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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|3 Oct 1995
|Fecha de presentación
|7 May 1993
|Fecha de prioridad
|9 Nov 1990
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Graeme S. Brewer
|Cesionario original
|Applied Membrand Systems Pty Ltd.
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|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (13), Otras citas (1), Citada por (38), Clasificaciones (18), Eventos legales (4)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates to a method for fractionating and at least partially removing inorganic ions from a sugar containing solution and particularly relates to a method for fractionating and at least partially removing ash from concentrated sugar cane or sugar beet juice.
Sugar is recovered from sugar cane or sugar beet by a well known process involving extraction of sugar juice from the crushed sugar cane (or beet) plant followed by concentration and crystallization of the sugar from the sugar Juice. The extraction process utilizes water as the extracting fluid and thus will extract sugar together with any other water soluble impurities. In sugar cane (or beet) plants, these impurities include reducing sugars, and organic non-sugar molecules such as macromolecules and ash. The ash content includes minerals such as monovalent ions e.g. potassium, sodium and chloride or divalent ions such as magnesium and calcium. The monovalent ions are particularly troublesome in the production of sugar from sugar cane (or beet) as they inhibit the rate of crystallization of the sugar from the concentrated juice. These monovalent ions are known to inhibit crystallization by increasing the solubility of the sugar in the sugar juice and/or increasing the viscosity of the sugar juice. These ions are referred to as melassigenic (molasses-forming) ions.
In sugar factories, sugar is crystallised from a concentrated sugar juice in three separate crystallization stages each stage resulting in the production of a crystallized sugar fraction (called the A sugar, B sugar and C sugar respectively) and a non-crystalline fraction or molasses fraction called A molasses, B molasses and C molasses.
The A molasses which is the non-crystalline portion resulting from the first stage is fed into the second crystallization stage and further sugar crystallization occurs to form the B sugar. The non-crystalline portion of this stage (the B molasses) is fed into the third crystallization stage and further crystallization takes place to give a C sugar fraction and a C molasses. The C sugar fraction is relatively low quality and is used as seed crystals to facilitate crystallization in the first & second crystallization stages. The C molasses (also called final molasses) is not further refined and instead is used as a stockfeed or in the fermentation industry.
The effect of sugar crystallization in the first and second stages is that the resultant A and B molasses portions become progressively higher in the amount of impurities present including the amount of melassigenic ions. This results in reduction in the rate of crystallization in the third stage making crystallization difficult, energy intensive and expensive in terms of equipment, and only partially successful.
The resultant C molasses (or final molasses) is high in impurities and typically comprises over 50% ash, invert sugars and organic non-sugars in dry matter. The C molasses is currently used as an animal stockfeed or in the fermentation industry for the production of alcohol. However, the high impurity content and especially the high percentage of ions such as potassium results in a low value product.
Nevertheless, an average sugar mill plant produces approximately 30,000 tonnes of C molasses during a crushing season of which about 10,000 tonnes comprises sucrose. With the value of sucrose at $350.00 a ton, this translates to $3,500,000 of lost sugar valve. Therefore, the largest economic loss in a sugar mill is the amount of sugar lost in the C molasses.
Previously, attempts have been made to increase the recovery of sugar from C molasses and for the removal of impurities and especially the melassigenic ions from the molasses to promote crystallization of sugar.
Ion exchange has been used in the beet industry to remove ionic components or to replace them with alternative components. However, the use of ion exchange with cane sugar has problems with fouling of the resins by insoluble and colloidal materials. This has been observed even after the liming and clarification stages used in the production of sugar from cane sugar. Furthermore, the use of strong acid forms of the ion exchange resin causes appreciable inversion of sucrose and the use of strong base forms of ion exchange resin degrades the invert sugar into acids and colour compounds. Cane juice, with its relatively high invert sugar content would therefore be susceptible to the above difficulties. Furthermore, ion exchange resins are not selective only for melassigenic ions and will exchange calcium and magnesium ions which do not greatly influence the rate of crystallization of sugar from the sugar solution. Indeed, it has been found that salts which have a water of crystallization (such as magnesium sulphate or calcium chloride) can lower the sucrose solubility which is often a desirable effect in low-grade recovery and therefore their removal by ion exchange resins would not be advantageous.
Ion exclusion has been used whereby the cations in a sugar cane syrup are replaced by sodium via an acidic cation/exchange resin in the sodium form. The system works in a manner analogous to a chromatography column where separation of the ionic impurities from the non-ionic impurities is obtained and can be removed by elution of the column with water. Again, this system suffers from fouling due to the insoluble and colloidal materials present in cane sugar and is also time-consuming as it requires constant separation of the eluate into samples.
Nanofiltration comprises passing the sugar cane juice through a nanofiltration membrane having a hypothetical pore size of approximately 10 angstroms (1 nanometer). Nanofiltration membranes are thin film non-cellulosic membranes namely "nanofilters" to differentiate them from seawater Reverse Osmosis Membranes (often called hypofilters).
The nanofiltration membranes have low rejection of monovalent ions and reject organic compounds with molecular weight cut offs in the 200 to 500 MW range: Thus nanofiltration membranes are also differentiated from ultrafiltration membranes that typically reject organic materials with molecular weights greater than 10,000 MW.
The term nanofiltration is derived from the fact that these molecular weight cut off values correspond to hypothetical pores of about 10 angstroms i.e. one nanometer. Thus nanofiltration membranes are essentially impermeable to particulates and colloids.
Nanofiltration is a pressure driven process where the low monovalent ion rejection minimises the osmotic pressure difference accross the membrane.
Basically nanofiltration concentrates and part demineralizes dilute solutions of salts and sugars. The membrane flux (permeate flow through the membrane) decreases as the concentration of the feed stream increases.
Depending on solution composition and cost structure concentration of sugars past 20% solids is usually considered uneconomic (osmotic pressure too high).
Thus, at the concentration of 70° brix which is a typical concentration in the B molasses stream, nanofiltration will not function.
Electrodialysis has been suggested for partial demineralization of sugar syrups. However, considerable fouling of the dialysis membrane occurs and requires extensive preliminary pre-treatment of the sugar cane juice. Furthermore, the capital and running costs of electrodialysis treatments are high.
Organic solvents have been used to precipitate impurities which are soluble in water but largely insoluble in inorganic solvents such as alcohol. When added with the appropriate amount of water to molasses, the addition of alcohol can cause the precipitation of various impurities particularly the high molecular weight polysaccharides and the resulting molasses, when concentrated back to the original dissolved solids content, has a much lower viscosity. Some ash components are also removed by this process. However, the use of organic solvents requires considerable modification of a sugar cane plant and typically would require direct contact condensers, distillation columns and associated pipework and holding tanks.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method for at least partially removing inorganic ions from a sugar solution containing the ions which may alleviate the abovementioned disadvantages.
In one form, the invention comprises a method for fractionating and at least partially removing inorganic ions from a sugar-containing solution containing such ions, the method including the steps of
(a) contacting said solution with one side of a first semi-permeable membrane having a pore size between 10-1000 angstroms,
(b) contacting the other side of said semi-permeable membrane with a fluid which at least partially dissolves inorganic ions passing through said membrane, and
(c) contacting the fluid from step (b) with one side of a second semi-permeable membrane allowing passage of water and monovalent ions but resisting passage of sugar molecules.
The method is suitable for removing ions from sugar solutions obtained from sugar cane.
The sugar-containing solution may be of any concentration or viscosity which allows it to contact the semi-permeable membrane. Although dilute solutions can be used, it is preferred that the solution is concentrated to increase the effectiveness of the method. Suitably, the sugar-containing solution has a brix value of between 20°-80° and more preferably between 50°-70°.
The inorganic ions may comprise ions present in the sugar cane and/or ions added to the sugar-containing solution. The inorganic ions may include melassigenic ions such as sodium, potassium and chloride. The inorganic ions may also include divalent ions such as calcium and magnesium.
The first semi-permeable membrane preferably comprises a pore size of between 50-250 angstroms and more preferably between 80-200 angstroms. The first semi-permeable membrane may be an ultra-filtration membrane.
Suitably, the sugar-containing solution contacts the first semi-permeable membrane under above atmospheric pressure to improve the efficiency of the method.
The first semi-permeable membrane suitably comprises between 40-80% available pore area and suitably has a thickness of between 30-100 microns.
The first semi-permeable membrane may be formed from plastics and suitably comprises synthetic polymers having chemical resistance such as to acids, alkali, chloride and peroxide and suitably has bacterial resistance and is operable at elevated temperatures.
The first semi-permeable membrane may comprise a hollow fibre or a spirally wound flat sheet. Suitably, a multiplicity of such hollow fibres or sheets are provided, arranged into a module having an inlet and an outlet. In this manner, compact hollow fibre modules can fit approximately 1.5 sq.m of membrane-area into modules 30 cm×6 cm. Spirally wound modules can fit about 5 sq.m of membrane area into a module of about 1.2 m×10 cm.
The modules may be connected in series or parallel or a combination of both with suitable conduit connecting the modules.
Suitably, the first semi-permeable membrane comprises an ultra-filtration membrane and may include a polypropylene membrane available from ENKA A.G., West Germany and marketed under the registered trade mark ACCUREL R; a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane available from W.L. Gore, U.S.A. and marketed under the registered trade mark GORE-TEX R membrane; and an acrylonitrile copolymer membrane available from RhonePolenc S.A., France.
The pore size of the first semi-permeable membrane fractionates the initial sugar containing solution to allow ions and sugars to pass through the membrane with macromolecules being retained in the initial sugar containing solution.
The fluid contacting the other side of the first semi-permeable membrane suitably comprises a stripping liquid to carry away ions and other material passing through the semi-permeable membrane by reduction of concentration polarisation on permeate side. Preferably, the stripping liquid comprises water either as a component of a stripping liquid mixture or as the sole component. The contact time of the fluid with the semi-permeable membrane may be varied depending on the rate of passage of the material across the semi-permeable membrane and the ability of the fluid to absorb and carry away the material. The fluid may be used at ambient, elevated or below ambient temperatures.
The method suitably comprises contacting the sugar-containing solution with a plurality of separate modules which may be connected in series, with the sugar-containing solution passing from one module into a second module.
The fluid contacting the other side of the semi-permeable membrane and containing any material which passed across the membrane such as ions, invert sugars and sugar is contacted with a second semi-permeable membrane. This fluid is typically of ultrafiltration quality and thus has a very low potential for fouling the membrane.
Preferably, the fluid is treated to at least partially remove the ions only and retaining the invert sugars and sugars.
The ions may be at least partially removed from the fluid by contacting the fluid at high pressure with one side of a semi-permeable membrane having a pore size allowing passage of water and ions such as sodium, potassium and chloride but resisting passage of sugar molecules. Suitably, the pore size is between 2-10 angstroms and a suitable membrane comprises a nanofiltration membrane.
The permeate passing through the second semi-permeable membrane and containing the dissolved ions may be evaporated to remove the ions. The evaporated fluid may be subsequently condensed and recycled for further use against the other side of the ultrafiltration membrane.
The partially deionized and concentrated fluid contacting the one side of the second semi-permeable membrane may be further deionized. Suitably, the partially deionized fluid is passed through an ion exchange resin or alternatively is contacted by diafiltration water.
The partially deionized fluid can be concentrated to a syrup containing sugars which may be used as a "painting" syrup, for use in the food additive industries or for use as a syrup for brewing or recrystallized.
The partially deionized sugar containing solution may be concentrated for use as a demineralized molasses product or may be further crystallized to recover sugar.
The invention will be understood by reference to the following description of preferred embodiments thereof in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a known sugar cane extraction plant;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the method according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram according to a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1 there is disclosed a flow diagram showing the basic components in the known process for extracting sugar from sugar cane.
In the process, sugar cane plants are initially shredded or chopped to a processible size and are passed into a milling plant 10 which mills the sugar cane plants and extracts the water-soluble components with a counter-current water flow. The mixed raw juice is passed into a clarifier 11. In the clarifier, the mixed raw juice is heated and milk of lime is added to neutralise the natural acidity of the juice and to form insoluble lime salts mostly calcium phosphate. By heating the limed juice to boiling or to slightly above, any albumin is coagulated and some of the fats, waxes and gums are also coagulated into precipitates. The scum or solid material is discarded through 12 and the clarified juice containing 12-16% solids is passed through 13 into the first of four evaporators 14a-d. The evaporators evaporate approximately two-thirds of the water contained in the clarified cane juice with each succeeding evaporator having a higher vacuum than the preceding one. The vapours from one evaporator can thus boil the juices in the second evaporator. The syrup passes from the fourth evaporator 14d through 15 and contains approximately 60% solids.
The condensed syrup is passed into the first of three crystallization stages 16a, 16b, 16c in the form of vacuum pans where the syrup is evaporated until saturated with sugar. In the first crystallization stage 16a, the mixture of formed crystals and syrup is discharged through 17 into a holding tank 18 whereafter it passes into centrifuge 19 which separates the sugar crystals (A sugar) from the molasses (A molasses). The A sugar is passed through 20 and it can be used as commercial sugar while the A molasses is passed through 21 into the second crystallization stage 16b where the crystallization process is repeated and the mixture of crystals and syrup is discharged through 22 into holding tank 23 and centrifuge 24 which separates the sugar crystals (B sugar) from the molasses (B molasses). The B sugar is admixed with the A sugar and can be used as commercial sugar. The B molasses passes through 25 into the third crystallization stage 16c. In this stage, the sugar is again concentrated and crystallized but because of its high viscosity is passed into holding tank 26 through crystallizes. 27 and thereafter into centrifuge 28. Centrifuge 28 separates the sugar crystals (C sugar) from the molasses (C molasses). The C sugar is used as seed sugar to facilitate crystallization in stages 16a and 16b and the C molasses is recovered through 29 and is not economical to purify further.
The C molasses however contains up to 35% sugar and results in a large loss of sugar product from the extraction process.
FIG. 2 discloses a flow diagram of the method according to a first embodiment of the invention. The method is suitable to enable more sugar to be recovered in the third crystallization stage 16c as disclosed above with reference to FIG. 1 by removing the melassigenic ions from the B molasses prior to entry into the third crystallization stage.
In the first embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 2, the B molasses resulting from the non-crystallized portion of the second crystallization stage and having a solids content of about 70° brix passes from a holding tank 35 through a 50 micron screen 36 to remove any suspended solids. The term brix is used in the sugar industry to denote the total dissolved solids by weight in water by weight. Thus, molasses at 70° brix has 70 grams of solids dissolved in 30 grams of water. The molasses is pumped into a module 37 and contacts one side of a multiplicity of ultrafiltration membranes. The other side of the ultrafiltration membranes is contacted with a fluid in the form of a counter-current water flow 38.
Due to its pore size, monovalent ions such as potassium, sodium and chloride can pass quickly through the ultrafiltration membrane and some divalent ions and sugars, particularly invert sugars which have a low molecular weight, pass through the ultrafiltration membrane by a combined diffusive and convective transport effect. These materials are carried away by the counter-current water flow 38 on the other side of the membrane. Macromolecules are retained in the molasses due to their large size.
The faster diffusing monovalent potassium, sodium and chloride ions pass through the membrane faster than the slower diffusing sucrose and invert sugar. This increases the salts to sugar ratio and invert sugar to sugar ratio in the counter-current water flow 38. By varying the feed pressure of the molasses through the membrane, the ratio of convective and diffusive transport can be varied to suit.
The partially deionized B molasses is partially diluted and can be subsequently passed into the third crystallization stage 16c as illustrated in FIG. 1 (or shown diagrammatically as 41 in FIG. 2 with 42 representing the centrifuge). As the B molasses has been partially deionized, the third crystallization step now functions more effectively and results in a greater amount of crystallization of C sugar and the production of C molasses having less ash content.
If this stage of the process is taken to its limits, the B molasses would be highly demineralized and desugared and could then be considered final molasses and the low grade sugar recovery end of the sugar mill, C pans crystallizers and C centrifiges, would be redundant.
The counter-current water flow 38 containing dissolved ions and sugars is passed into a nanofiltration module 43 and contacts one side of a nanofiltration membrane at high pressure. The mobile monovalent sodium, potassium and chloride ions and some water pass through the nanofiltration membrane as permeate while the dissolved sugars are retained in the water. The nanofiltration permeate 44 passes into an evaporator 45 which evaporates off the water to separate the monovalent ions which can be recovered and used as fertilizers. The evaporated water can be condensed and can be re-used as the counter-current water flow 38.
The partially deionized and concentrated counter-current water flow 38 passes from the nanofiltration module 43 into an ion exchange resin module 46 comprising a cation exchange resin 47 and an anion exchange resin 48 which removes any remaining ions from the water. The resultant liquid, containing principally sugars, is evaporated in evaporator 49 to a syrup containing sucrose and invert sugars (glucose and fructose) and very little soluble salts.
The syrup can be "painted" or coated onto sugar obtained from the A sugar and/or B sugar obtained from crystallization stages 16a, 16b in FIG. 1 by spraying the syrup through sprayers 50 over the sugar as it passes along a sugar screw 51.
The coated raw sugar has a much higher quality than the standard production raw sugar as the painting syrup contains a low percentage of macromolecules and ash. The sugar will therefore have high filtrability, low starch, dextran, colour, ash and floc.
The production of raw sugar of this quality makes the use of juice incubators and the addition of amylase enzyme to juice redundant.
The partially demineralized B molasses may be further enhanced by the addition of dextranaze enzyme which due to the demineralized B molasses achieved by the method according to FIG. 2 is much more effective in breaking down long-chain organic non-sugars, as it is not supressed by the minerals.
The C molasses produced using the method as illustrated in FIG. 2 on the B molasses stream has a lower potassium content than normal C molasses and a lower content of organic non-sugars. This will make the molasses more suitable for fermentation as less inhibitors for the yeast are present.
Furthermore, in the fermentation industry, the still waste (or dundar) produced after fermentation and distillation will also have a lower potassium content and can be concentrated for sale as an animal feed ingredient as a concentrate syrup or spray-dried powder. The low ash content and especially the low potassium and chloride content make this product considerably less hygroscopic and provides a better animal feed as high potassium scours cattle and limits the amounts that can be fed to cattle.
The low potassium C molasses also provides better performance in the bakers' yeast manufacturing industry which uses molasses as its feedstock for yeast fermentation.
FIG. 3 illustrates the method according to a second embodiment of the invention.
In this method, the C molasses obtained from the third crystallization stage 16c as illustrated in FIG. 1 is treated. The C molasses typically has a solids content of approximately 80° brix and a viscosity of about 10,000 cps. The C molasses is added to holding tank 60 and is diluted to approximately 50° brix and a viscosity of between 5 and 10 cps by addition of recycled water 61 as more clearly described below.
The 50° brix molasses is passed into a first ultra-filtration module 60 and contacts one side of an ultra-filtration membrane. The other side of the ultra-filtration membrane is contacted with a counter-current water flow 61 which carries away any ions, and sugars which pass through the semi-permeable membrane.
The partially deionized C molasses is passed into a second ultra-filtration module 62 where the molasses is again contacted with one side of an ultra-filtration membrane with the other side of the ultrafiltration membrane being contacted with a counter-current water flow 63.
Counter-current water flow 61 is passed into a nanofiltration module 64 where it contacts one side of a nanofiltration membrane. The permeate 65 passing through the nanofiltration membrane and comprising water and ions is evaporated and the ions recovered which can be used as a potash fertilizer.
The partially deionized water 61 passes from the nanofiltration module 64 and into holding tank 60 to dilute the incoming C molasses. Water 61 (containing dissolved sugars) has a viscosity of approximately 1 cps and a solids content of about 12° brix.
Water 63 passes through a second nanofiltration module 66 to remove ions therefrom and the demineralized nanofiltration retentate passes through an ion exchange resin 67 as illustrated in FIG. 3 and can be concentrated and used as a painting syrup, a syrup for brewing or a syrup for food additives or be recrystallized. The permeate 68 can pass to waste.
The molasses exiting from ultrafiltration module 62 is considerably lower in minerals and can be used as a value-added molasses product.
FIG. 4 discloses a flow diagram of the method according to a third embodiment of the invention. The method is suitable to enable more sugar to be recovered from beet molasses in the final stages of crystallization where high viscosity and impurities prevent further sugar recovery.
Beet molasses differs from cane molasses in that beet molasses has a higher sucrose content and very little invert sugar. The presence of raffinose is a characteristic of beet molasses. Organic non sugars are higher in beet molasses.
The beet molasses is diluted in a holding tank 70 to around 50° brix. Diluted molasses is pumped into the first membrane module 71 and contacts one side of a multiplicity of ultrafiltration membranes. The other side of the ultrafiltration membrane is contacted by a fluid 72 in the form of a counter current water flow.
Due to its pore size monovalent ions such as potassium, sodium and chloride can pass quickly through the membrane and also some divalent ions and sugars by a combined diffusive and convective effect. These materials are carried away by the counter current water flow 72 on the other side of the membrane.
Macro molecules are retained in the molasses. The faster diffusing monovalent potassium, sodium and chloride ions pass through the membrane faster than the slower diffusing sucrose. This increases the salts to sugars in the counter current water flow.
The partly deionised beet molasses can be subsequently passed to a third crystallization step 73 (see FIG. 1). This results in a sugar recovery and produces a molasses with a lower potash content.
Processing of beet molasses before the viscosity is high can result in the reduction of crystallizer capacity required to treat C massecuite.
The counter current water flow 72 containing dissolved ions and sugars is passed into a nonofiltration membrane 74 at high pressure. The mobile monovalent sodium, potassium and chloride ions and a large proportion of the water pass through the nanofiltration membrane as permeate 75 while dissolved sugars are retained in the water. The nanofiltration permeate 75 can be recovered as fertilizer if desired.
The partly deionised and concentrated counter current water flow passes from the nonofiltration module 74 to a third semipermeable membrane in the form of a high-pressure ultrafiltration module 76.
The high-pressure ultrafiltration membrane has a pore size intermediate between conventional ultrafiltration and nanofiltration.
The nanofiltration retentate containing sugars, reduced salts and middle sized molecules such as colour and raffinose contacts one side of the high pressure ultrafiltration membrane at high pressure. The more mobile salts and sucrose pass through the membrane while medium molecules such as colour and raffinose are retained in the water stream 77. This stream can be mixed with the product from the first membrane for low grade sugar recovery.
The high pressure ultrafiltration permeate 78 with sucrose and reduced colour and salts can be passed through columns of cationic and anionic ion exchange resins 79. The ion exchange resins can be selected to remove residual colour or salts or both. This highly filtered feed prevents the possibility of clogging the ion exchange bed. This membrane pretreatment reduces the load on the ion exchange column.
This high quality sugar solution can be used as a liquid sugar product or be crystallized in a vacuum pan 80 to produce high quality crystal sugar. The process can also be used as a pretreatment for ion exclusion plants. In this case the product after nanofiltration is used.
Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the filtrability, starch, colour, dextran, grain elongation and floc properties of the sugar are greatly improved. The Minister's Standard for raw sugar quality for export requires various limitations on the above-mentioned properties and especially on the floc and penalties are imposed of the floc value is greater than the Minister's Standard.
The above properties are largely the result of layer of molasses film surrounding each high purity sugar crystal. The film provided by known sugar cane extraction techniques includes sucrose as well as reducing sugars, ash and macro-molecules.
In the method according to the invention, a molasses having a substantially lower amount of ash and macromolecules can be painted or coated onto the raw sugar to provide a higher purity molasses film. This in turn improves the properties and especially the floc property of the sugar resulting in a better quality sugar.
Thus, the method according to the invention provides an improved method for removing undesirable impurities from a sugar-containing solution and especially melassigenic ions which inhibit sugar crystallization. The method is particularly suitable to partially remove impurities from the B molasses stream prior to introduction into the third crystallization stage to improve the amount and quality of the C sugar which is recycled and the quality of C molasses.
The method is based upon the novel combination of two semi-permeable membranes having different pore sizes. The method can fractionate low grade sugar products into value added products. The method results in the production of three separate fractions from a low grade sugar product characterized by the first fraction having retained therein macromolercules, the second fraction being enriched with invert sugar and the third fraction (nanofiltration permeate) comprising the undesirable ash products.
All of the above fractions have considerable added value and even the third fraction can be evaporated and the solids used as fertilizer.
The first semi-permeable membrane will not allow the passage of macromolecules through the mebrane but will allow partial passage of sucrose, invert sugars and monovalent ions which pass into the aqueous stripping fluid. The second semi-permeable membrane separates the ash (monovalent ions) from the sucrose and invert sugars in the stripping fluid with high efficiency with the stripping fluid subsequent to contacting the second semi-permeable membrane being high in sugar content and low in ash content.
It should be appreciated that various other changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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|11 Nov 2004
|Hidayat Husain
|Nanofiltration system for water softening with internally staged spiral wound modules
|6 Feb 2004
|13 Ene 2005
|Upen Bharwada
|Water treatment system
|4 Ago 2005
|8 Dic 2005
|Neose Technologies
|Carbohydrate purification using ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
|1 Sep 2005
|29 Dic 2005
|Hidayat Husain
|Nanofiltration system for water softening with internally staged spiral wound modules
|1 Nov 2006
|15 Mar 2007
|Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.
|Preventives or remedies for infection, anti-endotoxin agents, vaccine adjuvants and growth promoters
|1 Nov 2006
|7 Jun 2007
|Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.
|Preventives or remedies for infection, anti-endotoxin agents, vaccine adjuvants and growth promoters
|20 Dic 2008
|24 Jun 2010
|Ragus Holdings, Inc.
|Process for Producing High-Purity Sucrose
|13 Feb 2009
|19 Ago 2010
|Fraza Carlos
|Introduced in apparatus for briquetting dry crushed cane and other bagasses
|17 Nov 2011
|15 Mar 2012
|Environmental Management Corporation
|Water Treatment
|11 Nov 2014
|18 Feb 2015
|Multi-stage membrane separation cascade process for stage utilization of biomass hydrothermal liquefaction liquid-phase product
|28 Dic 2001
|3 Nov 2010
|Danisco Sweeteners Oy
|Process for purifying maltose
|4 Jun 1996
|19 Dic 1996
|Chronopol, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for the recovery and purification of organic acids
|9 Oct 1997
|16 Abr 1998
|Cytel Corporation
|Carbohydrate purification using ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|210/651, 210/650, 210/652, 210/641, 210/195.2, 210/257.2, 210/638
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|7 May 1993
Owner name: APPLIED MEMBRANE SYSTEMS PTY LTD., AUSTRALIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BREWER, GRAEME S.;REEL/FRAME:006557/0988
Effective date: 19930429
|27 Abr 1999
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|3 Oct 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|14 Dic 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19991003


text:
Rate Photo
May 16, 2006
"On the top of this hill, locate this point. Where The Wild Things are is on the west side of the north face of the formation you are looking at here. To get there, walk to the left and down into the thick aspen grove, looking to the right to spot the climb. Worm Drive rocks will be visible to the left from the top of this hill."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We are getting ready in Lincoln for the Center for Great Plains Studies Symposium on 1862: The Making of the Great Plains beginning on Thursday this week. On Sunday, the Lincoln Journal Star ran a series of stories on why people like trains and a review of the "Railroads and the Making of Modern America" art exhibition at the Sheldon. After the symposium I plan to post my remarks on the artists who depicted the railroads before, during, and after the Civil War. We will also publicly release our new "views" of these images, packaged galleries for comparison and analysis on the railroads site.
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Mapping and Planning Specialist
Top Job - Fulltime | Norwich
Mapping and Planning Specialist Geographic Support Technician Full-time THIS IS BELONGING Everyone wants to belong to something. A football team, a family, a close-knit group of friends. The sense of belonging you find i...Remember
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Title Freelance Site Manager Sector Commercial Fit Out (Hotel, Leisure, Retail )Salary £200 - £250 daily...Remember
Supplier Controller
Top Job - Fulltime | Haverhill
Supplier Controller - Haverhill Our client, based in Haverhill, is currently looking for a Supplier Controller to join their team on a 3 month contract, to start in January 2018. Purpose of the role To provide business...Remember
Maintenance Engineer
Top Job - Fulltime | Haverhill
An excellent opportunity has arisen to join a large manufacturing company based in the Haverhill area. THE ROLE - Your key responsibilities will be to provide electrical and mechanical support to ensure performance of al...Remember
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text:
Couch, Wayfair Couches : Amazon Outdoor Couches
The picture with the title Amazon Outdoor Couches above, tagged with: wayfair couches reviews wayfair couches clearance wayfair couches and sofas - wayfair couches and sofas wayfair blue couches wayfair couches for sale wayfair couches sectionals wayfair home decor sofas couches wayfair modern couches wayfair serta couches .
This digital photography of Amazon Outdoor Couches is the best ideas that we have chosen from thousands of designs available on the internet. You will found the great ideas for your here, now you can start by selecting one of the image gallery below, So please enjoy and lets check this out.
You can also see further post Wayfair Couches which is the main article of Amazon Outdoor Couches, which was written by admin and publish on Monday, April 24, 2017 09:36 am.


text:
1) Lie on back with legs together, arms at sides, palms down.
2) Inhale, lift right leg high.
3) Exhale, bend knee to chest.
4) Wrap arms around knee, pull knee into abdomen.
5) Take deep breath, bring forehead to knees.
6) Exhale, release to floor.
7) Repeat on side.
8) Shake, massage legs.
- Flexes calves and hamstring muscles which get tight from sitting.
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Hot Ham And Cheese Party Rolls - can Pillsbury refrigerated classic pizza crust - thinly sliced not shaved deli ham - thinly sliced Swiss cheese - butter - brown sugar - Dijon mustard - Worcestershire sauce - poppy seeds
Saw this one & thought kids might enjoy these treats: Angry Birds Food Fun…
Lasagna Roll Ups with Step-by Step Pictures is another super easy dinner idea with endless possibilities for variation. assembly is really quick and easy. Lasagna Roll Ups with spinach and cheese but you could also do mushrooms, pesto, or any meat.
Sugestão de SilMez hummmmm!! Mousse de leite em pó - Receita de liquidificador de preparo rápido. Eu decorei com meio amargo para quebrar um pouco o doce.
Roses Never Smelled—Or Tasted—So Sweet! Apple Roses, A Creative And Delicious Dessert
Muffin de Parmesão do Starbucks | Gordelícias


text:
Are you ready to take your GED® exam in Beech Grove KY? The test is only given in person and not online. Usually in order to sit for the examination the test taker must be at least 17 years old. The GED® examination cost in the state of Kentucky ranges from $40 to $90.
The certification consists of five topics: reading, writing, math, science and social studies. Each test awards a score between 200-800. Most states require test takers to receive a score of 410 on each of the five sections and an overall average of 450 for the GED® exam to pass.
Usually GED® testing locations in Beech Grove KY are offered at:
- Beech Grove Community Colleges
- Beech Grove ISD
- Beech Grove Literacy Centers
- Beech Grove High Schools


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Luis Godoy
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Luis Godoy (born May 14, 1978 in Calama, Chile) is a Chilean footballer currently playing for Deportes Antofagasta of the Primera División in Chile.
- Cobreloa 1996-2001
- Deportes Antofagasta 2002-2003
- Cobreloa 2004
- Deportes Antofagasta 2005-2006
- Cobreloa 2007
- Cobresal 2008–2009
- Unión La Calera 2009
- Deportes Antofagasta 2010–present
- Deportes Antofagasta 2011 (Torneo Apertura Chilean Primera B Championship and Annual Chilean Primera B Championship)
- Profile at BDFA (in Spanish)
- Luis Godoy at Soccerway
|This biographical article related to Chilean football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Tuesday, 5 February 2013
The latest batch of qualifiers secured their seats for the ISPT event at Wembley yesterday and you could be joining them later this month.
The next qualifier for players in most of Europe (including player in the UK and Ireland) runs on 17th February 2013. The €300 buy-in tournament starts at 7pm GMT with 10% of the field securing a spot at Wembley. Feeder satellites start from just €2.20.For more information visit www.ispt.com and www.poker770.com.Keep up to date with all the news from the poker world by following us on Twitter and Facebook.
The online poker site at Juicy Stakes has been running its Sundowner tournaments for some time but it recently announced that the events have proven so popular that it is now expanding the schedule to encompass Sunday competitions.
Americans are set to celebrate their annual Thanksgiving holiday on November 23 and Intertops Poker and Juicy Stakes will be getting in on the act by holding a special online poker tournament offering a guaranteed $1,000 cash prize for the winner.
The United States will be holding its annual Veterans Day public holiday on Saturday and Juicy Stakes and Intertops Poker are set to celebrate in their own inimitable way the day before by holding a special online poker tournament.
Intertops Poker and Juicy Stakes are soon to launch a second three-step satellite online poker tournament series that will award one player with a prize package into a prestigious event at the upcoming 2018 Aussie Millions Poker Championship extravaganza.
New poker addition from Juicy Stakes.
Intertops Poker and Juicy Stakes.
Juicy Stakes and Intertops Poker.
Poker's unassuming killer steps back into the limelight.
Meet one of UK poker's rising stars.
We talk to WSOP bracelet winner.
By Paul Oresteen.
Just keep smiling...
By Adam Slutsky
Pushing the envelope for a new poker generation.
Jeff KImber on fish.
So says Dara O'Kearney.
Dara O'Kearney looks at game thoery.
Dara O'K on bounty tournaments.
Rob Yong calls for competition.
A critical eye on the poker world.
Nick Wealthall on unconscious decision making.
Structure changes don't suit recreationals.
Features | Strategy | Interviews | Reviews | News | Profiles | Pages | British Poker Awards
© 2015 BluffEurope.com


text:
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I also believe that Childbirth will temporarily affect the body ability to synthesize Acetyl L-carnite and Choline which are essential for the parasymapthetic axonal terminals to release acetylcholine (ACh) upon the nervous action pulse. The level of the action pusle (AC + DC potentials) depends on the resting (DC) postential of the nervous system, which is charged by testosterone burning. Without sufficient testosterone, ACh and NO, the G-spot tissues won't be properly swollen.
Tranditionally, Old Taoists advised that new mothers' bodies must be replenished by tonic herbal young-hen soup to bring back the nervous, liver and endocrine functions. It works very well. Nowaday, people forgot this trandition, instead they only rely on Vitamins. As we know, to restore the body function, it requires more than vitamins. The body needs a complete spectrum of amino acids and hormones (plant sources are preferred).
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text:
Lipoprotein Apheresis vs. Sham in Patients With Refractory Angina and High Lp(a)
Lipoprotein apheresis resulted in significant improvements compared to sham therapy in patients with refractory angina along with raised levels of lipoprotein (Lp)(a), according to new research presented Aug. 29 at ESC Congress 2016 in Rome.
The study randomized 20 patients with refractory angina and elevated Lp(a) levels above 500mg/L to weekly lipoprotein apheresis or sham treatments for three months and then crossed over for another three months, with a one-month washout period in-between. The primary outcome, measured with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, was myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR).
Results showed a significant increase of 0.63 in MPR after apheresis treatment compared to sham (P<0.001). Specifically, MPR increased from 1.45 to 1.93 with apheresis, but did not change significantly after sham. Secondary endpoints of carotid wall volume and distensibility were also improved after apheresis but not sham, as were exercise capacity, symptoms of angina, and quality of life scores, according to lead investigator Tina Khan, MRCP, from Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College, London.
"Our trial provides the first evidence that lipoprotein apheresis leads to improvement among these patients in the primary endpoint of myocardial blood flow," said Khan. "These findings suggest that lipoprotein apheresis provides significant clinical benefit to patients with refractory angina in the context of raised Lp(a), representing a much needed novel treatment option for this therapeutically challenging patient cohort."
"With such a small sample size the results must be viewed as preliminary," cautions Kim A. Eagle, MD, MACC, editor in chief of ACC.org.
< Back to Listings


text:
USW 7-669 up to something today
Posted in the Metropolis Forum
#1 Oct 8, 2010
I just say on the union support facebook page a comment that said "just a few short hours". I wonder what that means. I hope they aren't planning another ralley right in the middle of blues and ques. That would be a disgrace to the town and the festival. Hopefully they will recognize that isn't a good idea.
#2 Oct 8, 2010
It won't be there.
#3 Oct 8, 2010
It is much bigger and better than that! Hold into your hats ladys and gentleman, USW 7669 is about tho show Shaw scabs who has balls and who does not!( not the scabs!)
#4 Oct 8, 2010
#6 Oct 9, 2010
I was at the Ken Bar the duration of the picket and saw 4 police cars and a park ranger car. What I didnt see was anyone go to jail or even a ticket written. Sounds really terroristic. lol
United States
#7 Oct 9, 2010
I'm sick of this union crap....Stop your stupid waving at cars. You are going to cause wrecks, especially when you put a fat woman with a picket sign in her hand and all her giggly parts shake when she waves.
#8 Oct 9, 2010
Yes, stop waving. We don't care about your stupid strike crap!
#9 Oct 9, 2010
Poor lady gaggag and dr bill; if you don't like or care then why do you even take the time to post? Oh, and by the way, we are not striking. We Are LOCKED out. If you truly were sick of this, seems you would know the difference. As far as picketers endangering the lives of people, just remember there are always two sides to every story. We have the RIGHT to walk on that entrance. What I see on the footage are picketers ALREADY standing in the road when the bus comes barreling in like it normally does. At no point do the picketers stop moving. That bus is supposed to yield the right of way to the pedestrians, not the other way around, so if that driver is stuck out in traffic, it's his own fault for not following the rules of the road.
#11 Oct 9, 2010
Whatever the reason the Union members are off the job. I hope nothing happens that causes a State Tropper to be sent there around the clock.
#13 Oct 9, 2010
Having a police officer present 24x7 would be wonderful! Then, Honeywell and all their ass kissing union bashers would not be able to spread anymore lies and propaganda about what happens on the picket line! Speaking of pickets, what happened to all those bad ass cajuns we've heard so much about? Like "union hater", he said the USW was too chicken to show up sat the scab bar inn. Where were those tough cajuns? They weren't so bad ass Friday...
Since: Jul 10
Location hidden
#14 Oct 9, 2010
Stephen first of all I was hunting so I didn't know anything about it because you all have to act like 5th graders and make shit secrets... And oh wow you guys were so bad that you did what? Break windows out.. like I said the union is thugs and nothing but! Let me know next time instead of making it a secret and trust me I'll be there.. And Ozzy you are blind if you didn't see those guys walk in front of the bus and stop. You guys are going down, I can't wait personally! Good luck on the 11th haaaaaaaaaaa!
#15 Oct 9, 2010
Is that you Shawn Clark?
#16 Oct 9, 2010
I keep hoping they don't get to come back for the whole winter if at all. Just want to see them taught somewhat of a lesson if not a permanent one. Glad you got to go hunting Union Hater! Doing something legal is way better than acting like a bunch of juvenile delinquents and breaking out windows and throwing eggs. What exactly do they think that proves? Good luck in court Honeywell! Get the thugs!
#17 Oct 9, 2010
If a union member broke a windshield and the police were there why was no one arrested? I was there. I saw all of the police cars present the whole time. What I didnt see was anyone go to jail or even a ticket written. More factless accusations. And eggs? What in the hell are you talking about? All I know is there has been alot of big talk about "why dont you guys picket the kenbar" and "if you come to the kenbar" all over the computer. But when we came to the kenbar all I saw were some scabs begging the police for help. Sorry. And Union Hater, Brandon, Ebenezer, or whatever the hell your name is I saw Ozzie stand like a man. I saw him call it and tell it like it is but I didnt see one scab even look his way. Those are the facts. Everyone can get on here and talk the tough guy talk. I think you saw yesterday that even the police dont want you in this part of the country.
#18 Oct 9, 2010
Fact: At the production rates that have been running for the last month, present plant workers (replacement and Honeywell salaried) are on track to make as much UF6 in the last 4 months of 2010 as the union made in the first 6 months of 2010.
Say what you will, but this is a fact.
#19 Oct 9, 2010
Have Fun this winter scabs! You'll really enjoy those freezing lines outside! Why not just cancel the Oct 11 talks? I say we wait until spring to even meet again.
Curious, did shaw or honeywell reimburse you scabs for your shit stained undies yesterday?
Since: Jul 10
Location hidden
#20 Oct 9, 2010
Yeah because you guys were made to leave by the cops because the bus even pulled up. So don't act big and bad and act like you and the rest of you thugs had any one scared.. Get a damn life stephen you and Ozzy and the rest of you belong in jail!! Good thing it wasn't my window.. that's all I'm saying!
#21 Oct 9, 2010
You know what union hater, you are an ass clown. What the hell were you hunting at three o clock in the afternoon? A new job? Some guts? Your manhood? Just so you know I was waiting for you yesterday. Remember, you invited me. Like I said, I'm not hard to find if you want to talk man to man. As far as windows broken or eggs thrown, I find it humorous how you guys keep trying to discredit us, even with police stationed all around the place. Since you weren't there (which I don't doubt) you would have no idea as to what happened. The union left when we got ready to leave; we unlike you have respect and understand that the police didn't want to sit there all night, because it was completely obvious that the scabs weren't going to back up their tough talk. I have one more question for you; if you really are Brandon Greer then why are you still using a username?! Don't be a hater because we are a group of people who care for each other and have only gotten stronger as each day has gone by. Whoever you are, it's time to put up or shut up.
Since: Jul 10
Location hidden
#22 Oct 9, 2010
Alright douche bag, I went to set up my stnad at 2:30 and didn't get out of the woods until 7 and you wasn't there when I got there, and the bus doesn't arrive until 7:30. You guys took off before that.. so who are the cowards now?? I'll put my name just like you did after I called you out. Your the biggest coward besides stephen they have in the Union... next time don't let it be a secret let us know and I will gladly be there looking for you.. what are you 60 with white hair. I need to know who i'm looking for, Oh I'm sure you will be the one in pink. haaa oh and yeah I saw what happened first hand.. they didn't have a back wind shield idiot and you bunch of dumb asses just left.. Really? I know you didn't pass 5th grade but I did..
#23 Oct 9, 2010
Now I know your an assclown. The way that you spell tells it all. You didn't call out anyone. You thought I was someone I wasn't, talked shit about me and my family, and threatened me to come to the scab-bar inn. When I show up your no where to be found. I don't believe your a scab at all. I think I know who you are, and I think you know what I'm capable of doing to you. If you want to apologize, I'll forgive you; if not, then well... If you really are a scab rat piece of shit, then you must be some kind of stalker or something. You also prove your ignorance by saying that it was the back window. About 50-75 people clearly saw one of the scabs in the truck break it from the inside. Matter of fact it spider webbed but did not shatter! I guess that was a different truck and I guess we are responsible for that one too, huh? I'm done with you as far as this forum is done. If you want to continue to behave like a child, knock yourself out. If you decide you wanna meet, just name the time and the place.
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Now day people need midranger with flagship class camera & its quality but no one seriously bring that to market. Sometime people buy flagship class with strong one of purpose to have great camera but for flagship class CPU they dont really need this, they pay high for probably they dont really need because they have no choice.
So IMO: mid range chipset with midrange GPU plus rational battery size and flagship class camera and also rational price. That many people need and hope nokia/xiaomi/sony/huawei bring that soon.
The world's most popular game is the snake.
Also the world's most popular phone ever is a Nokia phone-(Nokia 1100).
The world's most recognizable tune is the Nokia tune.
The world's toughest phone is the Nokia 3310.
I hope that the new chapter by Hmd/Nokia will be equal with the glorious past of this brand.
The first steps by Nokia/Hmd seems to be good.
I have watched many videos of Nokia 6 on you tube and i realized that it is a durable effort.
I have also read user reviews about Nokia 150 and the guys were very satisfied.
But let's see the next steps of Nokia at the end of February.
c, 02 Feb 2017not at all, poor softwareWhy is its software bad? Make your points clear.
Nutella, 01 Feb 2017anyone had this phone? is it a good one?not at all, poor software
Justuseit, 02 Feb 2017Very conducive here, proud of you Nokia fanboy. Keep it upI will. You rather get some facts. Or are you too angry to do something reasonable?
Anonymous, 02 Feb 2017A new display tech. You high or something? In cell display has been around since ages. It mean... moreHybrid in-cell. Mix of in-cell and on-cell . It's relatively new. In-cell means digitizer and LCD panel are integrated into 1 layer- not just there are 2 layers with no space between them. One layer. And where the hell did you got info Mi 3 has In-Cell display? Get your facts straight. I have feeling most people here on GSMArena (or Internet overal) hate or are lazy to read.
tonymancs, 01 Feb 2017From HMD: " It takes 55 minutes to machine a single Nokia 6 from a solid block of 6000 series ... moreA new display tech. You high or something? In cell display has been around since ages. It means panel and display doesn't have space between them. The same tech is in my mi3 from 3 years ago. It was in few Nokia phones earlier too
freakinsanity, 02 Feb 2017the legend is back! been waiting for a long time. #comebackisreal #nokia6Love to have nokia back in market with android.
the legend is back! been waiting for a long time. #comebackisreal #nokia6
Optimist Prime, 01 Feb 2017My point was that these aren't Nokia phones. Nokia phones of the past had great, probably unpa... moreyou need to research more about Nokia, FIH and HMD before you go keyboard warrior, it's hard to fail on hating because hating itself is already a failure
The phone should be made available globally, why restricted to China???
Optimist Prime, 01 Feb 2017My point was that these aren't Nokia phones. Nokia phones of the past had great, probably unpa... morepoor software !!!! hahahaha, well the only problem with Symbian Architecture was it's inability to support new hardware.
In terms of software it was one of the best and most optimised OS made till date,
it had wonderful Ram Optimisation, Memory optimisation, Real Multitasking.
Nokia is the father of Smartphones, their experience in making smartphone is unmatched.
And for your previous comment, you pointed out Nokia is not old nokia as it is manufactured by FIH mobiles, i think you need some clearance.
Let me explain you :
Phones are Designed by HMD-GLOBAL (a finnish company made by ex-Nokia & ex-Microsoft(transferred from nokia) employees), so ultimately making HMD-GLOBAL the real Nokia(in terms of technology) and moreover whatever HMD designs is then passed by Nokia, without Nokia's Pass they can't send the device for manufacturing.
Once design is finalised it is then passed over to FIH mobiles who in turn is USING NOKIA FACTORY(they bought it from Microsoft) for manufacturing the phones.
After the phone is made, it is gone through the tests by HMD/Nokia making sure that build quality is not compromised(seeing build quality of NOkia 6 makes me satisfied of this).
i hope everything will be clear now
Optimist Prime, 01 Feb 2017My point was that these aren't Nokia phones. Nokia phones of the past had great, probably unpa... moreFrom HMD: " It takes 55 minutes to machine a single Nokia 6 from a solid block of 6000 series aluminium. It then receives two separate anodising processes, taking over ten hours to complete, with each phone being polished no less than five times"
"Delivering quality to the core, the Nokia 6 display has a bright hybrid in-cell 5.5ÂÂ screen with full HD resolution and incredible colour reproduction wrapped in 2.5D Gorilla Glass"
Note: Hybrid in-cell in a relatively new technology, integrating digitizer and display panel into 1 layer. It utilizes both on-cell and in-cell tech used on high-end smartphones, reducing production cost and thickness and allows relatively high brightness while reducing power needed for backlitting.
So Nokia 6 has extremely high quality build, anti-scratch surface, Gorilla glass 3 and coating and even a new display tech, all of them are rarely seen on cheaper Chinese mid-range, and reportedly can withstand many abuse. Again, it's specs are not that impressive but it's enough for daily uses. And every Nokia fan would appreciate phones built like tanks. As software, you get Nougat. I don't like Android but as now there is no other viable option that is popular enough. You seems to never used a Symbian Belle or MeeGo OS phone to say Nokia made bad software (ok, maybe S60 wasn't the best- but still less laggy and buggy than Android).


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Effective April 27, 2016 the New Orleans District began issuing public notices about Section 408 requests. Click here to read the official notice.
Click on the green RSS button to the right to receive automatic e-mail updates. If you wish to subscribe you need an RSS app installed on your device. Please note that all web browsers do not support RSS feeds.
Additionally updates on Public Notices will be posted on Facebook, https://www.facebook.com/usacenola/, and Twitter, https://twitter.com/TeamNewOrleans pages. Follow us to stay up-to-date.
Posted 4/24/2017
The Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority – East proposes to construct an 840-foot long, 48-inch round drain line approximately 130 feet from the centerline of the Lake Pontchartrain and Vicinity – Lakefront Levee in Kenner, Louisiana to improve drainage near the levee. The drain line would begin east of the St. Gabriel Subdivision behind Royal Palm Drive and travel southeast for approximately 350 feet. It would then change direction and travel southwest for approximately 170 feet before turning south for approximately 320 feet to discharge into the Duncan Canal. The drainage dike and swale for the levee will be adjusted to follow the contour of the new pipes.
Please Click Here to see the entire Public Notice including drawings.
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Holidays on the Adriatic: this client bought
Diversifying your portfolio: this Tranio client bought three properties in Europe
We offer apartments with different layouts in an exclusive residential complex near Hampstead Heath Park. All apartments include balconies or terraces and, depending on the layout, offer panoramic ...
Contemporary two bedrooms apartment with beautiful sea views for sale, situated in the heart of Petrovac, near Sveti Stefan and Budva - Montenegro.This attractive apartment is located in the heart ...
For sale apartment of 66 sq.meters in Thessaloniki. The apartment is located on the 2nd floor and it consists of one bedroom, living room with kitchen, one bathroom. Flat has double-frontage layout...
Apartment for sale, with individual gas heating in the quiet center. On the first floor - kitchen-dining room, bedroom, guest toilet. On the second floor - living room, bedroom, bathroom.


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Visit Gotham - Best of Gotham
This warm abode of Gotham is a delightful place to visit in United Kingdom. To explore Gotham, set aside 1 to 2 number of your days. You'll be coming back for more!
Don't just take a trip, let the trip take you! Have a enjoyable time at Gotham.
Explore the travel itinerary planning tool for your visit to Gotham and create a flawless plan in few simple steps!
Trip plans for Gotham
Triphobo Travel ExpertNew York City, Chicago, Las Vegas, Seattle, San Francisco, Washington, D. C., Miami, Boston21 Days 12885 Views
4 Days 166892 Views
1 Day 60388 Views
Triphobo Travel ExpertNew York City, Washington, D. C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Death Valley National Park15 Days 51789 Views
2 Days 63276 Views
14 Days 20899 Views


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