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Inlet Ducts, OEM Turbos and Sport Turbo Upgrades
|Mazdatrix Home Page
|Click part number for price
|View Cart
Main Turbo Page
Turbo Inlet Duct
|This is the heavy rubber / plastic ducting from the air flow meter. They are getting brittle from age and heat, then cracking. The car idles rough, and is down on power and boost.
|Part Number
|93-95 to Primary Turbo
|Stock Turbos, Manifold, and J-Spec Upgrade
|The original equipment turbos and manifolds are extremely prone to cracking due to the incredible heat generated by the engine. We have continued looking for a "rebuild" place that could maintain a consistent supply of buildable core turbos, but we have never found one. Assuming your turbo is not a usable core, and the manifold is cracked enough to not be usable, about your only choice is buy a new one which is not inexpensive. The '99 J-Spec Turbo is a nice upgrade from stock for the 93-95 Twins, and the price is significantly lower than the US version.
|Part Number
|86-88 Stock Turbo Unit
|No Longer Available
|89-92 Stock Turbo Unit
|No Longer Available
|93-95 Stock Twin Turbo Unit
|J-Spec 280hp '99 Twin Turbo Unit
Direct bolt in upgrade for stock
(The 99 spec compressors received special abradable housings to improve impeller blade clearances and turbine housings were made roomier. This creates a faster responding turbo, better efficiency and higher boost capability for more power. These turbos are capable of seeing 330-350hp)
|86-88 Stock Exhaust Manifold
|No Longer Available
|89-92 Stock Exhaust Manifold
|No Longer Available
|93-95 Stock Exhaust Manifold
|93-95 Turbo Charge Control Valve
|This controls the
amount of airflow going between the two turbos. If this breaks, the wastegate
won't open and the air flows back into the filter. This causes the turbos to
try and pressurize the atmosphere.
|No Longer Available
|Turbo Lock Tabs
|These are "lock washers" for the turbo to manifold and the turbo to downpipe for S4 TII
|86-88 Rear (2 Required)
|No Longer Available
|86-88 Turbo to Manifold
|No Longer Available
|93-95 Misc Air Hoses
|Air Pump to Pipe
|From Pre-Control
|Manifold to Blow-Off
|86-88 Oil Turbo Pipe
|Oil Pipe to Turbo
|No Longer Available
Main Turbo Page
|Mazdatrix Home Page
|Click part number for price
|View Cart


text:
It's time to spill some ink on torcetrapib. Everyone knows this drug by now--"son of Lipitor" which couldn't make it to an NDA. In a late Phase 3 trial, persons taking torcetrapib had higher mortality than those not taking it. Definitely not a good thing. (Some years back, Bristol-Myers Squibb had an antibiotic, desquin, which had higher mortality associated with its use among persons with abdominal abscesses. After the company finally realized it would never get the drug to market (it also had a slight hypoglycemia problem), it gave the drug back to its Japanese discoverer, which promptly licensed it to Schering-Plough. Lord only knows what Fred Hassan was thinking when he made the deal. But I digress...) The idea with torcetrapib was to raise HDLs. Data from Framingham and lots of other epidemiologic data suggested that HDLs were important to reduce cardiovascular risk. Some suggested it was even more important than LDLs, which are the target of the omnipresent statins like Lipitor. Niacin, which raises HDLs (if you can tolerate the hot flashes), doesn't appear to raise mortality; on the contrary, it lowers it, enough for Abbott Labs to buy Kos Pharmaceuticals just to get into the niacin market. So what gives with torcetrapib?
It turns out it might not be a matter of increasing levels of HDL per se. It turns out HDL molecules carry lots of stuff inside beside lipoproteins. For example, protease inhibitors, which might help stabilize atherosclerotic lesions, aka plaque. That's just an example. There are lots of others. I doubt torcetrapib does anything about this other stuff. It works to increase HDL levels, period. While Pfizer shareholders will likely not be heartened by this fact, for the rest of us, this realization carries two messages: first, raising HDL alone may not be the best path to reducing cardiovascular disease (and identifying a potential blockbuster), and second, pharmacological approaches are often not as compelling as we first thought.
On the other hand, one wonders why the good folks at Pfizer didn't try pairing Lipitor with niacin (which is generic, I think). Maybe there's a patent issue, but I doubt it. It certainly would have been safer than torcetrapib. In any case, one of the lessons from the torcetrapib is that not all drug safety issues are post-marketing (after marketing approval has been obtained), and not all of drug safety is sturm and drang. While Pfizer shareholders didn't benefit much from torcetrapib, the rest of us did.
To CET: Many thanks.
14 April 2007
Pfizer, torcetrapib, and HDLs
Posted by Dr. Safety at 3:38 PM
Labels: HDL, kos, niacin, pfizer, torcetrapib
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Blue Fatal Error Screen In Windows Xp
They have identical troubleshooting and resolution steps, and you will probably need to use the Windows Debugger to find out what caused the error. This step also assumes that at some time in the past, you downloaded, burned and tested a Knoppix CD. The error message that can appear on your screen is usually this: STOP: c000021a {Fatal System Error} The Windows SubSystem system process terminated unexpectedly with a status of 0xc0000005. EasyRE will test for and attempt to automatically correct errors with the disk, partition, bootsector, filesystem, bootloader, and registry. get redirected here
The system has been shut down. It never hurts to backup files you're abut to overwrite. You have successfully resolved the blue screen of death stop error c000021a. The quick test will not be thorough enough here.
Blue Screen Fatal System Error
If you have Windows XP with no Service Packs, install them. Additional information See our BSOD and error definitions for further information and related links on these terms. After Windows runs through the repair process, you should be able to get back into Windows and your stop error should be gone. Once the reboot has completed, your desktop will appear and that's it.
Choose the option that allows you to boot from a CD. If a driver is identified in the Stop message, disable the driver or check with the manufacturer for driver updates. Your feedback has been sent. Windows Xp Fatal Error C000021a Smashing Magazine SonSpring The Digital Sanctuary TurtleInteractive Vincent Proudly powered by WordPress | Theme: Yoko by Elmastudio Top blog gallery travel search about « photo: spider wasp in action
For more information on System Restore, go to our guide on System Restore for Windows Vista and Windows 7. Fatal Error Blue Screen Windows 7 This feature is not available right now. The system returned: (22) Invalid argument The remote host or network may be down. CompCenter 5,367 views 5:08 Blue Screen of Death (Episode 11) - Duration: 9:01.
Most of you have probably seen nv4_disp.sys associated with this Blue Screen. Skype Fatal Error Windows Xp This morning, when I powered-up my computer at work, my Windows XP-based computer booted blue, noting a file error which in turn kicked off an automatic chkdsk scan/fix of my hard Run diagnostics on the computer's memory. Applicable Systems This Windows-related knowledgebase article applies to the following operating systems: Windows XP (all editions) Windows Vista (all editions) Windows 7 (all editions) Windows 8 (all editions) Windows 8.1 (all
Fatal Error Blue Screen Windows 7
Click on the drive icon that contains your Windows operating system. For example, in the above error, it is STOP: 0x00000019 ... Blue Screen Fatal System Error The system has been shut down. (the german version says something like "der systemprozess session manager initialization wurde unerwartet beendet. Windows Xp Fatal Error On Startup To run System Restore in Safe Mode, follow these steps: Boot the computer Press the F8 key before the Windows Vista or 7 logo appears At the Advanced Boot Options screen,
Skip to Main Content Search Help Tips Dictionary History Forums Contact You are here: Help > Operating System > Microsoft Windows Help How to fix the Windows blue screen errors Before Get More Info Click any key to boot from the DVD At the Welcome screen, click Repair your computerThe Welcome screen in Windows Vista: The Welcome screen in Windows 7: Choose your operating system Uninstall any recently installed programs, and roll-back any recently installed drivers. Follow this tutorial to learn what causes it.Don't forget to check out our site http://howtech.tv/ for more free how-to videos!http://youtube.com/ithowtovids - our feedhttp://www.facebook.com/howtechtv - join us on facebookhttps://plus.google.com/1034403827176... - our group Windows Xp Fatal Error During Installation
Description and Symptoms The error messages, alerts, warnings, and symptoms below are tied to this error. Sign in Transcript Statistics 198,551 views 173 Like this video? Choose Troubleshoot Select Advanced Options Select Startup Settings Click Restart Press the F6 key to boot into Safe Mode with Command Prompt Once the Command Prompt appears, type this command and useful reference I am merely enumerating the steps I took to fix my computer under my circumstances, configuration and context.
There were some other things about registry files, but again, I can't get to the the C:\> command line prompt then it doesn't do me much good. How To Fix Fatal Error In Windows Xp The 0xC000021A error is also known as: STOP 0xC000021A STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED (Status System Process Terminated) HALT: c000021a {Fatal System Error} STOP c000021a This is how 0xC000021A appears on a Windows XP system Tami November 19, 2009 at 4:07 pm When booting up press f8 and load last known good config that worked, this worked for me after trying new memory and everything else
Type "!analyze -v" in the command line (kd>) field at the bottom of the window and press the Enterkey to have the WinDbg perform a detailed analysis of the file.
https://t.co/Uu5PSNvtYk #peerreview #, Jun 2categories android (11) computers & technology (120) contemplative (73) fun (209) general (217) in german (32) music (58) nature (184) bats (29) photo (415) living pictures (30) But this sort of thing never happens to me. Option 4: Perform a Windows System Restore Press CTRL+SHIFT+ESC on your keyboard to launch Task Manager Click on the Application tab and click "New Task" then "Browse" Go to C:\Windows\System32\Restore\ folder How To Solve Fatal Error Windows Xp Shutdown Knoppix correctly (don't be impatient and just pull the plug:-) - remember to remove the CD from the drive when prompted.
When this happens, Windows stops the system completely and then generates the fatal system error message. Once the process is complete, EasyRE will report its findings. Boot into your system Go to Desktop and click Start Press the Windows and R keys to open the Run utility Type msconfig Press Enter Go to the General tab, at http://gmtcopy.com/fatal-error/blackberry-fatal-error.php Assuming I can boot using the knoppix cd, will the explorer give me access to my files so I can copy them to an external HD for use under Vista?
Loading... I got some coffee and used my smart phone to address email while all this was going on. Before you do so, please note that: A Reset will erase all personal files from your computer If your system is Windows 8.1, a Reset will revert your computer to Windows Babbling Boolean 101,118 views 9:21 How-To Repair Blue Screen and Safe Mode - Duration: 6:36.
When the windows logo screen will appear, you will suddenly see the c000021a Fatal System Error.Step 2 -- Last Known Good ConfigurationAs a result, the Advanced Boot Options screen will appear. Thank you. There can be many reasons why you are experiencing this error: Corrupt or missing hardware drivers Faulty hardware (i.e. BEST TRICK - Duration: 7:46.
expect a blend of biology, tech, science, photography, travel and random stuff. :) search blog stay in touch! I did find on the Messenger Plus! Expand both the found.000 (our found.001..n, etc) and your Windows/System32 directories. What Causes Stop Error c000021a?
ERROR The requested URL could not be retrieved The following error was encountered while trying to retrieve the URL: http://0.0.0.2/ Connection to 0.0.0.2 failed. Disable BIOS memory options such as caching or shadowing. Follow the instructions on the screen. Email check failed, please try again Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email.
Offline NT Password Reg and editor"" Also I used UBUNTU to get my photos etc off the hard drive. The user-mode subsystem refers to the Client Server Run-Time Subsystem (CSRSS) or WinLogon. At the initial 'boot:' prompt, hit enter.


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US Airman Swept Away By Typhoon Confirmed Dead, 2 Others Still Missing
The U.S. Air Force Sunday confirmed at least one of three airmen swept out to sea as Typhoon Phanfone pummeled Japan has died. Japan's Meteorological Agency said the storm, packing winds as high as 104 mph, pounded Okinawa and Kyushu.
Keep them in your hearts today. MT @KadenaAirBase: 1 Airman dead, 2 remain missing at sea. Search ongoing. http://t.co/usqT6NPLCf
— U.S. Air Force (@usairforce) October 5, 2014
The Associated Press reported the three, stationed at Kadena Air Base, were swept off Okinawa's northern coast Sunday. The search for the other two was suspended because of high seas. CNN reported the victim, whose name was withheld along with those of the two missing airmen, was pulled from the sea by the Japanese coast guard.
The typhoon brought torrential rains to the area but the storm was expected to weaken before nearing Tokyo early Monday, the U.S. government's Joint Typhoon Warning Center said.


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5T-p6Ugv6TQ►Watch Levi Siver Windsurf a Snowy Japanese Mountain: http://win.gs/WindsurfingMt
Kick back, relax and be transported to a pow laden winter wonderland in back country Japan while director Heath Patterson, Nick Brown and six of their friends journeyed to back country Hokkaido, Japan, to fulfill a lifelong dream.
Igloos as far as the eye can see, jumps in every direction, an extensive variation of terrain, snow falling 24/7 and eight great mates continuously digging to exhaustion, sets the scene for the creation of one all-time snow park and one all-time cinematic production, 'Hidden Mountain.' Watch as the boys venture out into middle-of-nowhere Japanese pow to build the ultimate backcountry slalom playground.
Experience the world of Red Bull like you have never seen it before. With the best action sports clips on the web and original series, prepare for your "stoke factor" to be at an all time high.
Watch Red Bull TV: http://win.gs/WatchRBTV
See into our world: http://goo.gl/J49U
Red Bull on Facebook: http://win.gs/redbullfb
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Subscribe to Red Bull on Youtube: http://win.gs/SubToRedBull
Subscribe to the Red Bulletin: http://win.gs/TheRedBulletin
Sign up for our Newsletter here: http://win.gs/RedBullNewsletter


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Hope Singles Clubhttp://groups.blackplanet.com/hsclub
Group Basics
- Members: 2
- Category: Relationships
- Type: public
- Date Founded:
- Group Owner:
Recent Activity
Welcome to Hope Singles Club-An online dating and social networking club, connecting people together in Love and Friendship.Being part, is an opportuntity to make new friends, find your soul mate, meet old friends and so much more
|Forum Topic
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5 Thins You Should Never Tell a Guy
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Wall Street joined world stock markets in a precipitous plunge Friday, with the Dow Jones industrials dropping more than 400 points in early trading. The growing belief that the world will suffer a punishing economic recession. (Oct. 24)
Choose the plan that's right for you. Digital access or digital and print delivery.


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Welcome 'Guest' to the Department of Viticulture & Enology Employment Bulletin Board
New Job Listings provided by the industry will be posted here for our students and alumni to view.
Return to Main List
|2018 Harvest Viticulture and Cellar Intern
|Quivira Vineyards
|Employment Location
|Healdsburg, CA
|Company Description
|Quivira is a family-owned winery producing hand-crafted, estate-grown Dry Creek Valley wines. We specialize in small-lot wines from a diverse set of varietals tied closely to the unique terroir of our Biodynamically farmed estate vineyards.
|Pay Scale
|Employment Start Date
|August 2018
|Employment End Date
|November 2018
|Job Description
| We're looking for an exceptional individual to fill a unique position on our 2018 Harvest team. This position will function as a pivot point between our vineyard and winemaking teams and will be tasked with seeing that pre-harvest information is quickly and effectively communicated to both along with cellar work. Ideal candidates should be dedicated to ultra-premium winemaking and be willing and able to maintain a high degree of focus and precision through long hours.
Key responsibilities could include but not be limited to:
• Vineyard and ripeness monitoring
• Grape sampling, processing, data entry and reporting
• Tonnage estimates and cluster counts
• Basic lab analysis
• Crushpad work
• Additions and fermentation management
• Punchdowns and pumpovers
• Cleaning and sanitizing equipment
This position will be required to lift and carry 50 lbs., utilize basic arithmetic and measurement skills, follow detailed verbal and written instructions, work long days & weekends, stand for long periods of time, climb stairs and ladders and work in a safe and efficient manner.
|Contact Info
| Please send cover letter and CV to:
Zack Robinson
Enologist and Technical Winemaker
Quivira Vineyards
|Contact Address
|4900 West Dry Creek Rd, Healdsburg, CA, 95448
|Contact Phone
|Contact Fax
|Contact E-mail
|Contact Website
Return to Main List


text:
Chapter 3: Use of Feedback Loops in a SVGRTP
A feedback loop is a device created to monitor flow to and from an account. Earlier we defined taxes as cost of government functions and defined it as percentage of GDP. We now for the purposes of building a measuring device need to define taxes as a flow. For the purposes of this discussion Tax flow (TF) is defined as d$/dt or the change in dollars divided by the change in time.
Building the feedback loop requires the measurement of TF and depending where the measurement takes places, requires calibration (making time a reasonable increment for the flow going past the point of measure (POM)).
Policy analysts, budget forecasters, and others certainly need to look at the change of the rate of tax flow but that is not a requirement for the simple feedback loop described here. The device measures current events, and does not determine causality or potential government actions. Diagram 3 shows the feedback loop.
Diagram 3: Feedback loop
Governments create budgets and flow is TF = Projected Receipts– Budgeted Dollars for one year = Projected deficit or surplus. After a year has passed TF = Actual Revenues – Actual expenditures for the year (or fiscal quarter in some cases).
Citizens determine the priorities of continuous tax expenditures for one year with passionate debates over the funding requirements of critical government functions. Administrations then execute a budget, set the funding in stone; and hope projections of revenue are not too far off the mark.
If the same budgeting method exists and taxes flow to government from the SVGRTP then a government can use a feedback loop to change tax flow based on current fiscal phenomena. For instance if a government budgeted X dollars for say snow removal for X number of snow events and at the end of the winter season there were Y number of snow events for Y dollars, then the administers can react immediately to adjust tax rates or move money to other budgeted projects.
Feedback loops monitor tax flow and provide fiscal policy administrators an ability to adjust flow if and only if a SVGRTP becomes the primary method to collect taxes. It allows for intelligent control of scarce resources other than haphazard (at best) approaches we see today.
The feedback loop is a primitive mechanism and adjusting TF requires a skilled hand with knowledge of elasticity of sales tax. Put simply, lower taxes too much, receive too little tax revenue; increase taxes too much, receive too little tax revenue.
Next Post: Generic Payment hubs


text:
It's pure myth that women need to be more aggressive to succeed. Since the time when Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In was first published in 2013, one thing has become strikingly clear: leaning in simply isn't enough to turn the tide. To the contrary, studies show that imitating male behavior doesn't translate to professional advancement for women. The distinctive missing link is influence. The Influence Effect focuses on building influence that will enable women to gain traction in their careers and to achieve the advancement they deserve.
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Women hold just 11 percent of the most senior-level leadership positions in U.S. Corporations - a number that hasn't changed in over 30 years. How can more women break through? Break Your Own Rules distills the six faulty assumptions (or "rules") most women follow that get in the way, then delivers the correlating new rules that promise to clear a path.
Regular price: $17.95
In Varennes, a town near the Canadian border, three girls come across the body of a dead man on the local lake's beach. Two of them run to get help, but 12-year-old Mees Kipp stays with the body and somehow, inexplicably, brings it back to life. Her mysterious gift is at the center of this haunting and transcendent novel.
Regular price: $20.99


text:
Sunday, June 19, 2005
That's why I'm easy...easy like a Sunday morning..
8 Comments:
- GettingThere says...
My thoughts exactly! Where the heck did March, April and May go? I do remember January and a little bit of February. And then it seems like I took a little nap and when I woke up the sun was already setting.
- Kafka on the Shore says...
my life is a continual sunday. no really it is. i have about 3 months of sunday's till the end of september and then i'm supposed to have lots of words written. i'm beginning to not like it, this lack of structure. its easy to lose the plot, if there was one.
- Heh Heh says...
agree with kafka. it's easier to lose the sense of time when your week does not have a defined structure
- Kafka on the Shore says...
ok, changed my mind. love sundays. :)
- Jay says...
I don't like Sundays because after Sunday always comes.... Monday.
Trust me, it does.
- Rat says...
I loooove the song !!!
- eM says...
I personally can't stand Sundays. Sundays are always hangover days :)
- Vignesh says...
How the hell is it mid-June already??
Got me ! And soon, it will be budget and planning time for 2006.. oh the horror !! The HORROR !!!


text:
Authentic 304775-016 Air Jordan 7 Retro Dove Grey/Turquoise Blue-Wolf Grey-Total Orange
All the popular releases from Jordan Brand for 2016 are listed below and as you can see there is a lot. The popularity of Air Jordans is undeniable and there are no signs of it dissipating any time soon. Air Jordan 11 "Space Jam" Style Code: 378037-003.
Related Products
$190.00 $139.00


text:
Results 1 to 7 of 7
This is a discussion on Paint within the Appearance Section forums, part of the General Help category; Ok the front of my car was just painted now i have a slight difference in color from panel to ...
Ok the front of my car was just painted now i have a slight difference in color from panel to panel. In the spring i was wanting to polish and buff the rest of the car so what i want to know is what should i use or do any suggestions would be great im just a little lost on this. I have herd that clay bar might be my best bet but never have used it and dont know if this is what i need. Just want to try and make the other panels match a little better to the newly painted panels.
I will start by saying i am no expert, but i have had a very similar situation in the last few weeks.
I heavily scraped my front bumper and needed some plastic welding along with a full strip , prime and base/clear to bring it back and it is a perfect match, happily.
I am not sure if it was my bodyshop going the extra mile but although the whole of my car is original paint, their mix to the paint code was a shade or three out in there trials and so they got in a gizmo called a spectrometer or a spectrograph or something like that and "read" my current paint to mix it up for a great match. I wonder how your shop did yours as a mis-match may have to remain...... but as i said i am no paint expert and somebody like Ryan may chime in with their thoughts!
Not a huge help i realise but i thought i'd put it out there!
Trev... )
If the color does not match now, it wont. Unless they do what they did for speedy, youre SOL. The next best thing that they should have done was to blend the paint into the adjacent panels. My car is the same way. It looks like a perfect match but at certain angles you can see the difference. My car has been clay bar'd and buffed and you can still see the difference. over time the sun fades the color, no matter how well kept the clear coat is taken care of.
- Join Date
- Feb 2010
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- Greenwood, IN
- Posts
- 3,508
Light Pewter Metallic
- 2001 Camaro SS
i have a similar problem on my CTS-V. car wasn't in an accidents but the driver door has been painted. had the car clay barred, buffed, and sealed and the issue still exists. im probably going to have the door repainted and have it blended.
I have painted many silver GM's from fbodys to everything else. It is one of the worse colors to match. Usually you have to get a color card for that code use the closest and then make spray out cards till it is within a shade. Also with the metallic paint if the pressure is too high or low or not reduced perfect the flake lays different causing a big difference especially in the sun. You always have to blend into the next panel if the damage is anywhere close to it. Not that it is a better match but blending it tricks your eyes so you can't tell when done right. Wet sanding, buffing, and that will make no difference. I personally hate doing silver cats because of the extra blending amd some people wanna go.cheap and not.do it then blame me for it not matching. The only GM color you can truly to a match without blending is blk amd only if it is in good shape. Bumpers generally never have a perfect match, go to a.dealer and even new cars don't because of the difference between plastic and metal or fiberglass. You can get it close enough where a lot of people can't tell I can on almost all colorsi have been doing it long enough to learn the tricks, I have made.mistakes when I started and learned after they cost me.money. you really have to check the paint on pickup especially insurance repairs and refuse delivery till it OS done right. It took one local dealership 4 times to paint my x's moms gold accord b4 I would let her take delivery. Once you leave it's hard to go back.
Beast advice find a good local shop amd ask them how much to blend the panels that don't match toghter so it will look right again.
Well I guess I'm screwed the reason it wasn't blended is because the extra work probably would have totaled the car and this way my insurance paid for it. Then i guess my next question is what is the best clay bar/wax/ sealer stuff for the money i know the rest of the car that didn't get painted needs it bad and the new paint will get its first wax in the spring.
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When all the presidential primary hoopla started many months back, I looked up the date of
Voting day has arrived and now a new wrench is thrown into the mix. Apparently I am a Republican?! Now I will admit that I grew up in a very Republican household (as big business is the field of choice for many family members), but after a couple years on my own and some exposure to more democratic ideas, I would have to say that my views definitely lean more towards the left. Not very far left, but I have a more liberal perspective on certain issues that are important to most 20 somethings. Also, most recently (as a result of grad school and practicum experience) issues relating to the public school systems have helped me to distinguish my party allegiance. I could go on for hours about the flaws in No Child Left Behind (as I'm sure most school employees could), and I think both democratic candidates have the better reform plans for NCLB. Okay, enough about my views....back to the issue at hand, not being able to vote.
I don't remember registering as a Republican when I moved to
Next thing to research, the voting rules for DC....
Tuesday, May 6, 2008
Primary Day
When all the presidential primary hoopla started many months back, I looked up the date of


text:
ENTRAILS premieres final single of new album 'World Inferno'!
- 06/06/17 – New album 'World Inferno' out June, 16th! Next week Friday, on June, 16th Swedish Death Metallers ENTRAILS...Read More
IGORRR launches video for new track, 'Cheval'
- 06/06/17 – Featuring guest vocals by Travis Ryan (Cattle Decapitation)! On June 16th, IGORRR – the brainchild of French...Read More
BLOODCLOT premieres new video for 'Kali' via Metal Hammer Germany!
- 01/06/17 – New album 'Up In Arms' out July 14th! On July 14th, BLOODCLOT – featuring true hardcore pioneers...Read More
TOMBS premieres new track, 'November Wolves', via Decibel Magazine!
- 31/05/17 – On June 16th, Brooklyn's TOMBS will release their fourth full-length, 'The Grand Annihilation', via...Read More
Metal Blade to re-issue RIOT albums 'Inishmore', 'Shine On' and 'Sons of Society' on June 30th on Digi-CD and vinyl!
- 31/05/17 – Bonus tracks/bonus DVD included as well as new vinyl mastering! Over the past couple years Metal Blade Records has...Read More
GOATWHORE unveils 'Chaos Arcane' lyric video
- 30/05/17 – 'Vengeful Ascension' release day draws near! 'Vengeful Ascension' is the imminent new...Read More
EXECRATION announces new album 'Return to the Void' for release on July 14th!
- 23/05/17 – First single/video and pre-order live! On July 14th, Norwegian Death Metallers EXECRATION will release their new album...Read More
BLOODCLOT premieres new track, 'Kali', via Stereogum.com
- 19/05/17 – New album, 'Up In Arms', available for pre-order! On July 14th, BLOODCLOT – featuring true hardcore...Read More
BYZANTINE launches concussion-inducing video for new single, 'New Ways to Bear Witness' (featuring Skeletonwitch's Dustin Boltjes)
- 17/05/17 – New album, 'The Cicada Tree', now available for pre-order! On July 28th, BYZANTINE will release their new...Read More
IGORRR announces full European tour for the fall in support of 'Savage Sinusoid'!
- 17/05/17 – On June 16th, IGORRR – the brainchild of French musician and eclectic composer Gautier Serre – will...Read More


text:
On this episode of the podcast, the Talking Metal team invades M3. You will hear new interviews with Autograph, Ace Von Johnson of Faster Pussycat, Tony Higbee of Tom Keifer's band, Jack Russell, Robby Lochner and Share and Britt from Vixen. All of these interview were recorded at this year's M3 Festival.
Listen to "TM 668 M3 Pt 2 of 2 Faster Pussycat, Autograph, Jack Russell And More" on Spreaker.
A higher quality version of the show can be heard here:
. Check out photos from the festival below. Here is where the interviews start thoughout the episode.
The Tony Higbee (Tom Keifer's band) interview starts 5:30 into the show. Follow Tony on Twitter here: @tonyhigbee
The Ace Von Johnson (Faster Pussycat) interview starts 19:50 into the show. Follow Ace on Twitter at these accounts: @fasterpussycat & @acevonjohnson
The interview with all 4 members of Autograph – Steve Lynch, Randy Rand, Simon Daniels and Marc Wieland starts 30:30 into the show. Follow Autograph on Twitter here: @AutographBand
The interview with Share Pedersen & Britt Lightning of Vixen starts at 50mins into the show. Follow Vixen at these Twitter accounts: @shareross & @OfficialVixen
The interview with Jack Russell & Robby Lochner of Jack Russell's Great White starts at 1:08:45 into the show. Follow them on Twitter here: @JacksGreatWhite
Thanks to Eric Baker for welcome the Talking Metal crew to this year's M3!
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text:
|Scientific classification
|G. max
|Binomial name
|Glycine max
(L.) Merr.
Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a primary, low-cost, source of protein for animal feeds and most prepackaged meals[citation needed]; soy vegetable oil is another valuable product of processing the soybean crop. For example, soybean products such as textured vegetable protein (TVP) are important ingredients in many meat and dairy analogues.[2]
Traditional nonfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, and from the latter tofu and tofu skin. Fermented foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, natto, and tempeh, among others. The oil is used in many industrial applications. The main producers of soy are the United States (32%), Brazil (28%), Argentina (21%), China (7%) and India (4%).[3][4] The beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, alpha-Linolenic acid, and the isoflavones genistein and daidzein.
Soybeans can produce at least twice as much protein per acre as any other major vegetable or grain crop, 5 to 10 times more protein per acre than land set aside for grazing animals to make milk, and up to 15 times more protein per acre than land set aside for meat production.[5]
NameThe plant is sometimes referred to as greater bean (大豆 - Chinese dàdòu and Japanese daizu). In Vietnam, the plant is called đậu tương or đậu nành. Both immature soybean and its dish are called edamame in Japan,[6][7] but in English, edamame refers only to a specific dish.
The English word "soy" is derived from the Japanese pronunciation of shōyu (醤油, しょうゆ), the Japanese word for soya sauce; "soya" comes from the Dutch adaptation of the same word.
ClassificationGlycine was originally introduced by Carl Linnaeus (1737) in his first edition of Genera Plantarum. The word glycine is derived from the Greek - glykys (sweet) and likely refers to the sweetness of the pear-shaped (apios in Greek) edible tubers produced by the native North American twining or climbing herbaceous legume, Glycine apios, now known as Apios americana. The cultivated soybean first appeared in Species Plantarum, by Linnaeus, under the name Phaseolus max L. The combination Glycine max (L.) Merr., as proposed by Merrill in 1917, has become the valid name for this useful plant.
The genus Glycine Willd. is divided into two subgenera, Glycine and Soja. The subgenus Soja (Moench) F.J. Herm. includes the cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and the wild soybean, Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc. Both species are annual. Glycine soja is the wild ancestor of Glycine max and grows wild in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Russia.[8] The subgenus Glycine consists of at least 16 wild perennial species: for example, Glycine canescens F.J. Herm. and G. tomentella Hayata, both found in Australia and Papua New Guinea.[9][10]
Like some other crops of long domestication, the relationship of the modern soybean to wild-growing species can no longer be traced with any degree of certainty. It is a cultural variety with a very large number of cultivars.
Description and physical characteristicsSoy varies in growth and habit. The height of the plant varies from below 20 cm (7.9 in) up to 2 metres (6.6 ft).
The pods, stems, and leaves are covered with fine brown or gray hairs. The leaves are trifoliolate, having 3 to 4 leaflets per leaf, and the leaflets are 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) long and 2–7 cm (0.79–2.8 in) broad. The leaves fall before the seeds are mature. The inconspicuous, self-fertile flowers are borne in the axil of the leaf and are white, pink or purple.
fruit is a hairy pod that grows in clusters of 3–5, each pod is 3–8 cm long (1–3 in) and usually contains 2–4 (rarely more) seeds 5–11 mm in diameter.
Soybeans occur in various sizes, and in many hull or seed coat colors, including black, brown, blue, yellow, green and mottled. The hull of the mature bean is hard, water resistant, and protects the cotyledon and hypocotyl (or "germ") from damage. If the seed coat is cracked, the seed will not germinate. The scar, visible on the seed coat, is called the hilum (colors include black, brown, buff, gray and yellow) and at one end of the hilum is the micropyle, or small opening in the seed coat which can allow the absorption of water for sprouting.
Remarkably, seeds such as soybeans containing very high levels of protein can undergo desiccation yet survive and revive after water absorption. A. Carl Leopold, son of Aldo Leopold, began studying this capability at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Cornell University in the mid 1980s. He found soybeans and corn to have a range of soluble carbohydrates protecting the seed's cell viability.[11] Patents were awarded to him in the early 1990s on techniques for protecting "biological membranes" and proteins in the dry state. Compare to tardigrades.
Chemical composition of the seed
|Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
|1,866 kJ (446 kcal)
|30.16 g
|7.33 g
|Dietary fiber
|9.3 g
|19.94 g
|2.884 g
|4.404 g
|11.255 g
|36.49 g
|0.591 g
|1.766 g
|1.971 g
|3.309 g
|2.706 g
|0.547 g
|2.122 g
|1.539 g
|2.029 g
|3.153 g
|1.097 g
|1.915 g
|Aspartic acid
|5.112 g
|Glutamic acid
|7.874 g
|1.880 g
|2.379 g
|2.357 g
|8.54 g
|Vitamin A equiv.
|1 μg (0%)
|Vitamin B6
|0.377 mg (29%)
|Vitamin B12
|0 μg (0%)
|Vitamin C
|6.0 mg (10%)
|Vitamin K
|47 μg (45%)
|277 mg (28%)
|15.70 mg (126%)
|280 mg (76%)
|704 mg (101%)
|1797 mg (38%)
|2 mg (0%)
|4.89 mg (49%)
|Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient database
Most soy protein is a relatively heat-stable storage protein. This heat stability enables soy food products requiring high temperature cooking, such as tofu, soy milk and textured vegetable protein (soy flour) to be made.
The principal soluble carbohydrates of mature soybeans are the disaccharide sucrose (range 2.5–8.2%), the trisaccharide raffinose (0.1–1.0%) composed of one sucrose molecule connected to one molecule of galactose, and the tetrasaccharide stachyose (1.4 to 4.1%) composed of one sucrose connected to two molecules of galactose. While the oligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose protect the viability of the soy bean seed from desiccation (see above section on physical characteristics) they are not digestible sugars and therefore contribute to flatulence and abdominal discomfort in humans and other monogastric animals; compare to the disaccharide trehalose. Undigested oligosaccharides are broken down in the intestine by native microbes producing gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methane.
Since soluble soy carbohydrates are found in the whey and are broken down during fermentation, soy concentrate, soy protein isolates, tofu, soy sauce, and sprouted soy beans are without flatus activity. On the other hand, there may be some beneficial effects to ingesting oligosaccharides such as raffinose and stachyose, namely, encouraging indigenous bifidobacteria in the colon against putrefactive bacteria.
The insoluble carbohydrates in soybeans consist of the complex polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The majority of soybean carbohydrates can be classed as belonging to dietary fiber.
Further information: Soy proteinFor human consumption, soybeans must be cooked with "wet" heat in order to destroy the trypsin inhibitors (serine protease inhibitors). Raw soybeans, including the immature green form, are toxic to humans, swine, chickens, in fact, all monogastric animals.[12]
Soybeans are considered by many agencies to be a source of complete protein.[13] A complete protein is one that contains significant amounts of all the essential amino acids that must be provided to the human body because of the body's inability to synthesize them. For this reason, soy is a good source of protein, amongst many others, for vegetarians and vegans or for people who want to reduce the amount of meat they eat. According to the US Food and Drug Administration:
Soy protein products can be good substitutes for animal products because, unlike some other beans, soy offers a 'complete' protein profile. ... Soy protein products can replace animal-based foods—which also have complete proteins but tend to contain more fat, especially saturated fat—without requiring major adjustments elsewhere in the diet.[13]However, as with many dietary health claims, there are opposing viewpoints on the health benefits of soybeans.[14][15]
The gold standard for measuring protein quality, since 1990, is the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and by this criterion soy protein is the nutritional equivalent of meat, eggs, and casein for human growth and health. Soybean protein isolate has a biological value of 74, whole soybeans 96, soybean milk 91, and eggs 97.[16]
Soy protein is essentially identical to that of other legume seeds.[17][18][19] Moreover, soybeans can produce at least twice as much protein per acre than any other major vegetable or grain crop, 5 to 10 times more protein per acre than land set aside for grazing animals to make milk, and up to 15 times more protein per acre than land set aside for meat production.[5]
Consumption of soy may also reduce the risk of colon cancer, possibly due to the presence of sphingolipids.[20]
|Top Soybean Producers
in 2008
|(million metric tons)
|United States
|European Union
|World Total
UN Food & Agriculture Organisation
During World War II, soybeans became important in both North America and Europe chiefly as substitutes for other protein foods and as a source of edible oil. It was during World War II that the soybean was discovered as fertilizer by the United States Department of Agriculture. In the 1960-1 Dillion round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the United States secured tariff-free access for its soybeans to the European market. In the 1960s the United States exported over 90% of the world's soybeans.[21][22] In 2005, top soybeans exporters are Brazil (39% of world soybean exports), United States (37%) and Argentina ( 16%), while top importers are China (41% of world soybean imports), European Union (22%), Japan (6%) and Mexico (6%).[23]
Cultivation is successful in climates with hot summers, with optimum growing conditions in mean temperatures of 20 to 30 °C (68 to 86 °F); temperatures of below 20 °C and over 40 °C (68 °F, 104 °F) retard growth significantly. They can grow in a wide range of soils, with optimum growth in moist alluvial soils with a good organic content. Soybeans, like most legumes, perform nitrogen fixation by establishing a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum (syn. Rhizobium japonicum; Jordan 1982). However, for best results an inoculum of the correct strain of bacteria should be mixed with the soybean (or any legume) seed before planting. Modern crop cultivars generally reach a height of around 1 m (3.3 ft), and take 80–120 days from sowing to harvesting.
Soybeans are native to east Asia but only 45 percent of soybean production is located there. The other 55 percent of production is in the Americas. The U.S. produced 75 million tons of soybeans in 2000, of which more than one-third was exported. Other leading producers are Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, China, and India.
Environmental groups, such as Greenpeace and the WWF, have reported that soybean cultivation and the probability of increased soybean cultivation in Brazil has destroyed huge areas of Amazon rainforest and is encouraging further deforestation.[24][25]
American soil scientist Dr. Andrew McClung, who first showed that the ecologically biodiverse savannah of the Cerrado region of Brazil could grow profitable soybeans, was awarded the 2006 World Food Prize on October 19, 2006.[26]
Soybean plants are vulnerable to a wide range of bacterial diseases, fungal diseases, viral diseases and parasites.
Further information: List of soybean diseases
HistorySoybeans were a crucial crop in eastern Asia long before written records.[citation needed] They remain a major crop in China, Japan, and Korea. Prior to fermented products such as Soy sauce, tempeh, natto, and miso, soy was considered sacred for its use in crop rotation as a method of fixing nitrogen. The plants would be plowed under to clear the field for food crops.[citation needed] Soy was first introduced to Europe in the early 18th century and what is now the United States in 1765, where it was first grown for hay. Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter in 1770 mentioning sending soybeans home from England. Soybeans did not become an important crop outside of Asia until about 1910. In America, soy was considered an industrial product only and not used as a food prior to the 1920s. Soy was introduced to Africa from China in the late 19th Century and is now widespread across the continent.
AsiaThe wild ancestor of the soybean is Glycine soja (previously called G. ussuriensis), a legume native to central China.[27] The soybean has been used in China for 5,000 years as a food and a component of drugs. According to the ancient Chinese myth, in 2853 BC the legendary Emperor Shennong of China proclaimed that five plants were sacred: soybeans, rice, wheat, barley, and millet.[28] However, soy in particular was revered for its root structure as a means of crop rotation.[citation needed] Cultivation of soybeans was long confined chiefly to China, but gradually spread to other countries.[29][not in citation given]
The oldest preserved soybeans were found in archaeological sites in Korea dated about 1000 BCE, though it is uncertain if they were wild, or cultivated strains - though the size of cultivated beans, the main difference between the two is a genetic alteration that determines whether the wild pods burst to scatter seeds and neither feature could be determined from the remains. Wild-size soybeans have been found in the Yellow River basin of China.[30] Radiocarbon dating of soybean samples recovered through flotation during excavations at the Early Mumun period Okbang site in Korea indicates that soybean was cultivated as a food crop in ca. 1000–900 BC.[31]
From about the 1st century AD to the Age of Discovery (15-16th century), soybeans were introduced into several countries such as India, Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Burma, Taiwan and Nepal. This spread was due to the establishment of sea and land trade routes. The best current evidence on the Japanese Archipelago suggests that soybean cultivation occurred in the early Yayoi period. The earliest Japanese textual reference to the soybean is in the classic Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) which was completed in 712 AD.
Many people have claimed that soybeans in Asia were historically only used after a fermentation process, which lowers the high phytoestrogens content found in the raw plant. However, terms similar to "soy milk" have been in use since 82 AD,[32] and there is evidence of tofu consumption that dates to 220.[33]
United StatesSoybeans were introduced to America in 1765 by Samuel Bowen, a sailor who had visited China. He grew soy near Savanna, Georgia and even made soy sauce for sale to England.[34]
Soy took on a very important role in the United States after World War I. During the Great Depression, the drought stricken (Dust Bowl) regions of the United States were able to use soy to regenerate their soil because of its nitrogen-fixing properties. Farms were increasing production in order to meet with government demands, and Henry Ford was a great leader of the soybean industry.
In 1932-33 the Ford Motor Company spent approximately $1,250,000 on soybean research. By 1935 every Ford car had soy involved in its manufacture. For example, soybean oil was used to paint the automobiles[35] as well as fluid for shock absorbers. Ford's involvement with the soybean opened many doors for agriculture and industry to be linked more strongly than it ever had before.
Henry Ford promoted the soybean, helping to develop uses for it both in food and in industrial products, even demonstrating auto body panels made of soy-based plastics. Ford's interest led to two bushels of soybeans being used in each Ford car as well as products like the first commercial soy milk, ice cream and all-vegetable non-dairy whipped topping. The Ford development of so-called soy-based plastics was based on the addition of soybean flour and wood flour to phenol formaldehyde plastics.[36] A prototype vehicle, colloquially titled "The Soybean Car", was built in 1941 out of such plastics.[37]
In 1931, Ford hired chemists Robert Boyer and Frank Calvert to produce artificial silk. They succeeded in making a textile fiber of spun soy protein fibers, hardened or tanned in a formaldehyde bath, which was given the name Azlon by the Federal Trade Commission. It was usable in the making of suits, felt hats, and overcoats. Though pilot production of Azlon reached 5000 pounds per day in 1940, it never reached the commercial market; Dupont's nylon was the winner in the quest to produce artificial silk.
Ford himself wore a suit made entirely from soybeans, and he was even said to have had dinner parties with nothing but soybean-based foods on the menu.[citation needed]
South AmericaThe soybean first arrived in South America in Brazil in 1882.[38]
AfricaThe soybean first arrived in Africa in Egypt in 1857.[39]
Australia, New Zealand, and OceaniaWild soybeans were discovered in northeastern Australia in 1770 by explorers Banks and Solander. In 1804 the first soyfood product ("Fine India Soy" [sauce]) was sold in Sydney. In 1879 the first soybeans arrived in Australia, a gift of the Minister of the Interior Department, Japan.[40]
CanadaIn 1831 the first soy product ("A few dozen India Soy" [sauce]) arrived in Canada. Soybeans were probably first cultivated in Canada by 1855, and definitely in 1895 at Ontario Agricultural College. A comprehensive history of soy in Canada (1,060 p., 2,336 references) is available online.[41]
Caribbean / West IndiesThe soybean arrived in the Caribbean in the form of soy sauce made by Samuel Bown in Savannah, Georgia, in 1767. It remains only a minor crop there but its uses for human food are growing steadily. A comprehensive history of soybeans and soyfoods in this region is available free online [42]
Central AsiaThe soybean is first in cultivated Transcaucasia in Central Asia in 1876, by the Dungans. This region has never been important for soybean production. A comprehensive history of soybeans and soyfoods in this region is available online.[43]
Mexico and Central AmericaThe first reliable reference to the soybean in this region dates from Mexico in 1877. A comprehensive history of soybeans and soyfoods in this region is available online.[44]
Southeast AsiaBy the 13th century the soybean had arrived in Indonesia; it probably arrived much earlier, carried by traders or merchants from southern China.[45]
South Asia / Indian SubcontinentBy the 1600s, soy sauce was being disseminated from southern Japan throughout this region by the Dutch East India Co. (VOC). The soybean probably arrived from southern China, moving southward into northern India.[46]
Genetic modificationbiotech food" crops that have been genetically modified, and genetically modified soybeans are being used in an increasing number of products. In 1995 Monsanto Company introduced Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans that have been genetically modified to be resistant to Monsanto's herbicide Roundup through substitution of the Agrobacterium sp. (strain CP4) gene EPSP (5-enolpyruvyl shikimic acid-3-phosphate) synthase. The substituted version is not sensitive to glyphosate.[47]
In 1997, about 8% of all soybeans cultivated for the commercial market in the United States were genetically modified. In 2010, the figure was 93%.[48] As with other "Roundup Ready" crops, concern is expressed over damage to biodiversity.[49] However, the RR gene has been bred into so many different soybean cultivars that the genetic modification itself has not resulted in any decline of genetic diversity, as demonstrated by a 2003 study on genetic diversity.[50]
The widespread use of such types of GM soybeans in the Americas has caused problems with exports to some regions. GM crops require extensive certification before they can be legally imported into the European Union, where there is considerable supplier and consumer reluctance to use GM products for consumer or animal use. Difficulties with coexistence and subsequent traces of cross-contamination of non-GM stocks have caused shipments to be rejected and have put a premium on non-GM soy.[51]
A 2006 United States Department of Agriculture report found that the adoption of genetically engineered (GE) soy, corn and cotton reduced the amount of pesticides used overall, but did result in a slightly greater amount of herbicides used for soy specifically. The use of GE soy was also associated with greater conservation tillage, indirectly leading to better soil conservation, as well as increased income from off-farming sources due to the greater ease with which the crops can be managed. Most farmers adopted the GE crops to improve yields, save time and reduce the amount of money spent on pesticides. The use of GE soy also permits the use of a herbicide that is less toxic to humans. Though the overall estimated benefits of the adoption of GE soybeans in the United States was $310 million, the majority of this benefit was experienced by the companies selling the seeds (40%), followed by biotechnology firms (28%) and farmers (20%).[52]
In 2010, a team of American scientists announced they had decoded the genome of the soybean - the first legume to be sequenced.[53][54]
UsesSoybeans can be broadly classified as "vegetable" (garden) or field (oil) types. Vegetable types cook more easily, have a mild nutty flavor, better texture, are larger in size, higher in protein, and lower in oil than field types. Tofu and soy milk producers prefer the higher protein cultivars bred from vegetable soybeans originally brought to the United States in the late 1930s. The "garden" cultivars are generally not suitable for mechanical combine harvesting because there is a tendency for the pods to shatter upon reaching maturity.
Among the legumes, the soybean, also classed as an oilseed, is pre-eminent for its high (38–45%) protein content as well as its high (20%) oil content. Soybeans are the second most valuable agricultural export in the United States behind corn. The bulk of the soybean crop is grown for oil production, with the high-protein defatted and "toasted" soy meal used as livestock feed. A smaller percentage of soybeans are used directly for human consumption.
Immature soybeans may be boiled whole in their green pod and served with salt, under the Japanese name edamame (枝豆, edamame ). In English, these soybeans are generally known as "edamame" or "green vegetable soybeans."
In China, Japan, and Korea the bean and products made from the bean are a popular part of the diet. The Chinese invented tofu (豆腐 dòufu), and also made use of several varieties of soybean paste as seasonings. Japanese foods made from soya include miso (味噌), nattō (納豆), kinako (黄粉) and edamame (枝豆). In Korean cuisine, soybean sprouts, called kongnamul (콩나물), are also used in a variety of dishes, and are also the base ingredient in doenjang, cheonggukjang and ganjang. In Vietnam, soya bean are used to make soybean paste- tương in the North with the most popular products are tương Bần, tương Nam Đàn, tương Cự Đà as a garnish of phở dish and gỏi cuốn dish), tofu (đậu hũ or đậu phụ or tàu hũ), soya sauce (nước tương, literally: soya water), soya milk (nước đậu in the North or sữa đậu nành in the South), đậu hũ nước đường (tofu sweet soup).
The beans can be processed in a variety of ways. Common forms of soy (or soya) include soy meal, soy flour, soy milk, tofu, textured vegetable protein (TVP, which is made into a wide variety of vegetarian foods, some of them intended to imitate meat), tempeh, soy lecithin and soybean oil. Soybeans are also the primary ingredient involved in the production of soy sauce (or shoyu).
Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) is among the largest processors of soybeans and soy products. ADM along with Dow Chemical Company, DuPont and Monsanto Company support the industry trade associations United Soybean Board and Soyfoods Association of North America. These trade associations have increased the consumption of soy products dramatically in recent years.
Main article: Soybean oilSoybean seed contains about 19% oil. To extract soybean oil from seed, the soybeans are cracked, adjusted for moisture content, rolled into flakes and solvent-extracted with commercial hexane. The oil is then refined, blended for different applications, and sometimes hydrogenated. Soybean oils, both liquid and partially hydrogenated, are exported abroad, sold as "vegetable oil," or end up in a wide variety of processed foods. The remaining soybean meal is used mainly as animal feed.
Main article: Soybean mealSoybean meal is the material remaining after solvent extraction of oil from soybean flakes, with a 50% soy protein content. The meal is 'toasted' (a misnomer because the heat treatment is with moist steam) and ground in a hammer mill. Soybean meal is an essential element of the American production method of growing farm animals such as poultry and swine on an industrial scale that began in the 1930s; and more recently the aquaculture of catfish. Ninety-eight percent of the U.S. soybean crop is used for livestock feed.[27] Soybean meal is also used in lower end dog foods.
FlourSoy flour refers to defatted soybeans ground finely enough to pass through a 100-mesh or smaller screen where special care was taken during desolventizing (not toasted) in order to minimize denaturation of the protein to retain a high Protein Dispersibility Index (PDI), for uses such as extruder cooking of textured vegetable protein. It is the starting material for production of soy concentrate and soy protein isolate.
- Defatted soy flour is obtained from solvent extracted flakes, and contains less than 1% oil.
- Full-fat soy flour is made from unextracted, dehulled beans, and contains about 18% to 20% oil. Due to its high oil content a specialized Alpine Fine Impact Mill must be used for grinding rather than the more common hammer mill.
- Low-fat soy flour is made by adding back some oil to defatted soy flour. The lipid content varies according to specifications, usually between 4.5% and 9%.
- High-fat soy flour can also be produced by adding back soybean oil to defatted flour at the level of 15%.
- Lecithinated soy flour is made by adding soybean lecithin to defatted, low-fat or high-fat soy flours to increase their dispersibility and impart emulsifying properties. The lecithin content varies up to 15%.
Infant formulaSoy-based infant formula (SBIF) is used for infants who are allergic to pasteurized cow milk proteins. It is sold in powdered, ready-to-feed, and concentrated liquid forms.
Some reviews have expressed the opinion that more research is needed to determine what effect the phytoestrogens in soybeans may have on infants.[55] Diverse studies have concluded there are no adverse effects in human growth, development, or reproduction as a result of the consumption of soy-based infant formula.[56][57][58] One of these studies, published in the Journal of Nutrition,[58] concludes that there are:
...no clinical concerns with respect to nutritional adequacy, sexual development, neurobehavioral development, immune development, or thyroid disease. SBIFs provide complete nutrition that adequately supports normal infant growth and development. FDA has accepted SBIFs as safe for use as the sole source of nutrition.
Meat and dairy substitutes and extendersdairy product substitutes (e.g., soy milk, margarine, soy ice cream, soy yogurt, soy cheese, and soy cream cheese) and meat substitutes (e.g. veggie burgers). These substitutes are readily available in most supermarkets. Soy milk does not naturally contain significant amounts of digestible calcium. Many manufacturers of soy milk sell calcium-enriched products as well. Soy is also used in tempeh: the beans (sometimes mixed with grain) are fermented into a solid cake.
Soy products also are used as a low cost substitute in meat and poultry products.[59][60] Food service, retail and institutional (primarily school lunch and correctional) facilities regularly use such "extended" products. Extension may result in diminished flavor, but fat and cholesterol are reduced. Vitamin and mineral fortification can be used to make soy products nutritionally equivalent to animal protein; the protein quality is already roughly equivalent. The soy-based meat substitute textured vegetable protein has been used for more than 50 years as a way of inexpensively extending ground beef without reducing its nutritional value.[2][5][61][62]
Other productsSoybeans are the bean used in Chinese fermented black beans, douchi, not the sometimes confused black turtle beans.
Soybeans are also used in industrial products including oils, soap, cosmetics, resins, plastics, inks, crayons, solvents, and clothing. Soybean oil is the primary source of biodiesel in the United States, accounting for 80% of domestic biodiesel production.[63] Soybeans have also been used since 2001 as fermenting stock in the manufacture of a brand of vodka.[64]
Cattle feedCattle are often fed soy. Spring grasses are rich in Omega-3 fatty acids whereas soy is predominantly Omega-6.
Health benefits
Omega-3 fatty acidsOmega-3 fatty acids, for example, alpha-linolenic acid C18-3, all cis, 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic acid (where the omega-3 refers to carbon number 3 counting from the hydrocarbon tail whereas C-15 refers to carbon number 15 counting from the carboxyl acid head) are special fat components that benefit many body functions. However, the effects which are beneficial to health are associated mainly with the longer-chain, more unsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) found in fish oil and oily fish. For instance, EPA and DHA, inhibit blood clotting, while there is no evidence that alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n−3, aLNA) can do this. Soybean oil is one of the few common vegetable oils that contain a significant amount of aLNA (others include canola, walnut, hemp, and flax). However, soybean oil does not contain EPA or DHA. Soybean oil does contain significantly greater amount of omega-6 fatty acids in the oil: 100 g of soybean oil contains 7 g of omega-3 fatty acids to 51 g of omega-6: a ratio of 1:7. Flaxseed, in comparison, has an omega-3:omega-6 ratio of 3:1.
Main article: IsoflavoneSoybeans also contain the isoflavones genistein and daidzein, types of phytoestrogen, that are considered by some dietitians and physicians to be useful in the prevention of cancer and by others to be carcinogenic[65] and endocrine disruptive.[66][67] Soy's content of isoflavones are as much as 3 mg/g dry weight.[citation needed] Isoflavones are polyphenol compounds, produced primarily by beans and other legumes, including peanuts and chickpeas. Isoflavones are closely related to the antioxidant flavonoids found in other plants, vegetables and flowers. Isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein are found in only some plant families, because most plants do not have an enzyme, chalcone isomerase which converts a flavone precursor into an isoflavone.
In contradiction to well known benefits of isoflavones, genistein acts as an oxidant (stimulating nitrate synthesis),[68] and blocks formation of new blood vessels (antiangiogenic effect).[69] Some studies show that genistein acts as inhibitor of substances that regulate cell division and cell survival (growth factors).
A review of the available studies by the United States Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found little evidence of substantial health improvements and no adverse effects, but also noted that there was no long-term safety data on estrogenic effects from soy consumption.[70]
Cholesterol reductionThe dramatic increase in soyfood sales is largely credited to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of soy as an official cholesterol-lowering food, along with other heart and health benefits.[71] A 2001 literature review argued that these health benefits were poorly supported by the available evidence, and noted that disturbing data on soy's effect on the cognitive function of the elderly existed.[72] In 2008, an epidemiological study of 719 Indonesian elderly found that tofu intake was associated with worse memory, but tempeh (a fermented soy product) intake was associated with better memory.[73] This study replicated other studies.
In 1995, the New England Journal of Medicine (Vol. 333, No. 5) published-Title- "Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids",[74][75] financed by DuPont Protein Technologies International (PTI), which produces and markets soy through The Solae Company. The meta-analysis concluded that soy protein is correlated with significant decreases in serum cholesterol, LDL (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides. However, HDL(good cholesterol) did not increase by a significant amount. Soy phytoestrogens (isoflavones: genistein and daidzein) adsorbed onto the soy protein were suggested as the agent reducing serum cholesterol levels. On the basis of this research PTI filed a petition with FDA in 1998 for a health claim that soy protein may reduce cholesterol and the risk of heart disease.
The FDA granted the following health claim for soy: "25 grams of soy protein a day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease."[76] One serving, (1 cup or 240 mL) of soy milk, for instance, contains 6 or 7 grams of soy protein. Solae resubmitted their original petition, asking for a more vague health claim, after their original was challenged and highly criticized. Solae also submitted a petition for a health claim that soy can help prevent cancer. They quickly withdrew the petition for lack of evidence and after more than 1,000 letters of protest were received. On February 18, 2008 Weston A. Price Foundation submitted a petition for removal of this health claim.[77]
An American Heart Association review of a decade long study of soy protein benefits casts doubt on the FDA allowed "Heart Healthy" claim for soy protein and does not recommend isoflavone supplementation. The review panel also found that soy isoflavones have not been shown to reduce post menopause "hot flashes" in women and the efficacy and safety of isoflavones to help prevent cancers of the breast, uterus or prostate is in question.[65]
Phytic acid
Main article: Phytic acidSoybeans contain a high level of phytic acid, which has many effects including acting as an antioxidant and a chelating agent. The beneficial claims for phytic acid include reducing cancer,[78] minimizing diabetes,[79] and reducing inflammation.[80] However, phytic acid is also criticized for reducing vital minerals due to its chelating effect, especially for diets already low in minerals.[81]
Health risks
Main article: Soy allergyAllergy to soy is common, and the food is listed with other foods that commonly cause allergy, such as milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish. The problem has been reported among younger children and the diagnosis of soy allergy is often based on symptoms reported by parents and/or results of skin tests or blood tests for allergy. Only a few reported studies have attempted to confirm allergy to soy by direct challenge with the food under controlled conditions.[82] It is very difficult to give a reliable estimate of the true prevalence of soy allergy in the general population. To the extent that it does exist, soy allergy may cause cases of urticaria and angioedema, usually within minutes to hours of ingestion. In rare cases, true anaphylaxis may also occur. The reason for the discrepancy is likely that soy proteins, the causative factor in allergy, are far less potent at triggering allergy symptoms than the proteins of peanut and shellfish.[83] An allergy test that is positive demonstrates that the immune system has formed IgE antibodies to soy proteins. However, this is only a factor when soy proteins reach the blood without being digested, in sufficient quantities to reach a threshold to provoke actual symptoms.
Soy can also trigger symptoms via food intolerance, a situation where no allergic mechanism can be proven. One scenario is seen in very young infants who have vomiting and diarrhoea when fed soy-based formula, which resolves when the formula is withdrawn. Older infants can suffer a more severe disorder with vomiting, diarrhoea that may be bloody, anemia, weight loss and failure to thrive. The most common cause of this unusual disorder is a sensitivity to cow's milk, but soy formulas can also be the trigger. The precise mechanism is unclear and it could be immunologic, although not through the IgE-type antibodies that have the leading role in urticaria and anaphylaxis. Fortunately it is also self-limiting and will often disappear in the toddler years.[84]
Main article: PhytoestrogensSoybeans contain isoflavones called genistein and daidzein, which are one source of phytoestrogens in the human diet. Because most naturally occurring estrogenic substances show weak activity, normal consumption of foods that contain these phytoestrogens should not provide sufficient amounts to elicit a physiological response in humans.[85]
Plant lignans associated with high fiber foods such as cereal brans and beans are the principal precursor to mammalian lignans which have an ability to bind to human estrogen sites. Soybeans are a significant source of mammalian lignan precursor secoisolariciresinol containing 13–273 µg/100 g dry weight.[86] Another phytoestrogen in the human diet with estrogen activity is coumestans, which are found in beans, split-peas, with the best sources being alfalfa, clover, and soybean sprouts. Coumestrol, an isoflavone coumarin derivative is the only coumestan in foods.[87][88]
Soybeans and processed soy foods are among the richest foods in total phytoestrogens (wet basis per 100g), which are present primarily in the form of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein.[89]
WomenA 2001 literature review suggested that women with current or past breast cancer should be aware of the risks of potential tumor growth when taking soy products, based on the effect of phytoestrogens to promote breast cancer cell growth in animals.[90] A 2006 commentary reviewed the relationship with soy and breast cancer. They stated that soy may prevent breast cancer, but cautioned that the impact of isoflavones on breast tissue needs to be evaluated at the cellular level in women at high risk for breast cancer.[91] A high consumption of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are found in most types of vegetable oil including soybean oil, may increase the likelihood that postmenopausal women will develop breast cancer.[92] Another analysis suggests an inverse association between total polyunsaturated fatty acids and breast cancer risk.[93] A 2011 analysis of the literature concluded that:- "Our study suggests soy isoflavones intake is associated with a significant reduced risk of breast cancer incidence in Asian populations, but not in Western populations."[94]
MenBecause of the phytoestrogen content, some studies have suggested that soybean ingestion may influence testosterone levels in men. However, a 2010 meta analysis of 15 placebo controlled studies showed that neither soy foods nor isoflavone supplements alter measures of bioavailable testosterone concentrations in men [95] It has been hypothesized that soy foods and enterolactone may increase the development of prostate cancer although no significant associations were observed for the soy isoflavones.[96] Furthermore, soy consumption has been shown to have no effect on the levels and quality of sperm [97]A 2009 meta-analysis of the research on the association between soy consumption and prostate cancer risk in men concluded that,"consumption of soy foods is associated with a reduction in prostate cancer risk in men."[98]
BrainThere is evidence that estrogen can help protect and repair the brain after injury, and it has been suggested that the phytoestrogens in soy may have a similar effect though this is controversial and there is also evidence that phytoestrogens may be harmful for the recovery of rats that have sustained brain injury.[99] A study of Japanese men between 1965 and 1999 demonstrated a positive correlation between brain atrophy and consumption of tofu.[100] A study on elderly Indonesian men and women found that tempeh consumption was independently related to better memory.[73]
CarcinogenicityThough raw soy flour is known to cause pancreatic cancer in rats[101] the cooked flour has not been found carcinogenic.[102][103] Whether soy might promote pancreatic cancer in humans is unknown because studies have not yet attempted to single out soy intake and the incidence of pancreatic cancer in humans, and the amount of soy fed to the rats is proportionately far larger than what humans would normally consume. However, the soy isoflavone genistein has been suggested as a chemopreventive agent against pancreatic cancer, by interfering with the chemical pathways that promote the creation and growth of tumors.[104]
The Cancer Council of New South Wales, Australia has released a statement saying scientific research suggests that overall the moderate consumption of soy products does not appear to present a risk to women with breast cancer, and there is equivocal evidence that consuming large amounts of soy products may have a protective effect against developing breast and prostate cancer. However, the Council does not recommend taking soy dietary supplements as there is no evidence they are either effective or safe at preventing or treating cancers.[105]
Soybean futuresSoybean futures are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade and have delivery dates in January (F), March (H), May (K), July (N), August (Q), September (U), November (X).[106]
It is also traded on other commodity futures exchanges under different contract specifications:
- SAFEX: The South African Futures Exchange[107]
- DC: Dalian Commodity Exchange[108]
- KEX: Kansai Commodities Exchange in Japan[109]
- TGE: Tokyo Grain Exchange in Japan[110]
- KCX: Fukuoka Commodity Exchange in Japan that was absorbed by the KEX


text:
Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 - Path Accent Folder Does Not Exist
Last updated on FEBRUARY 20, 2018
Applies to:Oracle WebCenter Content - Version 22.214.171.124.0 and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.
WebCenter Content 220.127.116.11
With Microsoft Internet Browser 11
After creating a folder with an accent character.
For example: "Atencións"
Expanding the Browse Content folder directory can display the folder "Atención"
However Clicking on the Folder to view its content generated the error:
Content Server Request Failed
path:/Users/weblogic/atenciAn does not exist
Issue is not reproducible with previous version of Microsoft Internet Explorer browser.
Upgraded to Microsoft Internet Explorer browser 11
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Replies : 1 Last Post : November 16, 2016 (Wed) 09:13:31
Posted on : November 05, 2016 (Sat) 00:33:28
by Wang Busheng
Dear KKR Administrator,
The scf and dos-calculations of Pt0.7Fe0.3 have been done, and I get the DOS informations in dos output file.
The total DOS is the "total" density of states of the material, DOS of component 1, 2 are partial DOS for the Pt and Fe in my calculation, right ?
I plot total DOS together with DOS of Pt and Fe.
What make me confused is that, the DOS of Fe is much stronger even than the total DOS in some energy region.
1.The total DOS is the total density of states per Cell or per Atom? What about the DOS of component (Pt, Fe), per Cell or per Atom?
3. What makes DOS of component stronger than the total DOS ?
Any comments for this problem will be greatly appreciated.
[Re:01] DOS
Posted on : November 16, 2016 (Wed) 09:13:31
by Administrator
Dear Wang,
the total DOS is the DOS per unit cell. The partial DOS (or local DOS) is the DOS within a some region. As a default, it is within a muffin-tin sphere. If you use ASA (atomic sphere approximation), it would be within a volume filling atomic sphere. Thus, the local DOS has completely a different meaning from the total DOS. However, the average (weighted by the concentration, e.g. 0.7 and 0.3) of the local DOS will be approximately (normally less than) the total DOS.
KKR administrator
For security reasons, we have renewed the AkaiKKR website. Now, you need your account to send a message to BBS. If you do not have an account yet, please register.


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I and my clients say great thank you for this trip. Clients enjoyed it much, and especially they say thank you for the Russian speaking guides - they were communicating, friendly, helpful, real professional ones. They made more than my clients excepted from them. Give the best wishes for them!
It total, everything was great. Thanks again and hope to cooperate with you in the future. Have a nice weekend!
J. S. - Director of Branch Office
Travel Company Europe
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Features: The Chinese Province of Sichuan, is a huge, fertile basin surrounded by high mountains which cut it off from the rest of the country. Sichuan is well-known for many things including Giant Pandas and heavily spicy food, but among tea lovers this province in southwest China is most famous for being the birthplace of Chinese Tea. To many, the Tibetan foothills of Western Sichuan remains a secret on popular tea maps. Here at Splendid China Tours, your ultimate Sichuan Tea Expedition begins.
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Features: Chinese people are drinking tea for nearly 5,000 years. Chinese tea is a culture and tea drinking has been an integral part of Chinese daily life. Our China Tea Tour will introduce you one of the most popular Chinese Tea production Regions - Wuyi Shan (Mt.Wuyi), the birthplace of Chinese Wulong (Oolong) Tea and Black Tea. In this tour you will learn Chinese tea culture, having special tea factory tours, tea tastings, tea garden excursions, and enjoy exhilarating tea ceremonies. The tour is sure to give you a lifetime memories both for tea professionals and novice tea lovers.
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I came across this quote yesterday, and I really felt like it was fitting for where we are right now. This summer has been really busy and somewhat difficult in a number of ways. Don't get me wrong; we have seen a lot of encouraging things through our church plant. We have seen a lot of spiritual growth in individual members, and we are excited about the months ahead as we settle back into our normal rhythms for the fall and gear up for a possible launch in the winter. And God has been faithful {as He always is} to provide for us.
But it feels like we have been in a season of hearing "no" which has really started to wear on both of us. Whether it was not the answers we wanted to hear about insurance/medication cost, Mike's job not yielding the results that we feel match his efforts, or me battling sickness off and on that has resulted in more "not well" days than "well" ones...it has just been a difficult few months on a personal level.
We were talking this week about how we know the right things to say to ourselves: God works all things out for our good. He has a better plan for us than we have for ourselves. He will provide. He just wants our faithful obedience. But in seasons like these, it is really hard to believe those things to be true. We know they are, but for some reason the encouragement that comes from those truths takes a little longer to fill and nourish our souls.
Through the frustration and the disappointment, Mike has really led us well in still giving praise to Jesus for who He is and how He takes care of us. We may not understand the how or why behind the "no's" but it's important for us to continue reminding ourselves of the above truths. Just because they are harder to see/believe in the midst of our circumstances doesn't make them any less true. God is still good.
Today, I take comfort in the above quote. I say "thank you, Jesus" for knowing what's best for us and protecting us from less than that.


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I was taking the congregation through the life of Simon Peter and his relationship with Jesus.Throughout Christ's ministry on earth we see Simon Peter as a fallible human being showing streaks of genious,impetuos and blatantly short of most things expected of him.Yet when Jesus' appears to the disciples after the crucification he leaves the ministry of reconcilliation to Peter,firstly by reconciling him to himself and then to the greater ministry of God.He asks Peter the pertinant question -'Do you love me?'.When Peter says he does,he asks Peter to look after his sheep.
He could have asked this question to Peter just before he was crucified,after all what is more important to man than his life .
The fact that Christ had the question for Peter at that juncture, points towards the importance the events that were to follow after the crucification had for the Christ -the ministry was more important than anything that we as human beings deem important in our lives today.
Do we like Christ have that clarity?Do we deem the the ministry of reconciliation the most important part of our lives,more than life itself?
'If you love me-feed my lambs....'...was what jesus told Peter.
In that all important time of decision in our lives may the voice of Christ reach out to us asking that very pertinant question -do you love me ?May we be able to hold our heads high ,look at the face of Christ and say-'I do lord! and mean it.


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Its critical Initially to ascertain what you have got, what type of policy. If its TPD as well as your at some phase potentially likely back to operate the plan is for TOTAL PERMAMANET DISABILITY and Which means not going back to work.
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It's a smart idea to Speak to a finance or tax professional and experience your coverage and your situation so you are aware of in which you stand. Your lawyer may additionally have the ability to recommend you (i.e. concession taxation)
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A lot of injured employees don't realize that their (and most) Tremendous funds include insurance plan policy, which is frequently 'concealed' from the fantastic print, and which will protect an hurt worker in the event that they become incapacitated.
Total and Permanent Disability (TPD) If you haven't worked for a minimum of six months so you are Unwell or hurt (by way of example, spinal injury from a place of work accident, mental sickness or brain injuries), you may be entitled to the TPD insurance reward. For example, spinal personal injury from a workplace accident, psychological health issues or brain injury.
In certain guidelines total disability would not indicate struggling to perform in any respect – it may possibly basically mean that you will be precluded from carrying out many of the important responsibilities of your respective work. If you're click able to nevertheless work but are on restricted responsibilities click and that is costing you dollars, You then may be able to declare.
She was actually unawares with the policy for TPD, total permanent disability and was of your perspective the compact loan security she had with the automobile wouldn't be paid both. Very little like a excellent dose of melancholy !! Perfectly both were being paid.
For those who have stopped Performing therefore you are no longer insured, you may still be capable to come up with a claim againts your super plan/coverage. The only thing that matters is whether or not you were being insured any time you experienced your injury or if you very last worked.
total permanent disability superannuation - An Overview
Its critical Initially to ascertain what you have got, what type of policy. If its TPD as well as your at some phase potentially likely back to operate the plan is for TOTAL PERMAMANET DISABILITY and Which means not going back to work.