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Recent genome-wide association studies of Parkinson's disease have nominated three new susceptibility loci (PARK16-18) and confirmed two known risk genes (MAPT and SNCA) in populations of European ancestry. We sought to replicate these findings.
We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms in each of these genes/loci in 1,445 Parkinson's disease patients and 1,161 controls from Northern Spain. Logistic regression was used to test for association between genotype and Parkinson's disease under an additive model, adjusting for sex, age, and site. We also performed analyses stratified by age at onset.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MAPT (rs1800547; p = 3.1 × 10−4) and SNCA (rs356219; p = 5.5 × 10−4) were significantly associated with Parkinson's disease. However, none of the markers in PARK16-18 associated with Parkinson's disease in the overall sample, or in any age stratum, with p values ranging from 0.09–0.88.
While our data further validate MAPT and SNCA as Parkinson's disease susceptibility genes, we failed to replicate PARK16, 17, and 18. Potential reasons for the discordance between our study and previous genome-wide association studies include effects of population structure, power, and population-specific environmental interactions. Our findings suggest that additional studies of PARK16-18 are necessary to establish the role of these loci in modifying risk for Parkinson's disease in European-derived populations.
Parkinson's disease (PD) (OMIM168600) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and in most instances is thought to arise from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Over the past decade, candidate gene studies firmly established that common variants in the LRRK2 (OMIM 609007), MAPT (OMIM 157140), and SNCA (OMIM 163890) genes are associated with PD in populations of Asian and/or European origin 1–4. Subsequently, five genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted which further validated these three genes, but also nominated three new chromosomal regions as putative PD susceptibility loci 5–9. However, the strength of the association signal from these three loci, designated PARK16 (OMIM 613164), PARK17 (GAK/DGKQ region on chromosome 4p), and PARK18 (HLA gene cluster on chromosome 6p), varied substantially among GWASs indicating that further replication is needed to assess the veracity of these results.
Two frequently cited reasons for inconsistencies across genetic association studies are inadequate power and confounding by population structure. Structure arises when there are differences in ancestry between case and control groups and it can lead to both false-positive and false-negative findings. Thus, there are inherent advantages in performing association analyses in genetically homogenous populations. In this study we examined single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) within the most significant loci reported in recent GWASs in a large PD case-control sample from Northern Spain.
The study population was comprised of 1,445 PD patients (mean age at onset [AAO], 60.0 ± 12.2 years; mean age at enrollment, 68.1 ± 11.2 years; male sex, 55.8%) and 1,161 control subjects (mean age at enrollment, 68.9 ± 11.2 years; male sex, 41.6%) who were all of self-reported Spanish ancestry and resided in Spain. The vast majority (95.6%) of patients were enrolled at outpatient clinics in one of three provinces in Northern Spain (Asturias, Cantabria, and Navarra). All patients met UK PD Society Brain Bank (UKPDSBB) clinical diagnostic criteria for PD as determined by a movement disorder specialist. Controls had no history of parkinsonism and were either spouses of PD patients or community volunteers; 92.2% of the controls were enrolled in these same three provinces. The institutional review boards at each participating site approved the study, and all subjects gave informed consent.
Genomic regions were selected for replication as follows. First, we chose all loci associated with PD at a genome-wide level of significance in one or more of four recent GWAS conducted in European-derived populations (PARK18, MAPT, and SNCA)5–6, 8–9. Next, we selected loci that approached genome-wide significance in at least one such GWAS, and were successfully replicated (PARK17), or marginally associated with PD (chromosome 8 near HAS2 gene), in at least one other 6, 9. Finally, we included the PARK16 locus, which met genome-wide significance in a GWAS of Japanese subjects 7 and was replicated in a GWAS of individuals of European origin 8.
For each of these six loci, we selected for replication the most significant SNP (or one highly correlated with it) from each GWAS reporting a positive association. Since the top "hit" in each region was well correlated across studies, this required genotyping of only seven SNPs in total. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan assay as previously described 3.
We assessed each SNP for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in cases and controls separately with an exact test. Logistic regression was used to test for association between genotype and PD under an additive model, adjusting for sex, age at enrollment, and site. Homozygotes for the more common allele were used as the baseline risk group. P-values were generated through a Wald test. Age-stratified analyses were performed as described elsewhere defining early onset PD as AAO ≤ 50 years 10. Power calculations were done using Quanto (http://hydra.usc.edu/gxe) setting the "high risk allele" frequency equal to the minor allele frequency in controls for each SNP.
All SNPs were in HWE in both cases and controls. In an additive model adjusting for age, sex, and site, there was a highly significant association between PD and SNPs in MAPT (rs1800547; odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70–0.90; p = 3.1 × 10−4) and SNCA (rs356219; OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09–1.38; p = 5.5 × 10−4), but none of the other four loci (Table 1). In the age-stratified analyses, a significant association with PD was seen only for MAPT and SNCA in the late-onset group (Supplemental Table 1).
The "A" allele of rs1800547 serves as a surrogate marker for the MAPT "H1" haplotype, which in prior candidate gene studies has typically been examined under a dominant model 1, 3. In our dataset, analysis of the A allele in an adjusted dominant model yielded an OR of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.05–1.44; p = 1.1 × 10−2).
We performed retrospective power calculations under a log-additive model, specifying a type I error rate of 0.05 (Table 2). Assuming an OR of 1.3, our sample provided adequate power for all markers examined, with the possible exception of rs11248051 within PARK17, where power was 76%. For an OR of 1.2, power was greater than 80% for all SNPs except for those in PARK16 and PARK17.
With the exception of MAPT and SNCA, we failed to replicate the most promising susceptibility loci from recent GWASs undertaken in European-derived populations. For MAPT and SNCA, the strength of association in our dataset was comparable to that observed in these and other studies (Table 2).
The PARK16 region on chromosome 1q32 includes several candidate genes and was originally identified in a Japanese GWAS which included replication in two independent samples 7. The most significant markers in the combined three-stage GWAS were rs947211 (OR, 1.30; p = 1.5 × 10−12) and rs823156 (OR, 1.37; p = 3.6 × 10−9). Subsequently, Tan and colleagues found that four of five PARK16 SNPs examined in 433 PD patients and 916 controls of Han Chinese ancestry were associated with PD, including rs947211 (OR, 0.71; p = 2 × 10−3) and rs823156 (OR, 0.68; p = 5 × 10−3)11. The association of PARK16 with PD in European-derived populations has been less consistent, and GWASs undertaken in individuals of European origin have yielded disparate findings 8–9. Simon-Sanchez and colleagues reported successful replication of PARK16 in a two-stage GWAS of subjects from the U.S., Germany, and the U.K, with the strongest signal in the combined sample emanating from two low-frequency SNPs, rs823128 (OR, 0.66; p = 7.3 × 10−8) and rs11240572 (OR, 0.67; p = 6.1 × 10−7) 8. In contrast, Hamza and colleagues reported a failure to replicate PARK16 in a single-stage, U.S.-based GWAS, with p values ranging from 0.03–0.15 9. A smaller GWAS of European-Americans with familial PD also failed to detect an association between PARK16 and PD 6. Similarly, neither of the two PARK16 SNPs we examined in this study reached significance. One possible explanation for these findings is that PARK16 might harbor a population specific PD risk variant that occurs in Asians but is rare or absent in Europeans. For example, the LRRK2 G2385R SNP conveys a risk for PD of approximately 2.5 fold in Asians, but it is essentially absent in other populations 4, 12. Another possibility is that a true but weaker association signal exists in populations of European origin such that most studies conducted to date have been under-powered. In support of this, even in studies where rs947211 and rs823156 failed to reach significance, the direction of the effect was the same, with ORs below 1.0 (Table 2). If the true effect size for these PARK16 SNPs is similar to that observed by Simon-Sanchez and colleagues (ORs of 0.85–0.88), then our sample might well have lacked adequate power.
Hamza and colleagues reported an association reaching genome-wide significance for rs3129882 located in intron 1 of the HLA-DRA gene (OR, 1.31; p = 2.9 × 10−8), and designated this region PARK18 9. They observed marginal associations for this SNP in two smaller GWASs (Table 2), which when combined yielded an OR of 1.18 (p = 1.1 × 10−3), and cited this as evidence for replication. In contrast, we failed to detect an association of this SNP with PD in our sample (OR, 1.01; p = 0.88), and considered several possible explanations for this discordance. First, we do not believe that power was a major limitation, even if one takes into consideration the "winner's curse" phenomenon in which the estimate of the genetic effect in the first positive report is biased upward 13. Our sample provided 99% power to detect an effect at the OR reported in the original study (1.31) and 84% power at the OR observed in the combined replication sample (1.18). Another possibility is that the observed association of PARK18 with PD might represent a spurious finding resulting from population structure. Structure is of particular concern for the highly polymorphic HLA region in which many markers display substantial differences in allele frequency across European subpopulations 14. Hamza and colleagues observed significant structure in their case-control sample and a frequency gradient for the PD-associated HLA-DRA allele such that individuals of Northern- and Southern-European origin had the lowest and highest allele frequencies, respectively. For example, the allele frequencies in controls of Scandinavian and Italian ancestry were 0.35 and 0.47, respectively. A popular principal component analysis-based method (EIGENSTRAT) 15 was used to address this issue, and the results remained highly significant after correction for structure. However, several authors have demonstrated that in some instances, even when EIGENSTRAT accurately detects population structure it still fails to properly correct its effect 16–17. Though we did not directly test for structure in our dataset, a recent population-based study of 800 control subjects ascertained from across Spain found little to no evidence of it 18. Thus, it is unlikely that significant structure existed in our sample, which was comprised predominantly of individuals from Northern Spain. A third potential explanation for the inconsistency in results is that the risk conveyed by PARK18 might be dependent on interactions with unrecognized environmental factors that differ across populations. While this argument could be invoked for any of the loci studied here, it is particularly relevant for HLA. Variation within the HLA region is well known to influence susceptibility to a number of infectious diseases, and viral infections has long been postulated to be a risk factor for PD 19–20. Thus, if a specific HLA allele increases susceptibility to a given infectious disease etiologically linked to PD, the association of that allele with PD might only be observed in populations where the infectious agent is common. A similar scenario in which Epstein-Barr virus and HLA DRB1*1501 interact to increase risk for multiple sclerosis has recently been proposed 21.
An important limitation in our study was that we only examined a limited number of markers at each locus based on results from previous studies. Had we taken a more comprehensive approach, such as genotyping a full set of tagging SNPs, we might have detected significant associations at additional loci.
GWASs have provided a wealth of data and identified a number of susceptibility genes for complex diseases in recent years. However, rigorous and repeated replication in well-designed follow-up studies is still a prerequisite before promising candidate genes can be considered bona fide risk factors for disease. In PD, MAPT and SNCA have reached that status, a process that took several years. We believe the PARK16, 17, and 18 loci require further validation. Because the effect size for PARK16 might be smaller in European-derived populations, particular care must be taken to ensure that replication samples are sufficiently large to ensure adequate power. Because of concerns for the effect of population structure, future replication efforts for PARK18 might benefit from inclusion of more genetically homogenous case-control samples and the use of family-based association analysis.
We thank Jaione Irigoyen for assistance with subject recruitment and Elena Lorenzo, Elena Alonso, and Ana Corao for technical support. This work was supported by funding from the Department of Veterans Affairs (1I01BX000531), National Institutes of Health (P50 NS062684 and R01 NS065070), Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (SAF2006-10126: 2006-2009), Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS, PI070014), Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, European Social Fund, and the Asociación Parkinson Asturias.
Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report
Financial disclosure related to research covered in this article: This work was supported by funding from the Department of Veterans Affairs (1I01BX000531), National Institutes of Health (P50 NS062684 and R01 NS065070), Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (SAF2006-10126: 2006–2009), Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS, PI070014), Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, European Social Fund, and the Asociación Parkinson Asturias.
Author Roles: 1. Research project: A. Conception and design, B. Acquisition of data, C. Analysis and interpretation of data.2. Manuscript: A. Writing of the first draft, B. Review and Critique.
3. Other: A. Statistical analysis, B. Obtaining funding, C. Technical support, D. Supervision of data collection Mata: 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3D; Yearout: 1B, 2B, 3C; Alvarez: 1B, 2A, 3C; Coto: 1B, 2B 3C; De Mena: 1B, 2B,; Ribacoba: 1B, 2B, 3C; Lorenzo-Betancor: 1B, 2B; Samaranch: 1B, 2B; Pastor: 1B, 2B, 3B, 3C; Cervantes: 1B, 2B; Infante: 1B, 2B; Sierra: 1B, 2B; Garcia-Gorostiaga: 1B, 2B, 3C; Combarros: 1B, 2B; Snapinn: 1C, 2B, 3A, 3B; Edwards: 1C, 2B, 3B, 3D; Zabetian: 1A,1B,1C, 2A, 3B, 3C, 3D.
Full Financial Disclosures of all Authors for the past year:
Dr Mata, Dr Yearout and Dr Zabetian are supported by grants from the Dept of Veterans Affairs, NIH, Parkinson's Disease Foundation, American Parkinson Disease Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation, and Northwest Collaborative Care. Dr Alvarez and Dr Infante are supported by grants from Instituto Carlos III. Dr de Mena is supported by a fellowship from Fundacion para el fomento en Asturias de la Investigacion Cientifica aplicada y la Tecnología (FICYT). Dr Edwards and Dr Snapinn are supported by an NIH grant. Dr Samaranch is supported by a Torres Quevedo fellowship from the Spanish ministry of science and technology. Dr Pastor is supported by grants from the Spanish ministry of science and technology and Fundacion para la Investigacion Medica Aplicada (FIMA). Dr Coto, Dr Ribacoba, Dr Lorenzo-Betancor, Dr Cervantes, Dr Infante, Dr Garcia-Gorostiaga, Dr Sierra and Dr Combarros report no disclosures.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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The two-year graphic design and illustration course is dedicated to trains professionals in graphics and illustration, two fundamental professions in many companies. The two-year graphicc design and illustration course is for enthisiasts in sketching, painting, photography and want to transform this passion into a profession. The two-year graphic design and illustration course has a study plan whereby you can acquire graphic competences (study of graphic techniques, creation of brands, coordinated images, corporate identity projects) and you can study complementary subjects of graphics, such as illustration, photography, advertising, editorial and multimedia graphics, integrated communication. Thanks to a perfect study plan, with this course you can acquire an in-depth competence in all the most important graphic and illustrative softwares, improving your sensitivity to images and your ability in creating functioning messages and illustrations of advertising, comics and publishing house.
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- Philip Arthur, Graham Neubig, Satoshi Nakamura
- 2016
Neural machine translation (NMT) often makes mistakes in translating low-frequency content words that are essential to understanding the meaning of the sentence. We propose a method to alleviate this problem by augmenting NMT systems with discrete translation lexicons that efficiently encode translations of these low-frequency words. We describe a method to… (More)
This paper describes the Nara Institute of Science and Technology's system for the entrance exam pilot task of CLEF 2013 QA4MRE. The core of the system is a similar to the system for the main task of CLEF 2013 QA4MRE. We use minimum error rate training (MERT) to train the weights of the model and also propose a novel method for MERT with the addition of a… (More)
This paper describes the Nara Institute of Science and Technology's system for the main task of CLEF 2013 QA4MRE. The core of the system is a log linear scoring model that couples both intra and intersentence features. Each of the features receives an input of a candidate answer, question, and document, and uses these to assign a score according to some… (More)
- Graham Neubig, Philip Arthur, Kevin Duh
- 2015
We propose a method for simultaneously translating from a single source language to multiple target languages T1, T2, etc. The motivation behind this method is that if we only have a weak language model for T1 and translations in T1 and T2 are associated, we can use the information from a strong language model over T2 to disambiguate the translations in T1,… (More)
We propose a new method for semantic parsing of ambiguous and ungrammatical input, such as search queries. We do so by building on an existing semantic parsing framework that uses synchronous context free grammars (SCFG) to jointly model the input sentence and output meaning representation. We generalize this SCFG framework to allow not one, but multiple… (More)
- Yolanda Sjafrizal, Indra Budi, Mirna Adriani, Philip Arthur
- 2013
This paper describes the design of question answering system that participates in the maintask of QA4MRE at CLEF 2013. This system will initially perform preprocessing stage of the document and the documents related questions. Then, it identifies the type of questions in order to be able to search the answers with the most appropriate approach. In order to… (More)
- Henry J Baldwin, Aislinn E Green, Kayleigh M Spellar, Philip J Arthur, Hannah G Phillips, Jeetesh V Patel
- World journal of diabetes
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AIM To establish a link between the risk of diabetes with haemoglobinopathies by examining available evidence of the effects of iron and blood glucose homeostasis from molecular to epidemiological perspectives. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using electronic literature databases using various search terms. The International Diabetes… (More)
In this paper, we propose a new method for calculating the output layer in neural machine translation systems. The method is based on predicting a binary code for each word and can reduce computation time/memory requirements of the output layer to be logarithmic in vocabulary size in the best case. In addition, we also introduce two advanced approaches to… (More)
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Salt as treatment?
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Date: Friday, 21 May 2004, at 7:02 a.m.
I have been told that salt is good to treat parasites is that true??
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ATLANTA, GA Updated Mon June 29, 2015
A prothonotary warbler is one of the many songbirds that migrate north in the spring.
Dr. Bruce Beehler, ornithologist at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, recently made a stop at our Monticello containerboard mill as part of a 100-day trip up the Mississippi River Valley to follow the spring migration of billions of songbirds.
Georgia-Pacific and American Bird Conservancy are sponsors of Beehler's trek from the Gulf of Mexico to the Great North Woods of Canada.
Beehler says of his journey, "I hope that by documenting this adventure through frequent blog posts and eventually a book, I can help even more people understand the wondrous dynamic that unfolds annually in the backyards of millions of us living in the Americas."
By the end of his trip on July 5, Beehler will have made stops at more than 30 special natural sites in 12 states along the Mississippi River. In addition to Monticello, Mississippi, his visits included two other Georgia-Pacific facility sites in Port Hudson, Louisiana, and Crossett, Arkansas. Among the many topics he learned about included our wildlife conservation efforts, as well as our endangered forest mapping initiative.
Watch as Beehler tours Monticello's certified "Wildlife At Work" habitat, which includes 1,600 acres of actively managed land made up of a bottomland hardwood forest, wetlands and an open meadow and forest along the Pearl River.
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Kristen De Sousa, the 15-year-old Oakville-born runner who now lives in Dubai, has completed seven marathons on seven continents in three months.
She was supposed to finish off with a regular marathon of 42.2 kilometres in Punta Arenas, Chile, on Thursday. However, she felt strong enough to cap off her epic journey by running an Ultra marathon of 50 kilometres.
Her mother, Sharon, who ran with her all the way from the first marathon in Hamilton, Ont., back in November, said her daughter's time was 6:01.56.
On Jan. 26, Kristen completed the White Continent Marathon in Antarctica, which followed marathons in Ontario, Australia, South Africa, Italy and Dohar.
Her goal was to raise money and awareness for Children of the Mountain, a U.K.-registered group formed in 2009 that helps provide education for children in Nepal.


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By Unemployed - / Thursday 2 June 2011 04:40 / United States
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By HannahLouise96 | 13
She really should have told you she was allergic to almonds. Didn't she see them in the sundae?
By EffinToofer | 3
You should know what's in what you're eating. Especially if you have any allergies. That was not on you, OP. You were just doing your job the way you were taught to do it.
By unluckiestperson_fml | 14
Maybe she didn't know you were gonna put almonds on it so she couldn't ask otherwise?
Thrasher91 | 0
so when you're buying something you don't care about checking what you're paying for? you just assume it's what you want?
unluckiestperson_fml | 14
12- yeah that's true actually.
flamegrilled123 | 3
ikr I have a nut allergy and I ALWAYS check to make sure what I'm buying doesn't have nuts in it
Pretty_reckless_fml | 18
That's nuts :D
bonerlicious23 | 0
win :)
thebestof1984 | 0
A couple ice cream stores I've been to asked me if I wanted nuts on my sundae. I thought eveyone asked this question to avoid situations like this.
YacL | 15
McDonald's puts the peanuts for their ice cream in separate packages and you have to aak for some to put on your ice cream yourself. I think that's a simple solution to this. Or the customer could say "no nuts, please.", or the person making the ice cream could ask "would you like any nuts on that?" or something. This seems like an easily avoided situation, but at least now they know for next time.
iluvhobos | 5
1. it would have said it on the menu if the dessert had nuts 2. on every menu and in every restaurant (in the United States at least) there is a law that states that that restaurant must display the statement, "Please notify server if anyone has a food allergy" (or something to that matter), where it is clearly visible nut-chick is just a dumb bitch
KyRidHEART | 0
47 Win
SonOfAMitch | 14
That's right #95, almonds are actually a type of accessory that you can wear. They come in ALL types of colours and styles! Buy yours today by calling 1800-almonds-ARE-nuts to get a free trial course !
By HannahLouise96 | 13
She really should have told you she was allergic to almonds. Didn't she see them in the sundae?
lalalaughter | 0
hey, i'll have the nutty surprise." *gives ice cream* *eats* "OH MY GOODNESS! this has almonds?! you poisened me!!!"
By EffinToofer | 3
You should know what's in what you're eating. Especially if you have any allergies. That was not on you, OP. You were just doing your job the way you were taught to do it.
By RecklessJellyBea | 7
Meh. If she didn't like nuts in her mouth, she shouldn't have jerked around and came forth to tell you. >-
whybother8 | 0
haha thats funny
LiznessMonster | 9
I have no idea why this is voted down, that was pretty good!
Don't worry so do you
cocobulla1 | 4
wow ur nice -.- retard, y all u peeps have to go out and post mean things! -___-
By GallifreyDog | 2
What kind of stupid place do you work for? No-ones going to assume that theres almonds on it. That woman does have a right to complain, not particularly about you since you have to do that, but about whoever made up that stupid rule.
DizzyDaydreams | 1
What kind of a comment is that? The customer shouldn't assume that "OH FCK ALMONDS IN MY SUNDAE! MOTHERFCKING CRIMINALS TRYING TO POISON ME!" She should've acted more rational and be more aware of what's in her foodl
geeksaresexy | 18
I used to work at a Ben and Jerry's place and a woman once sent a really little (About 5) kid over to get his own ice cream. She came back and went batshit at me because I gave him an ice cream that had nuts in it and he was allergic. My response 'He chose it and that was clearly poor parenting on your part. He probably has no idea he can't have nuts, he's 5! If you knew he was allergic YOU should have been supervising him!' Most people I know that have an allergy check EVERYTHING before they buy it!
Bano360 | 25
If you are allergic to something, you should always ask. I don't ask a customer, oh you're buying nuts, are you allergic to them? If you have allergies, always ask, don't expect to be asked. As for 8, people like you should be put in a room, never to be let out with stupidity like that.
TheDrifter | 23
Usually the fact that it has nuts of some sort is either in the name or clearly visible in the sales picture. Why should the op have to ask customers if they are stupid enough to order and then eat a potentially lethal food product that is safe for 90+ percent of the population?
Pufferfish78 | 5
It is the customers responsibility to find out if there are any allergens in the food. Most restaurants have a sign posted stating that if they have allergies let the manager know. I have a gluten allergy and it is MY responsibility to find out if it's safe.
HannahLouise96 | 13
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Posts Tagged 'fells'
Robert Powell was out walking his dog in DeBary, Fla. when a pit bull leashed outside a home broke free and began to attack his pet. Powell, a Right-to-Carry permit holder, drew a .40 caliber pistol and shot the pit bull, killing it. A report by local law enforcement documented the bite marks on Powell's dog.
NRA-ILA News
Alfred and Sylvia Armen were tending to their music store, Armen's House of Music, in Bethel Park, Pa. when a man, who had just been inside the store, returned with a club. The criminal struck 71-year-old Sylvia in the head, prompting a physical altercation between 73-year-old Alfred and the attacker. During the struggle, Alfred was able to retrieve a .38-caliber revolver and shoot the criminal, killing him.
Sylvia and Alfred suffered minor injuries during the incident, but Sylvia assured local media that she is "a tough cookie."
NRA-ILA News


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I am an Assistant Professor in the Physics department at Texas Tech University. My team and I work on very young supernovae, near field cosmology, and active galactic nuclei. I also dabble in instrumentation. This website is always a work in progress.
If you are an undergraduate looking for a research opportunity, please contact me. No real experience is necessary. All I expect is enthusiasm and reliability.
I am hiring a postdoc to work on resolved stellar populations in the Local Volume. Please email me directly if you have any questions! Here is the job ad. (it will be up on January 1st 2017)
Email: david.sand at ttu.edu
Office: Science 107


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And what better way to celebrate than with a giveaway?
Four years ago we started Beers at the Bottom -- and writing about our Trails and Ales adventures. It's been an amazing time that has taken us not only across the Pacific Northwest, but across the sea to Japan and South Korea. Now, after dozens of published articles, hundreds of trails hiked and beers sampled, plus a book on the way -- it's time we took a moment to celebrate how far we've come.
And what better way to celebrate than with a giveaway?
There's something about books that we can't shake. Maybe it's the heft — the physical space occupied by a book — or the timeless scent of bound paper and ink. Perhaps it's the low-tech, battery-free operation that we find so appealing. As hikers, backpackers, and travelers, we believe books are worth the weight. You'll always find one in our packs.
Because of our longstanding love of books, we've added a new section to the site: Book and Brew Reviews. Here, we'll review hiking, beer, and travel-related books while enjoying a beer or two along the way.
Join WTA June 22, 2017 at Boundary Bay Brewery in Bellingham for an evening of Trails and Ales. This event is free and open to the public. Be sure to register at the link, and we hope to see you there!
Have you heard the news?! We're excited to announce that we are brand new brand ambassadors for Two Beers Brewing Co!
Here's our first Day Hike blog (which we totally messed up by using last year's can, lol). So while you won't see this one on the official Two Beers blog, we thought we'd post it here as a preview of the content we'll be creating for them this summer. Cheers!
Normally we'd spend a sunny Saturday on the trail, chased by a pint or two at the nearest brewpub. But February 25, 2017 is no normal Saturday in Bellingham. It's a day to celebrate with two of our favorite industries: local beer and the great outdoors.
Many of us after reading the current headlines are starting to worry about the future of our wild spaces. As hikers and outdoor enthusiasts, we want to keep our wild spaces...wild. That means free of pollution, with minimal human interference. Recent events feel like a threat to our environment — and we can't help but be worried.
December is here! This year, we've curated a list of some of our favorite beer and hiking gifts from around the northwest. From trail and brewery guides to hats, travel, and more -- here's our 2016 Beer Hiking Gift Guide. Hoppy Holidays!
One of the best things about working on our upcoming guidebook is having the chance to do something we absolutely love: Beer Travel. We've had the opportunity to explore places long on our list, but some of the best trails and ales we've checked out recently were in places we never expected.
To kick-off this holiday season, we'd love to give you a little peek into one of the hike-brewery pairings that will be featured in our book!
Another story for the Everett Herald!
After hiking up Green Mountain and back, it's beer time
The following is a guest post by our globe-trotting buddy, Nathan Anderson of The Open Road Before Me. Read on for Nathan's account of trail and ale adventures in New Zealand, and be sure to check out his site for more adventurous travel stories!
When I moved to the North Island of New Zealand, I wanted to be somewhere central. Somewhere I could use as an adventure hub, sallying forth to explore what the North had to offer. When I got a job as a receptionist in Taupo, I got just what I was looking for. Taupo is about as central as you can get, and is snug on the northern shore of the largest lake (by surface area) in New Zealand. Volcano cones and pillars of steam dot the horizon, and adventure activities abound.
Among our international trips have been several jaunts up to British Columbia, our favorite local getaway. We turned our research into an article in Mount Baker Experience, a quarterly magazine detailing "Adventures in the Pacific Northwest". Check out B.C. hikes, brews and gondola views!
During our latest adventure, we researched a story for the Everett Herald on Highway 2. From backpacking Barclay Lake to hiking Bridal Veil Falls and enjoy pints at Mt. Index Brewery, we had a jam-packed weekend. Read about it here!
We went all out(doors!) for our first feature with OutdoorsNW magazine, "The Northwest Original Since 1988". Being born in '88 myself, I think I'll adopt that slogan moving forward.
Anyways, the article. It's about (surprise!) hiking and breweries in the North Cascades. We wrote about a few new places this time around, so be sure to check it out!
What do hikers crave most after a long, strenuous outing? A hot meal and a cold drink. Read more at WhatcomTalk!
Our friends Stacy and Brandon of Pacific North Wanderers interviewed us! Head over to their site to check it out, and be sure to leave them some love while you're there. Cheers!
For our first "Featured Friends" post, we welcome Stacy and Brandon of Pacific North Wanderers. They caught our eye on Twitter a couple months ago by sharing great content and SO MUCH ENTHUSIASM for hiking. We love it. And you will, too. Without further ado, meet the Wanderers!
ABV Girl Feature
We recently had the pleasure of being interviewed by Kimberly of Adventure, Brews, and Views. Kimberly (aka ABV Girl) is a fellow outdoors adventurer and craft beer enthusiast. Based in Portland, OR, she's doing a smashing job of promoting a healthy, adventurous lifestyle. Keep living boldly, Kimberly!
Check out the interview here, and show her site some love!
We are very excited to announce our first product, the Trails and Ales Journal!
Our Trails and Ales Journal is perfect for recording your beer hiking adventures, from backcountry to brewery. Featuring original illustrations by Rachel Wood, these journals are lightweight and compact. Throw one in your pack today, or make it a gift for a friend!
We started Beers at the Bottom nearly three years ago, in July 2013. At the time, pairing trails and ales was something many people did naturally, without much thought. We were those people.
North Cascades Trails & Ales
Our latest article for MapQuest pairs three North Cascades hikes with nearby breweries. Cheers!
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News & Events
Students in the Automotive Technology program at the Stanton Campus recently completed an unusual project—a haunted hearse owned by Frightland, the local Halloween attraction.
Christiana Care Gene Editing Institute and Delaware Technical Community College partner to bring gene editing education to undergraduate institutions
Students from the Delaware Technical Community College Communications Program participated in Phillies College Media Night at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia.
The winners of a black and white license plate raffle were announced recently, and congratulations go to Pete and Susan Booker of Wilmington, DE. Tickets were sold over several months, with proceeds benefiting the College's student scholarship fund.
Delaware Tech's Cross Country Team recently signed three recruits for its 2017-2018 cross country team. These included:
Delaware Tech hosted job fairs throughout April that were designed for College students to network and seek employment with Delaware companies and organizations.
H. Terry Johnson was inducted into the Delaware Technical Community College Owens Campus Hall of Fame on Thursday, April 6 during a ceremony held in the Carter Partnership Center.
The Terry Campus held a Donor Appreciation Luncheon on March 29, 2017 to thank its donors for making a difference in student success and to give those supporters the opportunity to hear directly from students and alumni who received scholarships as a result of that generosity.
At the 2017 Owens Campus Scholarship Luncheon, five Delaware Tech students had the opportunity to thank donors directly for establishing scholarships and helping students succeed in the classroom and in life.
GEORGETOWN – Chris Antonik, who recently retired as department chairperson of the Delaware Technical Community College Commercial Transportation Program, has been awarded the Lee J. Crittenden Memorial Award by the Professional Truck Driver Institute, Inc. (PTDI).
GEORGETOWN – Delaware Tech Communications Department students recently had an opportunity to go behind the scenes of the Penn Cinema Riverfront's IMAX Theater in Wilmington on Monday, March 13.
WILMINGTON – On Wednesday, March 22, Delaware Tech's Stanton and George Campuses' celebrated Women's History Month by honoring Ms. Pat Saunders for her volunteerism efforts in the state of Delaware.
GEORGETOWN – Delaware Technical Community College's Owens Campus softball team recently signed two players to letters of intent to play next season.
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Arudha, 1 Definition(s)
Arudha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. Check out some of the following descriptions and leave a comment if you want to add your own contribution to this article.
In Hinduism
Arudha (अरुध).—The son of Setu and father of Gāndhāra.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 74. 7-9; Vāyu-purāṇa 99. 7-9.
about this context:
The Purāṇas (पुराण, purana) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India's vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahāpurāṇas total over 400,000 ślokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Relevant definitions
Search found 2 related definition(s) that might help you understand this better. Below you will find the 15 most relevant articles:
Yoga (योग) refers to "application / contemplation of mind" and is one of the causes leading to ...
Ārūḷha, (pp. of āruhati) — 1. ascended, mounted, gone up, gone on to IV. 137; J. VI, 452 (T. ār...
Relevant text
Search found 5 books containing Arudha. You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the 20 most relevant articles:
- · Śrī Hari-bhakti-kalpa-latikā > ... > Text 14
- · Śrī Hari-bhakti-kalpa-latikā > ... > Text 42
- · Brihad Bhagavatamrita > ... > Verse 2.6.320
- · Yoga Vasistha Volume 2, Part I > ... > Different States of Knowledge and Ignorance
- · Śrī Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu > ... > Third Wave: Involuntary Ecstatic Expressions
» Click here to see all 5 search results in a detailed overview.
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Make this page a better place for research and define the term yourself in your own words.


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The Studio King Bed comes from a line of furniture that will stand the test of time.
The unique design and workmanship are crafted in a variety of local and imported solid wood and veneer plywood, giving furniture that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
Available in 2 sizes.
- King Dimensions:
- 88″W x 84″D x 42″H
- Queen Dimensions:
- 71″W x 84″D x 42″H


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Billings Clinic
Billings, Montana
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Billings Clinic is nationally recognized for clinical excellence and is a proud member of the Mayo Clinic Care Network. Located in Billings, Montana – this friendly college community is a great place to raise a family near the majestic Rocky Mountains. Exciting outdoor recreation close to home. 300 days of sunshine!


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The world's most valuable company, again, Apple has reportedly opted the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) as the sole provider of next-generation processors for the iPhone 7, according to a report from South Korea's The Electronic Times, which cited anonymous industry sources. The said, the agreement excludes the South Korean technology giant Samsung from its task to jointly develop processors for the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus along with TSMC as it did with the iPhone 6S and 6S smartphones.
Apple is widely anticipated to use the next-generation A-series chipset, likely to be named A10 processor, in the forthcoming iPhone 7. Apple's new A10 processor will be based on 10nm architecture and its production is said to begin sometime in June, per Reuters. The Cupertino-based technology titan is assumed to stick to its timeline in launching the new flagship iPhone devices some time in September.
The folks at Apple Insider reported that TSMC will take advantage of its InFO (integrated fan out) architecture for the Apple A10's 10nm-based chipset, which reduces thickness and weight by filling up embedded chips on top of one another. That said, it will help Apple in making its iPhone 7 quite slimmer and lighter.
The South Korean electronics Samsung produced as much as 70 percent of the A9 chip for the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, while TSM. Apple acknowledged the issue and said the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus' performance varies about 2-3 percent between TSMC- and Samsung-made A9 chipsets.
Apple is expected to introduce its own wireless charging, waterproof build, dual-camera sensors setup and a bigger battery. The Cupertino-based technology giatn will stick to the 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch variants and it will not have a headphone jack. There are also speculations that a 4-inch iPhone 5se is expected to be launched some time in March. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus are expected to be launched in September.


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Hot off the press editorial from the "Advances in Dental Research®" journal, Vol. 28, No. 1, March 2016 on the topic "Integrative Performance Analysis for Dental Implant Research".
The objective of this meeting consisted in discussing the optimal workflow for the development of a dental implant from the initial bench design to in vivo implantation at the clinical level. As a study case, attendees decided to share views on and confer about a new tapered implant.
This special issue of Advances in Dental Research reflects the multiple outcomes of the discussions that took place during the above symposium and the multiple exchanges and chats that followed.
The opening publication consists in a narrative review. The authors of the first paper, relying on undisputed clinical experience, describe that the relationship that exists among implant surface, primary stability, thread configuration, body shape, and type of bony bed has to be considered to lessen treatment times by decreasing the healing period during which osseointegration is established (Wilson et al. 2016). From this discussion, the concept of initial stability, which incorporates all the aforementioned parameters (including primary stability), clearly emerges.
Consequently the 2 subsequent papers by Boyan et al. (2016) and Bonfante and Coelho (2016) deepen, respectively, the significance of implant surface and mechanical properties on osseointegration and their long-term maintenance. Boyan et al. (2016) insist on how surface design affects mesenchymal cell response and differentiation into the osteoblast lineage, as recent studies have highlighted the importance of hierarchical micro-/nanosurface roughness, as well as surface roughness in combination with surface wettability. Cell surface receptors recognize topographic and biological changes in the surface and downstream signaling pathways accordingly (i.e., the noncanonical Wnt5a pathway, which has been implicated in osteoblastic differentiation on titanium implant surfaces). Moreover, recently conducted studies on the differences in biological responses to implants based on sex, age, and clinical factors advocate for patient-specific implant designs.
Bonfante and Coelho (2016) identify the complexity of investigating varied implant designs, related bone response, area of implantation, implant bulk material, restoration, abutments and related screws, fixation mode (screwed, fixed, or a combination), and horizontal implant-abutment matching geometry. They are concerned by the number of and interplay among variables in dental implant treatment and outline that this presents a challenge to clinical trials attempting to answer questions in a timely, unbiased, and economically feasible fashion. Their manuscript critically appraises the most common mechanical testing methods used to characterize the implant-prosthesis complex. It attempts to provide insight into the process of construction of an informed database of clinically relevant questions regarding preclinical evaluation of implant biomechanics and failure mechanisms. The use of such methodologies as single load to failure, fatigue life, fatigue limit, and step-stress accelerated life testing is pragmatically discussed with emphasis on their weaknesses and strengths.
The fourth publication, by Dard et al. (2016), defends the concept of integrative performance analysis applied to a novel bone-level tapered implant. They propose successively conducting bone type–specific drill procedures that ensure maximum insertion torque values within the range of 15 to 80 N·cm when measured by maximum insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis. The biomechanical behavior of the taperwalled implant was assessed in combination with a bone type– specific drill procedure in natural bone of various types (porcine ribs and mandible) and an in vitro model using polyurethane foam blocks of variable density (bone types 1 through 4). This approach intends to predict primary stability upon implantation. Furthermore, the authors show that finite elemental analysis supports the effectiveness of incorporating an optimized drill procedure for a given implant type and bone quality.
Stavropoulos and Cochran (Stavropoulos et al. 2016) offer an extensive concluding contribution by evaluating, in a preclinical in vivo model, whether a protocol involving slight underpreparation of the implant site may have an effect on aspects of osseointegration as compared with the standard protocol, with taping and profiling of the marginal aspect of the implant osteotomy. (For full editorial, papers, references and table of contents, see below)
Dr Michel Dard is the Global Medical Director & Head of Medical Affairs at the Institute Straumann AG in Basel, Switzerland. Furthermore he holds two faculty positions at New York University and Columbia University both in the city of New York, NY, USA.
Advances in Dental Research 2016, Vol. 28(1) 2–3. © International & American Associations for Dental Research 2016. Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav. DOI: 10.1177/0022034516630947. adr.sagepub.com
Website of Advances in Dental Research®
Upcoming symposium at the 2016 IADR/APR General Session & Exhibition, June 22-25, 2016, COEX Convention Center in Seoul, Republic of Korea:
Clinical Investigations in Implant Dentistry: A Rainbow of Opportunities
Sponsored by: Implantology Research, Periodontal Research
Organizer: Michel Dard


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Buchnummer des Verkäufers
Inhaltsangabe: So many of us suffer from an intense spiritual inferiority complex. We are insecure about God's love for us. We don't understand our true worth in his eyes. We struggle with guilt over mistakes we've made. We are ashamed of our own lack of devotion or fervor. We want Jesus to light the flame of love in our hearts, to feel as we did when we first received his salvation.
On the other hand, following Jesus has become stale and familiar to countless Christians today. The flame of first love has waned and our zeal for the Lord has cooled. We need to be inspired and challenged to utterly abandon our lives to Jesus anew.
With a deep sense of awe and a fierce intimacy, this unique book explores five women in the Gospels whose encounters with Jesus revolutionized their lives. Through their imagined diaries, readers get a glimpse of the inner thoughts of the Samaritan woman, the woman caught in adultery, the prostitute, the woman with an issue of blood, and Mary of Bethany. Readers meet these women in their most desperate moments and feel the captivating love and forgiveness of their Savior, revealing how Jesus intersects their lives.
From the Back Cover:
"What a treasure!"--Lysa TerKeurst, New York Times bestselling author; president of Proverbs 31 Ministries
Two thousand years ago, Jesus Christ met face-to-face with people just like you. Broken, imperfect, sometimes fearful and without hope. The Day I Met Jesus is a beautifully crafted narrative that chronicles the remarkable encounters of five women in the Gospels who were desperate to find wholeness, security, and purpose. Like all of us, these women struggled with the regrets of their pasts, the stresses of their presents, and the worries of their tomorrows.
Join Frank Viola and Mary DeMuth on a fascinating journey back in time as they retell the dramatic accounts of five women who met Jesus. Each narrative is told from each woman's unique perspective, yet tightly grounded in the Gospel accounts and faithful to first-century history. Elegantly written and profoundly stirring, this book blends creative narrative with uncommon insight, spiritual depth, and practical application.
If you are someone who seeks a renewal of hope, faith, and love, The Day I Met Jesus will make your Bible come to life and usher you into a fresh encounter with your Lord.
"We all long to lift the veil of history and catch a glimpse of the real story--the one that makes our hearts pound, our faith grow, and our lives change. That's exactly what Frank Viola and Mary DeMuth offer."--Holley Gerth, author of You're Already Amazing and You're Made for a God-Sized Dream
"Truly a wonderful book."--Liz Curtis Higgs, bestselling author of Bad Girls of the Bible
"Jesus, from the very beginning, has been 'good news for women.' One reads of His encounters with the women described in this book with a sense of wonder that these interactions took place two thousand years ago."--John Ortberg, pastor, author of Who Is This Man?
Frank Viola has helped thousands of people around the world to deepen their relationship with Jesus Christ and enter into a more vibrant and authentic experience of church. Learn more at frankviola.org.
Mary DeMuth is a former church planter, an author, a sought-after speaker, and a longtime blogger on what it means to live uncaged. Learn more at marydemuth.com.
Zustand: New
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text: Pollster Frank Luntz briefly generated shock waves this week with a survey showing the abysmal view of Israel held by Democratic opinion leaders. Inter alia, 47 percent deemed Israel racist, with only 32 percent disagreeing, and a whopping 76 percent said Israel has too much influence on U.S. foreign policy. But in truth, it shouldn't be news to anyone by now that anti-Israel sentiment, like its kissing cousin anti-Semitism, is primarily the province of the liberal elites. I've written beforeabout a German study showing that educated elites, rather than the far-right fringes, are the wellspring of anti-Semitism in that country; just last month, another study found that the same is true for anti-Israel sentiment. And the reason for this goes beyond the obvious fact that anti-Semitism and anti-Israelism are related.


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Earn Decántalo points when you place an order that you can exchange for gift wines.
BCN Gin is a Catalan gin distilled in the Priorat. It shares many characteristics with the ciudad condal: modernism, tradition, modernity and nature.
Only natural ingredients are used to make BCN Gin. The water is sourced from Font del Mas Petit, a natural spring from the licorella del Priorat (a type of slate stone typical to this area of Catalunya). The juniper, rosemary, fennel, pine shoots and figs are also obtained from these very same mountains. These are all combined with Southern Mediterranean Catalan ingredients: lime and lemon rind. This gin distills in the Arnold Holstein, the only still capable of extracting the essence of Cariñena and Garnacha grapes.
Gin. Volume: 70 cl. Distillery: Esmeralda Liquors. Production area: Spain.
Gin. Volume: 70 cl. Distillery: Esmeralda Liquors. Production area: Spain.


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The following excerpt is from an article that originally appeared on Bearing Arms
Eric with Iraqveteran8888 tested the 62gr Controlled Chaos Copper in .223 Remington in two different scenarios: simulated home defense and hunting to test the performance of this unique round.
Author's Bio: Jenn Jacques
Born and raised in northern rural Wisconsin, she is an avid outdoors woman, target and skeet shooter, Second Amendment supporter and defender, concealed carry advocate, NRA member and frequent guest on the NRATV News programs Cam&Co and CNLive. Jenn is a wife and mother, former private detective, active in WI politics, and an outspoken conservative gun owner. Her personal blog can be found on jennjacques.com and you can follow her on Twitter at @JennJacques.
Click here to Read this Entire Story on Bearing ArmsThis post was originally published on this site


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Bonnie's Reviews > The Beekeeper's Apprentice > Status Update
Bonnie is 89% done
'Holmes your eyebrow has fallen off again.' Lol— Nov 07, 2011 08:07PM
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Bonnie is 91% done
'I shall just have to remember that if I ever want to catch your attention, all I need to do is threaten to blow you up.'— Nov 07, 2011 08:14PM
Bonnie is 51% done
"Next time we do this, I will play the deaf old woman and you can laugh at rude jests for an hour." Haha— Nov 06, 2011 07:02PM
Bonnie is 44% done
Sherlock, you know I love you, it's just that... well, Drink Deep just came in so I need to put you on hold for now. I'm sure you can understand. :D— Nov 01, 2011 09:51AM
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Braselton DDA discusses hiring first employee
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Braselton DDA discusses hiring first employee
Posted by
Kerri Testement
Braselton Archives
Top Stories & Breaking News
Saturday, February 18. 2012
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The Braselton Downtown Development Authority (DDA) is considering the possibility of hiring its first employee — but not before it decides what that person's job duties will include.
The DDA has made it clear that intends to apply for Braselton's status as either a Better Hometown or in the Main Street program — both offered through the Georgia Department of Community Affairs. The programs focus on revitalization in a commercial district, including building improvements, economic development and promotion.
However, the state agency has said it's not taking additional cities into the programs due to budget cuts.
But when the door opens for those programs, the Braselton DDA wants to be prepared to apply to the state agency.
Officials from the DCA told the authority last month that because its population has grown, Braselton would qualify for the Main Street program — a designation that would require a full-time program manager working at least 32 hours a week. The Better Hometown designation only requires that managers work a minimum of 20 hours a week.
Braselton town manager Jennifer Dees told the DDA on Thursday that salaries for such positions vary greatly — depending on the manager's experience and job responsibilities.
"This board hires them, this board does their evaluations — they wouldn't work for me or the town," Dees said.
But hiring a manager will take money and Dees advised the authority members to consider if they want to fill such a proposed position in its FY 2013 budget — which will start on July 1. Braselton's departments will start working soon on their proposed budgets for next fiscal year, she added.
For the DDA's inaugural budget in FY 2011, the Braselton Town Council approved the transfer of $30,000 from the general fund to the authority's budget. Most of that money was earmarked for a market study of downtown, but that project was later rolled into the renovation work of the Braselton Brothers Store complex.
At the start of the 2012 fiscal year, the Braselton DDA had about $30,000 in its bank account and has raised additional revenue through its annual wine tasting and auction.
Dees told authority members on Thursday that if the group budgets the funds for an employee, but doesn't fill that position during the 2013 fiscal year, it could transfer the money to another expense or keep it for the following fiscal year.
"But, it's better to plan," she said.
Pat Graham, a member of the authority who is running for chairman of the Barrow County Board of Commissioners, said the DDA's first step should be to look at a job description for the position.
"I think once we do a job description, we'll have a better opportunity to determine what the wages should be," she said.
However, Graham emphasized that a key responsibility of the position should be economic development.
Dees said the timing of hiring Braselton's first Main Street manager will affect the amount that the DDA will budget for the position. Should the position be filled earlier in the fiscal year, more money would have to be budgeted than if a manager is named later.
The authority has discussed the possibility of launching a grand re-opening event in November or December to commemorate the substantial completion of several major infrastructure projects in downtown Braselton. The organization of that event could be handled by the proposed Main Street manager.
"If you want someone to come in on July 1, you need to get moving," Dees said.
In other business, the Braselton DDA members discussed the possibility of a weekly Bingo game — which could potentially be a fundraiser for the authority and various nonprofit groups.
Authority member Cindy Phillips pitched the idea of Friday night Bingo games being held in the lower level of the Braselton Police and Municipal Court Building. The DDA would sponsor the event, but a designated nonprofit group could receive a portion of the proceeds, too. The benefiting nonprofit group would vary each week.
Phillips said the fundraiser would be a way to get more folks to downtown Braselton in the evenings — especially families with children.
Dees reported that similar Bingo games held recently by nonprofit groups in Braselton have been successful. Phillips said she would report back on the proposal at a future DDA meeting.
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Plaintiffs, a group of entities and individuals that owned businesses or real property located on Central Avenue in Albuquerque, New Mexico, filed suit seeking to enjoin the City of Albuquerque from proceeding with construction of a rapid transit bus system along Central Avenue. Plaintiffs claimed, in pertinent part, that the City and the Federal Transit Administration (from whom the City sought federal funding for the project), violated the National Environmental Policy Act, and the National Historic Preservation Act, in the course of planning the project. The district court denied plaintiffs' request for a preliminary injunction. Plaintiffs filed an interlocutory appeal challenging that ruling. Finding no reversible error, however, the Tenth Circuit affirmed.


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Men's Shirt: Ties, Collar And Torso
How Low Should A Tie Hang?
Ideally, the tip of the tie should just touch the belt buckle. But note that not all ties are suited to your height. An average tie measures 145cm and can sometimes be too long for a short torso even after knotting.
How Wide Is The Classic Tie? Is The Skinny Tie In Or Out?
The classic tie is between 9 and 9.5cm wide. If you are of a broader build, you can wear one up to l0cm in width. Skinny ties are always trendy. They appeal to the fashion-conscious man but may not be suitable for the office.
What Materials Are Best?
Woven silk ties are the best as they are smart and have a nice weight to them. They can, however, be costly.
Are Tie Clips Necessary?
A tie clip is conventionally used to clip your tie to your shirt to prevent it from flapping about. Depending on the industry you are in, it can be a lifesaver, F&B managers, for example, may find one useful as it prevents awkward situations like ties dipping into soup bowls. Tie clips also lend a dressier feel to an ensemble and are more suitable for an evening do.
Are Bow-Ties The Ultimate Fashion Faux Pas?
Traditionally, bow-ties are reserved for ceremonial suits and tuxedos.
What Are Some Of The Best Tie-Shirt-Color-Pattern Combinations?
Keep the palette of colors to three at most. Think solid on solid, stripes on stripes, and checks on checks as a rule. They should work as long as there are not more than three contrasting colors. Plain colored shirts can be paired with fancier ties. A simple checked tie can go with a striped shirt, a floral tie works great with a plain shirt, and a tie with small polka dots works surprisingly well with striped shirts. You should experiment, experiment and experiment. There shouldn't be any rules. Sometimes, it's nicer if you don't match the colors. It all depends on how you carry it off.
What Are The Different Ways To Tie A Tie?
The Windsor Knot: This is a thick, wide and triangular tie knot that projects confidence. It is one of the most popular knots and is suitable for presentations, job interviews and other professional appearances. It is best suited for spread collar shirts. While just about everyone can wear the Windsor Knot, it looks especially good on men with longer necks as its wide form shortens the perceived height of the neck
The Pratt Knot: This is tidy and fairly wide, although not as wide as the Windsor. It is best paired with dress shirts and used with wider ties made from light to medium fabrics.
Windsor Knot
Pratt Knot
The collar can make or break your look because the top of the shirt is the area people notice first. Collar points should be even and free from wrinkles. To keep collars from curling, insert cardboard, plastic or metal stays at the tips when you store them.
Some Shirts Have Fabrics That Are Different On The Inside And The Outside Of Collars. Why Is This?
Collars usually come in a single color but, increasingly, brands like Raoul and Hugo Boss have given in to bi-tone collars, with the inner collar fabric (called an interlining) having a different shade or print from the outer one. There is no functional reason. The design merely harks back to the "old-money" way of dressing bankers.
Why Are There So Many Different Collar Styles?
Well, department stores stock at most two collar types. Fashion brands like Hugo Boss retail four types. But for the ultimate in choice, tailor companies stock the most.
So How Do I Know Which Is Best For Me?
There Are Four Basic Office Shirt Collars
This is the area covered by the shirt body. Men's shirts come in two basic cuts: tapered (fitted), or full cut. Slim guys will probably prefer the trimmer, fitted style. The full cut suits men with larger builds. Basically, if the fit around your torso is too loose, the excess fabric will end up bulging around your waistline.
How Long Should My Shirt Torso Be?
Shirt-tails should be long enough to be tucked into dress pants. Shirt lengths are defined by the number of buttons on the so-called "placket", which is the strip of fabric where buttons are attached. The standard shirt features a six-button front excluding the collar button. Shirts for taller men or those with a larger build have seven buttons.
Why Are Some Shirt-Tails Square While Others Are Rounded?
The shape of the shirt-tail is an indication of whether a shirt is meant for formal or casual wear. If the shirt-tail is cut straight, the shirt is a casual one and is meant to be worn tucked out. If you tuck it in, fabric at the sides will stick out, giving you an unsightly triangular silhouette. If the shirt-tail is rounded, the shirt is a formal one and is meant to be worn tucked in.
Should I Worry About Side Seams?
How the sides are stitched together determine how easily the shirt can be ripped apart. Make sure the seams do not pucker. The finishing should also be smooth, with no irregularity in how the fabrics are joined. Regular shirts are finished with side seams exposing fabric edges on the inside.
Why Are Shirts Often Made Of Cotton?
Cotton is an ideal shirt fabric as it can bear high temperatures, so it washes well in hot water and withstands ironing heat. It resists abrasion and dyes well too. When wet, it increases in strength by 10 per cent.
I Was Old Sea Island Cotton Is The Highest Quality Of Shirt Fabric To Use. How True Is That?
Generally, the longer the fibre, the higher the price and the more luxurious the feel of the fabric. Sea island cotton produces the longest yam. It also has a nice sheen, which means that when it is dyed, its color appears richer. Next comes Egyptian cotton. It is a strong, lustrous, long staple cotton produced in the Nile River Valley. Other fine grades are American, Swiss and Peruvian cottons, while lower grade ones include Indian and Chinese cottons.
I Am Confused About Cotton Fabrics. What Do Terms Like Herringbone And Oxford Refer To?
These are all essentially cotton fabrics. They refer to the different ways the cotton yams are being woven to produce various shirt fabrics. The most common shirt fabric is the end-to-end and the poplin, which are plain weaves and have smooth non-textured surfaces. The oxford has a textured appearance made up of tiny little squares, a result of basket-weaving two different colored yarns together.
The twill is a diagonal weave so the shirting appears to be made up of fine slanted lines. The herringbone is a variation of the twill weave. The diagonals alternate directions, resembling the backbone of a fish. For those who venture into temperate countries, thicker textured weaves like twill and herringbone are better because they keep the wearer warmer. Textured weaves work better as after-work wear as they look more stylish with their structure and elegance.
What Is Threadcount?
Threadcount basically refers to the number of threads per square inch of shirt fabric. The higher the threadcount the more luxurious (and costly) the fabric. High threadcount also means the weave is tighter and that the fabric is finer. This makes the shirting stronger and more resistant to wear. Low-end brands have a threadcount as low as 40. But it is costly for that quality, it is a high price to pay. Maintenance is not simple, either.
These shirts wrinkle easily and cannot be kept folded because the fold marks may become permanent. In general, you need to go only as high as 120. Such shirts are fine enough to wear in hot weather and thick enough to be less easily wrinkled. They last longer than shirts of lower threadcounts because they can undergo a greater number of tough washes.
Are Shirt Pockets Passe?
Pockets - either square or spade-shaped - serve little functional purpose these days and are merely ornamental. Industry players predict the pocket feature will soon be phased out for business shirts.
What Should I Look For In Shirt Buttons?
Shirt buttons should have four holes, and should be stitched with the threads forming an "X" over the button. This is the most secure button stitch for a shirt. Buttons are made of polyester plastic, akoya shell or mother-of-pearl. Plastic is strongest, while shell and pearl buttons are more brittle but are popular due to their lustre.
Here To Learn More About


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Joining Jools for the second show of this series is East London's king of pop Dizzee Rascal, who has grown from one-time Mercury winner to chart-topping national treasure-in-waiting.
Editors make a welcome return to the studio to play tracks from their new third album In This Light And On This Evening.
Leeds' Gang Of Four, who were widely considered one of the leading bands of the late 70s/early 80s post punk-movement, still with original singer Jon King and guitarist Andy Gill, play tracks from their 1979 debut album Entertainment!, ranked as one of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time.
The UK's queen of soul and R&B Beverley Knight is also on the show with numbers from her new album 100%.
Also in the studio is Rolling Stone drummer Charlie Watts, who is sharing his love and knowledge of the ancient art of boogie woogie by accompanying pianists extraordinaire Ben Waters and Axel Zwingenberger, plus American bohemian singer-songwriter Krystle Warren, originally from Kansas City, now based in Paris, with songs from her debut album Circles, which introduces a strikingly original, intimate voice.
Add this episode to your queue to receive more information about
Dizzee Rascal, Editors, Gang of Four, Beverley Knight, Charlie Watts, Krystle Warren. and we will let you know when it becomes available.


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Items with special taunt attached
The Manmelter
Level 30 Indivisible Particle Smasher
This weapon will reload automatically when not active.
Being a device that flouts conventional scientific consensus that the molecules composing the human body must be arranged "just so", and not, for example, across a square-mile radius.
Being a device that flouts conventional scientific consensus that the molecules composing the human body must be arranged "just so", and not, for example, across a square-mile radius.
- +50% projectile speed
- Does not require ammo
- Alt-Fire: Extinguish teammates to gain guaranteed critical hits
- Extinguishing teammates restores 20 health
- No random critical hits
The Phlogistinator
Level 10 Flame Thrower
Being a revolutionary appliance capable of awakening the fire element phlogiston that exists in all combustible creatures, which is to say, all of them.
- Build 'Mmmph' by dealing damage.
Alt-Fire on full 'Mmmph': Taunt to gain crit for several seconds.
Invulnerable while 'Mmmph' taunting.
- No random critical hits
- No airblast
The Robo-Sandvich
Level 1 Lunch Box
Robots don't just run off oil. They also run off metal things constructed to resemble human food. Why? Why don't you tell me, if you're so smart? If anything, eating a metal sandwich makes MORE sense. Why don't you and oil have a baby that you have shared custody of after you and oil have a messy divorce if you love oil so much?
Unusual Horseless Headless Horsemann's Headtaker
Level 5 Axe
Cursed by dark spirits similar to
those that dwell within the Eyelander.
those that dwell within the Eyelander.
- This Weapon has a large melee range and
deploys and holsters slower
- No random critical hits
- -25 max health on wearer
- Style: TF_UnknownStyle
- Styles: TF_UnknownStyle, TF_UnknownStyle
The Eureka Effect
Level 20 Wrench
Being a tool that eliminates exertion by harnessing the electrical discharges of thunder-storms for the vigorous coercion of bolts, nuts, pipes and similar into their rightful places. May also be used to bludgeon.
- Press your reload key to choose to teleport to spawn or your exit teleporter
- -50% metal cost when constructing or upgrading teleporters
- Construction hit speed boost decreased by 50%
- 20% less metal from pickups and dispensers


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'I love you all so much.' You're the best! In this episode, I will explore emotions, what they truly are, and why they aren't a great force to live by.
Much like fear and desire, emotions are instinctive, but they are instincive reactions/moods, and not 'as much' instinctive motivators. How strongly we consciously understand and recognize our emotions, does at least partially dictate our actions however. Like other aspects of self, if we leave them unchecked, they can get out of control, and subconscioulsy drive our existence.
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Take a look at the lovely Henrietta. She's a domestic medium hair and has a sweet personality. Henrietta is 2 years old, so she's through with her wild teenage years and is ready to settle down with someone lucky.
Take a look at the lovely Henrietta. She�s a domestic medium hair and has a sweet personality. Henrietta is 2 years old, so she�s through with her wild teenage years and is ready to settle down with someone lucky.
Lassie is a lab-golden mix and is 8 months old. Sweet and friendly, she�s ready to be a family dog. I asked her if she was waiting for a boy named Timmy, and she told me (her English is very good) that she doesn�t have to have a Timmy. She�ll be a bestie for a Sally, a Joe, a Mildred �
In June, the animal shelter had 346 intakes, 8 return to owners, 41 placed in rescues and 188 euthanized. The number of adopted pets rose from last year�s 61 to a wonderful 80, thanks to First Farmers and Merchants Bank and the Dog Adoption Days they sponsored all month long. Remember folks, adopting is only one way we can help our four-legged friends. Spaying and neutering our pets is a truly effective way to lower the overpopulation of dogs and cats. Let�s make sure the animals in our community all have a safe and loving home.
If you�re interested in volunteering at the shelter or with Pet Pals, visit us on Facebook and we�ll put you to work. The animal shelter is located at 1233 Mapleash Ave. on the corner of Tom J. Hitch Parkway and Mapleash Ave. in Columbia. It�s open Tuesday-Friday from 11 a.m.-5 p.m. and Saturday from 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m. More information is available by calling (931) 375-1402 or by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
Beverly Mitchell is a member of Pet Pals of Maury County.


text: This is a PDF Sewing Pattern to make a cute summer skirt for your American Girl Doll and other soft bodied 18'' dolls with similar measurements . The skirt has 8 panels ( all the same ) very easy to cut and to put together with a 1/4'' width elastic band for easy doll dressing . SUPPLIES NEEDED : -1/4 Yard cotton / Baby rib knits or very light denim like fabric not less than width 45'' - Matching thread - Scissors - Pins -Elastic width 1/4'' and length 10.5'' - Tape measure or Ruler -Fabric marker or chalk -Sewing needle This is a PDF Pattern and NOT a finished product . The pattern will be delivered via instant down load. P.S The listing is ONLY for the skirt and the top is NOT included in the pattern. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions. BASIC SKILLS NECESSARY straight stitch, zig zag