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Role of Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Progress and New Avenues
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Chronic rhinosinusitis is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease with unknown etiology. Aberrant responses to microorganisms have been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Research has focused on the presence, detection, response to, and eradication of these potential threats. Main topics seem to center on the contribution of structural cells such as epithelium and fibroblasts, on the consequences of activation of pattern-recognition receptors, and on the role of antimicrobial agents. This research should be viewed not only in the light of a comparison between healthy and diseased individuals, but also in a comparison between patients who do or do not respond to treatment. New players that could play a role in the pathophysiology seem to surface at regular intervals, adding to our understanding (and the complexity) of the disease and opening new avenues that may help fight this incapacitating disease.
KeywordsInnate immunity Chronic rhinosinusitis Pathogenesis Nasal polyposis Pattern-recognition receptors Epithelium ILC2 Microorganisms
Research into the workings of the innate immune system is slowly developing from the dark horse it once was into a frontrunner with the realization that the innate immune system is an integral part of immunity. By definition, the innate immune system is that part of the immune system that does not depend on previous exposures for optimal function. Its main functions are largely to act as a physical and chemical barrier, to recruit immune competent cells to the site of infection, to activate the adaptive immune system, and to activate the complement system. In this light, the innate immune system seems to buy time for the adaptive immune system to come to the rescue. However, it can also act as a fully accomplished eradicating defense system, avoiding the energy-consuming mobilization of the adaptive immune system. Research on the innate immune system over the years had focused on a number of larger topics. The first topic was the diverse role of (airway) epithelium in the innate defense. As the epithelium forms the outer layer of an organism, it is well-positioned to detect and respond to changes in the environment [1]. The second topic was the activity of different receptors by which cells can detect the outside environment, and the third was the action of (secreted) mediators that fight off potential threats. This review builds on the 2009 paper on the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by Andrew Lane in this same journal [2••]. Starting from this point, in the first part of this review, we update and extend previous work, but in the second part, we focus on two main trends that could shape research, not only in the field of innate immunity, but also in the field of CRS and nasal polyposis (NP) [3, 4•, 5•].
The relationship between innate immunity and CRS has always been special. In cystic fibrosis, there is an absence of mucociliary clearance and a high prevalence of CRS. The presence of biofilms in CRS patients and the postulated roles for Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, and fungi in the pathogenesis of CRS over the years have all been based on a disrupted ability to fight off these microorganisms. Given that it is not clear to what extent the adaptive immune system is involved (aspecific activation of polyclonal T cells by superantigens, non–IgE-mediated antifungal response, local production of IgE in the absence of systemic allergy) in the complex inflammation of CRS [6, 7], it seems logical that the innate immune reactions are so carefully considered in the pathogenesis of CRS. We should, however, also not forget that CRS is not a single disease. Not only do some patients with CRS suffer from NP (while others do not), the differences in cellular composition between "Asian" (neutrophilic) and "Caucasian" (eosinophilic) polyps [8, 9] could even suggest that the strong focus we have placed on particular inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of CRS has no merit. Moreover, CRS without NP may have different etiologies in different patients, which would make it difficult to find a common adaptive or innate immune response deficiency as the root course of the disease.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Outside Microbial World
Although CRS with NP inflammation is clearly associated with exaggerated production of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines and pro-eosinophilic mediators [6, 7], the underlying cause remains unknown. Multiple groups have proposed that abnormal immune responses may accompany exposure to microorganisms and/or their products, including fungi, S. aureus, or bacterial biofilms [10, 11, 12]. This line of thought remained a main topic of research.
Given the postulated role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of CRS or nasal polyposis, it seems reasonable to assume that trying to fight (specific) pathogens through medication would prove advantageous. However, unfortunately, there is at best modest success with this approach. Multiple placebo and controlled studies with antifungals showed no beneficial effect [13, 14, 15]. Despite the initial success [16], a recently published meta-analysis also showed that even placebo did better than the active arm [17]. The use of antibiotics or macrolides yields varying results with modest effect for roxithromycin [18] and for doxycycline [19], whereas an international study with low-dose azithromycin yielded no effect on multiple clinical parameters [20].
It is important to stress that the modest effect of antimicrobial treatment does not imply that innate immunity is not relevant for CRS or NP, as treating single classes of pathogens would still leave others (fungi vs bacteria vs virus); with microorganisms all around us, recolonization could be very rapid; and preventing growth of microorganisms or induction of their killing should still lead to the release of pathogen-associated ligands that could trigger the innate response. Interesting, although not related to the fight against pathogens but rather related to the Th2-like inflammation seen in CRS/NP, is the experimental use of an antibody directed against interleukin (IL)-5 [21, 22]. An international consortium is currently evaluating these promising initial clinical results further in a larger study.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Detection of Microorganisms
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been at the forefront of research into innate immunity. As such, they are the best described family of receptors by which cells can detect microorganisms in their environment [1]. Also in CRS-related research, there has been great interest in these receptors as triggers of innate immune reactions. However, recent findings show that we probably need to broaden our view. One of the first negative results comes from the field of TLR2, in which despite previous observations of a link between lower expression of TLR2 and difficult-to-treat CRS [23], none of the investigated polymorphisms in the TLR2 gene could be linked to the disease [24]. Interestingly, one possible explanation is that we should not consider one receptor or one trigger in isolation. Although the design of the study would have been better with the inclusion of more than one concentration of stimuli, Nonaka and coworkers [25] showed that in fibroblasts isolated from allergic NP patients, the sole addition of TLR2 to TLR5 agonists or IL-4 did not reveal any induction of the T-lymphocyte–associated mediator TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine). However, when the TLR agonists were combined with IL-4, a strong induction was seen [25]. Although this observation could be related to the allergic phenotype and not to the CRS background of the patients in this study, this outcome does show that we should more carefully consider interaction between triggers, especially because in everyday life, we seldom encounter single triggers. The same group, however, also showed that nasal polyp fibroblasts are able to respond to the sole addition of TLR2 to TLR5 agonists via the production of macrophage inflammatory protein-3α [26].
The horizon is also broadened by the observation that an additional family of innate immunity receptors is also affected in CRS and NP. These NLR receptors (NOD-like receptors) are found within the cytoplasm of cells and can also be triggered by microbial-derived factors [1]. Three of these receptors (NOD-1, NOD-2, and NALP-3) were investigated in NP and were shown to be highly enriched in the epithelia of patients relative to healthy controls and shown to be downregulated by steroid treatment [27]. In addition to the NLR class of receptors, an as-yet-unknown receptor is held responsible for the detection and responsiveness of airway epithelia to chitin [28]. Chitin, a cell wall component not found in humans, is able to induce expression in air-interface–grown epithelial cells of an enzyme that is able to break down chitin (acidic mammalian chitinase [AMCase]), and of eotaxin-3, a mediator important in the functionality of eosinophils. Increased expression of AMCase and eotaxin-3 is also connected to treatment efficacy, in which polyps that respond well have higher levels of AMCase and eotaxin-3 than those that respond more poorly.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Battle Against Microorganisms
Lysozyme is a major component of nasal secretions and was always seen as an important antibacterial defense protein given its ability to break down bacterial cell wall. Woods and coworkers [29] now have shown that lysozyme can also play a role in the fight against fungi, as growth in cultures from multiple species, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida, is susceptible to lysozyme. This was also true for clinical isolates from CRS patients, showing that selection of fungi not responsive to lysozyme is not part of the pathological mechanism in CRS. Whether or not changes in lysozyme activity or expression could be involved in CRS remains to be explored. That changes in activity of antimicrobial agents could play a role is seen for lactoferrin. At both the gene expression level and the protein level, it was shown that lactoferrin was reduced in CRS patients compared with controls [30]. Small cationic peptide–like defensins and cathelicidins (LL37) make up the third important class of antimicrobial agents and have been described previously [2••], but a recent development was the realization that small lipids (cholesteryl esters) [31] that can be found in breast milk also can be found at increased levels in nasal secretions from CRS patients [32•]. Interestingly, expression of antimicrobial agents is highly variable among individuals suffering from disease [33] and may also depend on the colonization status of S. aureus in NP patients [34].
A Global View on Innate Immunity and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
New lines of research seem to abandon the thought that a unique molecule, cell, or pathogen could be the single source of CRS in all patients. With the technical developments in genetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, a more generalized approach is chosen. Although these approaches may suffer from their own restrictions [35], they can provide a broader picture. Perhaps even more importantly, as these methods collect a wide range of (molecular) data on single individuals, they may aid in defining molecular patterns that could point to subtypes of CRS and/or help explain the widely varying success rates of treatment among individuals suffering from CRS.
Polymorphisms and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Genome-wide association studies focus on differences at the genomic level between cases and controls. These differences are at the DNA sequence level, of which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most commonly investigated and in which cases could represent individuals suffering from CRS or individuals with CRS who respond poorly to treatment. The rational is that SNPs could have consequences for the expression level of a given gene when the mutations are located in promoter or enhancer elements, or that these mutations could have consequences for the activity of the proteins encoded by the gene in question when the mutation is in the coding sequences. The elegant design used by the group of Desrosiers et al. has identified a growing list of SNPs in a growing list of genes that were shown to be different between a group of more than 200 CRS patients and close to 190 postcode-matched controls in Canada [24, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41]. The roles of the genes involved vary but seemed to center on the detection of potential pathogens [24], the detection of mediators [36, 37], and downstream signaling events [38, 39, 40, 41]. Given the uniqueness of this group of cases and controls, it would be interesting and important to study the functional consequences of the discovered SNPs. Moreover, given that the genes belong to the larger group of signaling-related genes, it would be relevant to determine whether or not a correlation exists between the polymorphisms in the different genes. That the SNPs are all discovered in the same group of individuals does not necessarily imply that the polymorphisms in different genes coexist in the same individual. The potential relationship between these genes (and their SNPs) would provide a deeper understanding of the potential processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS.
Some of the mutation studies focus on SNPs in genes that are directly linked to previous parts of this review, reflecting the absence of specific SNPs in TLR2 linked to CRS [24] or the presence of mutations linked to the functionality of the newly discovered innate lymphoid cell (ILC)2 (described in further detail subsequently) [36, 37]. One study focuses on SNPs within a member of the SERPIN family [41]. This family of proteins is named after the proteins' ability to inhibit the protease activity of serine proteases. One of the important target molecules of SERPIN-A1 is the elastase produced by neutrophils. This protease can be released from neutrophils after exposure to bacterial superantigens or allergens and could therefore contribute to the ongoing inflammation in CRS. Indeed, one of the SNPs investigated was linked to a nearly sixfold increase in the risk of developing CRS. Whether this mutation had consequence for the activity or SERPIN-A1 or its secretion was not investigated. In contrast, no SNPs in glutathione S-transferase, a gene linked to redox state, could be linked to CRS [42].
Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
The analysis of the transcriptome (the collection of mRNAs that are expressed) has also found its way in the study of the involvement of innate immunity in CRS. Several studies have specifically focused on innate immunity through the use of dedicated arrays (or polymerase chain reaction–based technologies) [43, 44], while others have investigated the complete transcriptome through microarray technologies [45, 46, 47, 48]. The later studies can be seen to describe the potential consequences of the involvement of the innate immune system and other aspects of the disease that are not necessarily linked to innate immunity.
In a screen, among the expression of 125 TLR-related genes in nonatopic CRS patients and controls, 23 genes were shown to be differentially regulated [43]. Four genes were upregulated and 19 genes downregulated. Among the genes that were upregulated in disease were TLR9 and TLR10, while among the genes that were downregulated, a substantial number belong to the JNK/p38 pathway. It is interesting to see that of the three main pathways [1] that are downstream of the TLRs (the nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] pathway leading to activation of the NF-κB-family of transcription factors, the JNK/p38 pathway leading to the activation of the AP1 family of transcription factors, and the IRF pathway leading to the activation of type 1 interferons), one pathway is so strongly affected. The increased expression of TLR9 contrasts previous findings [23] that showed a reduced expression of TLR9. The reason for this difference is not clear, but it could be related to differences in the allergic status among the participants in these two studies—nonatopic in the study of Zhao and coworkers [43], (partly) atopic in the study of Lane and colleagues [23]. The question remains as to what are the functional consequences of the observed deregulation of genes, with on one hand the upregulation of the TLR receptor, and on the other hand a downregulation of part of the downstream signaling cascade. The complement system is the focus of the study by Schlosser et al. [44]. The complement system is important in the direct battle against pathogens that have penetrated the peripheral barriers. Overactivation of this system may result in uncontrolled inflammation, whereas inactivity may fail to eradicate potential threats. This is the first study to address the complement system in detail, although expression of a complement factor (C3) in CRS has been described previously [49]. A strongly increased expression of factor B (sixfold) and C3 (fourfold) was detected relative to controls in combination with a small increase in the terminal protein C5 (twofold) and no change in C7. Although most of the complement factors are produced in the liver, the increased expression of factor B and C3 not only suggests the involvement of the alternative pathway of activation, but also that these factors (in the absence of increased expression of the terminal proteins) could be locally produced by the airway epithelial cells [50]. The other microarray [45, 46, 47, 48] and proteomic [51, 52, 53, 54, 55] studies, by their nature, have not investigated the involvement of the innate immunity directly but show (in addition to innate immunity–related genes and proteins) the global effects of the ongoing inflammation and its potential use as a predictor of treatment outcome or clinical classification.
A New View on Innate Immunity and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
The immunology field recently witnessed an interesting development in the discovery of an extended family of ILCs that seem to play an important role in tissue remodeling and in the defense against microorganisms and helminthic parasites [56]. ILCs have been described previously, with natural killer (NK) cells and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells as the best known protagonists [57, 58]. New members of the ILC family share characteristics of NK cells and LTi cells in that they not only express NK markers such as NKp44 and NKp46, but also LTi markers such as CD127 (IL-7 receptor chain α) and the transcription factor RORγt [56]. Moreover, these cells are able to produce IL-17 or IL-22 and in this respect resemble some of the different subtypes of Th cells that play such an important role in the different branches of the adaptive immune system. The parallel with the adaptive immune system was further strengthened by the description of an ILC type that is able to produce the archetypal Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. Given their ability to produce IL-13, these cells have been named nuocytes (after the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet) or ILC2s (after their resemblance to Th2 cells) [59, 60]. They were originally described only in mice gut, but we have recently discovered that this cell type is highly enriched in nasal polyps of CRS patients [61••]. These cells produce IL-5 and IL-13 and respond to exposure to IL-25 and IL-33 produced by several cell types in nasal polyps, including macrophages, mast cells, and epithelial cells. This would tie in with the observation that epithelial cells isolated from nonresponsive polyps (return of visible polyps within 6 months after surgery despite postoperative use of local and oral steroids) showed higher basal mRNA levels of IL-33 than epithelial cells isolated from responsive polyps [25, 62]. Moreover, reports show that downstream of ILC2s, CRS with NP is associated with lower levels of expression of the epithelial IL-22 receptor compared with healthy individuals or CRS patients without NP [63], and that polymorphisms in the gene are correlated with disease severity [27]. Given the ability of nasal epithelial cells to respond to IL-13 and IL-22, such a potential should consider that IL-33 can also be produced by fibroblasts and that IL-33 receptors can also be found on mast cells, eosinophils, and Th2 lymphocytes [12]. Despite these obvious restrictions, the negative or positive feedback loop may contribute to the severity of the disease or its treatment. However, it is noteworthy that IL-33 mRNA levels are somewhat enhanced by the TLR agonist CpG in epithelial cells from treatment-resistant CRS, but not in epithelial cells from treatment-responsive CRS [64], which would again link CRS to aberrant antimicrobial immunity. Although the precise role of ILCs in general and ILC2s in particular in immune responses or the pathogenesis of CRS is still unknown, they could offer some explanation for the Th2/eosinophilic-like phenotype of NP without a prerequisite concomitant allergic response. Given the absence of RAG recombinase-dependent rearranged antigen receptors on ILCs, the immune responses mediated by these cells are most likely polyclonal in nature. However, exactly if and how ILC2s influence the evident aberrant adaptive immune responses seen in CRS inflammation remains unclear. Whether the discovery of ILCs heralds the end to the darkness that surrounds the pathogenesis of CRS or just adds another level of complexity surely will be the topic of interesting new lines of research.
The marriage between CRS and/or NP remains strong, and there are no signs that the link will get weaker. There does seem to be a trend toward broader approaches that better consider that CRS is not a single disease and that no single pathogen, molecule, or cell is the cause of the disease. Although there will always be a need for dedicated research that would analyze the contribution of single pathogens, molecules, or cells to the pathogenesis of the disease or to its treatment success, techniques seem to have developed sufficiently to try to take an even broader view. Collecting data on the transcriptome, proteome, or metabolome (the collection of mRNA, proteins, or metabolic products) could assist in defining the disease in single individuals. Even when a single process would be the sole cause of CRS, the reason why this process is affected could be different in every patient. With CRS being a collection of different diseases in different patients, the need for a holistic view seems even more important. It might well be that our clinical options to categorize CRS are too limited by the sheer limitation of the number of clinical parameters we can use to describe the disease. In this respect, the discovery and description of molecular patterns may aid us in refining the clinical characterization of the disease and provide a better understanding as to why some treatments fail in certain individuals. CRS probably will always keep surprising and fascinating us. The discovery of a whole new class of innate lymphocytes that is so enriched in NP probably will not be the last of these surprises.
Dr. Fokkens has served as a consultant for Stallallargen, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, and NeilMed Pharmaceuticals; has received grant support from Allergopharma, GlaxoSmithKline, and Medtronic; and has served on speakers' bureaus for GlaxoSmithKline and MSD.
Drs. van Drunen, Mjösberg, Segboer, and Cornet reported no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
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Brand Label: Armani Junior
Available for Purchase Online at NORDSTROM for $390.00Pin It
Jacquard logos pepper a spacious and supremely versatile diaper bag that easily converts from classic over-the-shoulder carry to a backpack when you want to go hands-free. Color(s): navy blue. Brand: ARMANI JUNIOR. Style Name: Armani Junior Convertible Diaper Backpack. Style Number: 5415675. Available in stores.
Shop other brand label items from Armani Junior on FashionStylist.com.
This item was published for sale online by NORDSTROM on October 23, 2017 10:01 am and last updated by us November 15, 2017 10:07 am.
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subset: commoncrawl


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my dodge durango wont start i dont here anything when turn the key and the alarm light is blinking. whst could be wrong.
2 Answers
Sounds like your key is not working perhaps the chip in it is broken, if you have another key try that or you need to get a new one and get it programmed for you Durango.
How can I tell if the chip is broken?
Search Dodge Durango Questions
Dodge Durango Experts
#1Sigurður GuðmundssonReputation2,790
#3Matt JudkinsReputation860
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2 guests
1 bedroom
1 bed
1 bath
2 guests
1 bedroom
1 bed
1 bath
Led in Cole Bay Hill, Paradise Villa offers stunning views of the lagoon and the Island of Anguilla. It offers both calm and animations since all amenities are at its feet: Casino, restaurants, supermarket, beaches ...
translated by Google
Lovée dans la colline de Cole Bay, Paradise Villa offre une vue imprenable sur le lagon et l'Île d'Anguilla.
Elle offre à la fois calme et animations puisque toutes les commodités sont a ses pieds : Casino, restaurants, supermarché, plages...
The space
Cozy room with a real queen size bed (180), private bathroom, small seating area and private outdoor terrace overlooking the lagoon. Independent access. Electric shutter.
translated by Google
Chambre cosy avec un vrai lit Queen size (180), salle de bain privative, petit coin salon et terrasse extérieur privative avec vue sur le lagon. Accès indépendant.
Volet electrique.
Guest access
Free access to the outdoor common areas of the villa: garden, solarium .. Access to the villa for washing machine, dryer .... upon request.
translated by Google
Accès libre aux parties communes extérieurs de la villa : jardin, solarium..
Accès a la villa pour machine a lave, sèche linge.... sur demande.
Interaction with guests
We will be very happy to share our experiences
translated by Google
Nous serons très heureux de partager nos expériences
Air conditioning
Extra people No Charge
Always communicate through Airbnb
To protect your payment, never transfer money or communicate outside of the Airbnb website or app.
House Rules
Not suitable for pets
No parties or events
non fumeur dans la chambre
Safety features
Lock on bedroom door
1 night minimum stay
84 Reviews
Check In
Nestled up on a hill, but still close to tons of food and nightlife. Everything was within walking distance and easy to get to. The home is gorgeous! The pool is actually bigger than how it appears in photos. Our roo. Was spacious, clean, and comfortable. The hosts were very hospitable and always available if we needed anything.
We had a great visit for our very first stay through airbnb. Julien was a gracious host and provided us with lots of suggestions to explore the island, places to eat, and must do highlights. His family was very welcoming and we enjoyed spending time with them throughout our stay. The villa is beautiful and the views are fantastic. Plan ahead for the steep road up to the villa. It is quite a walk, but the views are worth it!
The neighborhood
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More places to stay in Cole Bay:


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One of my favorite things about summer, is how the makeup gets lighter and the colors get brighter! The sunshine and heat always inspires me to change up my beauty routine, experiment with different shades and techniques, and test out other products. In this week's post, I am sharing my current summer beauty products and how I created two looks… View Post
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You Cannot Wait for Inspiration
"You can't wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club" – Jack London Inspiration will not fall into your lap. Rarely, will you ever wake up and feel it soak directly into your skin. Artists do not hop out of bed and walk straight to a canvas and paint a beautiful picture. Writers cannot force themselves… View Post
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It boils down to strength of connections allowing brands to monetise across an increased number of touch points, leaving it less exposed to the uncertainties of an ad market stacked against the original, quality producers of content.
In order to achieve this, they need to do a few things well, including:
1. Building strong vertical (special interest) brands with a ruthless focus on building relationships of trust with consumers around prime interests
2. Providing consumers with opportunities to connect around, express and revel in their passions
3. An understanding that "magazine media" does not only mean developing media content brands, but also the platforms that support the monetisation of said brands
A case in point is the UK's Immediate Media, a magazine media company only launched in 2011 when the digital disruption of media was already well, well underway.
Within the space of 6 years, the firm, describing itself as "a special interest content and platform company", established its credentials sufficiently to be acquired by Germany-headquartered Hubert Burda Media – itself a "media and technology operation", but with legacy stretching back more than 100 years – for an undisclosed sum.
Get stories like these delivered to your inbox every week by subscribing to the FIPP World newsletter.
Part of Immediate's appeal lies in the company's ruthless ability to engage and deliver to special interest audiences, maximising the chain of value opportunities each and ever consumer presents. In a world where monthly audiences are often measured in the hundreds of millions, if not billion plus, Immediate Media shows what can be achieved with an audience of 19 million on the basis of the strength of connections between audience and brand and among the audience itself.
The bottom line for magazine media with this in mind: Quantity of relationships does not trump quality of relationships in each and every instance, provided you are smart in how you go about developing your model. In the case of Immediate, it is built on three pillars (we mention a fourth, crucial one below):
1. Special interest content
2. Special interest platforms
3. Technology infrastructure in support of the above
To achieve the above, Immediate set about building the business through a combination of organic development supported by smart acquisitions aimed at exploiting opportunities brought about special interest brands' ability to connect at a deeply emotional level.
In doing so, it enables the business to monetise across a range of consumer touch points, making it less exposed to the vagaries of the advertising market. FIPP asked Immediate Media Co's Francois-Regis Coumau (pictured above), group managing director of consumer revenues, three questions about the group's thinking around monetisation "direct from consumer" (rather than, or more specifically, on top of advertising). These were:
1. What are the key "direct from consumer" monetisation opportunities for you?
2. How do you go about developing these?
3. How do you move people through the purchase funnel, from awareness through to purchase and repeat transacting?
To the first question, Francois-Regis said the group hopes "to capture the strategic opportunity from our customers" through the definition of being a special interest content and platform company. Thinking with ruthless focus in these terms, it appears to allow the company to consider media not as "legacy versus new", but with 100 per cent focus on the consumer first, then building the opportunity from there.
According to Francois-Regis, Immediate Media's "print business continues to thrive – we're actually growing retail sales value and have launch over 25 magazines in the last five years. That's because we play in special interest sectors where we absolutely understand the passions of our audiences.
"From TV and entertainment to food, weddings, crafting to parenting, gardening to cycling, we have created brands which are powered by world-class content creators and trusted implicitly by our super-engaged audiences – who add up: in total we reach over 19 million UK consumers each month."
The above, then, is the special interest content component.
"The platform element of the strategic mission is all about utilising our consumer engagement and our deep insights into those special interest economies to offer new products and services.
"That trust which is so important between our brands and their audiences means our customers give us permission to develop new ways to meet – and hopefully exceed – their expectations. That could be through partnership transaction models, digital marketplaces or direct e-commerce through our TV shopping channels JewelleryMaker and The Sewing Quarter."
"Our platform strategy means that we have been absolutely focused on optimising our customer database of over nine million UK consumers while at the same time developing a technology infrastructure which means we can move with agility to exploit new business model opportunities," said Francois-Regis, responding to the second question.
"A good example is our TV shopping brand, JewelleryMaker. Immediate was already the number one publisher of craft magazines, with a strong and growing digital footprint. So we already had a dialogue with millions of active crafters, entertaining, educating and inspiring them. Which is what magazines do so well. But we were too far away from the retail moment in the sector, which in the UK is worth over £3bn annually.
"The strategic acquisition of JewelleryMaker gave us not only a great brand and a great business model, but it also gave us two new platforms: TV shopping and e-commerce.
"Very quickly we ensured that the technology set was absorbed into our overall technology infrastructure and we started to apply the platform opportunity elsewhere – and obviously given our cross-marketing capabilities our first new TV shopping and e-commerce launch was in the craft sector. The Sewing Quarter launched in January and is already gaining real traction. And with models like TV shopping and e-commerce we're able to own the retail moment that we have inspired through our fantastic content."
In answer to the third question, Francois-Regis refers to Immediate's "super-engaged" consumers (again), the ability of magazine media brands to develop relationships of trust and the willingness of loyal consumers to share insights (i.e. data) with their brands.
"Our super-engaged consumers tell us a lot about themselves – they trust us. And that means that we can tailor services to their needs. That could be through introducing them to relevant suppliers through digital marketplaces like hitched – the UK's premier digital wedding brand reaching over one million brides and brides-to-be.
"Or it could be via transactional models like Your RT, the hugely popular section of Radio Times which offers our readers holidays, books and financial services products via trusted partners.
"A very focused data strategy means we're able to laser target communities of interest with the right offer at the right time, and that's driving real growth in our direct-from-consumer revenues."
Over the years, Tom Bureau, CEO of Immediate Media, has several times highlighted the importance of culture, talent and management of change as a crucial pillar – perhaps the most critical – for success. Below is an excerpt from what he told FIPP ahead of speaking at the 40th FIPP World Congress in 2015, about building the company. He explained that Immediate thinks about culture, talent and change in two ways.
"The first way is to acquire the skillsets, particularly from a senior leadership perspective, that we lack – and there are lots of examples of us bringing talent into the business that we historically probably wouldn't have. For instance our most recent hires [in 2015] to the leadership team from Tesco (CIO Toby Hoon) and eBay (Francois-Regis Coumau, quoted above).
"Secondly, we are very focused on developing the talent we already have in the organisation and thinking about how we move people into new roles. You have to get the right balance, and you have to be careful you don't break the machine by changing too many of the parts at once. But if you don't change it enough, then you don't change the central gravity of the business and, while it's always a work in progress, we are pretty committed to that."
1. Special interest content
2. Special interest platforms
3. Technology infrastructure
4. Culture, talent and management of change
5. Lazor-sharp customer insight (data); "owning" multiple touch points
Also read:
1. Monetising direct from consumer: Three tech experts share their thoughts
2. Hearst and The New York Times: emphasis on the subscription business
3. HBO chief on factors underlying subscription growth
4. Vindicia whitepaper: Nine essentials for capturing subs and recurring revenues
5. How Hearst UK is developing 'Events-as-a-Service'
6. Cvent: How tech innovation enriches (and will enrich) event experiences
7. Shueisha general manager: Print audience fuels e-commerce model
The Future Today Institute recently published its 2018 report into the emerging tech trends that are likely to shape the publishing industry in 2018. Here, we speak to Amy Webb, the founder of the organisation, about the development of study, and explains how better scientific modelling undertaken today can help us to predict future technologies.20th Nov 2017 Features
The Facebook and Google duopoly are creating huge shifts in the allocation of advertising budgets. What does this mean for publishers, brands, and agencies? A panel of industry experts gave some answers during a recent panel discussion at the FIPP World Congress.20th Nov 2017 Features
Bloomberg Businessweek re-launched earlier this year with an ambitious objective to become the number one truly global title for business leaders in a connected world. Editor Megan Murphy was at the recent FIPP Congress in London to explain how they have gone about this.16th Nov 2017 Features
One of the biggest drives for publishers in the past decade or two have been transitioning their print content to digital. For some it is all about maintaining the magazine's brand essence online, yet others have enjoyed success in amalgamating print publications to create new web first brands.13th Nov 2017 Features
Recently, there has been a period of time where there was somewhat of a slow-down in international brand activity as companies focused on shoring up their bases. However, this year we have seen an increasing number of reports surfacing about media companies adopting a more global outlook again – at least in certain segments. Does this mean a renewed focus on brand licensing, and in what form? And what is the outlook as we head into 2018?13th Nov 2017 Features
CDS Global and Zeddit announced a strategic technology partnership in the UK and Australia to provide advanced subscriber conversion capabilities for print magazine publishers. The partnership will focus on improving the conversion of visitors to magazine websites into subscribers for CDS Global clients.13th Nov 2017 Industry News
One of the biggest drives for publishers in the past decade or two have been transitioning their print content to digital. For some it is all about maintaining the magazine's brand essence online, yet others have enjoyed success in amalgamating print publications to create new web first brands.13th Nov 2017 Features
Publishers' growing urge to be platform agnostic needs to be balanced by focussed efforts to ensure content remains platform specific.13th Nov 2017 Features
Deborah Joseph is appointed chief content officer of Glamour, a new position created to lead the vision for the beauty-first, digital-first media brand, it was announced today.16th Nov 2017 Industry News
Visit our Youtube channelFIND OUT MORE
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5 beds, 2 full, 1 three-quarter, 1 half baths3,498 sqft lot 10,095 sqftWalk Score® 7MLS OC17263171
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5 beds, 3 full, 1 half baths3,161 sqft lot 11,280 sqftWalk Score® 2MLS EV17261531
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$600,0003 beds, 2 full, 1 half baths2,160 sqft lot 11,340 sqftWalk Score® 1MLS CV17256185
3 beds, 2 full baths1,656 sqft lot 12,600 sqftWalk Score® 12MLS EV17258085
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4 beds, 3 full baths1,692 sqft lot 11,400 sqftWalk Score® 11MLS EV17256515
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Unless otherwise stated this review is not affiliated with any other website nor has the review been authorised by the copyright company or indiviudal author. As of 17th July 2017 this encompasses every review within ZXSR. If you would like this or any other review removed from this website, please contact the website administrator here.
I've always been a great tennis fan. There I am, at Wimbledon in front of the TV, a six-pack in one hand and a bowl of strawberries and low fat cream (gotta watch the calories y'know), in the other. Ah! There's nothing like it. Well, there probably is, but I'll tell you about that another time.
Grand Prix Tennis is another great game for all us armchair sporty types. All the excitement and none of the sweat. Well it would have been, except for one glaring point - the game is about as playable as snooker on a sloping table.
Trouble is, the game is far too easy, yet far too hard at the same time. I found it practically impossible to keep a rally going for more than two seconds, my opponent seemed to be Lendl, Becker and Borg rolled into one! On the other hand, it is possible to serve an ace with every - er - serve, thus making it tres easy to win that game.
These two poor gameplay design points make the program a bit of a laff to play, but add to that the terrible collision detector and you have a game that would make John McEnroe rotate in his tailor made Nike sports shoes. In fact Grand Prix Tennis adds nothing new to tennis sims, and as far as I'm concerned, that oldie but goldie Match Point still wins game, set and match every time.


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WESTBURY captain Alex Senneck was delighted with his side's response to their last away defeat as they secured a four-wicket victory at Rockhampton.
Having beaten Thornbury at home a week prior, Senneck was not convinced his side had learnt from their defeat to Burbage & Easton Royal until they hit the road again.
And having restricted their hosts on Saturday to 221 from their 50 overs, with opener Matt Tyler unbeaten on 112, Westbury set about the chase.
However, three early wickets left the visitors somewhat floundering on 36-3 before the steady hands of Brannon Varley (52) and Richard Mills (77) guided Westbury to within touching distance, with James Hudson's knock of 54 all but seeing them over the line.
Senneck, who secured the win with a six to earn an extra batting point, was delighted with his side's reaction.
"I was very pleased from the perspective of having lost two weeks ago away. What I wanted to see from the team was a reaction to that, not when we played at home in familiar surroundings but when we played away from home in unfamiliar surroundings," he said.
"We were asked to field first, which we anticipated, on a good looking deck and we attacked the game with a level of intensity in the field and with the ball that we have not shown until now.
"The guy who scored 100 had to bat for 50 overs for it and we chipped away.
"The most pleasing thing was, when we were 36-3 after some good bowling from them, (Brannon) Varley dug in and counter-attacked really well.
"They both passed 50 and then James Hudson picked up from where Brannon left off and picked up a 50 himself.
"It was a comfortable win against a good side away from home."
With second-placed Goatacre beating leaders Cheltenham at the weekend, Westbury sit just three points adrift of the top two and despite a relatively straight-forward fixture with bottom side Hatherley & Reddings this coming weekend, Senneck knows they can't take their eye off the ball.
"Spirits are high and there is a degree of confidence going into the second half of the season," he added.
"These are the games that people can take lightly and it will be an opportunity for Hatherley to regroup, halfway through the season, so they will be thinking they know what we have got having seen us already.
"We need to be careful and it is these games you have to up your concentration levels for and your preparation."


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Truly one of the nicest view lots in all of Mountain Shadow Estates! Full South facing w/extraordinary views of much of the Continental Divide & Lake Granby South & broken views of Shadow Mountain Reservoir to the North as well as, with over 8 acres of buffer, one of the largest lots in SME. Very easy year round access with potential 360 degree views. Must stand on it to fully appreciate it.
The content relating to real estate for sale in this Web site comes in part from the Internet Data eXchange (IDX) program of METROLIST, INC., DBA RECOLORADO®. Real estate listings held by brokers other than RE/MAX Alliance are marked with the IDX Logo. This information is being provided for the consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any other purpose. All information subject to change and should be independently verified. [more]
Copyright © 2017 IDX. All rights reserved. Information deemed reliable but is not guaranteed.


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Mark Noble is fully recovered from abdominal surgery and ready to take his place in the side against Sturm Graz in Austria tonight. Speaking to the official site he Hammers captain said: "The operation went really well and I've trained every day and been involved in everything since we've been back, so I feel really […]
More here:
Noble and Zaba ready for action
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I've been a passionate Hammers fan since i can remember. Growing up in Canning Town i was always down Upton Park as it was only a 10 minute walk down the Barking road. Always and forever COYI ! West Ham Till I Die !
Latest posts by Upthehammers (see all)
- Hammers keep big eye on January target - 24th November 2017
- West Ham manager David Moyes defends Andy Carroll - 24th November 2017
- London Stadium problems to be laid bare in new report - 24th November 2017


text:
Tenebre (1982) from Tuna
|Tenebre (1982) is a nifty whodunit thriller by Dario Argento.
|After doing several pure horror in a row, he returned to his real love, suspense thriller, but with lots of gore. Dario loves to push the envelope, and create effects that have never been done on film. He was asked in an interview if he felt guilty because people have trouble sleeping after one of his films. He said, "No, I love it. That means the film affected them."
|An American author of a murder mystery, Tenebre, flies to Italy on a promotional tour. Someone starts murdering girls, and sending notes to the author. The killer also stuffs pages from the book into the first victim's mouth. I don't want to reveal more of the plot, as I recommend this one. This new uncut dubbed version is very watchable.
|The color palette used in this film is
more modern than most of Argento's films. but his expertise with the
camera is still evident. Mirellia D'Angelo and Lara Wendel have
good see-throughs, an Unknown lesbian shows breasts several times in a
long scene, and Eva Robins shows his breasts in a lengthy
Leonard Maltin reviewed the 91 minute
butchered version first released in the US and awarded 2 stars.
Argento was furious about the censored version. . The gore may put off
some mystery fans, but I think both horror and suspense fans will
enjoy this one..
Return to the Movie House home page


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WOW, This fantastic family semi detached home is now available to rent and has been newly refurbished to an exceptionally high standard. It is well placed for local schools, amenities and the main bus route. Call NOW to book your viewing!
Superb opportunity to rent this spacious 3 bedroom semi detached property situated in the Rosgerove area, call today to avoid disappointment as this property is expected to let very quickly.
Spacious three bedroom property with front and rear garden, Available Now.
NEW Spacious 2 bedroom mid terrace property situated just off Padiham Road, Burnley. Call today to arrange your viewing!!!
Recently Reduced And Half Price Rent What a superb little gem of a property we have to offer in the popular Tim Bobbin area of Burnley, close to the M65, and both Burnley and Padiham centre. Offering two generously sized bedrooms and ample living space for an...
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Thrale St parking
Driveway on Porter Street, SE1
Parking Space on Henley Drive, SE1
Parking Space on Abbey Street, SE1
Parking Space on Henley Drive, SE1
Car Park on Lower Thames Street, EC3R
Driveway on Rothsay Street, SE1
Driveway on Henley Drive, SE1
Driveway on Bermondsey Street, SE1
Parking Space on Hopton Street, SE1
Information about parking in Thrale St
Looking for parking in Thrale St? You've come to the right place! Funnily enough, parking is what we do best - and we've got a sumptuous selection of 250 locations in Thrale St for you to choose from.
Our parking in Thrale St is up to 70% cheaper than what you'd usually pay, plus you can book your guaranteed space in advance right here - forget about feeding the parking meter.
No more fumbling for coins and no more circling the block looking for a space. As for parking tickets? You can wave goodbye to them too - if you overstay with us, you just pay for the extra time.
We're taking the pain out of parking for 1 million drivers across the UK. But don't just take our word for it - check out our latest customer reviews for Thrale St parking below:
"Very easy to find l used this space twice the first time the instructions were clear. The second time the boo lard thing was down so wouldn't of been so clear to park had l not used the space before as a guide." — Parking Space on Henley Drive, SE1
"" — Car Park on Lower Thames Street, EC3R
None of our delicious JustPark spaces tickle your fancy? Don't worry - we've got your back. There are plenty of other parking options available in Thrale St - here's the best of the rest:
Off-Street Parking
Here's a selection of nearby off-street parking options:
|Tower Hill car and coach park
|City of London
|£3.00 / hour
|6am - 7pm,
Mon - Fri
|London Bridge
|London Borough of Southwark
|£8.00 / hour
|12am - 11pm,
Mon - Sun
|Baynard House car park
|City of London
|£3.00 / hour
|6am - 7pm,
Mon - Fri
Rent out a space
Got a spare driveway or garage in Thrale St? You can list your parking space for free with JustPark. It only takes a few minutes to get up and running, and you could be making money in no time. Find out more here.
Check out the JustPark app
You can now book any one of our 20,000+ JustPark locations on the move with our mobile app - available for both iPhone and Android. View parking options, pay for a space and get directions - all with just a few taps of your phone.
Nearby Transport
- Borough Station 0.26 miles away
- London Bridge Station 0.3 miles away
- Mansion House Station 0.49 miles away
- London Bridge Station 0.38 miles away
- Cannon Street (London) Station 0.47 miles away
- Blackfriars Station 0.6 miles away
Nearby Stadiums
- Horse Guards Parade 1.49 miles away
- The Brit Oval 1.77 miles away
- The Den 2.24 miles away
- Hyde Park 3.02 miles away
Nearby Attractions
- Bramah Museum of Tea & Coffee 0.03 miles away
- Most Precious Blood R.C. Church 0.06 miles away
- Southwark Playhouse 0.14 miles away
- Vinopolis 0.14 miles away
- Clink Prison Museum 0.16 miles away
Nearby Hospitals
- Anthony Davis 0.35 miles away
- Blaney 0.35 miles away
- London Bridge Hospital 0.35 miles away
- The Princess Grace 0.46 miles away
- Falmouth Road Surgery 0.59 miles away


text:
Submit News
Micron Airs New DDR4 DRAM For Tablets, Servers, Ultrabooks
Shane McGlaun
May 9, 2012 9:30 AM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
New DDR4 is faster and more power efficient
Micron has announced the development of its first fully functional DDR4 DRAM module. The company is currently sampling the modules and getting feedback from major customers to support the implementation of applications starting in 2013. Currently the majority of computers and other devices are using DDR3 DRAM.
The adoption of DDR4 memory will bring improvements to the high performance computing and consumer electronics markets. Micron expects enterprise and micro server markets to take full advantage of the new specification early. The modules are also appropriate for ultrathin client and tablet markets. The new DDR4 modules offer power savings and performance enhancements that are important for mobile devices, such as tablets.
"With the JEDEC definition for DDR4 very near finalization, we've put significant effort into ensuring that our first DDR4 product is as JEDEC-compatible as it can be at this final stage of its development," said Brian Shirley, vice president for Micron's DRAM Solutions Group. "We've provided samples to key partners in the market place with confidence that the die we give them now is the same die we will take into mass production."
Micron is among the pioneers in DDR4 memory. [Image Source: TweakTown]
Micron's DDR4 technology was codeveloped with Nanya and is based on Micron's 30 nm technology. The modules developed are 4 Gb x 8 units and will be used in RDIMM, LRDIMM, 3DS, SODIMM, and UDIMM applications. The product will also be offered for soldered down spaces in x8, x16, and x32 with initial speeds up to 2400 megatransfers per second. Micron plans volume production the kickoff in Q4 2012 and has been sampling the key partners since the beginning of 2012.
The U.S. DRAM maker's South Korean rival Samsung has also been samping DDR4 memory.
It's been a sad year for Micron after seeing its long-time CEO Steven Appleton
perish in a February plane crash
. Appleton was replaced by
Mark Durcan
"If you can find a PS3 anywhere in North America that's been on shelves for more than five minutes, I'll give you 1,200 bucks for it." -- SCEA President Jack Tretton
Related Articles
Micron Appoints Mark Durcan as CEO and Board Director
February 6, 2012, 9:49 AM
Micron's CEO Dies in Tragic Plane Crash
February 3, 2012, 5:11 PM
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- @JohnRalfe1 @kennytindall @MoneyObserver I've been hair brushed!Restoring confidence in pensions 21 minutes ago
- RT @stevewebb1: Chancellor reverses George Osborne's seven day wait for Universal Credit #budget2017Restoring confidence in pensions 22 minutes ago
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Tag Archives: Wealth
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SJP – we have been here before Martin Bamford has produced an excellent piece explaining why everyone he knows "loves to hate St James' Place" . It turns out that quite a few people Martin knows work for St James' … Continue reading
Posted in advice gap, club pension, pensions Tagged advice, IFA, Martin bamford, St James Place, Wealth 2 Comments
FAKE NEWS – eroding the credibility of pensions.
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Posted in pensions Tagged Financial wellness, Freedom, Income, momentum, pension, pension freedom, Placebo, Retirement, WASPI, Wealth 4 Comments
2017 – a year when workplace pensions will grow up!
Restoring confidence in pensions 2017 has dawned on a different pension landscape . There are more than twice as many employers participating in workplace pensions as at any time in British history, the stock market is at an all-time high … Continue reading
Posted in Fawlty Towers, pension playpen, pensions Tagged auto-enrolement, CDC, Drawdown, Grow, internet, pension playpen, pensions, People's Pension, Wealth, workplace Pensions Leave a comment
Can succession succeed? An everyday story of IFA folk.
Yesterday I published an article about my fears of putting my money into the hands of a wealth manager. They can be summed up as Financial – the "money" bit of value for money , was skewed against me … Continue reading
Posted in pensions Tagged advice, IFA, Succeed, Succession, Wealth 3 Comments
Why I'm scared of wealth managers
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Posted in pensions Tagged Equity, pension, Technology, Wealth, wealth management 11 Comments
SMEs pay for pension advice -but not to IFAs
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Posted in pensions Tagged auto enrolment, FCA, financial advisor, IFA, pensions, Retirement, TPR, Wealth, wealth management 6 Comments
The "troubled" generation
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Posted in pensions Tagged CDC, Drawdown, Employment, Financial services, IFA, Michelle Cracknell, pension, pension playpen, pensions, Pensions Wise, Retire, Retirement, TPAS, Wealth 3 Comments
SHARE OF WEALTH OWNED BY THE RECENTLY RETIRED HAS NOW OVERTAKEN THE UNDER 45s
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Posted in pensions Tagged dc, Happiness, land of the free, My way, New York, pension freedom, USA, Wealth Leave a comment
What we're learning from the Wealth and Assets Survey
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Posted in annuity, pension playpen, pensions Tagged Business, Financial services, Household wealth, ILC, National Employment Savings Trust, ONS, pensions, Wealth Leave a comment


text:
Hox64 jest emulatorem Commodore C64, którego autorzy szczycą się dokładnym odwzorowaniem, co do cyklu, pracy procesora. W odróżnieniu od swoich starszych braci – CCS64 czy też VICE, posiada skromne i proste menu, w którym znajdziemy wszystkie podstawowe parametry pracy – czysta prostota;). Jednak niektórzy uważają hox'a za najbardziej zbliżonego w swojej emulacji do prawdziwego C64 .
→ [C64] Hox64 184.108.40.206
20 September 2017 v22.214.171.124
- Fix for saving and loading user preferences that was broken in v188.8.131.52.
17 September 2017 v22.214.171.124
- CIA serial and CNT timing improvements thanks to test programs written by
- Mariusz.
- Added VIC-II colour palette user configuration dialog box.
- Added command line options (see hoxs64.txt) to support the VICE 64
- testbench.
- Changed the colour RAM reset pattern to use bytes $0C and $03 as per the
- same C64C whose RAM reset pattern is already used.
→ [C64] Hox64 188.8.131.52
21 February 2017 v22.214.171.124
- Fixed CPU opcodes SHS SHA SHY SHX ARR (decimal mode) to pass the VICE tests.
- Added SID noise write back behaviour.
- Corrected the SID master volume position to be after the SID filters. Was broken since v22.214.171.124.
- SID ring modulation fix.
- Corrected sector gaps when reading a D64.
- Adjusted 1541 drive motor spin down timing as required for Wonderland XIII by Censor Design.
- Fixed fault with save state / load state.
- Fixed fault with FDI save.
- Fixed Ultimax open address fetch.
→ [C64] Hox64 126.96.36.199
2 January 2017 v126.96.36.199
- Added Benjamin 'BeRo' Rosseaux's P64 1541 file format. Hoxs64 incorporates the P64 source code written by Benjamin "BeRo" Rosseaux author of Mirco64 http://micro64.de The P64 disk representation with its linked list management is now used as the internal real time representation of the disk.
- Fixed numerous bugs with the CIA Time Of Day clocks so as to pass the VICE test programs under testprogsCIAtod
- Improved CIA emulation to handle instructions that perform multiple accesses to address $DD0D so as to pass the VICE test testprogsCIAdd0dtestdd0dtest.prg
→ [C64] Hox64 18.104.22.168
9 May 2016 v220.127.116.11
- Fix VIC where a write to the raster compare register was causing a raster IRQ to occur one clock too soon.
- This fixes "Vandalism News #64" http://csdb.dk/release/?id=138976 reported by iAN CooG/HokutoForce.
10 May 2015 v126.96.36.199
- Disk drive VIA fixes to pass the VICE testprogsdriveviavarious test programs.
- Sound improvement fix for last part of Comaland 2014.
- Windows GUI fixes.
8 May 2014 v188.8.131.52
- Resizable main window for windowed mode.
- Fix Ultimax VIC fetch.
→ [C64] Hox64 184.108.40.206
→ [C64] Hox64 188.8.131.52
22 September 2013 v188.8.131.52
- 1) Added emulation state file save, load and restore facility.
- 2) Added Epyx Fastload cartridge.
- 3) Added screen border hide options.
- 4) Fixed Retro Reply cartridge banking fault.
- 5) Reworked the CPU code to accommodate XAA/ANE for a MOS8500 as reported by [ur=http://visual6502.org/wiki/index.php?title=6502_Opcode_8B_(XAA,_ANE)]Visual6502.org[/url]
→ [C64] Hox64 126.96.36.199
→ [C64] Hox64 22.214.171.124
4 January 2013 v18.104.22.168
- Bug fix to VIC. Removed faulty VIC ClockNextWakeUpClock runtime (not debugger) mode optimiser code
- that had caused the Technological Snow demo by Agony Design to fail since v220.127.116.11.
3 January 2013 v18.104.22.168
- EasyFlash v2 title screen glitch now fixed by correcting the "hard reset" code to set the sprite
- Y expansion flip-flops.
→ [C64] Hox64 184.108.40.206
1 January 2013 v22.214.171.124
- Added the EasyFlash 1MB cartridge. A simplified emulation of the AMD Am29F040 EPROM permits writing and passes EasyProg v1.6.3 tests.
- Fixed freeze and soft reset to spread randomly through the frame to improve the chance of a successful freeze.