text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|16 Aug 2011
|Filing date
|10 Oct 2007
|Priority date
|17 Oct 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Stefan Hauttmann, Wolfram Maring
|Original Assignee
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (7), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to the field of fast high-current electron sources for X-ray tubes. In particular, the present invention relates to an emitter for X-ray tubes, further, a heating device for the emitter, a setup consisting of the emitter and the heating device and a heating method to heat the emitter.
The future demands for high-end CT and CV imaging regarding the X-ray source are higher power/tube current, shorter response-times regarding the tube current (pulse modulation) and smaller focal spots (FS) for higher image quality.
One key to reach higher power in smaller FS is given by using a sophisticated electron optical concept. But of same importance are the electron source itself and the starting condition of the electrons.
For today's high-end tubes directly heated thin flat emitters are used that are structured to define an electrical path and to obtain the required high electrical resistance. Basically, two different emitter designs comprising the explained features are well known: An emitter with a round or rectangular emitting surface/emitting section.
The first of the two types, for example explained in U.S. Pat. No. 6,426,587 B, is a thermionic emitter with balancing thermal conduction legs. The second type is explained later on. Both types have in common that they are directly heated thin flat emitters and that both emitter designs use slits to create an electric current path.
Generally, these types of emitters have a small thermal response time due to their small thickness of a few hundred of micrometers and sufficient optical qualities owing to their flatness. Variations of such designs are implemented in today's state-of-the-art X-ray tubes.
For directly heated electron sources it is essential that electrical resistance of the emitter and supplied current fulfill a required relation to release the necessary power within the filament following the equation for the power
To achieve high power it is possible to apply high current or to increase the electrical resistance of the emitter. The last way may be realized with the known emitter of U.S. Pat. No. 6,426,587 B1.
The advantage of the emitters of the aforesaid types is that the entire electrical path can be realized with thin wires and narrow slits, resulting in a small device which is optimal for medical X-ray tubes. The disadvantage however may also based on the structuring: The electrical field may penetrates into the slit and the potential lines therefore bend into the slit region. If an electron is emitted from the surface perpendicular to the optical axis but within the region of deformed potential, its tangential velocity component may increases which causes stronger optical aberration of the source resulting in enlarged focal spots. An improvement of these known electron sources is essential.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide an emitter which enables to get still smaller focal spot sizes while using today's sophisticated electron-optical lens systems.
This object is achieved in accordance with the invention in an emitter for X-ray tubes comprising a flat foil with an emitting section and at least two electrically conductive fixing sections wherein the emitting section is unstructured.
As hereby defined, the term 'unstructured' means that the emitting section has no slits and shows therefore a solid and plain surface. Due to the unstructured emitting section the electrical field is less disturbed as in slit structured emitting sections as known from the art. Surprisingly, eliminating the slit structure reduces the achievable spot size significantly. The emitter leads to smaller focal spot sizes than achievable with common electron sources without losing the necessary fast response times for medical examinations.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the foil has a uniformly thickness in a range between 50 μm and 300 μm, preferably, in a range between 100 μm and 200 μm.
According to another preferred variant of the invention, the foil consists of tungsten or a tungsten alloy.
Further, in another embodiment of the invention, the emitting section has a rectangular shape, particularly, a quadratically shape.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the fixing sections have a spring structure. Due to the fact that one major problem of an unstructured flat emitter is the thermal expansion, the spring structure of the fixing sections may compensate this expansion. This compensation could lead to a significantly reduced deformation of the emitting area and thus to a further increased optical quality of the emitter.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, each fixing section is connected with a corner of the emitting section. This arrangement of the fixing sections allows to apply a mechanical pretension in a way, that the elongation of the emitting area during its hot phase is compensated. The spring structure of each fixing section must be designed following the boundary condition that this pretension causes no plastic deformation. Furthermore, this structure may forms a heat barrier between further terminals located at both ends of the emitter (heat sink) and a hot part of the emitter which leads to the necessary well-defined emitting area.
Furthermore, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the direction of the resilience of each fixing section is in-line with one diagonal of the shape of the emitting section to compensate the thermal expansion of the emitting section in all plane directions. This leads to a still better compensation of the elongation of the emitting section/emitting area.
The present invention also relates to a heating device to heat the emitter, comprising a flat structured heating section and at least two fixing sections. The heating section is preferably subdivided by a plurality of slits into a plurality of thermal regions. By implementing the heating device with an inhomogeneous temperature distribution, a cold center and an increasing temperature to the edges, in combination with a direct heating of the fixing sections of the emitter leads to an homogeneous temperature and hence electron emitting distribution.
According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the slits have a spiral shape.
According to another exemplary embodiment, the present invention includes a setup comprising the emitter and a heating device.
Another object of the invention is a heating method of the aforesaid setup. The method preferably comprises an electron bombardment onto the emitting section of the emitter and to apply an electrical current IH onto at least two fixing sections of the heating device. Additionally the method comprises to apply an electrical current into the at least two fixing sections of the emitter.
If it is essential that the response time of the emitting current is short, only little heat capacity should exist or a fast cooling concept must be used. For known directly heated filaments high electrical current is preferred and therefore thick current supply lines and contacts as well as a large cooling system may used. This is not practicable within an X-ray tube for medical applications due to its small size for manual movements or gantry application. The only way to achieve that would be to decrease the thin flat emitter thickness to a few μm which is not practicable owing to the reduced emitter stability during high CT-gantry rotations and accelerations. Therefore the aforesaid heating method may preclude the disadvantages of known methods.
A practicable indirect heating method may be given by a heat flux generation by accelerating electrons that are emitted from a directly heated emitter behind the indirectly heated nonstructured emitter (IHFE). This method is described in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 19, No. 6, December 1991 and in the patent US 2004/0222199 A1. But these applications suffer from their large sizes and heat capacities with heating-up times of t=10 s or longer which is much to slow for medical applications. By reducing the size may the mechanical stability with respect to the flatness of the emitting surface and the temperature homogeneity get lost. These arising mechanical and thermal problems may be solved by the method of the invention.
It has to be noted that embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to different subject matters. In particular, some embodiments have been described with reference to apparatus type claims whereas other embodiments have been described with reference to method type claims. However, a person skilled in the art will gather from the above and the following description that, unless other notified, in addition to any combination of features belonging to one type of subject matter also any combination between features relating to different subject matters, in particular between features of the apparatus type claims and features of the method type claims is considered to be disclosed with this application.
The aspects defined above and further aspects of the present invention are apparent from the examples of embodiment to be described hereinafter and are explained with reference to the examples of embodiment. The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter with reference to examples of embodiment but to which the invention is not limited.
These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following, with reference to the following drawings.
A directly heated thin flat emitter 1 with a rectangular emitting surface 2, as known from the art, is shown in
Even the emitter 4 of
The result is illustrated in
The shown setup 29 and operation mode may provides heating-up and cooling-down times of t<0.1 s while switching between T1=2240� C. and T2=2050� C. which corresponds to an emission reduction from 100% to 20%.
One way to realize an indirect heating of the emitter 26 with the non-structured emitting section 30 is given by the heating device 27 with the combination of an electron emitting part and the real filament that injects electrons into the electron optic. The electrons that are emitted from the heating device 27 are accelerated towards the filament of the emitter 26 by applying an electrical voltage between these parts with the heating device 27 on negative potential with respect to the optical emitter (filament). When the electrons impinge onto the filament's backside, their kinetic energy is transformed into heat and the filament temperature rises. Additionally, energy is transferred to the filament by radiation. This principle setup is shown in
The heating device 27 is directly heated by electrical current and therefore needs a high electrical resistance which is e.g. realized by a meander structured foil. To avoid electrons emitting from the side wall of the foil into the optical system, a blocking frame 36 is implemented around and on the heating device's backside (
Furthermore, this structure forms a heat barrier between the terminals at both ends (heat sink) and the hot part which leads to the necessary well-defined emitting section 30.
The principle emitter design as shown in
A different design is presented in
The temperature distribution of the 7 mm�7 mm emitter, when heated by a 6.5 mm�6.5 mm heater with a homogenous temperature, is generally shown in
Another idea of this invention is given by using a heating device 50 with a decreasing temperature from the edge to the center (
Another improvement of this invention is as follows: The pretension spring structure by itself has a relative high electrical resistance compared to the emitting area. Hence, by applying an electrical current to the terminals, the springs are heated up and the temperature difference ΔT decreases. In principle this is shown in
Realizing thicker and larger structures, the above mentioned problems to guarantee a homogenous temperature distribution of the emitter and its mechanical stability, especially regarding the flatness, can drastically be reduced. But for medical applications, it is necessary to realize an emitter with a fast thermal response like it is provided by the thin and small indirectly/directly heated electron source design.
with Richardson constant A=120 A/cm2/K2, work function We=4.5 eV for tungsten and Boltzmann constant kB=1.38e-23 J/K. As is illustrated in
The invention generally includes a setup of an electron source for X-ray-tubes comprising a non-structured indirectly-heated or directly/indirectly heated flat emitter section with fast response regarding to the emitting current. This setup leads to smaller focal spot sizes than achievable with common electron sources without losing the necessary fast response times for medical examinations. By implementing a heating device with an inhomogeneous temperature distribution, a cold center and an increasing temperature to the edges, in combination with a direct heating of the fixture part of the emitter leads to an homogeneous temperature and hence electron emitting distribution. One way to realize an indirect heating of a non-structured foil is given by a combination of an electron emitting part and the real filament that injects electrons into the electron optic.
It should be noted that the term "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps and the "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. Further, it should be noted, that any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|30 Jun 1989
|27 Aug 1991
|General Electric Cgr S.A.
|X-ray tube with a flat cathode and indirect heating
|9 Jun 1994
|20 Jun 1995
|Rentzepis; Peter M.
|Compact high-intensity pulsed x-ray source, particularly for lithography
|15 Mar 1996
|21 Apr 1998
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|X-ray tube
|18 Aug 1997
|25 May 1999
|General Electric Company
|Emitter-cup cathode for high-emission x-ray tube
|25 Apr 2000
|30 Jul 2002
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Thermionic emitter with balancing thermal conduction legs
|1 Mar 2001
|24 Sep 2002
|Rigaku Corporation
|X-ray generator
|19 Jun 2001
|12 Nov 2002
|Photoelectron Corporation
|Optically driven therapeutic radiation source
|31 Jan 2002
|4 Feb 2003
|Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
|X-ray generator
|30 Jul 2002
|31 Aug 2004
|Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc
|Cathode for high emission x-ray tube
|24 Jul 2002
|6 Feb 2003
|Erich Hell
|Directly heated thermionic flat emitter
|8 Apr 2004
|11 Nov 2004
|Shigetaka Haga
|Electron bombardment heating apparatus and temperature controlling apparatus and control method thereof
|16 Jul 1919
|18 May 1921
|Siemens Ag
|Gluehkathode fuer Roentgenroehren
|13 Mar 2000
|26 Jul 2001
|Siemens Ag
|Flat thermionic emitter that prevents adverse effects of thermal stresses on emitter distortion - has devices that compensate for deformations caused by heating emission surface and hold transition points between emitter and legs substantially stress-free
|25 Apr 2000
|8 Nov 2001
|Siemens Ag
|Thermionic flat emitter of rotary X-ray tube e.g. for medical applications - has disc fixed on emitter arms and positioned beneath opening for ion entrance in emission surface, disc having comparatively large mass and high melting point
|12 Mar 1999
|21 Sep 2000
|Siemens Ag
|X-ray tube, especially a rotating bulb tube for producing different selected focal spots, has a hybrid emitter with different concentric emitter surface regions operated individually or in groups
|28 May 1996
|12 Dec 1996
|Ceradyne, Inc.
|Directly heated dispenser cathode and method of manufacture therefor
|Herniter et al: "Temperature-Limited Electron Bombardment Heating Method"; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol. 19, Issue 6, Dec. 1991, pp. 1279-1289.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|21 Jan 2010
|24 Jul 2012
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Thermionic emission device
|29 May 2008
|15 Jul 2010
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|X-ray emitting foil with temporary fixing bars and preparing method therefore
|21 Jan 2010
|22 Jul 2010
|Joerg Freudenberger
|Thermionic emission device
|6 May 2011
|17 Nov 2011
|Joerg Freudenberger
|Thermionic surface emitter and associated method to operate an x-ray tube
|29 Apr 2014
|29 Oct 2015
|General Electric Company
|Emitter devices for use in x-ray tubes
|18 Jun 2014
|24 Dec 2015
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|18 Aug 2015
|9 Mar 2017
|Siemens Healthcare Gmbh
|U.S. Classification
|378/136, 313/341, 313/337, 313/310, 313/338
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|21 Apr 2009
Owner name: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N V, NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HAUTTMANN, STEFAN;MARING, WOLFRAM;REEL/FRAME:022572/0495
Effective date: 20071012
|16 Feb 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Harpy Queen is an Uncommon card found in the Breakout set of .hack//Enemy.
Tips and StrategiesEdit
Harpy Queen requires two PC cards to have been played prior to playing it. It's best to play cards with effects allowing cards to be played hidden, but if PCs with difficult play requirements (such as higher level PCs) often show up in the hand, it wouldn't hurt to play them hidden to fulfill play requirements. Harpy Queen has a decent strength rating, and its to play cost at least allows the two hidden PCs to be returned to the hand for use later. Its reward allows any card to be played directly from the discard pile, which is always useful.

subset: commoncrawl


text: We're headed to URI over Easter and want to take our son and 2-3 of his college friends out for a nice dinner. We can't afford Castle Hill or Fluke or anything too fancy. Where can we get a great meal in the $10-$15 an entree range? Something that would make them feel cool... Maybe a little offbeat, memorable?


text:
This air-conditioned beach hotel comprises a total of 403 rooms over 12 floors. It offers an elegant mixture of Cote d'Azur charm with Monte Carlo prestige. The hotel offers a spacious garden area and seafront terraces. Guests are welcomed in the lobby, which offers a 24-hour reception, as well as a hotel safe, hairdressing salon, currency exchange, a newspaper stand and lift access to the upper floors. A small supermarket and shops are also available. Younger guests will enjoy the children's playground. Business travellers can make use of the conference facilities, which offer space for up to 1800 people. A theatre room is also provided. The hotel offers Internet access, room service and a laundry service. Those arriving by car may leave their vehicles in the hotel car park/garage (fees apply). Babysitting is available on request through the concierge desk.
The hotel is located next to its own private beach. Jimmy's Disco, the Japanese Garden and the Grimaldi Forum Conference Centre are all around 5 minutes away, and there is a casino 10 minutes away. Public transport is located opposite the hotel. Nice Cote d'Azur Airport is approximately 25 km away and it is possible to order a helicopter transfer from the hotel to the airport.
The comfortable rooms have all been completely refurbished in Mediterranean or contemporary style. Classic rooms are with city view, the deluxe rooms offer direct and private terrace with a full sea view. Deluxe and Executive rooms can be facing the sea or have a side sea view. For the ultimate experience, VIP guests can choose the penthouse, a special floor with 30 rooms and exceptional suites that offers spectacular views. All rooms are en suite with a shower, bath and a hairdryer. Each room offers a double- or king-size bed, direct dial telephone, satellite/cable TV, radio, hi-fi, Internet access, safe, minibar and an ironing set. Further standard features of accommodation units include individually regulated air conditioning and central heating and a balcony or terrace. Connecting rooms are available in all room types.
The hotel features 2 outdoor swimming pools and a sun terrace with complimentary sun loungers and parasols laid out for use at the water's edge. The hotel also offers a heated indoor swimming pool, a steam room and a gym. For an additional fee guests may use the hotel's own solarium as well as various massages and a beauty salon, Ayurveda, tension relieving techniques and personal training. In the summer, guests can try their hand at a range of water sports, including water skiing, jet skiing, diving, banana boating, sailing, canoeing and pedal boating, all leaving from the hotel's own private pier. Daily aerobics courses are available under the guidance of a personal trainer. Nearby tennis courts and golf courses are on offer as well as ski slopes, which can be reached by helicopter. Moreover, sun loungers and parasols are available at the hotel's private pebble beach.
A buffet breakfast is served each morning at the hotel. Lunch and dinner can be taken � la carte. Guests can enjoy a drink at the caf� and 2 bars, and dine in the 2 � la carte restaurants, including the award-winning Restaurant L'intempo, which is open 24 hours.
American Express, Diners Club, MasterCard and VISA are accepted at this establishment.
By car: take the highway in the direction of Monaco, Menton and Italy (Ventimiglia), then take the exit for Monaco. Continue along the coastline to the port along the beach on Avenue Princess Grace. The hotel is located is reachable within 7 minutes by helicopter, bookable through the hotel or at the airport upon arrival.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
HiFi stereo system
Internet access
Iron and board
Double bed
King size bed
Central airconditioned
Individual airconditioned
Central heating
Wheelchair accessible
Disabled bathroom


text:
1971 SS-454 Elcamino
- Condition: Used
- Make: Chevrolet
- Model: El Camino
- Type: Sport Pickup
- Year: 1971
- Mileage: 24,998
- Color: Red
- Engine size: 454
- Number of cylinders: 8
- Power options: Air Conditioning
- Fuel: Gasoline
- Transmission: Automatic
- Drive type: RWD
- Interior color: Black
- Options: CD Player
- Vehicle Title: Clear Want to buy? Contact seller!
1971 Chevrolet El Camino
I purchased this car almost (6) years ago sight unseen from a purportedly reputable "Ultimate East Coast" Company thatclaimed to havehigh standards anda truthful & honestnature. Well that was (6) years ago and during that time I have spent 26k perfecting what wasdescribed and sold to me as an almost perfect car. During the process I named her LiL Red and have driven her less than 500 miles.
LiL Red has always presented very well it's that her beauty was only skin deep when I purchased her and she was shipped to my home in Victoria, Texas. A small city in thesouth approximately 115 miles South West of Houston and 120 milesSouth of San Antonio. There is only a hub Airport in Victoria so plan on changing planes a couple of times or driving from one of the larger surrounding Cities if you desire to see LiL Red in the person.
1971 SS-454 Elcamino- Cowl Hood - 3spd Turbo 400 - 12 bolt Read End - Positrac - Bucket Seats - Horse Shoe Shifter- Power Steering - Power Brakes - Air Conditioning - AM-FM-XM-CD
To give mybeautiful girl, "LiL Red" more than just the pretty face that she came withstarting from one end to the other I have replaced her Radiator - Alternator - Air Conditioning - Exhaust System - Tires - Windshield Wiper Motor - Wiper Washer Pump - Wiper Blades - Gas Tank - Charcoal Emission Canister - All Belts - Tires - Wheel Bearings - U Joints - Upper Ball Joints - Headliner -Shocks - Side Glass -Rear Glass - In Dash Lites - Head Lights - Seat Belts - Bed Liner - Stereo - Speakers - etc."Lil Red" looks spectacular, has the right features, options and will make a very nice addition to somebodies collection and will evoke much conversation and inquiry. I'veowned Corvettes, Porsches, 300ZX, NSX, Viper and "LIL Red" gets the most attention. I surmise this from the fact while sharing chassis from its brother the Chevelle the likely hood of seeing a "LIL Red" is not very common.
"LiL Red" is a beautiful 45yo car andis for sale @ $49,500. Apricesignificantly below her build / replacementcost. For serious buyers I will be happy to answer your questions viae-mail. I am not really interested in taking a trade but under the right circumstance / vehicle would certainly consider it. Also please make sure you want the car before hitting the buy it now button. I am a very infrequent ebayer but I am understanding of its policies and protocol. This is a very nice 45 year old used classic car.A car thatis 45 years old will no doubt have some scratches, bumps, or minor issues. I have made the best possible attempt to accurately describe this car and make no warranties whether actual or implied in nature.
My name is Keith Redburn and email questions to email@example.com


text:
ORCHARD PARK, N.Y. - The Eagles took a different path to defeat Sunday.
Instead of blowing an early lead as in their previous three losses, they staged a second-half rally. The Eagles still came up short, however, suffering a 31-24 setback to the Buffalo Bills at Ralph Wilson Stadium.
"It's tough," Eagles coach Andy Reid said. "I appreciated the way the guys battled. They continued to battle the whole game. If we can fix the mistakes, we can get this thing turned around."
Reid's football team is struggling. Four straight defeats - the team's longest skid since it also lost four in a row in 2005 - dropped the Eagles to 1-4 for the first time since 1999, which was Reid's first season as their coach.
Since the NFL went to a 16-game schedule in 1990, only five teams that started 1-4 wound up making making the playoffs: the 2004 Green Bay Packers, 2002 New York Jets, 2002 Tennessee Titans, 1993 Houston Oilers and 1992 San Diego Chargers. All five teams also won their division.
"At some point, you would hope things will turn around for us," quarterback Michael Vick said. "But only time will tell."
The Eagles looked as if they would start that turnaround Sunday.
After falling behind 28-7, they kept fighting until they drew within seven points at 31-24 on rookie Alex Henery's 35-yard field goal with 9 minutes, 29 seconds left in regulation.
Two major mistakes down the stretch cost them the opportunity to at least force overtime.
The Eagles had driven to the Bills' 25-yard line when Vick fired a short pass to wide receiver Jason Avant. Cornerback Drayton Florence jarred the ball loose and linebacker Nick Barnett snared his second interception of the game to thwart the Eagles' scoring attempt.
Avant also lost a fumble earlier the game. The Eagles committed a season-high five turnovers, including four Vick interceptions.
"I don't know what happened," Avant said. "The first one (the fumble), I thought I had it secured and the guy (Bills safety Jairus Byrd) knocked it out. On the second one, (Florence) came for the ball before I had a chance to tuck it in. It was a great play by him."
Despite all the miscues, the Eagles had one last shot at completing the comeback.
The defense forced the Bills into a fourth-and-1 situation with 1:23 left. The Bills initially sent punter Brian Moorman out but decided to keep the offense on the field.
Bills quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick barked out signals, varying his cadence in an effort to draw the Eagles offsides. Although the ploy rarely works, it did this time. Just as the playclock was about to expire, Eagles defensive end Juqua Parker lurched across the line of scrimmage. The 5-yard encroachment penalty gave the Bills a first down and allowed them to run out the clock.
"I kind of felt like they were going to snap it," Parker said. "And I pretty much just jumped offsides."
For most of the first three quarters, the Eagles played as if they had eaten too many Buffalo chicken wings Saturday night.
The Bills jumped out to a 21-7 halftime lead. Vick's first two possessions ended in interceptions, though both balls were tipped. In between, Bills running back Fred Jackson took advantage of the Eagles' shoddy run defense with a 5-yard TD.
After the Eagles tied the score at 7-7 on Vick's 2-yard TD pass to wide receiver Jeremy Maclin, the Bills took the lead for good on Fitzpatrick's 6-yard TD pass to wide receiver David Nelson and Barnett's 31-yard interception return.
Buffalo, which was supposed to struggle this season, is 4-1 and tied with New England for first place in the AFC East.
"Nobody expected us to to be 4-1," Fitzpatrick said. "I think after losing to Cincinnati last week everyone had us pegged at 3-2 (and losing to the Eagles). ... But we think we've got a great team and we try to show that every Sunday."
Conversely, nobody expected the Eagles to be 1-4. They entered the season as the favorites to win the NFC East and contend for a spot in the Super Bowl. They are in last place in the division and among NFC teams, only St. Louis (0-4) has fewer victories.
The so-called Dream Team is now closer to having the first overall pick in next year's NFL draft as the team with the worst record than it is to making the playoffs.
"Listen, we're in this one game at a time," Reid said. "I'm not looking at playoffs or anything else. We are what we are right now and we're going to get better. We have no excuses. We've got to get better."
Contact David Weinberg:
Philadelphia 0 7 7 10-24
Buffalo 7 14 10 0-31
First Quarter
Buf-Jackson 5 run (Lindell kick), 8:03.
Second Quarter
Phi-Maclin 2 pass from Vick (Henery kick), 12:42.
Buf-Nelson 6 pass from Fitzpatrick (Lindell kick), 9:17.
Buf-Barnett 31 interception return (Lindell kick), 9:00.
Third Quarter
Buf-B.Smith 5 run (Lindell kick), 9:11.
Phi-McCoy 10 run (Henery kick), 7:17.
Buf-FG Lindell 25, 1:15.
Fourth Quarter
Phi-D.Jackson 31 pass from Vick (Henery kick), 14:51.
Phi-FG Henery 35, 9:29.
Phi Buf
First downs 24 21
Rushing 7 9
Passing 16 10
Penalty 1 2
Third down eff 2-9 6-14
Fourth down eff 1-1 0-0
Total net yards 489 331
Total plays 60 63
Avg gain 8.2 5.3
Rushes-yards 19-174 35-143
Avg per rush 9.2 4.1
Passing 315 188
Sacked-yds lost 1-0 1-5
Gross-yds passing 315 193
Completed-att. 26-40 21-27
Had intercepted 4 1
Yards-pass play 7.7 6.7
Punt returns 2-27 0-0
Kickoff returns 4-78 2-38
Total return yardage 115 90
Interceptions ret. 1-10 4-52
Comp-att-int 26-40-4 21-27-1
Sacked-yards lost 1-0 1-5
Punts 2-36.0 5-50.2
Punts blocked 0 0
FGs-PATs blocked 0-0 0-0
KICKOFFS-endzone-tb 5-5-3 6-3-2
Fumbles-lost 1-1 0-0
Penalties-yards 5-46 4-40
Interceptions 1-10 4-52
Time of possession 26:22 33:38
RUSHING-Philadelphia, Vick 5-90, McCoy 11-80, Lewis 2-8, D.Jackson 1-(minus 4). Buffalo, Jackson 26-111, Spiller 2-13, B.Smith 4-12, Fitzpatrick 3-7.
PASSING-Philadelphia, Vick 26-40-4-315. Buffalo, Fitzpatrick 21-27-1-193.
RECEIVING-Philadelphia, Avant 9-139, Maclin 6-54, D.Jackson 5-86, McCoy 4-27, Celek 1-6, Harbor 1-3. Buffalo, Jackson 6-85, Roosevelt 5-41, St.Johnson 4-29, Jones 2-25, Spiller 2-3, Nelson 1-6, Chandler 1-4.
MISSED FIELD GOALS-None.
PUNT RETURNS-Philadelphia, D.Jackson 2-27. Buffalo, None.
KICKOFF RETURNS-Philadelphia, Lewis 3-62, Cooper 1-16. Buffalo, B.Smith 2-38.
TACKLES-ASSISTS-SACKS-Philadelphia, Allen 10-3-0, Page 7-4-0, Rolle 5-4-0, Chaney 4-4-0, Asomugha 4-1-0, Jenkins 3-3-1, Babin 3-2-0, Rodgers-Cromartie 3-0-0, Tapp 2-1-0, Laws 1-1-0, Patterson 1-1-0, Anderson 1-0-0, Avant 1-0-0, Celek 1-0-0, Dunlap 1-0-0, Hanson 1-0-0, Herremans 1-0-0, Landri 1-0-0, Parker 1-0-0, Fokou 0-3-0, Coleman 0-2-0, Cooper 0-1-0, Hughes 0-1-0. Buffalo, Wilson 11-0-0, Byrd 8-0-0, Scott 4-1-0, McKelvin 4-0-0, Moats 3-2-0, Sheppard 3-0-0, Barnett 2-1-0, Carrington 2-0-0, Florence 2-0-0, Sp.Johnson 1-1-0, Martin 1-1-0, B.Smith 1-1-0, Merriman 1-0-1, Corner 1-0-0, McIntyre 1-0-0, L.Smith 1-0-0, Urbik 1-0-0, Davis 0-1-0.
INTERCEPTIONS-Philadelphia, Chaney 1-10. Buffalo, Barnett 2-47, Corner 1-4, Wilson 1-1.
MISSED FIELD GOALS-None.
OFFICIALS-Referee Walt Coleman, Ump Roy Ellison, HL Ed Camp, LJ Michael Spanier, FJ Greg Gautreaux, SJ Rick Patterson, BJ Greg Yette, Replay Bill Spyskma.
Time: 3:10.


text:
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Last minute tips for parents when the SHTF
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Preparing your bicycle for Winter or regular use later
No one wants to ride their bike in the Winter. The wind is directly in your face and icy and cold. You are naturally experiencing the wind chill effect. It's of little use when there's black ice (a thin rime of invisible icy coating), or of course snow or ice, however if there isn't any fuel and you need need to get somewhere, then much of the time in most places it's possible to continue riding in the Winter.
This means of course that you're dressed for riding. See the previous topic on tips for that.
Bikes may be a primary means of transportation in a SHTF scenario. This means you need to carefully inspect your bike. Look for dry rot in the tires. Buy extra tires. Check the brakes and adjust or replace the pads. The frame should be sound. Check and tighten loose connections. Buy a hand pump that goes with the bike. Your regular bike water bottle most certainly might freeze if kept in place.
A bicycle trailer would be supremely useful. There will be many times that you might have to haul something to and fro, but realize that you'd better be in extremely good shape to pedal uphill with extra weight attached. Likewise the weight of the load behind you will dramatically increase speeds going downhill. It's not an activity for wimps.
A cyclist must look for alternative routes to take based upon their average speed, the terrain and elevation, the crime in an area, etc. I'll bet you've cursed a bike rider before from your vehicle. Practice riding it a lot and watch how some personality times are more aggressive than others. A working bike in a collapse will be very valuable and people may steal it from you. How will you secure it?
Vehicles spray water when it's raining. A cyclist knows this and attempt to avoid it as much as possible. Bikes will do it as well, so that's important when riding with several people on them.
You need to have the correct open or closed end wrench for the nuts or adjustments on your particular bike. You need to have them on you at all times. Practice taking off the front wheel quickly in case you have to place it within a vehicle. Do you have a bike rack on your vehicle?
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Drogheda Houses
Arthur and his wife Michelle were lovely hosts and I can absolutely recommend staying at their place. They offered GPS and gave us a precise description of how to get to their place. They gave us a very warm welcome and we felt at home! They also gave us many interesting books about Ireland and places to visit. Thank you very much!Lena2015-09-04T00:00:00Z
We had a really nice experience in Arthur's home! The place is very cozy, the rooms are warm and spacious. The breakfast is enough for you start your day, with cereal, Coffee, tea, bread, fruits... everything that you need. Arthur and his wife are very friendly and helpfull. They helped us, with tips and telling us sigthseeing of the city. We just can say Thanks a million for this great stay! Nos tivemos uma otima estadia na casa do Arthur. O espaço é muito confortável, os quartos são quentes e espaçosos. O cafe da manha é completo e tem tudo que você precisa. Arthur e sua esposa são muito atenciosos e nos ajudam com varias dicas. Nós só podemos agradecer por esta estadia tão boa!Renato2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
Highly recommend. Arthur and Michelle were lovely hosts. Lovely spacious room with ensuite. Beautiful outlook from both the bedroom and the ensuite. Great coffee, porridge and home made bread for breakfast as well as a good selection of cereals. Entertaining company from Arthur and his son AJ over breakfast. ThankyouSharon2017-05-05T00:00:00Z
Great!! Michèle and Arthur are great hosts! We also met their son, very friendly !! and adorable dog Prince. Very nice house, quiet! spacious and clean room and the bathroom. Upon our arrival we were made to feel welcome, they gave us lots of tips, where to eat and what to visit. hearty breakfast. Arthur was too much trouble. Irish real as we love them !! I highly recommend this host!Carine Maxime2016-09-17T00:00:00Z
Nice house in a quiet area. Nice and clean bedroom and ensuite bathroom. Beds very comfy. Arthur and his family are really nice and fun. Felt like visiting family. Breakfast was very nice, Arthur even joined us for breakfast and made us feel very welcome. They have a huge dog - so you should like dogs if you go there. The dog is really friendly and didn't bother us at all.Ilka2016-08-05T00:00:00Z
We were made so welcome at Arthur and Michelle's home. We had to rearrange our guest numbers at the last minute and they were so accommodating. The electric blankets were a lovely touch as was the breakfast next morning... And the chat was thrown in for free! Would definitely recommend staying here especially if you want to visit Newgrange a UNESCO World Heritage site... Right on the doorstep!! Thank you both Deborah John and familyDeborah2017-02-12T00:00:00Z
Highly recommend a stay with these beautiful hosts. The room was perfect, location great for visit to New Grange. You will not be disappointed with your experience and again highly recommend.Judy2015-05-28T00:00:00Z
Stayed 2 nights, a family of 4- 2 adults, a 3 year old child and 9 month old baby. Arthur said that he would charge us for 3 people, as it the baby and the child were one adult. That was extremely strange because no one (airbnbs, hotels, sites etc) ever charged us for our child (not to mention the baby) but we agreed (the hour was very late). When we asked for the wifi code we were told that "there is no wifi, the wifi is broken". At the end of our stay I told Arthur that this is very wrong, because we rely on the wifi in planing our trip. At the end, Arthur gave us 10€ as compensation.. When we arrived, In the room there were not enough towels and two huge spiders on the bed. Breakfast is minimal (as said in the description). Bottom line- if you really need wifi, book other place. If you're traveling with little children- save some money (50€ in our case) and book other place, 99% of the houses wont charge you for the little ones. Other than that, it's a nice house.. (We have been to better houses but it is still nice).Maor2016-08-29T00:00:00Z
Room type
Private room
Property Type
Drogheda, Meath, Ireland
Great place to stay with slot of history and places to visit nearby. The accommodation has everything you need.Tristan 2015-09-23T00:00:00Z
Excellent experience of the countryside, with the battle of Boyne just on your door step. Aiden property was absolutely imazing, the very warm welcome we got when we arrived got to meet the horses, the appartment we stead in was lovely had everything we needed, was like having own place to do what ever we wanted. Aiden was very professional in delivering his property to us. Thank you Aiden for pleasent weekend.☺Bernard 2015-10-04T00:00:00Z
A cozy and very comfortable with all the necessary appliances and very clean apartment. Although it is set in a pleasant, quiet and very nice environment, the Car we could move easily. Aidan is a perfect host, going above and beyond to make our stay in their extraordinarily nice house, so we are deeply grateful. We would definitely love to return.Sofía2015-07-29T00:00:00Z
Aidan was a real pleasure throughout the whole process. His energy and love for his beautiful life and home in Donore is warming. He was kind and helpful from the start and throughout. We got welcomed into his home with a smile and a look around the very clean apartment, with some essentials and few extras in the fridge. We had access to the Internet and sky TV and plenty of leaflets for surrounding sites-there are many to see. We met Aidans beautiful horses. He was kind enough to take us out in the wagon to the pub where we enjoyed spending time with Aidan, the horses and getting to meet some locals. I cannot praise the stay enough. The location is beautiful and so much to see around the area, even if you just want a beautiful walk. We ventured on a small boat trip run by his nephew just around the corner. Nothing is too much for this wonderful family, magical weekend. Thank you!Jonathan2015-08-03T00:00:00Z
The flat in Donore is lovely. Clean and cosy, with everything you would need. In a quiet rural location with excellent riverside walks. Drogheda is a smart town,about 2km away, with nice bars and restaurants. Our host, Aidan, was a real gem. Very friendly and charming, and a mine of local knowledge. He introduced us to his horses/best friends, Clinton and Jack, who were just smashing too. A perfect base from which to visit this part of Ireland.Neil2015-09-05T00:00:00Z
Aidan is a great host. We came back for one night, it was like coming home, and we would stay again. We really loved it. It was such a pleasure to meet Aidan.Kirsten2015-09-03T00:00:00Z
The apartment is great, very modern throughout and it being split up into upstairs/downstairs is a big advantage. It feels very cosy and the surroundings are beautiful too, close to the Battle of the Boyne and many walks. Aidan and Phil are fantastic hosts.Jana2015-11-15T00:00:00Z
Aiden's place was far more than expected and he was an amazing, intelligent, funny, and accommodating host. The attached apartment was clean, spacious, and comfortable. Upon arrival, we got a quick tour of the unit and instructions on how to use the shower and appliances. The steps to the second level are quite steep but not any trouble if you watch your step. You're in for a real treat when visiting Aiden and his apartment. We appreciated the bread, butter, and juice for a late snack and a quick breakfast, it was a nice and hospitable gesture that didn't go unnoticed. Would stay at this apartment 100 more times!Ashley2015-09-07T00:00:00Z
Room type
Entire home/apt
Property Type
donore, Meath, Ireland
The house is amazing, it has a lot of space and easily accommodated our group of eight. It is in a perfect spot, peaceful but yet a quick drive into the main town or there is a small village nearby. Thank you to Ann, our host, she was really lovely. She was there to meet us and went through everything about the house. Nothing seemed to much trouble and she was around if we needed her. We would love to stay here again and definitely recommend it.Eileen2015-10-08T00:00:00Z
Ann has us very welcome. This is a beautiful home, very comfortable. We had a pleasant stay, unfortunately too short. Ann recommended a few good restaurants in the area. Nice pub not far from home to spend a pleasant evening. Thank you Ann.nathalie2014-10-30T00:00:00Z
Ann made us feel very welcome, she was an excellent host. The house is much nicer in reality, the pictures don't do it justice. We loved the rural location, the views were beautiful. And very close to Drogheda and an easy commute to Dublin. A great base to explore co Meath from would definitely recommend this house for a holiday.Fiona2016-07-31T00:00:00Z
Fabulous house, very clean and warm. Great reception area so suits party or family gathering. We went there for a big family Christmas break and had a fabulous time. Everything was perfect and Ann very accommodating. Definitely would recommend this house. Lovely village close by and drogheda was very practical for shopping. We'll be back!valerie2015-12-31T00:00:00Z
Ann was a lovely host and the pictures really don't do the house justice. every bedroom is huge and the bathrooms perfect.The place is spotless 10 of us shared the house for three days for a wedding in the area and we were all extremely impressed with the quality of the house and to a man would not hesitate to stay here again or recommend it to others.James2015-04-26T00:00:00Z
Just returned from a 3 night stay in this beautiful house. We were a group of 6 adults & 6 children & we couldn't have been happier with the accommodation. The house is spotlessly clean, decorated to a very high standard & fully equipped with everything you would need. The bedrooms are huge & the living space was perfect for our large family gathering. The location is beautiful, a short drive from Dublin but in a lovely rural area with fantastic views & plenty of outdoor space. Also perfect for visting Newgrange, Battle of the Boyne etc which are only a few mins away. Ann was the perfect host, very helpful & friendly. We will definitely be coming to stay again!Grainne2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Ann and her partner Des were absolutely wonderful hosts! They were easy to reach and more than willing to answer any questions we had. The house was beautiful; very clean and in a quiet location about 7 mins outside of Drogheda (€14 taxi ride). All the beds and furniture were incredibly comfortable - sleeping felt like luxury. We definitely had everything we needed for our stay and would not hesitate to visit Sheephouse again. Such a lovely place to soak in the magic of the green isle.Jami(URL HIDDEN)2015-08-07T00:00:00Z
Room type
Entire home/apt
Property Type
Meath, Meath, Ireland
Very good night in a lovely house. Colin is very nice, he gave us some good places for dinner. Good luck in La Rochelle, all the bestAnne-laure2016-04-20T00:00:00Z
Colin Was à very Nice host. We had à great time in his big house.Nicolas 2016-04-24T00:00:00Z
Great place to stop! Colin is a wonderful host. Took us for a drink at the pub next door. Had a lovely evening talking! Lots to see nearby, near the airport. On a pig farm so expect farm smells. Lovely area though.Maggie2016-06-26T00:00:00Z
We loved Colin's place. We wanted to spend our first night in Ireland in the country - and what better place than a working pig farm. It was as advertised: close to Dublin airport and all Boyne Valley "must sees" of Knowth, Newgrange, Tara, Trim and Drogheda itself (think St. Oliver Plunkett and The Siege by Oliver Cromwell). Colin was very helpful and his place was clean and well-maintained.Daniel2016-08-26T00:00:00Z
Colin is a great host right from the first point of contact which continues throughout the stay. I was traveling with my 5 year old son to Newgrange and surround 's and found him welcoming, mild mannered and was very kind, enough to accommodate my son and show him the pig farm, which ended up being the high light! (Not Tayto park) The house is spacious, the bed is sooo comfortable with views of rolling hills and..wild rabbit's! A big hit for both of usSandy2016-08-29T00:00:00Z
Colin was a great host. Lovely house and nice comfy bed. Perfect place to stayPatrick2016-09-20T00:00:00Z
Our stay at Colin's place was great and really uncomplicated even though we booked only two days in advance. He has a beautiful farm house and it's only a short drive to sights like Newgrange. Very much recommended!Marie2016-08-13T00:00:00Z
Had a fantastic stay at Colins. He was most hospitable and friendly. Enjoyed a tour of the pig farm and its workings. Would recommend Colins place to anyone, quiet and peaceful. 5/5.Don2016-09-18T00:00:00Z
Room type
Private room
Property Type
Drogheda, Louth, Ireland
It's an honest review. Positive things are complete privacy, beautiful house, garden, BBQ and very near to the historic places. Negative things are house was not warm enough, specially small room, child got sick. No essential breakfast items were available like bread, butter etc, had to travel 12 km and back to buy the stuff. Hot water in bath room was not enough and was very slow, so it could take one and half hours to fill up (if it doesn't get cold). Hope it helps...Nadir 2017-04-21T00:00:00Z
A wonderful house conveniently located near Newgrange, one of the major prehistoric monuments of the world in County Meath. The poroperty is very confortable in all aspects. Our host Chris has provided all hints about area, suggesting restaurants and the best pub in the area fora drink and to enjoy live music. Thanks Olivia, Ben and Chris!!!Miquel2017-05-24T00:00:00Z
Ben and Olivia's home was the absolute perfect getaway. The house was even more beautiful than the pictures seem, which didn't seem possible! Ben and Olivia were so welcoming and were very easy to talk with and very helpful. We would highly recommend their home to anyone interested!Roisin2017-04-09T00:00:00Z
Room type
Private room
Property Type
Balfaddock, County Meath, Ireland
This Airbnb accommodation was exactly as described in a beautiful country setting and still only an hour from Dublin. We stayed in 4 Airbnbs on this trip and this was by far tge best would highly recommend it to any one. Great place to stay.Brian2017-04-23T00:00:00Z
The house of Erin is fantastic! It's in a small Village with a small local supermarket in front of the house. Her decoration is wonderful, especially in the sleeping rooms upstairs. And downstairs is a bathtub, I loved it! Erin was a very helpfull host!suzanne2016-05-06T00:00:00Z
Erin was charming and sweet. Her home is beautifully decorated and very comfy. I was surprised to find that, although small, the village center had everything we needed and it all seemed recently renovated. The Pub and restaurant, the general store and Erin's home were in good condition. The general store across the street had the necessities plus a bakery and deli. Had coffee there each morning. Plus, all the historical sites of the Boyne valley were nearby, and it only took us 1/2 hour to drive to Malahide because M1 is so close. Off road parking was appreciated.Peter2016-10-08T00:00:00Z
We only stayed at Erin's house for a few days to attend a family wedding locally but the house was gorgeous and spacious and met all our needs for a family of five. In a quiet location opposite the local shop and next door to Daly's Pub (great food by the way). Erin met us on arrival to help us settle in and had even left us a small welcome pack too. Thank you Erin for a great stay, you have a lovely house (so much so my wife wanted to take it home with her!) We would highly recommended staying here.Richard2016-10-27T00:00:00Z
We had a great stay in Donore - the house (a converted farmhouse) is fantastic, full of character. House is located right in the centre of Donore a small village in the heart of the boyne valley yet only a few km from the main Dublin - Belfast Motorway. Would highly recommend.Paul2015-05-19T00:00:00Z
Erin is the best. Honestly, she met us upon arrival, gave excellent tips on the area, and booked us into tours getting us a discount at the same time. The house is extraordinary. Beautifully appointed and comfortable. By looking at the photos you may worry about noise from the road but it was perfectly quiet and peaceful inside. There are 3 bedrooms and bathrooms, including a glorious tub. As If that is not enough it is a quick drive to the airport. I'd stay here again without hesitation.Susannah2015-08-16T00:00:00Z
You know how you and your friends from college have been threatening to book a cool big old house in the country some weekend and finally have that catch up you've been chatting about for years? This is that house. It's massive. There were a LOT of us, and we never felt over-crowded or uncomfortable. There's a cosy little sitting room, and a big open plan dining/living area, and a kitchen with bar stools. One of our party was catching up on work emails in the kitchen with his headphones in while the other 8 were chatting around the big old wooden dining room table. We cooked brunch and dinner feasts with ease in the kitchen, three or four chefs cheered on by back-seat diners (and drinkers) lazing around the kitchen table. There were three bathrooms, endless fluffy towels, and beds you could just melt into after a long day. On the off chance we did get sick of each other (we didn't) the local is literally next door. Erin has thought of everything. While clearly imbued with history this place is far from shabby - the tile floors are pristine, the floral linen curtains crisp and fresh. It's the perfect mix of country charm and IKEA functionality. And don't get me started on the claw foot tub. Besides all that it's close to plenty of things - we were attending a wedding in Ballymagarvey village and had no trouble getting a cab home late (like, really late). We also took expeditions to Drogheda (5 mins by car), Duleek, and picked up fresh eggs on the Boyne Valley drive - Newgrange is just minutes away. Thank you Erin! We'll be back :)Rosemary2017-04-17T00:00:00Z
Awesome place, awesome host. Very comfortable homeCorinne2017-05-14T00:00:00Z
Room type
Entire home/apt
Property Type
Donore, Meath, Ireland
Sinead was an amazing host. We arrived quite late in the evening, she picked us up from the bus station which was lovely after a long day of travelling. She made us some tea and toast welcoming us to Donere. Her house was very cosy, and as described in the listing. She gave us directions to Newgrange Monument, the main reason for our visit which was a short 2km walk. As we were staying only one night and wanted to visit the tomb she allowed us a late checkout so that we could leave our things and leave when we needed to. Sinead made us feel very welcome in her house, and I wouldn't hesitate to recommend her to anyone. She was a wonderful host. Overall it was a great stay, and if we'd had more time we would have stayed longer than one night.Vanessa2016-01-31T00:00:00Z
Sinead was an amazingly enthusiastic and friendly host who made us feel very welcome. Our room was comfortable, quiet and clean. Donore is very close to many interesting historic sites and an easy drive to Dublin airport.Sherry & Jo2016-08-28T00:00:00Z
It was more than great. Sinead was a lovely host. It was amazing. If you want to visit newgrange it is the perfect place to stay. Only 2 km walking. There is a nice pub right around the corner. We had a wonderful evening with lots of very friendly irish people. Thank you Sinead for this amazing airbnb experience. We can defenently recommend this place. Thanks for everything. Warm wishes Tina and DominicTina & Dominic2017-05-02T00:00:00Z
Sinead was most welcoming. The room was comfortable and we enjoyed a good night sleep after a long ride. Sinead was very helpful in providing information about the local sights. We would highly recommend staying with Sinead.(EMAIL HIDDEN)2016-05-14T00:00:00Z
Stayed with Sinead for the weekend when going to see Guns N' Roses at Slane. We were welcomed amd made feel at home right away. Very friendly and a great host. Highly recommendJames2017-05-27T00:00:00Z
Sinead was a very helpfull and kind host. The talks with her where inrichend, full off humor and open minded and open harded. Thanks for this. We enjoyed very much our stay in Donore and if we had known how much you , your knowlegde of history , especially about the megalithic culture and how full of beauty and historie the boyne river valley is, we had booked longer. House, room and garden where clean, andAchim2016-08-30T00:00:00Z
If there were a perfect hostess, as it pertains to being hospitable, welcoming, generous, kind and caring, Sinead is the hostess you would wish for. Landing in Ireland for the first day, for the first time, Sinead even showed patience in reassuring me, completely vaporising any prior frets I had of landing on a foreign soil. The room was comfortable and spacious, the bathroom more than what we hoped for, and just the general feeling given to us was of home. My husband and I recommend staying at Sinead's - if only to wish upon you the experience we had. Thanks, Sinead!Sharon2016-04-18T00:00:00Z
We stayed with Sinead because her close proximity to Newgrange. We were able to park our car at her house and then walk for 5 minutes into town to eat a delicious dinner. Her home is full of charm and warmth. She went all out to make our stay comfortable. She is such a kind person and it was a very peaceful place to spend the evening. I highly recommend staying here if you want to visit some of the sights in the Boyne Valley. Thanks again Sinead!Eamon2017-02-21T00:00:00Z
Room type
Private room
Property Type
Donore, Meath, Ireland
Chris place is very nice. Well located to explore the Boyne area. House is charm, very well decorated and with everything you need.Carlos2016-05-17T00:00:00Z
A great place in terms of comfort and style. The whole facility well appointed. Terrific host.Mart2017-01-07T00:00:00Z
Most beautiful unique cosy idealic place ever seen and stayed in. Host is a gentleman. Just perfection in a fabulous placeOlive2017-02-05T00:00:00Z
Absolutely stunning accommodation! We loved our stay at The Rookery and Chris was such a great host. Great communication before hand and Chris really did go the extra mile by giving us a lift to the wedding we were attending. Thank you so much Chris!Hollie2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
We stayed at the Rookery for a wedding we had in the area and we couldn't have been happier with our stay. The Rookery is great and perfectly designed. There is lots of space and everything you can think of is provided. Chris is a friendly and accommodating host, and very willing to help out - even being kind enough to provide us with a some breakfast bits due to our late flight. He provided us with lots of knowledge and insight into the local area as well as Dublin and Belfast which was on our agenda as well. We would definitely recommend Rookery to anyone and hope we can visit again soon.Georgie2016-05-28T00:00:00Z
Chris made us feel very welcome right from the start. The Rookery was a wonderful place to stay for our week holiday. It had everything we needed and was very comfortable and cosy. We especially loved how unique it was and the bifolding doors on the very warm days. The local area was lovely, lots of places to explore nearby. We would definitely recommend The Rookery. This was our first Airbnb experience and has given us lots of confidence to use it again. Thank you!Edwina2016-07-21T00:00:00Z
Beautiful, very well equipped and cosy house, small but ideally and tastefully furnished. Good public transport to Dublin, close to Newgrange & Co. Very friendly and welcomming host.Janne2016-09-18T00:00:00Z
The Rookery is a beautiful, comfortable place with everything you could possibly need for your stay. You will not regret your decision to stay here. Chris is a terrific host. Fast and responsive communincator. He is the ultimate host. He went out of his way to help us any way he could....above and beyond, really! Location is terrific, too. Only 30 minutes to Dublin airport.Garry2016-09-12T00:00:00Z
Room type
Entire home/apt
Property Type
Louth, Louth, Ireland
My wife and I were warmly greeted by Michelle and had a very good visit. It's a lovely property close to the Boyne River. We would have liked to have stayed longer - there is so much to see in the immediate area of the Boyne Valley including Newgrange, Monasterboice, Kells, and Drogheda. We'll come back again.Kit2015-09-21T00:00:00Z
Our host was excellent and went above and beyond to make our visit high quality. We appreciate the fine pre visit communication as well.Michael2017-05-08T00:00:00Z
If you are planning to visit Newgrange this is a great place to stay. The property is scenic and very close to Dowth and The Hill of Slane.Robert2017-04-29T00:00:00Z
Traveling with my daughters, a little 'adventure to the beautiful land of Ireland we were hosted by Arthur and Michelle. Hosted say because it was just like going home to friends. My daughters very happy for the wonderful hospitality and all the animals of the farm-house. Arthur also offered us a welcome breakfast and we also tasted the scone of the neighbor. Even the dog Prince is a marvel. Ireland soon!Francesco2015-07-03T00:00:00Z
Yes, everything was exactly as described. Very nice house and lovely people.priscille2015-07-12T00:00:00Z
We had a great time at Arthurs place. Arthur, Michelle and A.J. were very friendly and helpful. Room and our own bathroom were big an clean. Breakfast also was great. Our children loved playing with the friendly big dog. I can highly recommend this place!Caroline2015-07-13T00:00:00Z
We have rarely had a warmer welcome then from Arthur and his family. The house is very well appointed and within easy driving distance of Dublin airport. The surrounding area also surpassed our expectations. Arthur's home is right in the heart of ancient Ireland where the Neolithic tombs predate the pyramids of Egypt and where the Battle of the Boyne was fought in 1690. The area also has wonderful castles, country manors and abbeys as well as a pristine environment. There are plenty of good restaurants and takeaways on your doorstep also. Our only regret was that we didn't stay long enough.Jason2016-07-05T00:00:00Z
we had a great night at arthurs house. the room was really beautiful and the bed super comfy. they welcomed us very warmly and we recommend this lovely house everyone, who wants to stay at a beautiful place with kind people. Thank you for everything!Merve2015-09-30T00:00:00Z
Room type
Private room
Property Type
Donore, Meath, Ireland
Best place to stay when beat Drogheda. The house was easy to find and well accommodated. Colin was away but ensured we were taken care of with instructions. Also, we loved being on the pig farm-quiet and cozy.Nick2016-08-07T00:00:00Z
Colin was a great host. Very welcoming and the room was massive. Colin is really easy to get with and can sit and have a chat about anything. I enjoyed my stay here. Would recommend to anyoneNaweed2016-02-12T00:00:00Z
Colin was an excellent host. He made me very welcome, even offering to pick me up when I still had a few miles still to walk. The accommodation is as described and is great value for money.Robert2016-05-10T00:00:00Z
Colin is very friendly & helpful. he certainly demonstrated an interest in his guest having a good experience. Lovely home.Michelle2016-02-25T00:00:00Z
Colin and his home were so wonderful! When we arrived he made us some tea and talked with us for quite a while before we went out for dinner. The room was beautiful, just like the pictures. We highly recommend staying here when you get the chance!Kaida2016-05-05T00:00:00Z
The location is as described, good for people who want to visit Dublin/Belfast/Newgrange and have their own car. Colin is very nice, we stayed there for 2 nights and everything was perfect.Alex2016-05-03T00:00:00Z
We spent a night in the home of Colin located in the countryside a 30min bike Drogheda, 15 minutes by bike and Newgrange Slane. It is a beautiful and very large modern home. Colin is a very good host. It is very welcoming, cozy as we have them for very beautiful and long discussions. Thank you very much!Charlotte2016-02-22T00:00:00Z
This a nice starting point to visit Newgrange (Brú na Bóinne) before it becomes to crowding. It have very big and clean rooms, where you will stay together with other guests. It's in farm but while you are in the house, you'll not notice it. And to find the place, Colin will sure help you.Marc2016-08-21T00:00:00Z
Room type
Private room
Property Type
Drogheda, Louth, Ireland


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Fort Worth, TX 76104
P 817.336.6824 x 202
Concussion is a full-service casino marketing & advertising firm specializing in Native American gaming. We deliver a blow to conventional thinking to deliver higher-than-normal results. Our firm was built to fulfill the unique needs, budgets and timelines of casinos, and our experience and understanding of all facets of casino marketing is second to none.
Tribal Recommendation: Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
Tribal Clientele: Choctaw Casinos, Route 66 Casino, Shooting Star Casino
The Penta Building Group
Associate Member since 2009
Tim Putnam, Marketing Manager
181 E. Warm Springs Road
Las Vegas, NV 89119
The PENTA Building Group is a nationally recognized, full service general contractor, with offices in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Oklahoma. The success and experience of PENTA spans a wide variety of market segments including hospitality/entertainment, gaming, education, healthcare, and Native American. PENTA has extensive experience in Indian Country, having recently completed the Shoshone-Bannock Hotel and Event Center in Fort Hall, ID. Other notable projects include Harrah's Ak-Chin Hotel Tower in Maricopa, AZ, Comanche Red River Casino Expansion in western, OK, Thunder Valley Hotel Casino Resort in Lincoln, CA, and Indian Head Casino in Warm Springs, OR. To date, PENTA has completed over 20 projects for 13 tribes.
Pimara Paul Koehler
Associate Member since 2012
Yvonne Koehler, Principal
7434 E. McDonald Drive
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
PIMARA PAUL KOEHLER provides a full range of Structural Engineering Services from conceptual design through construction administration and special inspections. The owner, Ms. Virginia Loring, is an enrolled member of SRPMIC with quite the proven track record of working in the engineering and construction industry. Clifford Paul and Jack Koehler, Principals, each have over 30 years of experience in structural engineering. Our company philosophy is centered on providing each client/project the personal attention of one of the skilled, experienced principals, and a design team which remains involved in the project from beginning to completion. This culture provides a standard of satisfying the needs of each client as our primary objective.
Tribal Recommendation: Pima Salt River, Navajo, Gila River
Planet Bingo™
Associate Member since 2005
Rick White, CEO
75-190 Gerald Ford Drive
Palm Desert, CA 92211
Planet Bingo® is a global leader and developer of patented gaming Tablet PCs, CRM, Accounting and ERP systems, casino marketing systems, multi-progressive jackpot solutions with multi-location capabilities and a myriad of electronic games that includes bingo, keno, poker, roulette, and slots. Our agile integrated platform is widely used among the most successful operators globally.
Tribal Recommendation: Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde
PNE Construction (A Division of PNE Corp.)
Associate Member since 2003
Mark Schlittler, Business Development
1081 Columbia Blvd.
Longview, WA 98632
PNE is a comprehensive design build firm. PNE has worked in Indian Country for over 14 years. PNE specializes in assisting Tribal Governments, Development Corporations and other Tribal Entities in obtaining funding and or financing for economic and community development projects, design and drawing packages, construction and start-up. Examples of projects; include but are not limited to: Gaming Facility, health clinics, housing, fueling facilities, hotel, wind turbine, drinking water and waste water infrastructure, and Tribal Community buildings and Government Centers.


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UCEDD History
UCEDD History
The UCEDD program was formed in 1967, giving an opportunity to staff and researchers at OHSU to connect the knowledge, expertise and resources of the university to persons with disabilities and the service delivery systems of the community.
The OHSU UCEDD has a 40-year history of promoting the well-being of persons with developmental disabilities through training, research and evaluation, community services, technical assistance, dissemination, and policy development. The OHSU UCEDD strives to exemplify accessibility, leadership development and collaboration for full participation of people with disabilities and their families.
University Centers for Excellence for individuals with developmental disabilities were first authorized in Title 1, Part B of Public Law 88-164.
This Act was signed into law on October 31,1963, by President John F. Kennedy, just 22 days before he was assassinated. The signing of Public Law 88-164, along with Public Law 88-156 signed seven says earlier, represented the initial legislation intended to implement the recommendations of the President's Panel on Mental Retardation Prior to signing this act, Kennedy created a President's Panel on Mental Retardation which created a report that was among the most comprehensive, multifaceted, and well researched documents in the disability field.
The concept of Universality Affiliated Facilities, now University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities (UCEDDs), came from the recommendations addressed in their report. The idea of support from higher education was stimulated by the possibility of federal funds for campus facilities to conduct research and provide training and clinical services.
Currently, AUCD has 67 UCEDDs with at least one found in every state and territory in the U.S. Each is affiliated with a major research university. AUCD also has established 34 Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities (LEND) programs and 19 Developmental Disabilities Research Centers (DDRC) which serve to meet the needs established in the President's Panel on Mental Retardation.


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2012 Master Design Silver Whole House Remodel
Award Winners Before and After
This project has won the following awards:
- 2012 Master Design Silver Award for Whole House More Than $500,000
After owning their 40-year old home in Old Del Mar, California, for more than 15 years, our clients found themselves in an environment that no longer suited their lifestyle. Their children had grown from babies to teenagers, while their parents had aged and were coming to stay for longer visits. After conducting careful research and coming to the conclusion that a remodel made more sense than moving to a new home, our clients started the design build process for their whole home.
The home's new design is an artful interpretation of California Coastal aesthetics, combined with contemporary notes and softer elements inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement. Significant structural changes opened up the home to light and ventilation while creating natural gathering places for the family. The new design added 1,723 sq. feet to the home, making a total of 4,341 sq. feet including the garage (3891 sq. feet sq. feet without the garage). Three generations now easily join together to enjoy each other and the comfortable and appealing new surroundings in their home.
The original facade of the home was a dated and dull rendition of 1970s design. The doorway was hidden from view and an unused front deck cluttered the exterior appearance.
The new facade of the home communicates a strong and appealing presence. The deck was removed and a room was added above the garage. An array of windows now allow natural light and ventilation.
The back of the existing home was a scattered mix of small windows and colorless stucco. The deck with stairs was no longer practical for the clients' visiting parents.
From the back exterior the home is now suffused with light from Pella casement windows. Sliding glass doors lead to the new family room and living room. A hipped roof accommodates the square footage added to the top level of the home. The deck was lowered to improve usability.
The kitchen's original layout offered little in the way of function and there was no area for the family to enjoy together. Being in the kitchen meant being closed off from the rest of the home.
The new kitchen welcomes the entire family. The unusual island was created with a trapezoid shape rather than with a more traditional bar seating style so that the clients and their children can interact while eating or engaged in homework and cooking.
The existing living room was dated and small, with a badly aging fireplace and a lack of comfort or personality.
In one corner of the vastly expanded living/family area, a new stainless steel fireplace sits beneath a flush-mounted television in a sleek wall of staggered porcelain tiles. (After4)
The existing downstairs bathrooms were small and outdated and unwelcoming to guests.
In a small powder room downstairs, modern glamour welcomes visitors. White inlay with white pebbles contrasts with sensuous dark chocolate floor tile.
The new master bath is four times larger than the previous one, a welcoming oasis imbued with the spirit of a modern spa.
Each bathroom was imbued with individuality to assure a richness of character throughout the home, while aligning with the overall look and feel.


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|Flying Carpet
|Created by:
|First used by:
|Currently in the possession of:
The Flying Carpet was nemuranai from the Burning Sands that allowed to fly over it. The Qolat Al-Hazaad used one of these artifacts to travel from Medinaat al-Salaam to Rokugan. [1] Another one was held in the secretive city of Gisei Toshi, purchased through Yobanjin merchants. [2]
Flying Carpets at Rokugan Edit
Flying Carpets had been brought back to Rokugan several times, beginning with the Return of the Ki-Rin in the early 9th century. Since then, travelers to the Burning Sands such as the exiled Scorpion Clan had brought back these exotic artifacts. The Kolat conspiracy has also gained access to Flying Carpets through its contacts with its gaijin counterpart, the Qolat. [3]
Craft Edit
A Flying Carpet ws a large heavy piece of cloth, woven from the hair of animals, depicting strange garish designs of great complexity. A carpet could carry between two and four average-sized adults, and it was activated uttering a unique word of command in the Mekham language. [3]
Smither Edit
Zinan was a known flying smither. [4]
External Links Edit
- Flying Carpet (Time of the Void)
- Flying Carpet (LBS - Shadow of the Tyrant)
|This article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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New in Package! Lego 30110 Harry Potter Trolley with Hedwig Polybag Set
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Toys, Dolls, Games & Puzzles
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Jul 27, 2015
- Channel: Auction House
You are bidding on a brand NEW,never used, and still in the sealed retail package Lego model 30110 Harry Potter Trolley Polybag set with Harry and Hedwig the Owl . I guarantee this set to be original Lego and NOT refurbished orsecond quality in any way (Please feel free to check my ebay feedback as I have participated in over 10000 transactions with a 99.9% rating). Pictures above show the polybag set that you will receive which has never been opened.Winning bidder to Shipping is $3.00 and will be by way of insured USPS First Class Mail. This is a USA shipping auction only. No bids accepted from users with negative feedback ratings without prior approval. Returns accepted for defective items only. Thanks for looking!


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Oferta especial
200€ ofrecidos¡Descúbrelo!
Watch out, do not be mistaken by the title ! These studs have enormous dicks are more than apetizers. With their angel faces, their bodies that look like sculptures and the "tools" they have in their boxer shorts, they have more thant you need to give you a "three course fuck", with a whole lot of thick cream..
Para publicar un comentario, usted debe tener una cuenta y estar conectMiembros


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Hill's® Science Diet®
Adult Turkey & Giblets Entrée
Product Details
Key Benefits
Clinically proven nutrition that can transform your pet's life.Science Diet® Adult Turkey & Giblets Entrée cat food delivers the great taste of turkey with giblets in a soft, smooth texture. It has precisely balanced nutrition to maintain lean muscle and vital organ health.
Benefit Nutrient How It Works Ideal body weight Precise balance of key nutrients Delivers the appropriate amount of energy to support ideal body weight. Easy to digest High quality ingredients Ensures proper nutrient absorption to keep your cat fit and healthy.
Recommended For:
Adult cats 1 -- 6 years of age.
Not Recommended For:
Kittens, pregnant or nursing cats.
Additional Info:
- Minced varieties are cooked in savory juices for great taste with a soft, "pâté" texture that's easy to serve.
- Hill's® Science Diet® cat foods are made with high quality ingredients that provide an ideal combination of nutrients for superior overall health. Our 150 veterinarians, PhD nutritionists and scientists ensure that over 50 nutrients in Hill's Science Diet cat foods work together and fall precisely within appropriate ranges, avoiding nutrient excesses and deficiencies that can impact your cat's long term health.
- 100% Guarantee -- your cat will love the taste or you can return the unused portion for a full refund.
Other Products to Consider
- If your cat likes the texture of Minced canned foods, try our other Minced flavors: Savory Chicken, Gourmet Turkey, Liver & Chicken, Savory Salmon, Savory Seafood, and Gourmet Beef.
- If your cat has special needs, Minced canned foods are available in Indoor, Hairball Control and Light varieties.
- Your cat might also like a gourmet canned food with gravy. Try Science Diet® Tender Dinners in 3 Delicious & Nutritious Flavors - Chicken, Ocean Fish, and Tuna.
- For dry food, try Science Diet® Adult Optimal Care® or Healthy Advantage™ Adult dry formulas.
- For a natural food, try Ideal Balance™ Adult or Ideal Balance™ Adult Grain Free cat food dry formulas.
Feeding Guide
How to adjust feeding amounts to maintain optimal weight.HELPFUL TIPS
- Cover and refrigerate unused portion.
- Adjust feeding amounts as necessary to maintain optimal weight. If you are unsure, ask your veterinarian.
- New to this food? Mix increasing amounts of your pet's new food with decreasing amounts of the old food over a 7-day period.
- Keep fresh water available at all times!
- Your pet's nutritional needs may change as they age. Ask your vet at every checkup.
- Science Diet is available in a wide variety of dry foods, wet foods and treats for your pet's unique needs.
Adult maintenance - using 5.5 oz (156 g) can
Weight of Cat Amount per Day 5 lb (2,3 kg) 3/4 - 1 can 10 lb (4,5 kg) 1 1/4 - 1 3/4 can 15 lb (6,8 kg) 1 3/4 - 2 1/3 can
Animal feeding tests using AAFCO procedures substantiate that Science Diet® Adult Turkey & Giblets Entrée Cat Food provides complete and balanced nutrition for maintenance of adult cats.
High quality protein and thoughtfully sourced ingredients.
Water, Turkey, Turkey Giblets, Pork Liver, Salmon, Corn Starch, Pork By-Products, Chicken Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), Powdered Cellulose, Rice Flour, Wheat Flour, Corn Gluten Meal, Chicken Liver Flavor, Chicken, Soybean Meal, Guar Gum, Dicalcium Phosphate, Locust Bean Gum, Calcium Carbonate, Brewers Dried Yeast, Caramel Color, Choline Chloride, Carrageenan, Potassium Chloride, Taurine, Iodized Salt, DL-Methionine, Calcium Sulfate, Vitamin E Supplement, Thiamine Mononitrate, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Niacin, Manganous Oxide, Copper Sulfate, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin, Biotin, Calcium Iodate, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Folic Acid, Sodium Selenite.
Average Nutrient & Caloric Content
Balanced nutrition that exceeds AAFCO nutrition standards.
1139 kcal/kg (177.684 kcal/156g can)
Dry Matter1
Protein 36.7 Fat 26.5 Carbohydrate (NFE) 25.7 Crude Fiber 4.9 Calcium 0.98 Phosphorus 0.7 Sodium 0.33 Potassium 0.78 Magnesium 0.069 Taurine 0.49
1The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents.


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Tom Luginbill of Scouts Inc. says there's little for Miami fans to be concerned about, and Jimbo Fisher and his staff have done a great job luring in top talent despite losing one of the best closers in the country in Bobby Bowden.
Where can we find nation's best defensive lines? The ACC
2dAndrea Adelson
Who has the nation's fastest recruiting class?
2dGerry Hamilton
Scout's Take: WR Marquez Ezzard to Florida State
5dTom Luginbill
Can college football do anything about the length of games?
7dAlex Scarborough
Starring roles? ACC still has plenty of depth at QB
8dDavid M. Hale
Stability at head coach has been paramount to ACC's upward trend
13dAndrea Adelson
Five storylines to watch at 2017 ACC Kickoff
14dAndrea Adelson
Will new star emerge at ACC Kickoff?
15dDavid M. Hale
Scout's take: ATH Kyler McMichael brings versatility to Clemson
34dTom Luginbill
These five programs are on the rise with recruiting this summer
34dGerry Hamilton
Scout's Take: Al Blades Jr. to Miami
38dBilly Tucker
Going off the board to find ACC's 2017 statistical leaders
49dDavid M. Hale
Five 2017 recruiting losses that will haunt the ACC
50dGerry Hamilton


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Market Overview
The French Bicycle Market grew by one percent, totaling 897 million Euros (1,323 million dollars) in 2008, although by volume the market retracted. The number of bikes sold in 2008 was 3,417,100 - a decrease of 3.5% over 2007.
There are four primary modes of distribution within the Bicycle market in France: sporting goods stores, bike manufacturers' dealership networks, specialized independents and hypermarkets.
In terms of units sold, roughly one in two bicycles is sold in sporting goods stores (this is increasing), 1 in 4 is sold by independent specialists, and 1 in 4 is sold by hypermarkets. Independent specialists marketed 24.5% of the total volume, representing a gain of 1% in the market. Hypermarkets represented 25% of sales volume, a decline of 1.5%.
In terms of turnover, independent specialists remain the leaders. They represent more than half of total sales with 53.5%. Bike manufacturers' dealers gained 5% of the market, and the sales of other independents remained stable. Sporting goods stores were in second place with 37.5% of sales, marking a gain of 2%. Hypermarkets had 9% of sales, marking a reduction of 8%.
Distribution by bicycle category is as follows:
• The All Terrain Bike is marketed 53% by sporting goods stores, 24% by specialists and 23% by hypermarkets.
• The All Purpose Bike is marketed 58% by sporting goods stores, 35% by the specialists and 7% by hypermarkets.
• Racing Bikes remain the domain of specialists, with 77% of volume; sporting goods stores represent 22% of sales in this family and hypermarkets are at 1%.
• City Bikes + EABs are sold 40% by sporting goods stores, 32% by specialists and 28% by hypermarkets. The increase in Electrically Assisted Bike sales continues; they reached 3,900 units in 2005, 6,000 units in 2006, 9,700 units in 2007 and 15,700 units in 2008. Many companies subsidize the purchase of these bikes by their employees, as an environmental/health initiative.
• The All Terrain Bike-child 20" and 24" are marketed 53% by sporting goods stores, 29% by hypermarkets, and 18% by specialists.
• Children's Bikes are marketed primarily by sporting goods stores (55%) and by hypermarkets (38%).
• BMX and Cyclo-Cross Bicycles are sold pretty equally throughout the network: 38% by sporting goods stores, 36% by specialists and 26% by hypermarkets.
• Young Children's Bikes sit in a dominant position in hypermarkets with 57% of volume. Sales in sporting goods stores represent 34% of global volume, and specialists occupy 9% of the market.
Components and Accessories
The global cycle market + peripherals earned 1.4 billion Euros (2.1 billion dollars) in 2008 with 50% by specialists, 39% by sporting goods stores, and 11% in hypermarkets.
There are 4 families of peripheral products:
• Frames and Forks
• Bike Components (spare parts): wheels, tires, gears, brakes, handlebar extensions, seats.
• Accessories (outside of bike components): pumps, bags, bottles, locks, bike racks.
• Personal Equipment: clothes, gloves, leggings, shoes, helmets, other protective gear, hygiene, diet.
The components and accessories market such as wheels, pedals, brakes, locks, pumps, helmets, lights, etc. represents 37% of global sales in the bicycle sector. In 2008, sales of peripheral products reached more than 535 million Euros (789 million dollars) marking a 2% increase over 2007.
Independent specialists and sporting goods stores mainly shared this market with:
• 45% of market share for specialists
• 41% of market share for sporting good stores
• 14% of market share for hypermarkets Main suppliers of bike equipment and accessories in France are: Carnac Sport, Corima, Cyclo Protect, Cyfac, Efforts, Framy's, Hilltecks, Max-Wheel, Noret, Poli, Selle Proust, Specialistes T.A., Velox.
Best Prospects
Electrically Assisted Bicycles
The EAB market rose in 2008 with more than 15,000 EAB sold versus 9,700 in 2007. Still far behind the Netherlands, Germany and Italy, this new-concept product in France is being adapted for more diverse offerings. EAB represented sales of more than 14 million Euros with an average price of 950 Euros. Sales of the EAB were made 76% by independent specialists, 19% by sporting goods stores, and 5% by hypermarkets. Main manufacturers of electrical bikes are: Cycleurope Industries Sas (French), Velys (French), ACB Cyclo2 (French), EasyBike (French), Koga (The Netherlands), Cambridge Cycle Co. (UK), f2 Motorcycle Ltd (UK), Bestar (China), Luyuan (China), Electric Bicycle Co (Australia).
By Stéphanie Pencolé