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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
That's a good point, Truck_Roy, about fate, and "marching toward the inevitable." In fact, Queen Gertrude comments on that concept, in her "Guilt" speech near the beginning of Scene 16 (Act 4 scene 5.) In that speech, Gertrude will say.....
"Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss,"
A "toy" in that usage is an idea, something the mind plays with. A mental toy is a thought you juggle in your mind. Gertrude says that no matter what idea she considers, it seems to lead to some great amiss, i.e. disaster. In other words, everything's going wrong, with no way to avoid the inevitable. Queen Gertrude sees it the same way you do.
Continuing with the dialogue.....
(Francisco exits)
Marcellus: Holla, Barnardo.
Barnardo: Say . . . what, is Horatio there?
Horatio: A piece of him.
Having learned from Francisco that Barnardo is indeed on duty, as he's supposed to be, Marcellus calls out a 'hello' to Barnardo as he and Horatio approach.
The same as earlier, when he saw the human shape of Francisco in the darkness, Barnardo now sees a human shape near Marcellus. Barnardo worries about the Ghost again, for a moment. His "Say..." means, "Uh, say, Marcellus, there's a human shape right beside you." However, Barnardo quickly realizes that it must be Horatio, and he asks, to make sure.
Horatio speaks, and confirms to Barnardo that it's him. The way Horatio identifies himself is very ironic, however. A ghost could be described as a piece of a person: only the spirit, and not the whole man. Barnardo was worried for a moment that Horatio might be the Ghost, and when Horatio speaks, he inadvertently identifies himself in a way that the Ghost could be described. The Horatio character, himself, didn't mean to do that. It's intentional irony from Shakespeare to his audience, and nicely done. Shakespeare had Horatio speak, meaning it's not the Ghost, but using language that could describe the Ghost.
We've learned from Francisco that it's a bitter cold night. So in modern vernacular, what the Horatio character himself means is: "Yes, I'm here, but it's only part of me, because I think I froze my butt off."
Bar: Welcome, Horatio; welcome, good Marcellus.
Hora: What, has this thing appeared again tonight?
There's a small difference in how Barnardo greets the two. He uses "good" for Marcellus. It implies that Marcellus is of higher rank than Barnardo. The word "good" was used at that time, in a title of address, to show respect. The phrase "good my lord" appears several times in the play, used as a respectful address. Marcellus is a good man, but Barnardo isn't using "good" because of that, he's using it as a term of address. "Good" in this case is similar to using "dear" when you write "Dear sir" in a letter - a conventional type of address. There's no difference in how pleased Barnardo is to have both Horatio and Marcellus as company.
Horatio asks if the Ghost has already appeared. His motivation, for asking right away, is that if he's missed the Ghost, he can leave and go home to a warm fire. Horatio is sceptical that he's going to see anything much, so it would be fine with him if he could simply turn around and leave.
(A 'scholarly' note about the playtext, if I may -- You can find 'Hamlet' texts, in modern printings, where Horatio's line, asking if the Ghost has already appeared, is given to Marcellus, instead. Those texts are following the First Folio version of the play. In the Second Quarto publication of 'Hamlet', printed in 1604-1605 (when Shakespeare was alive,) the line is Horatio's line. The First Folio printing of 1623 (after Shakespeare died) gives the line to Marcellus. The First Folio probably has a misprint there, and later texts that follow the Folio are probably wrong. Character knowledge and motivation firmly support the Second Quarto in giving the line to Horatio, because: 1. Horatio is not a military man on duty, so if he's missed the Ghost he can leave and go home to a warm fire, and he'd like that, and 2. Marcellus saw the Ghost on the earlier night, so he knows that it's been appearing later; he wouldn't expect that it's already appeared. Besides, if Marcellus really thought the Ghost might have appeared earlier, he would have asked Francisco. All in all, the Second Quarto, from Shakespeare's lifetime, is quite strong in giving the line to Horatio, and that's probably the way Shakespeare had it. If you see a 'Hamlet' playtext where the line is given to Marcellus, it's a mistake that comes from a misprint in the First Folio.)
By the way, you may see some commentary on 'Hamlet', and even see some performances, where the men shake hands, or there's a commentary note which says they do. That's wrong. For one thing, Barnardo and Marcellus are military personnel, who would salute - not shake hands - if they do anything more than nod. Also, there's the known military threat from Fortinbras, so the men will probably keep their weapons firmly in hand, and not even salute, only nod. They're not going to shake hands, as if they were meeting an old acquaintance at a restaurant.
Hora: What, has this thing appeared again tonight?
Bar: I have seen nothing.
Horatio asked about "this thing," and Barnardo replies he's seen "nothing," i.e. "no thing." Barnardo simply means "nothing," but Shakespeare phrased the lines so it works as "no thing." It's a bit of subtle "thing" wordplay from Shakespeare, and there's more "thing" wordplay we'll see later in the play. Horatio calls the Ghost a "thing" because, although he knows what they told him, he doesn't really believe it, and he doesn't know what to expect. Additionally, the use of "thing" creates doubt for the audience, since if the Ghost actually were a "thing", it wouldn't be human.
Marc: Horatio says 'tis but our fantasy,
And will not let belief take hold of him
Touching this dreaded sight twice seen of us;
Therefore, I have entreated him along,
With us, to watch the minutes of this night,
That if again this apparition come
He may approve our eyes, and speak to it.
Hora: Tush, tush, 'twill not appear.
Marcellus mentions how sceptical Horatio is, and then reveals he's the one who invited Horatio, and is taking responsibility for Horatio's presence. This gives us a strong hint of Marcellus's rank: he's probably a captain of the guard. Further on that, at the end of this Scene, Marcellus will say he knows where Hamlet is. A way he would know that, is if he knows the guard duty assignments for the royal family. So it looks as if Marcellus is a captain of the guard, who knows the various guard duty assignments at the castle, and who can also take responsibility for a civilian, Horatio, being here at a military guard station. One of the ordinary sentinels couldn't invite a civilian to a military guard post; he wouldn't have the authority. (The military caught on a long time ago that if ordinary sentinels have authority to invite civilians along, they'll invite their girlfriends; and so much for guard duty.)
That gives us Marcellus as the captain of the guard, with Francisco and Barnardo as ordinary sentinels. They might be corporals. A soldier whose rank was equivalent to a modern sergeant would probably not be assigned to lonely, solitary guard duty at night. A sergeant, or above, could probably get out of it. Francisco and Barnardo are of high enough rank to be considered trustworthy, but on the other hand, they're not of high enough rank to get out of this guard duty. So it looks like they'd be corporals, in modern terms.
Trying to pin down the soldier's ranks is not an idle exercise, because it relates directly to costuming for the play (a point which Shakespeare would certainly have taken into account.) A captain has nicer armor and weaponry than a corporal. We picture Marcellus wearing a breastplate, and one of the better styles of helmet, befitting a captain. He may be carrying the regular sentinel weapon, which we'll learn is a partizan, but in addition he'll have a good sword, or axe, as a sidearm. Francisco and Barnardo would probably have chain mail vests, instead of the breastplate, and simpler 'brain bucket' type helmets. They probably won't have heavy sidearms, but will have daggers.
In the flow of events, what's apparently happened, is that first Barnardo saw the Ghost, two nights ago, when he was on his regular sentinel duty. He immediately reported it to his captain, Marcellus. Marcellus would have been sceptical and suspicious at first, but he checked, and he saw the Ghost, too.
Horatio has made the acquaintance of Marcellus, somehow, earlier. Or Horatio met Barnardo, who then introduced him to Marcellus; either way. It could be they simply met at a pub in the local town, and spent some time talking, when Marcellus was off duty. It doesn't seem necessary to worry about exactly how Horatio made the acquaintance. Horatio has been in the area for about two months, as we'll find out later, and the local town isn't very large. There would have been plenty of opportunity for Horatio to cross paths with the soldiers from the castle. The town probably has only a couple of inns, or pubs, and it has a market square. (The local town of Elsinore is based on the real town of Helsingor, which was historically a fishing village, and a market town, with a modest harbor; Elsinore town is not a large city.)
(More to follow.....)
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
the identities are continuing all over the place - we march towards something - that is amiss. And as usual the condemned, base, or common are quite unaware of the hand of destiny while the wise and true are - and this shows itself most in awareness of time - see Henry the IVs use of Francis and also King Lear (whole play) - or really any play - those who are right are aware of the time - not just of the day - and also good at keeping it. This can be extended to seasons and even into being aware that time passes and our 'time' is finite and set. Or through hamlet's eyes - if you know you are going to die in a few decades anyway you might as well avenge your father etc - because death or eternity or what have you is eternal - and a ghost appearing only seems to emphasize that.
Another problem that indicates a lack of wisdom or correct attitude is miscommunication - see Falstaff "He spoke well but I marked him not." Or as Hotspur is told "You listne to all but what you should." Both are likeable characters - but they just arent always right - so people who dotn listen - give away phrases like "speak again' or 'i marked him not' let you know these people are doing/ thinkign soemthign wrong - not bad, just wrong.
ok thats my two cents - fie on this quiet life.
(ps are you really going to do this by three line posts?!)
(pps shakespeare never served in any army either - the closest he got was one arrest and some minor political machinations through his mother's connections - but i always agree with the 'guys ribbing each other' interpretations - universal and often ignored)
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
A fairly popular work of gossip referenced even in Washingon Irving's work - i was referring to the 'poaching incident' involving Sit Thomas Lucy, supposedly. Of course the Lucy and non canon 'verses' seem to become more distanced and less plausible, but it's a common take on Justice Shallow put forward by both Davies and Rowe. It was given as a reason for leaving to London - of course 'arrested', not imprisoned.
It is speculation but I was pointing out that the 'guy' interpretation is spot on, but the 'military' may get too far off of his intent - he clearly was not concerned with accurate military procedure - as can be seen in Henry the V. Shakespeare seems to be willign to alter many historical facts or realities for the sake of his artistic vision.
ps i fully support the line by line analysis- I'm just surprised you are doing it - now that is dedication.
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
Edit to add -- 'Hamlet' contains something interesting on all that. After the 'Mousetrap' play, when Hamlet is talking to Horatio, Hamlet speaks of his writing earning him a share in a company of players. It's conceivable that's an autobiographical touch. It would give Shakespeare going to London, not to flee poaching, but because he had some writing that he thought would interest a playing company. It's nothing but another big "maybe," in relation to Shakespeare's bio, but it's intriguing for Hamlet to say that.
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
It is - and so refreshing to discuss the bard and not mention gays or jews - ok - line please!
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
A character note about Horatio -- he's correctly cast as a tall, strong fellow, who fits in with the soldiers. There are several reasons for envisioning him that way. It accounts for his acceptance by the soldiers: even tho he isn't a soldier, they recognize him as one of their 'type,' so Marcellus invites him along without worrying about it. Then, there's a point in the play where it makes a definite, practical difference. Before the 'Mousetrap' play, Hamlet and Horatio talk, and Horatio promises that he'll nab Claudius if Claudius tries to sneak out during the play. For that promise to be credible, as the audience sees it, Horatio has to look like he could really do it. He has to look like he could manhandle Claudius, and wrestle him to the ground, if necessary. (Horatio won't have to carry through on his promise to nab Claudius, as it turns out, but still, he's serious when he says it, and it has to be done so the audience takes it seriously.) Other things in the play also indicate Horatio as a 'soldier' or 'warrior' type, even tho he's a university student. Horatio isn't as handsome as Hamlet - the hero gets to be the handsome guy, of course - but Horatio is an inch taller, let's say, with a heavier, stronger build, and he's more rugged looking than Hamlet. 'Hamlet' performances are often cast so that Horatio is smaller than Hamlet, but that doesn't work properly for the play. Horatio is a large, sturdy fellow.
Continuing, with a little more discussion of the same part of the dialogue.....
Marc: Horatio says 'tis but our fantasy,
And will not let belief take hold of him
Touching this dreaded sight twice seen of us;
Therefore, I have entreated him along,
With us, to watch the minutes of this night,
That if again this apparition come
He may approve our eyes, and speak to it.
Hora: Tush, tush, 'twill not appear.
The idea of 'belief taking hold' of someone is notable. It's an old idea, that a belief, or a concept, or an idea, will "grab" somebody. People still say things like, "it was a gripping performance." It's an analogy between the mental and the physical, as if mental experiences were like being physically seized. Marcellus and Barnardo have been "grabbed" by the Ghost, but Horatio hasn't been "grabbed" - yet!
The word "minutes" is intentionally ambiguous from Shakespeare. It refers both to the time going by, and also to any small thing that might happen (like seeing a mouse, as Francisco mentioned.) It's both the noun, minute, meaning a division of an hour, and also the adjective, minute (pronounced differently,) that refers to a little thing. It's both words at once, intentionally written to be.
There are many places in 'Hamlet' where Shakespeare got double duty out of a word or phrase, and sometimes an entire line. He did it for a "madness" effect on his audience, in accordance with the Madness theme. As you try to pin down a definite answer to something that's intentionally ambiguous, it makes your head spin a little, and you get to personally feel "mad," just a bit.
You might think, "well, I'm sure Marcellus means 'clock minutes' -- but then, it could possibly mean 'small things,' and maybe Shakespeare wrote it to really mean 'small things,' -- but no, it looks like 'clock minutes' to me, so... uh..." To appreciate the writing, and not go "mad" yourself you have to realize what's going on. There's intentional ambiguity. Marcellus, himself, does mean clock minutes, so that's the primary meaning. Then, Shakespeare intentionally wrote it, using the ambiguity of English, so that "minutes" can allude to "small things," as well, to give a secondary meaning. Or, maybe "small things" is what Marcellus really means, and then clock minutes is the seconary meaning. But no, he must mean clock minutes, primarily, and then.... hm.
The point being, the play is written to contain a great deal of ambiguity, intentionally. So, be aware of that. Marcellus's word "minutes" is only one minor, weak instance. In other places, the intentional ambiguity is far more powerful, and ambiguity even affects the flow of major events in the play, when the characters, themselves, misunderstand each other.
Marcellus's phrase "seen of us" is somewhat the same thing, and with a little extra. That word "of" basically means "by," but at first glance it's uncertain, ambiguous. Further, the preposition "of" is a very familiar word to any English speaker. We see and hear the word "of" all the time. It's like an old friend you meet every day. But here, used the way Shakespeare did, it's strange. An "old friend" suddenly is a "stranger." That's an intentional effect. There are numerous instances where Shakespeare used our "old friend" English pronouns in a strange way, to make it odd, and draw us into the "madness" of the play. And we wonder, "who's there" - is it the same, friendly old "of," or is it a stranger?
That's what real writing genius can do. Any hack author could just write, explicitly, that a person is crazy, or a situation is crazy. Yawn. But Shakespeare could make a reader feel it, at least a little. You see Marcellus's phrase "seen of us," and you wonder -- "That doesn't look right. Am I seeing correctly?" And that's exactly what the men are wondering when they see the Ghost -- "Am I seeing correctly?"
Marcellus mentions Horatio speaking to the Ghost because the Elizabethans had the idea that it was dangerous to speak to a ghost, or even to be near one. Horatio is a university-educated man, which was rare in those days, and he knows Latin, the language of the church. So they're hoping he can handle speaking to the Ghost. The sentinels themselves had no idea what to say to the Ghost, or even if they should try talking to it.
Horatio's "Tush, tush" is equivalent to a modern remark of "nonsense!" He doesn't believe there's any ghost.
Bar: Sit down a while
And let us, once again, assail your ears
That are so fortified against our story,
What we have two nights seen.
Hora: Well, sit we down,
And let us hear Barnardo speak of this.
(Horatio sits on a cannon;
Marcellus and Barnardo remain standing)
The idea of Horatio's ears being "fortified" relates to the castle that the men are guarding. Barnardo is using language drawn from his sentinel duty.
The scene is universally played so that all three of them sit down, but I now believe that's wrong. Barnardo is inviting Horatio to sit, since he's the "guest." Barnardo and Marcellus remain standing, because they're military men on duty, as we know.
Taking Horatio's "we" literally would mean they all sit. However, I don't think it's literal, instead, I believe it's a facetious "royal" we - the kind of "we" a king would use when he means "me." There are other places in 'Hamlet' where the royal "we" is used facetiously, (by both Hamlet and Ophelia,) and the same appears to be happening here with Horatio.
Horatio means they're treating him like royalty, by letting him sit while they stand, so he humorously uses the royal "we," the way a king would. His use of "us" is similarly facetious, and "royal." They've told Horatio that the Ghost looks like the former King, so here, when they treat Horatio, himself, "like a king" by having him sit while they stand, he good-naturedly uses kingly language. In a very clever, subtle way, he's saying, "hey, is this thing that you've seen supposed to be the King, or is it me? Well, since I'm the one you're treating like the king, I'll use the royal language." Horatio is humorously being "kingly," and is granting them an "audience," so to speak.
So, Horatio's "we" is not literal, it's facetious, which means that only Horatio sits. Shakespeare was being far more clever than just using a literal "we" in the dialogue.
I specify a cannon in the stage direction because, well, what else will there be to sit on, at this military location? There won't be a sofa and recliners, or a chaise lounge. Having Horatio sit on the ground is out of the question, because of the excessive difference in height it would create, with Marcellus and Barnardo standing. Especially, cannon fire will be prominent later, on the following night, when Claudius will have the cannons firing during a rouse. It's entirely appropriate for the audience to see a cannon here, leading up to hearing the cannons later. Thus, Horatio sits on the carriage or wheel of a cannon. A simple bench could be used on stage, if the playing company can't come up with a cannon, or something that looks like a cannon. However, that would deprive the audience of the visual experience of seeing a cannon, and theater is necessarily visual. It's unknown how Shakespeare staged the play, but the audience does need to see a cannon at some point, and the best place for that is here. In the "theater of the mind," that we visualize as we read the play, Horatio sits on a cannon.
(More to follow.....)
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
Barnardo: Last night of all,
When yond same star that's westward from the pole,
Had made his course t'illume that part of heaven
Where now it burns, Marcellus and myself,
The bell then beating one . . .
(the Ghost enters)
"Last night of all" simply means "last night," as Barnardo intends it. The phrase can be understood as "last night, of all nights." Shakespeare's phrasing is ominous, however. Literally, the "last night of all" would be at the end of time. Or, for a person, the "last night of all" would be when he's about to die. So the phrasing gives a death undertone leading up to the Ghost.
"Pole" means the North Star, Polaris. The star, that Barnardo is pointing to, could be Capella. Shakespeare wasn't doing astronomy in mentioning the star, he was providing symbolism for the play. But Shakespeare did know some astronomy, (or astrology in those days,) so we look for a star not too far from Polaris, and that has appropriate symbolism. In mythology, Capella is associated with madness, among other things, which makes Capella a likely possibility. There are other possibilities, but I don't know of any stars with more relevant symbolism than Capella.
Barnardo uses "his" to refer to the star. That's a normal usage in those days. The word "its" was only starting to come into use in Elizabethan times. They still often used the masculine form, his, for the neuter possessive pronoun.
The word "t'illume" is a poetic shortening of "to illuminate."
The word "burns" is notable, as an early instance on the Fire motif of the play. Fire isn't a major theme, but it's mentioned pretty often, in different ways. Shakespeare probably used "burns" in connection with his Fire motif, rather than using "glows," for example.
The bell is apparently the church bell, at the nearby town of Elsinore, which rings the hours. The word "beating" is unusual to use for a bell. The main thing we know of that "beats" is a living heart, so Shakespeare's word choice is ironic just before something dead appears - the Ghost.
(More to follow.....)
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
Yours is still surviving.
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Re: SG - Shakespeare, Hamlet
Beg pardon for the delay. I'm still having trouble getting a reliable internet connection. Even as I type this, in my text editor, I notice the internet connection has dropped. "We hope to have these technical problems corrected shortly." As the saying goes.
The Ghost enters.....
Marcellus: Peace, break thee off; look where it comes again!
Barnardo: In the same figure like the King that's dead.
Marc: Thou art a scholar, speak to it, Horatio.
Bar: Looks he not like the King? Mark it, Horatio.
Horatio: Most like; it horrows me with fear and wonder.
Bar: It would be spoke to.
Marc: Speak to it, Horatio!
Hora: What art thou that usurp'st this time of night
Together with that fair and warlike form
In which the Majesty of buried Denmark
Did sometimes march? By Heaven, I charge thee, speak!
Marc: It is offended.
Bar: See, it stalks away.
Hora: Stay, speak! Speak, I charge thee, speak!
(the Ghost exits)
It will be mentioned later that the Ghost appears in full battle armor, dressed for war. It's nicely ironic, then, that Shakespeare made the first word uttered, upon the Ghost's appearance: "Peace." It's almost like Marcellus is "surrendering" to the Ghost.
Literally, when Marcellus says "peace" he simply means "be quiet." As we know, "peace and quiet" go together.
The "king that's dead" is, of course, Hamlet's father. "Figure" means 'shape.' Barnardo can't get over the fact that the Ghost looks like King Hamlet. As we'll be told later, the Ghost looks exactly like King Hamlet, except it's paler. Also as we'll learn, Hamlet is 'darker' than normal for him, since he'll be wearing black because of mourning for his father. The Ghost, then, is 'whiter' than King Hamlet would normally have been, and Hamlet is 'blacker' than normal for him. Shakespeare used this simple black-white symbolism to excellent effect.
Shakespeare's color symbolism is contrarian and ironic, because the Elizabethans conventionally pictured the devil as being dressed in black. Here, the Ghost, who might be the devil, is pale, while Hamlet, the mortal man, will be seen wearing black. There's no implication of Hamlet being the devil. Not that. It's more doubt and confusion on the point of who's who, and "who's there?"
Marcellus tries to get down to the business of why Horatio was invited along, by encouraging him to speak to the Ghost. However, Horatio is so shocked, that he replies to Barnardo about the Ghosts's appearance. Horatio is extremely taken aback that what they told him has turned out to be true. There the "thing" is, just like they said, right in front of him.
"Horrows" is Horatio's word as it was spelled in the Second Quarto printing of 'Hamlet' (less the 'e' they typically added to the end of many words: "horrowes.") The word is always changed to "harrows" in modern texts, under the assumption of a misspelling or a simple spelling variaton in the original, supposedly just an 'o' where there should be an 'a'. However, the original word might be Shakespeare's intention, to combine "horrors" and "harrows." It would make sense, for Horatio to mean he feels horror, and he also feels harrowed, at the same time. Shakespeare was highly creative in coining words to get the meanings he wanted, and this could be a case that the academic scholars have overlooked. So I honor the original spelling; there's a respectable chance it might be precisely what the Bard wanted, to combine meanings.
A harrow is a kind of plow. There's a Gardening/Agriculture motif that runs through the play. It isn't one of the major themes, but it's mentioned several times. On the harrow idea, Horatio means that the sight of the Ghost is so shocking, he feels that his soul is almost uprooted from his body, like a plow uprooting a plant. Again this is nicely ironic, since a ghost is a spirit outside of its body. Horatio's metaphor is that his own soul, or spirit, has almost come loose from his body, too, he's so surprised.
Barnardo and Marcellus then both remind Horatio about speaking to the Ghost, and Horatio gives it a try. He's quite flustered, but he does think to ask the Ghost what it is.
His word "usurp'st" is highly ironic. Horatio is accusing the shape of King Hamlet of being a usurper, when it's actually Claudius who's the usurper. Claudius didn't usurp the crown directly, he did it indirectly by creating the job vacancy, so to speak, which he then filled. Horatio doesn't know about that yet, so his remark is accidental (accidental for the Horatio character, that is, and not at all accidental by Shakespeare, of course.) Horatio said a word that's very significant to the whole situation, but he doesn't know it.
To a certain extent, Shakespeare wrote 'Hamlet' as tho the players on stage are poor mortals on earth, and we in the audience are like the gods looking down at them. If we're already familiar with the play, we know far more than the characters do, about what's going on, which gives us some "god-like" knowledge over them. Imagining that a person really is a god would be madness, but when the effect is used judiciously, it's quite entertaining. We know how important it is that Claudius unjustly obtained the crown, but Horatio knows nothing of that yet - so when Horatio uses the word "usurp'st," we get to smile. Horatio said it, but he doesn't even know, and we do. Those poor mortals, one can't help but smile at how little they know (is the idea.) Shakespeare was reflecting the reality that sometimes people say things that are very important, but they don't even realize it at the time. "And the gods laughed."
Literally, when Horatio says the Ghost has usurped that time of night, he's saying that it's "unjust" for the Ghost to appear, and shatter his scepticism, when he was so sure the whole adventure was silly. He wasn't expecting to see anything important at "this time of night," and he can't help feeling it's unfair for the Ghost to actually be there. Observe that Horato goes on to use the word "fair" for the Ghost, which is more of Shakespeare's ingenious irony. Horatio thinks it's 'unfair' of the Ghost to so dramatically prove him wrong, but then he calls it "fair." Shakespeare used the ambiguity of English to achieve that effect. Literally, when Horatio says "fair," he merely means "handsome" - King Hamlet was a handsome man - but as usual Shakespeare got more out of the word than what the character literally means.
"Warlike" implies the Ghost in armor, which will be made explicit later. It's also a well-chosen word for the mood, since they're worried about war against Fortinbras, which will also be explicit later.
Literally, "Majesty of buried Denmark" means his Majesty, King Hamlet, the King of Denmark, who's dead and buried. By implication, the phrase implies that the majesty of Denmark was "buried" when King Hamlet was. This pertains to Claudius, and the kind of character he is - not "majestic." Claudius is a self-indulgent drunk, and a cowardly murderer, and not at all the "majestic" type one would want as king. We don't know that yet, but Horatio's phrase anticipates what we'll learn later.
Horatio's word "march" appears to be very subtle wordplay with the month of March. St Patrick and Lent are both mentioned later, and Ophelia's flowers definitely imply springtime. It doesn't literally dictate that the current play time is March, but "march" goes along with springtime, and there's absolutely no question Shakespeare knew the various meanings of "march" when he had Horatio speak that word in particular. We might consider that the last time King Hamlet marched was in March, just before he died. On that assumption, the current time would be May, two months later. A springtime setting is not absolutely conclusive, but it fits most of what's implied in the play. Cold nights, alone, don't imply winter, because of the Little Ice Age, which would have made for colder nights well into Spring, in the era when Shakespeare wrote.
When Horatio demands the Ghost to speak, "by Heaven," it leaves. Marcellus says it's offended, but, offended by what? If the Ghost is genuinely the spirit of King Hamlet, it could be offended at being addressed in such a demanding tone, which it would see as unacceptably rude. Or, if the Ghost is an evil imposter, it could be repelled at being asked to do something "by Heaven." We're given another mystery to ponder: not only why the Ghost appeared, but also why it left. The only thing the Ghost clarified is merely that it does exist. Otherwise, things are even more uncertain now.
Horatio is still so flustered that all he can think to do, is to call after the Ghost to speak, as it disappears into the darkness.
(More to follow.....)
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- We make this palate-pleasing platter with bold Le Chevrot, sweet aged Manchego, creamy Le Chatelaine Camembert and tangy La Fourme d'Ambert (though we may occasionally substitute an equivalent cheese for an out-of-stock variety). These delectable cheeses are paired with caramelized pecans, tangy dried apricots, fruity-sweet quince paste and delicate crackers. We recommend adding on a side of our bakery's chewy raisin-pecan bread.
Please note: It is common for Le Chevrot to display molding. This is safe to eat, but if you find it unattractive, simply scrape it away before serving.Plates and cutlery are not included but are available in our Plates & Utensils category. Platter serving utensils are included.Claims
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Raw Milk, Bacterial Culture, Salt, Rennet, Penicillium Glaucum.
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- Crudités Masterpiece, MediumServes 8-12, approx. 4.5lb$55.00/ea
- $70.00/ea
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subset: commoncrawl


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AUSTIN, MINN. ― Hormel Foods Corp. announced the promotion of Donald H. Kremin to vice-president of sales to Wal-Mart and Brian D. Johnson to the position of corporate secretary, effective Nov. 1.
"Don's promotion signifies his excellent customer service capabilities and his leadership in the consumer products sales division," said Larry L. Vorpahl, group vice-president of Hormel Foods and president of consumer products sales.
Mr. Johnson started with Hormel Foods in 1995 as a corporate attorney. He was promoted to senior attorney in 2000. In 2005, he was promoted to assistant secretary.
1Popular chocolate brand set for stateside debut
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5Conagra making 'modern food' for a 'modern era'
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1TreeHouse R.&D. leader provides peek into playbook
2Waiting for General Mills 'to arrive'
3Popular chocolate brand set for stateside debut
4Cargill to invest $146 million in protein plant
5Slideshow: New products from Halo Top, Pacific Foods, Chef's Cut
1Halting the raw milk movement
2Formulating clean label dairy foods: Insights and innovations
3Siete Family Foods growing against the grain
4US Foods to acquire All American Foods
to the PRINT edition, or click below for free, INSTANT ACCESS to valuable news & insights in the Digital Edition.


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Microsoft has released a new firmware update for its Wireless Display Adapter. The new firmware update version is 1.3.8350. The latest update does not bring any new features, and it's probably just a firmware update to fix some bugs and improve the performance of the Display Adapter. This app provides settings and
Tag: Wireless Display Adapter
Microsoft's updated Wireless Display Adapter and available for $49.95
Microsoft is finally updating its Wireless Display Adapter and introduces a new Wireless Display Adapter which is faster, smaller, and just $49.95. It brings the best features and functionality of the first generation while reducing the latency and packing it into a new form factor. It's still just as easy to


text:
14 Tait Street, West Mackay QLD 4740$330,000
The REAL Deal 'Original Traditional WEST MACKAY' Queenslander 14 Tait Street
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Wigan Wallgate
Wigan Wallgate Station
Greater Manchester
Grid Reference SD 580055 – for a map visit www.streetmap.co.uk and enter the grid reference.
- Staffed station open during train service (Booking Office open Mon to Sat 06.00 – 22.00, Sun 08.00 – 21.00)
- Two trains per hour to Southport, Bolton & Manchester
- Waiting room available
- Shelters on platforms
- Additional seating on platforms
Other Information
- Buses are available outside the station
- Rail User Group – Ormskirk, Preston & Southport Travellers Association
- Friends of Station group – contact Brian Haworth on 01254 386579
Latest News
Closure Of Blackpool Lines
Electrification works continue. Posted 09.11.17
North West In Bloom Awards 2017
CRL stations do well in awards. Posted 07.11.17
Rail Minister Launches Community Rail Strategy Consultation
Burnley Manchester Road hosts Ministerial launch. Posted 06.11.17
Something For The Weekend XIV
Plenty to see and do! Posted 03.11.17
First Lego League Team Visit Eco Station
Children learn about recycling rainwater. Posted 03.11.17


text:
Quality Rating
Highly Satisfied
- Friendly Staff
- Promptness
- Wait Time
- Spends Time With Me
- Bedside Manner
- Accurate Diagnosis
- Easy Appointments
- Appropriate Followup
Rate Now
Share Your Experience
Have you seen Dr. Dorota Hausner-Sypek?
Showing 12 of 36 Ratings
Posted on April 30th, 2017
Dr hausner awesome she is warm and receptive on judgemental and sincerely cares about the well-being of her patients. She's just all around beautiful inside and out
Love Her
Posted on February 26th, 2016
I have an array of complex issues that led me to Dr Hausner. Anyone who's made a comment that she's rude I find that extremely difficult to believe. I have been to so many Dr's and pretty much could care less for any of them but this Dr is truly caring and by far the sweetest Dr I have ever consulted with. She has gone above and beyond any Dr I have. If you need a good Dr she's the one!
Five Stars
Posted on January 25th, 2016
Dr. Hausner
Posted on June 22nd, 2015
I was so pleased that someone was finally willing to sit with me listen to the pain I was having. She took the time to understand where the pain was located, what it felt like, and treatment options. Beside manner was polite and light hearted. It was easy to talk to Dr. Hausner and I look forward to all of my future appointments.
Five Stars
Posted on June 15th, 2015
I have never met such a kind, knowledgable, and compassionate physician. She was very interested in what I had to say and answered all my questions. She is very interested in finding the diagnosis and proper treatment.
Posted on October 2nd, 2014
I agree with the person that says she can be rushed and rude. I could not believe my ears when she asked me if I wanted kids and I explained that I was worried if I could keep up with the responsibility due to my health. Her response was to tell me that if I didn't have children my husband (who she has never meant) would leave me for a younger woman who would if I didn't!!!! I had to stop him from going down there to address her himself. Cannot believe a doctor could say something so unprofessional. She also has left the room multiple times during my visits to deal with other things mid exam.
Been seeing Dr. Hausner for several years
Posted on December 18th, 2013
A friend led me to Dr. Hausner and it was the best referral I received. i have very complex auto immune disorders and Dr. Hausner never dismissed my concerns and symptoms. She's very thorough. She has her patient's interest at best heart. I saw a comment about her being distracted several years ago and I know she was dealing with a very ill parent out of the country. She finally took a leave of absence and she is back to her self - attentive, good listening skills, and great at diagnosis and treatment. Fibromyalgia is just one of my disorders and she's one of the best in understanding the needs of patients who have it.
dismissed patient feedback
Posted on June 6th, 2013
transferred from a great rheumatologist when I relocated, only to find her unwilling to try new treatments; dismissed actual data and patient comments and came up with her own diagnosis, refused to continue a treatment program that was working
best doctor
Posted on May 20th, 2011
I LOVE this doctor! I have never felt more cared for. I have fibromyalgia - a condition many in the health care field do not know a lot about and are willing to treat. She really took the time to sit down and listen to me and play with medication and treatments until she found one that worked for me. I never felt rushed at all. She even took the time to talk to my baby when I brought him with me!
Posted on November 29th, 2010
Dr. Hausner-Sypek is sweet and carring doctor. I am under her care for more then 5 years. She always allow enough time to listen to patient during an appointment. She provided with correct diagnosis and makes sure that appropriate follow up is scheduled and done. She calls to notify about results of the tests. Her staff is handeling all insurance issue, too. I will definetely recommend her as a great specialist in her field.
Two Stars
Posted on July 8th, 2010
Dr. Hausner-Sypek seems distracted and overwhelmed during appointments. She does not remember important information from one appointment to the next. She cuts the patient short and diagnoses hastily. She can be rude, abrupt, and impatient, and rushes through appointments without allowing sufficient time to give proper care.
Five Stars
Posted on July 10th, 2017
Nearby Doctors
Dr. Dorota Hausner-Sypek is similar to the following 3 Doctors near Albany, NY.
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text:
The 8 Netflix Original Movies to Stream This Thanksgiving Weekend
New and old releases may come and go on a month to month basis, but Netflix Original movies are always here to stay, and with 62 original films produced so far, Netflix has officially changed the movie industry. Everyone from Lady Gaga to Barbra Streisand has made a concert documentary film with …Netflix Original
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text:
2012 Wall Street Bonuses, Here's An App For That!
So I came across a post in the forums by Thagoodlife titled, 2012 / 2013 Investment Banking Bonuses and wondered, wouldn't it be great if there was a way to compare IB comp with your alma mater, WS colleagues, or the world? This past week employees of GS and MS received their 2012 comp but as either of their employees wouldn't it be nice to see how their comp ranks against UBS or DB employees? Well it turns out that last weekend William Wright of Financial News tweeted about a developer calling themselves nEuroRecovery, created an iPhone app that does exactly these things! Read on to get a brief overview of what it does and where to get it...
Simply enter your bonus, location, position, years of experience, division and your bank (optional), and your bonus will automatically appear on the League Table."
These are the words by the developer in describing how to use their app, Banker's Bonus 2013.
Aside from that, it's pretty much it besides a few other simple features like...
* The ability to enter an amount and see how it ranks globally
* Comparisons by location, position, experience, and division
* A global league table similar to the FT IB one
Given it' simplicity, would you WS monkeys find this app useful or not?
The primary concern mentioned by William Alden of DealB%k is that is there no verification process for submissions. So it's entirely possible for bogus, inflated, deflated, or generally misleading figures.
Further, it seems that the developer is a European by mention about the possibility of EU comp caps. This statement though might explain why there are two, 1-star reviews on iTunes (see the bottom of the page here) and perhaps this app may have a compatibility issue with American iPhones if it was developed there.
Also, I don't think the price point is in-sync with successful app-pricing models like that of Angry Birds or a traditional price of $.99. I think it has to show a lot more value than what it is for $11.99.
What is a fair valuation for this app and how could you model it?
In my opinion, I think such anonymous information disclosure can be beneficial to both IB and BB. It can bring to light competing comps by firms for similar positions in IB. Also it serves BB as it can bring stronger candidates to IB positions and become marginally more efficient at allocating comp to better-than-prevous employees. In other words, the disclosure of profits can motivate the most talented and driven to firms who pay higher for the same positions, ending in a win-win situation.
Do you think this could become a viral app among WS, why?
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Comments (16)
- Asatar
- |3,973
- | Rank: Neanderthal
No. The lack of verification makes it essentially worthless.
Asatar:No. The lack of verification makes it essentially worthless.
How would you envisage the verification process? Would you be happy to give your work email? As far as i know banks got pretty good surveillance of email correspondence coming in or out of their servers.
- newfirstyear
- |490
- | Rank: Senior Orangutan
Hey guys, my bonus this year was $4.8 million.
- BTbanker
- |7,259
- | Rank: Almost Human
newfirstyear:Hey guys, my bonus this year was $4.8 million.
Well, according do that sweet app, you are being underplayed by about $995MM!
Anybody else find it fishy that a "director" of 14 yrs experience spelled "City Group" incorrectly?
That is why he is just a "director"
- orangebull
- |360
- | Rank: Orangutan
Reviews from the App Store are saying that this a fraud... it's $11.99 folks
- BanditPandit
- |549
- | Rank: Gorilla
- Outsider
- |79
- | Rank: Senior Monkey
if anyone can download and use it, I wouldn't bother
How big is yours?
I can't believe this post made it to the top of my WSO front page. This is retarded!
Thank you all for your opinions and just maybe others will see this post and will save them the $11.99 for a NYC burger instead. With such a high price, poor reviews, and no verification process you monkey's really threw the poop at this app and I'm not going to argue! The only reservation I have is this comment...
Reader54:I can't believe this post made it to the top of my WSO front page. This is retarded!"
At least seven others seem to find it interesting enough and positively commented. So then explain to us what's so retarded about reporting to WSO on a new app (that's been out for a week) that calculates WS bonuses?
Who Am I? | See what GMngmt is all about at About.Me
- WallStreetOasis.com
- |27,732
- | Rank: The Pro
stay tuned for the 2013 WSO Compensation Report coming out in a few weeks... it should put this app and others like it to shame.
WallStreetOasis.com:stay tuned for the 2013 WSO Compensation Report coming out in a few weeks... it should put this app and others like it to shame.
Sound good, but from what i can see WSO doesn't verify their data entries either
- WallStreetOasis.com
- |27,732
- | Rank: The Pro
Sunaina:WallStreetOasis.com:stay tuned for the 2013 WSO Compensation Report coming out in a few weeks... it should put this app and others like it to shame.
Sound good, but from what i can see WSO doesn't verify their data entries either
No, we don't verify the entries but we do have contacts into most of the banks that can verify many of the ranges... and we do scrutinize every single entry that is made to ensure it is in this reasonable range or that the interview insights are realistic
Most of the people that fake it make it very obvious (for example, those trying to hit the character limit just type in something repeatedly just to gain access before we read it, block thier account, etc)...so while not a perfect system, we believe people adding to the database have very little incentive to lie since it's anonymous anyways.
This post made me curious so I downloaded the app.. What's odd is that I do not see this 99999999 bonus on the top of the list... instead there are a lot of "hidden" bonuses at the bottom of it.. I presume these are false entries... So maybe there is some kind of verification process after all.
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