text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 11, 1979
|Filing date
|Aug 26, 1977
|Priority date
|Aug 26, 1977
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Philip N. Sawyer
|Original Assignee
|Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (57), Classifications (24)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to cardiac and vascular prostheses and methods of making the same and materials therefor.
The major emphasis in early research on implants was performed within the field of orthopedics. (Bechtol, C. D., Ferguson, Jr., A. B., and Laing, P. G. Metals and Engineering in Bone and Joint Surgery. Williams and Wilkins Co., Balt. Chapter 1, 1-18 (1959); Scales, J. T. Arthroplasty of the Hip Using Foreign Materials: A History, Paper 13, A Symposium, Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 181 Part 3J, 63-84, (1967); Weisman, S. Metals for Implantation in the Human Body. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 146, 80-95, (1968)). The most significant addition to implant surgery in the last twenty years has been the development of prostheses for vascular and cardiac reconstruction (Wesolowski, S. A., Martinez, A., and McMahone, J. D. The Use of Artificial Materials in Surgery, "Current Problems in Surgery." Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago (1966). A major problem involved in the use of prosthetic alloplastic materials has been severe occlusive thrombogenicity (Hufnagel, C. A. The Use of Rigid and Flexible Plastic Prostheses for Arterial Replacement, Surgery, 37:165, (1955)). The search for acceptable materials and designs for vascular prostheses was of great importance because of a number of problems which were encountered with the use of polymeric and metal prostheses, autologous, homologous and heterologous bypass grafts in man. (Johnson, W. D. Auer, J. E. and Tector, A. T., Late Changes in Coronary Vein Grafts Am. Jour. of Cardiol. 26:640, (1970). and Artegraft Conference, Johnson and Johnson, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. June 23, (1973)).
Following the development of open heart surgery, an enormous effort was made in the field of prosthetic heart valves. The first successful development in this area was made by Goodman, Berg and Stuckey (Wesolowski, S. A. et al The Use of Artificial Materials in Surgery, "Current Problems in Surgery" Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago (1966)). They produced the first completely thromboresistant prosthetic heart valve. This valve was later improved by Dr. Albert Star and Edwards Laboratories (Edwards, W. S. and Smith, L. Aortial Valve Replacement with a Sub Coronary Ball Valve. Sur. Forum 9:309 (1958); Starr, A. Mitral Valve Replacement with a Ball Valve Prosthesis. British Heart Journal, 33 Supp. 47 (1971). A number of valves were further developed by several corporations. These included the Bjork-Shiley valve which is the most successful of the prosthetic heart valves available today. More recently, glutaraldehyde tanned porcine collagen prosthetic heart valves developed by the Hancock Laboratory (Sauvage, L. R., Wesolowski, A. S., Sawyer, P. N. et al. Prosthetic Valve Replacement Ann. of the N.Y. Academy of Sci. 146:289 (1968 )) have proven useful. They are resistant to intravascular thrombosis and have maintained their tensile strength following several years of implantation in man. Thus, a host of glutaraldehyde tanned collagen valvular prostheses have proven useful in man with respect to long term function and resistance to thrombosis.
Early attempts to replace blood vessels in man involved the use of rigid tubes of gold, silver, aluminum, magnesium, as well as the later development of polyethylene and polymethyl acrylic tubes (Szilagyi, D. E. Long Term Evaluation of Plastic Arterial Substitutes: An Experimental Study, Surg. 55:165 (1964); Woodward, S. C. Biological End Points for Compatibility, Plastics in Surgical Implants ASTM-STP 386, A Symposium on Surg. Implants, Indianapolis, Indiana (1964); Sawyer, P. N. Wu, K. T., Wesolowski, A. S., Brattain, W. H. and Boddy, P. J. Long Term Patency of Solid Wall Vascular Prostheses, Arch. Surg. 91:735, (1965)). In the majority of cases, these prostheses did not function satisfactorily. A major breakthrough came in 1952 when Voorhees and Blakemore described their experiments with a cloth prosthesis of Vinyon. (Voorhees, A. B., Jr., Jaretski, 111, A. and Blakemore, A. H. Use of tubes constructed from Vinyon-"N" Cloth in bridging Arterial Defects. Ann. Surg. 135;332 (1952)). This material was easy to handle, preclottable and resistant to thrombosis following implantation, although tensile strength, in situ, was lost with the passage of time. Preclotting the graft with the patient's blood produced a compound prosthesis, whereby, the lumen was covered by a fibrous neo-intima and the adventitia was enclosed by a fibrous capsule, which resulted in a well tolerated graft. Presently, the Decron graft is considered to be the most successful cloth type graft. (Sawyer, P. N. et al. Vascular Graft Symposium, Current Status and Future Trends. NIH (1976)).
Early attempts at vessel substitution with materials of biologic origin were carried out using arteries from cadavers (Wesolowski, S. A. and Sauvage, L. R. Heterologus Aortic Hetergrafts with Special Reference to Recipient Site, Ethylene Oxide Freeze Dry Preparation and Specied of Origin, Ann. Surg. 145:187 (1957). On the whole, these homografts functioned well for a period of time, but were soon replaced by fibrous tissue and calcium salts. This resulted in an inelastic structure, susceptible to thrombus, fracture, and aneurysm formation (Sauvage, L. R. and Wesolowski, A. S. Healing and Fate of Arterial Grafts, Surg. 38:1090 (1955)).
Following failure of the homografts, autografts from a patient's veins (saphenous) were used. Currently, the implantation statistics show that the saphenous vein is superior to synthetic implants (Sawyer, P. N. et al, Vascular Graft Symposium, Sauvage, L. R. and Wesolowski, A. S. Healing and Fate of Arterial Grafts, supra, and Vlodaver, C. and Edwards, J. E. Pathological Changes in Aortocoronary Arterial Saphenous Vein Grafts. Circulation 44:719 (1971)). When the saphenous vein is not available, i.e., the question arises as to which implant should be used. Experience has shown that a vascular graft must: (i) have an appropriate porosity (10,000-20,000 ml of water/square cm/minute) (Sawyer, P. N., Wu, K. T., Wesolowski, S. A. Brattain, W. H. and Boddy, P. J. An Aid in the Selection of Vascular Prosthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 53:1965.), (ii) be blood compatible, (iii) possess tensile strength and (iv) be easy to handle with respect to sewing characteristics (Sawyer, P. N. and Srinivasan, S. New Approaches in the Selections of Materials Compatible with Blood. Artificial Heart Prog Conf Proc Chapter 22, 1969).
In a effort to overcome the problems of porosity, junctional thrombosis, and small diameter compliance exhibited by most implants in the periphery, I have conducted research on copolymeric collagen remnants from bovine carotid and brachial arteries. The collagen remains intact following enzymatic digestion (ficin) and is then glutaraldehyde tanned and negatively charged.
When implanted, these grafts reveal a striking tendency to remain thromboresistant and maintain their tensile strength as opposed to other commercially available collagen grafts that possess a limited degree of patency with early loss of tensile strength. My copolymeric grafts have remained patent in the femoral-popliteal, carotid and coronary positions (Vascular Graft Symposium, supra).
As to way these types of grafts perform so well, conclusive answers are not yet available. Scanning electron microscopic studies indicate that when the grafts fail, they become occluded by an atypical thrombus. It is therefore obvious that the success of this type of graft depends upon (i) the surface modification characteristics of the collagen (ii) blood interfacial reactions' occurring, (iii) structural aspects of the collagen surface.
I have heretofore developed a negatively charged, glutaraldehyde-tanned collagen copolymeric vascular bypass graft. This new graft appears to be superior to other commercially available bypass heterografts based upon life analysis tables. The processes used to chemically modify the collagen are uniquely versatile.
I am now working with second and third generation grafts and have produced Dacron hybrid grafts of several types. The application of this graft is aimed at specific clinical problems where the saphenous vein or conventional heterografts would be considered unsatisfactory. The hybrid graft can also be applied to the total artificial heart and bypass pump chambers and Dacron skirt of heart valves providing a more satisfactory blood compatible surface.
Dacron vascular grafts have been altered, in accordance with the invention, by coating them and filling their interstitial spaces with a variety of agents, in a variety of ways, to produce grafts with superior antithrombogenic characteristics.
The techniques utilized include: (1) copolymerization of proteins to the Dacron with glutaraldehyde and subsequent negative charging, (2) aluminization of the grafts, (3) the deposit of substances which may accept from a bloody environment materials which are compatible with the environment.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved prosthesis material for making an improved prosthesis and method for making the same.
It is another object of the invention to provide for improved prosthesis characteristics in a blood environment.
To achieve the above and other objects of the invention, there is provided a prosthesis suitable for implantation in a bloody environment, said prosthesis comprising a surface material adapted for exhibiting a regular and periodic surface charge characteristic in said bloody environment, and prostheses means supporting said surface material and adapted to perform a prosthetic function in this environment.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the surface material may be aluminum. In accordance with another embodiment, the surface material may be albumin. In accordance with still other embodiments, the surface material may be agar or acrylamide.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the prosthetic means is of a material normally incapable of cross-linking to said surface material. In this case, there is provided an adaptive material to cross-link to the material of said prosthetic means and to said surface material to provide architectural continuity therebetween while preserving said surface charge characteristics.
In accordance with the invention and the preferred embodiment thereof, the surface charge is preferably equivalent to approximately one electron per thousand square Angstroms in a regular three-dimensional pattern.
According to the invention, there is provided a method for preparing a prosthesis for functioning in a bloody environment with minimal thrombogenicity. This method comprises depositing on the surface of the prostheses a material adapted for exhibiting a regular and periodic thrombosis resistant surface charge in the bloody environment. Thus, for example, a synthetic material may be adapted for use as a prosthetic material which is adapted to function in a bloody environment. This may be achieved, for example, by metallizing the material at the surface thereof.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the metallizing may take place by the vapor depositing of aluminum on the surface.
According to another embodiment, the aluminum may be sprayed in an aerosol on the surface.
The prosthesis may be, for example, of woven Dacron. Thereupon may be deposited a surface material in the form of albumin, combined with gelatin. The thusly coated prosthesis may, for example, thereafter be treated with glutaraldehyde. The material deposited on the prosthesis may be, for example, of the general category of proteins and may be applied preferably in, for example, about a 3% solution.
According to the further feature of the invention, a thusly coated prosthesis may be further treated with a succinic compound.
According to still further aspects of the invention, the material may be applied by immersing the prosthesis in a slurry of agar. As an alternative, the prosthesis may be immersed in a solution of acrylamide.
The above and further objects and features of the invention will be found in the detailed description thereof as follows hereinafter.
FIG. 1(A) is a scanning electron microphotograph group of a polarized protein;
FIG. 1(B) is a collection of scanning electron micrographs of a protein-gelatin Dacron hybrid graph;
FIG. 2(A) shows scanning electron micrographs of a gelatin-Dacron hybrid graft;
FIG. 2(B) is a group of scanning electron micrographs of a gelatin-Dacron hybrid graft;
FIG. 3(A) shows the structure of an agar coated graft;
FIG. 3(B) shows the implantation results of a protein-gelatin Dacron hybrid graft;
FIG. 4 is a group of scanning electron micrographs of an aluminum coated Dacron hybrid graft;
FIG. 5 shows scanning electron microgrphs of an agar coated Dacron hybrid graft;
FIG. 6(A) shows an aluminum coated Dacron prosthesis exposed to blood for one second; and
FIG. 6(B) shows further magnification of the prosthesis illustrated in FIG. 6(A).
As has been stated hereinabove, the invention relates to the provision of a prosthesis having the capability of functioning in a bloody environment. The prosthesis may be of varying types but it can be, for example, a vascular prosthesis consisting of a tube adapted to function as a connection for bypass or a valve functioning to operate in the cardiac environment.
The invention is based in general on having the prosthesis exhibit a regular and periodic negative surface charge characteristic in the preferred case approximating one electron per thousand square Angstroms of surface in a regular three-dimensional pattern. Under certain circumstances, the regular and periodic surface charge may be positive.
A surface material will generally be employed to exhibit the above-noted characteristic. For this reason, the present invention is concerned with hybrid prostheses which are prostheses consisting of a basic material forming a prosthesis so that it is capable of performing the desired function and a surface material which exhibits the aforenoted charge.
In case the basic material is incapable of cross-linking with the surface material, an adaptive material may be provided to offer architectural continuity and cross-link the surface material and the supporting material by being adapted to cross-link itself respectively to each of these materials.
The invention offers, for example, copolymerization for a form of protein deposition, metallizing, agar application in the form of a uniform coating and the application of, for example, acrylamide. The invention offers further selective processing of certain of the above materials by treatment with succinic acid or the like or, for example, by treatment with glutaraldehyde.
The following are details of materials and methods which may be employed in accordance with the above:
Fraction V Albumin (purified bovine or other mammalian albumin) purchased from Sigma Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., was dissolved (1, 3, 5 and 10 grams in 100 ml. of water) to produce several solutions of 1%-10% with distilled and deionized water. Gelatin (cutaneous), purchased from Baker Corporation,* was dissolved at room temperature in water, producing solutions ranging in concentration (1, 3, 5 and 10 grams in 100 mil. of water) from 1%-10%.
A Microknit� knitted or woven vascular prosthesis (Golaski Labs. Inc. of Philadelphia, Penna.) possessing 18 ridges to the inch (50 interstices per inch) was cut into 10 cm. segments (collapsed length) and cleaned in distilled and deionized water. It is then immersed in 10-20% (preferably 20%) glutaraldehyde (purchased from Electron Microscope Science Corporation of Fort Washington, Penna.) with distilled and deionized water (40 mls. of 50% glutaraldehyde in 60 mls. of water) and was allowed to stand for three hours.
The graft materials were then immersed in the appropriate protein (albumin, gelatin, collagen or the like) solution until thin (1 to 2,000 microns) coats of polymerized protein surrounded the Dacron tube. They were then suspended in air at room temperature and rinsed with water at room temperature for a minimum of 2 minutes. Care was taken to rinse the lumen of the grafts with water. The graft-protein "hybrid" prostheses were then reintroduced into fresh (20%) glutaraldehyde (40 mls. of 50% glutaraldehyde in 60 mls. of water) for 5-15 minutes. The process was repeated several times (three to ten times) until thin (1 to 2000 microns), uniformly coated grafts with their interstitial spaces filled were produced.
Several types of grafts and varying concentrations of proteins were utilized to determine optimal reaction conditions. They included 3 and 6 mm. I.D. (2-20 mm. is the range), 18 and 32 ridges/inch (10-32 ridges would be the range), and 1, 3, 5 and 10% protein solutions. It was found that the grafts possessing 18 ridges/inch (half crimp) were the optimal type of graft to modify, as they possessed the best surface configuration to provide for an even deposition of protein. The grafts having 32 ridges/inch (full crimp) had to be stretched on a glass rod of the same I.D. as the grafts in order to coat them properly. This prevented intra lumen coating and produced cracking when the rod was removed and the grafts regained their original shape. It was further that a 3% solution of protein provided the most effective coating both in optimizing time to coat and in thickness. One percent took a much longer time period to coat (greater than 1 hour). A 10% coating was achieved within 30 seconds but was very thick and did not permit obtaining the amount of flexibility required. In the aforegoing, the range of depth of the crimps is about 1 to 2 mm. and the wall thickness of the grafts is about 1/2 to 1 mm.
Using the techniques described above (i.e., 3% protein solutions and half crimped grafts) it was possible to coat both 3 mm. and 6 mm. I.D. grafts without difficulty.
The protein copolymerized hybrid grafts were further modified to enhance their net negative surface charge.
The end terminal amino acid residues were covalently coupled to succinic acid under acetylation reaction conditions (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,927,422). The grafts were rinsed thoroughly with distilled deionized water, and placed into a 10% (8-10% range) sodium bicarbonate buffer at a pH 8.5 (8.2-8.7 range) (8-10 grains in 100 mls. of water). The grafts were allowed to equilibrate with the buffer (5-30 minutes at 17�-27� C.) then ground solid succinic anhydride was added in 5 gm. portions (range 2-5 grams) to the buffer such that the final succinate solution concentration would be 1 M, (range: 1 to 5 molar) (2 to 8 micromoles of succinate per gram of protein).
The reaction was sufficiently vigorous to perfuse the the lumen of the grafts. Several aliquots (range: 3 to 5) of the solid anhydride were added directly into the lumens of the grafts which were then placed into the buffer.
At the conclusion of the reaction (i.e., cessation of effervescence), the grafts were retested on a Zarb hydrostatic testing apparatus to ascertain structural integrity of copolymerization. The grafts were recoated if necessary and then stored and sterilized in 10% (range 3-10%) glutaraldehyde.
Acrylamide was prepared in accordance with the methods of Davis et al. A solution which would yield 7% (range: 5 to 8%) gel was utilized. The graft was immersed into solution and was allowed to polymerize. The graft was removed, washed with distilled deionized water and stored in 40% ETOH and water.
More particularly, a 20 ml. solution of 28.0 gms. of acrylamide (Bio-Rad Labs of Richmond, Ca.) and 0.735 grms. of bis-acrylamide (Bio-Rad Labs of Richmond, Ca.) were added to a 20 ml. solution containing 1 N. HCl, 48.0 ml./100 ml., 36.3 gms/100 ml. of TRIS (Bio-Rad Labs of Richmond, Ca.) and 0.723 mls. of TEMED/100 ml.
A segment of graft material was added to the acrylamide solution and allowed to equilibrate for one hour (1/2-1 hrs. at room temperature). At that time, a 40 ml. solution of ammonium persulfate, 1 mg/ml., (Bio-Rad Labs of Richmond, Ca.) was added to the acrylamide-bis-acrylamide solution in order to polymerize the solution. The solution was allowed to gel at room temp. for 1/2 hour (range: 10-40 min.). During this time interval, the graft was removed and reintroduced into the gelling medium 10 (range: 10 to 20) times. The graft was removed after the solution began to gel but before a solidified gel could form. The graft was then placed into a new test tube, and the acrylamide which had coated the Dacron fibers was allowed to gel. After the acrylamide polymerized, the graft was perfused with water at room temperature for 1 hour (range: 1/2 to 1 hour).
A 3% agar-water mixture (Difco Labs, Detroit, Mich.) was made and heated to 100� C. until a uniform (aggregate free) slurry was evident. The graft material, washed three to ten times in distilled and deionized water, was immersed in the agar slurry until it was uniformly coated (100�-2,000 microns). It was then kept at 4� C. (range: 4�-10� C.) until the agar congealed. The graft was removed, washed and stored in 40% ethanol-H2 O until used.
All hybrid grafts underwent hydrostatic testing using a Zarb hydraulic pressure tester. The criterion used was the ability to withstand 30 mm (range 20-50) of Hg pressure without showing evidence of air leaks through the graft pores.
If a graft failed because of leaks during the test procedure, it was recoated by the process described above until there was no evidence of leakage. The hybrid grafts were stored in 10% glutaraldehyde until used.
Two techniques of coating a Dacron prosthesis with aluminum were utilized. They were: (1) vapor deposition and (2) hot plasma spray technique.
Vapor deposition was accomplished in vacuum at 10-5 Torr. The aluminum vapor was forced through a small opening (0.25 to 20 mm.) in a heat shield and deposited on a Dacron graft in a thin, uniform coat of 1/2 to 10 microns. This technique proved to be the best technique for coating Dacron tubular material with aluminum as it provides a vapor which coats the graft completely without localized over concentration.
Aluminum powder is heated to its melting point and is then sprayed by a pressurized aerosol-like container. This is repeated until a thin coating (1/2 to 10 microns) of aluminum is observed on the Dacron.
Implantation studies were divided into chronic and short term evaluation of hybrid graft materials.
Three and four mm. hybrid grafts were sutured (implanted) into the carotid and femoral arteries of dogs for periods ranging from 1 second to 2 months. (1 sec., 2 hr., 1 week, 1 month, 2 months).
Six mm. hybrid grafts were implanted into the abdominal aorta of dogs for time periods ranging from 1 month to 1 year (1 month, 6 months, 9 months, 1 year).
The hybrid grafts were removed from their sterile solutions and placed into a sterilized 500 ml. beaker and sequentially washed with 250 ml. of sterile saline 20�. The grafts were then placed into a sterile stainless steel bin containing 1.5 liters of sterile saline, until placed in a sterile field and implanted.
Prior to implantation, the end pieces were cut to provide an even surface for anastomosis and samples for controls, culturing and SEM studies to determine efficiency of coating and function.
End-to-end anastomosis was carried out using a running Carrell suture with 4-0 cardiovascular Dacron or other material. Precise anastomosis was carried out in all cases.
Percent patency has been determined using a semiquantative scale. This has been determined by taking the cross sectional view of a graft and dividing it into equal concentric circles of 1/4 D from the wall of the vessel. Thus, it is now possible to quantify the amount of thrombus formed by measuring the depth of the thrombus then relating it to the total cross sectional area. The numbers generated by this technique are expressed in terms of percentage of the entire vessel.
The graft-hybrid materials were analyzed using (1) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (2) light microscopy and (3) histological staining. Patency was determined using the aforementioned semi-quantitative technique.
SEM's were performed on the grafts before implantation and after removal using a Phillip's scanning electron microscope at 200�, 10K� and 20K� magnifications. With these magnifications, it is possible to resolve and differentiate platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes, and white blood cells and to visualize protein (including fibrin) deposition.
The SEM's were used to detect (1) efficiency of hybridization (to determine structural flaws in the coatings) and (2) to determine visible evidence of the type of blood prostheses interfacial reactions.
Graft sections were evaluated by the use of several standard histological stains including Hemotoxylan and Eosin (H&E) Van Geisen (Elastic VG stain), PTAH and Trichrome. Each stain specifically detects the type of material adhering to the graft or removal from the animal by the colors which are produced when the staining solution is in contact with the biological material. H&E is used to visualize cellular entities and to demonstrate if an inflamatory response has occurred and if polynucleated cells or lymphocytes are present. EVG stain is used to illustrate fibroblastic invasion and to dye the collagen present. For instance, Trichrome stains collagen blue. PTAH stain is used to demonstrate the presence of fibrin.
The following table illustrates the patency levels of the various hybrid grafts.
______________________________________% Patency of Hybrid Grafts DacronType 1 Sec 2 Hr 1 Mon 9 Mon Support______________________________________Agar 90 70 -- -- Microknit�Acrylamide 95 80 -- -- "A Unmod 99 99 95 -- " (-) 99 99 99 X "G Unmod 99 80 80 -- " (-) 99 99 99 X "A&G Unmod 95 90 90 -- " (-) 99 99 99 X "Al 99 99 99 X WVE Old WeslowskiAl 99 99 99 X Weave Knit______________________________________ A -- Albumin G -- Gelatin
Table 1: Relates the type of hybridization, time of implantation and percent patency. Column 1 is the type of "coating" and subsequent negative charging. The next 4 columns are the time parameters at which they were analyzed. The numbers represent the % of patency. A check indicates that the graft is still functioning in-vivo. A--indicates that that parameter was not measured. The last column is the type of Dacron support used with that particular modification.
The following figures are SEM studies of the following hybrid grafts before and after implantation, negative charged and unmodified, of (i) Albumin (A) coated grafts, (ii) Gelatin (G) coated grafts, (iii) a 50/50 mixture of albumin and gelatin in a concentration of 3% each (AG), (iv) acrylamide coated graft (ACD), (v) agar-agar coated grafts (AGR), and CVD aluminum coated grafts (Al).
FIG. 1(A) shows scanning electron micrographs of a polymerized protein, namely, of an albumin Dacron hybrid graft. This series of photographs demonstrates the homogenicity of a protein on Dacron surface.
FIG. 1(B) shows scanning electron micrographs of a protein-gelatin Dacron hybrid graft. The photographs show a homogeneous surface prior to and after exposure of the surface to blood for 1 second.
FIG. 2(A) shows scanning electron micrographs of a gelatin-Dacron hybrid graft. These photographs reveal minor cracking of the polymerized surface at high (10K�) magnification.
FIG. 2(B) shows scanning electron micrographs of a gelatin-Dacron hybrid graft. Following polymerization of the hybrid, the surface was chemically treated (succinylating) to produce a net negative surface charge. These micrographs indicate that the negative surface at 1 second, 2 hours, and 1 month is far less reactive then the unmodified hybrid surface. The unmodified surface has a dense amount of cellular protein deposition thereon, while the negatively charged surface attracts fewer cellular aggregates. The patency rate for the negatively charged grafts was approximately 90% as opposed to 60% for the unmodified surface at 2 hours.
FIG. 3(A) shows the smooth structure of an agar coated Microknit� Dacron graft and FIG. 3(B) shows implantation results of a protein-gelatin Dacron hybrid graft. The SEM photographs reveal that the protein-gelatin negatively charged hybrid is less reactive at 1 second, 2 hours and 1 month than the unmodified graft. Many erythrocytes entrapped in a protein matrix can be seen in the unmodified surface while the negatively charged surface possesses few red cells and no visible platelets. Patency rates for the negatively charged grafts was approximately 90% as opposed to 70% for the unmodified grafts at 2 hours.
FIG. 4 shows scanning electron micrographs of an aluminum coated Dacron hybrid graft. Following implantation, the graft was examined. Little protein deposition could be seen. A layer of cells which appear to be erythrocytes and monocytes bound to fibrinogin seem to be sparsely coating the surface. The metallic coating may be toxic to cellular elements, as the monocytes are atypical. The patency rate in all cases was 100%.
FIG. 5 shows scanning electron micrographs of an agar coated-Dacron hybrid. Implantation results indicate a reactive surface with cellular and protein deposition. Patency rates were 80% at 1 sec. and 40% at 2 hours.
FIG. 6(A) shows an aluminum coated Dacron prosthesis exposed to blood for 1 second. The fibrils are virtually free of cellular elements with the exception of a very few erythrocytes and leukocytes with a few visible platelets attached as well. At 10K�magnification, the single large cell appears to be a toxic neutrophile. The remainder of the photograph displays proteiniated aluminum substrate. At 2 hours, the cells are smaller and appear to be crenating.
FIG. 6(B) shows further magnifications at 1K� and these reveal a few crenating cells with a very thin layer of protein attached to the aluminized Dacron fabric. These cells are completely gone by 1 month, the fabric being joined by what appears to be a thin amorphous layer of protein. This may be proteinated aluminum.
Histological evaluation was carried out in parallel to the SEM studies. In all cases, these was no evidence of (1) polynucleated cells or lymphocytes or, (ii) inflamatory response. All grafts had fibroblastic invasion. Type A presents the most explicit example. In all cases, protein coating was firmly attached to the Dacron. Coating of each strand of Dacron was also established.
The different histological responses to the various types of hybrid grafts are described in Table II.
TABLE II______________________________________A Summary of Histological Study of Hybrid GraftsGraft Type Patency Description______________________________________Al 99% Revealed no evidence of cells or fibrinA 99% Coating uniform with no evid- (1 month) ence of separation. Unmodi- fied: had few cellular elements which were loosely attached to a proteineous material which is not fibrin. This may be a co- incidental attachment of cells. Modified: revealed no evidence of cells. The globular objects which appear on the SEM are not cells. There is no trace of fibrin.G 80% There is fibrin which is at- (unmodified) tached to the wall at a depth of 2 Hr. & 1 Mon. .5 to 1 mm. 99% (neg. charge) Has few cellular elements which 1 sec. ] 1 mon. are widely dispersed and well passivated in a thin protein layer which is not fibrin.A & G 90% Unmodified: These are cellular elements which is followed by a fibrin layer. In 2 hours, there is evidence of a building new cellular and fibrin layer. 99% Modified: There is evidence (1 month) of a few cellular elements which are passivated by a thin non- fibrin protein layer.Agar 75- 80% In 1 sec., there is evidence of an instantaneous thrombus which is primarily a chain of fibrin. There are a few cells present at this time. At 2 hours - there is a large deposit of cellular elements plus fibrin formation on the graft.Acrylamide 75% In 1 sec. and 2 hours this graft produced a peculiar thrombus. The thrombus had many more cellular elements and markedly less fibrin than did any of the other thrombi producing surfaces.______________________________________
There will now be obvious to those skilled in the art many modifications and variations of the methods and materials set forth hereinabove. These modifications and variations will not depart from the scope of the invention if defined by the following claims.
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|Sawyer et al., "New Approaches in the Selection of Materials Compatible with Blood," Artif. Heart Prog. Conf. Proc., Chap. 22, pp. 243-258 (1969).
|Starr, "Mitral Valve Replacement with Ball Valve Prostheses," British Heart Journal, 33 Supp. 47-55 (1971).
|Szilagyi et al., "Long-Term Evaluation of Plastic Arterial Substitutes: An Experimental Study," Surg. 55:165-183 (1964), [RD 1 S78].
|Vlodaver et al., "Pathological Changes in Aortic-Coronary Arterial Saphenous Vein Grafts," Circulation 44:719-728 (1971).
|Voorhees, Jr. et al., "The Use of Tubes Constructed From Vinyon "N" Cloth in Bridging Arterial Defects," Ann. Surg. 135:332-336 (1952), [RD 1 A61].
|Wesolowski et al., "Heterologous Aortic Grafts-With Special Reference to Recipient Site, Ethylene Oxide Freeze-Dry Preparation and Species of Origin," Ann. Surg. 145:187-198 (1957), [RD 1 A61].
|Wesolowski et al., The Use of Artificial Materials in Surgery, "Current Problems in Surgery," Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago (1966), pp. 1-86.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 13, 1982
|Jul 23, 1985
|Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System
|Nonthrombogenic articles having enhanced albumin affinity
|Apr 25, 1984
|Jan 7, 1986
|Elliot Kornberg
|Aortic graft, device and method for performing an intraluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
|Feb 26, 1985
|Dec 16, 1986
|Cordis Corporation
|Reinforcing structure for cardiovascular graft
|Nov 7, 1985
|May 12, 1987
|Mitsubishi Monsanto Chemical Company
|Medical material and process for its production
|Apr 12, 1985
|May 10, 1988
|Japan Medical Supply Co., Ltd.
|Polymer materials for vascular prostheses
|Oct 17, 1985
|May 31, 1988
|Vascutek Limited
|Vascular grafts
|Mar 3, 1987
|Nov 15, 1988
|Intermedicat Gmbh
|Vessel and prosthesis impregnated with diisocyanate crosslinked gelatin
|May 19, 1987
|Feb 14, 1989
|Sulzer Brothers Limited
|Artificial vessel
|Jul 29, 1988
|Feb 20, 1990
|B. Braun-Ssc Ag
|Process for the preparation of a vessel prosthesis impregnated with crosslinked gelatin
|Jan 27, 1987
|Mar 27, 1990
|Sauvage Lester R
|Method of making vascular prosthesis by perfusion
|Aug 21, 1986
|Aug 6, 1991
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Means for improving biocompatibility of implants, particularly of vascular grafts
|Mar 27, 1990
|Sep 10, 1991
|Shigesaburo Mizushima
|Process for producing synthetic fiber and vegetable fiber by fibroin protein with egg white and acrylic resin
|Apr 10, 1990
|Feb 4, 1992
|Japan Medical Supply Co., Ltd.
|Catheter and method for the manufacture thereof
|Sep 14, 1990
|Jun 2, 1992
|The Toronto Hospital
|Vascular biomaterial
|Mar 15, 1991
|Jun 9, 1992
|Alexander Kaplan
|Method of producing grafts
|Jan 7, 1991
|May 4, 1993
|Menaker M D Gerald
|Method and means for gold-coating implantable intravascular devices
|Apr 23, 1992
|Dec 21, 1993
|Mcmaster University
|Fibrin coated polymer surfaces
|Sep 14, 1993
|Jun 28, 1994
|Mcmaster University
|Fibrin coated polymer surfaces
|Dec 9, 1991
|Oct 18, 1994
|Vascutek Limited
|Fluorinating polymer surfaces
|Feb 8, 1994
|Sep 5, 1995
|United States Surgical Corporation
|Treating bioabsorbable surgical articles by coating with glycerine, polalkyleneoxide block copolymer and gelatin
|May 3, 1993
|Nov 7, 1995
|Menaker; Gerald J.
|Gold coating means for limiting thromboses in implantable grafts
|Apr 13, 1994
|Dec 17, 1996
|C. R. Bard, Inc.
|Method for making vascular grafts
|May 7, 1993
|Oct 28, 1997
|Westaim Technologies Inc.
|Anti-microbial coating for medical devices
|May 31, 1995
|Feb 10, 1998
|Meadox Medicals, Inc.
|Tubular polytetrafluoroethylene implantable prostheses
|Jun 2, 1995
|May 19, 1998
|Westaim Technologies, Inc.
|Anti-microbial coating for medical device
|Nov 21, 1995
|Jun 23, 1998
|Scimed Life Systems, Inc.
|Biodegradable drug delivery vascular stent
|Sep 29, 1993
|Jun 23, 1998
|Westaim Technologies, Inc.
|Anti-microbial coating for medical devices
|Jun 2, 1995
|Nov 17, 1998
|Westaim Technologies, Inc.
|Anti-microbial materials
|Sep 13, 1996
|Dec 22, 1998
|Meadox Medicals, Inc.
|Bioresorbable sealants for porous vascular grafts
|Oct 18, 1996
|Dec 22, 1998
|Meadox Medicals, Inc.
|Vascular graft with a heparin-containing collagen sealant
|Nov 18, 1993
|Sep 28, 1999
|Westaim Technologies, Inc.
|Anti-microbial materials
|Feb 2, 1994
|Nov 16, 1999
|Westaim Technologies, Inc.
|Process for producing anti-microbial effect with complex silver ions
|Nov 26, 1996
|Dec 21, 1999
|Inst. Of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Acdmy Of Med. Science
|Protein-coated medical substrates for local delivery of genes and method of forming coatings on the substrates
|Dec 21, 1998
|Dec 19, 2000
|Meadox Medicals, Inc.
|Vascular graft impregnated with a heparin-containing collagen sealant
|Sep 17, 1997
|Feb 27, 2001
|St. Jude Medical, Inc.
|Calcification-resistant biomaterials
|Jun 25, 1997
|May 29, 2001
|Westaim Technologies
|Anti-microbial coating for medical devices
|Feb 2, 1998
|Jul 3, 2001
|St. Jude Medical, Inc.
|Calcification-resistant medical articles
|Jul 31, 1996
|Oct 16, 2001
|St. Jude Medical, Inc.
|Calcification-resistant biomaterials
|Apr 16, 2001
|Apr 13, 2004
|Nucryst Pharmaceuticals Corp.
|Antimicrobial bioabsorbable materials
|Dec 12, 2003
|Feb 12, 2008
|Scimed Life Systems, Inc.
|Blood-tight implantable textile material and method of making
|Dec 12, 2003
|Feb 9, 2010
|Intel Corporation
|Sealing porous dielectric materials
|Nov 17, 2003
|Jun 22, 2010
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Implantable heart valve prosthetic devices having intrinsically conductive polymers
|Feb 25, 2009
|Apr 21, 2015
|The Florida International University Board Of Trustees
|Catheter deliverable artificial multi-leaflet heart valve prosthesis and intravascular delivery system for a catheter deliverable heart valve prosthesis
|Jul 25, 2002
|Mar 13, 2003
|Edward Shifrin
|Non-thrombogenic implantable devices
|Nov 17, 2003
|May 19, 2005
|Mensah Eugene A.
|Implantable heart valve prosthetic devices having intrinsically conductive polymers
|Dec 12, 2003
|Jun 16, 2005
|Grant Kloster
|Sealing porous dielectric materials
|Dec 12, 2003
|Jun 16, 2005
|Scimed Life Systems, Inc.
|Blood-tight implantable textile material and method of making
|Mar 2, 2006
|Jul 20, 2006
|Meadox Medicals, Inc.
|Bioresorbable sealants for porous vascular grafts
|Jan 27, 2006
|Dec 11, 2008
|Smart Implant Plc
|Prosthesis and Method of Manufacturing a Prosthesis
|Mar 12, 1986
|Sep 17, 1987
|Braun Melsungen Ag
|Mit vernetzter gelatine impraegnierte gefaessprothese und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
|Jul 31, 2009
|Feb 3, 2011
|Aesculap Ag
|Tubul�res Implantat zum Ersatz von nat�rlichen Blutgef��en
|Sep 30, 1997
|Apr 9, 1998
|St. Jude Medical, Inc.
|Coated prosthetic cardiac device
|Feb 8, 2001
|Aug 16, 2001
|Sagittarius Ae Ltd.
|Non-thrombogenic implantable devices
|Apr 17, 2001
|Nov 1, 2001
|Nucryst Pharmaceuticals Corp.
|Antimicrobial bioabsorbable materials
|Oct 23, 2002
|May 1, 2003
|Katsuko Sakai
|Artificial vessel and process for producing the same
|Feb 25, 2009
|Feb 18, 2010
|The Florida International University Board Of Trustees
|Catheter deliverable artificial multi-leaflet heart valve prosthesis and intravascular delivery system for a catheter deliverable heart valve prosthesis
|Mar 18, 2010
|Feb 3, 2011
|Aesculap Ag.
|Tubular implant for replacing natural blood vessels
|U.S. Classification
|623/1.48, 427/430.1, 427/125, 427/124, 427/250, 623/1.51, 427/2.25, 427/2.24
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Creative Alliance wins a 'Training Provider of the Year' Award
Creative Alliance have just won an award, for the second year running, in the Training Provider of the Year Awards 2015 organised by Apprenticeships 4 England (sub-contractor category). Based in Birmingham, Creative Alliance works to enable talent to get into and get on in the creative and cultural industries by providing careers and enterprise education and through running traineeship and apprenticeships. This includes working with creative organisations as diverse as Bareface Media, Birmingham Museums Trust, mac, Superdream and WAA who employ young people as apprentices in a variety of administrative, creative, digital and marketing roles.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Finanace and Economics Department
601 University Drive
San Marcos, TX 78666
United States
Texas State University - McCoy College of Business Administration
in Total Papers Downloads
in Total Papers Citations
direct and indirect effects estimates, sensitivity to spatial weights
model uncertainty, Bayesian model averaging, spatial weight structures
spatial estimation of migration flows, posterior model probabilities, log-marginal likelihood, reversible jump MCMC
Spatial dependence bias, least-squares regression
commodity flows, spatial autoregressive random effects, Bayesian hierarchical models, spatial connectivity of origin-destination flows
Spatial Correlation, Dynamic Panels, Bayesian Estimation
Total factor productivity, knowledge spillovers, technological proximity, spatial Durbin model, European regions
Markov chain Monte Carlo, spatial correlation, knowledge proximity, innovation
spatial interaction models, spatial econometrics, origin-destination flows
commodity flows, spatial connectivity of origin-destination flows, spatial autoregression, Bayesian
spatial spillovers, spatial autoregressive probit model, spatial Durbin probit model, interpreting effects estimates
Static space-time panel data models, Bayes factors, local versus global spatial spillovers
GHK, truncated multivariate normal, minimum degree, spatial probit, spatial autoregressive, sparse matrix, Halton sequence, maximum simulated likelihood, CAR
Salary benchmarking, peer group dependence, spatial models
regressor autocorrelation, spatial Durbin model, REML, spatial autoregression, maximum likelihood, spatial econometrics
dependent observations, local market indices, spatial relations
local versus global spillovers, Monte Carlo studies
gravity models, Bayesian spatial autoregressive regression model, spatial connectivity of origin-destination flows
space-time dynamic panel model, MCMC estimation, dynamic responses
Spatial error correlation, serial correlation, MCMC estimation
local vs. global spatial spillovers, Bayesian model comparison methods
endogenous interaction, exogenous interaction, spillovers
dynamic Space-time panel data model, Bayesian model comparison, European regions
R&D collaboration networks, innovation performance, spatial econometrics, ICT
Spatial Dependence, Durbin Model
Spatial correlation, Dynamic panels, MCMC estimations
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simulation of scalar summary direct and indirect effects, spatial autoregressive models, estimated variance-covariance matrices
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text:
Verizon Design Team Lead - Experience Design in New York, New York
What you'll be doing...
About our team
The Verizon Expereince Team is a new internal group tasked with evolving the Verizon customer experience across all channels and touchpoints through the design and implementation of innovative products and services that customers love.
Working from a newly designed studio space at 140 West Street, the team is assembling the brightest designers, design strategists, researchers, and product managers to collaborate within teams shaping the most important touch points across the customer journey.
About this role
As the Sr. Manager (Design Team Lead) of Design you will balance creative leadership and people management, partnering with Program Managers to lead design teams. Your work will focus on connecting the user experience to the Verizon brand and our customers through elegantly crafted design frameworks that translate across lines of business. One in three Americans uses Verizon services, so your work will have meaningful impact at a massive scale.
Work will span the design process, from front end design definition to agile development and implementation, so you'll have the opportunity to balance high level direction with hands-on work as you craft scalable design systems that seamlessly integrate across channels and develop innovative and engaging product interactions for customers.
In addition to shaping the design of Verizon products you'll play a lead role in shaping our process, mentoring design teams and championing user-centered design within the organization.
What you'll be doing:
For your experienece you will lead research, insight generation, ideation and creative development process with key partners (Business Owners, IT, Experience Managers and members of our Creative teams that deliver breakthrouh ideas and concepts
Lead cross functional teams to explore opportunities with a focus on consumer driving mobile first digitial eperiences
Identify brand defining innovation products / ideas that live at the intersections of marketing, digital, product, loyalty and retail
Work to define business challenges and opportunities
Build and drive design roadmaps to connect brand and marketing areas to CX vision
Influence research, designs and prototypes that drive customer engagement and loyalty to deliver elegant and delightful customer experiences
Use customer-driven insights and agile methodologies to deliver elegant and delightful customer experiences
Create, and maintain UX/UI design documentation including style guides, design frameworks, motion libraries, engagement patterns and prototypes to aid with cross-team communication, collaboration and development
Partner with design researchers and UX strategists to understand business goals and customer needs that inform intelligent design thinking across our digital experiences
What we're looking for...
8+ years of product design experience with an impressive background creating experiences, services and applications across platforms (mobile, tablet, desktop, and connected devices), ideally for large audiences
Bachelor's Degree in Interaction Design, Human-Computer Interaction, Information Sciences, Communication Design, or related discipline
Strong design leadership skills with experience partnering with product managers and mentoring and directing teams of UI/UX designers
Expertise in core design skills including the development of scalable design systems, intuitive interaction models, information architecture, user flows, pattern guides, motion graphic studies and product features
Strengths in secondary areas such as prototyping, front end development, user research, service design, and/or content strategy
Strong information design communication skills, both in team collaboration and written documentation
Ability to work under pressure on multiple projects simultaneously while meeting deadlines with frequent interuptions and redefined priorities
Familiarity with human-centered design methodologies, empathy for end users, and passion for teaching and learning from others to shape process and culture
Expertise in core design and prototyping tools including Sketch, InVision, Framer, Principle, Flinto, and Figma with an interest in exploring new tools and processes
Ability to work out of New York office with some work days in Basking Ridge, NJ and/or Piscataway, NJ and legal authorization to work in the US
When you join Verizon...
You'll be doing work that matters alongside other talented people, transforming the way people, businesses and things connect with each other. Beyond powering America's fastest and most reliable network, we're leading the way in broadband, cloud and security solutions, Internet of Things and innovating in areas such as, video entertainment. Of course, we will offer you great pay and benefits, but we're about more than that. Verizon is a place where you can craft your own path to greatness. Whether you think in code, words, pictures or numbers, find your future at Verizon.
Equal Employment Opportunity
We're proud to be an equal opportunity employer- and celebrate our employees' differences, regardless of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, disability, or Veteran status. Different makes us better.


text:
Mamagement Team
Tshering is from Paro. She worked for Ministry of Finance as a Budget Officer at Royal University of Bhutan before joining Loden. Tshering graduated with bachelors in commerce (Honours) from Sherubtse College, the oldest and leading University College in Bhutan. After getting through Royal Civil Service Examination (RCSE 2007), Tshering has done her postgraduate diploma in financial management at Royal Institute of Management, Bhutan.


text:
Cameron University education certification
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Information about Cameron University education certification, and registering for discussion sections and departmental electives. As a student, your first stop should be the registrar's office, where you can pick up a free copy of both the academic calendar and course catalog, in order to find available credit classes that you may be interested in taking. You may be surprised that you can enroll for a full-time course load, without having to attend any 8am classes at all. Finally, check with your major department for assistance with prerequisites, tuition payment deadlines, and Cameron University teaching credential information. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Cameron University.
Research demonstrates that college freshman taking a full courseload go on to complete their degrees at a much higher rate than those students who study part-time. When choosing a major, plan ahead and be sure that you are picking courses that will meet transfer requirements of other colleges and universities later on. Further, by choosing your major early, you may be able to take some required core classes in a community college, saving both time and tuition fees.
Look at all the schools in your state first, as in-state tuition may be lower for state residents. The course catalog will outline which classes are required for a particular major, and what minimum GPA you'll need to maintain your class standing. Please contact the academic advising staff at the school you are interested in applying to about their specific course registration guidelines. Beyond consideration for Cameron University education certification, you may think about University of Nevada Reno popular classes for complementary electives to your primary course of study.
Specialist, Career Programs
Austin Community College
Serves on high school, college, and community committees, as assigned. Resolves concerns for program participants/students, faculty, Austin Community College..
4 days ago Secretarial Assistant 1
Ramapo College of New Jersey
The College also offers eight graduate programs as well as articulated programs with Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New York Chiropractic College.
3 days ago Admissions Representative
Aviation Institute of Maintenance
Prefer prior admissions experience at a private for profit college or technical school. Henderson, Campus Director of Admissions.
8 hours ago Undergrad Admissions Counselor
Yeshiva University
The Admissions Counselor will support student recruitment and participate in the admissions decision process.
5 days ago Program Coordinator
Highline Community College
Two years of experience determining college graduation requirements in a community college.
2 hours ago


text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-14052673973066204232017-10-05T11:52:59.385-07:00New Bedford FortnightJames Hayes-Bohananhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405267397306620423.post-49619345049219605822017-05-01T14:00:00.000-07:002017-04-15T06:46:48.793-07:00Welcome to New Bedford Fortnight

More on this word at Google

GEOG 400: New Bedford Fortnight
Two Weeks in Whaling CIty
Summer 2017 #NBfortnightA Bridgewater State University Geography Course
Open to all -- matriculated and non-degree students alike
BSU students enrolled in Commonwealth Honors are welcome to propose an Honors Contract for this course, but must arrange for it before the course begins.

The sixth-largest city in Massachusetts is an ideal place to explore human and physical geography. Astride the land and the sea, New Bedford is connected by its fishing fleet to the North Atlantic and by its immigrant communities to much of the wider world. It is also increasingly important as a regional center for the visual and performing arts, and it is becoming a place where local, regional, and international artists draw audiences from throughout the region.

New Bedford is the site of a significant experiment in urban revitalization, in which the U.S. Park Service works closely with local institutions for two decades to connect creative economies to social, economic, and environmental challenges. This intensive course will meet in various locations throughout New Bedford each afternoon, drawing on the expertise of local institutions and community leaders as well as geographic field techniques to uncover the complexity of a city that is fostering change.

James Hayes-Bohanan, Ph.D. -- Professor of Geography

Dr. Hayes-Bohanan has taught at BSU since 1997. He specializes in environmental geography, the geography of Latin America, and the geography of coffee. He has enjoyed leading students on field-based learning experiences throughout New England, as well as Nicaragua, Brazil, Cuba, and Cape Verde. He is a member of the New England & St. Lawrence ValleyGeographical Society and the New Bedford-based Whaling City Rowing, WhalingMuseum, Zeiterion Performing Arts Center, Azorean Maritime Heritage Society, New Bedford Fishing Heritage Center, Schooner Ernestina-Morrissey Association, and Buttonwood Park Zoo. His family resides in both Bridgewater and the town of Fairhaven.
Course will run two consecutive weeks, M-F, 12:30-4:30 each afternoon, with on Thursday evening program required. Dates and details will be posted on this blog as plans are finalized.James Hayes-Bohananhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405267397306620423.post-51938542379064731002017-04-15T06:51:00.003-07:002017-04-15T06:51:43.314-07:00Crime Reporting and New Media

The Groundwork blog recently reported on a decision by New Bedford Guide -- a popular local Facebook page -- to stop using local crime stories as click-bait. A lively discussion of this decision has already ensued.

Crime, the perceptions of crime, and the relationships between both and economic development will be important topics in our New Bedford Fortnight course.James Hayes-Bohananhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405267397306620423.post-89612482937395678902017-03-07T11:52:00.002-08:002017-03-07T11:52:59.744-08:00A Look Around the Working WaterfrontWhile visiting the New Bedford Whaling Museum with my family today, I visited the observation deck for the first time. We have been museum members for a couple years and have lost count of our visits, so we are not sure why we had not stepped out onto this deck before.

I was inspired to record a brief panoramic video, of admittedly poor audio quality. It conveys a bit of New Bedford's grey-day persona, as I scan from the area upstream of the harbor along the Acushnet River, along the waterfront and ultimately toward the hurricane barrier.

I cut off my own first words, which were "New Bedford Fortnight.

James Hayes-Bohananhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405267397306620423.post-57669900755821551982016-12-12T06:19:00.000-08:002016-12-12T06:19:52.580-08:00Nautical TownA banker once told me that a loan for a house in New Bedford would be difficult because it is not near the water. Being a geographer, I showed her a map. We did not end up with that house anyway, but continued to enjoy visits to Whaling City.

Recently a friend shared this much earlier (1876) map of New Bedford, which shows that not only is it near the water, but that water is the whole point of New Bedford. It is a kind of lithograph that was common at the time, often used to promote cities by presenting idealized versions of them (see Cities on Stone by John Reps for many great examples).

Click map to enlarge

So these maps may be imperfect records, but they do reveal a lot about nineteenth-century urban places. This one reveals the importance of both manufacturing and nautical trade at the time -- during the overlap between the age of sail and the age of steam. Note that a rather sophisticated draw bridge was already in place (as it is 140 years later), signaling the importance of both rail and sea in the development of the city.

During our New Bedford Fortnight class, we will have the chance to explore this and many other printed maps of the city and its surroundings; today's geography is very much shaped by geographies of the past!

Back to the banker...

A year later, the same banker facilitated a loan for a house in Fairhaven, without checking for its water proximity. Perhaps she knew about views like this one, which I took after a morning row in the harbor shared by these nautical municipalities.

Fairhaven waterfront, December 2016
Foreground: Pope's Island Marina in New Bedford'

James Hayes-Bohananhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-1405267397306620423.post-4103650739351478172016-11-14T08:06:00.000-08:002016-11-14T08:06:00.444-08:00Gateway CitiesMassachusetts has 351 cities and towns, the largest and best-known of course being Boston -- sometimes called the Hub of the Universe, and certainly the hub of New England. Most of the 351 are of similar spatial extent, but populations range from under 1,000 to about 20,000 for the vast majority.

About a dozen of the cities, though, are a bit bigger, and serve as local hubs. These are called Gateway Cities because each is the point of entry for a region of surrounding towns. In terms of cultural activities and economic activities, these gateways are crucial, and they have been the subject of considerable concern in recent years.

A new report from Rockland Trust Bank presents a bit of good news from each of 11 Gateway Cities. Problems persist in all of them, but positive, focused attention seems to be paying off as well. This is the context within which our New Bedford Fortnight learning will take place.

Gateway Cities Update (November 2016)James Hayes-Bohananhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com


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August 10, 2016
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text:
Georgia among the worst states in the country for health care
Health care is taking a beating in this country.
Last month, congress failed to pass a pared-down repeal of the Affordable Care Act. And personal health care costs are as high as $10,000 per year and rising, according to estimates from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
Residents in 60 percent of Georgia counties who have insurance on the ACA exchange have only once choice of insurer: Blue Cross Blue Shield of Georgia. When insurers leave the exchange as many have, it results in monopolies, which means higher premiums and fewer people purchasing insurance.
In addition, Georgia did not expand Medicaid under the ACA, which left many poor Georgians without any health care at all.
These are just some of the factors that have earned Georgia a ranking as one of the worst states for health care. Among the 10 worst states for health care, the bulk are in the Southern region of the country (only Alaska and Nevada are not) according to a survey from Wallethub.
Georgia ranked 46 out of 51 (50 states and the District of Columbia) and is one of the five states with the lowest percentage of insured adults aged 18 – 64.
Georgia also has some of the highest infant mortality rates in the country, another factor which contributed to its low ranking compared to other states.
Analysts looked at the 50 states and the District of Columbia across 35 measures related to cost, accessibility and outcome.
Florida, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana round out the states with the worst health care.
Hawaii ranked at number one.


text:
(sadly this amazing commercial has been taken down)
OK so the family is turned away at the first "snooty" restaurant. But then they go and turn up their noses at Diner and Fast food. What gives? Just because they can't take high strung junior to Chez Marmets they have to be all down on the lowest common denominator food? My food of choice! How dare they! Once you get over that its not a bad commercial and it least it as a punchline.
If you missed it: You see the food at Friendlys is so good that even the host of Chez Marmets eats there. Take that uptight eateries!
P.S. I think they woman who sings lead in this commercial sounds like the woman who sings on "Schoolhouse Rock – No More Kings".
Garry Vander Voort
Latest posts by Garry Vander Voort (see all)
- Remembering Burger King Table Service - October 5, 2017
- Mayfair Candy Corn is delightfully retro - September 30, 2017
- 1984 Pay N Save Coupon Book - September 10, 2017


text:
I think that the church in America today is so obssessed with being practical, relevant, helpful, successful and perhaps even well-liked that it nearly mirrors the world itself. Aside from the packaging, there is nothing that cannot be found in most churches today that could not be satisfied by any number of secular programs and self-help groups.
About Jojo Agot
Follower of Jesus; pastor at Victory Caloocan; married to Donna; enjoys old books, good music, and profitable conversations. Twitter | Facebook


text:
Hydrogenics Corp. (HYGS) Sees Strong Trading Volume
Shares of Hydrogenics Corp. (NASDAQ:HYGS) saw unusually-high trading volume on Tuesday . Approximately 94,808 shares were traded during trading, an increase of 80% from the previous session's volume of 52,568 shares.The stock last traded at $5.56 and had previously closed at $5.96.
HYGS has been the subject of a number of research reports. Zacks Investment Research cut Hydrogenics Corp. from a "buy" rating to a "hold" rating in a report on Tuesday, July 12th. Roth Capital reiterated a "buy" rating and set a $13.00 target price on shares of Hydrogenics Corp. in a report on Thursday, May 12th. One investment analyst has rated the stock with a sell rating, one has given a hold rating and three have issued a buy rating to the stock. The company presently has a consensus rating of "Hold" and an average target price of $12.00.
The company has a 50-day moving average price of $6.91 and a 200-day moving average price of $7.76. The firm's market capitalization is $69.87 million.
Hydrogenics Corp. (NASDAQ:HYGS) last issued its quarterly earnings results on Wednesday, August 3rd. The company reported ($0.25) EPS for the quarter, missing analysts' consensus estimates of ($0.16) by $0.09. The firm had revenue of $9.20 million for the quarter, compared to the consensus estimate of $11.40 million. Analysts anticipate that Hydrogenics Corp. will post ($0.73) earnings per share for the current year.
A hedge fund recently raised its stake in Hydrogenics Corp. stock. Royce & Associates LLC raised its position in Hydrogenics Corp. (NASDAQ:HYGS) by 56.3% during the fourth quarter, according to its most recent filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The fund owned 416,295 shares of the company's stock after buying an additional 150,000 shares during the period. Royce & Associates LLC owned about 4.13% of Hydrogenics Corp. worth $3,651,000 at the end of the most recent reporting period.
Hydrogenics Corporation designs, develops and manufactures hydrogen generation products based on water electrolysis technology, and fuel cell products based on proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology. The Company's segments are Onsite Generation and Power Systems. The OnSite Generation segment is based in Oevel, Belgium and develops products for industrial gas, hydrogen fueling and renewable energy storage markets.
Get Analysts' Upgrades and Downgrades Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of analysts' upgrades, downgrades and new coverage with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter.


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award winners Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research Winners List
Aaron Temkin Beck is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. He is regarded as the father of cognitive therapy, and his pioneering theories are widely used in the treatment of clinical depression. Beck also developed ...moresee more on Aaron T. Beck
Akira Endo is a Japanese biochemist whose research into the relationship between fungi and cholesterol biosynthesis led to the development of statin drugs, which are some of the best-selling pharmaceuticals in history. He was awarded the 22nd Japan Prize in 2006 and the Lasker Award in 2008. ...moresee more on Akira Endo
Alain Frédéric Carpentier M.D. Ph.D. is a French surgeon whom the President of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery calls the father of modern mitral valve repair. He is the recipient of the 2007 Lasker Prize. ...moresee more on Alain Carpentier
Albert Bruce Sabin was a Polish American medical researcher best known for having developed an oral polio vaccine. Sabin was born in Białystok, in Russian Poland to Polish-Jewish parents, Jacob and Tillie Krugman Saperstein. In 1922, he emigrated with his family to America. In 1930, he became a ...moresee more on Albert Sabin


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I believe in second, third, fourth, and even fifth chances. No one can say what magic number is the charm. I can't tell you how many times I've attempted to throw in the towel. I give up. Why bother? Who needs it? Only to wake up fresh and renewed again. Every time we rise to see the sun come up, we're given another chance.
That means, everyday, we get to start over. It's never too late to change your path, switch directions. I've had at least five amazing careers. I stopped counting at five, but honestly, the dreams I've accomplished are pretty darn noteworthy. I designed Swatch watches (remember those?). I owned and managed a very hip Bridal Boutique and Tux shop. I taught Kindergarten. I taught Middle School. I wrote and published a novel series. I wrote scripts. My best life is still on the horizon.
Negative thinking creates negative results. Positive thinking creates positive results. Period. Positive thinking is at the forefront of every great success story. The mind must believe it can do something before it is capable of actually doing it.
You are the only one who can directly control the outcome of your life. And no, it won't always be easy. Every person has a stack of obstacles in front of them.
Some forces are out of your control. The best thing you can do is do the best with what's in front of you. Use the resources you have access to.
Wasting your time, talent and emotional energy on things that are beyond your control is a recipe for frustration, misery and stagnation. Invest your energy in the things you can change.
Here are a few tips to bump start your new life.
1) Surround yourself with people who are moving forward, not living in the past.
2) Make a list of what your talents are.
3) Enroll in a class that tests your aptitude.
4) Go to workshops, seminars, conferences to test the waters.
5) Practice positive thinking and take note of the results.
Don't quit because you didn't get it right on your first shot. And don't waste your life fulfilling someone else's dreams and desires. Follow your intuition and make a decision to never give up on who you are capable of becoming.


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Recent wip:
Type: Posts; User: witcrack; Keyword(s):
Recent wip:
Getter Robo One fanart.
More master studies :)
ugh this one's creepy... look at the girl. lol.
Some Master Studies:
Site's up again. Cool! It has an annoying "Share it" bar on the side too! Okay! EVEN on the attachment manager window and it's blocking the upload button! Lol, Whatever!
Now, the Sketch Dump! :D
And there was a toad, a lonely toad, who lost his love through his indifference.... and sooooolita- OK, i better stop now.
SO, the toad:
And now, a little story from work. Not much,...
Dennis:Thanks man. About the stone head... yeah i think it needs to go to the center so the couples looks like theya re actually looking at it. About to make it stone like, i'll probably just add...
I meant to ask if you are using photoshop or not... and apparently you do. Thanks for answering my questions :)
Sketch from work:
lick away brothers... and sisters too! :)
Ooh love them girlz. I really like how you stylize your studies but yet at the same time you still paylots of attention for the fundamental things, like proportion and structures... really...
Hey mate, thanks for visiting my sketchbook. You got some cool stuffs happening here. I like your spirit, that's inspiring. Keep all the good practice up mate. For your figures, have you seen Proko's...
Good sketches and practice. Keep it up mate. One thing i notice in your sketchbook is your girls' lips, they are sometimes look wonky, especially in the early stages, but I LIKE THEM. Just my kind of...
Damn you are good! I really really like these Captain! Keep sharing and keep this thread up please. Subscribed! :D
Some sketch drop now, trying to upload multiple images:
Are they showing properly?
Oooh nice strokes, your ... brush strokes i mean, lol. I also like your values it usually took me ages to render value like that, i should be more patient. Out of curiosity, how long did you take to...
@Dennis: They are not showing? Strange, It's fine from where i sit. Hmm... i'll check again. Thanks man :) and yeah i agree about the dragon's teeth, the are slapped in the last minutes so... yeah,...
Hello everyone :) I decided to open a new sketchbook here. I had one before, but then i left it for quite some time and then this place was kinda dead and now it's alive again ( i hope?) but...
Here are some things you can consider,
First of all, the kind of composition you do is quite safe, it's central and it usually works for a book cover illustration, it's strong and easy to...
Hey hello! :)
These are good stuffs man. I loove, especially, the loose sketches (Those B-boyz!!). I can see soo much happening there.
You know, I always feel really energetic every time I look...
I once offer a critic to a friend about his trees looking like skirts. But your tree there is magnificently done. What a style! I like how you still preserve some naivety and improve it in your...
I'm with you on feeling like cheating every time i use reference while in the same time i know it is not cheating. For me, it's probably because my tendency to just copy copy copy and forget a lot of...
oooo.... niiice. love the characters. but esp, i am curious about that totem of people there at #26. Keep it up you! :)
hey hey! nice and expressive quickies, just watch for your proportions, esp on the spitpaint one ;) Kassadin piece is nice, though i think it's still looking flat. pull down the brights on the...
Recent works, some illustrations/graphic designs:
are and will be printed on tees. except that ridiculously green one, it's a poster :) The smoking...
Wow. That was some update! :D It's good to see you stuff some fantasy pieces in here too. All good quality. I like your SPs esp. :)
Your cartoons, while they tell the story quite effectively, but...
Developed Actively by the makers of the Best Amazon Podcast


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Tandoori chicken is a chicken dish mostly popular in Southern Asia like Pakistan,India, Indonesia , Singapore, Malaysia, and the Western world. It comprises of roasted chicken made with mixed spices and yogurt. Kashmiri and red chili powder are applied to give it a burning red color. The name of the tandoori chicken recipe comes from the kind of a tandoor or clay oven in which the dish is cooked traditionally, however, it can also be cooked on a conventional barbecue grill.
Tandoori chicken recipe is heated by wood or charcoal which also attach to the smoky flavor. The preparation and the cooking time for Tandoori chicken recipes are needed in between 3-4 hours and 11-15 minutes. You can serve for 4 people that are given the quantities in this recipe. The level of cooking of this recipe is moderate and, its taste is spicy.
Nutrition Value:
Calories: 1145
Fat: 52.4
Carbohydrates: 147.2
Protein: 19.6
Ingredients and Quantity:
Preparation and Cooking Method for Tandoori Chicken Recipe-
Step 1
Make incisions lightly using a sharp knife on the chicken legs, breast, legs, and thighs.
Step 2
Mix the chicken pieces with 1 tsp Kashmiri red chili powder, 1½ tbsp lemon juice, and salt and keep aside for 30 minutes.
Step 3
Tie up yogurt using a piece of thin clothes and hang over a bowl for 15 to 20 minutes.
Step 4
Keep the thick yogurt into a stainless still, bowl. Mix the leftover garlic and ginger paste, Kashmiri red chili powder, salt, lemon juice, hot spices powder and 3 tbsp olive oil.
Step 5
Put this mixture over the chicken and marinate for 3 to 4 hrs in room temperature or in a refrigerator.
Step 6
Set the chicken onto a skewer carefully and place them in a moderately hot tandoor (clay oven) for cooking or in a pre-heated oven at 400°F/200°C Mark for 10 to 12 minutes, or till almost done.
Step 7
Baste chicken using some oil and cook for more 4 minutes. Remove the cooked chicken and keep aside.
Step 8
Serve it hot with accompaniment (paratha, chapatti or naan, and don't forget to serve with lemon wedges or onion rings.


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Breitling Oil and Gas California Morning Podcast #19
Global oil demand growth is projected to increase by less than 1 percent as demand falls in advanced economies but rises in the developing world. Lackluster demand and increases in non-OPEC supply, largely from North America, indicate softer pricing and a challenge for OPEC to manage its production and maintain supply and demand balance.
Growing non-OPEC production is now impacting global supply and demand dynamics. With major consuming countries like the US relying more on 'home-grown fuels,' exports are being shifted to new destinations. This creates new trade alliances and relationships.
Despite the higher US natural gas prices, regional price differences are substantial – highlighting the opportunity to ship US natural gas to advantageous markets.
Access to new gas supplies from planned LNG projects in the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Africa, US and Canada will create greater pricing balance and impact the economics of many proposed LNG projects.


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We talk a lot about hearing aids and hearing aid features and how they can make a positive impact in the lives of those with hearing loss. Millions of Americans using these listening devices can experience improved health, communication and … [Read more]
Savor the Sound of Hearing in Temple & Killeen, TX
Temple: 254-774-7727 – Killeen: 254-680-3444
Do you keep missing the punch lines when your friends tell jokes at parties—but feel too embarrassed to ask them to repeat it because you don't want everyone to think you didn't get it? You would have gotten it, you're sure; but the background noise at the party made it sound muffled, so you couldn't really hear it.
If you are noticing more and more situations like this cropping up in your life, you are probably dealing with some level of hearing loss already. People struggling with hearing loss in Killeen and Temple, TX feel embarrassed to talk about or seek out solutions available through today's high-tech hearing aids. But consider this: is letting your hearing slip away really worth more missed punch lines, more silent isolation during conversations and more misunderstandings?


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Easy communication. Good work. Great rates. Very professional.
-Lee A.
He showed up at the time we agreed upon. His service was more than I expected. He cleaned up the surrounding area where the mulch had spilled over. He was HONEST!
-Itoro A.
The feedback we receive from our customers is very important to us. Below are some of the great things people are saying. Hopefully one day your review will be listed among our satisfied customers as well.
6401 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77021
Get Directions »
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House Sitter in Naperville
I am a labor and delivery nurse who would love to come and watch your house, dogs, or plants. With a family who has always been in law enforcement, I am trustworthy and reliable. Your home will be left in the same condition and when it comes to extra tasks like bringing in the mail or taking out the trash, I can get it done. Currently, in a masters program and looking to save money to pay off my school loans.
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Recently, a Shenzhen police officer crashed his car into a Bentley. The driver was the deputy director of a nearby police station. After crashing, he ran from the scene, and it wasn't until the next morning that he turned himself in. The owner of the Bentley was hiking at the time of the accident and wasn't aware that his vehicle had been hit until he returned to where it was parked, only to see a crowd gathered around. A top-voted netizen comment mocked the police, saying "It's not called an accident, its called experimental contact. It's not called running away, its called temporarily leaving."
Source: Netease


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Sell anything,anywhere,anytime!
Rosebank flat to let , close to Mowbray Maternity hospital and UCT. CLOSE TO RAILWAY RILNES AND TAXI RANK.
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- Home
- longboards
- Arbor
- Arbor Axis 40" Flagship Drop Through Longboard Complete
The Arbor 40" Axis is a carving and cruising longboard. Pressed from 8 plies of maple with a Red Gum topsheet, it measures 40" long and 8.75" wide. The symmetrical shape has wheel cutouts to reduce the chance of wheel bite. The drop through platform has flex, camber, and radial concave for push comfort.
The Axis Longboard Complete comes fully assembled with the Arbor 40" Axis Longboard Deck, Paris Trucks, Arbor Wheels, Abec 5 Bearings, Bearing Spacers, and Black Hardware.
Function: Carve, Cruise
Material: 8 Plies of Sustainable Maple, Red Gum Topsheet
Features: Camber, Drop Through, Flex, Wheel Cutouts, Radial Concave, Symmetrical
Length: 40"
Width: 8.75"
Wheelbase: 30.5"
Thickness: 0.5"
Concave: 0.25"
Camber: 0.5"
Hole Pattern: New School, Old School
Grip: Clear
Completes: The Longboard Store orders all Longboard completes with the manufacturer's recommended high-end components. This ensures all Longboards perform as intended by the manufacturer and that each component complements the performance and geometry of each shaped Longboard. Manufacturers reserve the right to substitute components on their Longboard Completes without notice which may alter the descriptions above.
Warranty: Selecting Longboard completes with certified manufacturer's components preserves your manufacturer's warranties and ensures your Longboard performs to the highest level of performance and durability.


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Experienced, non-manager jobs in Evesham
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Found 159 jobs
Assistant Production Planner
An exciting opportunity has recently arisen for an Assistant Production Planner to join a well established food production business based in Evesha...
Waking Night Support Worker
Waking Night Support Worker, Temp Job, Evesham Waking Night Support Worker - Evesham Hays Social Care are looking for Waking Night Support Workers ...
Maintenance Engineer Step-up - Evesham
A well established manufacture based in Evesham, are looking for a engineer that is looking for next step up to become this sites engineering super...
(Relief) Signaller [Grade 2] - Evesham SB
About Network Rail Network Rail is at the heart of revitalising Britain 's railway. We're making rail safer, more reliable and more efficient than ...
QA Technician Food
QA Technician (Food)GBP20,000 - GBP22,000 + 28 Days Holiday + PensionWorcestershire, commutable from Alcester, Evesham, Worcester, Stratford upon A...
Resident Support Worker Care Assistant
We are currently looking for an experienced Resident Support Worker (Care Assistant) to deliver care and support to residents at our Yates Court Ho...
Sales Ledger Assistant
A leading client in Evesham are looking for a Sales Ledger Assistant to join their team. Your role will be to support the Sales Ledger supervisor a...
Sales Admin Polish
Job Title: Sales Admin (Polish)Location: EveshamSalary: GBP20,000 per annumContract: PermanentJob RoleFirst point of contact for Polish and English...
QA Technician (Food)
QA Technician (Food)GBP20,000 - GBP22,000 + 28 Days Holiday + PensionWorcestershire, commutable from Alcester, Evesham, Worcester, Stratford upon A...
QA Technician (Food)
QA Technician (Food)GBP20,000 - GBP22,000 + 28 Days Holiday + PensionWorcestershire, commutable from Alcester, Evesham, Worcester, Stratford upon A...
Healthcare Assistant
Looking for an exciting job opportunity within prison healthcare?If you are looking for a challenging and rewarding Healthcare Assistant role and w...
Warehouse Operative
Warehouse Operative Ongoing seasonal work - leading sportswear & fashion retailer GBP7.50 to GBP12.00 per hour (inc. Overtime)Early & Late shifts ...
Meetings & Golf Coordinator
The Client: A stunning Country Hotel with Golf and Spa set in idyllic grounds near Evesham, ideal for Weddings, Corporate/Leisure Golf days, priva...
Re PeopleWe are looking to resource 2 x Cleaners to work at our renowned food production client based in Evesham.The successful candidates will nee...
Warehouse Operative
Job Title: Warehouse Staff/FLT DriverLocation: EveshamSalary: GBP17,680 to GBP19,448 per annumHours: Monday, Wednesday, Thursday Friday and Sunday ...
CNC Setter/ Sliding Head
CNC Setter - Sliding Head GBP31400 to GBP34200Job title: CNC Setter - Sliding HeadSalary: GBP31400 to GBP34200Location: Evesham , Worcestershire . ...
Mechanical Fitter/ Assembler/ Technician
Mechanical Fitter / Mechanical Assembler / Technician EveshamJob title: Mechanical Fitter / Mechanical Assembler / TechnicianSalary: Permanent role...
HGV Mechanic
There is an immediate requirement for an experienced HGV Mechanic to join a local transport company based in Evesham. The candidate will be require...
Inspector / Quality Inspector / Quality Engineer Evesham GBP28,000Job title: Inspector / Quality Inspector / Quality EngineerSalary: GBP28,000Hours...
Production Operative
Our client is an established and reputable company based in Evesham . Due to company expansion they are now looking to acquire the services of many...


text:
What does DFSM stand for?
DFSM stands for Dry Film type Solder Mask
This definition appears very rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
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- Abbreviation Database Surfer
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- Dress for Success Los Angeles (California)
- Darkfaery Subculture Magazine
- Data Facility Storage Management (IBM)
- Deterministic Finite-State Machine
- Digital Frequency Smoothing Method
- Dual-Frequency Switching-Mode
- Dual-Frequency Switching-Mode Liquid Crystal
- Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem
- Data Facility System Managed Storage (IBM)
- Dirección Federal de Seguridad Nacional (Spanish: Federal Directorate of National Security, Mexico)
- Distributed File System Namespace (Microsoft)
- Drug-Free Sport New Zealand (anti-doping organization)
- Data Facility Sort
- DeFault Sort
- Defense Fuel Storage Point