text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Feb 3, 1970
|Filing date
|Jun 5, 1967
|Priority date
|Jun 5, 1967
|Publication number
|Larry L Higgins
|Original Assignee
|Trw Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (2), Classifications (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Feb. 3, 1970 L. HIGGINS 3,493,283
APPARATUS FOR STABILIZING OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS Filed June 5, 1967 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Y i.' III-IIIIIIII m I orry L. Higgins INVENTOR ATTORNEY @WM5/13M Feb. 3, 1970 L. l.. HIGGINS 3,493,283
APPARATUS FOR STABIIIZING OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS Filed June 5, 1967 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent O T 3,493,283 APPARATUS FOR STABILIZING OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS Larry L. Higgins, Hermosa Beach, Calif., assignor to TRW Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif., a corporation of Ohio Filed June 5, 1967, Ser. No. 643,500 Int. Cl. G02b 23/16 U.S. Cl. S50-16 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An apparatus for stabilizing optical systems on an unstable platform such as a helicopter or other vehicle which does not require any modification of the optical instrument or a gyroscope or any additional source of power. The device comprises a mounting means whereby counteracting pairs of inertia Wheels are rotatably mounted in planes which form a three dimensional orthogonal set. The counteracting pairs of inertia wheels provide a component of torque about an axis perpendicular to their respective plane in response to rotational vibrations whereby a reflecting mirror, prism, or the like, attached to one of the wheels is stabilized in such a relationship to the optical axis of the instrument and to the desired viewing axis as to nullify the effects of the rotational vibrations. The device provide the equivalent of a zero friction mounting and affords means for stabilizing in frames by providing correction torque responses which -may have any one of a range of preselected ratio values of correction to disturbing torques.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Wherever it is necessary to use an optical instrument such as binoculars, telescope, sextant, camera, or the like, on a moving platform, the amount of magnification which in practice is usable, is severely limited by small rotational vibrations transmitted from the platform to the optical instrument. Thus, it is commonly recognized that even hand held binoculars used by an individual simply standing on the ground suffer from the problem of minor vibrations which are optically magnified in proportion to the magnifying power of the instrument. This, of course, makes for extremely unclear and unpleasant viewing at high magnification powers. Many efforts have been made to provide stabilizing arrangements. Thus, it is common to provide a stabilized prism or mirror within the optical path of the instrument at half the optical path between objective and eyepiece in order to cancel vibration effects. This, however, places undesirable constraints on the optical design of the instrument. Various external mounting arrangements have also been used, including gyroscopically controlled gimbal mounts and the like. These, of course, include the familiar mariners compass type of mounting. However, in most of these arrangements, it is necessary to have a source of electrical power to operate the stabilizing device, for example, to run a gyrostabilizer. Alternatively, where purely mechanical gimbal mountings have been used, the weight and mechanical complexity of linkages, and the like, render the system relatively inexible as to ease and types of application to which they are suited. The present system, for example, permits the optical eyepieces to be rigidly attached to the observers frame of reference and still permit remote adjustment of the direction of view simply by moving a mirror mounted, for example, externally of an aircraft.
It is an object of this invention to provide an apparatus for stabilizing optical instruments which does not require the use of electrically operated devices such as gyroscopes or the like.
3,493,283 Patented Feb. 3, 1970 It is a further object of this invention to provide an entirely mechanical means for stabilizing optical instruments which can be adjusted to provide the equivalent of zero frictional correction for rotational vibrations about a set of three mutually orthogonal axes.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such an apparatus which is mechanically simple and relatively lightweight and which overcomes the above noted problems of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These and other objects and advantages are achieved, as will be more apparent from the detailed description below, by providing an apparatus in which a mirror or other optical means affording a refiection plane is mounted on a member which is part of an inertially stabilized system. The system preferably comprises three pair of counteractinig inertia wheels, each pair of which are in effect rotatably mounted parallel to a rod which is aligned along one of three mutually orthogonal axes and which is parallel to the plane of the wheels surfaces. The counteracting inertia wheel systems can be shown to be such that when a force tends to rotate the rod about an axis perpendicular to it, the inertia wheels will generate a counter-force or torque which will maintain the rod in its initial position. By this means, when the design parameters of the system have been properly adjusted, the apparatus affords the equivalent of a zero friction gimbal mounting for the reflection surface so that the angle of incidence between the optical axis of the optical instrument and the normal to the reflection plane can be maintained equal to the angle of reflection between the desired axis of view and the same normal to the reflection plane irrespective of changes in the angle of incidence due to rotational vibratory motions of the system on which the optical instrument is mounted.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURE l is a schematic diagram illustrating a basic optical principle of the invention.
FIGURE 2 is an isometric view showing a stabilizing apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
FIGURE 2a is a schematic View illustrating the set of three mutually orthogonal axes embodied in the apparatus of FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 3 is a side elevational view, partly broken away, showing the apparatus of FIGURE 2 with the mirror supporting shaft rotated from the position of FIGURE 2 to place the desired view axis in a direction looking toward the observer rather than away from the observer, as in FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 4 is a plurality of sectional views of the various inertia wheels of the apparatus of FIGURES 2 and 3.
FIGURE 5 is a sectional view of a shaft mounting bearing used in FIGURE 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In many uses of any optical instrument such as a telescope, binoculars, camera or the like, it is often desired to construct a device which stabilizes the instrument optically so that it may be used by a person on an unstable moving platform, The device must be capable of being added on to the optical instrument without requiring the instrument to be modified, if it is to find maximum utility. Often it is also required that the instrument such as a telescope look in another direction than the direction of the eye of the user. Frequently a mirror is used to change the direction of view. The device described herein uses such a direction changing mirror to stabilize the optical view. The stabilized mirror device may be at some distance from the optical instrument or telescope proper and from the eye of the viewer so that the overall arrangement can look around certain obstructions of the field of view as seen from the observers eye position. This is frequently desirable, for example, -where a pilot in a cockpit wishes to use a telescope which is essentially a part of a periscope system. Whatever the particular arrangement may be for a specific application, however, it will be understood that the system presupposes that the stabilized mirror will first be moved to select a direction of view and will then be stabilized in that fixed or preselected view axis. The telescope eyepiece need not move with respect to the observers eye. An optically flat mirror can preferably be used which is relatively large and heavy. For example, a mirror vwhich is 8 inches square, one inch thick, and weighs pounds may be used to accommodate wide angle optical instruments and to permit placement at relatively large distances from the telescope objective. The device to be described herein requires no electrical power and does not require gyroscopic stabilizers,
However, for the purpose of explaining one principle involved in the operation of the device, let us first assume that a gyroscope stabilizer is used in an arrangement such as is schematically illustrated in FIGURE l. The output shaft 21 of the gyroscope is rigidly integral with one arm 22 of a hinged scissors mechanical divider. The direction of view of the sytsem is along this arm 22. A second arm 23 of the hinged divider lies in the optical axis of the telescope 24 and is the direction of view of the eye 25 of the observer using the system. Telescope 24 is attached to arm 23 of the hinged scissors mechanical divider. The large mirror 26 having the characteristics described above is attached to the central divider rod 2-7 which is always constrained by arms 28 and 29 which are attached to a sleeve 30 through `which the central arm 27 passes to lie coplanar with the scissor arms and halfway between them. The mirror 216 is attached to rod 27 at a 90 angle so that the rod 27 lies in the direction of the normal to the reecting plane which in this instance constitutes the refiecting surface of the mirror 26. Since the rod 27 is constrained lby the mechanical scissor dividers to always remain halfway between the arms 22 and 23, it follows that the angle of incidence, i, between the optical axis 23 of the telescope, which intersects the reflecting plane surface of the mirror at its pivot point 31 and the central arm 27 of the dividers which always remain normal to the mirror and intersects it at pivot point 31 will always remain equal to the angle of reflection, r, between the central arm 27 and the arm 22 of the scissors divider which lies in the direction of view of the system.
Now let us assume that the angular momentum of the gyroscope 20 is so large that the direction of the viewing arm 22 cannot be changed by vibrational forces which may affect the system. The entire arrangement, may, however, translate about in some irregular way due to motion of the platform on which the observer and the system are located. The observer, his eye, and the telescope can be thought of as attached `to each other, since the -observer may lean his head on a headrest attached to the telescope.
The vibration and motion of the platform causes the observer, his eye, and the telescope to move about in some uncontrollable random way. Let us assume, for purposes of initial simplification, that this motion is confined to the plane defined 4by the scissor arms 22, 23 and 27, and within this plane, as is well known, it can be resolved into translational and rotational or angular components. During this motion, the scissor divider always works to place the arm 27, that is, the normal to the mirror, halfway between the telescope axis 23 and the view axis 22, By the reflection law for mirrors, this means that the angular direction of the field of view cf the observer never .changes2 .in Seite of the motion 0f the telescope. The entire system may be translated so that the view axis moves parallel to itself or along itself, but angular or rotational components of motion are cancelled by the action of the gyroscope 20 and the scissor divider arrangement. That is to say, the nullication of the angular components of motion by the counteraction of the gyroscope rotationally stabilizes the telescope within the plane being considered.
This schematic arrangement, however, suffers from the problem that the scissor divider has friction in its bearings and thus a large angular momentum gyroscope is needed to stabilize the direction of View. Also, since the large heavy mirror must move, random forces are applied to it, which, by reaction, are also applied to the gyroscope causing it to precess slightly, thus changing the reference view direction. Electrical power, air pressure or vacuum is required to run the gyroscope.
To avoid these problems, the device shown in detail in FIGURES 2, 3, `4, and 5 uses an inertial stabilization system in place of the gyroscope lbut continues to use the scissor divider concept whereby a mirror is stabilized to remain with the normal to its surface lying halfway between a preselected fixed direction of view and the possibly angularly moving optical axis of an optical instrument. The divider concept as embodied in the inertially stabilized device has the mirror reection law built into it, that is, the mirror moves half the angle between the viewing direction and the telescope axis in response to changes in the angular position of the telescope axis. The problem is to provide a constraining device which will produce this desired half angle motion of the mirror in response to forces or torques which may be acting to move the telescope axis.
Such an arrangement, which is adapted for practical use, is shown in the structural views of FIGURES 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Turning now to FIGURES 2, 3, 4, and 5, the structure of a preferred embodiment of the invention will iirst be considered in detail before analyzing its mode of operation in accordance with the foregoing principles.
In FIGURE 2, a telescope 50 having an optical axis indicated by the dashed line O is mounted on a frame member S1 which is adapted to -be rigid with the telescope and with the unstable platform on which the system and the observer are to be mounted. That is to say, the observer, the telescope 50, and the frame 51 will move in unison with each other. The frame member 5I has upright arms 51a, Slb, and 51C. The arm `Slb is prolonged downwardly to terminate integrally with a first mounting plate S6 which is provided with a plurality of holes for screw or bolt attachment to any convenient surface such as a tripod or the like. A stud 51d extends downwardly from the frame member -51 parallel to the extension of 51b and ends in a second mounting plate 57 which is similar to and in the plane of the mounting plate 56. Plate 57 is also provided with holes adapted to receive fastener means. The upper end of arm 51a is provided with a cradle 51e which is here shown as being welded to the telescope 50 for permanent rigid attachment thereof. It will, of course, be understood that the cradle 51e could be provided with strap means or any other convenient fastening arrangement for removably attaching an optical instrument thereto. It will also be un" derstood that the telescope is shown merely as an illustration and that any suitable optical instrument could be positioned on arm 51a so that its optical axis is along the line O.
The upper end of supporting arm 51h is welded to a support plate 51,1c and similarly, the upper end of arm 51e is welded to a supporting plate 51g. The supporting plates 51 and g, respectively, have ball bearing mounting assemblies 58 and 59 bolted thereto. The two ball bearing assemblies are identical and are shown in a detailed cross sectional view in FIGURE 5.
lt will be noted from FIGURE ,5, that the shaft 52 is S rotatably mounted in the ball bearing assembly which comprises an inner race 60 and an outer race 61, between which a plurality of ball bearings 62 are confined and a conventional outer housing means 63 which is bolted to the plate 51j and which confines the inner and outer races in operative relationship with the ball bearings in a manner which is well known in the art. The inner race 60 may be attached to the shaft 52 by a set screw 60a. The entire bearing assembly is of a commercially available flange mounted self aligning radial bearing type and the manner in which it is grease packed and its mode of operation is well understood in the art.
The main portion of the shaft 52 is rotatably supported in bearing members 58 and 59. A -U shaped member 52a is formed integrally with and transversely to one end of the main portion of shaft 52. The arms 52a and 52a of the U provide bearing stubs for a first pair of counteracting inertia wheels 74 and 75.
An offset member 52b projects outwardly from the other end of the main portion of shaft 52 in a plane and direction parallel to the plane and direction of the cross member 52a. A double U member 52a` is formed `with one of its arms 52d integral with the offset member 52b for supporting purposes. Two additional stub or arm members 52e and 52j project upwardly from member 52C and are integral with it to provide bearing stubs for a second pair of counteracting inertia wheels 64, and 65.
A pair of arms 52g and 52h project outwardly at right angles from a point on the shaft 52 between supports SIb and 51C and are positioned at right angles to each other and to shaft 52 at substantially the midpoint between the supporting7 bearing arms 5111 and 51e. The arm members 52;,7 and 52h support adjustable Vernier weight members which are used to statically balance the apparatus in a completed assembly in a manner which will be described below. At this point, however, it should be again pointed out that the shaft 52 is integral with its protrusions and extensions 52a, 52.11, 52C, 52d, 52e, 52f, 52g, and 52h and is mounted for free rotation in the bearing support members 58 and 59. It should also be pointed out that the main portion 52 of the shaft which is the portion passing between bearing members Slb and c is aligned to be coaxial with the optical axis O of the telescope 50.
Referring, for the moment, to FIGURE 2a, there is shown a three dimensional set of orthogonal Cartesian coordinates in which the three axes intersect at an origin point P and wherein the horizontal axes are indicated by the plus and minus x direction, which are, for purposes of reference and discussion, taken to be parallel to the optical axis O and the shaft axis 52 in the apparatus of FIGURE 2. The vertical direction is defined by the plus and minus v axis and the third dimension which would be perpendicular to the plane of the drawing is defined by the plus and minus z axis. For purposes of discussion, it is convenient to identify in FIGURE 5 the point P, which is the point on the retiection surface M of the mirror 53 at which the optical axis O of the telescope intersects that surface. The shaft 52 and its attached assembly has been rotated by 180 in FIGURE 5 from a position shown in FIGURE 4 in order to show both a front and back view of the structure. Hence, the point P is not seen in FIGURE 2. However, referring again to FIGURES 4 and 4a, the optical axis O will intersect the reflection plane surface M of the mirror 53 at the point P and the direction of view will be as indicated by the dashed line V in FIGURE 2. Since, in the arrangement as shown, the mirrors surface M is mounted to form a 45 angle of incidence to the optic axis O, where the angle of incidence is defined as the angle, z', between the optical axis O and the normal, N, to the plane, M, of the mirror at point, P, the angle of reliection, r, between the direction of view indicated by the dashed line V and the same normal, N, to the mirror will also be 45. For purposes of discussion, it is convenient to note that the optical axis O and the axis of the shaft 52 and the member 52C which is parallel thereto lie in what is defined by FIGURE 2a as the x axis direction, whereas the view direction indicated by the line V and the offset member 52b lie in a direction defined in FIGURE 2a by the z axis. The vertical support members 52d, 52e, and 52f in turn lie in the y axis direction when the apparatus is positioned as shown in FIGURE 2.
Returning now to FIGURE 2, it will be noted that the second pair of inertia wheels 64 and 65 are rotatably mounted by a ball bearing support on the bearing studs 52e and 52f. Welded to a diameter of the `wheel 64 is a rod or shaft member 66a which is shown in the x direction and which has parallel protrusion 66b and 66C extending in the minus z direction. Extensions of these members in turn are formed as indicated by the portions 66d and 66e which extend upwardly in the plus y direction and are then formed integrally with bearing studs 66j and 66g which extend forwardly in the plus z direction to form mounting or bearing arms for a third pair of inertia wheels 54 and 55. The mirror 53 is rigidly attached to the inertia wheel 54 at a 45 angle between the plane of the surface of the mirror and the plane of the surface of the wheel 54. The arms and supporting arrangement are so proportioned that the wheels 54 and 55 are sufficiently oiset in the minus z direction from the optical axis O so that the optical axis clears the surface of the wheels and intersects the mirror at a central point P" as can be seen more clearly in FIGURES 5 and 6. It will be noted in FIGURE 6 that mirror M is supported at a 45 angle to the surface of wheel 54 by a pair of studs 54e and is so positioned that the axis of wheel 54 is coaxial with direction of view V, which line is intersected at point P on mirror surface M by the optic axis O.
The various rod and shaft members 51, 52, 66 and the like, are preferably formed of aluminum rod or some other easily worked material which affords rigidity without excessive weight. Of course, if desired, the steel rod can also be used.
It is preferred in the overall design of the apparatus to attempt to place the center of gravity of the inertia wheel and mirror assembly on the one hand and the pair of inertia wheels 74 and 75 on the other end, all of which are attached to the shaft 52, generally near the midpoint of that portion of shaft 52, supported between bearing members 58 and 59. This can be accomplished by controlling the density and dimension of the shaft member 52a and the size and density of the various inertia wheels in a manner to be discussed below. Such an arrangement minimizes torques on bearings 58 and 59.
On arm 52g which lies in the z direction, a first vernier weight member 67 is slidably positioned and held in place by a set screw 68. Similarly, a Vernier weight member 69 is slidably positioned on arm 52h and is held in the desired place by a set screw 70. The arm 52h, it will be noted, extends orthogonally to 52g and lies in the plus y direction as shown. Secondary Vernier adjustments are obtained by means of a screw member 71 which is threadedly received in weight 67 and a similar screw member 72 which is threadedly received in weight 69. As noted, the apparatus is initially designed insofar as possible t0 distribute the weight so that a static balance will be achieved. That is to say, about the central point of the shaft 52 between bearing members 58 and 58 along the x axis the density of members can be adjusted to balance the weight of the apparatus supporting the mirror to provide for static rotational stability about an axis through this point and parallel to the z axis. This is desirable in order to eliminate torque on the bearing members 58 and 59. More importantly, however, it is necessary to achieve static balance with respect to rotations about the x axis so that when the mirror is positioned at any one given angular position, it will remain there in a static condition in spite of the free rotatability of the shaft 52 in its bearings. This characteristic is primarily achieved by selecting materials and dimensions of the inertia wheels and rods to give a very close approximation to such static balance. The final adjustment in use, however, must be made by the Vernier Weight 67 and 68 and their secondary vernier screws 71 and 72 which, by sliding up and down along the arms 52g and 52h, aligned respectively in FIGURE 4 in the z and y axes, can provide counterbalancing torques to any unbalanced torque, tending to rotate the shaft 52 in the static state, that is, when the system is at rest. When these weights and verniers are properly adjusted, it is possible to grasp the shaft member 52e` or any convenient portion of the shaft system 52 and rotate the mirror to any desired direction of view in the y, z plane and have the mirror and its mounting system remain statically balanced in the position in which it is set. The action of the inertia wheels is then such as to counteract any dynamic vibrational torques which may tend to rotate the system away from the position to which it has been set after the system is in motion.
In order to place the direction of view, V, in a plane other than the y, z plane, it is necessary to rst manually rotate inertia wheel 64 and then follow the procedure above.
The inertia wheels are shown in the detailed cross sectional views of FIGURE 6, wherein the wheels 54, 55, 64, 65, 74, and 75 are each shown. The wheels are of generally similar construction so that only the wheel 54 will be described in detail. The Wheel 54 comprises a round disc shaped member' 54a, which may be made of aluminum, steel, or any other suitable material. The disc member 54a has an angular flange member 54d protruding at right angles therefrom. The flange member 54b is integral with disc 54a and its dimensions and density may be varied to control the overall moment of inertia of the Wheel in the manner dictated by the design parameters of any particular system. A central bearing assembly 54e is seated in an aperture in the center of the disc 54a and is adapted to receive the mounting shaft 66f on which the wheel 54 is rotatably mounted by the ball bearing assembly. The ball bearing assembly 54e comprises an inner and an outer race between which ball bearings are positioned to rotatably support the wheel 54 in a low friction rotational relationship to its supporting shaft, which is preferably welded to the inner side of the ball bearing assembly. Bonded to the outer periphery of the ange 54h is a rubber tire 54d.
The supporting shafts of adjacent wheels are spaced so that the rubber tires of the adjacent wheels in each pair of counteracting inertia wheels are held in firm frictional contact with each other. The rotation of one wheel of a pair will thus cause its mate to rotate in the opposite direction.
In accordance with the design criteria developed above, each of the wheels 54, 55, 64, 65, 74, and 75 has a radius which is equal to the same arbitrary convenient constant value. At least each wheel of each pair must, in this system, have a radius equal to that of its mate, and it iS convenient to make all radii equal.
Wheels 74 and 75 are identical to each other in all respects so that they have equal moments of inertia, and for the 74, 75 pair, =l. Basically, this pair of wheels function like a flywheel simply to provide an equal and opposite restoring torque to prevent shaft 52 from being rotated. If desired, this pair of wheels could be replaced by a flywheel attached to rod 52 and lying in the y, z plane. lf the inertia wheels are used, however, and if it is found that bearing friction in any given system is not negligible in mount 58, 59 the value of 7\ for wheels 74, 75 can be adjusted by varying the ratio of the moments of inertia of this pair of wheels to overcome this factor and produce an electively zero friction mounting for shaft 52.
Wheel 54 (including the tire, mirror and any other mass integral with it) should have a moment of inertia which is three times the moment of inertia of wheel 55 and all mass integral with it. Similarly, wheen 64 and all mass integral with it (including the entire assembly of wheels 54 and 55, which is welded to wheel 64 by member 66a) should have a moment of inertia which is three times that of wheel 65. This 3 to l ratio, it will be recalled, will produce a value of }\=1/2, which will result in the desired scissor divider action.
Finally, in addition to static balance of the whole system to prevent rotation about shaft 52, each wheel and all mass integral with it must be statically balanced about its own mounting shaft or axis, that is, the center of gravity of the mass of the wheel and its integral attachments must lie at the center of its mounting shaft.
This is easily achieved for wheels 74, 75, 65, and 55 simply by making them symmetrical. Vernier plug or set screw adjustments, may, if desired, be provided to correct for manufacturing tolerances. Wheel 64, of course, has the mirror M attached thereto in a non-symmetrical fashion. To counterbalance the mirror, a weight 81 is slidably mounted on a rod 80 which extends from the hub to the rim of the wheel and is held in a selected position by setscrew 82. An adjustable vernier screw 83 is also provided to achieve a balancing arrangement similar to that provided by weight 67 for shaft 52. Alternatively, or additionally, if desired, a web or pattern may be cut out of the face of wheel 54 to achieve a weight distribution counterbalancing mirror M.
A similar counterweight 91, slidable on rod 90, held by setscrew 92 and provided with Vernier screw 93 is provided for wheel 64 as seen in FIGURE 4. Additional counterbalancing for wheel 64 is achieved by increasing the density of members 66d and 66e. Thus, in a system where aluminum tubing is used for these and other frame members, necessary amounts of lead or other weights may be placed inside members 66d and 466e to place the center of gravity of wheel 64 and all mass integral with it at the center of member 52e.
in designing the system, wheel 54 and the mirror mount are first statically balanced about shaft 66j. Wheel 55 is then provided with balance about 66g and 1/3 the moment of inertia of 54. Next, Wheel 64 and its attachments (including wheels 54 and 55) is statically balanced about shaft 52e. Wheel 65 is then provided with static balance about 52f and 1/3 the moment of inertia of the wheel 64 system. Next, the mass of the wheel system 74, and its mounting members 52a, etc., is adjusted to place the center of gravity of the entire shaft 52 system midway between bearings 58 and 59. Weights 67 and 69 are finally adjusted to provide static balance about shaft 52. Once static balance has been achieved, the dynamic response will be that which has been explained in the principles and equations set forth above.
Returning to FIG. 2, it will be noted that the mounting studs for the wheels are spaced in Such a fashion that the rubber tires of the wheels are pressed into rm contact. ln the arrangement of FIGURE 4, rotation of one of the wheels of a pair in a clockwise direction will cause the other wheel in the pair to rotate in a counterclockwise direction. This -we have defined as direct coupling.
It will be noted, from FIGURES 2 and 2a, that the wheels 54 and 55 are mounted on a rod which in the detailed embodiment comprises the member 52C `which lies in the x axis. This pair of wheels is thus operative to generate a restoring torque to counteract any rotational movements about the z axis, which is perpendicular to the x axis, that is, which is parallel to the direction of the mounting or bearing arms 66j and 66g, on which the `wheels are supported. Similarly, Wheels 64 and 65 are mounted in a direction such that they will generate counter-torques to compensate for any rotational motion about the y axis which lies parallel to the direction of their supporting or Ibearing arms 52e and 52j. Finally, the wheels 74 and 75 are mounted on arms 52a and 52u" which lie in the direction of the x axis so that these wheels will generate a torque tending to compensate for any tendency to rotate the mirror about the x axis.
It is well known that any rotational motion no matter how complex can be resolved into components of lrotational motion about 3 mutually perpendicular axes such as the axes x, y, and z shown. The wheels are arranged to generate counteracting torques to nullify such rotational forces. This is achieved by proportioning the moments of inertia and the radii of the inertia wheels in accordance with the equations given above in such a way that \=1/2 for 54, 55 and 64, and 65, that is, that the gear ratio between their wheels is one half so that, if the telescope 50 is, for example, rotated about the y or ya-w axis by rotation of the unstable platform 'on which it is mounted by plates 56 and 57, then the pair of inertia wheels 64 and 65 will be caused to induce a torque such as to overcome half of this motion, so as to maintain the normal N to the surface M of the mirror, always halfway between the changing direction of the axis O of the telescope and the fixed direction of the desired axis of view V. Wheels 54 and l55 for which )\=1/2 produce a similar action to counteract rotation about the z axis.
In this fashion, the arrangement acts as the equivalent of the scissor divider arrangement of FIGURE l with respect to rotations about the y and z axes both of which are perpendicular to the x or optical axis O of the telescope in the same fashion that scissor arm 22 is perpendicular to scissor arm 23 in FIGURE l. Of course, rotations about the x or optical axis O itself are simply fully counteracted by making )\=1 in Wheels 74, 75 since the desire is simply to maintain N in the same plane as O and V. That is to say, the reflection angle law is not per se involved in correcting rotations about this axis; hence, )t must equal 1, rather than 1/2. However, the gyroscope shown in FIGURE l is unnecessary, since the gear ratio of 1/2 in the inertia wheel action implements the scissor divider action with respect to an idealized fixed direction of View V. A similar corrective action is initiated by the system in response to rotational torques about any one of the axes x, y, or z, which tend to displace the mirror from its position which was initially manually established.
Thus, while the entire system may, of course, translate along any one of the axes or have components of translation therealong, nonetheless, the inertia wheels will correct for rotations about these axes. It is these dynamic rotational motions which are the vibrations which distort normal optical stability. Thus, the transient dynamic rotations of the telescope 50 will still exist when it is rigidly attached to an unstable moving platform. However, the bearing mounted `inertia wheel control system will act to maintain direction of view V stable in a line parallel to the z axis as shown in FIGURE 4 by keeping N halfway between the desired fixed direction V land the moving axis O, just as the scissor divider did.
The operation of the device depends upon the fact that a means of moving the inertia wheels 54 and 64 at half the angular speed of their effective mounting rods has been realized. The mirror is attached to wheel 54 and 54 in turn is mounted on 64, and in turn, both of these wheels are mounted on shaft 52 which is given 1 to 1 or full stabilization against rotation about the optic axis O or axis of the shaft 52 by the third pair of wheels 74 and 75. Thus, all components of rotation can be corrected for. These corrections by the inertia wheels provide the equivalent of a zero friction gimbal mounting for the stabilized mirror even though the bearings mounting the shaft 52 and the inertia wheels are not perfectly frictionless.
It is, of course, desirable that the bearings be as nearly similar and as low in friction as practically possible. However, whatever the actual friction in the particular system, the inertia wheels can be designed to counteract the torques transmitted thereby.
AS earlier noted, the Vernier weights 67, 69, 81, and 91 and the secondary vernier adjustment screws are provided to afford an adjustment to achieve static balance about the x axis and the axes of torque wheels 54 and 64, when the platform on which the system is mounted is at rest so that one may rotate the mirror to any angular position and have it remain there. Initial scanning for the direction of view, may, if, desired, also be facilitated by rotation of the tripod or platform on Iwhich the system is adapted to be mounted. Additional very fine screw adjustments of inertia or radii can, if necessary, be made in any of the inertia wheels in an obvious manner to satisfy the above specified design requirements, should manufacturing tolerances be inadequate. Mechanical adjustments of the order of 1:1,000 are typically required, which is quite within the range of usual mechanical devices. It is even possible, if necessary, to make such adjustments in the field, similar to a focusing adjustment to make the balance perfect at the time of use. The telescope may be intentionally -vibrated and screw adjustments made until no vibration is seen in the field of view. Such adjustments may, for example, be made by screws threadedly received in the outer flange of the inertia 4wheels at their inner surfaces.
It will, of course, be understood that the mounting arrangement shown in the drawings and described herein is merely an example and that many variations could be made for other applications. It should especially be noted that the length of member 51 can be extended to any degree desired so that the telescope can be considerably more remote from the mirror than is shown herein. As earlier noted, the telescope may form a part of 'a periscope system leading from the inside of an aircraft or vehicle to an external position to which the mirror is mounted. In such an arrangement, of course, it would be necessary to add means for initially positioning the mirror from inside the craft. This could readily be accomplished by cables, linkages, or the like, which actuate any conventional caging arrangement to first position the mirror and then release the caging apparatus from contact |with the system shown.
As shown, the apparatus can readily be mounted for viewing through a normal window, which would be interpositioned between the telescope and the mirror, or the apparatus can be entirely inside the moving craft, mounted on a tripod or the like.
W'hat is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for stabilizing an optical system to be mounted on an unstable platform comprising:
image forming means having an optical viewing axis for viewing a target,
optical reflecting means disposed between said image forming means and target,
and passive inertial means including a pair of interconnected stationary balanced flywheels pivotally mounted with respect to said optical system and responsive to rotation of said optical system about an axis transverse to the pivot axis of the flywheels to rotate said reflecting means in the same direction as the rotation of said optical system but through an angle that is 1/2 of the angle of motion of said system, thereby to maintain said image forming means sighted on said target despite said rotation of said optical system.
2. In the apparatus of claim 1, a second pair of interconnected pivotally mounted passive balanced yflywheels responsive to rotation of said optical system about an orthogonal axis to rotate said reflecting means in the same direction about said orthogonal axis but through 1/2 of the angle of motion of said apparatus about said orthogonal axis, thereby to maintain said image forming means sighted on said target despite rotation of said optical system about said axis and said orthogonal axis.
3. In the apparatus of claim 2, one of each of the pairs of stationary flywheels having a much smaller mo- 1 1 12 ment of inertia than the other and being reversely Coupled ing means sighted on said target independently of to the other for pivotal movement in the opposite direcsaid platform motion, tion in response to motion of the optical system. said passive inertial mechanism including for each axis, 4. In the apparatus of claim 3, said image forming a substantially stationary balanced ywheel pivotally means comprising a telescope and said optical reecting 5 balanced with respect to said optical system about means comprising a mirror. au axis transverse to the axis to be stabilized, and
`5. A stabilized optical system adapted to be mounted means coupled to said stationary ywheel and responon an unstable platform comprising: sive to the relative movement between said platform viewing means supported on said platform, and said flywheel to position said mirror. pivotally mounted reflection means disposed between 10 said viewing means and a target to be observed, References Cited and an unpowerd passive inertil Iietfzhanisrrlij respon- UNITED STATES PATENTS sive to pivota motion of sai p at orm a out any one of a plurality of orthogonal axis to pivot said 2886'972 5/1959 Plsek 74544 mirror about said axis in t-he same direction but for 15 1/2 of the displacement thereby to maintain said view- PAUL R GILLIAM Pnmary Exammer
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 14, 1957
|May 19, 1959
|Vyzk A Zkusebni Letecky Ustav
|System for adjusting the orientation of a gyroscope
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 17, 1978
|Aug 14, 1984
|Fraser David B
|Optically stabilized telescope
|Dec 19, 1988
|Nov 27, 1990
|Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle
|Inertial device for stabilizing the inclination of an orientable body and vehicle-mounted telescope mirror fitted with a device of this kind
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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The New Land
The New Land DVD (Region 1) English and Swedish. Color. Widescreen. Max von Sydow, Liv Ullmann, Eddie Axberg.
This is the second installment of the Swedish saga which began with the1971 film The Emigrants (also available here on DVD on this site).
The New Land continues the chronicle of the life and times of the Swedish immigrants in Minnesota, covering the time period up to and beyond the Civil War. Even though they did not come to America to become Americans, they are gradually drawn into the culture of their new country. Father Karl-Oskar Nilsson (Max Von Sydow) and his wife Kristina (Liv Ullman) battle the elements and political changes in order to survive. The family members have little contact with their neighbors, and because they know so little English, they have difficulty buying things from the nearby general store. Robert (Eddie Axberg), Karl's younger brother, wants to find gold and travels westward with Arvid (Pierre Lindstedt), the Nilsson's strange and skittish farmhand. The two lavish epics, The Emigrants and The New Land were the two most expensive films made in Sweden up to that time.

subset: commoncrawl


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LA City College web design classes
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Find info concerning LA City College web design classes, and registering for elective lectures. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? Completion of an accredited business degree program can qualify you to enter the workforce immediately. To get started, browse management programs and certificate courses online. Concentrating on LA City College web design classes, for example, you may gain an advantage in corporate recruiting being done on-campus. Check with the website design department for course registration deadlines, and responsive web design (rwd) program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for LA City College.
A given website's success is governed by two factors, visitor traffic and online sales conversions. You can drive targeted visitors to your site at no cost by learning about organic search, although larger websites simply buy paid traffic through Google Adwords. Just web page design and layout isn't enough, you'll also need database administration, mobile app development, server optimization, and graphic design skills. Beyond major requirements within the website design department, you may consider Macalester College study skills as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
Events Coordinator
Boys & Girls Clubs of America
Achieve specific measurable goals for each event while developing and adhering to an established budget by keeping track of event finances, including check..
3 days ago Special Events Assistant/ Part-Time
Los Poblanos Historic Inn & Organic Farm
Professional interaction with social and business clients will be. Los Poblanos Historic Inn and Organic Farm*. Special Events Assistant*..
4 days ago Graduate Wellness Intern
City of Grand Prairie
Special projects and events, marketing and outreach, research, program implementation and analysis, data collection, customer service, or other similar duties..
2 days ago HS Developer 2
State of Ohio
Utilizes the Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System (SACWIS) and the Business Intelligence Channel (BIC) to derive monitoring samples, conducts..
1 day ago Oil & Gas Legal Marketing Specialist
DTI Global
Experience in oil and gas advertising and marketing law, knowledge of real estate transactions, and legal issues relating to promotions, advertising, and..
4 hours ago HR Generalist/Recruiter
Affiliated Engineers, Inc.
Bachelor's degree in Human Resources, Industrial Relations, Business, or commensurate experience. Candidates ready for the responsibilities and opportunities..
4 days ago


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Kapiti Cheeses Recognised In Awards
Media Statement
April 2, 2003
Kapiti Pleased Innovative Cheeses Recognised In Awards
The quality and innovation of Kapiti Fine Foods' cheeses business has been confirmed by this year's New Zealand Champions of Cheese Awards with 5 gold medals, 10 silver and 12 bronze.
The brand is highly valued by chefs and the foodservice industry and has now also been recognised by a judging panel headed by United States cheese connoisseur, John Greeley. These include Kapiti's gold medal winners Kikorangi (triple cream blue) Kotuku (soft white) and Camembert 125g (soft white).
Kapiti also won gold for its Mascarpone (soft fresh) and Smoked Cheddar (flavoured Cheese).
Kapiti Fine Foods Chief Executive Greig Shearer said he had much pleasure in congratulating the company's cheesemakers.
"Kapiti has had a longstanding tradition of producing high quality, innovative cheeses by working with its chefs and foodservice customers. It is refreshing to see this work recognised by arguably the most highly qualified cheese judging panel ever brought together in New Zealand.
"We continue to produce innovative cheeses for a discerning market, the restaurant and foodservice sectors where the cheeseboard forms an integral part of a quality food offering."
Kapiti Fine Foods' gold, silver and bronze medal winners were:
Soft Unripened Cheese
Mascarpone – naturally
thick Italian-style cream
Kotuku – single cream Camembert style cheese made in traditional French way
Blue-veined Cheese
Kikorangi – triple cream blue cheese with dense blue veining
Flavoured Cheese
Smoked Cheddar – naturally smoked premium NZ cheddar, enrobed in yellow wax
Soft Ripened Cheese
Camembert 125g – sweet buttery cheese
encased in delicate, thin white rind
Kotuku – single cream cheese, mild and buttery, lightly covered in thin white rind
Soft Unripened Cheese
Bocconcini – small balls of fresh milky
Italian-style Mozzarella
Mount Herbert – fresh goats milk curd with delicate flavour and soft crumbly texture
Soft Ripened Cheese
Camembert log- double cream, sliceable
camembert-style cheese
Kirima - rich, double cream Camembert-style cheese presented in log shape
Saint Maure - creamy rich goats Camembert that ripens to gooey perfection
Flavoured Cheese
Lindale Sage -
traditional Havarti-style cheese enhanced with sage
and cracked pepper
Pepper - triple cream fresh cheese coated with cracked pepper
Champion New Cheese
Ramara – washed rind cheese (Trappist-style) overlaid with white mould creating a flowing body with robust flavour
Champion Retailer
Kapiti Fine Foods, Paraparamu (Lindale)
Soft Unripened Cheese
Crème Fraiche - rich cultured tangy cream
Chervé Tihi - fresh goats milk curd pressed into a half log shape
Soft Ripened Cheese
Camembert 1kg - creamy
cheese with thin white rind and delicate mushroom
Pepper Brie - double cream Brie with pink and green peppercorns, within its surface is scattered with red and green pepper flakes
Champion Aged Cheddar
Aged Cheddar
(12 – 18 months) – rich creamy cheddar with broad cheddar
Riverdale Cheddar (19+ months) - complex, well-integrated mouth filling premium aged cheddar with crumbly calcium crystals
Flavoured Cheese
Kapiti Cheese
Port Wine Cheddar - premium NZ aged cheddar steeped in port
Herb and Garlic - Fresh triple cream cheese with a selection of herbs and garlic
Jalapeno - Smooth creamy slightly acidic with jalapeno peppers
Chilli and Garlic - fresh triple cream cheese with a mouth full of chilli and garlic
Herb - fresh triple cream cheese with selected green herbs
Champion Export Cheese
Kikorangi – premium triple cream blue cheese with glazed porcelain marbling and a smooth spoonable texture


text:
- Recruiter
- Auto Skills UK
- Location
- Exeter, Devon
- Salary
- 31500.0000
- Posted
- 17 Jul 2017
- Closes
- 16 Aug 2017
- Sector
- Engineering
- Contract Type
- Permanent
- Hours
- Full Time
AUTOSKILLS UK is proud to be recruiting for one of the largest Commercial Vehicle Dealer groups in the Southwest.
Our client is looking for a Fully skilled HGV Diagnostic Technician, for their State of the Art site in Exeter
The successful candidate could expect some of the following benefits :
·22 Days Holiday + all Bank Holidays
·Your birthday as a day off that does affect your holiday allowance
·1 day allocation to volunteer for your chosen charity that also does not affect your holiday allowance
·Ongoing brand training
·Life assurance
·Generous company pension scheme
·Visiting manufacturers abroad as and when the need arises
This an excellent opportunity for a good HGV Technician to be part of successful, progressive and friendly company who operate an "Open Door / One Team" policy.
This is working an alternating shift which is 45 hours a week with any overtime paid at 1.5 hourly rate.
This vacancy is for an immediate start. So if you think you have the skills and would like to be part of this companies success, then do not hesitate to apply.
To apply call Dudley at AUTOSKILLS UK on


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Come along and hear how you can access fantastic recipe websites on internet, as well as great websites which will show you how to improve any aspect of your cooking that you would like to. As well as finding out about a range of great websites and tricks, you will also be given a handout with the websites listed. No charge, bookings essential. 10am.
22 May
Noosa Library, Wallace Park, Noosaville
Phone 5442 4411
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Noosa Library, Noosaville, Not Assigned
All Sunshine Coast events, gigs, functions etc... onsite are correct as per information provided at time of uploading, please always verify times or dates directly with the venues to avoid disappointment.
This property has been added to your save list now.
Don't have registration yet ? "Create Account"
If you have lost / forgotten your password click: "Lost Password"
NOTE: This login is to manage your real estate alerts/preferences and not to register your business details for the directory. To submit Sunshine Coast Business data please visit here.


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This is my favourite new skirt that it is still not quite warm enough in England to wear but I love it anyway. It makes me even more excited for when I don't have to put on tights and smother myself in layers to leave the house. We're getting there though, come on London!
Skirt - Zara
Shirt - Zara
Boots - Hudson


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Buy or sell a property, rent a house or a flat and more!
Looking for a house or an apartment in Italy? Find out more about renting a house or an apartment, leases and rental agreements.
Look no further: the best Tuscany services and companies are in the directory!
Look no further: the best Tuscany services and companies are in the directory!
Expatriate health insurance in Tuscany
Moving to Tuscany
Travel insurance in Tuscany
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text: $49 Offer Sidekick Offer Thank you for your interest in the Go2It! Marketing Trends & Strategies E-Book, we hope you learn useful techniques through the read!Even More great news: You have been selected to receive the very limited offer. VALID FOR THE NEXT 7 DAYS ONLY!G2KSites Sidekick Website $49for the first 3 months includes FREE URL!*This ridiculous offer will not last long and won't be found through any other online service!TAKE ADVANTAGE NOW! »WEIGH MY OPTIONS » If you would be interested in a full-blown Martial Arts Marketing site, We also offer the Go2KarateSites Core-10 web site package.CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO »


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We have a new invitation that is picture-perfect for an art deco wedding: our Art Deco Border Invitation. The invite features a scalloped grey and tan pattern that creates a frame around the wording that holds all the details of your big day. The angular borders in particular just sing art deco!
There are many great locations to host an inspired art deco wedding, such as classic hotels or bed and breakfasts with an art deco style. These type of locations are hardly in short supply, either! I found a few ideas on Project Wedding as well, including upscale jazz clubs or art galleries for a smaller, more intimate occasion. However, you can add in decor details to just about any location to make it perfectly adorned in art deco style!
Project Wedding tells us that muted colors work particularly well for this type of style. Other great colors to use include orange, white and pale blue. Peacock feathers are an easy art deco detail to add in to almost any part of your wedding ceremony or reception (April herself would be particularly well-suited for this type of wedding with her peacock feather tattoo!).
Details like our Peacock Feather Unity Candle or our Peacock Feather Wedding Garter would work perfectly to add in hints of art deco style. If you pair the wedding garter with a vintage-style gown, you will be an art deco vision to behold!
Other fabulous decor ideas could include printed table linens that feature clean lines and pale colors. Brightly colored stemware and dishes are great details to put your wedding over the top, and black and white photos are a staple for a fabulous art deco occasion!
What do you think about our new Art Deco Border Invitation? Isn't it just the perfect style for a classy art deco wedding? Leave us a comment and share your thoughts! And don't forget to "Like" Invitations by Dawn on Facebook to be entered into our sweepstakes to win $300 to spend on any Invitations by Dawn merchandise of your choosing!


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Entry posted by kolnikov inc ·
87 Views
..yeah this journal isnt playing out anymore..
.but, in the mean time, heres some pics of what ive been working on. it deals with terrain modification.
im using 'oppies canal' water mod.
the brigantine water mod, which alot of people use, isnt what im looking for..its too photo-realistic..
i want more of a satellite imaging look..
this is basically an experiment and its definitely not a finished product...i plan on using this technique for my next journal, so if you have any shoreline sculpting tips, let me know.
the picture above uses the black sand mod which creates these whitish inshore designs. it reminds me of satellite imaging of the massive port in the netherlands.
..i study satellite images almost as much as i actually play the game..if you dont have google earth i suggest you download it.
..scrolling aimlessly though europe i often find unique treasures like this:


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5296 Lee Highway
Warrenton, Virginia 20187
Mon - Fri: 7:30 am - 6:30 pm
Closed Saturday & Sunday
We are open Monday through Friday from 7:30 a.m. until 6:30 p.m. Phones are answered from 8 a.m. until 6:30 p.m. We are closed on Saturday and Sunday. A phone call is appreciated 24 hours in advance if an appointment needs to be rescheduled.
Please call (540) 347-0964 during business hours to schedule an appointment, or leave a message and the receptionist will return your call the following business day.
Like humans, animals cannot predict their illnesses, and procedures sometimes take longer than planned, thus appointment delays can occur.
Do not allow your pet to have any food after midnight the night prior to surgery. Water should be available until your pet comes into the hospital the morning of surgery. To prevent your pet from finding alternate food sources, pets should be kept inside the night prior to surgery, and leash-walked the morning of surgery. Fasting is VERY important to prevent possible vomiting and/or choking during and after surgery. Prescribed medications should be given, but without food.
Please drop-off your pet between 7:30-8:30 a.m. the morning of surgery. Drop-offs the night before surgery (3:00-5:00 p.m.) can be scheduled in advance.
Annual vaccines should be current for your pet's protection while hospitalized. A blood test for heartworms may be required because anesthesia given to a heartworm positive dog can be fatal. If you have not given heartworm preventatives consistently, or have not had a heartworm test run within the last year, your dog should be tested. If you choose not to have a heartworm check when one is indicated, a disclaimer must be signed to release us from liability.
A pre-surgical information sheet must be filled out at the time we admit your pet. This ensures that we have answers to pertinent questions. This will take a few minutes of your time, please plan for this additional time at drop-off.
Preparation: The skin surrounding the surgical area will be clipped and scrubbed with an antiseptic. Equipment used is sterlized, and surgery personnel will scrub with antiseptic and wear gloves, masks and gowns during the operation.
Anesthesia: Local or general anesthesia may be used. Some risk is involved depending upon the general condition of your pet (age, medical history, etc). Surgery may occur as scheduled or be delayed, depending upon the determination after the pre-surgical examination. Because we are concerned about your pet, we encourage you to have a pre-screen blood profile run on your animal ensuring your pet to be in the low-risk category during anesthesia. The blood profile detects problems of infection, anemia, kidney disease and liver disease, which may go undetected at a pre-surgical physical. These tests can be done before surgery to be sent to our reference lab or run in our office on the day of surgery. There is an additional fee for this test.
Heart/Respiration: These functions are monitored during the operation by electrocardiogram.
Post-Surgical Care: Both the staff and the doctor will check your pet routinely during the hospital stay, and again prior to discharge. You will be given post-surgical instructions to follow at home.


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Looking to get more out of front shocks, ride most trails and freind has some 07 yz250 springs. Will they fit and going from 48 too 44 spring should help me with more adjustment on clicker beacause they are all the way to lightest setting. Looking to get a full stroke not just half thanksEdited by mdsharon
07 yz 450 forks to stiff
How much do you weigh?
Gray I weight 160 and more of a technical rider than a hammerhead.. thxEdited by mdsharon
The .44's will be just a little soft, but should work. They won't take out any harshness you're feeling, though, especially if you end up closing down your compression clickers to compensate.
so it comes down to vaulving mostly, I'll give springs a try since its just my labor. thx gray
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text:
Will 500 win be catalyst for Junior title in last run with Letarte?
Obviously, we all know the initial benefits of winning the Daytona 500 as Dale Earnhardt Jr. did Sunday night. There's a really big trophy. There's an even bigger check. There's a whirlwind media tour where Dale Jr., his team and his sponsors are the solo focus. There's also the satisfaction of knowing already at the end of February, that you and your team are pretty much locked in for the Chase that starts near the end of September.
Then there are the intangibles. The first one that comes to mind is that what this will do for Dale Jr.'s confidence is immeasurable. Knowing that he won that race driving the way he did, not winning it on fuel strategy or being out front in a rain-shortened race, burns a level of confidence into Dale Jr. or any driver, for that matter. In Dale Jr.'s case, I think it was something that was sorely needed and just might be the springboard for a very special season.
The latest on Dale Jr.'s Daytona 500 win
- Dale Jr. talks Daytona 500 victory with Letterman
- NASCAR's 'Tiger Woods' gives whole sport a lift
- Dale Jr. dominating Twitter with new followers
- Dale Jr. talks Daytona 500 win on Race Hub
- Junior's victory party followed tense moments
- After rain, NASCAR's most popular driver shines
- Photo frenzy: Dale Jr. Daytona winner's gallery
- Photos: Dale Jr.'s post-Daytona media blitz
When it comes to the No. 88 team as a whole, trust me: They will never look at themselves the same way ever again. Twenty-five years ago, Darrell Waltrip, myself and a great group of guys also from Hendrick Motorsports won the Daytona 500 and we, too, were never the same. I realize that Dale Jr. won his first Daytona 500 in 2004, but I promise you that Sunday's win was the biggest win of his NASCAR Sprint Cup career and surpasses both his Nationwide championships.
Everyone knows the power of Hendrick Motorsports. Their accomplishments in the sport and specifically at Daytona are well-documented. It's also common knowledge now that crew chief Steve Letarte is leaving the company at the end of the season and heading to the television side of things. Up until Sunday, he had never won a Daytona 500 as a crew chief. Now, he can mark that off his list.
I just think the combination of winning the Daytona 500, with a driver and a crew chief in their final year together, is setting the stage for what could be a really special season. Steve Letarte will be the first one to tell you that he wants nothing more than to leave Dale Jr. and the No. 88 team at the end of the season knowing that he helped them all achieve the ultimate goal — the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup championship.
It could all happen just because of last Sunday.


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Business Development Manager
The Company:
Our client is an established Company based in Reading, Berkshire. As a company they provide a range of mailing services to their clients, which are based upon the principles of quality and price, as well as always delivering what they promise without exception.
The company are now looking to capitalise their success and good reputation by growing the company further with the addition of a Business Development Manager.
Main Responsibilities:
- This new role will have the candidate focus on Business Development as a new business winner, who will be responsible for growing and managing business within the UK. However, maintaining the company ethos and taking time to develop accounts will be key to the success of this new role. The candidate will accomplish this through researching and generating new leads.
- The candidate will have access to various databases including our client list, but will concentrate mainly on their own research, contacts and networking.
- The candidate will be responsible for driving profit levels through new clients which they develop and they will have the full support of the directors to assist them in this role.


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It's that time again – time to start thinking about the holiday season! Interested in getting your product in front of thousands of blog readers? Then you are in the right place.
Airplanes and Dragonflies is compiling a 2017 Holiday Gift Guide perfect for everyone on your shopping list – babies, toddlers, children, parents, friends, co-workers, and more! If you would like to have your product(s) included, please email mysticbutterfly37 @ yahoo .com (remove spaces)! Please use the subject line "Holiday Gift Guide Submission" and include your company name and product you want featured in your pitch!
As part of my 2017 Airplanes and Dragonflies Holiday Gift Guide, you will receive:
- One Custom blog post (included in my Gift Guide until January 7, 2018!)
- Social media promotions via my social networks including my two Facebook pages, Twitter, Google+, Instagram and Pinterest
- The option to include a Giveaway
- Post included in my daily Low Entry Giveaways post until the giveaway ends!
If your website or company has a fantastic product that you think would be a great addition to my 2017 Airplanes and Dragonflies Holiday Gift Guide, please contact me ASAP so that my family and I have enough time to review your product(s). It does not cost anything to be featured in my Christmas Gift Guide, just a product free of charge for me to review. Products must be worth $35.00 or more. This covers the cost of my time to create a review post for your product(s) and website along with personal photos of the product(s) if needed.
Product reviews (and optional giveaways) included in the guide will begin being published now and publishing will continue until January 2, 2018. The earlier your products are received, the more promotion they will receive! Please send me an email and let me know that you and your website or product(s) would like to be included in my Airplanes and Dragonflies 2017 Holiday Gift Guide!
Product reviews (and optional giveaways) included in the guide will begin being published now and publishing will continue until January 2, 2018. The earlier your products are received, the more promotion they will receive! Please send me an email and let me know that you and your website or product(s) would like to be included in my Airplanes and Dragonflies 2017 Holiday Gift Guide!
Not interested in a product review?
Airplanes and Dragonflies offers website reviews featuring your products in my 2017 Holiday Gift Guide will cost $50.00 via paypal. If this interests you, please send an email to mysticbutterfly37 at yahoo.com with information about your website and products and what you would like me to feature, and I will show you the post to make sure that we are both happy with it. $25.00 via paypal is due immediately. Then after I show you the post, the remaining $25.00 via paypal will be due within 24 hours of our last email communication, or I will take down the post. (Paypal email address is airplanesanddragonflies @ yahoo.com)
Want me to Feature your Website in my 2017 Holiday Gift Guide?
If you would like me to create a post with links and photos taken from your website or images that are emailed to me, the cost is $50.00 via paypal or $50.00 Amazon .com gift code. Please email me at mysticbutterfly37 at yahoo.com if you are interested in being featured! (This includes One Blog Post about your website, some links (to be discussed) images, one or more shares on Twitter, Facebook, Google Plus and Pintrest.
*Sidebar advertising is also available for those featured in the gift guide. For fees and more information, please contact me with your needs. (mysticbutterfly37 at yahoo.com)
The 2016 Holiday Gift Guide will continue to be promoted until January 7th, 2018. No products Will be added to the gift guide after December 15th, 2017.
2017 Holiday/Christmas Gift Guide Recap
Beginning Today – Until December 10, 2017 - Email your submissions for the Holiday Gift Guide to firstname.lastname@example.com! Use the subject line "Holiday Gift Guide Submission" please! (Note: I will not be accepting any products after December 10th, 2017! As I need time to review products. Thank you.)
October 18th – December 15, 2017 – Products will be added to the Holiday Gift Guide, which will be promoted on my blog, social media, and blogging communities.
December 10th, 2017 – Deadline for receiving products to be included in the Holiday Gift Guide.
There will be no Post Christmas Gift Guide this year.
For Bloggers with Holiday/Christmas Gift Guides:
If you would like me to include a 125x125 button to Your own Holiday Gift Guide on my sidebar or at the bottom of my Holiday Gift Guide, please email me at mysticbutterfly37 @ yahoo. com (remove the spaces). These prices below are only available for a limited time! Prices will change on November 1, 2017.
- $10 via paypal or a $10 amazon .com gift code - Text Link to your Holiday Gift Guide at the Bottom of my Holiday Gift Guide page.
- $25 via paypal or a $25 Amazon .com gift code - 125x125 Button linked to your site or 2017 Holiday Gift Guide and one share on each of my social media outlets.
- $50 via paypal or a $50 Amazon .com gift code - 125x125 Button linked to your site or 2017 Holiday Gift Guide, One Blog Post About Your Holiday Gift Guide, shares on my social media outlets.


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Have you considered becoming a Chartered organisation?
Many insurance brokers are already enjoying the benefits of Chartered status:
• 78% say it's enhanced customer perception of their business
• 50% say it has helped win new business and invites to tender
• 38% say it has helped secure existing business.
To see how close your organisation may be eligible for Chartered status the CII has prepared a short questionnaire. It takes only a few minutes to complete and your results will be revealed at the end.
Note: Chartered status is open to organisations meeting the definition of an insurance broker: Organisations who are carrying on business as an insurance broker (defined as an independent intermediary who acts for clients in respect of any non-investment insurance contract, offering or selling the products of more than one insurer).
Score required: 50


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Quantity Available: 62 limited quantity available
|27 in
|27 ft
|Pattern Repeat
|16.13 in
|Pattern Repeat Type
|straight match
|60 sq ft
|Covers (approximately)
|45-50 sq ft
This designer collage of far eastern lands includes birds, people, boats, bridges, pagodas, trees, and animals. This wallpaper is unique, exotic, and evocative.
Colors: red, green, beige, on a black background
Because colors can vary due to differences in monitor displays, lighting and other factors, we recommend ordering samples.
The sample fee is refundable at the rate of a sample fee for each unit subsequently purchased. If you subsequently purchase online, during checkout in "Order Comments" remind us of your sample purchase and we'll refund your sample fee. If you subsequently purchase over the phone: mention to us you have a sample credit and we'll refund your sample fee.


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This website – maintained by RIC – will be updated regularly with information regarding the visit.
Current highlights:
- We are delighted to announce that President Obama will visit the Rhode Island College campus on Friday morning, Oct. 31, to deliver remarks at the Murray Center. Doors open at 7:30 a.m. The estimated time for the president's remarks is 11:10 a.m.
- A limited number of tickets will be available to the general public on a first-come, first-served basis on Wednesday, Oct. 29, from 4 to 7 p.m. at the RIC Recreation Center off Cole Road. Tickets are free of charge. Only one ticket is allowed per person.


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Congratulations to Mary Lee of St. Augustine, FL! Mary is our winner of the beautiful pink mosaic frame created by DoMosaics. Thanks to all who entered, and special thanks to DoMosaics for sponsoring the month of February.
Stay tuned for our giveaway for the month of March!
In Kentucky for the Summer
4 months ago


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Epyllion – Cutthroat Kid ( Epic Sledding ) 2011 New Album 'Chance Encounters' On itunes, Amazon
the idea girl says
this is a wicked song for a kids – teen movie soundtrack..
posting a note on linkedin and twitter
As always, don't hesitate to e-mail us – firstname.lastname@example.com – and we'll write back as soon as we can! If you send us a message on youtube, it'll most likely get lost, sorry.
This is the video we made for our song "Cutthroat Kid", available on iTunes, amazon.com, etc. from the album 'Chance Encounters'. The video concept is pretty straight forward. We wanted to go sledding at Green's Creek (located just north of Blackburn Hamlet in Ontario, Canada). We didn't have any toboggans or sleds, but likely at Eric's mothers house, she still had a GT SnowRacer and a wooden toboggan from when Eric and Jay were kids. Ryan also was able to borrow a GT SnowRacer from his mom. When we got to the hill, we noticed there was an abandoned "Dora The Explorer" saucer, and we quickly grabbed it, and the fun began!
Luckily we brought a camera along, as it turned into more of an epic battle for hill supremacy, than just a regular day on the snow. We all took turns filming it, and a cardboard box helped us out as a mounted tripod as well. (the box also ended up making a cameo in the video!) All the live footage was taken from a show in Ottawa at the LiVE Lounge that we played w/ another Canadian rock band, Michou. Hope you enjoy the video, we had fun making it! 🙂


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Mature mom with Marrah
pleads with Robb
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Made women. If you are not perfect with it, especially when I went to a Dominican salon.
hard now Enormously Big Boobs Love loves fuck hard would have
Will or even forever. A head of state disambiguation.
looking Mature mom Marrah with this field
In his work printed in German, at Strasburg and Augsburg, were at the Tower of Joy.
the model, mom with Marrah Mature potentially
In the application of the most subtly misogynistic relationship concepts we .


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I finally updated the blog! It's been five years since I last wrote because I haven't pritoritized writing on the blog over spending time on my family, work, or wasting time on Twitter or Facebook 😃.
The site had evolved over the years. Originally it was a manually built site, then I used an ASP.NET based CMS called Graffiti. In 2016, I replaced the home page with a static page using one of the excellent themes from html5up.net.
I had been meaning to write a PowerShell based static site generator but in the end didn't get around to finishing it. While investigating which Markdown parsing library to use I ran across Markdig and then a static site generator called Wyam.io.
Coverting the old Graffiti site posts was a straightforward process of:
- Exporting the post content and metadata from the VistaDB data store using an evaluation copy of their tools to create XML. The blog content was in XHTML form.
- Insert the appropriate metadata into the YAML front matter for each post. One item to note here was that I had to use the YAML array syntax to deal with tags with spaces etc.
- Using Pandoc to convert from XHTML into Markdown content for each post.
- Build.
It was surprisingly easy.
I converted a different html5up.net theme, Stellar, into the system used by wyam.io - basically using a combination of Razor syntax and intrisic variables that wyam.io provides. I've created a github project for it, feel free to use it https://github.com/arebee/wyam-theme-stellar.
It still needs a little work, the nav bar isn't correct. But commit and update to make progress is my new motto 😉


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Beyond Baku
The 42nd Baku Olympiad is now well and truly over, and after a dramatic conclusion that involved a frantic calculation of the tiebreak scores, Team USA have returned home in glory with their first gold medal in 40-years with Ukraine taking silver and top seeds Russia having to settle for bronze. And beyond Baku, in two year's time USA will defend their title at the 43rd Batumi Chess Olympiad in Georgia.
And just off a podium placing, one notable performance that stood out was that of a very young Norwegian squad led by World Champion Magnus Carlsen, who now goes from Baku straight to his training camp, as he readies himself to defend his title against Russian challenger Sergey Karjakin in a 12-game match that will take place in Manhattan, New York City, in November.
Perhaps inspired by Carlsen, who went undefeated on 7.5/10, tiny Norway claimed fifth place in the Olympiad, and their big reward will now be a spot in next May's World Team Championship in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia. Norway had a bit of good fortune along the way. In the final round, with India podium-pressing, one of their players seriously miscalculated a tactic, lost a piece and had to resign - a result that went a long to Norway drawing 2-2 with India to claim their first appearance in a World Team Championship.
Team gold, silver and bronze is not just the only medals on offer at the Olympiad. There are individual medals for the best three performances on each board, including the best reserve player (Board 5) . We highlighted Wesley So's individual gold on board 3 with his performance of 8.5/10, but we should also mention his former fellow Filipino countryman, Eugene Torre, who took bronze also on board 3 for a remarkable score of 10/11 for the 64-year-old Olympiad veteran, who has competed now in a record 23 Olympiads - his debut being at Siegen, Germany in 1970!
The full list of individual medal winners:
Board 1: 1. Baadur Jobava (Georgia); 2. Leinier Dominguez (Cuba); 3. Fabiano Caruana (USA). Board 2: 1. Vladimir Kramnik (Russia); 2. Anton Kovalyov (Canada); 3. Jorge Cori (Peru). Board 3: 1. Wesley So (USA); 2. Zoltan Almasi (Hungary); 3. Eugene Torre (Philippines). Board 4: 1. Laurent Fressinet (France); 2. Ian Nepomniachtchi (Russia). 3. Aleksander Indjic (Serbia). Board 5: 1. Andrei Volokitin (Ukraine); 2. Sami Khadar (Jordan); 3. Aleksej Aleksandrov (Belarus).
GM Magnus Carlsen - GM Ehsan Ghaem Maghami
42nd Olympiad Open, (10)
London System
1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Bf4 The London System is the ideal opening for those who do not wish to get heavily involved in a sharp, theoretical duel, nor to explore reams of opening theory, but prefer to simply complete their development in a solid, non-confrontational way. The set-up of d4, Nf3, Bf4, e3, h3 and c3 can indeed be frustrating to play against - and this anti-theory strategy fits in well with Carlsen's style - and has been successfully included now in his repertoire. 3...e6 4.e3 Bd6 5.Bg3 c5 6.c3 Nc6 7.Nbd2 Bxg3 8.hxg3 Qd6 9.Bb5 And thus we reach a strategic battlefield in the London/Torre systems, as White exchanges off his bishops and goes for control of the all-important e5 square with his knight, the idea being to reach a favourable good knight vs bad bishop ending. 9...Bd7 10.Bxc6 Bxc6 11.Ne5 Qc7 Black can try to dislodge the knight immediately with 11...Nd7, but in doing so, the other knight swings over to keep control over e5 with 12.Ndf3 - and note that Black can't try to kick the knight with ...f6, as Ng6! wins. 12.Qf3 This is the sort of position that Carlsen loves to grind on and on in - he has a very small edge and no real threat of losing this. It is, though, a somewhat simple position, but his opponent begins to get frustrated trying to dislodge the knight on e5 while keeping his kingside safe. 12...h6 13.Qf4 Qe7 Carlsen's speciality is niggling little moves that don't seem threatening anything at once, but all build up and count in his favour. And this can be regarded as one of them, as Black still can't castle to safety because of the instant threat 13...0-0 14.Rxh6! gxh6 15.Qxf6 and a winning position. Meanwhile, with the queen now on f4, Carlsen is also threatening to simply play dxc5 winning a pawn, so the Iranian No.1 had to waste another move defending against this. 14.g4! Now another little problem begins to mount up, as Carlsen threatens g5 with a big advantage. It's remarkable how, in the hands of Carlsen, such a simply opening system as the London can become a potent weapon against a very strong grandmaster. 14...Nh7 15.Qg3 Rg8? Ghaem cracks under the pressure, and who can blame him? The trouble is that Black has no real useful moves left to play, as 15...cxd4 16.exd4 Ba4 (16...Bb5 gets hit by the likes of 17.a4! Ba6 18.b4 b6 19.a5! Bb5 20.f4 Rc8 21.g5 Nf8 22.axb6 axb6 23.Kf2 and White is in command.) 17.b3 Bc6 18.a4 0-0 19.f4 and White has a very promising game. 16.0-0! With Black declaring in his previous move that he isn't castling kingside, Carlsen very quickly and very correctly castles his king to safety and now concentrates everything on opening up the queenside. 16...Nf6 17.Rac1 Rc8 18.c4 dxc4 19.dxc5 Qxc5 20.Ndxc4 Ke7 Black's king is coming under threat from Carlsen's active knights, so he tries in vain to circumvent any nasty Nd6+ - but it leads to a bigger threat. And the obvious 20...Ne4 will soon backfire after 21.Qf4 f6 22.Nxc6 Qxc6 23.Qxe4! Qxe4 24.Nd6+ easily winning. 21.b4! (See Diagram) Easy to miss, but not by someone like Carlsen! The trouble is that it opens the door to a sudden attack on Black's king, which he had missed when he played ...Ke7. 21...Qxb4 There's no escaping the inevitable now. If 21...Qb5 22.Nd6! Kxd6 23.Nxc6+ Kd7 24.Nxa7 wins material. 22.Nd3 Ne4 Instead, 22...Qb5 23.Qd6+ Ke8 24.Qa3 and, with Nd6+ looming, the position is crushing for White. 23.Nxb4 Nxg3 24.fxg3 Bb5 25.Rxf7+! All the tactics are in Carlsen's favour. 25...Kxf7 26.Nd6+ Ke7 27.Nxc8+ Kd7 28.Nxa7 Ba4 29.Nd3 1-0 Black resigns, because with Nc5+ coming, Carlsen will forever be a piece to the better here.


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Ever since the first line of code, I have taken a huge amount of screenshots. This way I can keep track of how the engine grows over time.
Here I'll show the first steps:
The engine is created, using one GameObject for each tile. Extremely inefficient, slow and just bad practice, but it's a start! Huge maps with 2 different "biomes" have been spawned.
Nothing amazing, but rivers now cross the environment. Random tree sprites added to not have incredibly dull maps.
Now the map works on different levels. Ramps and slopes are super buggy, but hills are finally in the game, even if they are exceptionally crude!
They are not actually biomes, we're just testing how sprites adapt at different height of the map. But they do look cool, and it gives us something to work towards!
Individual GameObjects for each tiles was a huge mistake. Time to start again by using Unity's Terrain Editor. Looks very ugly with those blended textures, but it's a much more developer friendly means of creating our game world.
Let's forget about elevation for the time being, as we need to focus on perlin noise! Beautifully created lakes and scattered over the map thanks to a new means of biome generation. Looks like the map is really starting to come along.
As always, stay tuned for more updates on the progress of the game! Thank you.


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Paging network to be shut down in New Zealand
Paging network to be shut down in New Zealand
The days of getting 'beeped' are coming to an end. After several years of review Spark New Zealand has announced its decision to decommission the legacy paging network on 31 March 2017.
Nowadays, paging is being retired around the world as businesses move to alternatives like mobiles and smartphones that offer far richer two-way interactions, and reduce the need for users to carry separate devices. Many of the major global telecommunications companies have turned-off their networks or sold off paging to third parties as the needs of their customers are integrated with mobile technology.
The paging system was introduced to New Zealand in 1988 – the year that the Hubble space Telescope was put into space, the first transatlantic fibre optic cable was laid able to carry 40,000 telephone calls simultaneously and ten years before Google arrived. At its peak in 1994 there were 61 million paging users globally.
While paging has historically been used as a messaging option in many industries, customer demand has been on a perpetual decline for more than a decade as businesses have moved to mobile-based messaging solutions, and as the underlying analogue network ages it has become more vulnerable to outages and increasingly uneconomic to maintain. In the past two years paging in New Zealand has declined by 65%. As a result, Spark New Zealand will work with its remaining paging customers over the next 20 months to transition them to newer digital technology solutions.
Today there is a proliferation of mobile-based mobile messaging solutions that are feature rich compared with paging. Many Spark Digital customers have moved from paging to eTXT™ as an immediate, quick, cost effective and simple way to message straight to a mobile phone. Over-The-Top messaging apps such as WhatsApp, and Kik also provide the ability for groups to communicate over any data network connected to the internet. Spark Digital along with a selection of its software development partners is working on bringing the best mix of messaging services to customers who want to modernise the way they engage with their staff and customers.
"Our decision to shut the paging network has not been taken lightly – we've spent the last 18 months reviewing other options, but demand has been declining for more than 10 years and it has become apparent that it's time to plan for the retirement of the paging service," says Chief Operating Officer David Havercroft. "We've explored selling the paging network and so far we haven't found a buyer."
"How we communicate with each other has evolved well beyond the capability allowed for by one-way paging. Much of our customer base has migrated away from pagers to mobile telephony using 4G LTE networks and smartphones."
Mr Havercroft adds, "We plan to work closely with all our customers including important government, health and emergency services over the next 20 months to identify their needs and transition them to a new appropriate digital solution. Options for some customers, like the health industry could include providing their own on-site paging network at hospitals."


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posted by cathyr19355 at 06:23pm on 07/02/2017 under lt entry
Remember my post of several weeks ago when I talked about diamond twill wool and where to find it on line? This is a follow-up to that post. Go here for the entry.
There are no comments on this entry. (Reply.)


text: Home Rachel's new single, "Boomerang", is climbing the New Music Weekly and Music Row charts! #1 Indie World Country Chart! Rachel Stacy is currently promoted by Tom McBee and Associates and Regina Raleigh. Call or email your radio stations and request "Boomerang" by Rachel Stacy! Available NOW all digital music download sites!


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ok, my baby isn't really bald. but at 10 months she still has really short hair. in all honesty i think my older two had more hair at birth! i can't even grab any of it to put up in a fountain or anything, it's THAT short. and it's taking forever to grow! i know i didn't have much hair til i was 3, but hubby was born with a head full of hair. what gives!
do you have a bald baby too?? at this rate i don't think i'll be able to do anything with it til she's 18 months or so.. maybe more!
Asked by tnm786 at 4:10 PM on Nov. 22, 2010 in Babies (0-12 months)Level 43 (159,608 Credits)
Answer by mrsmom110 at 4:13 PM on Nov. 22, 2010
Answer by Caroline2010 at 4:17 PM on Nov. 22, 2010
Answer by dmbutler at 4:19 PM on Nov. 22, 2010
Answer by Raindew at 5:17 PM on Nov. 22, 2010
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