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Volume 87 Issue 2, March-April 1995
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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown as a dual-purpose crop is a unique and economically important resource, especially in the southern Great Plains. Since the last major review of grazing effects on grain yield, in 1956, wheat cultivars have been developed that may affect the productivity of the grazing-grain enterprise. Thus, we decided to review current research on grazing winter wheat and the effects on grain yield in light of earlier information. During a year of favorable precipitation and adequate to excess soil fertility, tall winter wheat cuitivars grazed prior to jointing experienced increased grain yield relative to nongrazed wheat, because of reduced lodging. Current research suggests that the grain yield of semidwarf wheat cultivars is more sensitive to forage removal than for tall cuitivars. Grazing termination dates necessary to prevent grain yield reduction of semidwarf cultivars also appear to be much earlier than for taller wheat cultivars. The reason for the difference in grazing tolerance is not clear; however, research suggests that semidwarf cultivars require maximum leaf area at anthesis for maximum grain yield. Tall wheat cultivars are not affected in the same manner, and decreased leaf area due to later grazing does not reduce grain yield of taller wheat cultivars to the same extent as for the semidwarf cultivars. Thus, taller wheat cultivars have the potential for extending the grazing period for livestock producers while producing grain yield similar to that of semidwarf wheat cultivars (which generally produce more grain in a nongrazed situation).
Research supported under Project S-2083. Material based on work supported by the USDA Coop. State Res. Serv. (CSRS) under Agreement no. 89-34198-4288.
Crop performance trials are conducted to provide unbiased relative performance data for breeders, growers, and extension personnel. This report presents a method for establishing a criterion level of precision for rejection of questionable data. For a given crop, historical data (a minimum of 30 data points) are used to calculate average error variance and to determine any relationship between productivity level and error variance by regressing log(variance) on log(mean) for the variable of primary interest, usually yield. A nonsignificant relationship dictates using the pooled error variance over all trials as the reference or expected variance; a significant relationship dictates using the fitted variance predicted from the regression at the observed mean yield of each trial. An upper bound on error variance (a multiple k of the expected error variance) is calculated. Any trial with an observed error variance above the upper bound would be discarded as having unusually low precision. Historical data from five crop species tested in North Carolina were examined as working examples. Of eight data sets, four showed no relationship between variance and productivity level on a log-log scale. Compared with corn and soybean, more small-grain (barley, oat, and wheat) trials were above the criterion level when k = 2. Thus, k-values may need to be adjusted among crop species. Most trials with unacceptably low precision showed a record of some sort of problem, although it could not be confirmed that the noted problem caused the high variability. Researchers using the proposed procedure are cautioned to examine their data closely to ensure an appropriate fc-value and to note test sites of low precision or methods causing low precision.
Fractal analysis has been used to characterize both temporal and spatial variability in plant and soil parameters. A. plant parameter of prime concern is crop yield. Consequently, the temporal variability of 10 crops commonly grown in the USA was described using fractal analysis. Average yields of nine grain crops along with fiber yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from 1930 to 1990 in the USA were used for semivariogram and fractal analyses. Semivariance was calculated for each crop for different year intervals (h). The slope of the regression line of log semivariance vs. log h for each crop was used to calculate fractal dimension [D = (4 — slope)/2], which is an indication of the pattern of yield variability. A small D-value(near 1) indicates the dominance of long-term variation, while a large D-value (near 2) indicates dominance of short-term variation and nondominance or lack of long-term variation or trend. From 1930 to 1990, yield of all crops increased, ranging from about twofold in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], oat (Avena sativa L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to about sixfold in maize (Zea mays L.). Crop improvement through plant breeding and the use of fertilizers and pesticides are presumably the main reasons for increased yield. Large yield differences were observed after 1960 for most of the crops studied, suggesting that risk resulting from year-to-year yield differences increased with improved yields. Fractal dimensions ranged from 1.20 to 1.47 for the crops studied, identifying long-term trend as well as short-term variation in yield of these crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) had the smallest D-value, indicating that this crop had the least short-term variation, while oat and soybean had the largest D, indicating greatest short-term variation. Temporal variability in average crop yield in the USA was much smaller than typical spatial variability values reported by others for soil parameters. It appears that fractal analysis is useful in quantifying temporal variability in yield of various crops and can be applied to agronomic research to characterize temporal variations.
Joint contribution of the Univ. of Nebr. Agric. Res. Div. and the USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, as Paper no. 10272.
This research had a dual purpose: (i) statistical estimation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield response as a function of plant available water and applied N fertilizer from an 8-yr experiment in north-central Montana and (ii) illustration of the modeling methods that are appropriate in this type of research. Summer-fallowed and re-cropped treatments were pooled to obtain an indirect estimate of the extra amount of N made available by summer fallow, as well as to improve the implicit experimental design by providing the necessary variation in plant available water, particularly soil water at seeding. The statistical model was nonlinear regression with an error components disturbance term entering multiplicatively. A new flexible functional form is presented for crop response; it is a polynomial generalization of the Mitscherlich single-factor equation. A major task was to validate the regression model by considering various types of specification errors, such as accounting for all concomitant factors associated with pooling the experiments over time. Mineralized N during summer fallow was found to be a negatively sloped linear function of precipitation during the fallow period; the average amount was 24.5 kg ha−1. Nitrogen and water have strong interactions in shaping the yield response surface, and at high levels of both factors, more of either depresses yield. The depressing effect of N on yield at very low levels of water was clearly discerned.
Giannini Foundation Res. Paper no. 1100.
Crop residues left in the field after harvest can be important in controlling soil erosion. Current methods for quantifying percent crop residue cover are tedious and somewhat subjective. There is a need for new methods to quantify residue cover that are rapid, accurate, and objective. We evaluated reflectance and fluorescence techniques for discriminating crop residues from a wide range of soils. Reflectance and fluorescence spectra of 37 agricultural soils (wet and dry) and of recently harvested and weathered corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchl, and wheat (Triticum aestivutn L.) residues were measured in the lab. Reflectance factors in the visible or near-infrared wavelengths did not uniquely distinguish all soils from all crop residues. Crop residues may be brighter or darker than a given soil, depending on soil moisture and residue age. When illuminated with ultraviolet radiation, however, the crop residues fluoresced more than most of the soils. Fluorescence of crop residues was a broad-band phenomenon centered between 420 to 520 nm and induced by a relatively broad range of excitation wavelengths centered betweert 350 to 400 nm. More than 90% of the crop residues <2 yr old could be discriminated from 33 of 37 dry soils and 36 of 37 wet soils using fluorescence. The threshold for discrimination can be optimized for classification accuracy for each soil. Fluorescence techniques are less ambiguous than reflectance methods and are better suited for discriminating crop residues on soils. Furthermore, if properly implemented, fluorescence techniques can be used to quantify crop residue cover in the field.
There is a scarcity of information regarding the optimum water requirement for banana (Musa acuminata Colla, AAA group) grown under semiarid conditions with drip irrigation in the tropics. A 3-yr study was conducted on a fine-loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic Cumulic Haplustoll to determine water requirement, yield, and fruit-quality traits of the plant crop (PC) and two ratoon crops (RI and R2) of 'Grande Naine' banana subjected to five levels of irrigation. The irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan factors that ranged from 0.25 to 1.25 in increments of 0.25. Drip irrigation was supplied three times a week on alternate days. Results showed significant (P ≤ 0.01) irrigation treatment and crop effects for all yield components, fruit length and diameter, days to flower, and days from flowering to harvest. Highest marketable yield (86.3 Mg ha−1) was obtained from the R2 crop with water application according to a pan factor of 1.25. Plant crop and RI plants irrigated using the same pan factor yielded 45.3 and 70.3 Mg ha−1, respectively. Increasing the pan factor from 0.25 to 1.25 resulted in weight gains of the third-upper hand of 70% in PC, 90% in R1, and 122% in R2. Irrigation according to increasing pan factors resulted in significant increases on the number of hands per bunch and the length and diameter of fruits in the third-upper and last hands in the bunch. It was concluded from this investigation that, to attain high yields, banana grown under semiarid conditions should be irrigated with a pan factor of not less than 1.0.
The potential for offsite movement of nutrients and pesticides in surface runoff from golf courses has generated a need to better understand the movement of water from intensely maintained turfgrass. This study assessed the influence that creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stotonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.; syn. Agrostis palustris Huds.] and perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.) had on the surface movement of water when maintained similarly to golf fairways. On eight dates, 123.5-m2 sloped plots of bentgrass and ryegrass were irrigated at 152 mm h−1 to force runoff for the generation of hydragraphs. As the grasses matured, runoff from ryegrass occurred earlier and at greater volumes than from bentgrass. Four additional experiments were conducted to provide some explanation of these runoff differences. In one experiment, average infiltration rates for the bentgrass (64 mm h−1) and ryegrass (35 mm h−1) plots were not significantly different, because of high sampling variation. In an experiment that used 0.25-m2 sloped trays of turf, bentgrass retarded the flow of surface runoff through its vegetation significantly longer than ryegrass. It was also found that bentgrass (1410 tillers dm−2) intercepted 113% more water than ryegrass (260 tillers dm−2), and that bentgrass thatch slowed runoff initiation because of its high water-holding capacity and increased hydraulic resistance. The high-density, thatch-forming bentgrass provided a more tortuous pathway for water movement, which increased resistance and in turn increased residence time and allowed for greater infiltration. for golf courses that have potential runoff concerns, the selection of creeping bentgrass rather than perennial ryegrass could reduce surface runoff from golf fairways.
Funded by the U.S. Golf Assoc., Far Hills, NJ, and the Pennsylvania Turfgrass Council, Bellefonte, PA.
The bean leaf beetle (BLB) [Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster)] is a major pest of seedling soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but little is known of the effects of seedling leaf expansion on final leaf tissue loss resulting from BLB injury. This field study was conducted to (i) determine a precise daily consumption rate of BLB on seedling soybean; (ii) determine the direct and indirect reduction of leaf area resulting from BLB injury and soybean leaf expansion; and (iii) develop economicin jury levels for BLB on seedling soybean. The study was conducted on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam in an 'Elgin 87' soybean field near Mead, NE. Experimental designs were completely random. Consumption rate treatments consisted of 2 beetles leaflet−1, in the field and laboratory. Leaf expansion treatments consisted of an uninjured check and three levels of injury. Injury (gross removal of leaf tissue) was imposed at Vegetative Stage V3 on a lateral leaflet of the fourth trifoliate leaf. Mean BLB consumption of soybean was 0.31 cm2 d−1. An injury expansion coefficient matrixw as developedt o estimate final leaf tissue loss at late V3. Final estimated tissue loss resulting from one BLB feeding for 1 d on an unexpanded leaf was 2.74 cm2. Final estimated tissue loss caused by one BLB feeding from Stage V1 through V3 (14 d) was 13.93 cm2. Seedling soybean yield-loss relationships were used to calculate economic injury levels (EILs) for VC, V1, and V2 soybean. These EILs were more than twice the value of the current EIL of 1.33 beetles plants−1.
Journal Paper no. 10592 of the Nebraska Agric. Res. Div., and Contribution no. 849 of the Dep. of Entomology, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln. Research supported by Univ. of Nebraska Agric. Exp. Stn. Projects NEB-17-0055, NEB-17-053, and NEB-17-052.
The western corn rootworm( WCR) (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le-Conte) has become a serious pest of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) in the northeastern USA. Several recommended crop production practices in this area, such as early planting, sidedressing N applications, and no-till, often contribute to slow early-season growth, which could affect the potential for damage from the WCR. The objective of this study was to determine if these practices affected root damage ratings or yield reductions associated with the WCR. Field experiments were conducted in 1991, 1992, and 1993 on well-drained Hagerstown silt loam soils (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs). Treatments in each study were factorial combinationos f two tillage treatments( nonea nd chisel-disk), three timings of N fertilizer application (at planting, sidedressed, or split), two planting dates (early and late May), and two insecticide treatments (none and 1.12 kg ha−1 chlorpyrifos). Each treatment was replicated four times. Lodging, root damage ratings, root dry matter estimates, and grain and silage yields were measured for each treatment. Root damage ratings were not affected by the planting date, N timing, or the tillage system. Insecticide had a large and consistent effect on reducing root damage from the WCR. Root size estimates indicates that late planting reduced root size but did not affect root damage. These results indicate that reduced tillage, N sidedressing, and early planting can be included in an integrated pest management program with no risk of increasing the potential for root damage from the western corn rootworm.
Excessive application of N-containing fertilizers may result in high concentrations of soil nitrate. Soil nitrate levels can be reduced with cropping systems that best utilize N. Split-plot design experiments were conducted in Connecticut from 1987 through 1990 on a Paxton fine sandy loam soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrochrept) to determine the effectiveness of various cropping systems in utilizing N. Orchardgrass (Dactytis glomerata L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a doublecrop system of oat (Avena sativa L.) followed by the forage brassica tyfon [Brassica rapa L. × B. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.], and maize (Zea mays L.) followed by a cover crop of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) received preplant N at 0, 112, 224, 336, and 448 kg ha−1. Cropping systems were tested three times for two consecutive growing seasons, with N applied only in the first season. Dry matter yield (DMY), N uptake (NUP), apparent N recovery (NREC), and N use efficiency (NUE) were determined. Maize-rye produced the greatest DMY (18.3 to 22.8 Mg ha−1), followed by oat-tyfon (9.8 to 16.5 Mg ha−1). Highest NUP (121 to 329 kg N ha−1) and NREC (46.5 to 81.7%) were obtained by oat-tyfon. The greatest NUE was produced by maize-rye and oat-tyfon at 112 kg N ha−1. The oat-tyfon double crop provides the most effective means for preventing N loss among the systems evaluated for N rates > 112 kg ha−1.
Scientific Contribution no. 1528 of the Storrs Agric. Exp. Stn., Storrs, CT.
High rates of N fertilizers and limited crop uptake of N during the growing season can result in excessive accumulation of soil nitrate (NO−3). Soil NO−3 can be decreased with efficient cropping systems. Experiments were conducted in Connecticut from 1987 through 1990 on a Paxton fine sandy loam soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, mcsic Typic Dystrochrept) to determine the effects of N rate and cropping system on soil NO−3. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a double-crop system of oat (Avena saliva L.) followed by tyfon [Brassica rapa L. × B. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.], maize (Zea mays L.) followed by a cover crop of winter rye (Secale cereale L.), and a fallow system received preplant N at 0, 112, 224, 336, and 448 kg ha−1. Each system was evaluated for two consecutive growing seasons and repeated three times. Nitrogen was applied only in the first growing season. Soil NO−3 at the first autumn sampling generally increased for all systems as N rate increased. Mean spring soil NO−3 levels were only 23% of previous autumn NO−3 levels. By the second autumn sampling, soil NO−3 values were near background levels except in the fertilized fallow system. At the two highest N rates, oat-tyfon produced the smallest overwinter change in soil NO−3 storage. An oat-tyfon double crop, orchardgrass, or red clover system should decrease soil NOJ more effectively than maize or a noncropped fallow when soil NO−3 accumulations are greater than those produced from N inputs equivalent to 224 kg ha−1.
Scientific Contribution no. 1529 of the Storrs Agric. Exp. Stn., Storrs, CT.
Maize (Zea mays L.) in Central America is commonly grown under continuous cultivation and on marginal lands where restricted use of conservation practices and fertilizers limit productivity. Maize grain yield response to P source, rate, and method of application was evaluated at 33 locations in Central America. Soil orders included Andisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols. Treatments included rock phosphate (RP) applied broadcast preplant without incorporation at rates of 13 and 26 kg P ha−1, triple superphosphate (TSP) band-applied at planting at rates of 13 and 26 kg P ha−1, TSP broadcast preplant at 26 kg P ha−1, and a check where no P was applied. All treatments received 100 kg of N ha−1 as urea applied in split applications and 30 kg S ha−1 as CaSO4.2H2O. Averaged over locations, maize grain yield increased 0.38 and 0.74 Mg ha−1 when 13 and 26 kg P ha−1 was band-applied as TSP and increased 0.21 and 0.16 Mg ha−1 when RP was broadcast at the same rates. All P treatments had a probability (PR) >0.61 of outperforming the unfertilized check. Triple superphosphate band-applied at 26 kg P ha−1 offered the greatest probability (0.69) of an economicr esponse to P fertilizer across environments. Stability analyses and analyses of yield differences suggest that response to applied P was independent of environment for the sites evaluated. The consistent response to applied P across a wide range of environments demonstrates that P is a limiting element for maize production on marginal lands in Central America and that the probability for economic response to applied P is high.
Contribution from the Int, Maize and Wheat Improvement Ctr. (CIMMYT).
Improved N management programs for fertilizers and manures are needed in the Atlantic Coastal Plain because of concerns about agriculture's role in groundwater contamination with nitrate-N. We conducted a 3-yr study (1990–1992) at 56 locations in Delaware to evaluate the use of soil and plant N tests as components of a manure-based N management program for maize. In Phase 1 (15 sites), a factorial design was used; main plots were either poultry manure (PM, at 4.5 Mg ha−1) applied at planting or starter fertilizer (SF, at 30 kg N ha−1) and split plots were six rates of sidedress N. Phase 2 was conducted on 41 farms and evaluated the response of maize to sidedress N (0 to 268 kg N ha−1). The pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) and two quicktests (the Nitrachek and Cardy meters) were used to identify N-sufficient sites in both phases. In Phase 1, we also evaluated the effect of time and depth of PSNT sampling and two plant N tests: the leaf chlorophyll meter (LCM; 1992 only) and the late-season stalk nitrate test. Maize response to sidedress N was rare at manured sites, and the ratio of total N added as manure and/or fertilizer to maize yield was consistently lower than the commonly used value of 17.8 kg N Mg−1 maize (1.0 pound N bushel−1 maize). Average ratios for manured and nonmanured sites in Phase 1 were 13.0 and 13.2 kg N Mg−1 maize. The PSNT effectively identified N-sufficient or N-deficient sites ≈70% of the time. Delaying sampling, deeper sampling, or using NH4-N + NO3-N instead of NO3-N alone did not significantly improve predictive accuracy of the PSNT. The stalk nitrate test was found to be effective at identifying sites that were nonresponsive to sidedress N; our critical range was 0.7 to 2.0 g NO3-N kg−1. The LCM results were encouraging and suggest that further research should be conducted on its use as an alternative to the PSNT. The Nitrachek meter was better correlated with laboratory measurements of soil NO3-N (r2 = 0.87***) than the Cardy meter (r2 = 0.60***) and should be an effective means to identify N-sufficient sites under field conditions.
Petiole NO3-N concentration (PNN) has been recommendaeds indicator of midseason N deficiency in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsatum L.). Its use in Pima cotton (G. barbadense L.) managemeenstp, ecially when early maturity is the goal, is not well documented. A 3-yr study evaluated PNN as an indicator of N status in Pima cotton in order to identify a critical minimum PNN level for yield and early maturity. Treatments were five preplant applied N rates of 0 to 180 kg ha−1 in 1990 and 0 to 269 kg ha−1 in 1991 and 1992. The PNN was measured throughout boll development, starting ≈ 2 wk before or at first flower. Applied N significantly(P ≤ 0.05) affected PNN in 1991 and 1992, when residual soil N was low, but not in 1990, when residual N was high; differences among treatments in 1991 and 1992 were largest during early flowering. PNN was a good indicator of plant.N status within but not across seasons. Based on early-flowering samples, the critical PNN level for lint yield was 3.84 g kg−1 in 1991 and only 1.75 g kg−1 in 1992; in 1990, residual soil N alone resulted in PNN much higher than the critical levels in the othery ears. PNN < 2 g kg−1 in 1991 and < 1 g kg−1 in 1992 resulted in earlier maturity, but also resulted in less lint yield. Pima cotton PNN did not exceed an average of 11 g kg−1, in contrast to 24 to 30 g kg−1 reported for upland cotton. Plant growth or petiole anatomical variables that cause year-to-year variation in PNN should be identified and the necessary normalization made before PNN can be used as a midseason diagnostic tool in Pima cotton.
Contribution of the Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Article no. 3122.
A versatile method for predicting maize (Zea mays L.) seeds per plant would be valuable for simulating maize yield with different population densities. The objective of this work was to characterize the form of the response of seeds per plant to intercepted photosynthetically active radiation per plant in the 10 d following silking and to test the generality of the response function across several hybrids at different locations. Data from the literature and results with 2 yr of field experiments at Temple, TX, on Houston Black clay (fine montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Haplnsterts) and 1 yr in central Pennsylvania on Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) were used to evaluate this seed number response. The data support a linear response function, with values being on a plateau when the potential number of seeds of a hybrid has been reached. A single regression equation was adequate for 10 hybrids at Temple and/or in central Pennsylvania. Several other hybrids at these or other locations showed significantly different responses. Prediction functions for other hybrids can be derived with similar linear models, with a plateau defined by the potential seeds per plant produced at low planting densities.
The USDA initiated the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) to develop improved technology for predicting wind erosion. A HYDROLOGY submodei has been developed for WEPS to simulate the soil energy and water balances. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the ttYD~tOLOC3Y submodel in predicting surface soil drying. Water content was measured gravimetrically in a bare 5- by 30-m plot for 14 d after irrigation during July and August 1991. The plot was located 5 m directly north of a bare weighing iysimeter at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Busldand, TX. Hourly samples were taken from depth increments of 0 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 10, 10 to 30, and 30 to 50 mmo Furthermore, soil cores were taken to 900 mm at 6-h intervals. Water content was also measured daily at the lysimeter and between the iysimeter and gravimetric sampling plot using a neutron probe to 2.1 m. The submodel accurately predicted that no deep percolation occurred throughout the simulation period. Simulation results agreed well with the measured daily evaporation rates from the lysimeter (r 2 = 0.96). Furthermore, the submodel reasonably estimated the soil water content profiles, particularly the status of soil water at the soil-atmosphere interface. The mean absolute error, which describes the average absolute deviation between measured and simulated soil water contents, was 0.015 m3 m−3. The HYDROLOGY submodel of WEPS shows a potential to accurately simulate soil water dynamics, as needed for wind erosion modeling. The submodel successfully predicts the changes in water content at the soil surface, which relate to the susceptibility of the soil to wind erosion.
Contribution from the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn. Contribution no. 93-157-J.
Regrovrth in pastures is critical to economic production in short-season areas. This study compared regrowth characteristics among three Bromus genotypes and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) during late summer and fall. Growth analyses were conducted and yield components were determined in 'Carlton' smooth bromegrass (B. inermis Leyss.), 'Regar' meadow bromegrass (B. riparius Rhem.), an experimental strain (S9044) derived from F2 plants of a smooth ✕ meadow bromegrass cross, and common meadow foxtail. Seven weeks of plant regrowth after severe defoliation were characterized during 1985 and 1986 at Lacombe, AB, Canada (52° 28' N lat). The variation among the three grass species and the interspecific hybrid that was most critical to regrowth yield occurred during the first 21 to 28 d after defoliation. Smooth bromegrass consistently yielded less dry matter (DM) and had lower crop growth rates (CGR) than the other genotypes. Smooth bromegrass seemed limited most by a slowly developing leaf area index (LAI) as a result of a low and slowly developing tiller density. S9044 was improved over smooth bromegrass for regrowth yield and traits related to rapid regrowth. S9044 approached equilibrium tiller density quickly and had a large leaf area per tiller, which resulted in a higher leaf area expansion rate than in smooth bromegrass. Meadow bromegrass had CGR and DM yield similar to S9044, but the average LAI for meadow bromegrass was only 71% of that for S9044. Meadow bromegrass compensated for a small LAI with a specific leaf weight that was 1.4-fold higher than S9044. When soil water was adequate, meadow foxtail produced regrowth equal to S9044 and meadow bromegrass through rapid development of leaf area of moderate specific leaf weight and a relatively large tiller size, given a high tiller density. As exhibited by meadow bromegrass, high specific leaf weight combined with rapid tiller development are traits associated with regrowth yield that may be worth exploiting in developing germplasm for short-season areas where small LAI may be the norm.
Submitted as Scientific Paper no. 768, Agric. Canada, Res. Branch, Lacombe Res. Stn., Bag Service 5000, Lacombe, AB TOC ISO, Canada.
Germination tests were conducted to investigate possible causes for a reestablishment failure of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). 'Mount Barker' subterranean clover seeds were germinated on blotters and on the soil surface or at 1 cm depth in nonfumigated and fumigated soil at four constant temperatures for 14 d, followed by constant 15°C for 8 d. Fumigation had no effect on germination. Germination on blotters was reduced to 11.1% at 25 and 30°C, compared with 94.5% at 15°C. Emergence of seedlings was reduced to 37.9% at 30°C, compared with 92.5% at 15°C. Emergence of seedlings at 30°C from soil was greater after 14 d than germination on blotters. In a second experiment, seeds buried 1 cm were germinated at soil water levels ranging from 0.0 to 0.816 kg kg−1. Temperatures were 15 or 30°C for 7 d, then 15°C for 7 d more. Seeds failed to germinate at either temperature in dry or saturated soil. Emergence after 7 d was reduced at 30°C compared with 15°C at soil moisture levels from 0.204 to 0.544 kg kg−1. After 7 more d at 15°C, emergence was similar between temperatures at soil moisture levels from 0.0 to 0.544 kg kg−1. Under saturated soil conditions, 28.5 and 80.8% of the seed rotted at 15 and 30°C, respectively. Our results suggest that subterranean clover seeds can survive in pasture soil for 14 d in an embryo dormant condition during the summer, unless the soil is saturated, in which case soft seeds tend to decay.
Contribution of the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Miss. Agric. and Forest. Exp. Stn. Journal Article no. J-8126.
Growth and decay of individual roots (i.e., root turnover) is difficult to quantify because the processes occur simultaneously in a root system. Minirhizotrons are promising tools for assessing root turnover in natural and managed ecosystems. We investigated methodological problems and improvements in using minirhizotrons to estimate root turnover. Root images were collected in field plots of alfalfa (Medicago satira L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus carniculatus L.) through minirhizotrons installed horizontally before planting at six depths, from 7 to 70 cm, parallel to and directly below the crop rows. Forty video images (13 by 17 mm) were recorded at weekly intervals at 90° from vertical along both sides of the tubes. Images were edited into time-lapse sequences and cumulative numbers of roots that appeared and disappeared at each location were determined manually over an entire growing season. This required ≈ 29 h of labor for each replicate of each depth (a total of 80 images in one tube), with the biggest share spent on editing. Accuracy and precision of results were not decreased by using only every second image along both sides of the tube (40 images), but declined when either only one side of the tube or only 20 consecutive images on both sides were used. Reducing the recording frequency further reduced labor requirements: depending on date of root appearance and observation depth, recording intervals could be lengthened to 2 wk for the 12-cm depth and longer for greater depths without losing either accuracy or precision. Analyzing every second image and increasing the time interval between recordings resulted in projected labor savings of ≥70%, while maintaining data integrity.
Joint contribution of the USDAARS U.S. Dairy Forage Res. Ctr. (Minnesota Cluster) and the Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Paper no. 20,696 of the scientific journal series.
Seeds per unit area is an important yield component in soybean [Giycine max (L.) Merrill]; however, the mechanisms regulating seed number are not well understood. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between photosynthesis during flowering and podset and seeds per square meter. Shade cloth (30 and 63% reduction in insolation) was used to reduce photosynthesis from emergence to Growth Stage R1 in the field ['Pennyrile' (indeterminate) and 'Ripley' (determinate)] or for varying periods during flowering and podset in the greenhouse ('McCall') and field (Pennyrile). Shade during vegetative growth reduced mass per square meter (21-52%) at Growth Stage R1, but had no effect on crop growth rate (CGR) during flowering and podset (R1 to R5) or seeds per square meter if light interception after R1 was not reduced. Shade during flowering and podset reduced seeds per square meter in relation to the length of the shade treatment. In the field, shade from RI to R4 and R4 to R6 had similar effects on seeds per square meter; these were less (31%) than the unshaded control for both treatments. These results suggesthat maximum photosynthesis throughout flowering and podset may be required to maximize seeds per square meter. There were linear relationships between average CGR during R1 to R5 and seeds per square meter across experiments and treatments in both field and greenhouse. These relationships support previous results suggesting that seeds per square meter is determined primarily by canopy photosynthesis during flowering and podset.
Published with the approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agric. Exp. Stn. as Paper no. 94-3-38.
Small-grain companion crops are commonly used for establishing forage legumes in the north-central USA. Semidwarf-stature barley (Hordeum vulgate L.) and oat (Avena saliva L.) show promise as less competitive and more lodging-resistant companion crops. This study compared forage production and agronomicharacteristics of companion-cropped semidwarf and conventional-stature genotypes of barley and oat. Alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) was seeded both with and without companion crops in experiments conducted at St. Paul, MN, from 1987 through 1989 on a Waukegan silt loam soil (fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll). Both semidwarf and conventional-stature barley and oat genotypes were evaluated. Small-grain and alfalfa forage harvests were made at the boot and soft dough stages of the small grain. Subsequent alfalfa harvests also were made later in the establishment season and at first flower in the following spring. Light penetration through the canopies of the various companion crops was monitored in all years. Weed biomass was measured in 1989, to estimate weed suppression by the companion crops. Light intensity at the level of the alfalfa within the semidwarf companion crop canopy was consistently higher than within the conventional-stature companion crops. Averaged over all small-grain genotypes, companion crop treatments produced from 202 to 2355 kg ha−1 more forage dry matter than direct-seeded alfalfa (no companion crop). Alfalfa dry matter production during establishment was suppressed by all companion crops, especially those with conventional stature. Weeds were greatly suppressed by all companion crops. Companion crops increased mortality of alfalfa plants during establishment, but did not lower production of the alfalfa at subsequent harvests in the establishment season or in the following spring. Overall, semidwarf and conventional barley and oat were comparable in performance as companion crops in these studies, but semidwarf genotypes should prove particularly advantageous under conditions where lodging is likely to occur.
Contribution of the Agronomy and Plant Genetics Dep., Univ. of Minnesota. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Series Paper no. 20,975.
Hollow tine core cultivation is practiced for the management of creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.; syn. A. palustris Huds.] golf course greens and fairways to increase water infiltration, increase turf root and shoot growth, and control thatch. Benomyl [methyl Mbutylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate] is commonly used on turf as a soil drench for the control of disease such as dollar spot (caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett). Our objective was to determine the effect of core cultivation on the movement of a systemic pesticide in thatch and soil and the uptake by turfgrass using benomyl as a model. Core cultivation was conducted 1, 7, and 14 d before benomyl application in a field trial during 1992 and 1993 to study the effect of coring and time of coring on the movement and uptake of benomyl and control of dollar spot disease. Fungicide levels in turfgrass clippings, thatch and soil were determined by bioassay. Core cultivation 1 d before benomyl treatment provided the longest lasting uptake of benomyl and control of dollar spot disease compared with 7 and 14 d before benomyl treatment. Clipping, thatch, and soil samples from areas close to the coring holes had significantly higher (P = 0.05) levels of fungicide residues than those farther from the coring holes. This study suggests that core cultivation shortly before benomyl application can increase movement of benomyl into thatch and soil, thereby increasing uptake of benomyl by turfgrass and improving disease control.
There is a worldwide interest among plant breeders, geneticists, and production agronomists in genotype × environment (GE) interaction. A stability analysis is often conducted to estimate and interpret GE interaction. From a practical standpoint, stability statistics and genotype performance (yield) need to be integrated. A DOS-version computer program (STABLE) was developed that calculates Shukla's stability-variance statistic (σ2i) and Kang's yield-stability statistic (YSi) that combines yield and stability of performance into a single selection criterion. STABLE operates on IBM-PCs or compatible microcomputers with a BASIC, GWBASIC, or QBASIC interpreter. Input of data and other information is menu-driven. Output consists of (i) a table showing analysis of variance, (ii) a table showing genotype means, σ2i, s2i (a stability-variance statistic computed from residual GE interaction after removal of heterogeneity due to a covariate), and Wricke's ecovalence (Wi), and (iii) a table showing various statistics and information, such as σ2i, YSi, and genotypes selected on the basis of YSi. This program should be useful for selecting high-yielding, stable genotypes.
Approved for publication by the director of the Louisiana Agric. Exp. Sin. as Manuscript no, 94-09-8192.
Research plot size and proximity limit postemergence application of nonselective herbicides close to single rows, between plots, and in alleys. We had a wind-protected spray applicator built to fit a fourwheel all-terrain vehicle. This equipment has proven versatile, practical, and economical for chemical control of weeds within 10 nun of plants spaced 0.15 m apart in 0.6- to 0.9-m rows, and around research plots.
Contribution from Oregon Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Paper no. 10364.
An important agronomic factor affecting peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plant growth, pod yield, and seed grade is seed placement. A tractormounted device was designed and constructed to aid in performing field experiments to accurately evaluate seed placement on plant growth and yield. Peanut seed were spaced in three alternative diamond-shaped configurations. Although some hand labor was required, seed placement was precise because the human element of spacing seed in the soil was eliminated. The amount of labor required for precise seed placement was less tedious and labor productivity was doubled.
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So, just the next game, right? Nope. The Patriots are amped for this one
It's always a little interesting to try to read between the lines and gauge how the Patriots are preparing for a certain game. What may seem like a big game to fans, they'll treat as just another game. Or, "it's the biggest game because it's the next game."
Not this week against the Jets.
"It is a big game," tight end Alge Crumpler said. "No need to downplay it. It's a big game. Everybody understands what's at stake. it counts as one, though."
No, there was no downplaying the magnitude of this one. Why bother?
"It' definitely a big game," RB Danny Woodhead, an ex-Jets player, said. "And we're just gonna be prepare this week starting today. Make sure we're ready when the time comes."
Players didn't shy away from saying it's a pretty big deal.
"I mean, it's great to be a part of a big game," Woodhead continued, "but you still gotta approach it like every other game, because it is a big game. You have to just be ready and do the work throughout the week and we play on Monday, but we're focusing today on what Tuesday has to offer and what we can do to get better."
I asked veteran DL Gerard Warren if he's played in a game this big. He said he has. Then, he thought about it and realized he hadn't.
"But hey, 'Who's next?' " Warren said. "Another game on the line and our objective is to come out victorious."

subset: commoncrawl


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Donate to Canton School District by using your TOPS Bonus Card!
The Tops in Education program at Tops Market, donates a portion of qualified purchases to local schools. Canton Area School District is registered as a recipient school. Anytime a registered user makes a qualified purchase, a portion of that money is set aside for our school. Tops mails a check to CASD once a year.
All residents are encouraged to register on the Tops website and begin accruing money for your school. Go to www.TopsMarkets.com/education and follow the enrollment steps. Anyone previously enrolled, needs to re-enroll to start the new year.


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- Arnaud Gaudinat, Michel Joubert, Sylvain Aymard, Laurent Falco, Célia Boyer, Marius Fieschi
- MedInfo
- 2004
To realize the potential of the Internet as a source of valuable healthcare information, for the general public, patients or practitioners, it is imperative to establish a validation system based on standards of quality. The WRAPIN project (World-wide online Reliable Advice to Patients and Individuals) from the European Community has this ambitious goal.… (More)
- Michel Joubert, Jean-Charles Dufour, Sylvain Aymard, Laurent Falco, Marius Fieschi
- I. J. Medical Informatics
- 2005
OBJECTIVES To model and implement web portals providing access to certified and high-quality information in the domain of health. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) knowledge sources of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and principles of implementation resulting from the previous ARIANE project are described. The XML… (More)
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- The American journal of psychiatry
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OBJECTIVES To model and implement a medical web portal providing access to well qualified and high-quality information. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) knowledge sources of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and an Information Sources Catalog (ISC) resulting from the ARIANE project are described. The XML technology that… (More)
- Michel Joubert, Jean-Charles Dufour, Laurent Falco, Sylvain Aymard, Marius Fieschi
- MedInfo
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OBJECTIVES to define principles and methods that allow heterogeneous database in the health sector to be interoperable. MATERIAL AND METHOD to design a component-based middleware able to provide flexible and efficient means of communication between end-users and databases, and that exploits the standard nomenclatures of the health sector. RESULTS… (More)
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Nets Gains and Losses: Week Four
Maddie Meyer/NBAE/Getty Images
(December 2, 2013)
EAST RUTHERFORD—It's gotten to the point that the Nets are resorting to superstition. And who could blame them?
On Monday the Nets took another body blow when it was announced that Paul Pierce would miss 2-4 weeks with a non-displaced fracture of the third metacarpal of the right hand.
Pierce joins Deron Williams (ankle), Andrei Kirilenko (back) and Jason Terry (knee) as players that are unavailable for Tuesday night's home game against the high-scoring Denver Nuggets.
If you're a Nets ball boy you might want to be extra careful these days. It seems no one is safe.
"It's crazy," said center Brook Lopez, who just returned from a sprained left ankle that kept him out of seven games.
"I don't want to say I'm too surprised because I don't want to jinx anything, have anything more happen," added Lopez.
At this point Lopez, sitting on a chair at the Nets practice facility, his left foot and ankle in an open-toe shoe, bent over and knocked the hardwood floor.
No Nets player in his right mind would walk under a ladder or step on a crack these days.
"Injuries are a part of the game," said coach Jason Kidd. "You just hope that there are speedy recoveries. And for the guys in that locker room that can play, I believe in each one of those guys and that we can find a way to win until we do get whole."
If Pierce's injury needs the full four weeks, rather than two, the Nets will not have their full roster until 2014, assuming no one else goes down.
The injuries have retarded the growth of this team. Kidd has not had a full complement since Day One. There are combinations he'd like to see and a rotation he'd like to settle on.
"We are still learning," Pierce said last week. "Hopefully we learn before it's too late, before we are completely out of the playoff mix."
The only saving grace is that no team in the Eastern Conference has run away from the pack. At 5-12, the Nets began Monday just a game and one-half behind the Toronto Raptors (6-10) for first place in the Atlantic Division.
Until the injury list gets shorter, the Nets are going to have to keep it simple and hope that there is enough depth to withstand the storm of injuries.
"Obviously we weren't predicting anything like this, but I think our guys are definitely capable of rolling with the punches and staying positive," said Lopez. "I guess the silver lining of all these injuries is that Mas [Mason Plumlee] and some of these other guys have gotten more opportunity and have been able to be in there. I think that makes us that much of a deeper team."
The Nets always believed in their depth. It will be tested in coming weeks. Here's what we've learned about the Nets and can look forward to in the next week.
TELETOVIC TIME: With Pierce out, sharpshooter Mirza Teletovic has been working at small forward. At 6-9, Teletovic is two inches taller than Pierce. He's hit 38-percent of his 3's. Pierce, who has struggled early, was hitting just 26.8-percent of his 3's.
Pierce, of course, is a much better all around player. But with Lopez back, teams will consider collapsing their defense. Teletovic could make them pay from behind the arc, but he has be strong on the defensive end.
HOME SWEET HOME: The Nets have yet to establish any semblance of a home court advantage. They're just 2-4 in Barclays Center. But it's better than their 3-8 mark on the road.
The Nets play nine of their next 14 games at home. This might help the Nets compensate for being woefully shorthanded because of the injuries.
CHARACTER WELCOME: Tyshawn Taylor wasn't thrilled when he was assigned to the Nets D-League team. He also has started. This is not easy on any player.
The Nets understood the importance of getting team-first players when assembling this roster.
"You look at character first," said Kidd. "A lot of times when you've got guys in different situations of not playing, playing [it's hard]. You're playing well and don't play any in the first half and come back in the second half and help the team win. That just shows from Mirza to Ty or Toko (Tornike Shengelia), sitting down and coming back and understanding it's about the team."
SHAUN OF THE LIVING: With Williams out with the ankle sprain, Shaun Livingston has stepped up big time. Over the last five games the 6-7 point guard has averaged 4.2 assists and less than one turnover per game.


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|19 Mar 2013
I did some more digging and found the spec directly from Intel: Tcase - 66.8°C (I have no idea how I came up with 72.6°C). Core temp is translating that as Tj. Max 91°C so it looks like my slower CPU fan will do just fine (thank God since I like the looks of that fan) although I'm going to keep CoreTemp running anyway just to be sure (it's not like I'm going to run out of RAM anytime soon). I also set it to alert me at 85°C.
Thanks for the tips, guys!
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
I got the cables "painted" while watching TV and was going to sleeve them tomorrow...whoopsie, it is tomorrow now...but I got antsy to get it done so I did.
I forgot to take a before picture but here is what they looked like before I took my felt pen to them and then sleeved them:
And here is the after picture. I was going to remove the labels from the cable ends but decided to keep them to make sorting them out a bit easier.
This photo shows the reason for the kink in the cable farthest from the camera:
When plugged into the card, they will run side by side. Once installed, I'll tie them together with twist ties to make sure they stay side by side.
Ok, I've been making some really stupid spelling mistakes (like leaving out the H in farthest) so I'm putting my ample asset to bed. zzzzzzzzzz
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
Lady Fitzgerald, nice looking rig, but it looks like you need to update your "System Specs" from laptop to
"Mean Machine!"
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
Windows 7 Enterprise X64/Windows 10 Enterprise X64/Windows 10 Pro X64/Linux Mint
Excellent work, Lady Fitzgerald. You certainly have more patience than I do. Very good work.
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
1st new build has been up and running for a while now. It's not an elaborate setup, but it's got some muscle under the hood and it's good quality. Best computer I've ever had. I'm real happy with it.
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
Windows 7 Enterprise X64/Windows 10 Enterprise X64/Windows 10 Pro X64/Linux Mint
Nice rig, Dallas7. I had to go to your profile to see them, but an excellent job of building and wiring. Nice clean job.
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
Thanks essenbe, I appreciate that. I'm in love with it! LOL
Took me a while to figure out how to get that picture to post.
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
Windows 7 Enterprise X64/Windows 10 Enterprise X64/Windows 10 Pro X64/Linux Mint
You have every right to be in love with it. I would be too. Excellent job. See if this helps. You get a better picture using the snipping tool. Screenshots and Files - Upload and Post in Seven Forums
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
Win7 Home Premium x64 SP1
@ Lady Fitzgerald. great job on those cables, i know i wouldn't have the patience to do it.
@ Dallas, Good job with that cabling its very tidy. You've got yourself a decent rig there mate.
edit: has anyone seen the new Cougar led fans? COUGAR DUAL-X 120/140mm LED Fan - YouTube
I'm glad i waited to replace my front intakes now as they'll match my other fans
|My System Specs
|19 Mar 2013
Windows 7 Ultimate 64
Wicked system you've built. It does have a nice clean look and I like how the blue Corsair ram just looks to be built into the Asus mobo, great job.
Lady Fitzgerald,
You just continue to take cable management to the next level and I have nothing but respect. When it's all done you'll have to place in on a lazy susan and just take pictures and stare at it. It's backside will be as nice to look at as it's front......not to get too personal !
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E-Rewards – This company has a cash based system, but you can't actually get cash with it. I still take their paid surveys from time to time because they are straightforward, quick and easy. Although they don't pay cash, they offer good rewards for the little time involved. I've already redeemed my "cash" 3 times – for 2 magazine subscriptions and a $10 gift card and I still have over $50 to spend on more rewards. A lot of the rewards are travel based like frequent flyer miles or points for hotels and car rental companies' incentive programs. This would be a great option if you travel a lot or are a member of any of these programs.
The Best Survey Company That Doesn't Pay Cash
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There's a momentary letdown after doing an interview when doubt arises. Did I ask enough questions, did I get any good information? Did my camera work? Did my tape recorder work? Am I going to forget to label the photos…
And then, I begin to edit the video and do the transcription. Transcription is a job I would love to have someone take over for me – but it serves a purpose. I will remember things when it comes time to organization the book. Yes, it is getting closer and closer to the date we need to start putting pen to paper. But I am so excited. The information we have collected is priceless. WE are still collecting photographs and the ones we have so far are amazing … tiny tidbits of the past. Delightful.
You cannot believe how people lived before electricity. It is amazing how clever and creative these pioneer families were – I just want to share with you all the great things I have learned…
But wait, then you would have no reason in the world to buy the book. The target date of course is the 125th celebration in Ashley, ND.
Two things – don't forget about us. We need everyone to buy a book or two or ten. And, if you have photos or other information you can still send it to me by email at email@example.com. But hurry, time is running out. I cannot type fast enough to keep up with my brain as I file and joyfully document the life and times of the Germans from Russia who settled in North Dakota's three counties of Emmons, McIntosh and Logan. If I had known this information would become so precious to me now, I would have paid better attention to my grandparents.
I miss my grandparents. I can see them and I did spend a lot of time with them, maybe not quality time, but memory time at any rate – good memories.
I'm so excited to be sharing those with you in the near future. Send me your support in prayers if you can't share any recipes, photos or hard cold cash. Together we can put the knowledge of our elders in a form that hopefully will be appealing to a new generation of homesteaders.
I'm wondering if one could collect cow chips and bake bread in a clay oven on Mars?
Look for LaVerna Dockter Kaseman's interview to hit YouTube next week sometime followed by Bernice Nagel and Benjamin and Delphine Vetter.
During the Vetter interview, I saw my son's wife's brother's birthday on a calendar. "WHAT?" That's right. My son married a good German from Russia family. If I didn't know that before I met the Vetter's – I know it now for sure.
I'm seriously hogging all the great recipes and photos I have been receiving in the mail and via email for a reason. That's right. Are you curious? OF course you are – keeping reading and sending comments and I love the corrections in the spellings of people's names and German words. I want everything to be as perfect as possible.
Until next time – Gute Essen.


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Ex-NYC Top Cop Bratton Joins Oak View Group Arena Security FirmBy
Bratton will be Prevent Advisors chairman and part owner
Oak View Group was co-founded by Tim Leiweke and Irving Azoff
Former New York City Police Commissioner Bill Bratton will chair a new arena and stadium security company started by Oak View Group, which oversees an alliance of facilities that serve more than 65 million customers a year.
Bratton will also have an undisclosed equity stake in the company, which is called Prevent Advisors. Special Forces military officers Chris Robinette and Ben Tolle founded the firm in conjunction with OVG. Robinette will be the company's chief executive officer, and Tolle its Chief Operating Officer.
Oak View co-founder Tim Leiweke, who previously helped transform Anschutz Entertainment Group into one of the biggest stadium owners and concert promoters, said he and Bratton have been talking for the past two years about the growing need for security at live events.
"What we're trying to do is help our partners and the industry address the future," Leiweke said. "This became my first priority. This one was important because it's the world we live in. How do we make people feel safe?"
A year ago, terrorists killed more than 100 people in attacks across Paris, including at a nightclub and a soccer stadium where a game was being played. Robinette said securing venues requires collaboration between the private sector, public agencies and the leagues.
OVG last month announced its arena alliance, a group of more than 20 venues that aims to bolster revenue through increased collaboration. Among the facilities included are New York's Madison Square Garden, Chicago's United Center, San Francisco's proposed Chase Center, Toronto's Air Canada Centre, San Antonio's AT&T Center, Sacramento's Golden 1 Center, Newark, New Jersey's Prudential Center and Atlanta's Philips Arena.
As Prevent looks for clients outside the arena collective, Leiweke said the firm will look to colleges and universities. Schools may not be prepared to provide extensive security in stadiums that regularly host 75,000 people or more on game days, and Prevent will be able to help.
After leaving the NYPD in September, Bratton, 69, joined Teneo Holdings as head of the global advisory firm's new risk-management division advising on matters such as terrorism and cybercrime. He will continue to hold the post.


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How tall is Finn Wittrock?
Finn Wittrock's height is 5ft 9in (175 cm).
How much does Finn Wittrock weigh?
What is Finn Wittrock's zodiac sign?
Finn Wittrock's zodiac sign is Scorpio.
When was Finn Wittrock born?
Finn Wittrock's birthday is on October 28, 1984.
Where was Finn Wittrock born?
Finn Wittrock was born in Lenox, Massachusetts, USA.
American actor, Finn Wittrock's real name is Peter Wittrock.
Last updated on November 18th, 2015 by HowTallis.Org


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Destro Photography & DIY
Recreational vehicles are an attractive travel option and even provide a full-time home for some. Space is limited whenView full post »
I can't believe we are just a few days away from Independence Day!
By popular demand I have updated my DIY yarnView full post »
The weather outdoors may still be a bit chilly, but there's no reason not to start decorating for theView full post »
This year's St. Patrick's Day decor is all about the green and gold — with a pinch of LUCK!
I usedView full post »
Happy March! Remember that cute Valentine wreath I made last month? Well, it has since been updated for St.View full post »
The month of February is a great time to use fun pops of color – perhaps red and pink come to mind!View full post »
Hello, and Welcome February!
Here is a glimpse of my holiday bedroom all decked out for Valentine's Day! IView full post »
DIY fall decor projects are such an easy way to decorate without spending a lot of money. Making your own holiday andView full post »
Wishing everyone a safe and fun Independence Day!
It was so much fun decorating for July 4th this week. Here is aView full post »
The Easter decorations are officially put away and it feels so refreshing to be back to simple and neutral decor. WeView full post »
I had the opportunity to host a DIY craft challenge on Instagram recently. I love that it gave me an opportunity toView full post »
Daffodils – one of my favorite flowers! I always try to fill the home with such beauties this time of year. IView full post »
Easter blessings to you and your family. This year's bunny inspired mantel features my DIY banner as well asView full post »
My St. Patrick's mantel is ready in time to celebrate the week! This month I had fun making DIY decor, as wellView full post »
Another holiday is here! Happy Valentine's Day! I hope everyone enjoys their day of LOVE with family and friends,View full post »
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Lola Cars will build a sports racer to bring the MG name back to the La Sarthe next year.
The MG name will return to Le Mans in 2001 with a car designed, built and developed by Lola Cars. Rover Group Ltd, which owns MG, and Lola Cars are both part of the Phoenix consortium. As part of a major image re-building exercise for the British manufacturer, Lola is also set to build Rover 45s for the British Touring Car Championship.
Commenting on the MG Lola project, Martin Birrane, the executive chairman of Lola Cars said: "This is an historic day in the history of Lola Cars International Ltd. It's been my aim since taking over the company in 1997 to be involved with a major manufacturer, and to be in partnership with a marque such as MG is an honour.
"Everyone at Lola is very proud to be associated with such a great British name. Hopefully, we can add to the legendary history of the MG name by giving it success at LeMans."
MG's Le Mans record includes five class wins, with the final one coming in 1963.
Today's (Friday's) announcement does not specify whether the MG Lola will be entered in the LMP900 class or the lighter, but less powerful LMP675 class, but speculation points to the latter. Lola ran cars in both classes at Le Mans this year, taking an LMP675 class win with its B2K/40 SR2 machine.


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Watches Online
Your One Stop Shop for Men's Wristwatches
Wristswatch.com has a huge assortment of men's watches for casual and dressy occasions.
Whether you are searching for dressy watches for men, casual watches, or sporty watches, you can find a huge selection at Wristswatch.com.
Watches have always been worn as a fashionable accessory, but more importantly as a way of keeping the track of time. They range from various types of watches such as pocket, titanium, chronographs, and dive watches. They have many styles, shapes, sizes, colors and brands as well. There are a lot of different kind of watches on the market today such as smart watches that you can use for almost everything or pocket watches if you want a more classic or vintage look.
Whatever the occasion, there exists plenty of watches available for you to choose from and find the perfect watch just for you. Don't forget your gift giving needs too!
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Congratulations to all striving for a healthy lifestyle.
I'm a senior, seventy-years-old, and needing to lose weight.
You can gain weight eating healthy food. I'm proof of that. That's why I'm looking for support and guidance to improve my eating habits.
I have not purchased any weight loss program. All the information you need to know about portion control and healthy eating is free online. Just be educated in where you get your advice. Weight release information is a minefield of quackery, fads and confidence tricksters. I prefer a permanent, sustainable, healthy eating and portion control than dieting.
Deprivation diets that aren't suited to permanent eating plans don't work. That's not just my opinion. Research studies prove that 98% of people who lose weight on a crash diet will weigh more two years after they end the diet due to the overeating reaction to the oppression of dieting. We are humans with feelings, not machines. Former dieters can have a metabolism set so low that they need to stay on a deprivation diet just to maintain their weight. Not a good outcome.
"You don't fail on a diet, diets fail you!"
I have lost 3 kilos this week. Don't get excited. I lose, and gain five kilos at the drop of an eyelid. I could carry ten kilos of excess fluid in my oedematous lower legs cased by a medical condition. That's just a liquid fluctuation.
The good work's been done in fine tuning my eating plan. I've been eating LESS than is allowed on the CSIRO Total Wellbeing Diet, especially less of the more costly food, the protein content.
If I've been hungry, I've eaten more carbohydrates. Bread, rice or potatoes is cheaper than having another serve of meat, fish or poultry. Today, I plan to create pre-cooked lunches and freeze them ready for microwaved easy meals. I'll use 125 gram (raw weight) servings of fish or poultry, or 100 gram (raw weight) servings of beef, lamb or veal, for each of these lunches. When I pack dinners, I'll double those quantities.
I'm about to head to the vegetable garden to harvest what vegetables and herbs I can in the middle of winter, and return for a cook up. I'll include at least five vegetables into such a pre-prepared meal.
I do my vegetable growing sitting down, as I grow the plants in raised beds. I also prepare meals seated, due to disabilities. My home help comes tomorrow and helps to clean, so today is a good day to cook. I'll try not to make a mess for someone else to have the clean.
For my motivation, I put the CSIRO Total Wellbeing food portion sizes, visual guide, on my computer screen.
Today wasn't all about healthy eating. I went into the garden for painting inspiration and discovered again, that even in mid winter, nature is beautiful. I'll paint these flowers during the coming week.
To see my current flower paintings, and the museum quality prints, giftware and apparel featuring them, check out my Online Art Gallery.
My ideas for additional motivation to portion control
I'm asking for funding, from my aged care level 2 disability package for the assisted CSIRO 12 weeks with access to a dietitian consultant, on the basis that my lung specialist ordered me to lose a lot of weight. I'd told him that I've been eating 1200 calories a day and I my weight wasn't budging, and what did he suggest? His reply was, "He didn't know." As I have a specialist instructing me to lose my excess weight, but offering me no improvement on what I already do, they may fund an expert to guide me.
They may also knock that request back.
Level 2 care package would not pay for hydrotherapy pool sessions to recover following surgery last December. They did pay for a physiotherapist to give me hydro therapy pool guidance. They would pay for nurse visits, but I don't know if they will pay for online and telephone dietician consultations. Worth asking though.
Right now, at the end of week one of following the CSIRO 12 week Total Wellbeing Diet, I don't feel I need this anyhow. It might be further down the track that I'd want it.
Watch what you drink
No, I'm not taking about not drinking your calories. The usual 'diet talk' is about not drinking calorie rich liquid. It might the calorie FREE drink that does the most harm.
Check out how aerated cola drinks can deplete your calcium stores. I know that none wants an over regulated society, but fizzy cola drinks do need an "osteoporosis in a bottle" label on them, in much the same way that the tobacco industry carries health warnings. One aerated cola drink a day, especially in combination with weight loss, will have you losing bone density too fast.
Stress Eating
Stress eating is not failure. It isn't about having no willpower. Check out this post:
If you experience a lot of stress I'd suggest researching and talking to an expert about getting more Vitamin Bs into your food choices.
The low-carbs or any refined carb diets aren't going to supply a lot of the good for the nervous system vitamin Bs. Wholegrain food is a vitamin B rich.
Supplements are a poor replacement for natural nutrition.
I hold a health science degree, which includes nutrition, plus anatomy and physiology training. However, I'm not seeking to give diet advice to others. This blog is about what I am doing for me, and if that encourages you to care for your self too, rather than attempt to copy my actions, I'll be happy. I do recommend healthy, portion controlled eating in general, but I cannot say what your needs might be.
In Australia, Certified Practicing Dieticians are the experts I recommend. The CSIRO is a scientific organisation who have achieved success in trials of healthy eating plans which are available as books and online programs. I do not recommend their ebooks, as they are poorly formatted, although the book's contents are good. Get the paperback copy if you need recipes to follow a healthy eating plan. Personally at seventy, I know how to cook healthy or I wouldn't still be here writing, painting and gardening—albeit, sitting down much of the time, and in need of shedding a fair bit of excess baggage in as healthy a way as I can. And don't be fooled by the diet industry that we should all be slim. If you love to research, check out the obesity paradox theory. You can be fat and fit.
The obesity paradox
This is a medical hypothesis which holds that obesity may, counterintuitively, be protective and associated with greater survival if you have one of many serious health issues, such as suffering a stroke or a heart attack, or having to battle cancer by going through long sessions of chemotherapy. Slim people may have a lower survival rate. Older, overweight people might actually live longer than their slim neighbour due to the protective factor of carrying additional weight.
Also, one of the best pieces of advice or those with osteoporosis is to do weight bearing exercise. Carrying x amount of excess kilos is bone density protecting, weight bearing exercise.
Your weight is your choice, and not a figure on a scale, or a dress size that you must achieve to receive approval from others. You aren't bad, nor good, because of your size.
"There is a misdirected obsession with weights and weight loss, the focus is all wrong.
Back from the garden
I got some garden exercise and harvested a colander full of vegetables. Took my jumper off to get the winter sun's Vitamin D gift.
Photo play while I get my second wind ready to create dinner—chicken breasts and home grown vegetables. A good day!
These jonquils are too pretty not to share. You are welcome to download that image.
I recommend Grant Leishman as a Proofreader
Today's harvest
The harvest from my garden today is cress, parsley, kale, carrots, leak, onions and some rhubarb.
I planted more lettuce today. I carry this light weight plastic chair around with me and sit to do the chores. I've seven, two-meter long x one-meter wide, raised to work seated, garden beds.
Time to cook those chicken breasts and homegrown vegetables, then divide into meal size portions of tonight's dinner and lunch serves to be frozen for when I need a quick lunch—delicious, nutritious, economical and fast food. Yum!
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It features the clean and cozy fiction, informative and helpful non-fiction, and inspirational art, using and teaching modern poured and painted ink techniques.
Subscribe to the monthly newsletter to receive your invitation to Internationally acclaimed author and artist, Ryn Shell's online studio
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Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S. (TKC) Shares Down 2.4%
Shares of Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S. (NYSE:TKC) were down 2.4% on Thursday . The stock traded as low as $8.28 and last traded at $8.38, with a volume of 1,171,309 shares traded. The stock had previously closed at $8.59.
Several analysts have recently weighed in on TKC shares. Zacks Investment Research upgraded Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S. from a "hold" rating to a "buy" rating and set a $9.75 target price for the company in a research report on Saturday, June 18th. JPMorgan Chase & Co. downgraded Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S. from an "overweight" rating to a "neutral" rating in a research report on Wednesday, April 6th.
The firm's 50 day moving average is $9.08 and its 200-day moving average is $9.37. The stock's market capitalization is $7.29 billion.
A hedge fund recently raised its stake in Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S. stock. First Trust Advisors LP boosted its stake in shares of Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S. (NYSE:TKC) by 4.7% during the fourth quarter, according to its most recent Form 13F filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The institutional investor owned 588,230 shares of the company's stock after buying an additional 26,461 shares during the period. First Trust Advisors LP owned approximately 0.07% of Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S. worth $4,994,000 as of its most recent filing with the SEC.
Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri AS is a converged communication and technology services provider in Turkey. It is engaged in establishing and operating a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network in Turkey and regional states. The Company comprises the following main reportable segments: Turkcell, Euroasia, Belarusian Telecom all of which are GSM operator in their countries and Turkcell Superonline which provides fixed broadband services.
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You know there are hundreds of online casinos available right now at the internet; it is really difficult to choose the best of the casino gees to play with. In that case it would be better to choose a program which can give you the No deposit casinos. There is plenty of ti to go with and you should only choose the best of the games. Make sure that you are using free slots for the play if you are playing it for the first time.
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The games like free slots and roulette are the best games. That is why more and more people are joining these great games to make Hugh money and to have great fun. You should also check out these sites and you will have fun. Online casinos are not like offline or earth casinos and you could take the advantages of online gaming at your own place.
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It can sometimes be bore and hectic. It means if you really looking forward to make some money and interested to having some fun and enjoyment you will have to deal with online casino games. You can find these games at casino Listings sites and could choose the best of the games suitable for you only. Just check it out and you will be at the top of the world.


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As a tutor you can connect with more than a million students and grow your network.
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I provide one on one make up and hair classes. Also provide proffestion makeup kit My prices are very minimal.
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An independent freelance make-up artist professionally trained from MUD-Make Up Designory (LA), driven to dedicate a career out of the make-up artistry. Creating...
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Bands as UK snow and the big freeze – Friday Fun
Snowed in? Timewasting fun on NME.COM
It's Friday once more, and because everyone in the UK is either falling on their backsides on sheet ice or snowed in, we're thinking of bands as snow and big freeze-related things to waste time until we can get our shorts out again.
Here are a few we've come up with so far:
Snow FX
The Avalanches
Skate Jackson
Sister Sledge
Black Ice Lips
Snowball Fightstar
Snowed InMe
Grit-ney Spears
Cold War Skids
Think you can do better? Sign into MyNME and leave your efforts in the comments box below.


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Newtown is a 2.5 mile loop trail located near Newtown, Pennsylvania and is good for all skill levels. The trail is primarily used for walking and is accessible year-round.
kid friendly
hiking1 month ago
Very large state park with lots of activities.
Kira S.
5 months ago
hikingFriday, April 22, 2016
very easy but nice trail
road bikingWednesday, December 22, 2010
Not a trail.


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Peek'n Peak is the region's premier destination weddings resort! At the Peak, you don't have to limit your special occasion to just one day. You and your guests can enjoy a weekend celebration with discounts on overnight rooms, golf and rehearsal dinners. We also host our award winning champagne brunch every Sunday for a perfect ending to your weekend event!
Let our professional staff at Peek'n Peak will work with you to create your own unique wedding experience! To set up a tour of our wedding venues or learn more about a Peak wedding experience, contact our wedding specialists.
All Wedding Packages Include
Lower Prices, Great Perks! On Sale October 1st!
Every Friday and Saturday night at Bistro 210! Check out the live music schedule on the event calendar.
Dinner Theater. November 24, 25 & 26. December 1 & 2.


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Maleficent Review By Andy Herndon
By Andy Herndon (@andyherndon)
This isn't the Sleeping Beauty of your childhood. Disney's new Maleficent is a new take on the Disney Animated Classic. Without any spoilers, this film was a pleasant surprise.
My first reaction when I heard that Disney was remaking this movie as a live action film was hesitant at best. I really did not like the live action remake of Alice and Wonderland and my fear was this would be a repeat of the same mistakes, as these two films share the same screenwriter in Linda Woolverton. Yet as I saw trailers, I became more and more open to this film, to the point where I was very excited to see Maleficent this weekend.
The story was excellent. Superb even. Without giving anything away, Maleficent is the backstory on the well known villain of the animated Disney classic. This is a fantasy film in the same vein of Narnia yet was tame enough, in my opinion, that it is pretty family friendly. Don't get me wrong, this movie is dark overall, but not in an evil adult sort of way. The film also used humor well and in a way I did not expect. Especially with the fairies as a comic relief, but not in an annoying Jar Jar Binks sort of way (Star Wars reference).
The special effects were epic, and I do not say that lightly. The detail was excellent and realistic but still felt like a fantasy film. The film was not very cartoony feeling, which was great. The sets were so pleasantly elaborate. So much so, that it felt like you were in a fairy tale. Costumes were well realized and the musical score did a great job of complementing the movie.
Angelina Jolie stole the show. She does an excellent job of showing us the inner conflict and transformations within Maleficent and at no time did the performance feel forced or cheesy. She was unexpectedly funny at times which allowed us the see a full range of emotions and personality within Maleficent. I was lost in her performance.
Elle Fanning did a sufficient job as Aurora, good even. I felt her character was underdeveloped from a script point of view, to the point where Elle Fanning may have been holding back a bit. This is understandable, as the movie is Maleficent not Sleeping Beauty. I really would have loved to see more from Elle Fanning though.
Sharlton Coply as King Stephen was very good as was the rest of the supporting cast.
The film was great. I brought my 6 year old daughter and my 4 year old son. I was actually worried about my son being too scared, yet the movie struck a good balance. I would say if you are unsure if your child is ready for a film of this nature, perhaps you should see it first. My daughter was mesmerized by Maleficent, Aurora, the sets, and the costumes the entire time.
Maleficent is great for families and adults. It strikes a unique balance between the two that I have only seen in some Pixar films, which is high praise from me.
Disney and Director Stromberg knock it out of the park on this one. Many Disney purists may be upset with some changes made in this film from the original but this Disney fan believes it's a new story for a new day.
Go see it!
This film gets 4 out of 5 churros from me!
Posted on May 31, 2014, in Maleficent, movie review, Reviews, The D-Cast, Uncategorized, Walt Disney and tagged Disney, Maleficent, Maleficent and Live Action Remakes of Disney Movies, review. Bookmark the permalink. 2 Comments.


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Best Fishing Times: 1:28AM to 3:28AM, and 7:39PM to 9:39PM
Alternate Fishing Times: 7:09AM to 9:09AM
Fishing North Creek, AK on 10/16/2017 will be best from 1:28AM through 3:28AM, and from 7:39PM to 9:39PM. If those times won't work for you, 7:09AM to 9:09AM looks promising. Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes.


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The island continues to be extremely active! Since January first, we have had 20 successfully closed residential sales. Right now, out of 165 properties, there are 30 sales pending!
Additional vacant parcel sales are pending and have sold, including 2 on Grouper Hole and 2 in Golden Beach. Call me for the details!
Kelly Borza
Accredited Buyer's Representative
Licensed REALTOR in the State of Florida
Gasparilla Properties, Inc., Boca Grande
Wednesday, April 11, 2012
Activity STRONG on Gasparilla Island!
Posted by Licensed REALTOR Kelly Reark Borza at 11:35 AM
Labels: boca grande brokerage, Boca Grande homes for sale, Boca Grande island property, boca grande real estate, Gasparilla island real estate, Gasparilla Properties, Kelly Reark
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Covenant College wildlife ecology
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Get info about Covenant College wildlife ecology, and registering for elective seminars. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? As a registered nurse (RN), not only can you earn a good salary, but also will be helping people at the same time. Request more information about accredited nurse training programs. Concentrating on Covenant College wildlife ecology, for example, you may gain an advantage in job recruiting on-campus. Check with the wildlife conservation department for course registration deadlines, and ecology program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Covenant College.
Biology is one of the original natural sciences, even reaching back as far as the study of anatomy in ancient Egypt, where evidence has been found of surgery, forensics, and anatomical knowledge of both organ structure and function. Biology in general is the study of life and living organisms, with specific attention to function, growth, evolution, identification and taxonomy. Modern biology is becoming an interdisciplinary field, overlapping with biomedical engineering, molecular chemistry, and genetics. The biological sciences recognize the cell as the basic unit of life, and DNA as the basic unit of heredity. Moreover, all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy via respiration or photosynthesis, and by regulating their internal environment via homeostasis.
The life sciences are defined by the scale at which organisms are studied, in that biochemistry focuses on chemical processes of life while molecular biology involves molecules and protein synthesis. Cellular biology may be broken down further into a structural analysis of cell organelles and lipid membrane boundries, such as in skin tissue or alveolar sacs in the lungs. In the field of genetic engineering, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) may be spliced together from different organisms, in an attempt to transfer hereditary traits that may increase crop yields, create a supply of stem-cells, or even clone sheep. Beyond major requirements within the wildlife conservation department, you may consider Northern Kentucky University health care administration as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
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130-14 60th Ave #3A, Flushing, New York
$410,0002 Beds1 BathActive
$410,0002 Beds1 BathActive
130-14 60th Ave #3A, Flushing, New York 11355 - Charming 1 Bedroom Converted To 2 Bedroom With Balcony. Renovated Kitchen And Bathroom With Jacuzzi. Included Additional Storage Room With Washer And Dryer
Listing Courtesy of Century 21 American Homes


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Welcome to Feldenkrais Resources, one the country's oldest somatic education organizations and the publisher of Moshe Feldenkrais's audio legacy.
Mailing List Signup
This is also the home of The Feldenkrais Institute of San Diego, located in the vibrant neighborhood of Hillcrest.
Weekly Classes
Public Workshops
New San Diego Feldenkrais Professional Training 2016
Professional Training
wtih Jerry Karzen
Height Range: 16.5"- 26"
Weight: 30" Table = 31 lbs. 32" Table = 33 lbs.
Length: 73"
Load Rating: 800 lbs.
Cover Material: 100% Natursoft™ Upholstery in 16 Color Choices
General Warranty: Construction is limited lifetime warranty, foam and upholstery 3 years.
General Production Time: Made to order, these tables take 2-3 weeks to receive
Special Feature: Rounded Corners
Shipping: FREE Flat Rate in the Continental U.S.
Made in USA with components sourced globally For your purchase, EarthLite will plant a tree on your behalf. Through corporate partners: Sustainable Harvest®, Trees for the Future®, Global Releaf® and American Forests®, we help reduce our carbon footprint.
* Product not available for International Orders.
** Face rest, carry case and other accessories are sold separately.
NOTE: All tables are custom made to order and take two weeks to process before they are ready to ship
NOTE: All tables are custom made to order and take two weeks to process before they are ready to ship


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As everyone knows and has been mentioning, the new iOS 7 appears to have been a huge hit since release on Wednesday. I'm lucky enough to have had mine since Sunday but that's besides the point. Anyway, since the release many updates for many apps on my iPhone have been popping up all day. Including, as you've guessed it, Facebook and Twitter.
To be very honest, it's so much better for each of them. The new facelift for ios coupled with the look and feel of these two huge social media apps go hand in hand, pea in a pod or even foot in mouth. Strange. Especially Facebook I would go so far as to say that this update has improved it significantly and also became more appealing to use overall. I find myself going onto Facebook a tiny bit more due to its new smooth interface and faster response times. Twitter remains as good as it has always been, of course.
Your thoughts?