text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 22, 1990
|Filing date
|Jun 5, 1989
|Priority date
|Jun 5, 1989
|Fee status
|Publication number
|John J. Petrovic, David H. Carter, Frank D. Gac
|Original Assignee
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (23), Classifications (9), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to the art of materials science and, more particularly, to nonmetallic materials such as ceramic and intermetallic materials. This invention is the result of a contract with the Department of Energy (Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36).
Ceramic materials have certain outstanding properties, such as high temperature strength, resistance to thermal shock, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, low density, and low thermal expansion, which make them attractive materials for high temperature applications. For instance, if ceramics can be used as engine components, an engine could be run at a higher temperature, and thus be much more efficient than it could be with metal components. This has sparked a great deal of interest in studying various ceramics for these types of applications.
Ceramics differ from metals in one very important aspect; they do not show any yield upon loading. The lack of a stress-relieving characteristic, which gives ceramics their brittle nature and low tolerance for flaws, is a major drawback to using them in structural applications. One of the methods of dealing with this mechanical characteristic, which can be referred to as lack of fracture toughness, is the development and use of ceramic composites, which are ceramics having another material, usually a fiber, dispersed throughout them. Mechanisms which may act when ceramics are made tougher by addition of fibers of a different material include the transfer of load from the matrix to the fiber based on elastic modulus, microcracking or prestressing due to a difference in thermal expansion, crack deflection, and phase transformation toughening.
However, the problem is only partially solved; ceramic composites are still subject to brittle failure. There is a class of materials which offers the advantages of a ceramic and certain of the beneficial mechanical characteristics of a metal. These materials are intermetallics, which at high temperature have the excellent properties of a ceramic, but mechanically behave more like a metal, since they show yielding and stress-relieving characteristics.
Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) is an intermetallic compound which has potential for structural use in oxidizing environments above 1200� C. It possesses a melting point of 2030� C. and its oxidation resistance at high temperature is very good. Mechanically, MoSi2 behaves as a metal at high temperatures, since it undergoes a brittle-to-ductile transition at approximately 1000� C. Thus, MoSi2 has a stress-relieving characteristic at high temperatures. The major problems impeding the use of MoSi2 as a high temperature structural material (potential use temperatures in the range of 1200�-1800� C.) are its relatively low strength at high temperatures and its brittleness at low temperatures. At low temperatures, strength is limited by brittle fracture, while at high temperatures, it is limited by plastic deformation or creep. For this material to be a viable structural material at high temperatures, both its elevated temperature strength and its room temperature fracture toughness must be improved. Fracture toughness may be defined as resistance to fracture.
Silicon carbide whiskers made by a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process have been used to reinforce MoSi2. This use resulted in improved ambient temperature fracture toughness and a near doubling of strength at 1200� C. (compared to room temperature strength). However, the improvement in strength is not enough. The present invention is the use of whiskers of a different size made by a different process, a vapor-solid (VS) process, as a reinforcing material.
The two MoSi2 composites which are discussed herein, the inventive composite and the prior art composite, are reinforced with 20 vol% of either VLS beta-SiC whiskers made at Los Alamos National Laboratory or VS beta-SiC whiskers produced from J. M. Huber Corporation of Borger, Tex. and designated Huber XPW2 whiskers. SiC whiskers are minute, high-purity, single crystal fibers. They have very high stiffness in the longitudinal direction, in which they are grown. The main difference between the two whisker types used is their size. In hot-pressed shapes of VLS reinforced MoSi2, the VLS whiskers were about 100 to 200 microns long, about 3 to 15 microns in diameter, and had an aspect ratio ranging from about 20:1 to about 30:1. VS whiskers in hot-pressed shapes were from about 1 to about 5 microns in length, had a diameter of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 micron, and had an aspect ratio of from about 5:1 to about 15:1. A few VS whiskers were 100 to 200 microns long in the as-purchased condition, but were broken down to less than 5 microns long during dry blending with MoSi2 powder.
This invention is a composition consisting of an intermetallic compound, molybdenum disilicide, which is reinforced with VS silicon carbide whiskers dispersed throughout it and a method of making the reinforced composition. Use of the reinforcing material increases fracture toughness at low temperatures and strength at high temperatures, as compared to pure molybdenum disilicide. Yield strength of the inventive composite at 1400� C. is almost five times that of pure MoSi2 while low temperature fracture toughness is significantly improved, through it does not equal the low temperature improvement obtained with VLS whiskers. It is surprising that use of whiskers which are smaller in diameter and length provides an increase in strength compared with reinforcement by means of large whiskers.
Since MoSi2 behaves like a metal at high temperatures, it is believed that its deformation mechanism is dislocation plasticity, where dislocations, or flaws in the atomic structure, are caused to move by an applied stress, thus producing macroscopic deformation. It is believed that whiskers pin dislocations, that is, make the dislocation more difficult to move, so that the stress required to move them is larger; this increases macroscopic strength. Since there are more of the VS (smaller) whiskers than of the VLS (larger) whiskers in a particular volume of material, the mean free path between whiskers is less for the VS whiskers. This means that dislocations are more effectively pinned, making the material stronger.
In a broad embodiment, this invention is a method of making a composition of matter consisting of molybdenum disilicide reinforced with silicon carbide whiskers dispersed throughout it, where each whisker is a single crystal having an aspect ratio of from about 5:1 to about 15:1, and where the dimensions of each whisker are from about 1 to about 5 microns long and from about 0.1 to about 0.5 micron in diameter, said method comprising: mixing molybdenum disilicide powder and said silicon carbide whiskers to form a substantially homogenous mixture; applying pressure to said mixture and increasing the pressure on said mixture until a peak pressure is reached; applying heat to said mixture until a peak temperature is reached; holding said mixture at about said peak pressure and said peak temperature for a time period to form a coherent shape; decreasing the pressure applied to said coherent shape to atmospheric pressure and cooling said coherent shape to ambient temperature; and recovering said coherent shape.
The Drawing shows variation with temperature of the high-temperature yield strengths (room temperature values are ultimate strengths) of the inventive composition in comparison to unreinforced MoSi2 and a MoSi2 -VLS SiC whisker composite.
In earlier work, MoSi2 has been reinforced with VLS SiC whiskers, which resulted in improved fracture toughness at room temperature and improved strength at elevated temperatures. VLS whiskers are large relative to the MoSi2 matrix grain size and provide toughening mechanisms such as crack deflection at room temperature and some resistance to pullout at high temperatures. However, further improvement is needed if MoSi2 is to be a useful material for engineering applications at high temperatures. It was decided to study the use of much smaller whiskers for reinforcement of MoSi2. The theory behind the use of smaller whiskers was to improve the elevated temperature strength of the composite by decreasing the mean free path between the reinforcing fibers.
It has been found that a decreased mean free path between whiskers due to use of the smaller VS whiskers for reinforcement, instead of VLS whiskers, increases the high temperature strength of reinforced MoSi2 by a factor of two. It is believed that the reason for this is that at elevated temperatures the mode of failure of MoSi2 is dislocation plasticity; the small VS whiskers act in a dispersion strengthening mechanism to inhibit dislocation motion. Since there is little or no dislocation motion in MoSi2 at room temperature, the small whiskers effected only modest improvement in fracture toughness at room temperature. The larger VLS whiskers are much better suited for the typical ceramic toughening mechanisms such as crack deflection.
A high percentage of the VS whiskers used in the experimentation were not normal straight whiskers, but were irregularly shaped, or bent. However, this should have no effect on the experimental results, since the strengthening mechanism does not depend on whisker shape. The VLS whiskers used included a very small amount of particulate due to the method of harvesting.
The high temperature oxidation resistance of MoSi2 is one of its most attractive properties. Its oxidation resistance in the 1000�-1700� C. range is due to formation of a silica (SiO2) layer on its surface which functions as a protective film. MoSi2 is used as a resistance heating element in industry for temperatures up to about 1750� C. In the range of 300� to 600� C., there exists a region where MoSi2 can be completely disintegrated by a oxidation process involving molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). The process is highly dependent on the microstructure and occurs only through the pore channels in the MoSi2. Therefore the problem is a function of porosity, and if the porosity can be controlled, the problem is eliminated. There is no reaction between MoSi2 and SiC, even at temperatures up to the melting point of MoSi2.
The procedure for making the MoSi2 composites was the same for both VS and VLS whiskers. The materials used were 99.9% pure MoSi2 powder (obtained from Alfa Products of Danvers, MA) and 20 vol% of whiskers. It is believed that use of less than 10 vol% whiskers will not yield a sufficiently strong material and that up to about 30 vol% can be used. The powder and whiskers were weighed out after calculating the required weight by reference to densities and blended dry for one minute in a small high-speed blender similar to a coffee grinder. The mixture was then placed in a Grafoil� lined die for hot-pressing into disks measuring approximately 31.8 mm in diameter by 6.35 mm thick.
Hot-pressing was performed in argon and temperatures were measured optically. A load of 30.5 MPa (4.429 ksi) was applied as the increasing temperature reached 1200� C. Press movement usually stopped when the temperature was about 1700� C., at which point heating was stopped and a hold period started. Hold times at the peak temperature of about 1700� C. were about 5 minutes and then slow cooling was started, though it may be desirable to use longer hold times of up to about one hour. When the decreasing temperature reached 1200� C., the load was slowly removed and the sample allowed to cool to room temperature.
Densities of the hot pressed composites were very good, ranging between 97% and 98.4% of theoretical, which is 5.691 g/cm. Photomicrographs of the inventive composite show whisker clumps aligned in a plane perpendicular to the hot-pressing direction. It is apparent that these clumps of whiskers act as flaws, since they trap voids within the clusters. A larger increase in room temperature strength should be observed upon elimination of these clumps. Strength at high temperatures is not as sensitive to these pockets of flaws.
Four-point bend tests are a method for determining the strength of a material in a relatively simple and inexpensive manner. This type of test requires compressive loading, which allows the test to be easily run at high temperatures. A chevron notch fracture test may be used to measure fracture toughness. It has the advantages that the test member is relatively easy to machine, no precracking is required, and no crack length measurements are required. Note that strengths of ceramics may vary widely in accordance with the type of test used to determine strength. The test equipment, methods of conducting tests, and the equations used to solve for strength and fracture toughness are known to those skilled in the art.
Test members in the shape of rectangular bars having the dimensions 3.8�5.08�25.4 mm long were machined from the hot pressed disks. In the strength tests, two load points on a 5.08 mm wide face of the test member were 9.5 mm apart and the other two load points on the opposite face were 19.0 mm apart. The load point spacing for the fracture toughness tests were the same but the loads were applied to the 3.8 mm wide faces of the test member, rather than a 5.08 mm wide face. The width of the notch for the fracture toughness tests was 0.25 mm and material was machined away leaving a V shape with the point of the V being 1.02 mm away from the narrow face of the bar, such that the height of the V was 4.06 mm. The width of the V was 3.81 mm.
Each of the tests was duplicated several times and the results reported in the Tables are averages of several tests. During the high temperature tests, the test members were soaked at temperature for about 1/2 hour, until the strain due to thermal expansion decreased to below 1% of the total strain. The test members were loaded using a constant strain rate of 0.025 mm/min.
Table I presents ultimate flexure strengths as measured by four-point bend flexure tests of unreinforced MoSi2, MoSi2 with VLS whiskers, and MoSi2 with VS whiskers in megapascals and thousands of pounds per square inch. Elevated temperature ultimate bend strengths of the composites are approximate values because of plasticity of the materials at high temperatures. At room temperature, the inventive composite has about twice the strength of unreinforced MoSi2. At 1200� C., the inventive composite has over twice the strength of MoSi2 reinforced with VLS whiskers. There is no data point for VLS-reinforced MoSi2 at 1400� C. because the tests on the VLS-reinforced materail were done at an earlier time than the tests on the VS-reinforced material.
TABLE I______________________________________ULTIMATE STRENGTH MoSi.sub.2 MoSi.sub.2Temp., MoSi.sub.2 +VLS +VS�C. MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi)______________________________________ 22 150 (21.75) 310 (44.96) 283 (41.04)1200 -- 270.3 (39.21) 556.3 (80.68)1400 -- -- 306 (44.38)______________________________________
Since MoSi2 displays creep and stress relaxation at high temperatures, it is necessary to determine yield strength. Table II presents 0.2% offset yield strength. Offset yield strength is defined as the stress corresponding to the intersection of the stress-strain curve and a line parallel to the elastic part of the curve offset by a specified strain. Unlike the ultimate strength values, these yield strengths are exact in value.
The Drawing is based on room temperature ultimate strengths from Table I and high temperature yield strengths from Table II.
TABLE II______________________________________0.2% OFFSET YIELD STRENGTH MoSi.sub.2 MoSi.sub.2Temp., MoSi.sub.2 +VLS +VS�C. MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi)______________________________________1200 138.8 (20.1) 247.4 (35.9) 386.2 (56.01)1300 -- -- 158.8 (23.05)1400 18.6 (2.7) 42.9 (6.2) 87.5 (12.69)1500 7.73 (1.12) -- --______________________________________
Table III reports fracture toughness at room temperature. As mentioned above, reinforcement with VLS whiskers provides better fracture toughness than use of VS whiskers. However, the increase exhibited by VS whisker-reinforced MoSi2, in comparison to unreinforced MoSi2, is significant and VS whiskers provide much better high temperature strength than VLS whiskers.
TABLE III______________________________________FRACTURE TOUGHNESS MoSi.sub.2 MoSi.sub.2MoSi.sub.2 +VLS +VSMPa-m.sup. 0.5 MPa-m.sup. 0.5 MPa-m.sup. 0.5(ksi-in..sup. 0.5) (ksi-in..sup. 0.5) (ksi-in..sup. 0.5)______________________________________5.32 8.20 6.82(4.83) (7.45) (6.20)______________________________________
It is helpful to review the strengthening and toughening mechanisms acting in ceramic composites in determining why the use of VS whiskers provides improvement over VLS whiskers. The same mechanisms operate with respect to intermetallic composites in the brittle state. Fibers or whiskers are usually added to improve the fracture toughness of a ceramic, not its strength. This is because the strength of ceramics is high but is not reliable. It is reliability, which is associated with fracture toughness, that one would like to improve. In ceramics, resistance to fracture cannot be provided, as in metals, through the movement of dislocations, since this movement does not normally occur. Toughening can be accomplished by changing the microstructure of a ceramic so that resistance to fracture is provided by the microstructure, thus reducing the stress at the tip of a crack.
A mechanism of strengthening of a composite reinforced with fibers is load transfer. This type of strengthening is based on the fact that a low modulus matrix transfers all of the load to high modulus fibers. The matrix also serves to protect the fiber. However, since the Young's modulus of many ceramic matrices are typically on the same order as the modulus of the fibers which would reinforce them, the load transfer model has limited value.
Most toughening mechanisms in ceramics modify the ceramic microstructure so as to reduce the stress field around and in front of the tip of a crack. These mechanisms include phase transformation, crack branching, crack bowing, crack deflection, crack bridging, whisker pullout, debonding of fibers in the stress field of the crack, and property mismatches in thermal expansion and elastic modulus.
Prestressing of a matrix and fibers is achieved by means of differences in the thermal expansion of the fiber and the matrix. It is desired to have the fiber in tension and the matrix surrounding the fiber in compression. Compressive stresses decrease as the cube of the distance from the fiber surface and so this mechanism requires a high density of uniformly spaced fibers, or a small mean free path.
The inclusion of a ductile crack-impeding second phase, such as cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide, is a highly effective toughening mechanism. However, normal candidates for these ductile metal fibers are not sufficiently refractory for many processes and applications.
Phase transformation toughening results from stress-induced phase transformation of particulate inclusions in a ceramic matrix. The most commonly used particle is partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia. Toughening occurs mainly as a result of an expansion in volume of tetragonal zirconia particles as they are transformed to the monoclinic form. Residual stresses surround the particle after the transformation, which act to decrease the stress field at the crack tip.
Microcracking is the result of the combined effect of stresses developed at grain boundaries due to thermoelastic anisotropy. Mismatches in thermal expansion are the most common causes of microcracking, but mismatches due to phase transformation and elastic modulus can also contribute. Stresses arising from the main crack can nucleate microcracks away from the main crack. Crack propagation proceeds by a process of linkage between the main crack and the microcracks.
Crack bowing occurs when sections of cracks are pinned by the microstructure, or by second-phase inclusions in the solid. The free faces of the crack front then bow around the pinning sites, and join up on the other side of these sites.
Crack deflection and whisker pullout are two mechanisms which have been observed in the MoSi2 -SiC whisker system. Crack deflection can occur by deflecting along fiber-matrix interfaces, possibly leading to fiber pullout. Pullout is normally important at elevated temperatures. Pullout requires a weak bond strength between the matrix and the fiber. This bond strength, sometimes very high in ceramic composites, can be altered with the use of fiber coatings such as carbon. The crack may also branch into two paths around or through a particle or fiber due to the orientation of preferred fracture surfaces, such as grain boundaries or cleavage planes.
Grain size, which can be affected by the addition of reinforcement, is a factor in crack deflection. Other factors are the volume fraction and shape of the reinforcement. Small aspect ratio whiskers will improve the toughness, due to pullout and bridging, and large aspect ratio whiskers will improve crack deflection characteristics. The increase in toughness due to crack deflection is highest for rods of high aspect ratio, followed by discs and then spheres.
Most ceramic composites involve more than one toughening mechanism and in many composites there is no dominant mechanism. The successful ceramic composite design will take advantage of this fact.
Load transfer is a plausible model for high temperature strengthening by VLS whiskers, but it is not plausible for high temperature strengthening by VS whiskers. This is because of whisker size. The load transfer model was developed for continuous fibers, and while the VLS whiskers are not continuous, the VS whiskers do not even approach the requirements for this model. VLS whiskers are at least twenty times longer than the VS whiskers; they have an aspect ratio of about 10:1, whereas VLS whiskers have an aspect ratio of about 20 to 30:1. The important point is that the load transfer model requires a critical aspect ratio for optimum strengthening. This was calculated to be 12 for the purely elastic case, and 53 for the plastic case. The VS whiskers are much shorter, relative to the grain size of MoSi2, and also have a smaller aspect ratio; therefore, they are not long enough to provide adequate strengthening due to load transfer.
What is the strengthening mechanism which can account for a factor of five increase in strength in the VS whisker composite at 1400� C.? A mechanism that comes to mind is dispersion strengthening. The reason that this seemingly nontraditional ceramic composite strengthening mechanism has been proposed will become apparent from the following paragraphs.
MoSi2 undergoes substantial deformation during fracture at and above 1200� C. Normally, the fracture behavior of ceramics is very different from that of metals. Ceramics behave in a brittle manner, as does MoSi2 at room temperature. Neither the strength nor toughness of ceramics is controlled by dislocation motion, as with metals, because dislocations are either immobile or are not mobile on enough slip systems to influence toughness. Therefore, ceramics are made tougher by modifying the microstructure and providing resistance to fracture via the microstructure itself, not by the movement of dislocations.
This reasoning cannot be applied to the behavior of MoSi2 at high temperature. Therefore, a different way of viewing fracture in MoSi2 must be used to fully understand its behavior and how to control it. It is believed that the mode of fracture in this system at high temperature is plastic deformation through dislocation motion.
Very often, in a two phase system such as this, an indication of grain boundary sliding, or diffusional creep, is large void formations at boundaries between the two phases. There is no evidence of void formation at the grain boundaries, though SEM studies were done. There is also no decrease in grain size with the addition of the SiC whiskers, which would increase the effects of grain boundary sliding.
It is believed that the deformation of the composites is due to classical dislocation plasticity, rather than grain boundary sliding or diffusional creep. Transmission electron microscopy is presently being performed on samples to further describe this dislocation plasticity and to provide more direct evidence to support this belief.
An explanation for the dramatic increase in strength of the VS whisker composite over the VLS whisker composite follows from the model of dislocation plasticity. The mean free path is smaller for the VS whisker composite than for the VLS whisker composite and thus strengthening due to dispersion strengthening is more effective. The VS whiskers are acting as "pinning agents" to control the dislocation motion. The degree of strengthening resulting from second-phase particles depends on the distribution of particles in the ductile matrix. For a constant volume fraction of reinforcement, a decrease in reinforcement size will decrease the average distance between the reinforcing particles, or the mean free path. One of the reasons for adding VS whiskers, as compared to VLS whiskers, is to reduce the mean free path. Though most particle dispersion models are based on spherical particles, rods and plates strengthen about twice as much as spherical particles, at the same volume fraction. VS whiskers can be thought of as small rods, which satisfies the geometry for a more optimal strengthening. A fine particle acts as a barrier to dislocations by requiring the dislocation cut to pass through it, thus requiring a large amount of stress, or a particle can resist the dislocation path altogether, forcing the dislocation to bypass the particle.
The VLS whisker composite, as would be expected from this analysis, showed a decrease in strength at 1200� C., compared to room temperature. This is because the large whiskers are ineffective for controlling dislocations, since the mean free path is very large relative to the matrix grain size.
Strength at room temperature is very much dependent on porosity of the sample, because there is no plastic deformation. Porosity of the VS samples was fairly high within the large clumps of whiskers, as mentioned above. These large whisker clumps acted as large flaws, causing a decrease in room temperature strength of the VS composites. If these large clumps can be dispersed, both the strength and fracture toughness will be improved, especially at room temperature. It is not the clumps of whiskers themselves, but rather the porosity within these clumps which reduces room temperature strength. Elevated temperature strength is not as sensitive to these pores. A wet-blending process could be used to avoid formation of clumps, resulting in a composite with better mechanical characteristics.
The relatively low strength of the VLS composite at room temperature is also due to pores, but in this case the pores surround individual whiskers, since these whiskers are large relative to the VS whiskers and relative to the MoSi2 grain size, which is typically 5 to 10 microns. The matrix cannot transfer load to a whisker if there are gaps between the matrix and the whisker. This must reduce the material's strength.
Therefore, the VLS whiskers provide a greater amount of toughening at low temperatures than the VS whiskers because they are longer, have a much larger diameter, and provide a larger obstacle to the propagating crack. The size of the VS whisker is suited for controlling dislocation motion, but cannot provide as much toughening as the VLS whiskers do at room temperature, when there is no dislocation plasticity.
When the whisker is surrounded by the matrix, the bond is normally very strong. A strong bond is good for strengthening of many metal and polymer composites, but too strong a bond is not good for the toughness of most ceramic composites, since most reinforcements have a modulus on the same order as the matrix. Therefore, the propagating crack would not be deflected, or the whisker would not show any debonding or pullout, if the bond strength was too high. VLS whiskers do provide a fair amount of whisker pullout at high temperatures. However, the VLS composite at this temperature was not as strong as the VS composite because it was not stopping dislocation plasticity.
Utilizing a smaller whisker and thus a shorter mean free path causes a dramatic increase in high temperature strength; a similar effect should be attained by addition of fine SiC powder instead of whiskers. Since VLS whiskers provide better fracture toughness at room temperature than VS whiskers, a composite consisting of MoSi2 with VLS SiC whiskers and fine SiC powder should result in excellent strength and fracture toughness at both room temperature and high temperature.
In attempts to eliminate the clumps of whiskers discussed above, a wet processing method was developed. The first step in the wet processing method is to subject the VS whiskers to a separation process to remove agglomerations of whiskers. In the experimental work accomplished to date, in which the following sedimentation process was used, whiskers were dispersed in deionized water at a pH of about 9.5. The pH can be adjusted by use of any common base and/or acid, such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrogen chloride. Experimentation in which the pH is varied has not been accomplished, but it is believed that values on the alkaline side will be satisfactory with desired values being above about 9.5. The amount of water used was large compared to the quantity of whiskers. About 300 ml of water per 1 g of whiskers was used, which is equivalent to 0.33 wt% of whiskers in water. However, the amount of water used per unit of whiskers is not critical and may vary greatly.
Dispersion of the whiskers may be accomplished by stirring, but in order to increase the yield of usable whiskers, it is believed desirable to provide a high degree of agitation to the whisker-containing water. In our experimentation, high shear homogenation, by means of an appropriately configured agitator, and sonification were used. After dispersion and agitation, the water-whisker slurry was allowed to stand for about five minutes in order to allow agglomerations of whiskers to settle to the bottom of the vessel containing the slurry. The supernatant, which contained whiskers in suspension, was recovered by decantation. The supernatant was allowed to stand for about 24 hours and then the liquid was drained from the whiskers, thus completing the sedimentation process. The duration of the settling periods may vary widely from the five minutes and 24 hours used; the solutions must stand for a sufficient period to effect the necessary separations. The whiskers were then dried by means of an oven at a temperature above 100� C. or by exposure to the atmosphere without heating, though this drying step may not be necessary.
A slip solution containing the dried whiskers and MoSi2 powder in water was prepared. The solids loading of the slip is not critical, but is preferably from about 40% to about 65 wt% solids. Deionized water having a pH adjusted to 9.5 or above is used in the slip solution. The slip is cast into a plaster of paris mold and allowed to set, which required about one minute. The casting was dried in air or in an oven and then crushed and milled to yield a powder suitable for hot-pressing. In our experimentation, the powder was reduced to a size which would pass through a 10 mesh screen.
The powder was then hot pressed as described above. The average pressed density obtained at 1700� C. and 4.6 ksi was 5.39 g/cm3 or 94.7% of theoretical density. Micrographic examination revealed no whisker clumps. Though testing of the composites made by this wet process has not been accomplished, it is expected that strength and fracture toughness will be improved by the elimination or reduction of the clumps of whiskers achieved by this wet processing technique.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described wet processing method may be varied and that the essence of the method is removing agglomerated whiskers and efficiently mixing the non-agglomerated whiskers with MoSi2 to obtain a substantially homogenous mixture for hot pressing.
Experiments were conducted in which the water-whisker slurry was stirred and sonified and immediately cast into a mold. The dried powder from this procedure was hot pressed. Clumps were present in the composite.
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|Mar 28, 1997
|Nov 23, 1999
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Ceramic matrix composite and method of manufacturing the same
|Feb 9, 2000
|Sep 11, 2001
|Ohio Aerospace Institute
|Pest resistant MoSi2-based materials containing in-situ grown β-Si3N4whiskers
|Jun 18, 2001
|May 21, 2002
|Ohio Aerospace Institute
|Pest resistant MoSi2-based materials containing in-situ grown β-Si3N4 whiskers
|Apr 16, 2002
|Sep 2, 2003
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Microalloying of transition metal silicides by mechanical activation and field-activated reaction
|Sep 15, 1993
|Mar 16, 1995
|Abb Patent Gmbh
|Por�se Formk�rper aus Siliziumkarbid
|Sep 15, 1993
|Jul 11, 2002
|Harald Lorson
|Verfahren zur Herstellung eines por�sen Formk�rpers aus Siliciumcarbid
|Jan 22, 1996
|Aug 1, 1996
|Fuji Electric Co Ltd
|Ceramic heating element used in IR sources
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 4, 1989
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE, AS REPRESENTED BY T
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Wiley S. Rogers, Margie Jackson, Kenneth McKinney; A new genus of sponge from the Middle Ordovician. Journal of Paleontology ; 38 (1): 135–137. doi:
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A new genus of Middle Ordovician sponge (Hyalospongia, Leptomitidae), Offella, and its type species, Offella spondeum, are established from an analysis of 126 individuals from the lowermost biofacies of the Lenoir Limestone in Cahaba Valley, Ala. Reconstnstruction of the paleoecology of this area indicates a sublittoral environment. The Lenoir Limestone is amended to include the Odenville Limestone as its lowermost biofacies.--V.M.J
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subset: commoncrawl


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Fast Pain Relief Using Trigger-Points
One of the most common complaints that we see in the acupuncture clinic is joint pain, and especially various types of back pain. While man…
Peter is a quality massage therapist who is very knowledgeable about the body and adept at finding knots that need attention. His style combines massage strokes with stretching and an emphasis on breathing to help me feel more relaxed and invigorated. Some words to describe him include friendly, caring, attentive, prompt, engaging, courteous, and a good sense of humor.
— Jeffery


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Cement tiles
It's national cement tile day and we are celebrating by rounding up our favorite 35 online resources – not 35 tiles, mind you, 35 different designers/makers/artisans and sellers that have many, if not
Fireplace tiling- THE BEST NEUTRAL CEMENT TILES Cement tile is gorgeous and we are using it in several of our projects. We are sharing 18 of our favorite neutral options and where to find them
15 stylish bathroom tile patterns for your bathroom decor inspiration. Tile is a prominently used bathroom material available in a wide variety of styles, budgets and patterned designs. For more bathroom tile styling ideas go to Domino.
Love these Moroccan cement tiles by Claesson Koivisto Rune - for Master bedroom
Shop Moroccan Mosaic Tile House Casa x Handmade Cement Tile in Black and White, Merola Tile Twenties Classic in. Ceramic Floor and Wall - The Home Depot, Cementine Black & White
Vanessa Matsalla Wood to Cement Tile transition.
LOVE THE TILE WALL. Master Bathroom Renovation- How to achieve a farmhouse style bathroom- farmhouse style- bathroom- remodeled bathroom- farmhouse bathroom- cement tile- copper accents- farmhouse style- bathroom update- bathroom reveal- bath
like pattern - comes in gray or navy Cement Tile Shop - Encaustic Cement Tile Tulum II
This would be pretty as my laundry room floor and/or my master bath shower tiles. Cement Tiles - Normandy 941 A 8 x 8 - By Granada Tile Sample
A starry sky of Popham Design cement tiles above the tub in Ashley Maddox's Paris apartment もっと見る


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If who you are is where you sit, then the Felt chair by Keilhauer is the serious executive's swank throne. With its clean, minimalist lines formed by layers of felt, this chair is as much a sculptural object as it is a comfy spot to park your rear end. It's also ecofriendly: The boxy frame is made mostly of natural, biodegradable materials, and it uses no glue or plastic. "The chair is made by cutting, stacking, and folding," says its designer, Brent Cordner. "It's a simple procedure for simple materials." How does such a straightforward design stack up against the competition? In June, Felt won an Innovation Award at NeoCon, the furniture trade show. Simple, yes; cheap, no. The chair costs $4,400. Visit Keilhauer on the Web (www.keilhauer.com).FCS
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Written on: 19/11/2013
I just love my new kanken!!!!!!! It is wonderful!!!
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text: Home > FITNESS > LEG MAGIC – leg tonic – lediscounteurdunet – sport et fitness – vêtements et articles de sports LEG MAGIC – leg tonic – lediscounteurdunet – sport et fitness – vêtements et articles de sports fitblaster.com April 21, 20152015-04-21T19:22:21+00:002015-04-21T19:22:21+00:00 FITNESS No Comments Tweet Pin It Easy Related Posts Pilates: Side Sit Ups on the Big Ball - Women's Fitness ...read more Woman loses Planet Fitness membership for complaints against transgender woman ...read more Heavy Deadlift Singles (545lbs at 17yo) ...read more Training & fitness programs - Free matchmaking - Find Fitness singles ...read more VEGAN Bodybuilding & Diet - THE TRUTH ...read more Fitness 19 June 2010 ...read more Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Name (required) Email (required) Website Related Posts Oh My Fitness Pal.. Fitness First Singapore BodyCOMBAT Demo Pilates: Side Sit Ups on the Big Ball – Women's Fitness Planet Fitness Top 8.3 Countdown Women Fitness Training – The Shocking Truth About Female Fitness And Fat Loss Trolling at Planet Fitness. MUST SET OFF LUNK! articles on fitness and exercise Sports Direct Buy Military Singles | Dating


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The concept is one of the oldest in existence-make the other guy look bad by beating him down verbally. Abuse is a fast-playing game of instant gratification at its most base-serving up heapin' helpings of nastiness on your friends, before they can do the same to you. To quote that eminent sage George Carlin, "It's all about 'doing the dozens.'"
Other Items from Families and Parties
Gumball Rally -
1960: Making of a President -
Berserker Halflings from the Dungeon of Dragons -
Spank the Monkey -
Fairy Tale -
Scurvy Musketeers B-Movie Card Game -
Reiner Knizia's Sudoku: The Card Game -
For Honor and Glory -
Forged in Fire -
Blood of Noble Men: The Alamo -
Cowboys -


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Sanngto Aika Trailer (2014)
02 October 2014
Bollywood 2014
Watch the official Sanngto Aika 2014 trailer in HD below or find more Sanngto Aika videos on Vidimovie.
02 October 2014
Bollywood 2014
Watch the official Sanngto Aika 2014 trailer in HD below or find more Sanngto Aika videos on Vidimovie.
India 02 October 2014
More movie trailers, teasers, and clips from Sanngto Aika:
Share on Facebook: Tweet about this: Share on G+ : Sanngto Aika - Official Trailer - Sachin ...
Share on Facebook: Tweet about this: Share on G+ : Salman Khan Launches Trailer & Music Of ...
Share this video on Facebook: Tweet about this: Sanngto Aika - Official Teaser - Sachin Pilgaonkar - Upcoming ...
Share this video on Facebook: Tweet about this: Share on G+ : Click here to download all songs from ...
Entire team and cast of Sanngto Aika with Salman Khan and other renowned celebrities were present at the music and the trailer launch of Sanngto Aika on 15th ...
Check out the cast of Sanngto Aika having fun on the sets while shooting with the director of the movie Satish Rajwade. Subscribe to this channel and stay ...
These some of the most viewed trailers for movies released in 2014:
27 August 2014
An ex- CIA operative is brought back in on a very personal mission and finds himself pitted against his former pupil in a deadly game involving high level CIA officials and the Russian president-elect.
12 December 2014
An ancient myth of a massive creature sparks the curiosity of Tinker Bell and her good friend Fawn, an animal fairy who's not afraid to break the rules to help an animal in need.
27 August 2014
A fading actor best known for his portrayal of a popular superhero attempts to mount a comeback by appearing in a Broadway play.
16 July 2014
All-stars from the previous Step Up installments come together in glittering Las Vegas, battling for a victory that could define their dreams and their careers.
08 October 2014
A successful lawyer returns to his hometown for his mother's funeral only to discover that his estranged father, the town's judge, is suspected of murder.
07 August 2014
The city needs heroes. Darkness has settled over New York City as Shredder and his evil Foot Clan have an iron grip on everything from the police to the politicians.
24 October 2014
The special bond that develops between plus-sized inflatable robot Baymax, and prodigy Hiro Hamada, who team up with a group of friends to form a band of high-tech heroes.
26 November 2014
Dale, Kurt and Nick decide to start their own business but things don't go as planned because of a slick investor, prompting the trio to pull off a harebrained and misguided kidnapping scheme.
15 October 2014
Last months of World War II in April 1945. As the Allies make their final push in the European Theater, a battle-hardened U.
26 September 2014
The story of a young man disillusioned by love who meets a breathtaking young woman at a charity dinner by pretending to be a philanthropist.
18 November 2014
Katniss Everdeen reluctantly becomes the symbol of a mass rebellion against the autocratic Capitol.
13 August 2014
It's the ultimate buddy cop movie except for one thing: they're not cops. When two struggling pals dress as police officers for a costume party, they become neighborhood sensations.
Have you watched Sanngto Aika yet? What did you think about it?


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Do you ever lose track of what kinds of cheese are okay to eat on the Specific Carbohydrate Diet? I made this infographic to help you keep track of what kinds of cheese you can eat whenever you want, what kinds are for once in a while, and what kinds you should avoid altogether.
Sherry Lipp
Latest posts by Sherry Lipp (see all)
- SCD Recipe: Homemade Mayonnaise - October 13, 2017
- SCD Recipe: Banana Mini-Bundt Cakes - August 31, 2017
- SCD Recipe: Lime Pudding and Pudding Pops - August 20, 2017


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From Our Editors
Whether you get through the entire course or just half of it, you'll still get some good golfing in at Beechwood Golf Course in Falls Creek.
Easy parking is accessible for Beechwood Golf Course's customers. So if you're looking for a great round of golf in Falls Creek, swing on over to Beechwood Golf Course.


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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|April 10, 2013 10:15 PM EDT
SINGAPORE, April 10, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Frost & Sullivan hosted the 7th Annual OSS BSS Asia Pacific Summit on April 3 – 4 2013 at the Amara Sanctuary Resort in Sentosa, Singapore. This two-day summit looked into the OSS BSS systems and business processes addressing the needs of changing business models, new technology evolution, support for cloud services, and real-time customer insight analysis.
Manoj Menon, Partner and Asia Pacific Managing Director, Frost & Sullivan, who kick-started the summit on Mega Trends within the communications industry, said, "Today's businesses are impacted by everything from social networking to mobile data, presence, location, unified communications and video. These factors enable broader 'megatrends' that drive all facets of society including urbanization, smart infrastructure, geo socialization, cyber realities, and even smart cloud services." Many of these trends were discussed during the conference with a focus around the challenges faced by service providers in transforming IT and OSS BSS to meet current market demands.
Siobhan Ryley, Head Cross Portfolio Strategy, CSG International in her presentation stated, "The topic on convergent policy-enabled real-time rating and charging continues to be a perennial subject focus. The key business and technology aspects surrounding this topic are cloud based services, policy controlled network connectivity management, machine-to-machine usage transaction management, new business models with key enterprise customers, innovative pricing plans, and social media inspired charging. The business reasons for it have increased greatly over the past 12 months and will continue to change in the months to come."
The two-day summit progressed with presentations by: Kazi Rahman Grameenphone, Banladesh; Richard Harshman, Head of ASEAN, Amazon Web Services; Mahesh Femando, Head of VAS, Bharti Airtel Lanka; Johann Ginger, Principal Solution Architect, Oracle Communications; Jonie Oostveen Director Strategic Partnerships, eBuddy Singapore; Ricky A. Bangun, Industry Lead, Communications & Media, Asia, Microsoft Singapore; and Karl Whitelock Director Global OSS BSS Strategy, Stratecast | Frost & Sullivan.
One hot topic looked into maximising customer lifecycle value by enhancing cross-channel customer experiences. This focuses on the complex sphere of customer experience, particularly in today's cross-channel environment. In particular, two interesting aspects discussed were a personalised customer buying experience across all customer touch points and a single point of truth based on integrated systems that can deliver the capability to define products, services, bundles, promotions, and campaigns.
Several panel discussions on a variety of topics across the two-day conference saw representatives from PLDT, Matrixx Software, CSG International, TimedotCom, Parallels, Indonesia Cloud Forum, Redknee, YTL Communications, TrueMove, eBuddy Singapore, Antics Studios, Tagit, and Citycell Bangladesh.
For more details on this Summit email your request to [email protected] or visit http://www.frost-apac.com/oss/asiapacific
CSG is the gold sponsor for the summit and Oracle is the exclusive round-table sponsor. Redknee, Matrixx Software and Parallels are the partner sponsors and Wedo is the exhibition sponsor. 360 view and Telecom Asia are the official publications and Online TV media partners. CIO Asia, Computer World Singapore, MIS Asia, Digital News Asia (DNA) and Telecom Watch are media partners.
About Frost & Sullivan
Frost & Sullivan, the Growth Partnership Company, works in collaboration with clients to leverage visionary innovation that addresses the global challenges and related growth opportunities that will make or break today's market participants.
Our "Growth Partnership" supports clients by addressing these opportunities and incorporating two key elements driving visionary innovation: The Integrated Value Proposition and The Partnership Infrastructure.
- The Integrated Value Proposition provides support to our clients throughout all phases of their journey to visionary innovation including: research, analysis, strategy, vision, innovation and implementation.
- The Partnership Infrastructure is entirely unique as it constructs the foundation upon which visionary innovation becomes possible. This includes our 360 degree research, comprehensive industry coverage, career best practices as well as our global footprint of more than 40 offices.
For more than 50 years, we have been developing growth strategies for the global 1000, emerging businesses, the public sector and the investment community.
Is your organization prepared for the next profound wave of industry convergence, disruptive technologies, increasing competitive intensity, Mega Trends, breakthrough best practices, changing customer dynamics and emerging economies?
Contact Us: Start the discussion
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Corporate Communications
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SOURCE Frost & Sullivan
Sanjeev Sharma Joins June 5-7, 2018 @DevOpsSummit at @Cloud Expo New York Faculty. Sanjeev Sharma is an internationally known DevOps and Cloud Transformation thought leader, technology executive, and author. Sanjeev's industry experience includes tenures as CTO, Technical Sales leader, and Cloud Architect leader. As an IBM Distinguished Engineer, Sanjeev is recognized at the highest levels of IBM's core of technical leaders.
Nov. 22, 2017 01:45 PM EST Reads: 4,337
Nordstrom is transforming the way that they do business and the cloud is the key to enabling speed and hyper personalized customer experiences. In his session at 21st Cloud Expo, Ken Schow, VP of Engineering at Nordstrom, discussed some of the key learnings and common pitfalls of large enterprises moving to the cloud. This includes strategies around choosing a cloud provider(s), architecture, and lessons learned. In addition, he covered some of the best practices for structured team migration an...
Nov. 22, 2017 01:00 PM EST Reads: 1,459
Digital transformation is about embracing digital technologies into a company's culture to better connect with its customers, automate processes, create better tools, enter new markets, etc. Such a transformation requires continuous orchestration across teams and an environment based on open collaboration and daily experiments. In his session at 21st Cloud Expo, Alex Casalboni, Technical (Cloud) Evangelist at Cloud Academy, explored and discussed the most urgent unsolved challenges to achieve f...
Nov. 22, 2017 01:00 PM EST Reads: 1,029
Recently, WebRTC has a lot of eyes from market. The use cases of WebRTC are expanding - video chat, online education, online health care etc. Not only for human-to-human communication, but also IoT use cases such as machine to human use cases can be seen recently. One of the typical use-case is remote camera monitoring. With WebRTC, people can have interoperability and flexibility for deploying monitoring service. However, the benefit of WebRTC for IoT is not only its convenience and interopera...
Nov. 22, 2017 12:51 PM EST Reads: 184
SYS-CON Events announced today that Synametrics Technologies will exhibit at SYS-CON's 22nd International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 5-7, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York, NY. Synametrics Technologies is a privately held company based in Plainsboro, New Jersey that has been providing solutions for the developer community since 1997. Based on the success of its initial product offerings such as WinSQL, Xeams, SynaMan and Syncrify, Synametrics continues to create and hone inn...
Nov. 22, 2017 12:15 PM EST Reads: 1,281
"WineSOFT is a software company making proxy server software, which is widely used in the telecommunication industry or the content delivery networks or e-commerce," explained Jonathan Ahn, COO of WineSOFT, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at 21st Cloud Expo, held Oct 31 – Nov 2, 2017, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Nov. 22, 2017 12:15 PM EST Reads: 220
The past few years have brought a sea change in the way applications are architected, developed, and consumed—increasing both the complexity of testing and the business impact of software failures. How can software testing professionals keep pace with modern application delivery, given the trends that impact both architectures (cloud, microservices, and APIs) and processes (DevOps, agile, and continuous delivery)? This is where continuous testing comes in. D
Nov. 22, 2017 12:00 PM EST Reads: 1,115
The dynamic nature of the cloud means that change is a constant when it comes to modern cloud-based infrastructure. Delivering modern applications to end users, therefore, is a constantly shifting challenge. Delivery automation helps IT Ops teams ensure that apps are providing an optimal end user experience over hybrid-cloud and multi-cloud environments, no matter what the current state of the infrastructure is. To employ a delivery automation strategy that reflects your business rules, making r...
Nov. 22, 2017 12:00 PM EST Reads: 1,334
There is a huge demand for responsive, real-time mobile and web experiences, but current architectural patterns do not easily accommodate applications that respond to events in real time. Common solutions using message queues or HTTP long-polling quickly lead to resiliency, scalability and development velocity challenges. In his session at 21st Cloud Expo, Ryland Degnan, a Senior Software Engineer on the Netflix Edge Platform team, will discuss how by leveraging a reactive stream-based protocol,...
Nov. 22, 2017 12:00 PM EST Reads: 475
[slides] Flip the Switch to Container Clouds | @CloudExpo @DateraInc #CloudNative #DevOps #Kubernetes
Modern software design has fundamentally changed how we manage applications, causing many to turn to containers as the new virtual machine for resource management. As container adoption grows beyond stateless applications to stateful workloads, the need for persistent storage is foundational - something customers routinely cite as a top pain point. In his session at @DevOpsSummit at 21st Cloud Expo, Bill Borsari, Head of Systems Engineering at Datera, explored how organizations can reap the bene...
Nov. 22, 2017 12:00 PM EST Reads: 994
Most technology leaders, contemporary and from the hardware era, are reshaping their businesses to do software. They hope to capture value from emerging technologies such as IoT, SDN, and AI. Ultimately, irrespective of the vertical, it is about deriving value from independent software applications participating in an ecosystem as one comprehensive solution. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Kausik Sridhar, founder and CTO of Pulzze Systems, discussed how given the magnitude of today's application ...
Nov. 22, 2017 11:45 AM EST Reads: 1,401
Digital Transformation (DX) is not a "one-size-fits all" strategy. Each organization needs to develop its own unique, long-term DX plan. It must do so by realizing that we now live in a data-driven age, and that technologies such as Cloud Computing, Big Data, the IoT, Cognitive Computing, and Blockchain are only tools. In her general session at 21st Cloud Expo, Rebecca Wanta explained how the strategy must focus on DX and include a commitment from top management to create great IT jobs, monitor ...
Nov. 22, 2017 11:16 AM EST Reads: 287
The 22nd International Cloud Expo | 1st DXWorld Expo has announced that its Call for Papers is open. Cloud Expo | DXWorld Expo, to be held June 5-7, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York, NY, brings together Cloud Computing, Digital Transformation, Big Data, Internet of Things, DevOps, Machine Learning and WebRTC to one location. With cloud computing driving a higher percentage of enterprise IT budgets every year, it becomes increasingly important to plant your flag in this fast-expanding busin...
Nov. 22, 2017 11:15 AM EST Reads: 1,527
"Digital transformation - what we knew about it in the past has been redefined. Automation is going to play such a huge role in that because the culture, the technology, and the business operations are being shifted now," stated Brian Boeggeman, VP of Alliances & Partnerships at Ayehu, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at 21st Cloud Expo, held Oct 31 – Nov 2, 2017, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Nov. 22, 2017 11:00 AM EST Reads: 523
Continuous Delivery makes it possible to exploit findings of cognitive psychology and neuroscience to increase the productivity and happiness of our teams. In his session at 22nd Cloud Expo | DXWorld Expo, Daniel Jones, CTO of EngineerBetter, will answer: How can we improve willpower and decrease technical debt? Is the present bias real? How can we turn it to our advantage? Can you increase a team's effective IQ? How do DevOps & Product Teams increase empathy, and what impact does empath...
Nov. 22, 2017 11:00 AM EST Reads: 484
You know you need the cloud, but you're hesitant to simply dump everything at Amazon since you know that not all workloads are suitable for cloud. You know that you want the kind of ease of use and scalability that you get with public cloud, but your applications are architected in a way that makes the public cloud a non-starter. You're looking at private cloud solutions based on hyperconverged infrastructure, but you're concerned with the limits inherent in those technologies. What do you do?
Nov. 22, 2017 10:00 AM EST Reads: 532
In his session at 21st Cloud Expo, Raju Shreewastava, founder of Big Data Trunk, provided a fun and simple way to introduce Machine Leaning to anyone and everyone. He solved a machine learning problem and demonstrated an easy way to be able to do machine learning without even coding. Raju Shreewastava is the founder of Big Data Trunk (www.BigDataTrunk.com), a Big Data Training and consulting firm with offices in the United States. He previously led the data warehouse/business intelligence and B...
Nov. 22, 2017 09:45 AM EST Reads: 1,352
Cloud Expo | DXWorld Expo have announced the conference tracks for Cloud Expo 2018. Cloud Expo will be held June 5-7, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York City, and November 6-8, 2018, at the Santa Clara Convention Center, Santa Clara, CA. Digital Transformation (DX) is a major focus with the introduction of DX Expo within the program. Successful transformation requires a laser focus on being data-driven and on using all the tools available that enable transformation if they plan to survive ov...
Nov. 22, 2017 09:15 AM EST Reads: 2,925
A strange thing is happening along the way to the Internet of Things, namely far too many devices to work with and manage. It has become clear that we'll need much higher efficiency user experiences that can allow us to more easily and scalably work with the thousands of devices that will soon be in each of our lives. Enter the conversational interface revolution, combining bots we can literally talk with, gesture to, and even direct with our thoughts, with embedded artificial intelligence, whic...
Nov. 22, 2017 09:15 AM EST Reads: 8,342
Smart cities have the potential to change our lives at so many levels for citizens: less pollution, reduced parking obstacles, better health, education and more energy savings. Real-time data streaming and the Internet of Things (IoT) possess the power to turn this vision into a reality. However, most organizations today are building their data infrastructure to focus solely on addressing immediate business needs vs. a platform capable of quickly adapting emerging technologies to address future ...
Nov. 22, 2017 08:30 AM EST Reads: 1,146


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David Reviews
Up-and-coming director Lucy Bridger has joined Nice Shirts tailored roster.
Comedy director Richard Peter Hunter has joined Blink for commercial representation.
Anna Carpen and Matthew Fone have been working on an important project and you can help.
Following Ben Strebel's recent arrival at Skunk, we caught up with the multi-talented director to find out all about him.
Comeback singles can be a tricky proposition. This is a comeback single of a different kind. Keshas court battle with music producer Dr Luke has been well-documented, and this promo for Praying lays bare her scars and - crucially - her resolve.
A brooding introduction sets the tone. Keshas narration feels more like a lament than a roar. That the music doesnt kick in for a full minute only heightens the anticipation. Its worth the wait.
What emerges is a vivid collage. Animalistic and religious imagery abound while Kesha is both cut adrift and trapped in a net - turmoil made tangible. Meanwhile, a wall of televisions displays empty words. Naturally, shes ready to end transmission.
Dollar sign shorn from her name, Kesha appears as a Technicolour revenant - ready to forgive, but never forget. Her unbound vocals make up for lost time. She even summons the elements: Ill bring thunder, Ill bring rain/When Im finished, they wont even know your name. Powerful stuff.
Feels real and genuine. Love the simplicity.


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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
Buffalo Bill's Story of the Wild West
by Buffalo Bill Cody
No current Talk conversations about this book.
title page:
Story of the Wild West and Camp-Fire Chats by Buffalo Bill (Hon. W.F. Cody).
A full and complete History of the Renowned Pioneer quartette, Boone, Crocket, Carson and Buffalo Bill. Replete with Graphic Description of Wild Life and Thrilling Adventures by Famous Heroes of the Frontier.
A Record of Exciting Events on the Western Borders Pushed Westward to the Sea; Massacres, Desperate Battles, Extraordinary Bravery, Marvelous Fortitude, Astounding Heroism, Grand Hunts, Savage Encounters, Adventures by Flood and Field, Rollicking Anecdotes, Tales of Sorrow, Droll Stories, Curious Escapades, and a Melodrama of Civilization in its March over Mountains and Prairies to the Pacific.
Including a Description of Buffalo Bill's Conquests in England with his Wild West Exhibition, where Royalty from all the European Nations paid him a Generous Homage and made his Wonderful Show the Greatest Success of Modern Times.
Superbly Illustrated with 250 Original Illustrations, made especially for the book.
I bought this one for the lurid cover (mine is turquoise and red; must upload a copy when I can remember to do it) and bombastic title. The title page, as quoted above, should be sufficient to explain why I tagged this one as historical fiction rather than history.
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Westward Bound, Alone
Written by David Leonard
Illustrated by
Westward Bound, Alone by David Leonard
About the Author
Other Formats
Book Info
Paperback / softback
104 pages
David Leonard
More books by David Leonard
Publication date
22nd August 2012
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Senior Editor: @coolhunting (art, alcohol, travel, style). Contributor: @voguemagazine + @tmagazine. Fiction writer, cultural advocate, man about town.
@DaveyBarrett — 2,610 followers, 32,095 tweets
RT @MetroPictures: David Graver speaks to Jim Shaw about "Michigan Stories" in Cool Hunting. #JimShaw #MikeKelley @MSUBroad…
The world may be falling apart but here is a lovely new music video from my friends in @lomoon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8mCtZnf4Xw
Busker with pan flute steps onto the R train I'm riding. Begins playing. Another man gasps and shouts "No! Not the fucking pan flute!" Quiet returns until first man then takes out harmonica and plays.
French Connection @FIAFNY by me for @voguemagazine online: https://www.vogue.com/article/christian-dior-ceo-sidney-toledano-peter-marino-fiaf-gala


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EU warehouse
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If you are in Cyprus, Malta, Bulgaria, Croatia, parcel handling fee would be 15 EUR extra;
If you are in Norway, Switzerland, parcel handling fee would be 20 EUR extra.
(EU Warehouse) Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 Pro (PRIME) 3+32GB Gray
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Regular Price: $350.99
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20% off every single thing. Use code GET20. One day only.
A walk through the Montemartre cemetery in Paris. Taken with my Nikon D60 w/50 mm lens.
paris cemetery dead grave places travel montmartre remembrance
Featured 5th July 2013A powerful image Cathy!
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Ardell Brede
|Ardell Brede
|44th Mayor of Rochester, Minnesota
|Assumed office
January 6, 2003
|Preceded by
|Chuck Canfield
|Personal details
June 23, 1939
Austin, Minnesota, U.S
|Judy Brede
|Alma mater
|Austin Junior College
Ardell F. Brede (born June 23, 1939) is the current Mayor of Rochester, Minnesota. Before he was elected, he worked as an administrator for the Mayo Clinic.
Brede first became mayor of Rochester on January 6, 2003.[1] He was preceded by Chuck Canfield. Born in Austin, Minnesota, Brede has lived in Rochester for 43 years.[2]
In 2007, Brede supported Oliver Latocki for Communitee for a Better Bepis for Minnesota's 1st congressional district: Rochester's district.[3]
Brede endorsed Hillary Clinton in the United States presidential election, 2016.[4]
Brede attended Austin Junior College and graduated with an Associates degree in commerce.
Personal life[edit]
He and his wife, Judy, have three children.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
- ^ City Webpage's Biography of Brede Archived November 20, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Brede's Campaign Website
- ^ Rochester, MN Political Contributions
- ^ Charles, Niala. "Lt. Governor Tina Smith campaigns for Hillary Clinton in Rochester". Retrieved 2016-08-09.
|Political offices
|Preceded by
Chuck Canfield
|Mayor of Rochester, Minnesota
|This article about a mayor in Minnesota is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Our church will be closed on Sunday Oct. 29 for our congregation to attend Maxville's Presbyterian Church anniversary at 11 am. We hope you can join us!
Also, our Church Ladies are hosting a Seniors Dinner on Monday Nov 6th at 5pm. We are still looking for pies and helpers for cleanup. Please contact Joan McKay for more information: fergus20 AT me.com
Moose Creek is located three kilometers west of Highway # 138 between Highway # 417 and Highway # 43.
We are members of the Presbytery of Seaway-Glengarry and we believe that our sense of community is strengthened through faith and fellowship.
Our service takes place on Sunday at 9:30 am and we welcome you to join us.
Our church is wheelchair accessible and we have a nursery for your children to play equipped with a sound system so parents can still hear the service while watching their children.


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OR Homes for Rent
Real Estate Listings: Homes for Rent in Oregon & Washington
3006 Willamette St.
Eugene, OR 97405
Special Offer
For RentCheck Your Credit Score »
Source ID:3215485
Listed:14 days ago
3006 Willamette St.
Eugene, OR 97405
Source ID:3215485
Listed:14 days ago
Published with AppFolio on 11/09.
Updated 11/23.
Related listing information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Metco Investment Realty, Inc.
Metco Investment Realty, Inc.
Phone: (541) 726-2400
Metco Investment Realty, Inc.
Home Description
Home Description
Great 1 bedroom close to LCC - Great 1 bedroom, 1 bath apartment on the corner of 30th & Willamette Street. Close to shopping, LCC and bus line. This apartment offers off-street parking, on-site laundry facilities and water/sewer/garbage is paid. No Smoking, No Pets, No Marijuana (medical or otherwise) APPLY ONLINE AT: www.metcorentals.com (RLNE2098939)
Full Baths:1
Click on toggles to move map in desired direction.
This map is informational only. No representation is made or warranty given as to its accuracy or content. User assumes all risk of use.
OregonLive.com, MapQuest and their suppliers assume no responsibility for any loss or delay resulting from such use.
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Published with AppFolio on 11/09.
Updated 11/23.
Related listing information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Eugene, OR Real Estate
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- Multi Family Homes & Houses in Eugene, OR
- Vacation Rentals & Timeshares in Eugene, OR


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Roger Federer Fuels Up at Kappo Masa; Jennifer Lopez Eats at Nello
This week's Celebrity Settings.By Vanessa Karalis
This week's Celebrity Settings.By Vanessa Karalis
This week's Celebrity Settings.By Vicky Gan
This week's Celebrity Settings.By Vicky Gan
Plus: Mayor de Blasio at Clarke's Standard, and more, in this week's roundup.By Jason Schwartzman
Plus: Tons of celebs at the opening of Tao Downtown, and more, in this week's roundup.By Khushbu Shah
The fab five.By Alexa Tsoulis-Reay
"I think, um, a helicopter."By Jada Yuan
"I'm really interested in history and politics ... I'll have a good take on it."By Jennifer Vineyard
John Cusack gets weak and weary.By Margaret Lyons
He plays the famous author in 'The Raven,' an upcoming film directed by James McTeigue.By Kyle Buchanan
"When the puppet cast of 1980s children's TV show 'The Happytime Gang' begins to get murdered one by one, a disgraced LAPD detective-turned-private eye puppet ... "By Avi Zenilman
He's attached to a part in 'Big Shoe,' about a foot-fetishizing shoe designer.By Lane Brown
"Send any poe — gold — my way as i begin this journey into the abyss."By Mike Vilensky
Call Me by Your Name Is a Masterpiece
Uma Thurman Taunts Harvey Weinstein in Thanksgiving Instagram
More Men Than You Think Identify As 'Mostly Straight'
What's New on Netflix: November 2017
All the Best Black Friday and Cyber Monday Sales
Buy All the Men in Your Life Gifts on Black Friday
Annie Proulx Gave One of the Best National Book Award Speeches in Recent Memory
Beyoncé's Toothbrush Is 47 Percent Off on Amazon
25 Movies to See (or Skip) This Thanksgiving Weekend
The 8 Most Catholic-School Things About Lady Bird


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Assistant Store Manager |A Brand at the Heart of Aussie Wardrobes | DFO Fyshwick
Category: Retail - Assistant Store Management
Location: ACT
Work Type: Permanent / Full Time
- Attractive Salary Package + great discounts
- Great career opportunities across various well-known brands
- Fast paced environment working with fantastic products
This retailer has come a long way over the last century to where they are today, making everything from shirts and socks to undies, hoodies and swimwear! They have continued to evolved to be a dominate force in the retail industry here in Australia for the past 100 years with a lust for life that comes from the very heart of their brand!
I am looking for an energetic, down to earth, skilled retailer who has the confidence to talk to any type of customers and make a lasting impact. Retail management experience is a must!
Who are we looking for?
- Ability to coach and develop the team
- Great communication skills with a passion for customer service
- An eye for detail with knowledge of Visual Merchandising
- Proven ability to achieve sales, wages and shrinkage targets
- Roster Management
- Exposure to Performance Management
What's in it for you?
- Fantastic growth and development opportunities
- A fun, encouraging and dynamic working environment
- Great base salary $48K + Super
- Amazing discounts. 50% for not only yourself but for friends and family!
- Clothing allowance quarterly
- Great bonus and incentive schemes
If you have a passion for retail and want to work with a growing retailer that has a lot to offer, make the move and Apply now!!


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4. American Craft Council Show
Jewelry, metalwork and clothing are among the offerings from more than 350 craftspeople at this three-day craftsplosion. Yes, that's a word now. Friday-Sunday. Baltimore Convention Center, 1 W. Pratt St., Downtown. $5-$30. shows.craftcouncil.org/baltimore
Scarf by Chicago artist Gina Pannorfi
Dashcam shows small plane in trouble before roadside crash
Hyde: All hope gone after Dolphins' sloppy loss to bad Bucs team | Commentary
Charles Manson, wild-eyed cult leader whose slayings horrified the nation, dies at 83
Copyright © 2017, Sun Sentinel


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Home >> Media - Radio >> Article
Radio Mirchi and DIAL join hands to launch India's first airport radio station
Radio Mirchi has joined hands with Delhi International Airport (P) Limited (DIAL) for setting up a 24x7 custom-produced airport radio. Radio Mirchi and DIAL have launched MIRCHI T3; co-curated by Radio Mirchi and the music trio-Shankar, Ehsaan & Loy. MIRCHI T3 is India's first airport radio that will transform and enhance and travel experience of passengers at T3 IGI Airport.
When asked Prashant Pandey, CEO and MD, ENIL, in a scenario where travellers carry their customised playlist, does he think Mirchi T3 will not get proper attention, he said, "It will definitely attract listeners because if you have noticed the behaviour of the people at the Airport about listening to music on their mobile phones, because they are busy as they are about to board their flights , and they check their email, facebook etc by using internet on their mobile phones before boarding their planes, on the plane they may be listening to music on their mobile phones, but at the airport they are not listening to music, so if music is playing at the background that is a value addition to them."
The music station has done their sound testing and the music will be ambient without disturbing to the travellers.
Sharing about the leverage Mirchi will get out of it, he said, "We always look at exposing the entertainment content especially in terms of audio. T3 is very important place for us because it alone handles around 30 million people and all these audiences are upscale audiences travelling from biggest cities around the country."
He also added, "I feel this is very interesting opportunity for brand Radio Mirchi."
The brand may expand this service to T1 in few months given the technical and equipment availability. The group is not looking for mass advertisers and stick to very limited and premium advertisers. Pandey said, "We will run empty bit will not run with Rifraf."
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Naidu also talks about the ushering in of a new era of digital payments and says this is just the beginning and there's lots of space for newer players to step in and evolve
Online and offline commerce should be seamless to derive profit: Markus Noder, Serviceplan International
Markus Noder, Managing Partner, Serviceplan International, shared innovative tools, ideas and methodologies to generate tangible business values
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India has become the diabetes capital of the world, with prevalence of the disease estimated to rise from 69.2 million to 123.5 million by 2040
Two teams from MICA and one from IIMC take home the trophies this year
Laban Stretchy Man, the new human shaped, stretchy, fruit flavoured chews from Orkla- Norway's number one confectionery brand, has been launched and localized by MTR Foods in India


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Filter Results:
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- This year (3)
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- Toby Johnson, Tom R. Gaunt, +101 authors Patricia B. Munroe
- American journal of human genetics
- 2011
Raised blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have identified 47 distinct genetic variants robustly associated with BP, but collectively these explain only a few percent of the heritability for BP phenotypes. To find additional BP loci, we used a bespoke gene-centric array to genotype an independent discovery… (More)
- Bruno Grassi, Mauro Marzorati, +6 authors Lucia Ovidia Morandi
- Muscle & nerve
- 2007
Patients with mitochondrial myopathies (MM) or myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease, McA) show impaired capacity for O(2) extraction, low maximal aerobic power, and reduced exercise tolerance. Non-invasive tools are needed to quantify the metabolic impairment. Six patients with MM, 6 with McA, 25 with symptoms of metabolic myopathy but negative… (More)
- Mario Cozzolino, Maria Antonietta Rizzo, Andrea Stucchi, Daniele Cusi, Maurizio Gallieni
- Therapeutic advances in chronic disease
- 2012
The term 'chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder' (CKD-MBD), coined in 2006, was introduced in a position statement by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization. According to the KDIGO guidelines, CKD-MBD is a systemic disorder and patients with vascular or valvular calcifications should be included in the group with the… (More)
- Mario Cozzolino, Florjan Mehmeti, +4 authors Daniele Cusi
- International journal of nephrology
- 2011
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a systemic disorder that associates with bone and cardiovascular disease, including arterial calcification. Treatment with calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, reduces parathyroid hormone levels, but may result in elevations in serum calcium and phosphorus, increasing the risk of vascular calcification in dialysis… (More)
- Mario Cozzolino, Elena Bruschetta, Andrea Stucchi, Claudio Ronco, Daniele Cusi
- Seminars in nephrology
- 2012
The involvement of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is attracting great interest. In patients with chronic kidney disease this association is stronger because vitamin D levels decrease as a result of renal progressive impairment. In chronic kidney disease secondary hyperparathyroidism commonly occurs in response to persistent… (More)
- Mario Cozzolino, Andrea Stucchi, +6 authors Maurizio Gallieni
- Contributions to nephrology
- 2012
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by phosphorus retention and, in more advanced stages, by high serum phosphorus (P) levels. During the last decade, it has been elucidated the central role of P in the pathogenesis of CKD mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), determining both renal osteodystrophy and cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, at least one… (More)
- Salvatore Mandolfo, Pasqualina Acconcia, +4 authors Andrea Stucchi
- The journal of vascular access
- 2014
BACKGROUND Tunneled central venous catheters (tCVCs) are considered inferior to arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and grafts in all nephrology guidelines. However, they are being increasingly used as hemodialysis vascular access. The purpose of this study was to document the natural history of tCVCs and determine the rate and type of catheter replacement. … (More)
- Ivano Baragetti, Sara Raselli, +7 authors Gherardo Buccianti
- Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official…
- 2007
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, homocysteine induces endothelial dysfunction by an increased inactivation of nitric oxide. In patients with chronic renal failure, the administration of folic acid or its metabolites reduces but does not normalize plasma homocysteine… (More)
- Maria Cláudia G. Oliveira Fusaro, Maurizio Gallieni, +13 authors Giorgia Antonelli
- Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine
- 2017
Vitamin K (phylloquinone or vitamin K1 and menaquinones or vitamin K2) plays an important role as a cofactor in the synthesis of hepatic blood coagulation proteins, but recently has also aroused an increasing interest for its action in extra-hepatic tissues, in particular in the regulation of bone and vascular metabolism. The accurate measurement of vitamin… (More)
- Paul R Kershaw, Eric T. Swanson, Andrea Stucchi
- Canadian journal of public health = Revue…
- 2017
SETTING The World Health Organization Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) observes that building political will is central to all its recommendations, because governments respond to those who organize and show up. Since younger Canadians are less likely to vote or to organize in between elections, they are less effective at building… (More)


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Venezuela's opposition parties have unanimously agreed that governor of Miranda state, Henrique Capriles will run in an upcoming presidential election following the death of Hugo Chavez, party sources said on Wednesday.
A mix of sorrow, self-interest and dread took hold of Cuba as word spread like wildfire that Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, who had done so much for the country, was dead. While the official newscast devoted its entire program to events unfolding in Caracas, the government reaction was slow in coming.
President Barack Obama said within hours of the death of President Hugo Chavez Tuesday that the United States was interested in a constructive future relationship with Venezuela.
The UK Foreign secretary has paid tribute to Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, who he said left a lasting impression on his country. Chavez, 58, died on Tuesday after being seriously ill with cancer, ending his 14-year rule.
The Venezuelan government declared seven days of national mourning and suspended classes until next Friday as it organizes the funeral of President Hugo Chavez that is scheduled to take place at the Military Academy, where he will lie in state beginning Wednesday morning.
Venezuelan Vice President Nicolas Maduro will take over as interim president of the country while elections are organized within 30 days following the death of Hugo Chavez, Foreign Minister Elias Jaua announced on Tuesday.
Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos regretted the loss of Hugo Chavez and attributed the advances in the peace process of his government with the FARC Marxist guerrillas (Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces) to the deceased Venezuelan leader.
All Latinamerican leaders expressed their deep sorrow over the death of President Hugo Chavez, and several of them will be travelling to Caracas for his funeral scheduled next Friday.
Venezuelan Vice-President Nicolás Maduro announced during a nation-wide transmission that President Hugo Chávez "has died today at 4:25pm."
Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez is suffering from a new and severe infection that has worsened his breathing as he undergoes intensive chemotherapy, the government said late Monday.


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We were offered an upgrade upon checking in and had a reasonably sized suit. We were happy with the upgrade and my children were offered a box of chocolate which was a nice touch from the staff at the Concierge. The rooms are dated, and quite bare bones in terms of furnishing. But service was still very good and friendly. My little one had a nose bleed and stained the bed sheets. He also broke a glass in the bathroom etc etc. When we called house keeping they were nice and understanding, and did a thorough job in cleaning up. I am impressed by the quality of service in Taipei in general, and would still recommend this hotel despite of the ghost stories :) The location is very convenient as being in a very nice and modern neighborhood. But for myself I would have preferred to stayed in an older, less developed neighborhood to get more of a feel for 'old' taipei and how the locals live.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Grand Hyatt Taipei is a luxury Taipei Hotel which anchors the city's most vibrant commercial centre in the Xinyi district. Adjacent to Taipei 101 Mall and Financial Tower, this Taipei 5 star hotel is conveniently linked to the Taipei World Trade Centre, the Taipei International Convention Centre and the Exhibition Halls.The grandeur of the atrium lobby, entrance and driveways projects the luxurious image of Grand Hyatt Taipei, where the design concept is centered on embracing the local culture. while also offering grand, luxurious and innovative style.The hotel's guestrooms and suites have a residential ambience offering scenic views of Taipei 101, the mountains and Taipei city, while our Grand Club rooms provide added luxury and personalised services. The residential, apartment-style suites on the top floor of the hotel provide distinct and exclusive accommodation, as well as stunning views over the city. Grand Hyatt Taipei is a city hotel that offers a variety of culinary choices in its multi-cuisine restaurants and bars. Food and beverage options include Chinese seafood and grilled US prime steaks. Visitors can also unwind in relaxing and luxurious bars. Grand Hyatt Taipei is home to extensive meeting and event facilities, including a magnificent pillar-free Grand Ballroom and the grand residence, Taipei's unique residential-style multi-event venue. All venues are professionally equipped and the hotel can host any event, from a private seminar for eight to a large convention for 1,200. Grand Hyatt Taipei also offers the best in luxury hotel recreation, including two 24-hour gymnasiums and an outdoor heated swimming pool. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Hotels.com, Expedia, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, Agoda, Ctrip TA and HotelQuickly so you can book your Grand Hyatt Taipei reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Grand Hyatt Taipei Hotel Taipei
- Taipei Grand Hyatt
- Hyatt Taipei
- Taipei Hyatt