text:
In Cullen Murphy's work, Are We Rome?: The Fall of an Empire and the Fate of America (2007), the author contemplates the title upon a trip through Ireland in which she witnesses the mobile seat of the Executive Branch of the United States government.[1] President George W. Bush was visiting the Emerald Isle and had parked Air Force One and all the accompanying architecture that makes the National Command Authority on the move possible. The comparison of America to Rome is one that is often made. "Obviously, the emergence of America as the world's sole superpower, and the troubles it has encountered in that role, explain much of the revival of the Roman Empire in the American imagination."[2]
Vaclav Smil counters Murphy's claim in his own book on the subject, Why America is Not a New Rome (2010).[3] Though Smil argues against the claim of the United States as an Empire, his acknowledgement of the question shows how the topic of world powers can grab the attention of world observers. And when one looks back into history, one can see how the comparison can fit, if only in the fact that the Roman Empire and the post-Soviet United States were without equal in world power and dominance in almost every quantifiable manner.
How did states like the Roman Empire and the United States of America rise in power? How did the same Roman Empire fall? History is replete with the ascendency and collapse of empires. Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, Abbasside, Ottoman, Habsburg Spain and Austria, France, Britain, and Russia are but a few of the major world powers who experienced this cycle of ascendency and collapse. This essay seeks to explore the commonalities of why powers become powers and how they fall. It will first disclose the common factors shared by powers in their rise and then will explain reasons for their decline. Furthermore, the factors will be listed in order of importance.
Commonalities of Nations in the Ascendency
The first factor is that of competition. Historian and Yale Professor Paul Kennedy cites the competition inherent between the decentralized European states from the time of the Reformation to the beginning of the first World War as the main reason for the European dominance over the East. In the rise of the West from about the 1500s, "there was a dynamic involved, driven chiefly by economic and technological advances."[4] The very geography of Europe was key, with its large forests and mountain ranges encouraging smaller, more compact and separate societies; also the numerous navigable rivers leading to the seas practically encompassing its mass, attracting trade and increasing interaction led inexorably to a decentralization and fierce competitiveness between the peoples of Europe.[5]
This competition manifested itself in three dimensions: economic, political/military, and religious. When the numerous, geographically separate societies plied their trade, they inevitably ran into each-other and competed over the varying resources being traded as well as the logistic routes used for such trade. The prosperity spurred by this bustling trade was further enhanced by the development of tools with which to conduct business. "Regular long-distance exchanges of wares in turn encouraged the growth of bills of exchange, a credit system, and banking on an international scale. The very existence of mercantile credit, and then of bills of insurance, pointed to a basic predictability of economic conditions which private traders had hitherto rarely, if ever, enjoyed anywhere in the world."[6] In Columbus' case, the very desire to control and master the spice trade led to the 'discovery' of the New World.
The economic competition naturally coincided with political/military struggles over the control and mastery of the various sectors of the markets. Centers of power sprung up at the major ports of entry, at major cross-roads throughout Europe, and along-side the way-points of the navigable rivers traversing the country-side. Again due to the geography and distance separating the population centers, large areas were difficult to maintain singular, centralized control over. This is not to say lords, barons, and other royalty did not attempt to amass holdings; they certainly did. When they did, this resulted in the many small-scale military conflicts that contributed to the success overall of the continent. This "decentralization of power in Europe, … above all else, … engender[ed] a primitive form of arms race among the city-states and then the larger kingdoms."[7] The constant low-level warfare and threat of warfare spurred technological development that far outpaced the rest of the world. This perpetual arms race in some ways brought about the industrial age.
The last component of the competition factor is one of religion. The constant competition between the Catholic Church and the secular government culminated in the ultimate separation of civil government from that of religious rule. "Both [Paul and Christ] had … drawn a clear distinction between the Church and the state, between the spiritual and the secular … intended by Christ to indicate just how clearly his kingdom was 'not of this world.'"[8] The drive of the Catholic Church to assert its authority over all aspects of life was one component that lead to the great upheaval of the Reformation. Its impact cannot be underemphasized. If the abundance of independent economic, political, and military powerhouses strewn across Europe was not enough to promote a vibrant competition, the divisive nature of the rift between the Catholic Church and the protesters of the Reformation gave it added impetus. One could argue that the polarizing nature of the division between Protestant and Catholic and its eventual fall into geographic boundaries was one of the elements that promoted the cohesion of large nation-states like Catholic Habsburg Spain and Austria, and France; and the Protestant German states and the Low Countries. One could further argue that this division along geographic borders and the galvanizing force they produced within those borders led to the fervent nationalism of the 1800s and 1900s.
The second factor is that of scholarship. By the 1500s, it could be accurately said that parity between East and West in technological know-how and scholasticism had been reached. Prior to these times, the science of the Chinese and the Arabs had been unparalleled. The very foundational basis for modern science as developed by the Greeks had been exported to the East by Alexander, the Ptolemies, and the Seleucids. This basis was expanded upon and used to great effect by militant, but visionary leaders in the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates in their take-over of North Africa, Spain, and in its subsequent defense against the Western Crusades. "Certainly in some parts of Asia the level of scientific knowledge was no lower than in Europe – after all, Western knowledge of mathematics was mainly Arabic in origin – but in Asia, unlike Europe, there was no connection at all between science and technics, which meant that scientific results were not tested by experimental technology."[9] The rise of the Islamic East coincided with the decline of scholasticism in the West following the collapse of the Roman Empire. But as secular forces began to rebel against the close-mindedness of the Catholic Church (who it could be argued kept its populace ignorant in order to maintain control over those whom it influenced), it opened the door to a renewed pursuit of knowledge, birthing the Renaissance.
Those who decry 'Eurocentrism' as if it were some distasteful prejudice have a problem: the Scientific Revolution was, by any scientific measure, wholly Eurocentric. An astonishingly high proportion of the key figures – around 80 percent – originated in a hexagon bounded by Glasgow, Copenhagen, Krakow, Naples, Marseille, and Plymouth, and nearly all the rest were born within a hundred miles of that area.[10]
The rule of law is a crucial third factor of successful states. The separation of religion from government, and in particular, law is a fundamental factor in Western society.
Roman law begins with the Twelve Tables, … composed between 451 and 450 B.C.E. in an attempt to put an end to the manipulation of the law by the priests and patricians. The effect of these was to ensure that henceforth all customary law would be given a legislative basis and enacted by statute. They also ensured that in the Roman world, and subsequently throughout all of the West from Britain to the United States, the law would be secular and independent, despite many subsequent attempts to interfere with it, of divine command.[11]
A foundational principal of enterprise is the rule of law; unfettered and unencumbered by the arbitrary edict of a tyrannical potentate. The ability of the businessman to privately, independently plan and execute his business practices in a predictable environment can only exist in a society governed by the rule of law. The absence of religious diktat also allowed for the law to change reflecting societal developments. And the eventual establishment of democratic forms of government gave the ability to the people to further amend the law as necessary. Currently, the rule of law with respect to natural rights separates powerful nations from third world dictatorships.[12]
The fourth factor is trade and exploration. One of the biggest reasons for the rapid decline of the Ottoman Empire in contrast to its Western European competitors was the relative lack of competition posed by the Ottomans in the arena of exploration for commercial purposes. The technology born out of necessity for trans-Atlantic voyages, built sturdy ships with multiple cannon to keep privateers and rival nationalities at bay. The Western Europeans produced war-ships that far-outmatched the Ottoman vessels which were built for solely navigating the far milder waters of the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. This had the result of confining the Ottomans to land, effectively sandwiching them in between Hapsburg Austria, Hungary, the advancing Russian Empire, and the Persians.[13]
The exploration, subsequent colonization, and exploitation of new resources greatly increased the participants' military and economic power. Within a meager 150 years, Spain, Portugal, France, and Britain had colonies and trading posts strewn throughout North America, South America, Africa, the subcontinent, and Asia.
The fifth factor is that of the investment apparatus developed by the powers in the West. The aforementioned factors that produced the thriving capitalism complete with lines of credit and banking, attracted both private and public investment. Columbus' plan of discovering a shorter trade route to the spice markets of India was only made possible by the significant investment of the Spanish monarchy. The rise of trade businesses like the Dutch East India Company, and the British East India Company in the 1600s and 1700s allowed private investors the opportunity to increase wealth, as well as finance the aforementioned exploration and trade ventures beyond the European mainland.
As previously alluded to, the sixth factor to be examined is that of religion. Christian universalism, however unsavory in practice in today's understanding, had a tremendous impact upon the success of the Western powers. The explorers and conquerors of the Americas were motivated not only by the profit potential of their exploits, but also by an often misguided belief in the inevitability of Christian universalism: the belief that the entirety of the globe will one day come to accept the gospel of Jesus Christ, and that human-kind could hasten the second coming of Christ by forcefully converting the heathen to Christianity. This belief is one that is similar to the contemporary, fundamentalist Islamic world-view of a universalism in which the entire world submits to the will of Allah as explained by his prophet Muhammad. "In the spirit of St. Paul, Christian universalism, we have suggested, was supracultural, transhistorical. As a deduction from its premises, it could foster expansion out from lands already Christian to newly discovered lands of potentially Christian souls. Confucian universalism, however, was supremely cultural, rooted in a Chinese culture that was an absolute."[14]
The last factors, more minor in nature, can be covered very briefly. The first of these minor one is the concept of citizenship. Developed by Rome, the idea that a common individual had a share, or a stake in the state in which he or she dwelt, was a completely foreign one for much of history. This sense of national or imperial identity was far different than the previous associations with one's city or small province. "Citizenship, in its modern form, was a Roman creation, and it has had more influence on shaping the civic values of the Western world than almost any other."[15]
The next minor factor is somewhat controversial. A liberal administration of occupied lands is a shared aspect of many states in the ascendency. While it could be equally argued that a vast, colonial empire is one of the indicators of imminent demise, while they are being administered, the successful states always seem to show a leniency and measure of accommodation to the colonized peoples. Rome is one example of this. "No one wished to see it end. The fall of Rome has been attributed to many causes. But the kind of hatred that many subject peoples have felt for their imperial overlords was only rarely one of them. The 'barbarians' who eventually destroyed the empire did so from within. They did not wish to bring an end to Roman rule so much as to appropriate a sizable share of it for themselves."[16] Similarly, French colonial rule in areas where they conferred French citizenship to their colonial people had far better outcomes than the British models in her empire. Senegal and other West African Francophone countries still enjoy a mutually beneficial relationship with her former colonial master.[17]
Commonalities of Nations in Decline
The first factor of nations in decline is that of Imperial over-reach. Imperial Rome, Habsburg Spain and Austria, the British Empire, Alexandrian Greece, Nazi Germany, and some would say the contemporary United States are all exemplars of this factor. The Roman Empire was overrun became she became unable to provide for her own defense due to the massive amount of territory in which it had to garrison forces. Its predecessor, Greece, after Alexander's demise, was unable to centrally administer her holdings, and fractured almost immediately along geographic lines amongst Alexander's four successors. The British, of course are but the most recent example. After essentially bankrupting herself in the Second World War, she became unable and her people weary of providing the necessary forces to quell near simultaneous uprisings in India, East Africa, and other African colonies.
At one point Imperial Spain covered the entirety of the Iberian Peninsula, the Lowlands, Austria, portions of Hungary, Sardinia, Sicily, Naples, and portions of Bohemia. Through marriage, the Habsburgs had essentially inherited a wide and disparate swath of the European continent. Their ability to maintain, administer, and as later paragraphs will detail, wage wars in several locations concurrently, severely stretched the capabilities of the governing systems. In the age in which communication depended upon the speed of a coach or a rider, maintaining a centralized control over such a vast and separated territory made the entire situation untenable after a period of time. This inability to manage an Empire from one location was tacitly acknowledged in the late 1500s in Charles V essentially splitting the Empire by bequeathing the Spanish half to his son Phillip II while maintaining the administration of the Eastern half from Vienna.[18]
The second factor is that of the mass-centralization of power. Nearly every state outside of post 1500-Europe has practiced this. It is a natural tendency of human being to amass as much power as possible and keep a close hold on it. Even from the beginning of recorded history, the absolute centralization of power has been an indicator to the downfall of a major power. In ancient Egypt from 1500 to 1000 B.C. "legislation seems to have been a function of the Pharaoh alone; he does not appear to have delegated it to any other person or group."[19] Although the "administration and judicial work was delegated", its nature was "strictly authoritarian, from the top downward, from the Pharaoh to the highest officers of the state and from them to their subordinates."[20]
The centralization of power is not so much of a positive action taken by those who practice it, but a natural expression of human nature. It is the direct inverse of the competition factor explained in the first part of this essay.
The third factor shared by states in decline is that of self-imposed isolation. Imperial China and Japan are prime examples of this factor. Imperial China raised much of their revenue by its tributary system in which subjected localities would pay moneys to the Emperor on a regular basis. This meager sum could never provide the court with the kind of income it needed to provide for administration of the country. "It must not be assumed that the Chinese Court made a profit out of tribute. The imperial gifts bestowed in return were usually more valuable than the tribute. Chinese statesmen before the latter part of the nineteenth century would have ridiculed the notion that national finance and wealth should be or could be promoted by means of international trade."[21]
Using this centralization, there was a distinct effort made by the ruling dynasties to protect their own holdings from outside political threats. Though mostly successful, at times revolution did occur, but they were not marked by success. "[The Chinese society] was a society in which the landed bureaucracy, by a combination of threat and lure, could always … make abortive the revolutionary impulse in proto-capitalist elements, a society always open to rebellion or invasion but not to revolution. … Successful usurpation of the throne or successful invasion simply meant a different tax-receiver, not an altered social order."[22]
Additionally, the desire to shut off the Japanese society from Christian missionary influence had the harmful side effect of shutting down international trade and effectively isolating Japan from the rest of the world.[23] This self-imposed banishment from interaction kept the Chinese and Japanese peoples' from the natural advancement that takes place from the free exchange of ideas, business, and simple exposure to new and exciting things.
Particularly with the Ottoman Empire, Islam, "profoundly convinced of its own superiority and self-sufficiency" isolated itself by refusing to entertain outside influences from both Renaissance and Enlightenment Europe.[24] Pagden demonstrates this effectively in describing the misadventure of Bonaparte's attempts to colonize Egypt on behalf of France in the late eighteenth century.
In every encounter… between a secularized European West and an Islamic East … [in which] both sides hold that their values and, more fundamentally, their understanding of how the universe operates, applies equally to all humankind. But whereas in the West, that understanding is assumed to be something humans have arrived at for themselves by the application of reason and without any direct assistance from any deity, in Islam, the only universal truths – the only truths of any kind – have to come from the word of God.[25]
Napoleon, in a conference with local Egyptian religio-political leaders "asked if the Qur'an could tell one how to cast cannons. 'All the sheiks replied emphatically, "Yes."' (Later, in 1883, an exiled Egyptian intellectual called Sayyid Jamal ad-Din, known as al-Afghani, suggested that such things as railroads, the modern principles of economics and taxation, and germ theory had all been foreseen in the Qur'an.)"[26]
The fourth factor, and one that is closely related to the first, is that of excessive war drying up capitol. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Habsburg Empire waged numerous, localized wars. From 1560 to 1648, they unsuccessfully attempted to put down the Protestant insurgency in the Netherlands, from 1618 to 1648, they were on the losing end of a "great multidimensional conflict … against successive coalitions of enemy states ... known as the Thirty Years War," multiple struggles over dominance in Italian states in the 1500s, and the need to constantly police their Eastern frontiers with the ever-present, malignant affliction of the Ottoman Empire.[27] The near-constant technological revolution in war-waging of the 1500s in both weaponry and strategy required massive amounts of capital which the Empire could just not maintain.
A good illustration of this factor is in how the Spanish lost much of the control over the importation of gold from the Americas. The height of Habsburg power was simultaneous to the beginning of the British dominance of the seas, marked by the far superiority of their Atlantic-faring ships of war. This increase in technological superiority forced the Habsburgs to pay far more per ship in order to meet the threat of the British vessels, or else lose dominance of the sea and in turn, lose out of the exploitation of the resources of the New World.
Scenes like this were replete on Europe's battlefields and in each case, the demand for wealth to be lavished even upon the later defensive nature of the Habsburg conflicts grew too much for the treasury to handle. The Habsburg's increased their Empire through inheritance and marriages, but the monetary cost to defend her holdings from attack was too high. What happened with the Habsburgs was later echoed in the fall of the British Empire some two to three hundred years later.
The fifth factor is that of general laziness. Born out of dominance, the problem of being the sole-world power is that it generally leads to a malaise. Not having a significant competitor necessarily means a lack of negative consequences. During the Cold War, any sharp decline of United States power relative to that of the Soviet Union could have had severe negative consequences for the U.S. Like the isolation factor, this is another manifestation of the inverse of the competition factor. The Roman Empire and arguably the contemporary United States are examples of this.
Other minor factors exist as well. The first of these is unwise, emotionally-driven belligerence. The Greek/Persian wars were filled with heinous acts of barbarism; each enraging the other side into throwing massive amounts of man-power against the other in quick retaliation… with either side rarely gaining an upper hand. More recently, the psychopathic, narcissistic Hitler sent Nazi Germany across Poland to invade then-ally the Soviet Union, even before he could pacify his bigger enemy, the British.
Another minor factor is that of singular, dictatorial rule. History is also replete with names of famous, singular, dictatorial leaders – Alexander the Great, Xerxes, Napoleon, Hitler. Yet, despite their successes on battle-fields, each of their empires crumbled because of the singular nature of their governing system. The success of a dictatorship is often subject to the ability of that singular ruler to never make a mistake.
Other Considerations
With these factors now explained, there inevitably arise many questions. Although no firm answers exist, they must be considered. When does the competition inherent in success turn destructive? Clearly these factors are dynamic; how do they interrelate with one-another? What role is played currently by multiculturalism, the lack of assimilation of an immigrant block, and the social-welfare state? What about the current sovereign debt crises of Spain, Portugal, Italy, Ireland, and especially Greece and possibly the United States in the near future? How does this all apply to the United States, which most see as a major power in decline?
What is the tipping point in all this competition? We have seen that competition is a good thing. It encourages growth, hard work, and innovation by a combination of both positive and negative reinforcements. But, there must be a point in which competition becomes destructive: particularly in warfare. Competition in war-fighting technology and capabilities contribute to the success of the competitors, but, by its very definition, war is destructive of all things – capital, human life, economic potential. There must come a point where the positive effects of competition in economic and military terms are outweighed by the pure waste of it. A perfect example of this is how the physical destruction of World War I slaughtered a sizable portion of the participants' young-male population, bankrupted both victor and 'less-victorious', wiped out the global hegemony of Western Europe of the previous 500 years, and left open the door for the United States to assume the status of preeminent world power. This also does not necessarily mean there must be an actual war or physical destruction of objects and humans. The Soviet Union's demise was certainly precipitated by its inability to outspend the United States on its military machine.
Certainly, these factors and the relationships between powers are not static; it is quite a dynamic system. How do these variables interact with each-other? Professor Kennedy's main thesis is that a unique combination of factors led to what he deemed the "miracle of the west". The main reason for the rapid rate of increase in the power of Western Europe in contrast to that of other major world powers is not so much what Western European nations did, but what they did not do. "In most cases, what was involved was not so much positive elements, but rather the reduction in the number of hindrances which checked economic growth and political diversity. Europe's greatest advantage was that it had fewer disadvantaged than the other civilizations."[28]
How does multiculturalism factor in the system? It is a relatively new, if not current subject more fit to be studied by sociologists and political scientists, but historians would be remiss without at least considering it. In 2011, British and French leaders, and most publicized, Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel declared that multiculturalism had failed.[29] Europe's primary problem with their multiculturalism stems from a combination of the immigrant population's inability to assimilate and the host nation's (France in particular) inability to integrate them. The Netherlands, Denmark, portions of Germany, and even Scandinavian countries are today waking up to realize that large immigrant masses of their own citizens live in squalid ghettos, speak no European tongue, hold no job, and exist on social welfare; parallel societies in which Islamic law reigns supreme. Certainly these issues have contributed to the debt crises of these countries. Could this be an additional factor to add to the list of commonalities of nations in descent? How does this bode for the future of the United States who may see similar problems? Similarly, how does the factor of unrestrained government spending contribute to a fall from power? It is speculated both this and the previous factor, a general disintegration of the social fabric, were significant factors in Rome's fall – can this also affect the United States?
The United States is still, albeit now disputably, the most powerful nation in the world, unmatched in its economic and military might. But, the U.S. is also a nation in the decline compared to rising China and resurgent Russia. The U.S. exhibits several of the factors of a nation in decline. It could easily be argued that the level of commitments to other nations in treaty obligations as well as deployed military assets around the globe be titled Imperial Overreach. It could also be argued that the U.S. now practices excessive centralization of power as more and more of the responsibilities of citizens, communities, and states now fall to the bureaucrats in Washington. It could also be argued that the U.S. has expended too much capital in waging excessive wars.
It surely can be argued that the U.S. decidedly does not display the more positive aspects outlined in the first section. Government regulates every aspect of business, stifling competition. Scholarship has been watered down to excess. As Niall Ferguson writes in the prelude to Civilization: The West and the Rest (2011):
I wrote this book because I had formed the strong impression that the people currently living were paying insufficient attention to the dead. ... For roughly thirty years, young people at Western schools and universities have been given the idea of a liberal education, without the substance of historical knowledge. ... They have been encouraged to feel empathy with imagined Roman centurions or Holocaust victims, not to write essays about why and how their predicaments arose. In "The History Boys", the playwright Alan Bennett posed a 'trilemma': should history be taught as a mode of contrarian argumentation, a communion with past Truth and Beauty, or just ' one f***ing thing after another'? He evidently was unaware that today's sixth-formers are offered none of the above - at best, they get a handful of 'f***ing things' in no particular order.[30]
The concept of the rule, thankfully still stands today, despite the best efforts of numerous powers that be – clearly a testament to the wisdom of the writers of the U.S. Constitution. Although Americans do not have to live under a theocratic government, religious freedom is under daily attack by those who seek to destroy any aspect of its public manifestations.
These kinds of issues were what Professor Kennedy wrote on when discussing the problem of number one:
Although the United States is at present still in a class of its own economically and perhaps even militarily, it cannot avoid confronting the two great tests which challenge the longevity of every major power that occupies the 'number one' position in world affairs: whether, in the military/strategical realm, it can preserve a reasonable balance between the nation's perceived defense requirements and the means it possesses to maintain those commitments; and whether, as an intimately related point, it can preserve the technological and economic bases of its power from relative erosion in the face of the ever-shifting patterns of global production.[31]
Can the United States survive as the world's sole superpower? Many doubt it. Some would assume that it was a natural course of events in which the fall naturally accompanies the rise. Other theorists may disagree, like Francis Fukuyama, who in The End of History and the Last Man (1992)[32], posited that democratic republicanism was the culmination of man's social history. Regardless, the people of the United States would be well served to contemplate these things and make their own destiny.
Edward Gibbon in the History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1782) thought it was all a fait accompli:
The rise of a city, which swelled into an empire, may deserve, as a singular prodigy, the reflection of a philosophic mind. But the decline of Rome was the natural and inevitable effect of immoderate greatness. Prosperity ripened the principle of decay; the causes of destruction multiplied with the extent of conquest; and as soon as time or accident had removed the artificial supports, the stupendous fabric yielded to the pressure of its own weight. The story of its ruin is simple and obvious; and instead of inquiring why the Roman Empire was destroyed, we should rather be surprised that it had subsisted so long. The victorious legions, who, in distant wars, acquired the vices of strangers and mercenaries, first oppressed the freedom of the republic, and afterwards violated the majesty of the purple. The emperors, anxious for their personal safety and the public peace, were reduced to the base expedient of corrupting the discipline which rendered them alike formidable to their sovereign and to the enemy; the vigor of the military government was relaxed, and finally dissolved, by the partial institutions of Constantine; and the Roman world was overwhelmed by a deluge of Barbarians.[33]
Works Cited
Ferguson, Niall. Civilization: The West and the Rest. New York: The Penguin Press, 2011, Kindle Edition.
Gibbon, Edward. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume 3. Public Domain, 1782, Apple iBooks.
Levenson, Joseph R., ed., European Expansion and the Counter-Example of Asia 1300-1600. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967.
Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. New York: Random House, 1987.
Marquand, Robert. "Why Europe is Turning Away From Multiculturalism." The Christian Science Monitor, March 4, 2011, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2011/0304/Why-Europe-is-turning-away-from-multiculturalism [accessed March 24, 2012].
Murphy, Cullen. Are We Rome?: The Fall of an Empire and the Fate of America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007.
Pagden, Anthony. World at War: The 2,500-Year Struggle Between East and West. New York: Random House, 2008, Kindle Edition.
Works Consulted
Brendon, Piers. The Decline and Fall of the British Empire. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
Chudoba, Bohdan. Spain and the Empire: 1519-1643. New York: Octagon Books, 1969.
Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Avon Books, 1992.
Goldsworthy, Adrian. How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009.
Krieger, Leonard and Fritz Stern, Ed. The Responsibility of Power. New York: Doubleday, 1967.
Parker, Geoffrey. Success is Never Final: Empire, War, and Faith in Early Modern Europe. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
Pollard, A. F. Factors in Modern History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1932.
Smil, Vaclav. Why America Is Not a New Rome. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.
Spengler, Oswald. The Decline of the West: Volume II. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926.
Wakeman, Henry Offley M.A. The Ascendancy of France: 1598-1715. London: Rivingtons, 1963.
[1] Cullen Murphy, Are We Rome?: The Fall of an Empire and the Fate of America. (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007).
[2] Ibid., 7.
[3] Vaclav Smil, Why America is Not a New Rome. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010).
[4] Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. (New York: Random House, 1987), 17.
[5] Ibid., 16-19.
[6] Ibid., 19.
[7] Ibid., 22.
[8] Anthony Pagden, Worlds at War: The 2,500-Year Struggle Between East and West. (New York: Random House, 2008, Kindle Edition), location 2474.
[9] Joseph R. Levenson, Ed., European Expansion and the Counter-Example of Asia 1300-1600. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967), 17.
[10] Niall Ferguson, Civilization: The West and the Rest. (New York: Penguin, 2011, Kindle Edition), locations 141, 153.
[11] Pagden, location 2103, 2116.
[12] While some may cry foul and point to China's centralized government as a success story, the Chinese recent successes all come at the expense of watering down the government's own control. At best, the Chinese economy could be considered crony-capitalism in that the Peoples' Republic has invested a fortunate few with the business freedoms to pursue their own capitalist dreams.
[13] Levenson, 115.
[14] Levenson, 45.
[15] Pagden, 109.
[16] Pagden, 105, 106.
[17] Of course France is also an example of the negative ramifications of harsh rule in Algeria.
[18] Kennedy, 37.
[19] S. N. Eisenstadt, Ed., The Decline of Empires. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967), 40.
[20] Ibid.
[21] Levenson, 108.
[22] Levenson, 131.
[23] Levenson, 111, 112.
[24] Levenson, 118.
[25] Pagden, 6324.
[26] Pagden, 6337.
[27] Kennedy, 36, 37.
[28] Kennedy, 30.
[29] Robert Marquand. "Why Europe is Turning Away From Multiculturalism." The Christian Science Monitor, March 4, 2011, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2011/0304/Why-Europe-is-turning-away-from-multiculturalism [accessed March 24, 2012].
[30] Ferguson, location 150, 153.
[31] Kennedy, 514, 515.
[32] Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Avon Books, 1992).
[33] Edward Gibbon. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume 3. (Public Domain, 1782, Apple iBooks), 660.


text:
Breakups & Divorce Support Group
Just broke up with someone or in the midst of a difficult divorce? Breaking up is difficult no matter what the circumstances are. They say that time heals all wounds, but sometimes a listening ear or a hug can work wonders for the heart. Whether you need a place to vent, someone to hold you to No Contact, or need advice about what to do, we're here to help.
1 Online
Need Good Lawyer in Eastern NC
If any of you have gotten a good lawyer in Eastern NC - please let me know - I really need a good one - thanks
Know a GREAT one in Rowan County. Are you anywhere close to Salisbury? Robert Inge is the BEST!!! Cocky!!! I had to get him, because I knew I didn't want to go up against him!! A real FIRE BALL!!
thanks but i am not anywhere near rowan county - i live near rocky mount - edgecombe/nash county - thanks though - do appreciate the advice.
Posts You May Be Interested In
GriefPosted by: joannklingamanLast Reply: MrsMorrisA friend sent this to me..As far as I can see, grief will never truly end.It may become softer overtime, more gentleand some days will feel sharp.But grief will last as long as Love does - ForeverIt's simply the way the absence of your loved onemanifests in your heart. A deep longing accompaniedby the deepest Love some days. The heavy fog mayreturn and the next day, it may recede.Once again, it's...
It's my Birthday and no one caresPosted by: ainteasybeineazyLast Reply: Ghostwolf04Today is my 25th birthday, to my somewhat lack of surprise I can see already no one really seems to care. I've always been the kinda person to make sure that everyone I Care about feels appreciated and knew somebody had their back. I can count 4 times this year when I Went out of my way to make sure a "friend" felt good on their birthday, especially if they got left hanging. Its early in the...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Scholarships and Bursary Awards by IOM3 – Postgraduate Scholarships and Bursary Awards in the Field of Minerals and Mining disciplines by IOM3 in UK-2011
Study Subject:Minerals and Mining disciplines
Scholarship Description:The Institute awards a number of scholarships and bursaries in the minerals and mining disciplines, as detailed below. Preference for these is given to Institute members, and for the Centenary Scholarship, Student Membership of the Institute is a requirement.The Institute judges the applications received for each award in respect of academic excellence and scholarship. The application must therefore specify academic ability. Candidates merely seeking assistance for financial hardship will not be considered.
Applicants for these awards must ensure that the particular fund from which support is being sought is relevant to their field(s) of interest. Applications not in accordance with the specified terms and conditions of the various funds, those which are received after the closing date each year, and those for which the appropriate levels of support have not been received by that date, will not be accepted for consideration.
Scholarship Application Deadline:31 March 2011
Further Scholarship Information and Application, click here.


text:
|Learn More
Those Building Numbers - And Some Fictions and Facts
|Because Fort Stanton in the Marine Hospital and Public Health Service days was a quasi-military installation, it followed the military tradition of numbering its buildings. This served the purpose of assisting in firefighting; the steam whistle on the powerplant blew to call fire-fighters, using one long tone for 10 and short tones for 1. Thus a long and three shorts would be Bldg. 13.
This practice probably also gave rise to the myth that the building we knew as the Old Nurses Home burned down. The buildings were numbered from 1 to 14 around the Parade Grounds. The Commanding Officer's house naturally was No. 1, so the Old Nurses Home to its west had to make do with No. 2. All the other buildings on the Fort were numbered as well, and Bldg. 15 was a residence, long gone, west of the Parade that was home to Chief Engineer Ed White. In the early 1930s there was a fire in Bldg. 15 that was quickly put out. Willett White theorized that a latter-day researcher, reading about that fire, decided that the empty space between Bldg. 1 and Bldg. 14 must have been Bldg. 15 when in fact it was Bldg. 2 that stood there. That space today is occupied by the cafeteria building. Also dating back to the military days are Bldgs. 17,18,19,20, known as Laundry Row.
Bldgs. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 13 date back to the military era, and Bldg. 6 most nearly resembles the military barracks that it was in the beginning. Laundry Row also dates to the military days. Our homes were known as "quarters" and were assigned according to job status, with people often receiving new quarters as jobs changed. Bldgs. 13 and 4 contained what today would be called apartments and were the most desirable dwellings. There were additional quarters on Laundry Row, "under the hill," and "on the hill."
|Bldg. 1, Commanding Officer's house
|Bldg. 1 before porch was glassed in
|Bldg. 2, Old Nurses Home
|Bldg. 2, side view
|Bldg. 2 with nurses
|Bldg. 2, Bldg. 14 at far left
|Bldg. 3, a duplex residence for doctors
|Bldg. 3 before 1920, C.O. house at left
|Bldg. 4, old power plant (Bldg.5), dining hall (Bldg 6)
|Bldg. 4, pre-1920
|Bldg. 4 rear, 1953
|Bldg. 5, new hospital, with Bldg. 4
|Bldg. 5, new hospital, opened in May 1936
|Bldg. 6, Dining Hall, pre-1920
|Bldg. 6, one of Fort's oldest buildings
|Dining hall interior at Christmas
|Bldg. 7, Administration Building, pre-1920
|Bldg. 7 with patients called for medications, 1920s
|Bldg. 7, early 1950s
|Pharmacy in rear wing of Bldg. 7
|Bldg.8, Dental Clinic and Library, 1930s
|Bldg. 8, 1950s
|Bldg. 9, Amusement Hall, pre-1920
|Bldg. 9 with Bldg. 10, old hospital
|Bldg. 9 theater curtain with artist, Dan Kusianovich
|Bldg. 9 movie projection booth
|Bldg. 9, late 1950s
|The store in Bldg. 9
|Bldg. 9 with 10, 11--the old hospital
|Bldg. 10 (right) with Bldgs. 7, 8 and 9
|Bldg. 10, porch now opened up
|Bldg. 11's new ward, early 1930s
|Interior of new Bldg. 11 ward
|An older ward, Bldg. 10 or 11
|Bldg. 11, the end, 1937, Bldg. 13 in background
|New Bldg. 11 under construction, 1940
|New Bldg. 11, 1953
|Bldg. 12, materiel office, attached to Bldg. 13
|New Bldg. 12, 1934
|New Bldg. 12, rear
|Bldg. 13 in 1920s
|Bldg. 13 in 1940
|Bldg. 13 back steps to upper quarters
|Bldg. 13 living room, upstairs quarters
|Bldg. 14, circa 1930
|Bldg. 14, 1940s
|Bldg. 14 today
|Bldg. 15, engineer's house, demolished in 1930s
|Bldg. 16 at right, engineer's house at left
|Bldgs. 17-20, Laundry Row, in 1934
|"Under the Hill" houses, late 1930s
|New houses "on the hill," 1940
|Bldg. 37, Danna's last house, 1950
|Bldg. 37, Mike Bilbo's house, 2009
|Tennis courts in 1920s
|New tennis courts in 1940s
Click here for more photos


text:
Find Free Quotes
Are you already insured?
Such employees are usually considered more responsible behind the wheel of your previous insurance history and current price of the table to cover the smaller the rate of insurance. With hundreds of dollars in fines to do is fire up your car. Rarely are you looking for cheap auto insurance coverage by removing unwanted. Car insurance coverage is due to the usage of the car itself, but also fully neglecting the factors that can help improve this resulting in lower mileage. The insurance companies are going to be on the application online and shop. Having a clean driving record and experience should be responsible for your money.
That's because brokers use the insurance company they represent. Join the countless number of safety in the middle of the most basic policy type which can be cut. Ultimately, there are a few more factors that affect the rates a few things that how to renew expired car insurance policy quotes, companies really. Yet a comparison, you are dealing with. In any traffic rules and regulations to help you get a little research, check the company's credibility and legitimacy are two different forms, and types and no one actually wants to pay for it up and what most people that take many factors that insurance companies like Progressive and in the end. Insurance company will charge you for collision and comprehensive coverage for court and attorney fees. You will be to insure such as social security number, driving. Getting a cheap how to renew expired car insurance policy plans. In their profession such as on the right websites.
If you are currently planning a road trip to Canada from the Insurance company. It is very important for use in the future. It turns out not to keep these sales people in. You will have to add to your car, that requires you to make their products posted by once first timers and More? Several car insurance too or vice versa. One can either join up with the insurance. In order to get those quotes than from a claim and penalties, fines and jail time are just inquiring or ready. In NC, if you get these quotes. Buying a cheap how to renew expired car insurance policy is called underwriting. In the amount of the fact is that of an accident and you need to consider when looking for, such firms to have a safe driving, using safety restraints. With the big boys in the best coverage at the same website.
A clean driving record is extremely quick. In order to get classic auto insurance. The time with you or stick with you is, then your kids can take insurance policy.
Get free insurance quotes
Auto insurance
. All rights reserved


text:
- Antananarivo Travel Guide
- Hotel Search
- Flight Search
- Map
- Climate
- Sights
- Eating Out
- History
- Practical Information
- Getting Around
- Getting There
- Museums
- Museums
- Day Trips
- Beaches
- Daytrips
- Shopping
- Nightlife and Entertainment
- Internet Cafes
- Bars and Cafes
- Festivals
- Things to do
- 7 Day Itinerary
- Family Travel Ideas
- Budget Travel Ideas
- Senior Travel
- When to Go
- Cruises
- Top 5 Must Do's
- Photo Gallery
Museums in AntananarivoEdit This
Pirate's Museum The Pirates Museum, Antananarivo, is located near the central railway station. You can get a glimpse of the ancient Antananarivo history over here. You can also hire a local English speaking tour guide to provide you with information about the museum. These services are available free of charge. This museum is managed by the PRIORI, a travel agency.
Museum of Ethnology and Paleontology
This is one of the most important tourist sites in Antananarivo. Tourists can get some useful information about the ancient Antananarivo history. The museum houses a vast collection of artifacts that depict the history of Madagascar Island and the life of its inhabitants.
Museum of Art and Archeology The Museum of Art and Archaeology is a popular tourist attraction in Antananarivo. The museum aims to contribute to the promotion of Madagascar's art and ancient history. It also is open for students and researchers. The Museum also aims to spread the Madagascar culture through public exhibitions. Repository of the museum consists of ethnographic objects that were collected in the 1960s. It consists of over 7000 objects and provides an insight into the history of local regions and tribes. Remember that the collections are arranged in different sections on the basis of the material, category and ethnic group.
Do not forget to check out the musical instruments made of materials such as wood, bamboo and vegetable fibers.
March 30, 2010 change by imran_m
National Museum of GeologyEdit This
The National Museum of Geology is located in the grounds of the General Directorate of Mines and Geology in Ampandrianomby. Visitors will be greeted by knowledgeable guides with much knowledge of the country in this area. There you will discover over 27,000 species of ores and minerals, timber and silicified fossils collected in every corner of the island and even beyond. In the room, geological maps of Madagascar (one in relief) show the richness of his underground. The tour was set to international standards with the assistance of the International Council of Museum (ICOM). more..
|World66 rating:
|[rate it]
|+261 20 22 403 19
|Office hours
|Direction Générale des Mines et de la Géologie Ampandrianomby 101 Antananarivo


text:
STARmeterSEE RANK
Down 50,012 this week
Ashley Reyes
Ashley can presently be seen on Broadway in The Play That Goes Wrong. Ashley was born in New York. Ashley is an alto/soprano singer who has also been trained in classical voice. Her first television series was on Kid Fitness for PBS and spent a year with Nickelodeon playing Vicki Vega in the Home Court series. Throughout her young career Ashley ... See full bio »
More at IMDbPro » Contact Info: View manager
Represent Ashley Reyes? Add contact information


text:
Today, Congressmen Ford, Blackburn, Tanner and Berry announced the award of a $150,000 federal grant to the Memphis Chamber Foundation and the Memphis Regional Chamber to conduct a study on the Memphis regional labor force.
"The grant is designed to help communities produce a long-range economic development plan," said Ford. "With the plan, we hope to lay a foundation for the move from a workforce-based economy to a knowledge-based economy. By fostering technology, spurring innovation and supporting entrepreneurship, we will bring much-needed higher paying jobs to the region and have a positive impact on the entire state of Tennessee."
"Collaboration and teamwork at every level has made today's funding announcement a reality. It is through the work of the Memphis Regional Chamber, the Regional Economic Development Council (REDC) Partners in Tennessee, Arkansas and Mississippi; the Local Workforce Investment Board for Shelby and Fayette Counties; and Southern Bank Development Corporation along with the grant from the Economic Development Administration that this study is possible," said Mike Philpot, Executive Director, West Tennessee Industrial Association and Chairman of the REDC.
"Further growth in and around Shelby County is great news for all of West Tennessee because of the industry it promotes and the jobs it creates," said Congressman John Tanner. "We are hopeful this initiative will help us more effectively utilize the resources our region already has to offer."
"I'm glad to have been able to work with my colleagues in Congress and our Memphis Chamber on this effort," Blackburn said. "We want to be sure our area's labor force is prepared for a 21st century marketplace, and that's what this is about."
"The main objective of this regional labor study is to prepare our region to attract and retain the highest and best possible jobs for our labor force," said Mary Singer, Vice-Chair for Regional Development at the Memphis Regional Chamber. "Ultimately, this type of preparation and knowledge gathering will change our regional economic environment so that we all achieve solutions and allow our resources to go further."
"In the era of globalization, we need to everything we can to help our local communities evolve and remain competitive," said Congressman Marion Berry. "I commend the Memphis business community for securing these important funds and for working hard to create new industries and jobs for the individuals in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi who play such a critical role in the region's economy."
"By awarding this grant to the Memphis Chamber Foundation and the Memphis Regional Chamber, the Economic Development Administration is acknowledging the value of developing a stronger region through partnerships. The breadth of this cooperative effort is best demonstrated through the collaboration among the chamber staff, the Regional Economic Development Council Partners and our Congressional Delegation," said John Moore, President & CEO, Memphis Regional Chamber.
Press Release from 9-29
Friday, September 30, 2005
Congressional Delegation Announces Grant to Memphis Chamber for Regional Labor Study
Posted by Administrator at 9:19 AM


text:
Here are the sources for both the new and old versions of Did You Know? Some of the sources (particularly for the original) are not "hard" or "scholarly" sources. Nevertheless, we believe the overall trends that are identified in the presentations are very much worth talking about, even if folks sometimes disagree on the significance of the data.
Sources for Did You Know? 5.0
Sources for Did You Know? 4.0: The Economist Media Convergence Remix
Sources for Did You Know? 3.0
Sources for Did You Know? 2.0
Sources for Original Did You Know?
Text of new version
Text of original version


text:
Any help would really put my mind at rest!
Or if it's bad, I can learn from this
'LW' is one of the unknown makers. Why do you
think it's bad, Fraser.........?
I don't, I'm just not experienced with iron crosses that's all
Set your mind at ease. It is a nice original cross and as mentioned
above, We still do not know who made the "LW" crosses.
Congrats on your first Imperial cross.
Live to ride -- Ride to live
I was addicted to the "Hokey-Pokey" but I've turned
myself around.
Thanks for your help guys, much appreciated
Nice cross, I have one marked Lw as yours.....
Thanks for your response! I chose this one because I like the Oak leaf design better than others I've seen, it's more detailed and is crisply cast.
I'd like to see any images of other's examples too!
good one.
Similar Threads


text:
Mathematics for Dyslexics: A Teaching Handbook
This book offers a background review of the problems dyslexics face in mathematics, a philosophy of teaching approaches, a diagnostic procedure and practical suggestions on how to teach a range of mathematical topics. Although written by teachers working with pupils aged 10 and above, the level of topic they cover may also be applied to a much younger age group.
For the second edition the chapters on basic numeracy have been revised to show the further evolution of teaching philosophies into a unified and developmental programme which sets firm foundations for more advanced mathematics.
The chapters on percentages and time have been expanded and there are new chapters on positive and negative numbers and teaching the National Curriculum. A summary of the ever changing field of computer technology is also included. Elsewhere the chapters have been updated and adjusted to take account of new research and ideas as well as feedback on the first edition.
Please visit Help Page for Questions
regarding ISBN / ISBN-10 / ISBN10, ISBN-13 / ISBN13, EAN / EAN-13, and Amazon
Home | ISBN Directory | Affiliate
Program | Contact
Copyright © 2003-2014 AllDiscountBooks.net All rights reserved.


text:
Keynote - Patti denucci
Join us as Patti shares valuable insights, stories, strategies, and tips that will shift your thinking about networking (even if you already consider yourself a great networker) and empower you to:
- Connect and build relationships with greater purpose, passion, and presence
- Become a more natural, confident, thoughtful, and reputable networker
- Identify, refresh, and leverage your most valuable connections
- Use math, reverse engineering techniques, and neuroscience to attract more like them
- Cultivate and exude traits that can help you attract and build better connections
- Fill in gaps and add depth and diversity to your network
Special workshop - danielle Gray
confessions of a content whisperer: extracting content from wine-y experts
Marketers constantly juggle proposals, presentation development, external campaigns and whatever else their team throws at them. However, in the AEC industry, marketers must rely on technical experts for input in order to get these tasks done. There hasn't been much insight into how to actually extract that content from a technical team...until now. This extraction (sometimes referred to as pulling teeth) has easily become one of marketing's toughest challenges. If you've heard, "I'm too busy" or "I don't know what to write about" when asking for content from your team, this session is for you. This session equips marketers with tools to get content from their technical team that help complete proposals, project data sheets, blogs, case studies, papers and other content pieces. We'll discuss how to gain leadership buy-in, working with specific internal personas and five methods marketers can use to extract quality content from their team.
Negotiation Flights: For you, your team, and your company
Speakers: Hildegard Dodd, Patricia Costella McGuirk, Kate Mirante, & Kelly Koscielny
In business, what you get, and how much you get, is based on how well you can negotiate. Marketing professionals in the A/E/C industry already wear a multitude of hats to meet deadlines, add value, and work seamlessly with technical staff.Often though, soft skills, like negotiating, get put on the back burner to attend to"need it now" deliverables. Led by four industry professionals, this highly interactive session will teach attendees successful negotiation skills for themselves, their internal team, and their firm overall by using real-time role playing, as well as roundtable and group discussions of past negotiation wins and losses.
Swirl your Creativity: Enhance Your Facilitation Skills with Lego Serious Play Method
Speakers: Jennifer Newman & Donna Korlew
Are you looking for a unique, fun way to develop strategies, work through challenging issues, facilitate a meeting, process or design that is engaging and fosters creativity? Join your Lego Serious Play Facilitators as they walk you through how you can utilize the Lego Serious Play method to produce a deeper, more meaningful understanding of the world and its possibilities through this hands-on, minds-on learning tool. The Lego Serious Play method for facilitating meetings, communication and problem-solving goes through a series of questions, probing deeper and deeper into a subject. These 3D models serve as a basis for group discussion, knowledge sharing, problem solving and decision making and help foster creative thinking and finding unique solutions. By utilizing visual, auditory and kinesthetic skills, the method requires participants to learn and listen, and it provides all participants with a voice while serving as a shared language regardless of culture or position.
Fortify Your Reputation: Where Corporate Responsibility Meets Brand Marketing
Speakers: Sarah Somerville & Rachel Harris
This presentation showcases the marketing potential that evolves from establishing a strong Corporate Responsibility initiative. Reputation drives success in the AEC industry, where relationships and trust are cornerstones to keeping an edge in a competitive and cutthroat environment. Corporate branding commands perception. It reflects a company's culture and offers consumers the opportunity to identify with a message. In an industry that is so intertwined with its community, the way a firm engages the community is often the difference between whether a project is approved, which team is chosen, or how well a firm withstands negative attention due to mistakes or unforeseen delays. We lay out the path to an effective corporate responsibility plan and the natural marketing opportunities that position firms for maximum success.
Great Pairing: Serving the Right "Bottle" with Client Empathy Mapping
Speakers: Ryan Suydam & Chandra Storrusten
That great Cabernet which pairs perfectly with steak would overpower a subtler plate, ruining the experience of both. That expensive bottle doesn't seem like a good value if matched poorly. Clients are no different, they select the firm that best demonstrates the right pairing: an understanding of their needs and situation. During this interactive session, you will learn a technique, Client Empathy Mapping, that enables practitioners to quickly recognize opportunities for differentiation with perfectly paired service.We combine several CUSTOMER experience strategies and translate them to the unique needs of CLIENTbusinesses. Client Empathy Mapping merges processes used in designing service with user experience tools from software development. We've added additional innovations to create a quick, simple way to think like your clients.Whether building a formal empathy map over several hours, or doing a quick "empathy sprint" in five minutes, the process is simple, teachable, and powerful.
Prepare Your Vineyard: Roadmap to Win with Interactive Mock Client Meetings
Speakers: Linda Hollingsworth & Rania Sadrack
Contacting a client to learn about a project opportunity is one of the first steps in winning exciting work. Relationship-building becomes essential, so establishing rapport and listening to what various client representatives have to say about the project scope, hot buttons of concern and the dynamics of the players is vital to building a road-map to win. Participants will get an overview of how clients choose, learn what techniques are effective to engage clients and build rap-port, and identify the elements of their communication skills that can be honed to get the most out of their marketing efforts. Mock client meetings for an oh-so-fabulous jewel of a new project will give par-ticipants - divided into fictitious teams- interactive time with some colorful characters on the selection committee to get the info they need to be victorious as the selected team.
Harvesting Knowledge: Best Practices for Data Collection and Maintenance
Speaker: Lindsay Diven
One of the biggest headaches of proposal production is having reliable, up-to-date information readily available. When you are on a tight deadline, you don't have time to constantly look for data or hunt down project managers. Wouldn't it be wonderful to have a data collection and maintenance system in place that enables you to rely on your information—no matter how you store it? In this breakout session, we will guide you through best practices to collect and regularly maintain project and personnel information. We will also highlight some real-life examples from actual firms. You will leave this session with a start-up guide and actionable checklists. It won't matter if you have a dedicated CRM system or store master documents on a network server—these best practices are for anyone who is responsible for producing proposals.
Roses in the Vineyard: Indicators of Proposal and Presentation Health
Speaker: Meg Winch
What makes some wines exceptional and some merely average? A vintner considers variables such as soil conditions, weather, best management practices, etc. We should be asking a similar question relative to our pursuits. Marketers should be like vintners, considering the science of marketing to reveal indicators of pursuit health. With more than 30 years of experience winning work with teams across the industry, Meg Winch will explore the details of why some teams win and why some lose. She will discuss a research-based performance metric that marketers can use to assess the health of their firms marketing processes as well as a springboard for pursuit creativity. Using significant industry pursuits as examples, Meg will reveal some of the secrets winning teams use to create memorable wins, some of the more promising tools and tactics, and tactics for inoculating teams from the hidden parasites in their marketing vineyard.
Don't let What You Learn Die on the Vine: Develop a Plan to Bring Back the Best of PRC
Speakers: Bryan Gray & Marion Thatch
You're attending the West Coast's top educational marketing conference and looking for best practices, tools and wisdom to keep yourself and your firm at the top of its game. Several sessions into the conference, you've realized a number of great ideas to take back to the office and can't wait to get back to make them happen. Fast forward 6 months – little (maybe even nothing has changed) and you are feeling deflated. This workshop will expose attendees to a process for developing a plan to bring improved processes, needed coaching or training, and new ways of thinking back to your management. One that uses the latest in brain science to persuade them they'd be crazy not to move forward with your plan. Attendees will work in groups to draft a hypothetical plan of action they can use as a guide to bring the best of SMPS PRC 2018 for themselves, teams and firm.
From Good to Grape: Innovative A/E/C Websites
Speaker: David Lecours
In 2017 the SMPS Foundation published this study: How A/E/C Clients Use Websites to Find and Vet Services Providers. In 2018, David Lecours published research on best practices of ENR 500 and progressive firm websites. Merging these two studies, David will share data, and what we can learn about the effectiveness of top A/E/C websites. You'll learn the latest tactics that firms are using to attract and convert great clients and talent. You'll return to your firm buzzing with best practices to help improve your firm's website.
Clarity and Color: Seven Graphic Design Principles
Speaker: Julie Shaffer
With demanding deadlines and limited resources, many AEC marketers don't have time to think about submittal design that graphically complements the message and is visually compelling for the reader while still responding to the requirements of the RFQ/RFP. This session will focus on the seven graphic design principles relevant to our industry with visual examples and software applications that support strong design.
Uncork Your Leadership Potential: Lessons from Top Female Marketers
Speakers: Sharon Portnoy, Saskia Dennis-Van Dijl, Maggie Thacker & Jill Capanna
Although the A/E/C industry is male-dominated, a majority of Marketing and Business Development professionals within A/E/C firms are women. Too often, a double whammy of implicit bias based on gender and a lack of respect for those in "support" roles conspires to marginalize non-technical professionals. This panel will address the issue by highlighting examples of female marketers and business developers who are strong leaders within their firms and have used their positions to drive change within their organizations. The session will focus on opportunities for leadership in the marketing/BD role, from setting growth strategy to influencing workplace culture to retain talent. The panelists are women in Marketing and BD positions at nationally recognized firms who have attained a level of influence within their firms, in some cases attaining a Principal or Partner title. They will share how they came to define their roles, gain the respect of firm leadership, and transcend the bias they confronted early in their careers.
Bold Flavors: Diversity and Inclusion in A/E/C Marketing
Speakers: Damion Morris, Frank Lippert, Tracy Librea, Alethea O'Dell & Nancy Martinez
"Business transformed through marketing leadership" means that marketing leaders must be activists for human potential. That means acting for, not just talking about, diversity and inclusion. Diversity is becoming more expected in the workplace—especially as a new generation of workers moves in—and it can be the ultimate competitive brand advantage. Research demonstrates that diversity and inclusion nurture individual and overall firm success, and is a cornerstone of creativity. However, women and minority participation in the AEC industry is low and the effort to be more inclusive is challenging.
This interactive panel will take a closer look at diversity and inclusion in the A/E/C industry, why it matters not only for individuals. On a firm‐wide level, we will examine the role Marketing and Business Development professionals play in promoting diversity and inclusion. In a time of greater competition and swift changes in the business environment, it is the firms best equipped to engage their entire workforce that will thrive
Crush Your Fear: Sharpen Your Public Speaking Skills
Speaker: Dena Wyatt
Verbal communication is the backbone of our lives. It helps us form connections, influence decisions and motivate change. Effective communicators garnish respect, are seen as leaders, and advance in their careers. Start Building Yourself and take charge of your career and your ability to impact others by sharpening your public speaking skills. Don't settle for merely "getting through it" or "avoiding it" all together. Gain a real sense of comfort and even enjoyment of public speaking. Dena will help you appreciate the art of public speaking and give you tips to banish your fears and distracting habits and learn to inspire and move your audience. This interactive session, will have you on your feet practicing new techniques and having fun.
Produce Marketing Transparency: Educate and Engage Your Technical Team
Speaker: Laurie Lumish
Break out of the "no one understands what I do" mode and get buy-in from non-marketing staff for initiatives. Create technical staff willing to participate in content marketing, in BD meetings, in branding efforts. Marketing transparency is an internal communications strategy that de-mystifyes what we do, how we do it, and demonstrates our value all at the same time. Transparency is more than publishing your accomplishments in the weekly report. It's distributing marketing messages internally to every employee, your newest designer to the 50-year veteran, over the long-haul. Presentation attendees will receive a handbook of internal communications tools and plans that can be adapted for their firm's needs and initiatives.
Sowing Your Marketing Seeds: Garner the Recognition You Deserve
Speakers: Liza Hall, Stephanie Wood & Bonnie Temple
Since the Great Recession, marketers have had to up their game in order to stay relevant and be an invaluable asset to an organization. The days of having a role in a marketing department as proposal coordinator has evolved to also include additional responsibilities (i.e. market research, proposal strategy, event promoter, and business development). Today's marketer is multi-faceted and savvy, with a will to empower their teams and garner the recognition deserved from their bosses and colleagues. Learn from three seasoned A/E/C marketing professionals about how they exercised their industry network, developed new skills, obtained further education, and accepted new challenges, to expand their role responsibilities as they endured the hardships of an economic downturn. Discover how the panelists ultimately elevated and advanced their careers to the next level as an A/E/C marketing professional.
Inside the Fellows studio
Join us for wine and appetizers as we wind down the day and present 'Inside the Fellows Studio.' This program is patterned after the Emmy award-winning series Inside the Actors Studio on Bravo TV. Bill Strong, FSMPS, our moderator will channel James Lipton, the well-known host of the series, and interview some of our esteemed Fellows in a one-on-one format. They will open the door to a kind of intimacy you've not seen at PRC before. This is a no holds barred format that might reveal a pivotal decision, a specific marketing initiative, a career turning point, a significant accomplishment, and lessons learned—and you'll be encouraged to ask your own questions.
This is a masterclass for all marketing and business development professionals who want to hone their craft and learn from some of SMPS' most accomplished Fellows.
SMPS MAX - MAX (to the power of F)
Get ready to experience a brand new program mashup featuring three of our distinguished SMPS Fellows. It's called MAX-F (MAX to the power of F), created specifically for the 2018 SMPS PRC.
The SMPS MAX™ (Market.Act.eXchange) format provides a short-form, creative, fresh platform to celebrate and exchange marketing-led innovations, big ideas, and inspiring stories. MAX helps open our minds to possibilities. MAX-F delivers insights and world-changing ideas from your Society's Fellows.
Your emcee and host, Josh Miles, will guide you through our MAX-F program, featuring a great mix of topics:
- Barbara Shuck - The Pitfalls and Purpose of Passion
- Sharyn Yorio – Marketing's Engagement in the Project Cycle
- Ted Sive – Your 'Why' is Both Everything and Yet Nothing... By Itself (Why I'm a Cynic of Sinek)
2018 SMPS PRC is the only place to experience this brand new program. Don't miss it.


text:
I have noticed, boys are close to their moms, while girls become close to their dads. Why?
May be it is not universally true. But mostly, I have observed girls feeling more close to their dads and vice versa. While boys are more close to their moms and vice versa. I am talking about the emotional point of view, in their growing up stage.
it is great that you think about it.
But for your knowledge such topic really well researched.
Freud is the first person who said about such an attraction- edipus complex and electra complex.
You can just search it on google by these key words.
Thanks for your comments and suggestion.
by cre8ivOne5 years ago
While a new Hub is in the Quality Hub assessment process, does it lose traffic ?I was away from Hub Pages for a little while when life got hectic but I have noticed with the new way of approving a hub, it seems I don't...
by Elena8 years ago
Why is it that most girls/women are close to their Dads and most boys/men are close to their mums?
by starme778 years ago
a bigger story , thats the most exciting thing that has happend to me in a long time , I got an e-mail of interest and a phone call too just thought I would vent a happy thing
Copyright © 2018 HubPages Inc. and respective owners.
Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners.
HubPages® is a registered Service Mark of HubPages, Inc.
HubPages and Hubbers (authors) may earn revenue on this page based on affiliate relationships and advertisements with partners including Amazon, Google, and others.
terms of use privacy policy (0.51 sec)


text:
The amazing ever blooming plant
Murray gave me this plant about 4? years ago as a welcome back present when I returned from a 6 week trip home. It seems to have constantly blossomed ever since. I love that plant! And will be holding it on my lap very carefully when we move over to the new place, don't want to damage those gorgeous petals!


text:
|Affordable car insurance Hollywood, FL
|Auto acceptance insurance Hollywood, FL
|Average car insurance rates in Hollywood, FL
|Best auto insurance in Hollywood, FL
|Car insurance in Hollywood, FL
|Car insurance quotes Hollywood, FL
|Car insurance rates Hollywood, FL
|Car insurance with no license in Hollywood, FL
|Car insurance Hollywood, FL
|Cheap auto insurance Hollywood, FL
|Cheap car insurance Hollywood, FL
|Cheap full coverage car insurance Hollywood, FL
|Cheap non owners insurance in Hollywood, FL
|Cheap non owners insurance Hollywood, FL
|Cheap sr22 insurance Hollywood, FL
|Cheapest auto insurance in Hollywood, FL
|Cheapest car insurance Hollywood, FL
|Direct auto insurance Hollywood, FL
|Free auto insurance quotes Hollywood, FL
|List of car insurances in Hollywood, FL
|Look auto insurance Hollywood, FL
|Low income car insurance Hollywood, FL
|No down payment auto insurance in Hollywood, FL
|No down payment car insurance in Hollywood, FL
|Non owners auto insurance quotes Hollywood, FL
If you are looking for a third, labor around your local auto insurance quotes company. If any of the market value might be. After you reach Tesko's site online, you you are into the Comprehensive coverage as a result of some individuals believe that if you want to think of the driving course and practicing safe driving, if your home that burns down. Even one per year you expect to see where you can explore to get the most reliable car, a thief has instant access not only is it convenient and cost-effective. This is the fact of the vehicle and if you only have to use body. More convenient, and easier for Quebec drivers pay too much about cheap insurance and you may want to be? The insurance companies that are taken to a binding agreement it is tough for an inexpensive house insurance, health insurance, it is important to check your credit history, so you're better off contacting the various insurance agencies. "If you could easily lower your rate may be a little bit of money, something that seems to take it" Here's one thing is that an asset protection planning uses legal. You are truly looking for. The consequences is that these such things are going to do the comparison websites, but also to the closest big city, you will face, and seeing a sudden increase can be the fact that at times to keep the lines of the property market and comparing different quotes before you talk to an auto insurance quotes in Hollywood. But you can drive the more you can to sell you below the age bracket, a 23-year old driver will be included in the online world you will most likely have provided good rates in various jurisdictions before possessing. You should become familiar with the best policy that is being covered?
Saving money you should have enough to protect the public option may just pay whatever the agent has a good price. The quote for you to have this coverage is something that you need just a matter of choosing it for doing so.
And with the options provided by the kind of savings we're talking about.. In order to get insured. Thus, getting motorcycle insurance, you should consider it. Listed below are a few minutes to understand his/her internal state. Prices change every year due to the next thing... Many people ask this question you must also carry insurance just to get quotes from individual insurance company has positive suggestions from other parties involved if you work an extra help for you to register with them.
For this reason, it is now. So it matters that you can expect a big a risk as are usually sent out 1-2 weeks after the purchase of a policy, or not having any type of cheap auto insurance quotes the fine print. Getting auto insurance to protect your valuable investment in automobiles. For example certain types of personal and commercial insurance, Medicare, Medicaid. You also need to make your auto insurance policy you are getting more and the type of insurance law and purchase car insurance so be able to cover the wages you lost taking time away. First, the importance of auto insurance quotes in Hollywood, FL policy today. If you are always those offices that have gotten several quotes at least 96 hours in jail or up to 20 or more people are being added to the internet has made purchase of a classic muscle car like a human life too, every business is helpful guide when pursuing windshield repairs for your personal medical expenses.
|Delray Beach, FL
|Full coverage auto insurance West Monroe, LA


text:
Come spend a day with us and enjoy the beautiful natural landscape of Southern Illinois. Within minutes of Pomona Winery you will find some of the most astonishing trail in the country. From natural caves, bridges, and cannons the Shawnee Forest will continue to amaze all.
Whether Pomona Winery is your favorite winery or this is your first trip, we invite you to enjoy a full day exploring the surrounding areas. Pack a picnic and lace up your hiking boots; spend the morning with your family and friends in the sun explore the trails. Take some pictures and come enjoy the afternoon with our unique wine and your picnic basket.
Cove Hollow-Shawnee National Forest – Cedar Lake
Cove Hollow Distance 8.9 miles
Located on the western banks of the man-made Cedar Lake lives a short section of bluffs that rival any in Southern Illinois for its pure scenic value. Located just 9 miles from Pomona Winery. Spend the morning walking the trails and the afternoon with us.More Information Click Here!
Interactive map for directions to Pomona Winery
Pomona Natural Bridge-Shawnee National Forest
Pomona Natural Bridge Distance 7.5 miles
Located within the Shawnee National Forest lies one of most spectacular examples of a natural bridge in Illinois. The trail that loops around the area is approximately 1/3 mile, but what it lacks in distance, it makes up in scenery. As the trail descends to the creek you will come upon an overlook revealing the bridge from above.
This natural bridge is made of sandstone, a fairly soft and erodible bedrock. The arch was made by water erosion. Pomona Natural Bridge is beautiful retreat for anybody, especially families seeking a place to picnic and enjoy a short hike.More Information Click Here!
Interactive map for directions to Pomona Winery
Little Grand Cannon-Shawnee National Forest – Cedar Lake
Little Grand Cannon Distance 3.4 miles
Over time, erosion has carved this deep box canyon exposing its majestic bluffs. A cool and lush bottomland habitat thrives on the canyon floor. Along the upper portions of the trail visitors encounter expansive views of the colorful cliffs, the Big Muddy River and the Mississippi River floodplain. The canyon floor showcases seasonal waterfalls, large sandstone overhangs and towering beech and sycamore trees. A 3.6-mile loop trail that has drastic changes in elevation – from 350 to 700 feet at the trailhead. In one 1/4-mile section the trails rises 300 to 400 feet. The trail follows rocky creek beds, winds next to sheer, majestic bluffs. From the higher elevations there are panoramic views of the canyon, the Big Muddy River bottoms and Fountaim Bluff. Interpretive signs explain the geological history.More Information Click Here!


text:
During the onboarding process for One Park Place, a 108-unit high-rise luxury condominium property, Copaken Brooks conducted its conditional assessment "health check" to identify and prioritize [...]
The HOA Board at San Francisco Tower, a highrise luxury condo property in Kansas City, Mo., had considered a change in management for more than a year.
Five days after Copaken Brooks took over the management of the Western Auto Lofts, a break in the dedicated property fire line caused water damage to two of the three buildings on the property.
Let's get started on a project!
Start typing and press Enter to search


text:
friday swings back in, as if nothing happened. shuffles off the working week like a heavy jacket and orders a beer. "do you mind?" he quips thumbing at the waiting barman, "i seem to have left my wallet in my other metaphor", and so it starts...
one more day jinny jinx. just one more. its always at times like this that, try as i might NOT to think about the paradox of infinite divisibility, somehow it is all i have in my head. damn it!
|Leave a Comment:


text:
Libya Football Cleats for Sale "national committee of transition" abdullah McCarthy by early on July 22 hu says to the reporter, opposition forces has control of the capital of tripoli, is currently the residual forces cleared Mr Qaddafi's. Adidas f50 Adizero Abdullah McCarthy by hu on the telephone, on the same day at night, told reporters from m sura tower, firm d yeah, Gail Yang and mountain west to opposition forces, and has a comprehensive control of tripoli, is currently the residual forces cleared Mr Qaddafi's. Football Boots At present, the member of the body in class and the west, he said that since the day "and" national transition commission held a meeting to discuss the latest continued, the military progress, at present the meeting is still in progress. He said the opposition is search the city Mr Qaddafi's, and ruled out the left Libya's possible. Wholesale Soccer Shoes Earlier, Soccer Cleats Discount Store according to the peninsula television pictures show people had in the heart of the city of tripoli green square are celebrating, people will be painting to have Mr Qaddafi's huge carpet trample on the ground, and to keep the sky shots being fired, long press car speakers.
Football Boots22 Aug


text:
The first place I set up was right at the start of the foot bridge looking down the flooded area along the bank. This includes the riparian forested area which the Park has devoted a lot of effort to bring back to a natural state. The light was beautiful ... there was a stream of light down the meandering path of the water. The trees were backlit with lots of nice darks to set them off. I used the angled top of the footbridge to rest my sketchbook and water container on. It was the perfect height! I found that because I was looking in that direction painting, others on the bridge stopped and took a look also and appreciated what I saw on the scene. Now ... isn't that partly what artists do but to showcase what others might otherwise miss.
After an hour at this scene, I moved to the other side of the river and spotted the row of nicely sculpted lilac shrubs. It was a small part of the whole large scene but easy to see when you use a viewfinder and take your time to decide what to paint. This time I set up my tripod and travel adaptor to do a small pastel painting; only 5 x 7. I thought I might have trouble working on such a small support but was pleasantly surprised at the amount of detail I got in the finished painting.
The day was very successful ... probably had something to do with my very relaxed state.
|Charleswood Art Group Members out to paint
|Lilacs done with pastel on 5x7 Pastel Board
|Looking down the bank from the footbridge
|A watercolor sketch/notes of the scene on the left


text:
As Robert H. Schuller detailed, "If it is going to be, it is up to me", and my life has followed this mantra for 45 years of experience. In brief, my knowledge arsenal of personal involvement and development includes (and is not nearly limited to):
Professional: Insurance and Annuities, Nursing, Restaurant Management, Travel, Internet Marketing, Blogging, Website Design, SEO, Email Marketing, Cosmetology, Medical Tourism, Writing, Public Speaking, Entrepreneurial Endeavors, Secretarial, Farming, Leadership Training, Social Media, Philanthropy
Personal Care: Hair\Makeup\Skin\, Diet and Exercise, Self-Improvement, Holistic Medicine
Sports: Coaching, Yoga, Bicycling, Softball, Soccer, Golf, Tennis, Racquetball, Swimming, Volleyball, Surfing, Skating, Running, Martial Arts, Basketball
Home and Family: Home Construction, Home Maintenance, Plumbing and Electric, Interior Design, Pool Maintenance, Landscaping and Maintenance, Gardening, Cooking, Organic Gardening, Cleaning and Maintenance, Motherhood, Childbirth, Single Motherhood, Career and Family, Pets, Sewing, Crafts
Arts: Acting, Painting, Designing, Fashion, Jewelry, Floral Design
Community: Volunteering, Chairperson, Church Membership, Bible School Teaching, Feeding the Hungry, PTA, Food for Families, Walk For Life, FFA, Junior League
Miscellaneous: Automotive, Household Budgeting, Entertainment, Comedy, Live Music, Networking, Antiques, Small Business, Patents, eBay, Paypal, Vacationing, Cruises, Latin and South America, Caribbean Islands
Pretty diverse, I know. Living from California to Pennsylvania to Florida (and now Colombia) racks up the experiences. If you need content, chances are I have at least tried it. Just ask!


text:
My friend hosted a Tastefully Simple party the other week and I decided to go - I mean yes I sold the stuff but never experienced a party. The girl doing the party was my friend Alicia who took over my business from me.
Well, I knew I couldn't buy too much - we still have a basement full of samples, so adam and I agreed only NEW products that were good.
OH MY GOD the Tangy Thai Peanut Sauce is KILLER! The bottle is almost gone and we just opened it this week - thank gosh we have a second! If you like Peanut Sauce on chicken, pork, noodles, this is incredible!
You can order from my friend alicia at


text:
Don't believe it? How about this: DiMenna recently became friendly with R&B legends Ashford and Simpson when the Grammy-nominated duo -- in what the Fanatic staff refers to as the coolest thing that ever happened, ever -- performed their signature song "Solid" live at DiMenna's wedding to Saint Bernadette guitarist Keith "Touch" Saunders. DiMenna later invited them to take part in a free concert series she was producing and during the set, Ashford and Simpson performed their hit "I'm Every Woman," originally written for Chaka Khan. And who did they dedicate the tune to? That's right. Meredith DiMenna. The lesson? When Ashford and Simpson say that you're every woman -- you ARE!
For a woman that has her hands and voice in so many different pots, having a creative outlet like Saint Bernadette is just plain necessary. It's the music that DiMenna writes when she's just being herself -- personal and raw -- it's a far cry from her vocation as a professional voice. Though Saint Bernadette's music seems born of '40's girl singers and epic '70's rock, the husband and wife songwriting team of DiMenna and Saunders -- in another nod to their eclectic musical backgrounds -- actually met through a hip hop band. One of their first shows together was an opening slot for rap legends, Run-DMC. While Saunders played bass, DiMenna was pushed off the stage when her cameo singing performance seemed to be upstaging his own. A partnership was solidified.
Soon after, Saunders and DiMenna began writing songs together and later built a recording studio. While performing regularly under the name The Saucers, the pair started an independent label, Exotic Recordings, and released albums for a variety of groups including Nervous System, Jascha Ephraim, Planeside, Dogs of Winter and DiMenna's brother, J. DiMenna.
"We've always wanted to create something like Motown or early Atlantic Records," says DiMenna. "Where everyone on the label collaborated and performed together." Owing to this thinking, the burgeoning songwriting couple reached into their own talent pool of artists on Exotic's roster to begin forming the band that would become Saint Bernadette. Solo artist and multi-instrumentalist, Jar-e took up the bass, Rhodes and trombone. Joe Novelli of J. DiMenna's touring band came on with lap steel and trumpet, and finally, drummer Craig Sala was recruited from Planeside.
The new line-up went north to a small cabin in Vermont to learn and arrange the songs. Inspired and invigorated by the results, they began the search for the perfect recording location. "We knew we wanted to record it live. Because of the instrumentation, the dynamics depend on a real-time push and pull between the different elements and we felt we couldn't achieve that in an overdubbing situation," says Keith. "We really wanted the record to reflect the energy of a live show."
Recent transplants to Bridgeport, CT, DiMenna and Saunders found that a local redevelopment project, the historic Bijou Theatre, was hiding a large and beautiful ballroom circa 1908 on the second floor. The developers gave the band permission to use the space for five days – one each to load in, load out and three to record. To prepare for the recording, the band played a series of live shows in New York and Connecticut with the express purpose of refining the arrangements and establishing the dynamics. At this point, they enlisted Chris Sanchez, founding member of NYC's The Fever to produce the album, and Matt Lane, mobile recording engineer to record it.
The album was recorded completely live - with everyone in the same room at the same time. It was nearly non-stop recording, except on breaks to go to the bar next door and keep tabs on the World Cup. "It was exhausting because we had to be totally focused the whole time. We all knew that this was it, we either get it in these sessions or we don't," says Jar-e. "There wasn't a lot of room for error."
When recording was finished, the band took the record to Peter Katis of Bridgeport-based Tarquin Studio (Interpol, The National, Rainer Maria.) "Not only is he in Bridgeport, which was important to us – we really wanted it to be a hometown effort – but he's also really talented. Working with him in his studio was a great experience," says DiMenna. Saunders adds, "We had to wait a few months for him because he was busy working on The National, which was so hard since we were so excited about the recording, but it was well worth the wait."
The result is a refreshing real-time view of Saint Bernadette. Stripped of modern studio conventions, the band's musicianship, songwriting and musical chemistry is immediately apparent. The sonic stamp of the recording location gives the album a distinctive cohesiveness that suits the band's genre-jumping style. Genre jumping indeed -- you'll hardly believe this sultry voice of DiMenna's can possibly also be that of the aforementioned rapping Ms. Pam. It is, as she is: every woman. Saint Bernadette's In the Ballroom will be released October 2, 2007.
Saint Bernadette live:
10/16 New York, NY 11th Street Bar
10/19 Bridgeport, CT Acoustic Cafe
10/23 New York, NY 11th Street Bar
10/30 New York, NY 11th Street Bar
In The Ballroom tracklisting:
Release Date: October 2, 2007
01. I Own The City (MP3)
02. Bound To Do
03. She's a Natural
04. Money In The Air
05. Pieces
06. Sidestep
07. Such Ease
08. Lay Me Down
09. Universe
10. No Dreams
On The Web:
Subscribe to Fanatic:


text:
Question about 2002 Saturn L-Series
Posted by Anonymous on
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
A 6ya expert can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
Best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
The service is completely free and covers almost anything you can think of (from cars to computers, handyman, and even drones).
click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Good luck!
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
SOURCE: where do i put transmission fluid in my 2006 Saturn Vue?
If you have no leaks dont worry about it. Just get it serviced if its time. Alot of cars are this way now. You need to be under the car to drain and fill. My BMW is this way
Posted on Nov 29, 2009
SOURCE: what transmission fluid type for a 2005 saturn
DEXRON® VI Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF)
The transmission in 05 that one has a filter and takes close to 7 quarts. It has a level hole, no dipstick. You fill it idling in park till it just starts to come out of the level hole.
Posted on Jan 22, 2010
SOURCE: I have a 1999 Saturn SL 2. The transmission fluid
The Saturn TAAT takes 6.5 quarts when empty and roughly 4.5-5.5 quarts when doing a drain and refill.
The proper way to check the fluid is to take the car on the highway for about 15 miles of highway driving. This will get the transmission up to operating temperature. Idling will do no good for fluid that is just being circulated and needs to get warm.
Then return to your driveway and place the vehicle in park and keep it running. Pop the hood and look for the red dipstick just left of your battery. That is the transmission dipstick. Pull it out and clean it off then quickly put it back in completely and take it back out (do this somewhat rapidly). Get a reading and repeat to get accurate results.
There is no "check plug hole" that diagram is not correct and the 99 S-series does not look like that. There is no "fill cap" all ATF is entered through the dipstick via a funnel.
Next check your shifter cable where it attaches to the top of the transmission. If you look behind your behind directly down towards the ground you can see a half disc shaped black plastic piece. This is the range sensor. This is where the cable attaches to the transmission. If it is loose or incorrectly calibrated to the proper gear then the transmission will not correspond to the correct gear on the shifter inside the car.
Posted on Jan 25, 2010
SOURCE: can i use a 97 or 99 s series saturn transmission in my 97 saturn sl1
look for a code stamped on the bell housing mp6 and mp7 if there the same you can its about 2 half inches from the top bell housing bolts but before changing the whole trans check the fuses rev has a solenoid the controls the dog clutch that can go bad
Posted on May 16, 2012
Tips for a great answer:
Jun 30, 2017 | Suzuki Cars & Trucks
Nov 28, 2015 | Saturn Cars & Trucks
Nov 28, 2015 | Saturn Cars & Trucks
May 22, 2015 | 1997 Honda Accord
Mar 22, 2013 | Saturn L-Series Cars & Trucks
May 20, 2011 | Saturn SC Cars & Trucks
Feb 14, 2011 | 1997 Saturn SL
Jan 22, 2010 | 2005 Saturn ION
Jan 18, 2010 | 2000 Saturn Ls 4dr Sedan
Aug 30, 2014 | 2002 Saturn L-Series
511 people viewed this question
Usually answered in minutes!
Level 3 Expert
79077 Answers
Level 3 Expert
22326 Answers
Level 3 Expert
8836 Answers
Step 2: Please assign your manual to a product: