text:
Talk:Chinese name
|External links checked 2008-07-19. --User:Ceyockey (talk to me) 18:15, 19 July 2008 (UTC)
|This article is of interest to the following WikiProjects:
- 1 2 or 3 characters
- 2 Alternate variation
- 3 Adressing people
- 4 "Limited supply
- 5 Question: flexibility
- 6 Ah (阿)
- 7 Diminutives with 仔 and 子
- 8 阿 is also an official middle name
- 9 Yao Ming examples
- 10 Western names
- 11 multiple names
- 12 Fred Yao Ming
- 13 He's not Henry...he's my brother
- 14 Is it possible to determine a person's sex by their chinese name?
- 15 This page does not account for chinese middle name
- 16 Stereotype Name?
- 17 Chinese_name#Alternative_names : need review !
- 18 "Era name" example
- 19 3 variations
- 20 Given names of siblings
- 21 Confusing examples
- 22 Mr.+ Given name
- 23 Sources for article/related article expansion
- 24 Using sources sensibly
- 25 Taiwan during Japanese colonialism
- 26 Sorry just a minor correction
- 27 Ancient Names
- 28 Minority naming practices in China
- 29 Use Pinyin instead of other spelling
- 30 Given names supported by computers
- 31 National Geographic style manual
- 32 External links modified
- 33 Taiwan/Diaspora citations
2 or 3 characters[edit]
math> 3 characters, and thus, most Chinese names consist of 3 characters.
- In the last 30+ years, giving children one-character names has been very popular in mainland China. I'm not sure about the exact percentages and numbers, but it is quite obvious. About 6 in 10 mainland people I know that are 30 and below have two-character names (one character surname-one character given). "Overseas" Chinese (inc. HK, Macau Taiwan) have not really experienced this phenomenon. Have a look at names of older Chinese, such as politicans, and compare them to young Chinese, such as Olympic athletes. You'll notice a stark comparison. It seems to harken back to the age of the Han dynasty and before when it was the norm for Chinese to have one-character personal names. Personally, I think it should be the other way. Use of longer names with three or more characters in the personal name and/or surnames with two or more characters is the definite way to go. A few interesting suggestions: http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-3-20/27200.html. 13:22, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
- One-character given names are very common in China. I don't think this is a good thing from a practical point of view. There must be 100,000s of people with exactly the same (full, written) name and many more with names which sound the same (but different characters). LDHan 08:52, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
- You're both exaggerating. It's fewer than 1 in 7 people. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
- it's convention like it says in the article. A common belief is that with the Cultural Revolution and how most parents of the time weren't educated passed even a middle school level so when it came time for them to name their kids one of two things happened either they chose a common one character name or they went with some pro-PRC kinda name like 建国. Aristocratic or families with a greater education usually choose two character names to keep a generation name and an individual name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 20:09, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
- You're both exaggerating. It's fewer than 1 in 7 people. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
- One-character given names are very common in China. I don't think this is a good thing from a practical point of view. There must be 100,000s of people with exactly the same (full, written) name and many more with names which sound the same (but different characters). LDHan 08:52, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
Alternate variation[edit]
In the United States at least, many Chinese seem to use a variation not mentioned here: Using both a Chinese (not Western) given name and their Chinese surname, but in the western order. --Delirium 06:08, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
- Similar patterns seem to exist in several places influenced by Western culture (e.g. Hongkong, Taiwan, etc). -Dpr 07:44, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
- Well, there's at least a few people who do that, but do you have any reliable sources? — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
Adressing people[edit]
The article says:
- "Note that because old people are well respected in Chinese society, lao (old) does not carry disrespect, offense or any negative implications even if it's used to refer to an older woman."
A professor of mine has stated something similar. However I tried this with a friend from Mainland China and was told in a very agitated manner that I shouldn't do this, you can only do this with men. What exactly are social connotations of 老? -anonymous
- I've edited the article to go into this more deeply, but the long and the short of it is, xiao and lao are both relatively regional (much more common in the north than in the south) and further are generally not constructed on the spot by a stranger (as mister or mrs might be used in English) but are rather established nicknames. As such, you're best off never using these unless other people are using them. This rule is advisable even for Chinese, because, as I said, these habits are very regional and may be different in unexpected ways from the place you grew up in.
- Personally, when I hear lao-so-and-so my brain seems to assume that they are male, and while I can find no specific objection to the prefix being used to show respect to a particularly old woman, I must admit that I would never do this and that I have never heard anyone else do this. YMMV... 18.104.22.168 02:44, 25 February 2007 (UTC)
- They're women. Of course they don't appreciate being called old, dummy. That's a cross-cultural truism. =) — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
"Limited supply[edit]
- With a limited supply of family names, Chinese depend on using given names to introduce variety in naming.'
In what culture is the "supply" of family names not "limited"...or in fact does the range of family names influence at all the choice of given names in any culture? Logically speaking, individuals do not choose their own or their children's family names anyway (except in rare circumstances). --Dpr 07:44, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
- I agree. Or, to put it another way, "You're from Ireland? Wow, do you know Patrick Kelly?" HouseOfScandal 18:36, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
- I have no idea what you're on about, but the tone of that sentence is awful anyway. Simply rewrote the article. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
- Plus its wrong anyway. Having a greater variety of given names never had anything to do with the surname. if that was so then there wouldn't be so many like named people these days. 彬彬 is one of the common examples. Another is 伟. The reason names are varied also doesn't have to do with being varied at all. It really has nothing to do with being common or uncommon like names are common in the west while surnames are more varied. Chinese names are given based on what aspirations the parents or grandparents have for the child. Choosing names for strength or power was good for a boy because typically a boy was expected to become strong and powerful. In a rural sense it makes him more useful in his future labors. In a urban sense it hopes that he'll rise in power or wealth and have a prosperous adulthood. Similar reasoning applies to girls and names using characters for beauty, grace, tranquility, etc Besides this a name could signify something about the child's birth or circumstance. Single character names also take this into account but are more limited. It is because of the purpose of the name that Chinese names might be more varied than given names in the west.
- I have no idea what you're on about, but the tone of that sentence is awful anyway. Simply rewrote the article. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
A fun fact: Because names come from the aspirations of parents there are a few common trends in naming depending on the region. For example 宏 hong is a very common character used in boy names in the Canton region. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 20:26, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
Question: flexibility[edit]
Is Chinese culture nearly unique in the world to have a system of name-selection which is almost infinitely variable where few people, including famous people, will ever be encountered with the same name? I.e. Muhammeds amount in ME culture; Johns, Williams, etc etc in the West; Japanese names are not as flexible as Chinese names, right? (e.g. Miko, Keiko, at least for females seem to be fixed). I hope my question is worded clearly. Thanks --Dpr 07:44, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
- Probably not. Many Native American cultures also seem to have names that are unique per individual. --Yuje 08:54, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
- Good point. Nonetheless, I think it's fair to say that numerically, among cultures of the world, this practice is rare. Thanks. --Dpr 04:39, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
- Not really.
- 1) Though there is a large amount of Chinese characters out there, true, but modern Chinese given names often use a limited range of characters with inherent good meaning with them, and obsolete characters are seldom put into use. Furthermore there are some character combinations very popular for names in each region of China, and there indeed are people who have exact the same surname+given name with important figures.
- 2) The same phenomenon can also be seen in Japan, that is, some character combinations are just very popular among people when it comes to naming their babies. But with the majority of Japanese surname have 2 characters, people with exact the same full name are less in Japan. -- G.S.K.Lee 06:19, 26 September 2005 (UTC)
- I guess it should be highlighted that the practice is common in East Asia (including also Vietnamese if I'm not mistaken), and among some indigenous cultures, but among Latin Americans, North Americans, Eastern and Western Europeans (including Russia), Australia, and (I'm pretty sure), the Middle East-Southwest Asia, it's historically almost unheard of to create your own name for your child. Yes, it is a growing trend today in the West, admittedly. Which side of the divide does Africa fall on mostly? --Dpr 09:17, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
- Vietnamese and Koreans, for the most part, actually have Chinese names, from the surnames to the way that personal names are given. Japan is much more similar to the West in that there seems to be a commonly-used set of personal names, and a near undeterminable number of surnames in existence. 12:13, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
- "Japan is much more similar to the West in that there seems to be a commonly-used set of personal names."
- I disagree with this part. It is not that much. -- G.S.K.Lee 03:42, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
- Actually, Japan is much stricter with naming than the West: they have an officially-approved list of names. Read this: Jinmeiyo_kanji. --wkerney 1:27, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
- "Japan is much more similar to the West in that there seems to be a commonly-used set of personal names."
- Vietnamese and Koreans, for the most part, actually have Chinese names, from the surnames to the way that personal names are given. Japan is much more similar to the West in that there seems to be a commonly-used set of personal names, and a near undeterminable number of surnames in existence. 12:13, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
- I guess it should be highlighted that the practice is common in East Asia (including also Vietnamese if I'm not mistaken), and among some indigenous cultures, but among Latin Americans, North Americans, Eastern and Western Europeans (including Russia), Australia, and (I'm pretty sure), the Middle East-Southwest Asia, it's historically almost unheard of to create your own name for your child. Yes, it is a growing trend today in the West, admittedly. Which side of the divide does Africa fall on mostly? --Dpr 09:17, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
- I think there are several issues here. With two character generational names it is much more unlikely you will get two people with the same name. But this isn't just applicable to the Chinese. When you have 3 parts of your name you will have far less coincidence. There might be a lot of William Gates but there are far fewer William Henry Gateses. I used this example to illustrate another fact. Unlike a number of culture, the Americans for example, the Chinese don't give their children the same names as them (however it isn't that common among the English either except perhaps among the royalty). Finally another reason why you find far fewer coincidences of Chinese names in the English speaking world is because of romanisation differences. Until recently, most romanisation has been fairly variable. E.g. uou have Li, Lee etc for the surname. Frequently these are the same character but the romanisation is different. You might have a Li Mei Hui and a Lee May Hooi. These could both be the same name when written and spoken in Mandarin or whatever but they will obviously not appear the same if you do a search in English. Nil Einne 19:03, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
- Taking both single character names and modern post-PRC names into account, Chinese names are much more repetitive just like the example of Liu Xiang. Aside from this Chinese names can be as varied as there are combinations of two characters. Names that fall into this category are greatly varied and a single person even with a common surname like Li will still never have a recurring name. ie: there is only one 毛泽东 in the world but there might be hundreds of 张宏 and 李强国. Also consider that a single Chinese person born pre-PRC could have had upwards of five names from birth name to posthumous name. Modern writers, actors, singers may also and commonly do create "pennames" in the same fashion. Jackie Chan 成龙 is a notable example.
- Japan has a strict list of acceptable characters for names but there are still some uncommon names based on the same Chinese tradition of name creation. The strict guidelines are very modern after all. Also consider that the same two Chinese characters may be read in a number of combinations through Japanese kun'yomi, on'yomi, and totally new readings based on the parent. Japanese phone books typically use furigana to spell out the name as a result.
- In the west it never really became popular to make up a strange name for a child. Naming a child with an original name is usually ridiculed. For example, in the sitcom Friends when Rachel proposes the name Rain for Emma Geller-Green Ross laughs about it. Shiloh Jolie-Pitt was used as an example to ridicule celebrities for giving their children unconventional names. I think it has to do with naming tradition. Chinese names all mean something. Western names do have meaning to them but mostly this is forgotten. Naming a child George has nothing to do with the child ever becoming or relating to being a farmer for example. I make the assumption most wouldn't even know that this is the name's definition. However naming a child 大牛 most likely comes from a rural family that hopes this child will be strong for physical labor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 20:53, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
Ah (阿)[edit]
I don't think this is confined to Hokkien or Cantonese speaking areas only. I'm pretty sure it's the case all over China
- Corrected. There are countless ahs all over China. :D--Huaiwei 01:38, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
- "Ah" is more common in the south. much less so in the north. add "xiao" or repetition is more common in the north. 184.108.40.206 15:14, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
- The prefix 阿 is not a diminutive constructor, but the opposite, when you consider the etymology. So the prefix 阿 in 阿明 is in a sense similar to the 老 in 老王. While 小 can be attached to either the family name or (part of) the given name (小王, 小明), 老 is more often used with family names and 阿 more often with given names. Y. R. Chao discusses the prefixes 阿, 老, and 小 on pp. 216–7 in A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, and notes that
- "In Cantonese the prefix ah- is used with monosyllabic surnames with the same effect as prefixing 老 lao-, as 亞王 Ah* Woang = Mandarin 老王 Lao Wang."
- Footnote *: "The character 阿 commonly used in Mandarin and Wu-dialect texts for this prefix is pronounced o in Cantonese. The usual character for this prefix in Cantonese texts is 亞, which would be yah in Mandarin, as in 亞細亞 'Asia'."
- The prefix 阿 is not a diminutive constructor, but the opposite, when you consider the etymology. So the prefix 阿 in 阿明 is in a sense similar to the 老 in 老王. While 小 can be attached to either the family name or (part of) the given name (小王, 小明), 老 is more often used with family names and 阿 more often with given names. Y. R. Chao discusses the prefixes 阿, 老, and 小 on pp. 216–7 in A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, and notes that
- "Ah" is more common in the south. much less so in the north. add "xiao" or repetition is more common in the north. 22.214.171.124 15:14, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
Diminutives with 仔 and 子[edit]
I think that the characters 仔 and 子 may also be used as suffixes to form diminutive nicknames, albeit apparently less commonly used than 小, but I have not done research on this. Ydw (talk) 03:08, 22 December 2010 (UTC)
- Works in Japanese, but in China the second one is more likely to make you look like an old master. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
- Untrue that only applies to past figures. Modern uses for 子 are similar to Japan but usually are reserved for nicknames not involving the given name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 20:56, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
阿 is also an official middle name[edit]
Mention that at least in Taiwan, 阿 can be found as the middle name on ID cards, not just a nickname. Mainly older people though. --User:Jidanni 2006-07-09
- But what do you think "middle name" means in this context? — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
Yao Ming examples[edit]
I've attempted to clarify the name-order discussion in the first couple of paragraphs by using further examples based on Yao Ming's name, but I've resorted to giving him the fictional Western "first" name Fred in the two final examples. I'm not sure of the easiest way to indicate that he's not really named Fred (a peril of mixing real and fictitious examples, I guess).
If I've actually misunderstood and the examples are incorrect, I invite corrections. —Eric S. Smith 15:35, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
- Better to avoid it. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
Western names[edit]
How do the Chinese figure out their "Western" name? Choice or something else? I've never been able to figure this out and the article doesn't explain it. -RomeW
- Normally people just simply choose the one they like from those common names flying around, etc. John, Paul, Anna, blah-blah, whatever, and make it their own names. In rare instances, for example, me, you can find people with unique names, with each name probably has its own story behind. -- G.S.K.Lee 21:53, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
- People usaully older people don't choose a western name at all, though some chose a name that is easy for them to pronounce. --Johanna451940 01:49, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
- I live in Taiwan and I am jealous of the freedom that the younger Taiwanese have in chosing their Western name. It can be practically anything. In my wife's company, I know a guy named Water, a guy named Cash, and a guy who uses the name of a video game character. ---Taiwan On 08:30, 17 April 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk)
- This is the same as a westerner asking what his name is in Chinese. Since the naming conventions are completely different between European and Han names, this is impossible. A person simply romanizes the Chinese name or transliterates the western name. That's why modern Chinese usually adopt a western name they choose themselves. If they really tried to translate the name into a western text, Yao Ming would end up being Bright Yao. LOL In the same light my name (I picked the name Jeffrey) would be instead Construct Powerful Chang. LOL — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 21:27, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
- I live in Taiwan and I am jealous of the freedom that the younger Taiwanese have in chosing their Western name. It can be practically anything. In my wife's company, I know a guy named Water, a guy named Cash, and a guy who uses the name of a video game character. ---Taiwan On 08:30, 17 April 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk)
- People usaully older people don't choose a western name at all, though some chose a name that is easy for them to pronounce. --Johanna451940 01:49, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
multiple names[edit]
i want to know more about how chinese have multiple names. theyll have a name they were born with. then they give themselves a name. their mum gives them a name. their dad gives them a name. they have honourary names, style name, courtesy name, Posthumous name, actual name, and like 5 different names by the time they die.
- As far as I know, when one is born, his/her father gives him/her a given name. Along with the family name, that's his/her name. When he reaches 20 years old (educated men only), or when she is getting married (educated only, rare), he/she gives himself/herself a name, called Zi or Biaozi, which often has some meanting related to his/her given name. Not like in a western country people call each other's firsname a lot, Chinese people do not do that in most case, except really close friends or family member. Instead, they can use just the Zi to call eath other. And to use Zi, instead of to use the given name, is a way to pay repection. In addition, some people (really educted ones) give themselves some Hao, like The Resident of Blahblah (usually the name of his study room, like Wind Whisper Room), or The Lord of Rings(just kidding). One may have a lot of Hao, while most people do not have any Hao. After a man died, only if he was an emperor or someone with a lot of power, he might get a Yihao, usually describing his whole life, like The King of Weakness, or The Emperor of Conquer.
- In summary, Family name and given name, Zi for educated ones, Hao for people who want to show off, and Yihao for died emperors. Not too many.
- Today, most Chinese have only the family name and given name, and more and more people in big cities are having westernized names. Of course, writers always have pennames, but that's a different story.--Mongol 20:41, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
Fred Yao Ming[edit]
I've never known anyone have a name like that: Westernized name, family name, then given name. I am only aware of usages of Ming Yao, Fred Yao, Fred Ming Yao, Ming Fred Yao, or Yao Ming. Can anyone give an example of a name like Fred Yao Ming? Otherwise, probably I will have that line changed. --Mongol 20:20, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
- Never mind, I got the answer: this is a Hong Kong usage.--Mongol 20:51, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
- Westernized name, family name, the given name, is quite common in Singapore. The only thing is that this full structure seldom used when addressing someone casually. For example, it is common for someone to register his name as "John Lim Guan Heng", when "John" is the westernized name, "Lim" is the surname (family name), and "Guan Heng" is the given name. However, the casual and popular way to call out to this person is by using "John" or "John Lim", rather than "John Lim Guan Heng". This is similar to how in the west people would usually use "Hello, John" instead of "Hello, John Edward Smith". However, Surname - Given Name - Westernized name usage is very rare in Singapore. So I will edit that part in the main article. Atticuslai (talk) 06:41, 11 July 2008 (UTC)
He's not Henry...he's my brother[edit]
I note that the text reads "For instance, referring to Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong as Hsien or Hsien Lee would be confusing as this could just as easily refer to his brother." How is this essenrially different from referring to (for example) Henry Jones as "Jones" when this could just as easily refer to his brothers, sisters, children, cousins, etc. ? HouseOfScandal 18:38, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
- I think the point is that Hsien or Hsien Lee is only half the given name which is actually Hsien Loong, and Hsien or Hsien Lee would only be used by somone not familiar with Chinese names. The difference is such a person would think Hsien is the given name and the Loong as a middle name. LDHan 19:42, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
- It was badly worded from the beginning. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
Is it possible to determine a person's sex by their chinese name?[edit]
Are there names that are typically male or female or unisex? (I expect there are) Is there a list of such names available? — —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vaios (talk • contribs) 13:16, 3 November 2006
- Since Chinese given names are made up character by character, there are virtually unlimited
combinations of names however, typically female names use\ certain characters that appears more feminine, and vice versa yet this is not always so, some very traditional families would give their daughters quite masculine names, hoping that their next child would be a boy. with the romanization or the pinyin, it is nearly impossible for foreigners to tell the difference between names — —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.127.116.11 (talk) 17:00, 15 February 2007
- In general it is not possible to determine a person's gender from his or her Chinese name. The following apparently feminine names are actually names of famous Chinese men: 梅蘭芳, 陳其美 (陳英士), 林毓蓉 (林彪). It is also common to find females with gender-neutral or even masculine names. In my own family, two distant relatives (a male and a female) actually have the same name by coincidence: the family name, their generation name, and their register names (which is of the 玉 radical group) are all identical.
Perhaps only if the name contains feminine characters of the 女 radical group, such as 嬌娟妮姍娜婷, can one be more certain that the person is female. Note, however, that the characters 如 and 威, even though they belong to the 女 radical group, are used in both male and female names. — Ydw (talk) 23:38, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
- In short, not really. There's a lot of unisex names and a few boys or a few girls might use any supposedly "sexed" name. On the other hand, there are a few stand-outs: all the Meis will tend to be female and Yehao and Laidi will pretty much only be girls. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
- If taken from an outsider view yeh chinese names are all neutral but if you're familiar with Chinese names and naming traditions you can guess a name's gender. Most names have a telltale character that will point out the person's gender in much the same way as it is in the west. For instance Paulette is obviously a girl's name because of the -ette. Jacques is definite male name and Susan is a definite female name. Hard characters (龙,强,牛) are usually used for men while soft characters (美,珍,静) are used for women. The true neutral name problem comes from softer characters like 文, 敏, or 红. This is a big problem for one character names as in two character names these characters will be likely used as generation names. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 21:23, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
This page does not account for chinese middle name[edit]
The chinese (at least here in malaysia) order their name as: <family> <middle> <first>
For instance, my wife's chinese name is: "Lai Sin Ho"; 'Lai' is the family name, 'Sin' is her middle given name, and 'Ho' is her main given name.
I understand also that many chinese do NOT have middle name, but this is NOT always the case.
- That's a misunderstanding by those unfamiliar with asian culture. there is a vietnamese dude I know who does the same thing. In your wife's case, "Sin Ho" is the formal form of her first name. either the first or the second character, can be used as a pet name by the family, so those unfamiliar with their culture take it as a "main" first name. The family may also use some variations of this as a petname, like "Sin Sin", "Ah Sin", "Siu Sin", or otherwise "Ah Ho" etc. there are asians who consciously decide to use it as their main name, kinda akin to someone named William tells you to call them Bill, but in most circumstances, if you don't know that person well, it's considered disrespectful. 220.127.116.11 15:08, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
- I was rather disappointed at how this article was written as well. It seems that, in this article, they have combined the generation and personal names into a single personal name (eg Sinho instead of Sin Ho). They also contradict themselves by talking about how odd it is for a male to have a character like Xiao in his name and later acknowledge the generation name by pointing out that girls are sometimes given different generation names to boys. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 04:49, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
Stereotype Name?[edit]
In Taiwan, the stereotype name equivalent to "John Smith" in English is 王小明 (Wong, shao-ming(?)). This article does not introduce any one of them (in any Chinese region), while the article Japanese Name does. timdream 23:25, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
- That basically is the only "John Smith" name Chinese people use. It's kinda like "Tom, Dick, and Harry". 王小明 (It's actually: Wong Xiao-Ming) is the simplest name, usually used for naming characters in children's schoolbooks, nothing too hard for the kids to read. --Johanna451940 01:54, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
- 王小明 should be "Wang Xiaoming". LDHan 10:05, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
- It should be Wong Xiaoming. It's only "wang" if its of Cantonese spelling, I think. 01:54, 8 November 2007 (UTC)Hyung-Qing
- "Wong" is Cantonese for 黄 (Huang). Wang is right. 220.127.116.11 (talk) 06:03, 28 March 2008 (UTC)cecikierk
- Wong is the Cantonese for 黄 and 王. Hyung-Qing had it precisely backwards. Wang Xiaoming in China, Wang Hsiao-ming on Taiwan, Billy Bob Wong Hsiao Ming in Hong Kong. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
- "Wong" is Cantonese for 黄 (Huang). Wang is right. 188.8.131.52 (talk) 06:03, 28 March 2008 (UTC)cecikierk
- It should be Wong Xiaoming. It's only "wang" if its of Cantonese spelling, I think. 01:54, 8 November 2007 (UTC)Hyung-Qing
- 王小明 should be "Wang Xiaoming". LDHan 10:05, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
Chinese_name#Alternative_names : need review ![edit]
Hello, I rewritted this section : please review need ! 220.127.116.11 (talk) 13:45, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
- Get an account and it's easier to talk, but thanks for being nice enough to post here when you're unsure. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
"Era name" example[edit]
Under "Era name," the article reads:
The era name can sometimes be use in ways which refer to the monarch himself, and not to the period (Ex: the Emperor Meiji, having ruled during the Meiji era (Enlightened rule), he is now known as Emperor Meiji).
The Emperor Meiji was Japanese so I'm deleting the example. Someone might want to add a legitimate example for Chinese. --Hakanai (talk) 20:34, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
3 variations[edit]
The article currently reads: There are 3 variations: Western name, surname, and Chinese given name, in that order ("Fred Yao Ming"). Western name, Chinese given name, and surname ("Fred Ming Yao"). Or surname, Chinese given name, followed by Western name ("Yao Ming Fred"). Is this accurate? I fail to understand the reasoning behind the third variation, which seems a rather awkward "adapation" to Western naming conventions. It seems rather a maladaption (a mistake), as it neglects the name inversion which the major point of the exercise in the first place--unless the intent of the person is to become known as "Mr. Fred". Robert K S (talk) 20:48, 10 February 2009 (UTC)
Given names of siblings[edit]
The article currently states:
Depending on region and family, female children may not be entered into the family tree, and thus will not be given a generation name. A frequent naming pattern for female offspring in this case could share the same last character in the given name while varying the first character (in place of the generation name). A well known example of such system can be found from the names of the main four sisters in the novel "A Dream of Red Mansions" 红楼梦, where they were named 元春 (yuan chun), 迎春 (yin chun), 探春 (tan chun), and 惜春 (xi chun).
This is unreferenced, and in my experience the more common naming scheme is actually the opposite—siblings share the first character of a given name, not the second. (Some famous examples off the cuff: Jung Chang, whose original name was Zhang Erhong (in pinyin), had four siblings whose names were all Er__; Mao Zedong's siblings were all Ze__.) Can we remove, or at least downplay, the unsourced bit quoted above, and find a source for this more common naming pattern and mention it? rʨanaɢ talk/contribs 11:58, 4 June 2009 (UTC)
- Removed via cleanup. If people are really curious about the ins and outs of generation names, there's an article on it they can read. — LlywelynII 13:25, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
Confusing examples[edit]
I found the examples in, for example, the diaspora section, to be confusing. I can indentify the Western elements of the names in an example, but, not understanding Chinese, cannot tell which other name elements are meant to be surnames and which given names. The examples are therefore confusing and unhelpful to me. Would it be a reasonable reform for this article to adopt a uniform convention of encoding the functions of name elements by different typefaces, such as boldface or italics? The convention could be explained at the top of the article. This is functionally not unlike the European convention of writing surnames in addresses in all capitals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 18:57, 2 October 2009 (UTC)
- I don't see a problem. Each of the examples there seems to have extensive explanation and discussion. rʨanaɢ talk/contribs 19:12, 2 October 2009 (UTC)
- How about this: "...it is equally acceptable for Western names to appear before or after the Chinese given name, thus Tan Keng Yam Tony may also be written as Tony Tan Keng Yam...". I can recognize "Tony" as a Western name. But "Tan", "Keng", and "Yam" I can't identify as given names or surnames. The sentence seems to say that "Yam" is the given name in the first example and that "Tan" is the given name in the second example. I would be surer that this is a contradiction if I could sort the three Chinese name elements into given names or surnames. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 04:36, 4 October 2009 (UTC)
- In any case, in one example "Tony" is clearly before the entire Chinese name and in the other example "Tony" is clearly after it, so there's no contradiction. And the following sentence (General usage tend to prefer placing the Western name first as this permits the Western and Chinese name order to be preserved simultaneously (ex. "Tony Tan" and "Tan Keng Yam" can be combined to "Tony Tan Keng Yam")) makes it obvious that "Tan" is the family name.
I will also add a hyphen in the given name.(Actually, his romanized name appears to be written most commonly in non-hyphenated form.) rʨanaɢ talk/contribs 11:11, 4 October 2009 (UTC)
- If the rule is that "...it is equally acceptable for Western names to appear before or after the entire Chinese name...", then why isn't it stated that way? The rule as given would allow "Tan Tony Keng Yam", if your identification of the name elements is correct, which I have to take your word for. You say that it is obvious that "Tan" is the family name because it is both preceded by "Tony" in one example and followed by "Tony" in the other. The same can be said for "Keng" and "Yam"; so it's not really obvious unless you already know what looks like a family name and what looks like a given name. I think that the article would be improved by examples that do not need to be decoded, especially when prior knowledge of Chinese is required for that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 20:24, 14 October 2009 (UTC)
- In any case, in one example "Tony" is clearly before the entire Chinese name and in the other example "Tony" is clearly after it, so there's no contradiction. And the following sentence (General usage tend to prefer placing the Western name first as this permits the Western and Chinese name order to be preserved simultaneously (ex. "Tony Tan" and "Tan Keng Yam" can be combined to "Tony Tan Keng Yam")) makes it obvious that "Tan" is the family name.
- How about this: "...it is equally acceptable for Western names to appear before or after the Chinese given name, thus Tan Keng Yam Tony may also be written as Tony Tan Keng Yam...". I can recognize "Tony" as a Western name. But "Tan", "Keng", and "Yam" I can't identify as given names or surnames. The sentence seems to say that "Yam" is the given name in the first example and that "Tan" is the given name in the second example. I would be surer that this is a contradiction if I could sort the three Chinese name elements into given names or surnames. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 04:36, 4 October 2009 (UTC)
Mr.+ Given name[edit]
I think the statement "Mr.+Given name is never used" is totally wrong. Since Mr. is translated as 先生, and 先生 has a longer history and is actually have different meaning. Given name + 先生 is in fact very common in practice, moreover Given name + salutary tile(先生, comrade, 师傅, etc.) is a friendly way to call people. --刻意(Kèyì) 10:36, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
- No one made that statement anywhere. rʨanaɢ (talk) 10:43, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
- "Chinese Names" at House of Chinn &
- "Ways of Naming" at Passage to China. — LlywelynII 17:06, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
Using sources sensibly[edit]
I know the two I just posted above aren't academic treatises and sources like Xinhua have their own problems, but I just wanted to point out that Slate is only a reliable source in the loosest of senses. It's professionally run and hires people who list "writer" on their resumes (which they know to spell with accents), but it's essentially a glorified blog with very little editorial oversight. The cited article does list that English names began with white collar workers annoyed at FDI agents' mangling of their names. Problem is that's an informal personal anecdote from what was apparently a single conversation with the single source contacted by the author for the piece. The claim is farcical on its face: China's trading ports have traditions of English names dating back more than two centuries and bi- and trilingualism in China have an even longer history.
In her defense, the grad student cited would probably qualify and annotate the claims attributed to her appropriately if she were called on it, but we should really know to take such puff pieces carefully and with more salt. — LlywelynII 17:11, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
- Have you checked WP:RS noticeboard to see what others said about Slate? Using the noticeboard can help determine which sources are better than others. You are welcome to start a post there too if you want. WhisperToMe (talk) 05:05, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
Taiwan during Japanese colonialism[edit]
Taiwan: A New History By Murray A. Rubinstein mentions how the Japanese authorities tried to get Han Taiwanese to convert their names to Japanese names around World War II, so they can be detached from their Han places of ancestry
It's on Google Books - p. 240 WhisperToMe (talk) 05:05, 6 April 2012 (UTC)
Sorry just a minor correction[edit]
It said Dongfang with the given words 东风 in an example of a post-PRC name. 风 romanizes to feng not fang. But i wanted to be sure so I'm writing this here. I know the name Dongfang 东方 but not Dongfeng so I wasn't sure if it was a Chinese character error or a pinyin error. Somebody please look into this. Thanks! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 19:41, 2 May 2012 (UTC)
Ancient Names[edit]
Anyone can add a section on ancient Chinese names? Such as those in the Zhou dynasty? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 21:03, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
Minority naming practices in China[edit]
Uyghur people have given Islamic, Russian, and European personal names to their children.
Rajmaan (talk) 22:40, 11 March 2014 (UTC)
Use Pinyin instead of other spelling[edit]
In China mainland, Pingyin is officially recognized and widely used, so 王 should be Wang instead of Wong. According to "The Chinese phonetic alphabet spelling rules for Chinese names"(中国人名汉语拼音字母拼写规则,GB/T 28039-2011), if not in special cases, Chinese name should be spelled in Pinyin. Even if you are referring to a person from Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, the Rule states:"If necessary, you can attach his/her Latin name in brackets or note" If referring to the special character "ü", you can use "yu" instead of it.This is a PDF from Ministry of Education website:http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2012/06/01/20120601104529410.pdfLywzc (talk) 08:57, 5 May 2014 (UTC)
- As a European I also find it bewildering that this article uses a Hong Kong Cantonese transcription of Chinese names even when the reference is to all of China, where the Mandarin Pinyin transcription would be appropriate. Looking at the article history it seems as if the change to Hong Kong Cantonese is a recent one, only from March this year. I consider this change to be close to vandalism. Roufu (talk) 09:34, 9 May 2014 (UTC)
- Yes, it was indeed a disruptive POV-pushing edit by User:Abc.brown. He has done this before in October 2013, and this is his second time. --benlisquareT•C•E 13:39, 9 May 2014 (UTC)
Given names supported by computers[edit]
The article says that approximately 32,000 given names are supported by computers. I clicked on the source, and the New York Times article actually only says that 32,000 characters are supported, not 32,000 names (which are typically two characters). This should be clarified. KaJunl (talk) 16:15, 19 October 2014 (UTC)
National Geographic style manual[edit]
This is what National Geographic has written about the subject in its style guide: http://stylemanual.ngs.org/home/C/chinese-names-and-terms - http://www.webcitation.org/6Y6ehKZUa WhisperToMe (talk) 16:56, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
External links modified[edit]
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Taiwan/Diaspora citations[edit]
As far as I can tell, nothing in these two sections has ever been verified. Surely statistics about how common last names are should be backed by sources... and this story about naming children things like "Pig Shit" reads like an urban legend. Examples of real people who use variations on traditional names are fine, but these sections make many vague claims about "common practice".


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The Lehigh-Northampton Airport Authority is considering doubling the fee it collects on rental cars at Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley International Airport, according to a report by The Express-Times' LehighValleyLive.com.
Currently, Lehigh Valley Airport collects a $2 customer facility charge on each car rented at the airport, which generates about $150,000 yearly, Darren Betters, the authority's business and commercial services director, told The Express-Times.
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The airport authority could use the money to match a $750,000 state grant to move the rental lots closer to the terminal and cover pedestrian walkways, Betters told The Express-Times.
An increased tax on all rental cars in the Lehigh Valley needs approval of Lehigh County and Northampton County officials, says the report.
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Related Article: Adding Extra Fees. What's the Law?
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The whole world is worried what Donald Trump is going to do next. Indians are worried because they might have to take a long break again maybe because their green cards may be cancelled. The H1B types are worried that they might be sent back earlier than they thought. Some who were about to get employed are sweating as their dreams would have to be put on hold. Those few countries which have been banned from entry and their immigrants now are shell shocked. We are still not aware of the "TRUMP CARD" which finally will be played like while playing cards. Is he right? Is he wrong? Is he being immature? Is he violating norms? Well, who am I to judge or tell. He had warned the world through his speeches what he would do if he comes to office, so rather than preparing for all that everyone took their chances to wait and see whether he really meant what he said or just said it not meant it. I feel if he is a true patriot and an American well wisher, above all he has been elected to that great office by American people. Then why this hullabaloo when one has to not only lose a trick but give away the hand for a" two of spades" though you had the Ace of hearts with you. He has not shown his complete cards as yet so let us hold our horses. Like Kenny Rogers sang about an expert gambler, we must know when to hold them, when to fold them and know when to run.
Well, I have never been a fan of US, nor have I been very impressed what they do for their own interests. I being a veteran of the armed forces have seen them biting the dirt from Vietnam, Korea, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, as NATO forces, now their fight with ISIS. Well, Mr Trump, you need to play your Ace now if you think you can really eliminate this ISIS menace, but if you are not going to bring any war you started to its culmination then don't start it. One exception was with Japan, when they were "NUKED" by the US to stop the war because they had been caught with their pants down. Russia you could not tame or even threaten. The dirty game you played in Pakistan, knowing full well they are liars of the highest order. China you cannot touch as they are too smart for you to even think what they might do next. The only thing you can do is to control printing of dollars as it is the currency of the world. US is the biggest defaulter for payments to the UN, so there is nothing new if payments are further reduced.
Let me in the same breath let my countrymen know, that if I have understood this man correctly, then Mr Modi, or Mr Nomodi makes no difference to him. He will see US first. So my dear Indians if he tells you to pack your bags don't feel bad, because you never saw it coming. Don't take him for granted, and be prepared to return to your motherland if required. At least buy one house or a flat even if you are a NRI. In case you all continue to stay on, put this house on rent and give the money to Ex- Servicemen welfare fund yaar. Here the PM is giving surprise after surprise, I am sure, Mr Jaitley, would have poured a lot out of his kateley by now in his budget speech for most of us to wonder are we earning just to pay taxes for the corrupt to feed on them. Our PM is seeing inwards so what is wrong with Trump blowing his Trumpet. Let him also feel the power of being the President of one of the most powerful nations. The only difference is that he has started from day one.
Be that as it may, let us take a good lesson from Trump's trumpet folks. Let us Indians play our own "Bansuri". In fact let us play all our instruments in unison, in symphony, in harmony, to ensure that India is heard for its melodious tunes. We have to perform as a synchronised orchestra for the world where they should feel that if even one instrument is off note from India the music heard across the world should turn into noise. Let the world ensure they give us the time and space to enjoy the melodies of our policies and thinking. May the world benefit and be healed through our music of growth and investments. May our neighbour understand our musical notes and bring peace and tranquillity in this region. Let music be the food of love for us to play on.
I drifted again from Donald ji to Modi ji to tabla and bansuri. What trump is playing is his instrument and his own cards because he knows the world has little or no choice as of now but to dance to his tune. When will we as Indians have such a music conductor, who writes the notes that the entire world has no choice but to listen to us, I wonder!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


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There are 10 important reasons why parents would want to establish sound family values based on developing virtues in their children:
1) Authentic self-esteem
Positive self-esteem is a direct consequence of acknowledging and affirming a child's core virtues. This is very different to the more superficial and generalized 'good girl', or 'great kid', or the more effusive 'high 5'. This is praise, and praise feeds the ego and has the child become dependent on more and more praise. It does not, however, develop the child's character. Healthy self-esteem enables children to aspire, dream, achieve their goals, and above all be content and happy.
2) A strong sense of belonging
This comes to those children who feel safe, joyful and open to learning, and who are in touch with their inner qualities. This occurs when we acknowledge the child's qualities of character, name the particular virtue and link it to the child's behaviours. E.g. 'you were very considerate when you shared your pencils with Sarah, thank you'. These acknowledgements have far reaching impact on allowing children to determine who they really are, rather than be left guessing what specific behaviours were being affirmed by the non-specific 'good girl' , 'great kid', comments.
3) A positive inner voice
We grow up believing what we were told we were as children. Children who are told they will not amount to anything, are dumb, stupid, messy, difficult, or are losers etc., will grow to adulthood with this firm negative self-belief – even if it is obviously untrue. The way we talk to our children becomes their inner voice. Virtues education is the golden opportunity to create a positive inner voice that lets children know that they are considerate, helpful, respectful, loving, kind, joyful, creative, generous, confident etc.
4) Reaching their full potential
We have this precious opportunity through virtues education, to ensure that our children reach their full potential as human beings. Children who grow knowing themselves to be courageous, helpful, respectful, compassionate, reliable, and loving, are confident and purposeful enough to take their place as responsible citizens. Unlocking these qualities of character unleashes potential, so that the children know they are capable of fulfilling their dreams – whatever those dreams may be.
5) Creating peaceful, happy environments
Virtues education offers an exciting opportunity to integrate virtues into the home environment. Selecting a virtue of the week that all members of the family agree to learn about and practise can change the dynamics in the home. Children very quickly adopt the language of the virtues and begin to use it with each other. When we correct children using a virtues correction such as 'I need you to use your patience right now', we hand power and control back to them to make choices about their behaviours.
5) Generating health and well-being
When we are given a virtues acknowledgement, or use the virtues affirmations, it actually touches our heart. Research tells us that when you speak to a person about their virtues – their inherent character strengths, there is a physical response. Their heart begins to beat at an optimal rate. Their immune system is strengthened, and their whole body moves into a calm, state of well-being. When we understand, notice and name virtues, our body, mind and heart are nourished.
7) Developing meaningful communication
The basis of effective communication with our children is a good relationship based on trust and love. Basically this means walking our own talk. It means being prepared to take the journey of learning and practising virtues along with our children. We cannot seriously expect children to take on our urging for them to be respectful and patient, if we deliver this request in a harsh, disrespectful and impatient tone. We cannot expect them to practice trust if we aren't prepared to diligently deliver on our own promises to them.
Academic achievement
"The latest research findings indicate that the development of a child's moral character has a direct impact on academic results. This is now considered so important in the United States that 27 States have now mandated the offering of what they are calling character education." Dr. Arini Beaumaris
9) Capturing the moment
The first years of life are the most fertile years of the child's brain development, when massive amounts of information are being processed and neuron pathways established. This is the time when most aspects of the child's future will be established. It is the golden opportunity for character development through virtues education to be effective
10) Developing Moral Character
The foundation to moral education occurs in the early years of a child's education – ideally in the first six years. Of course it is never too late to learn, but the later we leave it the harder it gets.
A wonderful resource to assist your family to develop a virtues based set of family values is the embrace virtues large format virtues cards. A purposeful program of virtues based character development nourishes the home environment, assures the child's well-being and assists children to reach their full potential.


text:
Flights from Craig Field to Roscoe Turner
Direct flights from Craig Field Airport (SEM) in Selma, AL to Roscoe Turner Airport (CRX) in Corinth, MS via air taxi
Total airfare between Craig Field Airport and Roscoe Turner Airport ranges from $2894 to $11637 for the specified travel dates. The total fare is the price for the entire plane (price per person is based on the number of passengers entered above). Flight duration ranges from 54 minutes to 1 hour 35 minutes, depending on the aircraft.
Cessna Skyhawk 172R or similar
Beechcraft Baron 58TC or similar
Cessna TTX T240 or similar
Piper Navajo or similar
Beechcraft King Air 350 or similar
Embraer Phenom 100 or similar
Citation CJ3 or similar
Popular Direct Flights from Craig Field
- Craig Field (SEM) to Columbia, TN (MRC)
- Craig Field (SEM) to Poplar Bluff, MO (POF)
- Craig Field (SEM) to New Orleans, LA (MSY)
- Craig Field (SEM) to Tallahassee, FL (TLH)
- Craig Field (SEM) to Monroeville, AL (MVC)
Popular Direct Flights to Roscoe Turner
- Sevierville, TN (GKT) to Roscoe Turner (CRX)
- Joplin, MO (JLN) to Roscoe Turner (CRX)
- Magnolia, AR (AGO) to Roscoe Turner (CRX)
- Sedalia, MO (DMO) to Roscoe Turner (CRX)
- Jackson, MS (JAN) to Roscoe Turner (CRX)
The flight distance from Selma to Corinth is 174 miles and average flight time is 1 hour 35 minutes. If you were to drive from Selma to Corinth, it would take 4 hours 10 minutes to drive 209 miles.
More information about Selma (SEM)
More information about Corinth (CRX)
"Nate was a terrific pilot - he was polite, prompt, responsive, and gave us a very smooth flight. Thank you."
Other Airports Near Craig Field
- Montgomery Regional/Dannelly Field Airport (MGM) in Montgomery, 30 miles away
Other Airports Near Roscoe Turner
- Tupelo Regional Airport (TUP) in Tupelo, 40 miles away


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First apartment in Zaha Hadid's Miami skyscraper revealed
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Zaha Hadid Architects begins work on Mexico City's "highest residential tower"
Construction has begun on Zaha Hadid Architects' residential high-rise in the Mexican capital, set to become the city's tallest apartment building. Read more
Terraced gardens echoing paddy fields fill centre of Singapore's Marina One
Snaking wooden walkways traverse a terraced garden planted with 700 trees at the heart of this tower development in Singapore's Marina Bay by Ingenhoven Architects and landscape firm Gustafson Porter + Bowman. Read more
SOM designs tapering skyscraper that would dwarf neighbouring Cheesegrater
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has revealed visuals for a 56-storey skyscraper in the City of London, featuring a slanting glass facade that resembles the Rogers Stirk Harbour-designed Cheesegrater next door. Read more
Architects protest AT&T Building plans with "Hands off my Johnson" placards
Architects and preservationists including Robert AM Stern were among those protesting Snøhetta's plans for Philip Johnson's postmodern AT&T Building in New York today. Read more
UNStudio hopes to create "neighbourhoods in the sky" with Canaletto Tower in London
Bands of aluminium and concrete divide up sections of this London residential skyscraper by UNStudio, to foster different communities within the building, while also framing panoramic views for residents. Read more
Carmody Groarke wins approval for skyscraper in London's Paddington
Architecture studio Carmody Groarke has received planning permission for a 20-storey hotel tower in London's Paddington, as the area readies itself for the opening of a new Crossrail station. Read more
Morris Adjmi designs skyscraper with lancet windows for New York City
Snøhetta proposal for Philip Johnson's AT&T skyscraper triggers outcry
Several campaigns and protests have been organised to prevent Snøhetta's overhaul of Philip Johnson's postmodern AT&T Building in New York, which has been described as "vandalism" by Guardian critic Olly Wainwright. Read more
Snøhetta reimagines New York's postmodern icon 550 Madison
Architecture firm Snøhetta has revealed its plans to overhaul the New York skyscraper designed in the postmodern style by Philip Johnson and John Burgee, which involve replacing the street frontage but retaining its recognisable classical pediment. Read more
Herzog & de Meuron reveals plans for skyscraper and exhibition hall at Stockholm gasworks
The cylindrical frame of a gasholder at Stockholm's old gasworks will host an events space, in plans by Swiss firm Herzog & de Meuron that will see another of the structures demolished to make way for a skyscraper.
Read more
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Meganom gains permission for skinny supertall skyscraper in Manhattan
The tallest building designed by a Russian architecture firm for the US, which will hold apartments like "shelves in the air", has gained planning approval. Read more
Claesson Koivisto Rune recreates modernist skyscraper facades for collection of prints
The gridded facades of 20th-century skyscrapers by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier are recalled from memory for this series of prints by Swedish studio Claesson Koivisto Rune. Read more
Grey brickwork to clad Upper East Side residential tower by DDG
World's skinniest skyscraper stalls at 20 storeys tall
Construction has halted on the skinny supertall skyscraper designed by SHoP Architects in Manhattan due to ballooning costs. Read more
Engineers propose solution for San Francisco's sinking Millennium Tower
San Francisco's sinking skyscraper has descended another inch, but engineers have come up with a potential fix. Read more
SOM designs "new skyline" for port area of Sri Lanka's largest city
SOM has won a competition to design a new district for Sri Lankan city Colombo, with a design featuring numerous skyscrapers, a marina, canals and a park, influenced by the country's tropical climate. Read more


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To create an HTML document, you use a text editor to enter information about the
structure of the Web page, the content of the Web page, and instructions for how that
content should be displayed. This topic uses the Notepad++ text editor to enter the
HTML elements and content for all projects and exercises.
Before you begin entering the content for this project, you must start by enter-
ing tags that define the overall structure of the Web page. You do this by inserting a
<!DOCTYPE> tag and five tags (<html>, <head>, <meta />, <title>, and <body>) together
with the closing tags (</html>, </head>, </title>, and </body>). These tags define the
structure of a standard Web page and divide the HTML file into its basic sections: header
information and the body of the page that contains text and graphics.
The <!DOCTYPE> tag is used to tell the browser which HTML or XHTML
version and type the document uses. Throughout this topic, we will utilize the HTML5
<!DOCTYPE> tag. In addition to that tag, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
supports three document types for other versions of HTML or XHTML: strict, transitional,
and frameset. The strict document type is specified when you want to prohibit the use
of deprecated tags. Deprecated tags are tags that the W3C has earmarked for eventual
removal from their specifications, because those tags have been replaced with newer,
more functional tags, attributes, or CSS properties. The transitional document type
allows the use of deprecated tags. The frameset document type, which is used to support
frames on a Web page, also allows the use of deprecated tags although the frame tags have
been eliminated by HTML5. The <!DOCTYPE> tag includes a URL that references a
Document Type Deinition found on the w3.org Web site. Although this topic does not use
deprecated tags, the projects do use HTML5, which does not require a URL reference to a
Document Type Definition.
The <!DOCTYPE> Tag
The w3schools.com Web
site provides additional
information about the
<!DOCTYPE> tag used
for the HTML5 or XHTML
strict, transitional, and
frameset document types.
To learn more about the
<!DOCTYPE> tag, visit the
W3C Web site at w3.org.
It provides a wealth of
information on this and
other HTML tags.
Defining the HTML Document
The first set of tags beyond the <!DOCTYPE> tag, <html> and </html> , indicates
the start and end of an HTML document. This set of tags contains all of the content of
the Web page, the tags that format that content, and the tags that define the different
parts of the document. Software tools, such as browsers, use these tags to determine where
the HTML code in a file begins and ends.
The Head The next set of tags, <head> and </head> , contains the Web page title and
other document header information. One of the tags inserted into the <head> </head>
container is the meta tag. The <meta /> tag has several functions. In this chapter, it is used to
declare the character encoding UTF-8. The Unicode Transformation Format ( UTF ) is a
compressed format that allows computers to display and manipulate text. When the browser
encounters this meta tag, it will display the Web page properly, based on the particular
UTF-8 encoding embedded in the tag. UTF-8 is the preferred encoding standard for Web
pages, e-mail, and other applications. The encoding chosen is also important when validating
the Web page. The meta tag has other purposes that are described in subsequent chapters
of the topic. The <title> tag is another tag inserted into the <head> </head> container. The
<title> and </title> tags indicate the title of the Web page, which appears on the browser
title bar and taskbar when the Web page is displayed in the browser window. The title is also
the name given to the page when a user adds the page to a favorites or bookmarks list.
The Body The final set of tags, <body> and </body> , contains the main content of the
Web page. All text, images, links, and other content are contained within this final set of
tags. Table 2-1 on the next page lists the functions of the tags described so far, as well as
other tags that you will use in this chapter.
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Napoleon The Last Phase
Archibald Philip Primrose Rosebery
Napoleon The Last Phase by Archibald Philip Primrose Rosebery
About the Author
Book Info
Publication date15th October 2008
AuthorArchibald Philip Primrose Rosebery
More books by Archibald Philip Primrose Rosebery
Author 'Like for Like'
FormatPaperback / softback
292 pages
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text:
Hemroids after Pregnancy - Diarrhea As Cause of Hemroids
Diarrhea As Cause of Hemroids
It is long-term diarrhea that is the cause of hemroids, straining during very frequent bowel movements caused by diarrhea causes bulging of the veins in the anal canal, and that is what causes hemroids. We have written a humorous anecdote on Hemroids after Pregnancy to make it's reading more enjoyable and interesting to you. This way you learn there is a funny side to Hemroids after Pregnancy too!
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Walking is good, bicycling better. Walking or bicycling quickly for 30 minutes, three to four times a week, improves one's overall health, but, more importantly, it helps get the intestines stronger and healthier, allowing for the bowel motions to be moved more easily out, without all that straining on the toilet.
Another helpful home cure for hemroids is the application of petroleum jelly. Use a cotton swab or the tip of your finger to apply petroleum jelly around your rectum and about a half inch into your anus. This treatment will help make your bowel movements easier as you're adjusting your fiber and fluid intake. One home cure that consistently receives high marks is the application of witch hazel to the affected areas. Witch hazel causes the blood vessels to shrink and contract. It's especially effective iced. We were furnished with so many points to include while writing about Hemroids after Pregnancy that we were actually lost as to which to use and which to discard!
There are many different ways to deal with hemroids and with constipation. The approach you take or that which is recommended by your health practitioner depends on your history. Most illnesses originate with unresolved personal issues that have cause a great deal of anxiety, depression, or negativity. So the first place of attack would be dealing with these personal issues. If you don't lessen their intensity, then it is difficult to heal the body, since this anxiety is a constant force creating inflammation and injury in the body.The results of one reading this composition is a good understanding on the topic of Hemroids after Pregnancy. So do go ahead and read this to learn more about Hemroids after Pregnancy.
Hemroids also bring a lot of discomfort and burning sensation to the one who has it - not to mention the awkward moments, especially if situated in a public place or activity, when pain and itchiness strike. Because of this, it is without doubt that people are dying to undergo medical treatments or relief treatment procedures just to get rid of their hemroids.It was at the spur of the moment that we ventured to write something about Hemroids after Pregnancy. Such is the amount of matter that is available on Hemroids after Pregnancy.
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Eustachian tubes are internal passages connecting each inner ear to its own opening inside the upper throat. Earache can also be caused by pain and inflammation of the outer portion of the ear (the pinna). Most Earache Symptoms include is touching or pulling on the ear worsens the pain , Hearing loss , Blocked or full sensation in the ear and Swelling of the ear. Most infections of the ear are treated successfully with antibiotics. Earache home remedy treatment is very effective. Some home remedies for Earache are grind a few holy basil leaves and extract some juice. Apply 2 drops inside the ear. Boil 3-4 cloves of Garlic in some water. Mash them and add a pinch of salt. Wrap this poultice in a flannel or woolen cloth and place on the aching ear. Writing an article on Hemroids after Pregnancy was our foremost priority while thinking of a topic to write on. This is because Hemroids after Pregnancy are interesting parts of our lives, and are needed by us.
There are number of issue linked with occurrence of hemroids. Some of the main reasons include eating fatty and highly spiced food, unbalanced and insufficient sleep, prolonged sittings at one place, irregularity in passing stools, smoking or chewing tobacco, high temperature working atmosphere, unstable mental condition, idleness etc.
Learn More about Hemorrhoid Treatments
What Are Hemroids? How Do We Prevent And Treat Them?
The Encarta dictionary describes them as painful varicose veins in the canal of the anus. It s little wonder then why so many victims of this awful infliction, also known more commonly as piles, choose to suffer in silence. Quite often anal bleeding is a common symptom of hemroids which can be either internal or external. The internal types are those which cannot be seen and have to be...
Know About Hemroids
Hemroids are either inside the anus (internal) or under the skin around the anus. Hemroids may result from straining to move stool. Hemroids are common. In the USA, the prevalence is about 4.4%. It is estimated that approximately one half of all Americans have had this condition by the age of 50, and that 50% to 85% of the worlds population will be affected by hemroids at some time in their life....
Foods to be Avoided for High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure if left unchecked results in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and leads to target organ damage such as LVH, retinal changes and vascular changes. The main objective in the management of hypertension is prevention of target organ damage and reduction of cardiovascular risk. The management requires a multi-prolonged approach. Although it is widely accepted that...
How to Diagnose Hemmorhoids
Hemroids are quite common and so, in all likelihood every one of us knows someone who has or has had hemroids. Hemroids, or piles as they are also referred to as, are among the most common disorders to afflict mankind. Fortunately, hemroids by themselves pose little risk to health and are seldom serious. But they can still lead to a good deal of discomfort and can be embarrassing, troublesome and...
Hemroids Information and Prevention
Hemroids are swollen veins in the anal canal. Hemroids are enlarged, painful veins in your rectum. They may result from straining during a bowel movement or the increased pressure on these veins during pregnancy, among other causes. In the USA, the prevalence is about 4.4%. It is estimated that approximately one half of all Americans have had this condition by the age of 50, and that 50% to 85%...
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BlackMetal news
Auðn's New LP Represents the Next Generation of Icelandic Black Metal
Wedged between some technically-proficient-but-soulless prog-noodling and plodding-but-uninspiring black-death, Auðn offered a fresh take on black metal that pays respect to its forebears while threatening to step into realms of brilliance that could ...
Unconventional Black Metal Freaks GENEVIEVE Offer Up An Early Stream of Regressionism
Maryland's own Genevieve caught my attention in 2015 with their interesting avant-garde take on black/death metal found on Escapism. Escapism was an album I found myself quickly obsessed with and unable to put down. The groups follow up, ...
THIS IS ARMAGEDDON!: The Ravishing Grimness Of MAYHEM's De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas Caught Live!
Never has a form of music united (and divided) people such as black metal. Never has a form of music tapped into the deepest, darkest recesses of human emotion. Apart from classical, black metal might be the truest expression of the human psyche: a ...
Black Metal - premium items on eBay
Dissection Storm Of The Lights Bane Picture Vinyl LP Black Metal Watain
Black Metal Cassette Tapes Lot RARE
>> Go to all great Black Metal deals on eBay
Black Metal pictures on the web>> Show
Black Metal videos
Black Metal Drum Recordings!
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NechtanDrummer Höllensturm (Band) on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Höllensturm-215227335205526 ...
Serum - Black Metal
Follow Skankandbass on Spotify and listen to its playlists: http://bit.ly/SNBSpotify Buy 'Black Metal' - http://bit.ly/2omtqbG On first listen, it's no surprise that Serum ...
Black Metal Kazoo
True Kazooian Black Metal Performed by Benjamin B. Bjorland Filmed & Edited by Aleksander U. Serigstad.
Amazing black metal violinist
This violinist name Michael Shulman..he playing solo with his electric violin in 34st street station.
Niña de 6 años Cantando Black Metal! (VIDEO COMPLETO)


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- Why Can't I Find A Good Mate? Singles Workshop / M, Parkway Central Library (Free Library of Philadelphia)Tomorrow at 1:30 am
- Auditions for Willy Wonka Jr., Ephrata Performing Arts CenterTomorrow at 9:00 am
- Epic MEN'S Expo -- York, York Expo CenterTomorrow at 9:00 am
- Holiday Open House at Landis Valley Museum Store, Landis Valley Village & Farm MuseumTomorrow at 9:00 am
- SKYLINERS DRUM CORPS HOSTS 11/18 & 19 OPEN HOUSE, Nazareth Area Middle SchoolTomorrow at 10:00 am
- Turkey Hill Experience & Christmas Magic Combo, Turkey Hill ExperienceTomorrow at 11:00 am
Events in PA for Monday, October 01, 2018
9:00 am until 5:00 pm
Philadelphia and its Suburbs
Philadelphia and its Suburbs
HTML Training WorkshopAmerican Graphics Institute
101 West Elm Street, Conshohocken, PA
This HTML class gives students a hands-on experience to build and maintain a website. Our expert instructor will teach you basic HTML and CSS, the foundati
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text:
Popular notices
The most popular notices on the site right now.
Tomas SA2TMS (tomas)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 17:34:59 EST Tomas SA2TMS The radio throne in use! Cold! !amateur !fura https://social.umeahackerspace.se/attachment/246603
zoowar (zoowar)'s status on Friday, 17-Nov-2017 15:01:56 EST zoowar What mastodon needs more than a porn and gore filter is an infantile filter.
vaeringjar-highone (vaeringjar)'s status on Monday, 20-Nov-2017 22:32:26 EST vaeringjar-highone Welcome back, noscript for Firefox 57. https://noscript.net/
(((chaotic cute))) (xj9)'s status on Sunday, 19-Nov-2017 11:13:03 EST (((chaotic cute)))
@mykola you forget the ten year preamble that was identica, gnu/social, and pump.io; that's part of the story too. the fediverse is nearly the same age as twitter. i had an account on identica for a long time back in the day. my more recent relationship with the fediverse started at loadaverage.org, before mastodon even existed.
most of the users during that decade (after identica died) were free software people who joined gnu/social for a lot of different reasons.
nstr (rtsn)'s status on Saturday, 18-Nov-2017 16:12:41 EST nstr thinking about maybe setting up an xmpp server again.
nstr (rtsn)'s status on Saturday, 18-Nov-2017 11:32:43 EST nstr Pretty cool: Ignored By Big Telecom, Detroit's Marginalized Communities Are Building Their Own Internet https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/kz3xyz/detroit-mesh-network?utm_source=mbtwitter
Hallå Kitteh (clacke)'s status on Friday, 17-Nov-2017 05:11:00 EST Hallå Kitteh #ISIS has run out of cities.
An era is over. Now I guess we're down to just the normal actors continually ruining the region.
Don't get me wrong, the lack of beheadings and sharia law are probably a huge relief for everyone involved. But it's not like we're anywhere near a liberal democracy where people can just fall in love, go to work and pay taxes without a second thought for their own security and freedom.
Yes yes, taxes are theft, but I'll take a predictable bureaucracy and forms and a distant police force that may show up if a lot of things go wrong, over the masked dudes that show up on someone's doorstep in the morning because the municipal budget needs a boost, every time.
McScx (mcscx)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 17:40:07 EST McScx !listening Iggy #Pop & Kate #Pierson - Candy http://qttr.at/20bb
Heinrich Faust (hfaust)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 23:02:17 EST Heinrich Faust @awg The idea of a musical Death Note is so silly that it might work.
pettter ✅ (pettter)'s status on Tuesday, 21-Nov-2017 08:40:01 EST pettter ✅ @aral @matrix @purism ...but @fairphone has had a different focus? Labour rights and materials sourcing, specifically? There are many "right paths", which help and reinforce each other, and it working hard on many of them at once can be a better use of resources than disparaging the "wrong" work that is not what _you_ consider to be the _most_ important.
Aral Balkan (aral)'s status on Tuesday, 21-Nov-2017 08:33:45 EST Aral Balkan
Right, so this is it: https://matrix.org/blog/2017/08/24/the-librem-5-from-purism-a-matrix-native-smartphone/
PS. @Fairphone this is what I was telling you you should be doing. (There's still lots of time to start down the same track.)
💓 to the @Purism and @matrix folks – you're entirely on the right path.
#matrix #purism https://mastodon.ar.al/media/zClKXOo1fBETWTOGcc0
Technowix (technowix)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 21:11:25 EST Technowix
Wonder if there is a database client that can work without X but with a nice interface :blobpout:
Like htop, but for viewing db
Bob Mottram (bob)'s status on Wednesday, 22-Nov-2017 07:13:38 EST Bob Mottram @animeirl Actually I think nationalizing the internet would be the worst possible solution. The Surveillance State already has its fangs in the internet, so putting it in charge of the internet would be likely to lead to some really bad outcomes.
I'm more in favour of popular control of the internet, where individual users or collectives own their corner of the internet and federate with the rest. When nobody has overall control there are less likely to be abuses of the system - rather like a Nash equilibrium.
not jeff (jeff)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 06:59:04 EST not jeff @benis @rtsn @kzimmermann ehhhhh? yeah i work on i2pd a bit.
(benis)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 06:58:25 EST @rtsn @kzimmermann check out my dad: @jeff
He works for i2pd.
iirc, I should be on it right now!
Efraim Flashner (efraim)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 10:02:44 EST Efraim Flashner
@benis @clacke this reminds me of joeyh's cornbread bug in iceweasel https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=773619
Katie Bishop (katiekats)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 18:17:28 EST Katie Bishop @deadsuperhero
People choose to care for you because they see good in you. Sometimes a person struggles to see the good that friends do. I care for you Sean, my wife does, others do, cos we all see that you're a good guy worthy of that. You might struggle to see why right now, but don't give up hope, if others believe in you, and we do, there's reason for that.
Kevie (kevie)'s status on Thursday, 23-Nov-2017 16:24:05 EST Kevie It's beer o'clock \o/ enjoying a pint of McEwan's Champion Ale. Cheers !fediverse *raises glass*


text:
Banking News
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Things 3 v3.2.1Size: 18.74 MB
Things is a task management solution that helps to organize your tasks in an elegant and intuitive way. Things combines powerful features with simplicity through the use of tags and its intelligent filter bar. A Leopard style source list allows for quick and easy focusing. Together with a beautiful user interface, Things aims at the seemingly impossible: making task management both easy and fun.
Our screencast is a great introduction.The big picture. A Leopard-style source list lets you easily focus without ever switching view modes or wrapping your head around filter criteria.A magical tag bar automatically appears when needed and adapts to the currently displayed list. It lets you drill down even the longest list of To-Dos. Hierarchical tags? We got you covered!Teamwork. Things offers convenient collaboration features. Easily delegate tasks to members of your team. (This is work in progress.)No columns! Whether it's multiple tags, dates or notes, To-Do items display their information on an as needed basis. No more space wasted by empty or irrelevant column cells!Out of your head, out of your way. A quick entry HUD lets you enter any idea the moment it hits you. Never let the thought of an unfinished business distract you again.Yours forever. We won't lock you in. Things will use an open XML file format to store your data. (Not yet activated.)Things even supports GTD, so if you're familiar and comfortable with GTD concepts, you'll feel right at home.
Version 3.2Things 3.2 delivers full compatibility with macOS 10.13 High Sierra, plus these changes:Renamed the Siri preferences pane to Reminders, and modified its content.Minor tweak to the contents of the tutorial project.Fixed an issue where, if a to-do or heading was currently being edited, Cmd+N would insert a new to-do at the wrong place in a list.Fixed a crash that could occur when deleting a tag that was selected in the tag filter bar.Fixed a crash that could occur when collapsing to-dos after editing them.
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State Street Corp reduced its stake in shares of RPC, Inc. (NYSE:RES) by 3.7% in the 2nd quarter, according to the company in its most recent 13F filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The institutional investor owned 1,245,942 shares of the oil and gas company's stock after selling 47,268 shares during the period. State Street Corp owned about 0.57% of RPC worth $25,176,000 at the end of the most recent quarter.
Other hedge funds also recently made changes to their positions in the company. Commerce Bank grew its holdings in RPC by 4.4% during the 2nd quarter. Commerce Bank now owns 659,446 shares of the oil and gas company's stock worth $13,328,000 after acquiring an additional 27,686 shares in the last quarter. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. grew its holdings in RPC by 142.4% during the 1st quarter. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. now owns 465,621 shares of the oil and gas company's stock worth $8,526,000 after acquiring an additional 273,554 shares in the last quarter. Russell Investments Group Ltd. grew its holdings in RPC by 12.5% during the 2nd quarter. Russell Investments Group Ltd. now owns 186,991 shares of the oil and gas company's stock worth $3,779,000 after acquiring an additional 20,832 shares in the last quarter. Victory Capital Management Inc. lifted its position in shares of RPC by 16.5% in the 2nd quarter. Victory Capital Management Inc. now owns 599,280 shares of the oil and gas company's stock worth $12,111,000 after buying an additional 84,880 shares during the last quarter. Finally, Schwab Charles Investment Management Inc. lifted its position in shares of RPC by 11.2% in the 2nd quarter. Schwab Charles Investment Management Inc. now owns 340,267 shares of the oil and gas company's stock worth $6,877,000 after buying an additional 34,317 shares during the last quarter. 38.08% of the stock is owned by institutional investors.
Shares of RPC, Inc. (NYSE:RES) opened at $24.15 on Tuesday. RPC, Inc. has a 52-week low of $16.63 and a 52-week high of $26.45. The company has a market cap of $5,362.66, a PE ratio of 63.49, a price-to-earnings-growth ratio of 1.70 and a beta of 1.16.
RPC (NYSE:RES) last released its quarterly earnings results on Wednesday, October 25th. The oil and gas company reported $0.26 EPS for the quarter, missing analysts' consensus estimates of $0.29 by ($0.03). RPC had a return on equity of 10.31% and a net margin of 6.03%. The company had revenue of $471.00 million for the quarter, compared to the consensus estimate of $474.41 million. During the same quarter last year, the firm posted ($0.18) earnings per share. The firm's quarterly revenue was up 167.8% compared to the same quarter last year. sell-side analysts forecast that RPC, Inc. will post 0.81 EPS for the current year.
The business also recently declared a quarterly dividend, which will be paid on Monday, December 11th. Shareholders of record on Friday, November 10th will be given a dividend of $0.07 per share. This represents a $0.28 dividend on an annualized basis and a dividend yield of 1.16%. This is an increase from RPC's previous quarterly dividend of $0.06. The ex-dividend date is Thursday, November 9th. RPC's payout ratio is 73.69%.
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In related news, Director Amy Rollins Kreisler purchased 5,000 shares of the company's stock in a transaction on Friday, October 27th. The shares were bought at an average cost of $23.21 per share, for a total transaction of $116,050.00. Following the transaction, the director now owns 5,000 shares of the company's stock, valued at $116,050. The purchase was disclosed in a legal filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which is accessible through the SEC website. 73.50% of the stock is currently owned by insiders.
A number of research firms have recently issued reports on RES. Zacks Investment Research upgraded shares of RPC from a "hold" rating to a "buy" rating and set a $26.00 price target on the stock in a research report on Tuesday, October 17th. Cowen and Company set a $24.00 price target on shares of RPC and gave the stock a "hold" rating in a research report on Friday, October 6th. Jefferies Group LLC set a $25.00 price target on shares of RPC and gave the stock a "hold" rating in a research report on Thursday, October 26th. Seaport Global Securities restated a "neutral" rating on shares of RPC in a research report on Wednesday, July 26th. Finally, Raymond James Financial, Inc. downgraded shares of RPC from a "strong-buy" rating to an "outperform" rating in a research report on Thursday, October 26th. Fourteen analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating and nine have given a buy rating to the company's stock. The company has a consensus rating of "Hold" and an average target price of $23.97.
RPC Company Profile
RPC, Inc (RPC) is a holding company for several oilfield services companies. The Company provides a range of specialized oilfield services and equipment primarily to independent oil and gas companies engaged in the exploration, production and development of oil and gas properties throughout the United States, including the southwest, mid-continent, Gulf of Mexico, Rocky Mountain and Appalachian regions, and in selected international markets.
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Alumnae from the 1920s through the 1960s share tales of the 'good old days,' as current women describe their U-M experience.
That's the spirit
We've been celebrating all year and it's finally here: On Aug. 26, 1817, in Detroit, the University of Michigania was born.
Time traveler
Michigan historic preservationist Janet Kreger, BA '72, is a forward thinker. She's protecting thousands of local treasures – for the future.
Tangs for the memories
As a scientist in the late '60s, Rowena Matthews, PhD '69, redefined gender norms in the lab. And that was before she hit the airwaves.
Book burning
In 1973, student feminists burned a textbook containing 'criminally sexist material' written by U-M's chair of obstetrics and gynecology.