = 1.46; p-value = 0.23; 95%CI= -0.06; 0.24 Chi-squared= 0.16; p.-value= 0.69; 95%CI= ; Significance Chi-squared = 6.15, p-value = ; 95%CI=0.0473; Fig. 2. MSM testing rate in VCT services in AP Vojvodina 84 JEcolHealth, vol. 17, nr 2, kwiecień-czerwiec 2013 MSM, in the years after 1988, HIV infections in MSM in AP Vojvodina were the majority of all newly diagnosed infections. Although the incidence of HIV infections in MSM were higher in the overall population, with the highest value being 26.1 in 2006, the rate was still much lower than in EU/EFTA countries where it was 56.7 per million men aged in the same year. Yet a similar increase in incidence was observed in 23 EU/EFTA countries [13]. A comparable situation to the AP Vojvodina was in Serbia, where 65 out of 114 newly diagnosed HIV infections in 2008 were diagnosed in MSM [14] and in Western Europe where HIV infections in MSM were also the majority 40% of all infections [15]. In Central Europe, the proportion of MSM HIV infections is almost twice as small as the proportion of HIV infection in heterosexual males [16]. In the AP Vojvodina, about 60% of all HIV infections in MSM diagnosed have been in the last eight years. One of the possible reasons for that increase is the broad promotion and implementation of VCT services in 2001/2002, making it more possible to diagnose HIV in MSM. This intervention included the establishment of VCT centres in all of the larger cities, continuous media campaigns throughout the year, and the promotion of testing through a network of non-governmental organizations. Physicians and nurses, prison staff, and
5 many other professionals were educated about the Despite efforts in continuous education of GPs, most of importance of VCT and were given instruction in them still do not have enough knowledge or education counselling and referring people with high-risk behaviour. about HIV infection [23]. Guidelines are needed to advise Yet recent research [11] showed that only 16% of MSM GPs in thoroughly documenting sexual histories in from Novi Sad stated they had an HIV test in the last 12 consultations with their male patients and to use gender months, which is lower than in other studies [16-18]. The neutral terms when talking about sexual partners, i.e., not HIV prevalence among MSM in Novi Sad in that study [11] assuming the patient is heterosexual [24]. The inclusion of was 2.4%. Since one of the main biases in the bio- HIV counselling and testing in routine health care could behavioural survey was the predominance of young MSM help to shorten the duration of the unknown infection in the sample 48.4[11], the real prevalence of HIV period and provide HIV treatment and care to all PLWHI infection is expected to be higher, considering the average [25]. Some articles suggest venue-based outreach testing year of HIV diagnosis and results from other surveys [19]. for HIV [26], but only a small number of MSM in Novi Sad These findings correlate with data about the majority of prefer such outreach testing in comparison with health year-olds tested in VCT services in AP Vojvodina institutions as a place for information about sexually [9]. In this last HIV test, 45.5% of MSM disclosed their transmitted infections [11]. sexual orientation [11]. The quality of the data used deems to be high, as a result of Various factors influenced the testing rate among the small number of institutions involved (only one MSM, including promotion of testing services and their treatment centre in AP Vojvodina) and several counselling availability, benefits of testing and early diagnosis, access services, a long tradition of data collection with regular to treatment, and a supportive environment. Important evaluation and excellent collaboration between all the increases in the testing rate among MSM was observed in participating institutions. The lower data quality is possible 2001/2002 and after a small decline in 2003, testing rates for HIV related deaths, because some PLWHI have been increased more than four times during the next two years. dying outside hospitals, when the family doctor is unaware In that period ( ) HIV tests were provided of the HIV diagnosis. through the Global Fund project. When this project ended Understanding the stigma and discrimination faced by in 2006/2007, many VCT centres became unable to MSM should be a priority for all future interventions provide testing for the following years. This lack of among MSM, especially in health care settings. Only then funding resulted in a decline of testing rates. It was only the can further decentralization of HIV testing, treatment and integration of hepatitis B and C testing in VCT and the care in AP Vojvodina be sustainable. Due to a similar procurement of HIV test from alternative sources, which situation in most Central European countries, closer allowed VCT services to be continuous in the Institute of collaboration initiated by international organisations could Public Health of Vojvodina. This decline was not dramatic, help in a better understanding of determinants of the HIV since the majority of VCT clients had been tested in this epidemic in the MSM population. institution. Yet the HIV positive rate did decline. Most of the HIV diagnoses in previous years were diagnosed Acknowledgements outside of Novi Sad [9]. The other problem was and is that VCT services were and are incorporated in centres for The authors would like to thank to Mary Relindes Ellis, disease control and prevention and staff working in them MFA, Graduate Research Assistant, University of Iowa for are often unable to devote themselves completely to VCT the great help in editing the manuscript. services, because of their many other job duties. It appears that HIV infections have been diagnosed earlier in MSM than in other HIV infected populations. R E F E R E N C E S In , 50% of HIV infections in AP Vojvodina in [1] Herida M. Alix J. Devaux I. et al.: HIV/AIDS in Europe: non-msm population were diagnosed in the stage of epidemiological situation in 2006 and a new framework for manifested HIV infection or manifested HIV infection was surveillance. Euro Surveill. 2007;12(47). Available online: diagnosed during the 12 months after HIV diagnosis. This 12. is a much higher rate than the MSM population where [2] Blystad H. Nilsen Ö. Aavitsland P.: Increase in reported HIV 24 out of 87 HIV diagnoses were in the stage of AIDS. infection among MSM in Oslo, Norway. Euro Surveill.2004; Some other studies showed different results [20]. 8(11).Availableonline:http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArti cle.aspx?articleld=2405. The role of general practitioners and other health care [3] Rice B. Nardone A. Gill N. et al.: Continuing high levels of HIV providers became very important in recent years in AP diagnosis in men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom. Euro Surveill. 2008;13(14). Availableonline: Vojvodina, because of their ability to refer, and order HIV tests, and to give support and care to PLWHI [21,22]. 85. JEcolHealth, vol. 17, nr 2, kwiecień-czerwiec
6 [4] Gebhardt M.: Recent trends in new diagnoses of HIV infections in [16] Cowan SA, Haff J. HIV and risk behavior among men who have Switzerland: probable increase in MSM despite an overall sex with men in Denmark the 2006 sex life survey. Euro Surveill. decrease. Euro Surveill. 2005;10(49). Availableonline: 2008:13(48). Available online: [5] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO [17] Behel S.K., MAcKellar D.A., Valleroy L.A., et al.: Young men s Regional Office for Europe. HIV surveillance in Europe survey study group. J Urban Health Sep;85(5): Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; [18] Sandfort T.G., Nel J., Rich E., et al.: HIV testing and self-reported HIV status in South African men who have sex with men: results [6] UNAIDS. HIV and sex between men. [Cited 2009 Sept from a community-based survey. Sex Transm Infect ]Availableonline:http://data.unaids.org/Publications/IRC- Nov;84(6): pub07/jc1269-policybrief-msm_en.pdf. [19] Wand H., Wilson D., Yan P., et al.: Characterizing trends in HIV [7] Saavedra J., Izalola-Licea J.A., Beyer C.: Sex between men in the infection among men who have sex with men in Australia by birth context of HIV: The AIDS 2008 Jonathan Mann Memorial Lecture cohorts: results from a modified back-projection method. J Int in health and human rights. J Int AIDS Soc.2008;11:9. AIDS Soc.2009;12:19.Availableonline: Availableonline:http://www.jiasociety.org/content/11/1/9. [8] Grulich A.E., Kaldor J.M.: Trends in HIV incidence in [20] Beckerman A., Fontana L.: Medical treatment for men who have homosexual men in developed countries. Sex Health sex with men and are living with HIV/AIDS [abstract]. Am J Mens Jun;5(2): Health Sept 23. [9] Đurić P., Ilić S.: HIV infections in AP Vojvodina 2008 [in Serbian]. [21] Đurić P., Ilić S.: HIV infection and health care workers. Novi Sad: Novi Sad: Institute of public health of Vojvodina; Novi Sad humanitarian centre; Available online: 2009.Availableonline:http://w ww.izjzv.org.rs/pdf/hiv_infek CIJA_VOJVODINA_2008.pdf. adnici.pdf. [10] National strategy for the fight against HIV/AIDS. Belgrade: [22] Đurić P., Ilić S.: Role of health care workers in the response to HIV Ministry of Health; epidemic. Novi Sad: Ecumenical humanitarian organization; [11] Research among populations vulnerable to HIV and people living Availableonline:http://www.izjzv.org.rs/PDF/EMesto_ with HIV (in Serbian). Belgrade: Ministry of Health, Unit for zdravstvenih_radnika.pdf. implementation of the Ministry of Health project from the Global [23] Đurić P.: Influence of the program for strengthening the fund for the fight against AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria prevention and control of blood-borne infections to reduce the donation/institute of public health of Serbia Dr Milan Jovanović professional risk to health personnel (dissertation). Novi Sad: Batut, National HIV/AIDS office; Faculty of Medicine; [12] Spire B., de Zoysa I., Himmich H.: HIV prevention: What have we [24] Blystad H., Klouman E.: Recommendation for annual HIV and learned from community experiences in concentrated epidemics? STI testing in MSM introduced in Norway.EuroSurveill.2005; J Int AIDS Soc. 2008;11:5. Available online: 10(27). Available online:http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=2744. [13] Likatavicius G., Klavs I., Devaux I., et al.: An increase in newly [25] Đurić P.: Counselling and testing for HIV and other blood borne diagnosed HIV cases reported among men who have sex with men infections in health settings. Novi Sad: Institute of public health of in Europe, ; implications for a European public health Vojvodina;2007.Availableonline:http://www.izjzv.org.rs/PDF/ES strategy. Sex Transm Infect Nov;84(6): avetovanje_testiranje_hiv.pdf. [14] Vučić-Janković M., Milić N., Simić D., et al.: Report about [26]. Erausquin J.T., Duan N., Grusky O., et al.: Increasing the reach of infectious diseases in 2008 in the territory of Republic of Serbia (in HIV testing to young Latino MSM: results of a pilot study Serbian). Belgrade: Institute of public health of Serbia;2009. integrating outreach and service. J Health Care Poor Underserved. [15] van de Laar M.J., Likatavicius G., Stengaard A.R., et al.: 2009 Aug;20(3): HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe: update Euro Surveill. 2008;13(50). Availableonline:http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ ViewArticle.aspx?Articleld= maja Święto Polskiej Niezapominajki 18 maja Światowy Dzień Rodziny 19 maja Międzynarodowy Dzień Pamięci Zmarłych na AIDS 22 maja Dzień Praw Zwierząt 24 maja Europejski Dzień Parków Narodowych 31 maja Światowy Dzień Bez Tytoniu 5 czerwca Światowy Dzień Ochrony Środowiska 5-11 czerwca Tydzień Ochrony Środowiska 6 czerwca Dzień Bez Samochodu czerwca Akcja Sprzątanie Świata 18 czerwca Dzień Europejskiego Protestu Przeciw GMO 21 czerwca Pierwszy Dzień Lata 23 czerwca Światowy Dzień Walki z Osteoporozą 24 czerwca Światowy Dzień Chorych na Osteoporozą 26 czerwca Międzynarodowy Dzień Zapobiegania Narkomanii 27 czerwca Światowy Dzień Rybołówstwa Cd. Kalendarium 86 JEcolHealth, vol. 17, nr 2, kwiecień-czerwiec 2013
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text:
A/N: so as I had to type this up for my creative writing class anyways I figured I'd put it here too.. possible series, but one-shot for now… Read. Enjoy. Review… :) (First 125 words are from the book) starts just after Christmas in the 5th book…
A Rough Road
Harry glanced up at the three decks of The Knight Bus and saw all the passengers staring down at them, noses flat against the windows.
"You'll be safe once you're in the grounds," said Tonks, casting a careful eye around at the deserted road. "Have a good term, okay?"
"Look after yourselves," said Lupin, shaking hands all around and reaching Harry last. "And listen…" He lowered his voice while the rest of them exchanged last minute good-byes with Tonks, "Harry, I know you don't like Snape, but he is a superb Occlumens and we all – Sirius included – want you to learn to protect yourself, so work hard, all right?"
"Yeah, all right," said Harry heavily, looking up into Lupin's prematurely lined face. "See you then…"
"See you Harry," said Tonks, putting on a smile as they left, but they didn't hear her. "Well, do you have to get right off?"
"No," said Lupin, still watching the children as they headed up to the school.
"Dinner at The Three Broomsticks then, Remus?" Tonks asked and Lupin turned his head to look at her, smiling weakly.
"Sure," He said and she smiled happily as she skipped off towards the little pub.
Tonks, getting to the door first, opened it wide and held it open for Lupin behind her. He caught it as Tonks went over to the counter and sat down. He walked over and sat on the bar stool next to her. He sank down a little low, Madam Rosmerta tended to show her enthusiasm for him rather publicly. This was why he tried to avoid and empty Three Broomsticks at all costs. However, spending a little extra time with Tonks was not something he was not something he was going to pass up. Usually there was enough people in the pub that he could blend in, but that wasn't so today.
"Remus!" said the slightly eccentric barmaid.
"Rosmerta," said Lupin politely, as though he was just as happy to see her.
"What've you been up to?" She asked and Lupin shrugged, wishing someone else would walk in so she'd leave him be. "Oh, c'mon. You were part of James' gang after all, I can't imagine after all that trouble you were up to at school that you haven't found anything to busy yourself with."
"Yes.. well," said Lupin, still perfectly polite, "I'll have a fire-whiskey, Tonks? What'll you be having then?"
Lupin looked over to her, pleading for help as she looked from Rosmerta to him and back again.
"Right," she said, taking Lupin's hand over the counter top, "I'll have a butter-beer. And I think we'll share a Cauldron Salad."
"Oh, ok," said Rosmerta, slightly taken aback as she poured their drinks then disappeared into the back to prepare their salad.
"Thank-you," said Lupin, taking a deep breath and relaxing as Tonks withdrew her hand.
"No problem," said Tonks as Lupin took a sip of his drink. "You could have told mentioned it to me if you wanted to go elsewhere."
"No, it's fine," said Lupin as he watched Tonks take a sip of her butter-beer. "You seemed excited to come, my personal issues shouldn't come in the way of that."
Tonks simply watched him curiously as he faced forward. He slumped a little over the bar counter as he stared into the mirror back behind the liquor lined shelf. He was perfectly aware that she was still watching him, but he didn't see the need to say anything. Rosmerta returned a few minutes later with their salad, and then dismissed herself once more.
"Dig in," said Tonks, splitting the salad into two portions on either side of the elongated dinner plate. Lupin picked up a fork and did as he was told. "You're so quiet."
"Are you complaining?"
"No." Tonks replied very quickly. "I was just observing. All the other werewolves I've met are irritating people, you're not."
"Thanks," said Lupin, not exactly sure whether it was a compliment or not.
"No." said Tonks realizing how it sounded. "It's just, I meant you're different is all. In a good way."
"Okay…" said Lupin, trailing off to take a bite of the salad.
"Yeah," said Tonks vaguely, though she looked a bit embarrassed.
About mid meal an owl came soaring into the pub and landed on Lupin's shoulder and pecked at his ear. He looked around and took a gentle hold on the little owl so that he could get the scrap of parchment from its leg, then let it go. The owl hooted in slight adoration at Tonks as he landed next to the salad and started pecking at Lupin's side.
Lupin looked down at the note, which was written in Dumbledore's careful script.
Remus –
It is no longer safe where you are to be. I spoke with Padfoot, you may go there or to Molly's, whichever you wish. I'll be in contact.
Albus Dumbledore
Lupin read it twice. It was cryptic due to Umbridge's reign of terror up at the school. They all knew she was checking their post, and there wasn't anything that they could do about it. Lupin crumpled Dumbledore's note and levitated it over to the fire and dropped it unceremoniously into the flames.
"That from Dumbledore?" Tonks inquired in a hushed tone and Lupin nodded gravely as he down the rest of his drink. "Anything to do with me?"
"No. It's not safe for me to be at my post," said Lupin as Rosmerta came out of the back.
"Remus!" She said and his head popped up, "I will not have owls on my bar."
"Apologies," said Lupin, clearly disgruntled as the owl flew out the window.
"Bloody hell," said Tonks as soon as Rosmerta had disappeared again, and she realized the gravity behind Lupin's news.
The wolves had given into Fenrir Greyback and the Death Eaters. Such a – usually – violent and powerful herd of creatures was dangerous to have against them. The werewolves in the hands of the Death Eaters were a huge threat to the Order, not to mention the entire Wizarding Community at large. It didn't matter that they were all calling the Order crazy, misguided troublemakers. It was still crucial to protect them.
"Want to go?" Tonks asked after a few more minutes of silence.
"We'd better," said Lupin as he stood up and put enough money for Rosmerta on the counter for her.
"You're going back to – Padfoot's – then?" Tonks asked and Lupin nodded as he conjured up a Patronus and sent it off to warn Sirius he would be arriving shortly.
"Take care, Remus," Rosmerta called after them as they headed toward the door and out into the village.
"Are you all right?" Tonks asked as they headed down the street. She presumed that they were heading towards the hogshead to Dissaparate. However, Lupin turned last minute to lead her over towards the Shrieking Shack. "Remus? What're you doing?"
Lupin sat on a snow covered rock, his face in his hands, peaking out over his fingers at the old shack that meant so much to him, the one that held so many of his memories.
"I've failed." He said simply.
"Remus." Said Tonks bracingly as she sat down beside him, her hand resting on his shoulder, "The wolves were a longshot, and one of the hardest assignments. No one expected a miracle."
"Don't you get it, Tonks? I've failed everyone that's ever meant anything to me. Anyone I've ever cared for." Said Lupin, glaring up at the old shack, "Lily, James, Sirius, Dumbledore, my own family… What's to stop me from-"
"From what?" Tonks prompted him.
"Nothing," said Lupin, shaking his head. "I just can't fail Harry, not again."
"I didn't know Lily and James," said Tonks. "But from all I've heard about them they wouldn't blame you."
Lupin shot to his feet.
"I was always the responsible one," said Lupin. "Even when we were at school. I was the one to tell them they'd gone too far. I was the one that always saved their necks in the end. I couldn't… the one time they actually needed me I wasn't there for them…"
"Remus," said Tonks, but Lupin kept going.
"Then I gave up on Sirius, leaving him to the dementors without a second thought." Lupin continued. "One of my oldest friends who accepted me as I was, and I sided with the people who persecuted me."
"Sirius doesn't…" Tonks tried again, but Lupin cut her off once more.
"And Harry," said Lupin, breathless from working himself up so much. "I if I hadn't gotten sacked. If I had managed to somehow patch things us with Severus… If I had kept my nose clean the night in the shrieking shack… Harry's name would have never gotten into the Goblet of Fire. Voldemort wouldn't be back now. If I had stayed out of the shrieking shack Peter would be in Askaban and Sirius would be free."
"Remus," said Tonks, exasperatedly as she stood up, and walked over to him, pacing her hand on his shoulder. "You can't put all that stuff on yourself. Voldemort would have found another way to get his name in the cup. Sirius might've killed Pettigrew on sight if you weren't there to stop him, and then he and Harry would have never connected. And as for Lily and James, you couldn't have known. No one knew, Remus."
"Saying that I couldn't have known doesn't change the guilt I already feel," said Lupin solemnly, unable to get mad at her.
"Remus," said Tonks, putting her hand up to his face, "You're a good man, one of the very few left. You're damaged, but who isn't? Your scars just show on your sleeve. You're truly a beautiful person, Remus, and I don't know how anyone can miss it."
Lupin looked inot her eyes for mere seconds before crashing his lips onto hers. Her arms wrapped quickly around his neck as his hands went to her sides. All the emotions that had been building up between the pair in the secen months since they had first met each other poured out.
Suddenly he pulled away, shaking his head as he backed away from her. Her face dropped as she registered the panic crossing Lupin's face, and then he was gone. Dissaparated.
A split second later Lupin Apparated onto the doorstep of Number Twelve Grimauld Place, London. He burst through the door and into the hall where Sirius was starting to take down the Christmas decorations.
"I kissed her," said Lupin, hyperventilating as he nearly collapsed, standing up only because he was leaning on a wall.
"It's about bloody time, Mate."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Archinect - News 2017-07-26T20:53:58-04:00 http://archinect.com/news/article/150004561/in-celebration-of-i-m-pei-s-100th-birthday-tomorrow-the-national-gallery-of-art-revisits-his-legacy In celebration of I.M. Pei's 100th birthday tomorrow, the National Gallery of Art revisits his legacy Justine Testado 2017-04-25T13:19:00-04:00 >2017-04-25T13:19:46-04:00
Harmonizing with architect John Russell Pope's neoclassical West Building, the award-winning East Building, which opened in 1978, was designed by Pei in the modern idiom of its time. Magnificently realizing the long-term vision of Gallery founder Andrew W. Mellon and his children, Paul Mellon and Ailsa Mellon Bruce, the East Building has taken its place as one of the great public structures in the nation's capital. — National Gallery of Art

I.M. Pei's 100th birthday is tomorrow! In celebration of the legendary architect's birthday, the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. will host a public talk in the Pei-designed East Building featuring architect Perry Y. Chin – a longtime associate of Pei's — and Susan Wertheim, the Gallery's chief architect and deputy administrator for capital projects.

Learn more on Bustler.
 http://archinect.com/news/article/149982912/aia-honors-i-m-pei-s-grand-louvre-with-2017-twenty-five-year-award AIA honors I.M. Pei's Grand Louvre with 2017 Twenty-Five Year Award Justine Testado 2016-12-15T20:54:00-05:00 >2016-12-22T12:26:07-05:00
When I.M. Pei's Grand Louvre in Paris was first completed in 1989, it was denounced as a modernist insult to its historic location, the 800-year-old Grand Palais. But 27 years later, the 71-foot-tall glass pyramid has become as treasured as the artwork it houses. In an announcement today, the AIA announced the Grand Louvre - Phase I project as the 2017 Twenty-Five Year Award recipient.

The Twenty-Five Year Award distinguishes a building that has gracefully stood the test of time over the last 25-35 years. Chaired by LMN Architects' Mark Reddington, the 2017 jury selected the project that best "demonstrate[s] excellence in function, in the distinguished execution of its original program, and in the creative aspects of its statement by today's standards." The nine-person jury also included Adrian Smith, Timothy J. Johnson of NBBJ, and William Q. Sabatini.

The Grand Louvre was executed in two phases over the course of a decade. In Phase I, Pei built the pyramid and reorganized the museum...
 http://archinect.com/news/article/149970743/i-m-pei-s-national-gallery-of-art-building-set-to-reopen-this-week-in-washington I.M. Pei's National Gallery of Art building set to reopen this week in Washington Alexander Walter 2016-09-26T17:17:00-04:00 >2016-09-28T22:55:06-04:00
From the outside, not much has changed. After a three-year, $69m renovation, the East Building of the National Gallery of Art (NGA) in Washington, DC, looks about the same as it did when it first opened in June 1978. [...] Step inside and the differences become clear. The gallery, which reopens to the public on 30 September, has managed to carve out more than 12,250 sq. ft of additional exhibition space without expanding its physical footprint.

↑ I.M. Pei, who designed the East Building, on the structure's original opening day, June 1, 1978. Photo © Dennis Brack/Black Star. National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gallery Archives

Related stories in the Archinect news:

Louvre director plans its grand revamp

Pei Cobb Freed faces lawsuit from Cornell over "faulty" Johnson Museum expansion scheme

98-year-old I.M. Pei reportedly assaulted by caregiver

 http://archinect.com/news/article/144958591/98-year-old-i-m-pei-reportedly-assaulted-by-caregiver 98-year-old I.M. Pei reportedly assaulted by caregiver Alexander Walter 2016-01-04T12:24:00-05:00 >2016-01-05T08:43:54-05:00
A carer for the architect IM Pei [...] has been charged with assaulting the 98-year-old in his Manhattan townhouse. Eter Nikolaishvili, 28, was arrested on Tuesday on suspicion of assaulting Pei early in December when he threatened to report her to the police for "doing something bad", police said. [...] Pei was taken to hospital at 4am on the day of the alleged assault suffering from bleeding lacerations and bruising, after Nikolaishvili grabbed and twisted his arm, police said.

Pei Coob Freed-related news on Archinect:

I.M. Pei named as 2014 recipient of the UIA Gold Medal

Louvre director plans its grand revamp

Pei Cobb Freed faces lawsuit from Cornell over "faulty" Johnson Museum expansion scheme

 http://archinect.com/news/article/126887317/pei-cobb-freed-faces-lawsuit-from-cornell-over-faulty-johnson-museum-expansion-scheme Pei Cobb Freed faces lawsuit from Cornell over "faulty" Johnson Museum expansion scheme Justine Testado 2015-05-07T14:45:00-04:00 >2015-05-08T00:27:22-04:00
Cornell alleges that the firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners committed 'architectural malpractice' in its plans for the new wing of the museum, leading to structural deficiencies, cavities in the roof, cracks in the ceiling and other problems. The university says it has suffered 'at least' $1.1 million in damages as a result of the flawed designs. Pei, who also designed the original museum in 1968, was hired by the university to build the addition in 2006.

Related:

Jean Nouvel loses court case over 'sabotaged' Philharmonie de Paris

Cornell professor declares OMA-designed Milstein Hall "a disaster"

Architects can now be held liable for building defects, rules California Supreme Court

 http://archinect.com/news/article/108175673/louvre-director-plans-its-grand-revamp Louvre director plans its grand revamp Alexander Walter 2014-09-04T14:03:00-04:00 >2014-09-09T22:39:00-04:00
Jean-Luc Martinez, who was promoted to the directorship of the Musée du Louvre last year, is proposing the most ambitious renovation of the Paris museum since the Grand Louvre project of the 1980s. [...] Planning the museum's comprehensive renovation began in June and work is due to start on the main entrance this month. [...] Martinez also plans to devote 1,500 sq. m of space to major temporary exhibitions in the Napoleon Hall, which is beneath the museum's I.M. Pei-designed entrance pyramid.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <meta> http://archinect.com/news/article/101557570/i-m-pei-named-as-2014-recipient-of-the-uia-gold-medal I.M. Pei named as 2014 recipient of the UIA Gold Medal Justine Testado 2014-06-10T15:12:00-04:00 >2014-06-17T17:34:32-04:00
Ieoh Ming Pei, the now 97-year-old renowned Chinese-born American architect, was recently named the 2014 recipient of the prestigious International Union of Architects Gold Medal. The UIA Gold Medal honors an architect's life and work achievements in the course of more than 60 years and five continents in modern architecture history.

Best known as I.M. Pei, some of his most famous structures include the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum in Paris, the National Museum of Art in Washington, the Johnson Museum of Art in New York, and the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar, to name a few.

He has received other prestigious accolades like the Pritzker Prize, the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) as well as of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

Pei will formally accept the Gold Medal on August 6 at an awards ceremony organized by the UIA World Congress of Architecture in Durban, South Africa.

Read more about Pei's legacy on Bustler.
 http://archinect.com/news/article/66231340/pei-partnership-sues-national-slavery-museum-for-get-this-not-getting-paid-for-their-services Pei Partnership sues National Slavery Museum for... get this... not getting paid for their services Archinect 2013-01-25T14:12:00-05:00 >2013-01-25T19:35:07-05:00
The National Slavery Museum, which was spearheaded by former Virginia Gov. Doug Wilder, never paid Pei for the architectural work. Pei says it is owed more than $6 million, money that the firm hopes to recoup in an eventual sale of the 38 acres. The slavery museum organization now owes more than $300,000 in delinquent real estate taxes to Fredericksburg. The city has begun the lengthy legal process of selling the land at auction to recoup the back taxes.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <meta> http://archinect.com/news/article/22938566/a-modern-masterpiece-no-longer-used-will-soon-disappear-at-kennedy-airport A Modern Masterpiece, No Longer Used, Will Soon Disappear at Kennedy Airport anthony dong 2011-10-06T09:50:37-04:00 >2011-10-09T10:07:38-04:00
Given his stature, the demolition of Terminal 6 arguably ranks as the most significant loss of a transportation building in New York since Pennsylvania Station was razed in the early 1960s. Mr. Cobb does not think of the two events as analogous, however. "This is not pure greed," he said. "This is the myopic view of engineers. They just can't figure out how to reuse it and they don't put enough value on it to figure out how to reuse it."

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <meta>


text:
Definition Edit
A virus hoax is "[a]n urgent warning message about a nonexistent virus."[1]
Overview Edit
The phony viruses are usually described as being of devastating magnitude and requiring immediate action to adequately protect computer resources from infection. The majority of virus alerts that are sent via e-mail among users are actually hoaxes. Virus hoaxes are often forwarded among users for months or even years because the users believe they are helping others by distributing these warnings.
Although the hoaxes usually do not cause damage, some virus hoaxes are malicious and direct users to alter operating system settings or delete files, which could cause security or operational problems. Virus hoaxes can also be time consuming for organizations, because many hoax recipients contact technical support staff to warn them of the new threat or to ask for guidance. One well-known virus hoax is "Good Times."
References Edit
- ↑ NIST, Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, Glossary, at D-3 (NIST Special Publication 800-61, rev. 1) (Mar. 2008) (full-text).


text:
DbDesigner is a useful tool for constructing databases in an intuitive and easy-to-use environment, where you have a visual representation of the tables and relations contained in your project. You can quickly see the fields in a table or how each table relates to the others. After you are finished, it can export the schema of the database into an .sql script, or directly connect to a database backend and build it there. It can also import already existing databases from .sql scripts or db backends. It can save your project into its native format (XML) so all information is kept, and it has a plugin architecture to be easily extensible to work with many database servers (it comes with 2 plugins for PostgreSQL and MySQL).
BOND (building object network databases) is database development framework for rapidly creating applications. It creates live forms for the Web with AJAX and desktop applications using GTK. Using XML to define widget layouts, it drives the live forms to which SQL statements and methods can be attached.
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RefDB is a reference database and bibliography tool for SGML, XML, and LaTeX documents. Command-line tools allow interactive or scriptable access to the data which are stored in a SQL database. RefDB can also be accessed through a Web interface, a SRU interface, or via editor extensions (Emacs/vim). Libraries for Perl and PHP are available for programmers. RefDB provides sophisticated character encoding handling, using Unicode by default.


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This product has not yet been rated. Please Login to submit a review for Teak Dining Set 60in Round Table and 6 Folding sling arm Chairs cream
I wanted to personally thank you for the service you provided me for my recent purchase of outdoor Teak furniture for my Cape Cod ocean front home. Your service was fantastic with detailed information and pricing that was extremely competitive within the marketplace. The quality of the Teak furniture & seat cushions are the BEST I have ever seen. Being I do live on the ocean, the harsh environment was a considerable factor in making my selections. I have attached some recent pictures showing you the furniture placed on my Patio.
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Penelope Cruz Strikes a Pose for PETA
Stripping down for a cause she feels very passionate about, Penelope Cruz is the latest celebrity to be tapped for PETA's newest ad campaign.
The "Pirates of the Carribean: On Stranger Tides" beauty's 'Give Fur the Cold Shoulder' billboard is set to debut today (February 1) near New York City's Penn Station.
PETA's Senior VP Lisa Lange released a statement to UsWeekly, saying, "Penelope has appeared on every 'best-dressed' list in the world, and the one thing you'll never see her wearing is fur."
"PETA couldn't ask for a more fitting emblem of the modern, glamorous woman who knows that there's nothing more beautiful than a woman who has a look that kills without anyone having to die for it," the statement went on to say.
Photo Credit: PETA


text: Would you like to go back to a time where girls who got in trouble had to go away to "visit relatives"? The 1950s values are nothing to write home about. Societal values change over time. As I wrote in other threads, 200 years ago, people thought slavery was fine, that it was allright to treat children as property, that women had no right to vote/own property etc. Those were traditions at that point. I am sure there were people like you back then who bemoaned those changes. Hell, let's go back further into the past. Women were stoned for adultery (still happens in Islamic world). Those are their traditions and they force personal responsibility on people. Would you like that traditional system?


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Having mastered the mobile email arena, RIM has turned its attention to improving the art of PowerPoint presentations.
The BlackBerry Presenter is a compact and lightweight device that can be plugged into a projector or monitor, enabling a BlackBerry smartphone to control it remotely.
Consumers will be able to change slides as well as view their notes discreetly, thanks to the ability to read one slide on the phone while displaying another via the projector. It of course means that you'll be able to leave your laptops at home and, as long as you remain within the 30 feet proximity to the projector or monitor, you'll be free to roam around the room.
The BlackBerry Presenter will be showcased at CES in Las Vegas this week, before arriving at ShopBlackBerry.com for $199, followed by other authorised dealers and retail stores.
BlackBerry Presenter specifications:


text:
|District 11 Clubs in the HEART of it All
|Site Map
|Units: 117 122 124 130 136 164 193 227
New! ACBL Maps (Clubs, Tournaments, Teachers, Youth Programs)
Check out what's going on in D11 100 miles from these major cities in the next 90 days:
Charleston WV, Cincinnati, Columbus, Evansville, Indianapolis, Lexington, Louisville
ALL D11 BRIDGE TEACHERS and CLUB OWNERS - Details from the first District Meeting on June 9, 2017 are posted. The participants agreed to a one hour meeting at each of our D11 Regionals. Each regional will organize the meeting. The agenda will be based on teacher and club owner input. Gary Blevins (Director, ACBL Field Operations), offered to provide seminar leaders on new ACBL offerings like Pianola, Marketing Support, and more.
Toronto Summer NABC - Meeting Information:
Board of Directors Motions
Board of Governors Reports
Kansas City MO Spring NABC - ACBL Strategic Review
District 11 ACBL Director Report - AJ Stephani: Spring 2017 Kansas City MO email@example.com
Hi All! The ACBL has had an eventful year so far, and I'm honored to be your voice on the ACBL Board. It's customary at this point to thank outgoing Board members for their service, but Beth Reid makes it easy. Beth, you certainly leave the ACBL in a far better place than when you began your first term, and though you cannot be replaced, I'm humbled by the prospect of succeeding you. On behalf of the entire District membership, we owe you our deepest thanks.
This is my first report as "District Director," a terribly unfortunate label. I've already been asked a variety of questions about penalty cards and leads out of turn. We've got Unit Board "Directors", District Board "Directors", ACBL Board "Directors", and, of course, the spectrum of game directors (National Tournament Directors, Associate Tournament Directors, Club Directors, etc.). I'm going to try to use the term "ACBL Board Member" in my communication to you, but let me know if you think the "District Director" label works better. .…MORE
ACBL D11 Board of Governors -
Kansas City Meeting Report
(Large File 4.5 MB) -
Steve Moese
Rank Change Letters - Hi Everyone! One of the delights of being your District representative to the ACBL Board of Directors is reading all of your wonderful responses to the Change of Rank letters sent to you on my behalf. My predecessor, Beth Reid did a fantastic job of sharing your responses on our District website, and I'm thrilled to continue in that tradition. Please take a moment to read through these testimonials! If you thought that the joy of our great game isn't infectious, a few minutes with your fellow players will change that. When you achieve that next rank, send me a quick note or picture and pass it along! Here's wishing that your favorite finesses work, AJ Stephani District 11 Representative, Board of Directors.
Apr '16 to Jan '17 Oct '15 to Apr '16 Mar '14 to Oct '15
ACBL Information
ACBL Fees 2000 to present - by A. beth Reid at the June 2016 District 11 Board of Directors Meeting.
ACBL 2015 Membership Data by District and Unit - This is the December 2015 Summary QUIP Report.
Update from the ACBL Chief Marketing Officer - Alex Turner
District 11 President's Memo to ACBL Board of Directors President, Mr. Ken Monzingo.
Recruiting New Bridge Players and ACBL Members - What works best?
|MW Monitor Archives
Contact Us
Website Guide
Jul 21-23 Evansville
Jul 20-30 TORONTO NABC
Aug 4-6 Dayton
Jul 31-Aug 6 COLUMBIA SC
Aug 11-13 Northern KY
Aug 19-20 Louisville (NLM)
Aug 14-20 KZOO/ST. LOUIS
Aug 25-27 Indianapolis (NLM)
Aug 29-Sep 4 PITTSBURGH
Aug 29-Sep 4 ATLANTA GA
Sep 4-10 DAYTON
Sep 15-17 Lexington
Sep 22-24 Terre Haute
Sep 29-Oct 1 Owensboro
Sep 30-Oct 1 Cincinnati (NLM)
Oct 2-8 FORT WAYNE
Oct 13-15 Louisville
Oct 20-22 Columbus
Oct 16-22 BUFFALO
Oct 27-29 Cincinnati
Oct 23-29 CHARLOTTE NC
Nov 4-5 D11 NAP FINALS(Cinti)
Nov 6-12 LOU/LEX
Nov 13-19 Indianapolis
Nov 23-Dec3 SAN DIEGO NABC
Nov 27-Dec 3 Dayton
Dec 25-31 Holiday STaC
Dec 27-Jan 2 MYRTLE BEACH SC
Steve Moese
Potter Orr


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Forum for Clash of Clans - Wiki, Builder, and Clan Finder
jeudi 17 mars 2016 06h52
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Jimmie Johnson News
News on Jimmie Johnson continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
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Angie, mama to Anna '01, Mia '04, and Leif '08 and '03 '07 '12.Expecting someone new in 7/13!
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Mama to DS (8) and DD (7) Aristotle was not Belgian. The central message of Buddhism is not "Every man for himself." And the London Underground is not a political movement.
Mom of one (12/28/02) ,one (12/2/03), one (12/28/05) and 2 and 2
Jenn<>< crunchy conservative mama to 6
and my way through my stash.
Originally Posted by Jordansmommy
We had a terrible start... bad latch, horribly sore nipples, overactive let down... it took a good 12-13 weeks before I didn't feel like quitting every day. My mom kept telling me it was ok to quit and I was formula fed and turned out fine... and how on earth would I find time at work to pump for a year!?!?!? :
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text:
Retrojan ships Australia wide. Pick up available from Melbourne warehouse unless otherwise indicated in the product information.
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- Metro Melbourne, Sydney and Canberra - 2-3 business days
- Metro Brisbane - 3-4 business days
- Metro Adelaide - 4-6 business days
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- All other areas - between 5-10 business days
Please note that slight colour variations may appear due to the settings and type of computer/mobile device from which you are viewing the website.
Made from 100% iron and available in a heavily oxidised finish, these little storage baskets are great piece of vintage-look home décor.
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JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
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Secure Form Has Unsecure ElementsAsked by psgerardi on February 04, 2015 at 06:07 PM
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text:
FBI Joins Hate Crime Investigation Into L.A.-Area Mosque Vandals
The Islamic Center of Hawthorne
Google Maps
The FBI and Hawthorne police were pairing up for hate-crime investigations of vandalism over the weekend at two Los Angeles–area mosques.
The vandalism follows a string of reported hate crimes at mosques across the nation after a married couple radicalized in the ways of Islamic extremism killed 14 people and wounded 21 in San Bernardino on Dec. 2.
Hawthorne police say the first report of vandalism came in at 6:30 a.m. Sunday.
Cops responded to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Baitus-Salaam Mosque, where the word "Jesus" was spray-painted in white on a fence, Lt. Aimee Yoshida said.
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Officers also found a "hand grenade–type device" in the mosque's driveway, prompting an evacuation and a bomb squad response, police said.
The device was determined to be a plastic replica.
Cops said they also were called to the Islamic Center of Hawthorne for a similar report — vandalism. Someone spray-painted ''Jesus is the way'' on the front of that facility, Yoshida said.
Investigators believe the vandalism at both locations took place "overnight," she said. Police weren't saying whether they believe the incidents were linked, despite the similarities.
The FBI has joined the investigation, and "both incidents are being classified as hate crimes," Yoshida said.
"The FBI is committed to ensure law-abiding citizens are protected and to deter those who would threaten them," the bureau said in a statement. " ... The FBI takes seriously all acts or threats of violence and reminds the public to remain vigilant and immediately report any crimes or suspicious activity to law enforcement."
Ibrahim Hooper, spokesman for the Council for American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), said, "We don't literally have time to issue a statement on every incident because they're coming in so fast and furious."
A suspect was in custody after a Coachella Valley mosque was set on fire last week.
Hawthorne's police chief, Robert Fager, had just participated in a post–San Bernardino interfaith "walk-and-rally" co-hosted by the Islamic Center Saturday, Yoshida said.
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Ever wished you could view full quality HDTV throughout your house without a closet full of equipment in every room? CMX88 integrates everything you need to distribute all your HDTV video and audio sources to all the displays throughout your home.
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Introducing you to the Peebles phone number page. A local number is always handy for your business, especially if you are currently advertising your mobile number. The Peebles phone number gives your business that local feel and a professional appeal compared to a mobile number.
Buy a 01721 number and have it pointed to your existing landline or mobile phone.
01721 number online by clicking
Have a question? Call us or view our Frequently asked questions here
Please remember that a Peebles phone number can take up to 5 days to become active if there there is a rare situation.
Pence Per Minute: If to a landline: 3p
Pence Per Minute: If to a mobile: 9p
Set up Fee: FROM £15.00
Monthly Rental: £5.00
The minimum contract term is just 30 days
International Routing - Charges
Order your Number Below
* - Monthly rental
All prices exclude VAT.
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Mineral Eyeshadow
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100% Vegan and Cruelty-Free! Made in the U.S.A.
(Chartreuse w/ turquoise sparkle) Bright yellow-green shadow. Try it alone or as an accent in the inside corner of eyes!
100% Vegan and Cruelty-Free! Made in the U.S.A.
All of our products always exclude scary preservatives like parabens and cheap fillers like talc and bismuth oxychloride!
Mica, Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxide, Tin Oxide, Boron Nitride, Calcium Aluminum Borosilicate
NET WEIGHT: 2 grams