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Solomon Amakelew1, Mitku Eshetu2, Getachew Animut2 and Kefyalew Gebeyew1*
1Jijiga University, Collage of Dry Land Agriculture, PO Box 1020, Jijiga, Ethiopia
2Haramaya University, School of Animal and Range Science, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Received Date: April 08, 2015 Accepted Date: May 12, 2015 Published Date: May 18, 2015
Citation: Amakelew S, Eshetu M, Animut G, Gebeyew K (2015) Microbial Quality of Cow Milk in Dawa Chefa District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. J Adv Dairy Res 3:135. doi:10.4172/2329-888X.1000135
Copyright: © 2015 Amakelew S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Visit for more related articles at Advances in Dairy Research
Background: The microbial load of milk is a major factor in determining its quality, which is indicates the cleanliness of the milking utensils, condition of storage, manner of transport as well as the cleanliness of the udder of the individual animal. The aim of this study was to determine microbial quality of cow's milk.
Methodology: The study was conducted in Dawa Chefa District, Oromia Zone of the Amhara National regional state. A total of 50 samples of raw cow's milk were collected at morning from hotels (27 samples), cooperative (3 samples) and household producers (20 samples). The farmers (producers) that involve in the study were selected based on potential of milk production, market orientation and willingness of households. Samples of raw morning milk were taken from each sampling point twice in a month. During collection, approximately 250 ml raw milk sample were taken aseptically from the owner's container then placed into sterile glass bottles.
Result: The average total plate counts of milk sampled from farmers, dairy cooperatives and hotels were 6.88 log10, 7.10 log10 and 7.54 log10, respectively. The average coliform counts were 5.57 log10 at farm level, 5.63 log10 for dairy cooperative and 5.37 log10 for hotels. The average yeast and mould counts at farmer, dairy cooperative and hotel were 0.46 log10, 0.62 log10, and 0.74 log10 cfu/ml, respectively. The indirect tests and the actual bacterial count indicated that the microbial quality of milk produced by farmer and collected by dairy cooperatives in the study area was poor and this calls for scrupulous hygienic measure during production and handling of milk.
Conclusion: The result showed that the microbial quality of raw milk obtained from local dairy farmer was very low. This was due to the unhygienic condition of milking; unclean milk handling equipment and the use of contaminated water. Therefore, Proper hygienic practice will become a useful parameter and model for other dairy farmers within the district to improve and upgrade their dairy production.
Coliform; Microbial; Milk; Quality; Yeast
Ethiopia is believed to have the largest livestock population in Africa estimated about 53.4 million heads of cattle [1] of which 10.5 million is dairy cows. Dairy production, among the sector of livestock production, is a critical issue in Ethiopia where livestock and its products are important sources of food and income, and dairying has not been fully exploited and promoted in the country [2]. Despite its huge dairy cattle population of Ethiopia, the per capita milk consumption in Ethiopia 19 litters is very low as compared to the global average of 100 litters and even far below the average of Africa, 27 kg/year. The dairy industry in the country is constrained by several technical and economic factors (genetic limitation for production, inadequate and poor quality of feed resources, and prohibitive price of crossbred heifer's and prevalent animal diseases) [3].
The microbial load of milk is a major factor in determining its quality. It indicates the hygienic level exercised during milking, that is, cleanliness of the milking utensils, condition of storage, manner of transport as well as the cleanliness of the udder of the individual animal [4,5]. Higher bacterial contents exist in developing countries where production of milk and various dairy products takes place under rather unsanitary conditions and poor production [6]. This implies, high numbers of bacteria in raw milk usually indicate heavy contamination caused by handling, inadequate cooling or both.
Milk and milk products represent an important place in the nutrition of consumers as well as nutrition and income of producers, there is limited work so far undertaken regarding assessment of hygienic practices and microbiological quality of raw milk in northern Ethiopia in general and in Dawa Chefa District in particular. Moreover research activities conducted in this area have been very much limited, and no researches have been done to identify the microbiology of milk in Dewa Chefa of the Amhara Regional State. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the microbial quality of cow milk in the Dawa Cheefa District.
Description of study area
The study was conducted in Dawa Cheefa District, Oromia Zone of the Amhara Regional State. The area is located at 10°43′N, latitude and 39°52′E longitude. The altitude of the area ranges from 1500 to 2300 meter above sea level. The study area falls within the dry Kolla agro-climatic zone, which can be classified as semi-arid climate according to climatic classification developed in the Agro-ecological Zones of Ethiopia. The rainfall distribution of the study area has highly seasonal and temporal variations. There are two main rainy seasons in a year i.e. short rainy season (February to March) and main rainy season (July to September). The predominant production system in this area is mixed crop livestock farming. Cattles are the most important livestock species in the area (Figure 1).
Study plan
The laboratory experiments was conducted to assess microbial quality of milk by using microbial tests of standard plate count, coliform count and yeast and mould count (YMC).
Milk sample collection
A total of 50 samples of raw cow's milk were collected at morning from hotels (27 samples), cooperative (3 samples) and household producers (20 samples). The farmers (producers) that involve in the study were selected based on potential of milk production, market orientation and willingness of households. Samples of raw morning milk were taken from each sampling point twice in a month. During collection, approximately 250 ml raw milk sample were taken aseptically from the owner's container then placed into sterile glass bottles. Consequently, samples were labeled and put in icebox (4°C) to restrict microbial multiplication and transported as early as possible to the ANRS Livestock Resources Development Promotion Agency Kombolcha Animal Disease Survey Investigation Diagnostic laboratory, which is 51 km far from the study area to analyze microbial quality.
Standard plate count
For total plate count, appropriate decimal dilutions was selected that would give the expected total number of colonies on a plate, i.e., between 30 and 300 colonies [7]. The standard plate count (SPC) agar was cooled to 45°C after autoclaved and before pouring to petri-dish. One ml of milk sample was added into sterile test tube containing nine ml peptone water up to serial dilution of 10-7 and mixed thoroughly. Then one ml of the sample from appropriate decimal dilution was placed on a petri-dish and then molten agar medium (10-15 ml) was poured onto the petri-dish and then it was incubated for 48 hours at 32°C. Finally, colony count was made using colony counter. The estimated number of colonies was calculated by:
Where, N=Number of colonies per ml of milk sample; ∑C=Sum of all colonies on plates counted; n1=Number of plates used in lowest dilution counted; n2=Number of plates used in highest dilution counted; d=dilution factor of the lowest dilution used.
Coliform count
A serial decimal dilution was prepared using 0.1% peptone water. Duplicate appropriate decimal dilutions was surface plated and incubated at 32°C for 24 hours on Violet Red Bile Agar and typical dark red colonies on uncrowned plates were considered as coliforms and counted. This was followed by a confirmatory test by transferring and incubating four to five typical colonies from each plate transferred into tubes containing 2% Brilliant Green Lactose Bile. Gas production within 48 hours of incubation at 35°C was considered as sufficient evidence for the presence of coliforms [7].
Yeast and mould count
Samples of milk were serially diluted in peptone water and volumes of 0.1 milliliter of appropriate dilutions were plated in duplicate. Petri-dishes by the pour plate techniques using chloromophenicol agar was used. The agar consisting of 5 g yeast extract, 20 g glucose, 0.1 g chloramphenicol, 0.01 g bromophenicol blue, and 15 g agar per liter of distilled water at a pH of 6.0 to 6.2. The dried plates were then incubated at 25°C for 3 to 5 days. Colonies with a blue green color was counted as yeasts and moulds [8].
Data management and statistical analysis
The microbial count data were first transformed to logarithmic values (log10) before statistical analysis. Then, data on the quality and the transformed microbial count values were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of Statistical Analysis System [9]. Mean separation was carried out using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) technique when analysis of variance shows significant differences between means. The following model was used for the milk microbial count data:
Yij = μ + βj + eij
Where, Yij=individual observation for each test; μ=the overall mean; βj=the ith milk source effect (producer, hotels and cooperatives); eij=the error term
Microbial quality of cow's milk
Standard plate count: The current study result shows that, there was no significant difference (P?0.05) in bacterial load among the three milk sources (Table 1). The bacteriological quality for most raw milk sample collected from hotels was poor with a total plate count of 7.54 log10 cfu/ml).The overall mean of total plate count of 7.25 log10 cfu/ml in this study was higher than those found in the study of Zelalem [10] (6.46 log10 cfu/ml) who mentioned that, improper hygienic practices during milking process, poor storage temperature, health and hygiene of cows and procedures used in cleaning and sanitizing the milking and storage equipment to affect the microbiological quality of raw milk. In addition to this ineffective sanitizing routine, the cow's environment that leaves manure in contact with cows' udder also contributed to the high bacterial load in raw milk. Another finding conducted by Asaminew [11] reported 7.58 log10 cfu/ml higher total plate counts as compared to the current study. The average total plate count found in the present study was higher than the acceptable value by American Public Health Association (1992) which is 2 ×105-4×105 cfu/ml. The current result was also beyond the range of total bacterial count of developing countries, which is 5.301 to 5.875 log10 cfu/ml [12].
|7.54 ± 0.26
|5.37 ± 0.19
|0.74 ± 0.03a
|6.88 ± 0.31
|5.57 ± 0.22
|0.46 ± 0.035b
|7.10 ± 0.79
|5.63 ± 0.56
|0.62 ± 0.09ab
|Over all mean
Table 1: Average microbial count (log10 cfu/ml) obtained from individual farmer, dairy cooperative and hotels (values are mean ± SE).
a,bMeans in a column with different superscripts differ (P<0.05); TPC: Total Plate Count; CC: Coliform Count; YMC: Yeast and Mould Count.
Coliform count
Analysis of variance suggested that lack of difference (P?0.05) in coliform counts of the three milk sources (Table 1). The coliform count result of this study were higher compared to the coliform count of 4.18 log10 cfu/ml noted by Abebe et al. [13] in Ezha district of Gurage zone, the 4.49 log10 cfu/ml by Asaminew [14] in West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region and the 4.84 log10 cfu /ml noted by Derese [15] for Bahir Dar milk shed. The overall value of coliform count observed in this study was much higher than the recommended value given by American Public Health Service and was greater than 100 cfu/ml for grade A milk, and 101-200 cfu/ml for grade B milk [16]. Generally all milk samples in this study had higher than the recommended level (102 cfu/ml). This might be attributed to the hygienic condition such as dirty equipment, contact with manure of the cow during milking and personal hygiene of the milkers. Generally the presence of high number of coliform in milk indicates that the milk has been contaminated with faecal material and it is an index of hygienic standard used in the production of milk.
Yeast and mould count
Mean value of yeast and mould count were significantly different (P<0.05) among the different sample sources within the same district, and was greater in milk samples obtained from hotels as compared to milk sampled from the producers . The mean value yeast and mould found in the current study at farmer (0.46 log10), hotel (0.74 log10 cfu/ml) and cooperatives (0.62 log10) was below the recommended level of yeast and mould given by the Malaysia food quality standard of yeast and mould in raw milk sample, which should be lower than 2.1 log cfu/ml [17].
The result showed that the microbial quality of raw milk obtained from local dairy farmer was very low. And this was due to the unhygienic condition of milking; unclean milk handling equipment and the use of contaminated water were among the important source of milk contamination. High bacterial load, the presence of pathogenic bacteria in several samples not only affects the raw milk quality but definitely pose a safety issue to consumer. The introduction of proper training and hygiene practice during milking to the dairy farmer was found to be efficient in reducing the bacterial load or contamination of raw milk.
Competing interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
SA conceived the study, designed and conducted all laboratory experiments; analyzed and interpreted experimental results. ME, GA and KG participated in the proposal, study design and manuscript preparations. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
I am deeply grateful and indebted to Amhara National Regional State of livestock Resources Development Promotion Agency, Kombolcha Animal Disease Survey Investigation Diagnostic Laboratory that support me by creating fertile ground to laboratory work.


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• "Erotic Neurotic" set to a picture of the housing album cover. Thanks to Canal de PanopliaOfegante.
"Fantastic Punk from Australia"
From their album "(I'm) Stranded" (EMI EMC-2570) released in 1977.
My album review:
Long before DIY culture had become a buzz-phrase in the Punk scene, this quartet from Brisbane had been getting on with it, promoting their own gigs, running their own clubs, and pressing their own great debut single, "I'm Stranded", which was available hand to hand in September '76. Things in Queensland were every bit as Conservative as they were in Britain; theirs was far from an easy ride. They were sussed enough to reach out to the "right people" in England with that single as calling card, and this worked wonders; EMI snapped 'em up for an album deal. Laughably, the label tried to dress them up in "all the latest gear", seeking to maximise the £ in what was perceived to be a fashion-sensitive scene. To their eternal credit, these boys said bollocks to that. Guitarist and co-writer Ed Kuepper would brilliantly later remark: "The band was a full thing by 1974. Two and a half years later, this incredibly fashionable movement comes along, only an arsehole would have associated himself with that." At the time of this release in February '77, the bullshit-free scruffs next door were: Chris Bailey (~19, vocals); Ed Kuepper (21, guitar); Kym Bradshaw (bass guitar) and Ivor Hay (drums). Both sides of their '76 single ("I'm Stranded" b/w "No Time") were re-used, together with 8 new tracks recorded over the course of just two days in December '76. The album channels Stooges' "Raw Power" in terms of its wild, live and raucous sound. The no-messin', live-in-the-studio ethic works for and against their cause I feel; the enthusiasm and energy carries them so far, but it's all about the songs and sonics and, for me, the trashy lo-fi production does them an injustice and, to boot, they seem to run out of ideas in the second half. The first half highlights include the first two singles, the aforementioned title-track and the fantastic "Erotic Neurotic" which lives up to its great title. A big curveball is delivered with "Messin' With The Kid", a slow-tempo stoned-rocker which comes on all Neil Young. This will probably get them bottled when they play the Roxy. I kinda like this dangerous path. It's clear the Saints are out to do their own thing and to hell with your scenes. The two covers delve into the 1960s; on side 1 "Wild About You" (The Missing Links, 1965) is the best of these, whilst on side 2, "Kissin' Cousins" (Elvis Presley, 1964) is less effective. For all their strange quirks, the overall feeling is that this lot are sweeping cobwebs away; the playing is fast, furious and skilful and Chris Bailey probably has the coolest vocal drawl since Lou Reed arrived ten years earlier. In '77, the times they-were-a-changin' and, quite clearly, the shifting plates were multi-continental.
You can read the rest of my favoured album reviews from '77 here.

subset: commoncrawl


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WHAT A WEEK!! I have been sick since last Sunday and it is kicking my rear end. But I've been spreading Christmas cheer by giving everyone elbow bumps!! hahaha
I got a new companion. Sister Tokia and she is from KIRABATI!!!! So another islander companion who is learning English and she is so much fun hahaha
Attached is part of the closing song sung in our Bitteroot Christmas Program. It was INCREDIBLE!! I love this time of year because hearts are opened to learning about Christ. I love being able to teach and testify, serve and lift, and CELEBRATE Him who is the King of Kings, my Savior and Redeemer. He invites us to come unto Him. It is our choice to be freed from bondage by His grace and mercy. I hope to continually be guided to Him throughout my life.
Merry Christmas!! It is my hope that you can feel of the true spirit of Christ this season!


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Wednesday March 10th
My second day of my school visit I met with various faculty and talked to other students in the department. Probably the best part of that particular day was attending the lab meeting; I got to see how Felisa and Jim interact with each other and the other students.
Just a quick explanation: Felisa Smith is a paleoecologist and my future adviser. Jim Brown is the famous biologist who is largely responsible for the metabolic theory of ecology (basically tying most ecological phenomena in some way to body size and metabolism). The who of them hold their lab group meetings together, so I'll get to interact with some pretty smart people.
During the lab meeting one of Jim's students gave a presentation on allometry in cell size and volume as it scales with metabolism. I know for most people that won't mean much, but it was interesting to me :-P
I've come to the conclusion that I am joining a bright group of scientists who, interestingly, are in another scientific camp about the causes of the end Pleistocene extinction. They are of the camp that humans caused the extinction. I'm of the camp that climate changed and destroyed habitats and thus lead to extinction. This is going to be fun, and it's nice to be challenged. I'm actually more of the opinion that it doesn't matter what caused the extinction; we do know that all sorts of weird things were going on ecologically at the time, and that on some level humans and climate were involved.
(For those of you who are lost, I'm a paleontologist. I'll provide further elaboration on what that means either in another post, or in a revamping of my "about me" stuff.)
Up until this point I had been staying with another student, "Fred". Fred is actually a girl, and her name is actually Shawn. Which doesn't clear anything up. Fred was a very good host, I knew things would be good when I showed up Tuesday night and she and her friend were watching Dr. Horrible's Sing Along Blog. I also had been enjoying the company of her two funny cats. I don't have the pictures off of my camera yet, but an update with pictures will come in the future. All I can say now is that one has a very unfortunate haircut! Think puffy cat in a leotard, and you've pretty much got the mental image.
Fred and her friend had to leave early the next morning, so Matt picked me up and we stayed at a Motel 6 by the highway. In grad school, you have to make these kinds of tough financial choices.
Thursday March 11th
The last day of my school visit. I had lunch with Felisa and Matt at a place that has the best Greek food I've had in a LONG time. Spinning meat on a spit, with cucumber sauce, and tomato, on a pita. Perfection. I have no idea what the name of the place is, but it's about a 5 minute walk from work, so I'll be going there pretty much as often as possible. They have a dolmas salad, which I think I'll try next time (that's stuffed grapes leaves for those of you who are missing out).
After lunch, Matt and I drove off into the sunset to go birding, with the hopes of seeing a road runner. I saw one, it practically ran out in front of our moving vehicle. Then we landed at the Mauger Estate Bed and Breakfast Inn in downtown for a non-Motel 6 experience. That place is mentioned in a previous post, and I highly recommend it!
45 minutes ago


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Kelsey was so excited to start school!
She loves it, too!
She has a special friend already. She talks about "Olibia" everyday.
I'm looking forward to my first parent/teacher conference so that I know how she is doing academically.
Isn't she a cutie?
Kelsey's first day of school
Saturday, October 14, 2006
Kelsey's First Day of School
Posted by Kendra Lynn at 2:37 PM
9 comments:
- Judy said...
Oh how precious! She looks so excited about school!
- Saturday, October 14, 2006 6:43:00 PM
Aww How beautiful! She is getting so big and grown up. Good Luck in school Kelsey!
Love Ya,
- Saturday, October 14, 2006 8:29:00 PM
- meranda said...
Ohhhhh Kendra the girls are just so pretty!!!!!!
- Saturday, October 14, 2006 9:57:00 PM
- meranda said...
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- Saturday, October 14, 2006 9:59:00 PM
- OldOldLady Of The Hills said...
Adorable! Just as cute as she can be!
- Sunday, October 15, 2006 12:01:00 AM
- Bossy♥'s YOU said...
she is so cute Kendra..
Olibia?..haha too funny
- Sunday, October 15, 2006 7:55:00 PM
- Granny said...
I know she'll do well and she's adorable.
- Monday, October 16, 2006 7:23:00 AM
- LZ Blogger said...
YES SHE IS! ~ jb///
- Monday, October 16, 2006 9:33:00 AM
- Meow said...
Awwww, what a cutie. Hope she continues to love school, and that here and Olibia remain friends for a lifetime.
Take care, Meow
- Saturday, October 21, 2006 3:46:00 AM
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Samsung reportedly plans wristwatch-like digital device
Apparently, Samsung Electronics Co. believes it's time to add a wristwatch-like digital device to its array of telecommunications products.
Citing a source familiar with the device, Reuters reported that Samsung will join Apple Inc. (Nasdaq: AAPL) in developing a device that could be worn on the wrist and perform many of the same functions as a smartphone.
Samsung, whose U.S. arm, Samsung Telecommunications America, is based in Richardson, announced its new Galaxy S4 smartphone last week.


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Articaine anesthetic raw powder anesthetic raw powder is an intermediate-potency, short-acting amide local anesthetic with a fast metabolism due to an ester group in its structure. It is effective with local infiltration or peripheral nerve block in dentistry, when administered as a spinal, epidural, ocular, or regional nerve block, or when injected intravenously for regional anesthesia. In comparative trials, its clinical effects were not generally significantly different from those of other short-acting local anesthetics like lidocaine, prilocaine, and chloroprocaine, and there is no conclusive evidence demonstrating above-average neurotoxicity. Articaine proved to be suitable and safe for procedures requiring a short duration of action in which a fast onset of anesthesia is desired, eg, dental procedures and ambulatory spinal anesthesia, in normal and in special populations.
Patients with hepatic or renal impairment
Metabolism and elimination of exogenous substances in general depend significantly on normal function of the liver and kidney(s). Metabolism of local anesthetics produces metabolites that are more water soluble and ready to excrete than the parent compounds. Articaine is metabolized in the serum by plasma cholinesterase; although synthesis of cholinesterase is decreased in patients with liver diseases, fast hydrolysis is presumably preserved in their erythrocytes. Seventy-five percent of articainic acid is excreted unchanged; the rest is glucuronidated by the kidneys before excretion. In patients with severe renal failure, both metabolites can accumulate, which in theory can cause local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine have been studied in renal-failure patients receiving hemodialysis. Case reports describing other local anesthetics associate LAST with underlying cardiac, neurologic, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, or metabolic disease. The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine advises that heightened vigilance may be warranted in these patients, particularly if they are at the extremes of age.
Pharmacodynamics of local anesthetics in children are comparable to those in adults; pharmacokinetics, on the other hand, differ significantly. Special caution should be observed when using the amide local anesthetics because a lower intrinsic clearance or a decreased serum protein binding can easily lead to an increased risk of toxic reactions in younger patients. The route of administration is one of the main determinants of safety in the use of local anesthetics in neonates and children; the application of articaine in children is mainly for those undergoing dental procedures for which local anesthesia is required or as an addition to general anesthesia. The absorption of local anesthetics from mucous membrane after topical anesthesia is increased in children due to a greater local blood flow and cardiac output than in adults. In a study investigating 27 children 3–12 years of age, the authors advised the use of 2% articaine in pediatric dentistry because of the lower Cmax and the shorter half-life. They showed a shorter time to maximum concentration and increased clearance compared to investigations in adults. Based on their findings, they concluded there is no need to lower the articaine dose administered to adults in mg/kg for children. Vasoactive agents like epinephrine are very effective in reducing systemic uptake of local anesthetics, resulting in a longer duration and a lower Cmax. Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was also shown to be effective and safe for use in pediatric dentistry. Among patients 4–13 years of age, the only adverse event directly related to articaine was accidental lip injury; no pharmacokinetic investigation was performed.
Prolonged numbness appears to be the most frequent adverse event after articaine for dental intervention, occurring primarily in children younger than 7 years old. Notwithstanding manufacturers' recommendations that articaine not be used in children under 7 years of age, 21% of 373 American dentists satisfactorily use articaine in younger children-2–3 years of age. The available literature on articaine use in children shows that it is safe and effective for clinical procedures in children of all ages.
With advancing age, peripheral nerve conduction changes: there is a decrease in the number and density of nerve fibers, a degeneration of axons as a result of a reduction in the expression and axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins, and an increase in motor unit action potentials. Peripheral motor and sensory conduction velocities slow progressively, and the onset latencies of F-waves and somatosensory evoked potentials increase gradually with advancing age. These and other age-related physiologic changes concerning the peripheral nervous system most probably have a direct effect on the clinical duration of peripheral nerve blocks and might be the cause of direct local anesthetic neurotoxicity. All local anesthetics are neurotoxic in a concentration-dependent manner due to neuroapoptosis, but articaine had the lowest apoptotic potency in a study investigating amide-type local anesthetics and ester-type local anesthetics in a human neuronal cell culture model.
Furthermore, aging is associated with loss of reserve capacity, and renal, hepatic, and cardiac diseases cause reduced clearance of local anesthetics, which requires reduction of the dose for repeated or continuous administration. The magnitude of the reduction of all local anesthetics should be related to the expected influence of the pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic change. In healthy elderly and young volunteers, it has been shown that the metabolism of articaine is age independent.
Pain management in the parturient requires knowledge of maternal and fetal physiology; the challenge is to provide fast analgesia and minimize physiologic perturbations. Epidural anesthesia with a variety of local anesthetics is by far the most used technique for this purpose. Articaine is rarely used for this indication. Two Russian investigators claimed that epidural anesthesia using a single dose of 1% articaine (Ultracaine) of 1.0–1.2 mg/kg in over 1000 healthy and high-risk parturients proved to be highly effective and safe for the mother and exerted no depressive effect on the newborn. Two German groups compared articaine (carticaine 1.5%) with bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia in cesarean sections (n = 25 and n = 15). Onset, quality of the analgesia, hemodynamic stability, and newborn Apgar scores were good. Pharmacokinetic investigation showed an articaine plasma concentration of 0.48 μg/mL at delivery, proving its rapid metabolism. The ratio of the unmetabolized drug to that of the metabolite found in maternal serum at that moment was 0.75. The umbilical venous-maternal arterial serum concentration ratio was 0.32. The latter is equal to early investigation after placental transfer of carticaine where the mean neonatal carticaine plasma concentration of nine newborns was found to be 32% (±7%) of the maternal after epidural anesthesia. Referenced in the literature for other local anesthetics are lidocaine (0.52–0.58), mepivacaine (0.64), and bupivacaine (0.23–0.26).
A special aspect that should be taken in account when articaine is used during pregnancy is its metabolism by plasma cholinesterases and the reduced hydrolysis rates in newborns and infants up to 6 months. Plasma cholinesterase activity or better butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity of healthy, normal infants has been found to be reduced by 50% compared to normal adults. This reduction seemed not of clinical importance.18 It can be of clinical importance if the newborn (and/or the mother) possesses one or more of the 58 possible known mutations in the butyrylcholinesterase gene (BCHE). BChE serves as the primary articaine hydrolase producing articainic acid; reduction or inactivity of BChE may contribute to increased toxicity after articaine use. However, articaine has an important second metabolism that prevents increasing plasma concentrations similar to cocaine toxicity in people with mutations in the BCHE gene that reduce BChE activity.
Articaine blocks nerve conduction by reversibly binding to the α-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channels within the inner cavity of the nerve, similar to other local anesthetics. Binding of articaine to the sodium channel reduces sodium influx so that the threshold potential will not be reached and impulse conduction stops. The blocking action of articaine on the sodium channel is state dependent: it has the highest affinity for the open state, an intermediate affinity for the inactivated state, and the lowest affinity for the resting state.
The degree of neuronal block is affected by the diameter of the nerve. Larger-diameter fibers (touch/pressure/ motor) require higher concentrations of local anesthetic compared with small myelinated fibers (pain afferents). Articaine is lipid soluble, highly protein-bound (94%), and has a dissociation constant (pKa) of 7.8. Articaine is an intermediate-potency, short-acting local anesthetic with a fast onset of action.
Relative potency
Ascribing local anesthetic potency is an attempt to define the sensitivity of nerves to different local anesthetics and to estimate anesthetic requirements during regional anesthesia. The potency of local anesthetics increases parallel with increasing lipid solubility. The binding ability of local anesthetics to the phospholipid membrane as a result of physicochemical features and in vivo interaction has also been found to be directly in parallel with the potency. In clinical practice, other factors affect the potency of a local anesthetic, including:
hydrogen ion balance
fiber size, type, and myelination
vasodilator/vasoconstrictor properties (affects rate of vascular uptake)
frequency of nerve stimulation
ambient pH (lower pH results in greater ionisation and a reduction in efficacy)
electrolyte concentrations (hypokalemia and hypercalcemia antagonizes blockade)
For assessing the potency of different local anesthetics, dose-finding, single-dose nerve blocks are studied to determine the median effective dose or the minimum local analgesic dose. The relative analgesic potency for articaine, based on early investigations and specified of its equieffective anesthetic concentration, often compared to lidocaine, is intermediate.


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5* Sommelier Wine Odyssey & Dining
5* Sommelier Wine Odyssey & Dining
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Group Size: 20-150 guests (please enquire for alternative group sizes)
Duration: Approx 3.5 hours.
Locations: Residential, Studios or ½ Ballroom, The Four Seasons Hotel
Event Details
Treat your team and valued clients to a Premium Odyssey Wine and Dine Sommelier Experience exclusive to OzParty Events.
Arrive at your private function room in Sydney's Five Star Four Seasons Hotel. Receive a warm and convivial welcome as you prepare to be guided through some of Odyssey's finest wines around, paired with a delicious formal three course dinner, designed to enhance the flavours.
You'll be in expert hands as you receive insight from your knowledgeable wine guide, whilst enjoying signature Four Seasons Five Star Service.
An indulgent and insightful wine tasting and dining experience for you and your team or valued clients!
The Need To Knows
Group Size: 20-150 guests (please enquire for alternative group sizes)
Duration: Approx 3.5 hours. (Start times every 15-mins between 12:00pm-7:00pm)
Locations: Residential, Studios or ½ Ballroom The Four Seasons Hotel
- 3.5 hour exclusive function room hire in the 5* Four Seasons hotel
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[H-GAME] Do You Like Hypnosis? -Entice the Idol's Urges-
Release : Jul/15/2011
He was an ugly boy, but with the Guide To Perfect Hypnotism in hand
he turned every girl into part of his sex harem! From the cutie to
the straight-laced president, even his milf teacher!
Everyone is his to command!
Copulate, exploit and ejaculate using the four levels of mesmerism.
Level 1 forces consent even if resisting. Level 2 controls her emotions too.
Level 3 makes it so the girl has total memory loss, a blank slate to be
written on in sperm. Level 4 is master It makes her a nymphomaniac.
File size: 559.1 MB
Download File : [H-GAME] Do You Like Hypnosis? -Entice the Idol's Urges-


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As we mentioned before, we were in the MTC together and enjoyed the spirit there together.
They are currently serving the people and saving souls in the Urdaneta, Philippines Mission. This is around 1500 miles from Guam, where we are serving.
I mentioned to them a Martin Door story of how a Martin Garage Door saved a persons life in the Philippines. They asked me to try and find it and send it to them. I found the clip, so here it is.
I took this picture of David Martin, my father, and our dealer while on a business trip to the Philippines back in 2003. The story was written by business associate and friend, Antone Clark.
Elder Dennis Roberts is the owner of Robert and Sons Garage Doors in Central Utah.


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- Worldwide Rank #204,499,496
- Follower/Following Ratio 0.2
- Daily New Followers 0
yenny padilla Twitter Stats
@05_real - Tracking yenny padilla Twitter profile since July 30, 2012
yenny padilla's story
yenny padilla, also known as @05_real has a novice's presence on Twitter and is ranked by us in the 20% percentile for account strength. Active on Twitter since July 2012, yenny padilla made it to having a respectable 8 Twitter followers and to being ranked 204,499,496 for number of followers among all Twitter users.
The plot thickens when considering yenny padilla's follower-to-following ratio, which is 0.2. Which is not surprising given this account's audience size.
Over the past month, @05_real's was hardly active on Twitter, with an average of 0 tweet(s) per day in the past 30 days. That's pretty consistent with a total of 4 since @05_real joined Twitter.
This account is tracked by us for quite some time now, actually since July 2012. As of May 23 2018 we track 289266479 Twitter accounts, so feel free to search for other accounts you're interested in and reveal their Twitter story!
yenny padilla Tweets
@05_real has posted 0 tweets in the last 24 days, which translates to an average of 0 tweets per day.
yenny padilla Twitter Followers
@05_real has 8 followers on Twitter.
This account is #204,499,496 in the worldwide rank of the most popular Twitter users.
yenny padilla Following on Twitter
@05_real is following 41 Twitter accounts.
Last month this account followed 17 users.
yenny padilla Predictions & Milestones
@05_real will hit 8 followers in the next 3 months, and 8 in one year.
You are on yenny padilla's Twitter stats page
We track these Twitter stats since July 30, 2012 . You can see how many followers yenny padilla lost or gained and what the prediction is for tomorrow or the next 15 days, together with all kinds of other stats like rank compared to all Twitter users, tweets etc.
Why don't you give it a try and compare yenny padilla to yourself ? Or if you are yenny padilla get even more feature rich & up-to-date stats with our premium Twitter Stats.
Twitter Counter is the #1 Twitter stats site powered by Twitter. It all started in June 12, 2008 and we grew rather rapidly because of our Twitter Counter badge. The button is a nice small image that shows your visitors how many followers you have on Twitter. Within a year the button was on many many blogs around the world and we displayed more than 100 million buttons in one month. We track follower stats for over 289.266.479 users now.


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Paranoia over UK property prices is now so great that the merest blip is seized upon as evidence that the housing market is finally heading for the long-anticipated crash.
This paranoia extends to Scotland where figures from website Myhouseprice.com suggesting a 3% drop in prices to an average £110,388 between February and April have caused a stir.
Dan Cookson, a partner at Myhouseprice.com, which crunches data from the Registrars of Scotland, struck the match by claiming that "if we have another month where the figures drop, it will be a critical indicator".
The Scotsman then fanned the flames by scaring its readers with the views of a triumvirate of property crash Cassandras – fund manager Tony Dye, Roger Bootle of Capital Economics and the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
So is Scotland really one month away from disaster? Speak to people on the ground – namely mortgage brokers and estate agents – and you will find a rather more relaxed view prevails.
The Scottish property market has certainly enjoyed a rip-roaring time over the past year with average annual growth touching 22%. Edinburgh remains the priciest city with the average property costing £139,859, while a two-bedroom flat in the desirable suburbs of Marchmont and Bruntsfield will set you back £204,976.
Behind the headline 15.8% growth in the 12 months to April the rate of increase in Edinburgh has fallen for the third quarter in succession according to the Edinburgh Solicitors Property Centre. But chief executive Ron Smith says that despite the slowdown there is still "definitely heat in the market". Rising interest rates and the failure of salaries to keep pace with property prices will eventually force a slowdown but this isn't happening yet. "The strength of Edinburgh's market continues to ripple outward with substantial price increases recorded for West Lothian, Fife, Falkirk, Clackmannanshire and Stirling," adds Smith.
"Looking ahead, there's every reason to be confident of further increases. This is a buoyant market."
And Paul Santos, marketing manager at Scottish packager Capital Mortgage Connections, says the market remains "crazy, absolutely crazy", particularly in the major cities and he still can't see any sign of an impending crash. "Four years ago, you could have got a one-bedroom flat in Edinburgh for £50,000. Now you might pay £110,000. Nobody could have imagined this."
He says three factors should sustain the Edinburgh property market. "It is the capital city, a popular student town and there is a shortage of properties. Unless you are bidding, say, £135,000 for a £115,000 property you are wasting your time and the cost of your survey.
"The market can't rise like this forever. It has to slow at some point but this is not the time to panic. Interest rates will have to rise much further than they have done."
But the real hotspot is central Scotland, between Edinburgh and Glasgow, where the average property rose 31% to £96,974. This suggests that Scotland is now following a similar pattern to England with the priciest areas topping out while cheaper areas play catch-up.
Alistair Lafferty, broker at Motherwell Mortgages, has witnessed this first hand. "The real buoyancy can be found in the M8 corridor between Edinburgh and Glasgow. Three-bedroom detached houses in Motherwell, Airdrie, Livingston and Bathgate are going for up to £180,000, while four-bedroom homes fetch £200,000."
He is arranging 80% more buy-to-let mortgages than just a few years ago as second-time buyers increasingly hang onto their flats rather than selling up. "Homeowners who would never have dreamed of becoming private landlords are doing so now because they think it's easy money. And maybe it is, provided the market keeps growing."
Lafferty says the rental market must saturate at some point but even if it does he doesn't expect a crash. Like many brokers he boasts that Scotland has never suffered negative equity.
"We are still a canny bunch up here. Brokers are reluctant to recommend buy-to-let unless the borrower has enough to cover voids indefinitely, and are cautioning buyers against investing at the top of the cycle."
Michael Luck, managing director of estate agents Slater Hogg Howison, says a cooling at the top end of the property market – namely £500,000-plus homes in the suburbs of Glasgow and Edinburgh – has been balanced by a strong buy-to-let and first-time buyer market.
First-timers face fewer affordability problems in Scotland than in England where 80% of towns are now beyond their pockets, but their troubles are worsening. More than half the towns in Scotland are now unaffordable according to Bank of Scotland, with Edinburgh, Helensburgh, Stirling, Cupar and Stonehaven the priciest of all. The typical first-time buyer north of the border is now 36 years old and is putting down a £11,000 deposit for a £70,000 flat or maisonette.
Luck says first-time buyers in Glasgow, where the average property costs £103,666, are keen to get on the ladder before they are priced off the lowest rung for good. "They can afford to buy in Paisley which has easy access to the city, and demand is moving further down the Clyde to Greenock which is commutable. You can still buy a two-bedroom semi in Lanarkshire from £100,000."
Grangemouth, Lochgelly, Bellshill, Irvine and Coatbridge are the five most affordable towns for first-time buyers but these are rapidly getting pricier. The ESPC quotes a three-bedroom detached villa in Grangemouth on the market for three weeks at offers over £82,000 eventually selling for £105,079, 28% more than its 'offers over' price.
Shane O'Riordan, general manager of group economics at HBOS, says opportunities for new buyers are shrinking. "Affordability is clearly becoming an issue for first-time buyers in Scotland – and one that shows no sign of abating in the near future."
The problem isn't confined to the cities. In the countryside, a 40% rise in the value of properties and the Right to Buy scheme is forcing families to live in caravans and even boats, according to a recent conference given by the Rural Housing Service. Young people and those on low incomes are now priced out of the market, and new housebuilding will take 20 years to address the problem at current rates.
This is likely to prove an enduring problem because few see Myhouseprice.com's recent figures as anything more than a blip. Bank of Scotland, for example, says housing market fundamentals remain strong, prices are steady, and the most that will happen is a cooling off later in the year.
A property slump is unlikely while the economy and employment both remain strong. Commercial property adviser GVA Grimley Scotland predicts a healthy 1% employment growth this year with growth outstripping England during 2005 and 2006.
Bank of England interest rate increases have so far done little to curb demand, says broker Bill Moncrieff, director of Clarkson Hill Mortgage Company in Edinburgh. The 0.25% hike in May did temporarily slow new mortgage and remortgage business but then it picked up stronger than before. "Rates would have to rise at least a further 0.5% to slow things down but I don't see any property meltdown whatsoever – in fact, I expect the market to continue growing," says Moncrieff.
The pensions crisis has further fuelled demand with people investing in bricks and mortar to plug the savings gap. Moncrieff has seen a 14% rise in buy-to-let business in the past 12 months. "More than ever, the Scotsman's home is his castle."
He counsels his first-time buyer clients against overstretch. "Young people are struggling to get a foothold but we are encouraging them to save for a deposit rather than stretch to a 100% mortgage and leave themselves exposed if rates rise further."
Crawford McCaughie, senior lending manager at Dunfermline, says high prices are sparking a flight from the city centre with owners cashing in their flats to buy detached homes in cheaper locations and new buyers forced out by lack of affordability.
"If you sell a two-bedroom flat in Edinburgh or Glasgow for between £150,000 and £200,000 you can buy a nice detached property in Dunfermline and Stirlingshire," he says. "People are now willing to commute up to 40 miles to the city, which may not seem much to someone living in the South-East of England but it's a lot for Scotland."
Buyers may be stretching themselves to get a start but lenders are taking few risks. The 'offers over' housebuying system (see box above) gives them a degree of protection they don't have south of the border.
"We lend against the valuation rather than the final selling price. This means if a property valued at £100,000 sells for £115,000 we still only lend a maximum of £95,000. So the property would have to fall to £20,000 before we could take a hit. In England, the difference between valuation and what the buyer pays is much narrower which means more risk for the lender," McCaughie says.
Bill MacDonald, proprietor of the Aberdeen Mortgage Bureau, says the offers over system means buyers with a £30,000-plus deposit may still have to take a 100% mortgage to secure their property. "So the market has to rise a reasonable amount for them to get back the money they put in," he says.
And if prices did slump, sellers might have to offload their properties at less than valuation price. This might sound like a recipe for negative equity but MacDonald doesn't anticipate problems. "Mortgages are still cheap despite recent interest rate rises, and demand remains healthy," he says. "I don't expect a soft landing for the Scottish housing market because I don't expect a landing at all. My clients aren't concerned and neither am I."
Aberdeen, of course, has its own micro-economy built around oil. While the world anxiously watches oil prices rise, locals are rubbing their hands because this gives an added financial incentive to drill for new deposits in areas where oil is costly to extract, hopefully sustaining the regional boom.
Demand for property is strong, adds MacDonald. "Developers are clearing the Grampian TV Centre in Aberdeen to build two-bedroom apartments. So far, 19 have been snapped up for more than £300,000 even though they haven't finished demolishing the site."
The young, transient and often well-paid local working population also sustains a healthy buy-to-let market. High prices are rippling out from Aberdeen. In Banchory, 15 miles away, locals are witnessing the increasingly familiar sight of buyers camping out to secure new executive homes.
Inverness too has witnessed desperate housebuyers queuing for days to buy an apartment in a new development in Holm Park. Inverness is the fastest-growing city in the Highlands but developers and planners are squabbling over who is to blame for the lack of affordable new housing. MacDonald admits the market buoyancy has left him baffled.
"Inverness has no real industry and the two oil platforms have closed so I don't know what is driving the market. Perhaps it is simply that more people want to live in the Highlands. Rural areas nearby are also booming."
Despite the different housebuying systems, lenders offer the same mortgage products on both sides of the border. Dunfermline offers its products to buyers in England, while Market Harborough is targeting business growth north of the border.
Chief executive Philip Dearing says English lenders have to gear themselves up for the different legal system. "We have a separate business within the business that deals with Scottish counter-parties including valuers, solicitors and packages. This gives us credibility among brokers in Scotland, provides a faster service, and allows Scottish housebuyers to access the best mortgages from the English market."
Market Harborough is developing a product exclusively for the Mortgage Intermediary Alliance Scotland. "Several years ago we decided to push for web-based mortgages and now 37% of our total mortgage applications arrive online," says Dearing. "The percentage of intermediary applications has fallen from 76% to just 15% over the past eight years. This means it doesn't matter where the borrower is. We are getting applications from Galashiels to the Orkney Islands."
Market Harborough has always offered mortgages in Scotland and has never suffered a single late payment, any mortgage arrears or a repossession. This positive experience should encourage those who fear the Scottish property market might have finally overreached itself.


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To go to the South Pole I hitch-hiked the Austral Road southwards from Santiago. It is quite a simpático road to hike and meet people on the way. This is a picture of the famous Km 0, which I reached with Raquel, a Catalan I shared room and bed in Chiloé. And with whom we met on and off as we had a similar itinerary. A wonderful positive person to spend time with!
After the South Pole experience I started speeding my ascend towards Buenos Aires, which I saw as a social stopover, to meet friends and family. The trip to the Pole had been quite a shock to my budget and I had planned to stop my travels in the Argentinian capital.
I sadly left my white overall, my new Magallanic/European family-like environment (much love to Daniel and my Romanian sisters) and 6 cats behind (with four kitties coming out of their kitty box for the first time, awww) to finally manage to see the Perito Moreno I missed on my way down.
I hitched a ride to Puerto Natales with a wonderful, energy-filled woman who was into hugging and I entered the town well loved and hugged up.
In Natales I stayed with a very well known family in the couch surfing community and despite the chaos of people and space, I felt quickly at home.
The highlight of Puerto Natales is the park of Torres del Paine. A well known hike to see a very curious mountain formation.
I just wasn't sure if I was well equipped to hike in rather harsh weather conditions. No tent, no sleeping bag and worse, my backpack is pretty, but a pain to carry.
I could rent the equipment and do the short 3-day hike, I loved the space but the amount of mountain uniformed tourists was putting me off. The forecast wasn't looking good, the wind was ferocious and it was also pouring rain.
I hadn't slept much, I was feeling a bit numb and irritated. After coming out of an informative evening for the hike and after seeing the place so packed I needed to take a walk and think. My walk included a visit to the bus station and to the grocery shops. After the station I went to buy some food for the hike and when I was about to pay I couldn't find my wallet. I swear I walked the same path 3 times back and forth under the rain and against the strong and loud winds, but the wallet was gone with the credit cards and the money I had withdrawn to do the whole hike.
So the answer to my doubts whether to do the hike or not dissipated quick enough.
I was furious I had to stay in town to sort my situation and I hated my luck. From that point on a "yang" time began. I lost my right to a bed where I was staying although they were nice to give me a mattress to sleep in the living room. Fair enough. The bedroom was freezing cold, but not the living room.
But then more people came in and I was given the 2 seat couch. The town was 3-times above its normal capacity, the weather had turned even harsher and the tourist bus I was going to board to go to the mountain site tumbled, some cancelled their trip and were knocking doors to find a place to stay.
The reason to that craze of tourists pouring in was not only the school holidays or the weather. The park has recently become one of the 8 wonders of the world. So all those shop-uniformed hikers were box tickers. The park is now extremely popular. I had no idea of the wonder status, but after finding out I felt less bad about not going up those hills.
So I had a small couch to sleep in. Until another desperate tourist was given one seat to sleep.
Then I remembered I had the phone numbers of people from Natales I had contacted before and tried my luck to see if they had space for me that night. Hostels were booked out. With all that gushing rain, the stormy wind, no money, the door bell ringing and tourists pouring into the house, no bed to sleep... It all felt sort of apocalyptic.
Among that mess of people I got to meet a very corageous family who were crossing Southamerica by bike. It was so windy, they could only manage to ride 25km a day and, like many of us, had decided to take a break and wait until the storm ended. Here their blog, if interested:
But here comes one of the joys of travelling: a friend of a guy who knew about my luck sent me a message, picked me up and drove me to his home.
And my mood changed as soon as he said: "I just learned how to drive yesterday". It made me laugh so much my worries disappeared and I spent the night in a military complex. Too thankful to tell how nice it felt to finally get some sleep.
So, with no money in my coat and the idea of the hike ditched I went on the road the next morning to hitch hike to the Argentinian border. I had sent myself some money to the only card I had left, but I had to wait a couple of days for the transaction to complete. Since I had had one lucky strike I felt as good as those who have nothing to lose.
A couple of fishermen picked me up. As I told them the story they decided I couldn't leave without seeing the "big wonder", they drove me to see the mountain and then dropped me at the Argentinian border.
... Ready to go to Calafate and see the Perito Moreno!


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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|2 - 7 nights
Beautiful 4 season house on the lake - 4 rooms on 2 levels. During winter, you are at 25 minutes door to door to Jay Peak resort for skiing but you can also enjoy cross country skiing, snowshoeing, skating or ice fishing on the lake. During summer, you can do any nautical activity (fishing, swimming, kayaking, canoeing etc..). You have access to 2 kayaks, 3 places canoe and a 50 feet deck. Located on a point you have an impressive 270 degree view on the lake and few feet from the lake so you have the impression to be on a boat. The cottage has all facilities including: high speed WIFI internet, pool table, AC unit, washer & dryer, large TV with full cable Comcast subscription incl free films & series, another smaller tv only internet connect with NETFLIX account, electric piano, Nikon spotting scope(telescope) zoom 20x-60x to observe wildlife, etc...
You have access to so many places of interest within few minutes to one hour distance. (jay peak, troy falls, burke trails, new-hampshire littleton , echo lake, franconia notch, the flume etc..).
We rented the cottage in Newport to be near our daughter's wedding venue at the Eastside. The layout was perfect for our family of 6 adults and one toddler. We loved having our own dock and some of us enjoyed kayaking on the lake. Comfy beds and a great kitchen and deck for hanging out.
We were a group of four adults and 1 child for five nights in early October 2017. The house is as advertised, well maintained, and very comfortable. The view is wonderful. Having the pool table was a plus. My only wish for the house would be a dishwasher. Other than that It is an excellent rental.
Great location. Grand views with spectacular sunrises. A quiet neighborhood. Enjoyed the pool table . Jean was available to our questions and inquiries. A very nice place.
We were so happy with this rental! Stunning views, water was amazing- we loved kayaking to town. We were 4 adults and 1 child but could have fit many more. Clean, well kept, kayaks on site. We loved it and hope to return!
We had a marvelous time in Newport, VT. The house was fantastic and so was the view. The lake was quiet and everyone enjoyed kayaking, fishing and swimming. It was a great time with cousins - all over 60! We so enjoyed playing pool, watching Netflix and we had several sing-a-longs. We also played games and had a few wonderful drinks. We visited the city several times enjoying the natural food store, the tasting center and the Pick and Shovel. We hope the home will be available next year. Thanks Jean and Maria.
Great house, very clean and airy, up to date kitchen. Plenty of space. AC, washer, dryer a definite plus. Very quiet area. Great to walk out right to the water. Lake was quiet. Used the supply kayaks and canoes without issue. Water was clean - the bottom is a bit mucky (not to be unexpected) so bring water shoes. My son really enjoyed the pool table. Note that most of the board games in house are in French. And the 55" tv is an older projection tv without HD (if that is important to you). Newport, the nearby town, has some decent restaurants and a very nice Ice Cream shoppe.
25 minutes from Jay Peak
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
Summer 2018
23 Jun 2018 - 1 Sep 2018
7 night minimum stay
|Notes: Rates are based on 4 guests; add AU$20 per night, per additional guest
My Standard Rate
2 night minimum stay
|Notes: Rates are based on 4 guests; add AU$33 per night, per additional guest
|Refundable Damage Deposit
|Cleaning Fee
If rent electric motor for canoe add 125$/booking
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.


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One of the photos I drew inspiration from comes from a new (to me) challenge called {PIN}spirational Challenges. It appears that they chose a pin from Pinterest and use that. Here is this week's photo. You still have time to join in the fun too!
The second picture I drew inspiration from was for a world cardmaking day challenge. Can you see how the 2 pictures are completely different and yet inspired me in the same way? I took the cherry blossom and stamped it on vellum, and used satin ribbon. Isn't it fun how two different pictures could inspire me in the same way?
|Japanese Kimonos
I love this card. It uses some retired product that I wish we still had. When I made it I didn't have anyone in mind to send it to, so I left the inside blank, for now. I'm sure it will go to someone special. In the meantime I think I will put it on display in my craft room to inspire me some more.
Creative Blessings,
Heather North
P.S. Have you checked out my Blog Candy post yet? I'm giving away a FREE stamp set OR set of cards to one lucky person. It's easy to enter, just CLICK HERE and scroll to the bottom for the "rules. ;) Good luck!


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Download Canon Pixma Ip1600 Printer Driver Vista
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Canon Pixma Ip1600 Installation Software
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|Posted by Darius Barrow on August 27, 2017 at 1:05 AM
In the summer of 1967, rioting and civil unrest starts to tear apart the city of Detroit. Two days later, a report of gunshots prompts the Detroit Police Department, the Michigan State Police and the Michigan Army National Guard to search and seize an annex of the nearby Algiers Motel. Several policemen start to flout procedure by forcefully and viciously interrogating guests to get a confession. By the end of the night, three unarmed men are gunned down while several others are brutally beaten.
Release date: August 4, 2017 (USA)
Director: Kathryn Bigelow
Box office: 15.5 million USD
Screenplay: Mark Boal
Producers: Kathryn Bigelow, Mark Boal, Megan Ellison, Matthew Budman, Colin Wilson
Categories: Movies Lables
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Merrill Corp is located at 515 Woburn St, Tewksbury, MA. This business specializes in Printing.


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Two engineering firm employees have been jailed after a £100,000 theft of parts was revealed.
Eric Pygott, 65, in charge of stores at Brook Hansen of Huddersfield, and George Walker, who ran Walker Engineering in Halifax, were jailed for 18 months and 12 months respectively.
Both men pleaded guilty to conspiracy to steal when they appeared before Bradford Crown Court last week.
The court heard that Pygott had supplied Walker with more than 500 electric motors from stores for cash payments.


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Siney E. Johnson - HensleyDecember 18, 1930 ~ September 9, 2017 (age 86)
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Siney Elanor Gabbard Johnson Hensley, 86, of Connersville, Indiana, was born on December 18, 1930, in Foxtown, Kentucky, the daughter of the late John R. and Martha Ann Terry Gabbard. Siney departed this life on Saturday evening, September 9, 2017, at Caroleton Manor Nursing Home in Connersville.
Siney was formerly married to Levi Johnson and was a member of the Holiness Faith.
She was preceded in death by her late husband, Frank Hensley, Jr.; a daughter, Barbara Ann Johnson Hauri; a grandchild, Jeannie Lin Hauri; three siblings, Eldon Gabbard, Lola B. Hobbs, and Lora Lainhart.
Survivors include one son, Bobby Johnson and wife, Joetta of McKee, Kentucky; four grandchildren, Mike and Melissa Johnson of McKee, Kentucky, Tim and Dea Johnson of Annville, Kentucky, Swayne and Nanette Hauri, Stuart and Angie Hauri, all of Connersville; great grandchildren, Jaclyn and Seth Johnson, Cody and Rebecca Hauri, Kaitlyn Gaddis, Justin Beech and Devon Hobbs; one great-great-granddaughter, Baylee Ann Wylie; one sister-in-law, Shirley Gabbard; one nephew, Junior Hobbs, three nieces, Darlene Osborn, Myra Galloway and Madeline Ferrell; two stepsons, Allan Hensley and family, Jeff Hensley and family; many relatives and friends. We feel our loss is Heaven's gain.
Family and friends may call from 11:00 a.m. until the time of service at 1:00 p.m. on Tuesday, September 12, 2017, at Miller, Moster, Robbins Funeral Home. Pastor Tim Johnson will officiate. Burial will follow at Dale Cemetery.
Online condolences can be made anytime at millermosterrobbins.com


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U.N. council expected to vote Saturday on Iran
The U.N. Security Council is expected to vote this weekend on a resolution imposing a third round of sanctions on Iran over its nuclear program, Western ambassadors said on Thursday.
We thought it was perfectly reasonable to (finalize the resolution) tomorrow and to vote on this important issue on Saturday, said U.S. Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad.
Washington had been pushing for a vote on Friday.
His British counterpart, John Sawers, said the vote would probably be on Saturday but did not rule out another delay.
Had we put it to a vote today the resolution would clearly have passed but we want to have as much support as is possible, Sawers said. One delegation has suggested some small amendments which we're reflecting upon.
Diplomats said he was referring to a proposal from Vietnam, which has expressed concerns about the resolution drafted by Britain, France and Germany.
Diplomats also said South Africa, which has said it wanted to delay the sanctions vote, had requested a meeting with the European co-sponsors on Friday to discuss the resolution.
A third country which has said it might not be able to support the resolution, Indonesia, indicated it might have to abstain or even vote against it.
We are yet to be convinced that more sanctions is the reasonable way to go at this time, Indonesian Ambassador Marty Natalegawa said. Indonesia voted for the last sanctions resolution against Iran, which was adopted in March 2007.
Libya's ambassador indicated on Monday that he would probably vote against the resolution.
Even without the votes of Libya, Vietnam, Indonesia and South Africa, the resolution has 11 out of 15 council members -- including all the permanent members -- ready to support it so seems certain to be approved.


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Remember when I found this skirt by Baily 44 at TJMaxx?
I've gotten a ton of wear out of it...at home in Idaho before the wedding, work, and play. Pair it with a simple colored top and I'm good to go (and, of course, add my Angela Caputi bracelets).
Many of you have sent me notes about wanting to find the same skirt. And while I haven't been able to track it down, here's a similar option from Old Navy, nonetheless! And it's only $20!


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WALL STREET ended lower yesterday as tumbling oil prices dragged energy shares to a three-year low and factory data from China added to concerns about weakening growth in the world's second-largest economy.
The Dow Jones industrial average fell 91.46 points, or 0.52 per cent, to 17,598.4, the S&P 500 lost 5.86 points, or 0.28 per cent, to 2,097.98 and the Nasdaq Composite dropped 12.90 points, or 0.25 per cent, to 5,115.38.
Chevron plunged more than three per cent to lead blue chip declines, while Exxon Mobil was off 1.4 per cent.
Some major tech names declined.
Apple fell about 2.4 per cent to $118 a share, below its 200-day moving average and in correction territory.
Twitter closed down 5.6 per cent, ending below $30 a share for the first time. The stock briefly plunged more than 6.5 per cent to a new intraday low amid growth concerns.
Tyson Foods shares fell 9.9 per cent after the biggest US meat processor cut its profit forecast for the year, citing export market disruptions in its beef business and high cattle costs.
Peabody Energy fell 9.17 per cent as President Barack Obama prepared to unveil the final version of his plan to tackle greenhouse gases from coal-fired power plants.
After the bell, shares of Tenet Healthcare rose 2.3 per cent as the company's second-quarter report pleased investors.


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I am going to tell you now that this grandfather is one pissed off SOB! I have two grand children, both boys the older of the two is Autistic and he just this past week started school. My daughter went to school the first day gave the teacher his lunch which contained a Peanut Butter sandwich, Raisins a carton oh milk and a sippy cup full of water. He came home from school went into the house and the first thing he wanted was water of which he downed three cups. My daughter looked in his back pack and his lunch was still there"untouched". My daughter called the school and asked why he did not eat his lunch? She was told he did not want his lunch. She pointed out his lunch had not been touched, to this the teacher explained he was given the school Healthy menu lunch which consisted of a carton of milk and a broccoli wrap. My reply to this story is WHAT! What the hell do you mean he got the school healthy menu lunch he had his own food and my daughter opted out of the healthy menu lunches because the boy eats what he likes and broccoli is not on that list. So they decided to let him starve all day. We may ask why not give him the milk? Well being autistic he is set in his ways does things his way and it works. He needs a straw or will not for some reason drink out of a carton.
The school is aware of what they are up against with him and know he drinks with a straw. So they tell my daughter they don't allow straws. WTF? Look I know this is not all Michelle's fault but I am quite sure there are a lot of kids in this country that don't like broccoli. I just don't understand how people will let a kid sit all day with no food or drink when they know he has the things he will eat in his back pack. Man I am pissed. He did get in trouble as well because he threw his broccoli wrap on the floor. He is such a rebel…I friggin hate broccoli what are these people thinking?