text:
Rutherford MD*
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, USA
Received date: June 24, 2013; Accepted date: August 29, 2013; Published date: September 05, 2013
Citation: Rutherford MD (2013) Social Attention is Measurably and Increasingly Atypical Across the First Six Months in the Broader Autism Phenotype. J Psychol Psychother 3:125. doi:10.4172/2161-0487.1000125
Copyright: © 2013 Rutherford MD. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are different from those without ASD with respect to some aspects of social attention. This difference may have developmental implications, as attention to social information supports both social and cognitive development. This longitudinal study measures early social attention in infants, based on infants' gaze direction in response to faces, eyes, and animate motion, and compares a group of infants who have a sibling with ASD to a control group. Infant siblings show social preferences significantly less strongly than the control group as early as six months of age. Furthermore, results reveal diverging developmental trajectories, as group differences increase over the first half of the first year of life.
Broader autism phenotype; Infant siblings; Social orienting; Eye tracking
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a pervasive and sometimes severe continuum of disorders characterised by atypical social cognitive and communicative development and repetitive behaviours. When first describing autism, Kanner suggested that autism is present in the first few months of life [1]. Although researchers have had some success in describing and characterizing the development of ASD in the first year of life [2,3], early autistic development has until recently been difficult to study, since young children are not commonly diagnosed until they three years of age or later [4]. The current strategy for conducting controlled laboratory investigations of the development of ASD in infants is to recruit infants who have a close relative with ASD [5-7].
Several groups have now used eye-tracking technology to measure gaze behaviour in infants at risk for ASD compared to control infants. Six-month-old at-risk infants were found to be more likely mouth compared to control infants to look at their own mother's during a stillface procedure [8]. However, this early preference for mouths did not predict a later ASD diagnosis, although it did predict higher expressive language scores at 2 years of age [9]. Overall, eye gaze behaviour in the first year has not yet been found to be reliably predictive of later ASD diagnosis [5-7].
In addition, researchers have measured neural activity in infants with siblings with ASD compared to a control group, while these infants viewed eyes and faces. Although one group found no group differences in neural response to familiar versus unfamiliar faces [10], another group found group differences in the latency of the neural responses to eye gaze: the neural response was slower in the ASD group [11].
Typical and autistic attention to social information
The social orienting view [12-14] suggests that for children developing with ASD an early failure to orient normally to social stimuli leads to the development of autistic symptoms. Children with ASD may not have as strong a preference for speech over other sounds, as typically developing children do [15], and children with ASD are less likely than controls to orient to social stimuli such as a name or clapping hands [12].
The current investigation focuses on social attention in three areas: orienting to faces, a preference for orienting to eyes relative to the mouth in face displays, and attention to chase displays. Each of these areas has been investigated in typical and autistic development, as described below.
Attention to faces
Very young children orient preferentially to faces as early as 2 months of age [16]. However, behavioural and neuroimaging studies suggest that individuals with ASD show atypical face processing from early in life [17,18]. Those with ASD use face information differently, showing deficits in face recognition [19,20] and in the perception of emotional facial expressions [21-23]. Because children with ASD show relatively less social orienting than controls, they may look less at faces.
Attention to eyes and mouth
Young children are particular likely to look toward the eyes when scanning a still or static image of a face [24]. Research using eye tracking technology has revealed that adults with ASD are less likely than typical observers to scan the eyes region of the face in either static or dynamic presentations [25,26]. The strategy used by infants with and without a risk for developing with ASD has begun to be revealed by eye-tracking research: while some work has suggested that infant siblings of children with ASD are much more likely than controls to show diminished eye gaze during a still face procedure [8], this abnormal gaze pattern did not prove to be predictive of an ASD diagnosis [9].
Attention to chasing
Adult viewers are sensitive to animate motion that suggests chasing, and perceive chasing even when viewing simple, featureless stimuli, such as dots on a screen [27,28]. Before they are six months old, infants can discriminate a chase display from inanimate motion that is matched with respect to speed and other motion characteristics: Three-monthold infants prefer to watch the chasing scene over the non-social [29]. Recently, some authors have argued that the perception of chasing is a developmentally fundamental social perceptual skill, emerging early in development [30], However, recent research has shown that children with ASD are less likely than controls to spontaneously see such displays as animate [31].
ASD in the first year of life
It may be reasonable to expect that there are measureable signs of ASD in infancy. Kanner suggested that autism is already present early in the first year [1], and many parents report that their child was �different� long before getting an ASD diagnosis [32]. A retrospective examination of first birthday party videotapes revealed that one-yearolds who were developing with ASD exhibited fewer social and joint attention behaviours, compared to typical one-year-olds [2]. One case study described the journals of a mother with twins, one of whom was eventually diagnosed with ASD. As early as the second half of the first year, there were differences in social development and language development between the two children recorded in the mother's journals [3]. In addition, parent-reported behaviours are significant predictors of later ASD diagnoses as early as 14 months of age [33].
One fruitful strategy for exploring the early development of ASD is to recruit siblings of children with ASD and observe their early development [5,6,8,34]. ASD appears to be heritable, so children born with genetic relatives with ASD are more likely than the general population to develop an ASD diagnosis [35]. Thus recruiting infants who have close family members with ASD may allow researchers to observe ASD in its earliest development.
The broader autism phenotype
Even with selectively recruiting infants who have siblings with ASD, most participants will likely never have an ASD diagnosis. Nonetheless, these infant sibling are still of interest because close relatives of those with ASD who do not, themselves, have an ASD diagnosis, may display characteristics that are peculiar to that group [36-39], and these characteristics are known as the �Broader Autism Phenotype.� The Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to both behavioural characteristics and brain differences that are found in people who do not have an ASD diagnosis, but are close genetic relatives of someone who does.
The BAP is thought to index increased genetic liability for ASD [40]. Relatives of those with ASD are more likely than the general population to have a verbal IQ that is 15 or more points lower than their own performance IQ [41]. There are speech and language deficits and social and emotional maldevelopment in the monozygotic twin of a proband with ASD [35]. In addition, family members of those with ASD may show some peculiar cognitive benefits: grandparents of children with ASD may be particularly good at intuitive math and engineering [42].
The current study
The purpose of this study is to describing and characterizing the social cognitive development of ASD and the broader autism phenotype in the first year of life. More specifically, the study was designed to test the hypotheses that typical infants would be interested in looking at faces, eyes and chase scenarios, that children at risk for developing with autism would show these preferences less than controls, and that group differences would increase in infancy. To this end, looking duration (the sum of durations of all fixations in a specific region of interest) in response to specific social visual stimuli was measured using eyetracking technology. This was a longitudinal study in which infants who have a sibling with ASD, as well as control infants, were tested at 3 months and 6 months of age. A greater understanding of the early development of autism may aid in future screening and early detection of autistic development.
Infants in this study belonged to one of two groups: the infant sibling group or the control group. Exclusion criteria for both groups were preterm birth, birth complications, twin or multiple birth, and extremely low birth weight, or any diagnosed developmental disorder.
The infant sibling group was made up of children who have a full genetic sibling with an autism spectrum disorder (31, 18 male). The average ages were 3 months, 3.04 days (SD=15.05 days) at the first visit, and 6 months, 5.12 days (SD=21.12 days) at the second visit. They were recruited either when their older sibling participated in research in an ASD-related study, via public speaking in local forums on autismrelated topics, or through advertisements in pediatrician's offices. The older sibling, in each case, had been given an autism spectrum diagnosis by a clinician using DSM-IV criteria. Each older siblings' inclusion in was confirmed independently by the author using the ADOS [43] (average score for subscales A (Communication) and B (Reciprocal Social Interaction) was 12.25, range: 5 to 21). Thus, the siblings of the infant group included those with classic autism, Aspergers, and PDDNOS.
The control group was made up of infants who had no known family member with ASD (61, 35 male). This group was recruited from an existing database that comprises children whose mothers were approached in hospital after giving birth and asked to participate in a research database. Their eligibility for this group was established through the parent by 1) explaining to the parent on the telephone during initial intake that we were inviting the baby to participate in a group that had no known ASD in the family 2) verbally asking the parent on their first visit �Does your baby have any relatives with autism spectrum disorders?� and 3) following a negative answer with �None at all�? The average ages were 3 months, 4.16 days (SD=17.22 days) at the first visit and 6 months, 6.68 days (SD=19.89 days) at the second visit. In addition, 7 participants were excluded from all analyses (3 from the infant siblings group, 4 from the control group) because the eye tracking signal was too weak to record.
Two of the three tasks (The face preference and the eye preference tasks, see description below) were presented on a 46 centimeter NEC monitor (26° of visual angle) with a resolution of 1024 by 768 and a refresh rate of 85 Hertz. The monitor was 100 cm from the baby's eyes when the baby's head rested on the back of the car seat.
Eye movements were tracked using the Eye-Trac 6000 ASL, which was controlled by an HP Intel Pentium M laptop and connected to a Sanyo auxiliary video display where the eye could be viewed by the experimenter while data were recorded. The eye-tracking camera was placed 85 centimeters from the infants' eyes and directly in front of the monitor. This camera focused on the left eye and used UV light reflected from the pupil and a corneal reflection obtained using infrared light to follow the infant's gaze.
An initial 3-point calibration procedure ensured that the machine could calculate the location on the computer screen that the infant was looking. The calibration procedure is that proscribed by the Eye Tracker manufacturer. Specifically: three calibration points formed a triangle that spanned most of the screen, as calibration dot placement in a straight line is not thought to be valid. This allows the eye tracker to follow the infant's gaze throughout the experiment and reliably report where his or her gaze was directed on the screen. The calibration process could be visually verified throughout the session, as the eye tracker displayed a disk at the estimated point of foveation, superimposed onto the stimuli that drew the observers' gaze. Calibration happened once at the beginning of the 10 minute data collection period. The eye tracker sampled at 60 Hz, and had a published precision of .25° at this viewing distance, based on adult viewers.
The third task display (the chase preference task described below) was presented on two side-by-side monitors, each a 46 centimeter NEC monitor with a resolution of 1024 by 768 and a refresh rate of 85 Hertz. A video camera was placed between the two monitors.
Infants were secured in a car seat. Younger infants had a cushion fitted around their heads to reduce movement. First, the face preference task and the eye preference task were administered via interleaved trials with the infant in front of an eye tracker. Infants watched displays that included the trials for each of the tasks randomly ordered. Each trail began with an initial sound and fixation video to capture the infant's attention and serve as a fixation target. In each trial, an image appeared on the screen for 5 seconds, followed by 3 seconds of grey screen. Following the face preference and eye preference tasks, infants participated in the chase preference task, described below.
Face Preference
The infant saw an image of a face and a foil image of the same size, matched for luminance and contrast. The images were 27 cm (15°) tall and 17 cm (10°) wide and side-by-side on the computer screen. The face image was a color photograph of a face, with hair combed or pulled off the face, and including the neck and some shoulders. The second image, the foil, was created by phase-scrambling the first image, a process that preserves the spatial frequency content of the image, while randomizing the phase. Specifically, the phase and amplitude components of the face images were separated, and the phase component replaced with the phase of a Gaussian white noise patch matched in size to the original image [44]. Because infants use more of the low end of the spatial frequency range to recognize faces and ignore the high spatial frequencies in face processing, care was taken to ensure that the foil and the face image had the same range of high, low and medium frequency components. Because the structure of images is largely carried by the phase information [45], the resulting foils were not face-like in appearance, despite the preservation of the spatial frequency content. An example is provided in Figure 1.
Each of 10 trials included an image of a different person, and each foil image was displayed with the image from which it was derived. The display remained on screen for 5 seconds. The amount of time the infant spent looking at the left or right half of the screen was measured.
Eyes preference task
In each of 10 trials, an infant was presented with a single, color photograph displaying a different face. The face image displayed was 22 cm (12.5°) tall and 16 cm (9°) wide, was centered on the computer screen and was presented on-screen for 5 seconds. The eye tracker measured whether an infant was looking into the â��eyesâ�� region of interest, which measured 3 cm (2°) tall and 8.5 cm (5°) wide, or the equally sized â��mouthâ�� region of interest. Figure 2 illustrates the regions of interest.
Chase preference task
Trials for the chase preference task were presented on two side-byside monitors. Infants saw the displays described by Rochat et al. [29]. On one monitor, two dots moved about on the screen as if one were chasing the other. In the control display, the two dots moved about at comparable speeds, but without any apparent relationship (e.g. no chasing, no avoiding, etc.). Each or 2 trials was 90 seconds in duration.
A video camera was placed centrally in front of the infant so that looking direction could be coded from video. The measure of interest was the amount of time the infants spent looking at each of the two display monitors. Looking durations to the right or left of the midline were recorded from video by trained coders who were naïve to the infants group assignment as well as the trial type. After all tapes were coded, fifteen percent of them were re-coded by the other rater to ensure that inter-rater reliability was maintained. Individual observers' looking durations estimates did not differ significantly between raters, and inter class correlation analyses revealed acceptable inter-rater reliability: ρ1=0.89.
Preliminary considerations
For each trial type, the point-of-regard is mapped onto a region of interest (ROI) that is specific to the task. For inclusion, infants needed to have measured fixations totalling 1 second for data from a trial to be included and in order for the point-of-regard to contribute to this fixation total, the infant had to look at the screen long enough for the eye tracker to detect gaze, so that saccade information not included in point-of-regard data. Gender did not have a statistically significant effect on performance, so results were collapsed across gender it the following analyses.
For each task, looking duration to two regions of interest was summed across all trials for each infant and two regions of equal size were compared. The ratio used in analyses was the time spent looking at the social information divided by total looking duration. This ratio was the same measure used in the analyses of Young et al. [9].
Looking durations were first analyzed for violations of assumptions of the statistical procedures, and it was found that skewness and kurtosis were less than an absolute value of 1 so did not need to be corrected [46]. Variance was assessed by examining Levene's test for homogeneity of variance. For variables where Levene's test was significant, Fmax ratios were calculated. None of the Fmax ratios were greater than 4 and thus the data was considered to have met statistical assumptions [46].
Each of the three tasks was meant to measure gaze durations in tasks that were thought to index social perceptual development. Correlations amongst proportions of social attention for each task at each time point are presented for each group in Table 1.
Differences in attention to social information
With respect to the face preference task, a 2×2 mixed ANOVA was performed with age as a within-subject factor and group as a betweensubject factor. The dependent measure was the time spent looking at the face divided by the time looking at the entire display. This ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of group (F(1,90)=12.88, p<0.001, η2=0.14) with the control group (M=0.73, SD=0.17) showing longer looking durations toward the face compared to control stimuli to a greater extent than the infant sibling group (M=.58, SD=0.23). In addition, there was a significant main effect for age (F(1,90)=9.049, p=0.003, η2 =0.10), revealing that the face preference increased with age overall (from 0.60, SD=0.27 to 0.71, SD=0.22). There was also a marginally significant age by group interaction (F(1,90)=3.16, p=0.08, η2=0.035). Follow-up t tests revealed that the face preference was significantly stronger in the control group (0.81) than in the infant sibling group (0.61) at 6 months (t(91)=5.68, p<0.001, d=59). In contrast, the group difference (0.65 compared to 0.56) did not reach significance at 3 months (t(91)=1.63, p=0.11, d=0.17). Figure 3 illustrates these findings.
|Infant Sibling Group (n = 31)
|Face at 3
|Eye at 3
|Chase at 3
|Face at 6
|Eye at 6
|Eye at 3
|Chase at 3
|Face at 6
|Eye at 6
|Chase at 6
|Control Group (n = 61)
|Face at 3
|Eye at 3
|Chase at 3
|Face at 6
|Eye at 6
|Eye at 3
|Chase at 3
|Face at 6
|Eye at 6
|Chase at 6
Note: *p< .05, **p<.01, ***p<.001
Table 1: Correlations among proportions of social attention in infants at risk for autism and control infants.
With respect to the eye preference task, a 2×2 mixed ANOVA was performed with age as a within-subject factor and group as a betweensubject factor. The dependent measure was the time spent looking at the eyes region of interest divided by the time looking both the eyes and the mouth regions of interest, summed together. This ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of group (F(1,90)=4.34, p=0.04, η2=0.05), with the control group (M=0.73, SD=0.25) showing a longer looking durations toward the eye stimuli compared to the mouth stimuli to a greater extent than the infant sibling group (M=0.58, SD=0.35). There was no significant main effect for age (0.64 at 3 months compared to 0.67 at 6 months; F(1,90)=0.59, p=0.44, η2=0.006). The age by group interaction was not statistically significant (F(1,90)=1.21, p=0.27, η2=0.01). Followup t tests revealed that the eye preference was significantly stronger in the control group (0.77) than in the infant sibling group (0.57) at 6 months (t(91)=4.12, p<0.001, d=0.43). In contrast, the group difference (0.68 compared to 0.60) did not reach significance at 3 months (t(91)=1.08, p=0.28, d=0.11). Figure 4 illustrates these findings.
With respect to the chase preference task, a 2×2 mixed ANOVA was performed with age as a within-subject factor and group as a betweensubjects factor. The dependent measure was the time spent looking at the half of the display showing the chase display divided by the time looking at the entire display. This ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of group (F(1,90)=7.49, p=0.007, η2=0.08) with the control group (M=0.56, SD=0.11) showing a longer looking durations toward the chase stimuli compared to the independent motion stimuli to a greater extent than the infant sibling group (M=0.49, SD=0.18). There was no significant main effect for age (0.54 at 3 months compared to 0.50 at 6 months; F (1,90)=1.79, p=0.18, η2=0.02). There was also no significant age by group interaction (F (1,90)=0.028, p=0.87, η2=0.003). Follow-up t tests revealed that the chase preference was a significantly stronger in the control group (0.55) than in the infant sibling group (0.47) at 6 months (t (91)=3.02, p<0.002, d=0.32). In contrast, the group difference (0.58 compared to 0.51) was not significant at 3 months (t (91)=1.49, p=0.14, d=0.16). Figure 5 illustrates these findings.
Were social measures stable across time?
Of interest is the question of whether the three measures are related to each other, possibly reflecting common psychological processes. In order to test the extent to which each measure was predictive of performance on the same task across developmental time, relationships between performance at 3 months and performance at 6 months was tested for each task pooling the two groups together. The preference for face stimuli was correlated at 3 and 6 months (r(91)=0.18, p=0.04. The preference for eyes over mouth was correlated at 3 and 6 months (r(91)=0.48, p<0.001. And the preference for animate motion was marginally significant when 3 and 6 months performance was compared (r(91)=0.13, p=0.10.
This study was designed to test the hypotheses that typical infants would be interested in looking at faces, eyes and chase scenarios, that children at risk for developing with autism would show these preferences less than controls, and that group differences would increase in infancy. Two findings emerge: First, there are significant group differences when infant siblings of children with ASD are compared to control infants. Those with no ASD in the family have a stronger preference for social stimuli than those with an affected sibling. Second, there is evidence of a developmental divergence, such that the group difference increases over the first half of the first year.
These results suggest that a group of infants who have a sibling with ASD are different from control infants on measures of social orienting early in the first year. The group difference is consistent with previous descriptions of the broader autism phenotype. Some of the cognitive characteristic of family members of those with ASD are similar to that of probands with ASD [36-38,47] including some deficits in interpreting social information in the eyes region of the face [48]. The results from the current study suggest that these BAP characteristics develop as early as the first year of life. It is possible that there may eventually be a way to screen for children developing with ASD much earlier than current practice.
Other studies have also found measurable differences in the first year between infants with siblings with ASD and control groups, including group differences in under- and over-responsivity to sensory information and smoothness of visual tracking at 12 (but not 6) months [5]. Some research revealing early evidence of BAP characteristics has used eye direction as measured [49] often employing an eye tracker as a sensitive method for measuring development [8,9].
One fundamental question is whether the three tasks measure a single developing social cognitive mechanism such as a preference for social information over non-social information, or rather, whether each task measures a specific developing social perceptual strategy. Correlational analyses suggest that one should not view the three tasks as measuring a unitary developing psychological process. The eyes and face preference tasks did show some relationship each with the other, and this relationship was significant for one pairing in each group. However, in the control group, there is a negative relationship between the chase preference task and the other tasks. This suggests that while each task may be measuring an aspect of social attention, these tasks are mediated by different psychological processes, perhaps with different developmental trajectories. That said, earlier findings suggest that the eyes versus mouth task may measure a specific developmental strategy: although very young infants prefer to look at the eyes over other facial features [24], among older infants, time spent looking at the mouth has been found to be related to development of expressive language, presumably because it aid in word segmentation and comprehension [9]. For example, recent evidence suggests that infants selectively attend to the mouth of a talking face when learning speech [50]. Thus, the infants' use of visual information in the mouth region may be part of a distinct visual strategy, specifically one associate with language learning.
It is interesting that the patterns of correlations among tasks differ between the two groups, primarily because more pairings reached significance in the infant sibling group. This is surprising given that the control group is smaller. This difference is likely explained, in part, by the greater heterogeneity in the infant sibling group, which will ultimately include children with an ASD diagnosis, children who show the broader autism phenotype, and typically developing children. By comparison, the control group shows less variance in development and a stronger preference for social stimuli.
Also of interest is the finding that a group of infants who are siblings of children with ASD show a different developmental trajectory on a set of social perceptual tasks than does a control group of infants. This finding demonstrates a true developmental difference between the two groups. Whereas the control group shows an increase in interest in faces and for eyes between the ages of 3 and 6 months, the infants with siblings with ASD show essentially no increase. As a group, however, the infants siblings are more likely to look at social information than at the foil stimuli, which is not surprising since the group undoubtedly includes infants who are developing typically. Still, the groups are distinguishable, and increasingly so, indicating that on the whole the groups may have different developmental trajectories.
One caveat to keep in mind when considering the results of this study is that group-wise comparisons such as those offered here may not capture differences in developmental trajectories between subgroups of infants developing with autism. Some recent research has identified psychologically distinct subgroups in groups of adults with ASD [19] and in groups of infants at risk for ASD [8,9]. A group-wise comparison such as this will not detect clusters. That said, there could be similar levels of variance in the control group in terms of social cognitive development and a variety of developmental disorders. A longitudinal follow-up with these subjects will help clarify these issues.
The group differences found here may be consistent with the social orienting idea of autistic development. According to this view, social orienting is thought to be critically important to social and non-social cognitive development [13]. This study provides evidence consistent with the social orienting theory of ASD, since the control group and the infant sibling group differed on measures of early social orienting. That said, the study does not provide a strong test of the theory. The social orienting theory posits that early social perceptual deficits seen in this group are causally related to later social cognitive deficits as well as to a subsequent ASD diagnoses. Furthermore, recent work that reports the early development of infant siblings showed that early anomalies in development of infant siblings such as anomalous patterns of face scanning did not predict later autistic development [9]. The results reported here are part of a larger longitudinal study which will eventually offer a stronger test of the social orienting perspective.
The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Brenda Lumsden- Johanson, Sandra Monteiro and Kristen Krysko for extensive work on scheduling participants and collecting data.


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- mrsjjohnson2b
- 6 years ago
- Wedding: November 2011
Everything has been going fine until I went to rent the tent for our reception. This pushed us WAY over budget. The price they told me the first time didn't include liners, draping and such.
I am not giving coworkers a plus 1 unless they are married or in a relationship and technically it's not a plus 1 but rather I'm inviting their spouse or Boyfriend or Best Friend. Well, I overheard a coworker asking someone else if they wanted to attend my wedding with them because her husband didn't want to attend.
To broach the subject, I ask her if her Darling Husband was practicing his dance moves for the wedding just to hear what she would say. She said that he didn't want to come and that she asked one of her Sorority sisters if she wanted to come. I told her that I am sorry but the invitations was for him only and that I only extended the invitation because they are a unit. She said that the seat is already accounted for so she doesn't understand the big deal. Told her I'm sorry but I couldn't accommodate her friend. She was giving me the evil eye after that so I hope that means that she isn't coming.
I asked another coworker her husband's name because I was addressing envelopes and forgot it. She said that he wouldn't come and said she'll see if her sister wants to attend with her instead. I told her the same thing and she was understanding about the situation.
I'm doing RSVP by website so I would like to add something on there about the names listed on there are the only ones that are invited. How can I word this without sound like a B. If it brought to my attention, I have no problem letting them know that they can't bring someone. My mom is paying for my wedding and with this additional cost I can't afford people just showing up with people I don't know to my wedding.
Please help. I am finally under the stress that I've been reading about.

subset: commoncrawl


text: I colored Sweet n Sassy's Rhubarb's Sunflower digi with SU water color crayons. The sentiment is from Sweet n Sassy's Happy Ocean Friends. I stamped it with Basic Gray ink from SU. I added crystal effects from SU to the sentiment.. The teal colored card stock that is the main card is from Recollections and then I matted a sand colored Recollection card stock. I used a dark blue Recollections card stock and behind the blue and pink is Echo park summer days paper. I cut a border from pink Scrap Essentials card stock from Joann's fabric with a Martha Stewarts border punch. I added Caribbean Twinery twine from Sweet n Sassy with a flower button. I am entering this card in the Mojo Monday 200 challenge found here and Scrapalicious challenge # 12 "anything summer" found here.


text:
Syn Learns a Lesson
Genres: Hardcore Teen Blonde Brunettes Big Ass Lingerie Stockings Facial Cumshot First Timers Big Cock Natural Tits High Heels Rock Roll Tattoo Blowjob Lingerie Stockings Piercings CFNM Ebony Asian Milf
Video language: English
In this scene voluptuous Syn is a very unethical business woman, involved in a very shady land scheme. As the clip begins Syn is on the phone with her partner in crime. She is talking about all the money they'll be making, because of the sucker she got to sign papers. After she gets off the phone, sultry Syn being very pleased with the way she looks in her garterbelt, full fashion nylons, and killer red stiletto heels does a very sexy leg tease! Unfortunately for her, the guy she ripped off shows up to get back the papers, and teach her a lesson. When we next see Syn, she is tied up with enough clothesline for a month's worth of laundry! Having heard enough out of her, he gags her, stuffing a big wad of cloth in her mouth taping it in with clear tape, allowing a nice view of her gagged mouth and red lips! He then pulls down her top to play with her big boobs. Syn struggles like crazy,?making plenty of gagged noise. Won't her accomplice be in for a surprise when he finds her with her tits hanging out, trussed up like a Thanksgiving turkey with stuffing... only the stuffing is all in her mouth!
Format: Windows Media
Duration: 9:15
Video: 640x480, Windows Media Video 9, 2929kbps
Audio: 46kbps
File size: 201.8 MB
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Caught Between Worlds
1st Entry
James Wellborn, Junior year, University of the Midwest: A Memoir
The thing I must clarify first is why I, James Wellborn, would be personally involved in such a menial task as journaling. The short answer is money, both the lack of and want of. None of the motley crew that surrounds me is willing to undertake the project, but I can't blame them for not having the vision that I do. I am most certain that this document would be worthless as a standard biography but in the hands of an experienced fiction writer, well I already have dreams of the royalty checks. But this isn't all about the money, no, my second motivator is to meticulously document the rampant insanity of said motley crew. From the minute we somehow landed in a forsaken cave and attacked by things that can't exist… well I get ahead of myself.
It all started with the beginning of my junior year in business school…
Looking back I wonder why I even bothered to apply for the Xerxes scholarship. I have not had a need go unfilled for, well, my entire life. My father was a business man, owning many small businesses; he was successful from an early age. He realized at some point that working with Indian nations was a niche that few men could work in. Determined to capitalize on the unique business opportunities he met my mother and shortly thereafter married her. With that door unlocked, he began a 20 year run that is still talked about in some circles.
So here I am in a no-name university applying for a scholarship. It is not what you think; I did not run away in some rebellious fashion. No, my father suggested that I soak in other experiences outside of the community he was so influential in. He challenged me to find the hidden gems in an area that no one else would over look. I guess I've done exactly that, if that teleportation we experienced was real, and if it could be commercialized. *I now realize the benefit of journaling for the purpose of creating notes, someone else can edit the document… ah the small things.
Okay, the first day of class, the required course for the Xerses scholarship. I walk in on time, no need to be early for a course I don't actually need to take, take my seat, and immediately hop online, and start reading over market news. The afore mentioned motley crew begins filling up the room, but no teacher in sight. There was the classic nerd, if a little dark, I targeted him early as someone to do my work, there was no way I was going to invest time in the course. There were two international students, one being the typical college stoner, such a waste of time, and the other being a British snoody type; she wouldn't acknowledge any of us with a hello. The last two seemed way out of place, but they somehow put the group together. One ROTC soldier-boy, and the opinionated talker. We managed to hit nearly every stereotype, I wonder if that will be hard to work into a piece of fiction…
Still no professor, so I'm just watching the clock, on my computer, waiting for that golden 15 minute mark. Someone else noticed it first, thought I can't remember who, we were all sitting in the room for several minutes and then spontaneously there was a note on the board about the class being moved to the library. There are few things that I am 100% confident of in life, but one of those things is that there was no message on the chalk board when we walked into the room. The rest of the group did not seem fazed by this change, at all, and simply got up to head for the library. I take the time to point this out because it is first indicator that the others are not mentally stable.
The university library deserves its own book. It stands out against the background of the bland campus like watching HDTV on a black and white television from the 50s. In short it is a complete waste. The quality, the architecture, the shear presence of the building, not to mention the incredible selection of rare texts, is not lost on me, nor any of the students here. I simply see large amounts of money spent to impress some imaginary audience and imaginary audiences do not often spend or donate money. Moving on, we finally sorted out which room to go to, and again no instructor. By my watch we were at 12 minutes with no instructional presence. I was more than happy to sit down and wait out the 3 minutes until I could feel justified if walking out of the class. Apparently everyone else in this course was excited to learn though. While this alone is not enough to be another point of insanity it is odd enough that I must make a note of it. In the middle of the table rests an enormous box, of course someone has to look in it. In that box is an enormous book, we are in a library after all. The odd part was the cover and apparent locking mechanism. While I understand the impulse to get at something that you cannot get to, I have trouble envisioning something in a book worth keeping out of someone's hands. Apparently some people are just really into books…and then there was blackness.
I wasn't even paying attention to what was going on with the others and the giant book, everything went black, followed by a sensation that I was being pulled through something smaller than my height or width but no pain. As I came to I saw my classmates scattered around the room, and just as I was getting to my feet an earthquake hit. At this point the story officially gets weird. As I was gathering myself I heard a sound that can only be described like thousands of insects moving around. As I looked toward the sound, a giant version of something between a cockroach and a millipede reared up to 7 or 8 feet tall. There are many things in our world that I do not understand, and things that I do, but have never seen. This thing fell into both categories.
As I stared and pondered about this creature, Mr. ROTC pulls a sword, A FUCKING SWORD, from nowhere and swings it at the creature. I might not be current on all military weaponry but I'm sure I haven't seen the ROTC drilling with anything but flags and guns. Yet he seemed fine with the concept, and began cutting the creature to pieces. I ask you, if you were faced with a very angry looking buffalo; would you a. walk away b. run away c. pull out a sword and attack or d. walk over and pet the buffalo? I know a buffalo and a creature you've never seen before are quite different, but just think of the first time a European saw a buffalo. *note, figure out a better analogy.
Moving on, after the horribly gooey death of the creature, the stoner finds a glowing rock the size of a bowling ball. He then talks to it… It makes me wonder how the world works in an insane mind. What explanation can you possibly give for talking with a rock? Beyond the smaller little hints that I have delivered up to this point, this next one is the strongest indicator of the other's fragile mental state. After having a short discussion with his new glowing rock friend, he then walked around to each other person and asked them to touch it. Each one in turn gave a little shiver as they touched the rock, but otherwise acted as if this was just another day. Another day in a world with gumball flowers and pea soup rivers. I refused to touch the glowing rock, and everyone acted as if I had kicked the family cat. Apparently no one here has every asked themselves if something they are about to do makes sense. Actually, I believe the point I am making here is that they did ask themselves, and insanity said this was a good course of action.
This event was followed quickly by the second strongest indicator of complete insanity. Soldier boy's sword… talked. Everyone clearly heard the voice, albeit a little malevolent sounding, and it clearly came from the sword. I would have been a bit more believing if the metal had folded into a little mouth when it was speaking, but no such luck, it was just producing sound. Clearly everyone heard it, so a talking sword is not the evidence of insanity. Instead the fact that everyone was okay with a talking sword was the final straw which convinced me that no one around me lived in the same world that I came from.
To keep my mind off of the crazies around me I began looking around the room, specifically from where we seemed to come from. I found a book, and it complimented this fantasy world perfectly. The book was full of predominately blank pages. Flipping through the book I came across a page half full of text and then to my amazement I watched the text fill in, as if it was being written while I was staring at it. To elaborate, the book was actually documenting the events that were taking place around me. People finding things, dialog between these apparent characters and me finding the book and be amazed by it writing what was happening. This establishes my working theory of this place. This is a fictitious world operating with rules that could only be found in a book.
Now it was definitely time to leave. For once the others around me seemed slightly sensible in wanting to leave the area as well. Making my way down the first hallway I came to a door which appeared to be locked, doubling back quickly to see what was at the end of the opposing hallway I walked into a room full of cobwebs. When I say full of cobwebs I mean, the prop guy got a little carried away. It was then I made the mistake of following the lead of soldier boy. He had the bright idea to burn the cobwebs with the torches we were carrying… torches, bah.
Anyway, burning them was surprisingly easy, I didn't realize that spider web was so flammable. Thinking back if someone would have asked me to burn spider webs instead of cobwebs I might have had a second thought. Turns out those massive amounts of spider webs are created by massive amount of spiders. Angry spiders, aggressive spiders, and even giant angry aggressive spiders. So now we have several things that should not exist but why stop there. Let's add the ability to create and throw baseball sized globes of green fire. Not for everyone of course, no, just the guy who has never been picked for the baseball team. I'd offer to play catch with him to help improve his aim but seeing what his flaming balls did to the spiders, I don't really want to catch one. It was around this point that I learned the English chick had a thing for touching people. Funny thing is, being English you'd think she would have more of a problem with that, like people from NYC not looking at each other. She did have a comforting effect on the others though so I won't complain too much. Considering how broken everyone is, I think keeping them well and calm would be safest.
I still needed to leave this place, so down the hallway I went. Now the others seemed to hesitate, again the opposite of what a sane mind would do. Giant bugs, aggressive attacking bugs, why would you stay near them? How is leaving not the best possible answer? Anyway, through the other door is a simple room with a pattern on the floor. The book worms put their heads together, and had us stand in specific spots. The adjacent door unlocked so we could proceed. Funny thing is I hadn't seen them work together so well until that point, it was like they kicked into idiot savant mode all of the sudden.
So the door opens and I'm the first one through. I know that I can take a hit better than everyone else, but that motivation paled next to the desire to leave an enclosed space populated by mental patients. (I'm sure whoever edits this will remove some of my references to everyone's insanity but for me it is still a focal point) Down the hall and into another room, two steps in and sharp pain. It reminded me of a time in my past when I stepped on a nail. In fact that was a pretty good comparison because I had stepped on some type of glass caltrop. Thinking about this after the fact, there has got to be some market for traps like this, they were incredibly well crafted, nearly invisible, and they successfully slowed me down. I'll have to look into those possibilities.
Again everyone else starts holding me back. I just can't wrap my head around why they would want to stay in a place with wicked creatures, and traps, not to mention the smell. The smell got worse in the next room and then the shambling sounds started. Fortunately, I've seen the Resident Evil movies, and I think they gave me a stable point of reference for the group of walking, armed, skeletons that began attacking us. Regrettably my companions had not, nor did they seem to have watched any other movie with small groups fighting larger forces. I was forced to simply stand in front of everyone else, and begin blocking repeated blows with my shield… oh yeah, I found a shield earlier. I haven't take a beating like that, well ever. I have been beaten plenty with various practice weapons, but that just doesn't prepare you to actually be hit by a real sword. Now I've been through that, and I know I can do it again.
Now the group wanted to physically restrain me. Apparently they are all closet necrophiliacs because they just didn't want to leave the piles of bones that had just attacked us. I foresee having issues with this group of people, they simply do not think about things the way that I do. I'm going to have to find some creative ways to deal with this though, as they all seem to have uses. Success in this world might require some of their talents. As long as they don't kill me in my sleep, because they needed to cuddle with something dead.
Pushing on, we finally came to the entrance of this cave and I couldn't have been happier to breathe fresh air. Walking out into the night sky completed my opinion on this world, as we looked into the sky and saw Earth, floating where the moon should be. We aren't in Kansas anymore; new world, new rules, and new challenges. It was a hell of a way to start my Junior year.


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I picked up a Husqvarna Vapenfabriks Ab Nitro 7mm Rem at a yard sale. However, I only got the stock and barrel -- both in great shape. The price was too good to pass up. I think the receiver & bolt action assay I need to find is a mauser-type actions, but I am not completely sure. Anyone have suggestion on this, such where to find a barrel and action combo or separate pieces? Anyone every had luck getting something like this assembled?
thanks in advance


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Social? You want me to socialize?
Sheesh. You'd think I was entering the professional world, and that my husband to be was already in the same professional world. You'd think we have to network. To socialize.
Oh, wait. We are. And we do.
So that was this weekend. We decided to try mixing friend groups this weekend, and I had some of my friends over (Vintage and Velvet) and Vor had two of his friends over. That was fun. Our first experience at entertaining. Then we had a party that involved people from our professional spheres. That was fun as well. Then we had a party at his Mom's house. Great food, and again, fun.
How did I end up over-socialized if I was having fun?
Sometimes I feel like the little kid who gets over-stimulated and needs to go sit in a quiet room for awhile.
1 day ago


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Ouch ouch ouch. This is probably my most painful 101 goals but it was well worth it. For years I have been wanting to add Reagan and Hunter's astrological sign to my back where I have my sign. I am a Virgo, Reagan is an Aries, Hunter is a Cancer. It was my way of representing them on me forever. I also needed to get another one of mine touched up. Through out the years it has faded a bit and I just needed a little extra punch, so he did that as well. I kind of thought it would be best to get it all done at once, get the pain over and done with.
I am very happy with it although I am sitting here tonight in some pain - wow. Don't let people tell you it doesn't hurt. I have had them before but it's been about 6 years so I think I forgot what the pain was like. They really need to think about giving epidurals for tattoos.
I made Mike bring a long our point and shoot, just to show you my ordeal.
Yes I am in that much pain- the back is a killer. :)
The finished piece. :)


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Twelve sleeps and I'll officially be a student again! I'm ridiculously excited.
I will be studying a Diploma of Specialist Makeup! I am so happy I can finally get back on track with what I love. I will have some cool things to share on here too :)
Love from a super happy girl


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Using the LDAP Protocol with Neo4j Enterprise Edition [Security Series, Part 3]
By Bryce Merkl Sasaki | April 10, 2017
Neo4j 3.1 supports the LDAP protocol, so you can integrate Neo4j with Active Directory, OpenLDAP or other LDAP-compatible authentication services. Unlike with native users, management of federated users is performed through the external LDAP service. The only aspect of user… Read more →
Keywords: access control Active Directory graph database LDAP connector LDAP directory LDAP protocol LDAP search filter LDAP service Neo4j Enterprise Edition openLDAP
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Whisper of the Old Gods expansion coming to Hearthstone by early May
On the second anniversary of Hearthstone's official release, the hype has begun for the most significant set of changes in the game's history—as well as a unique new expansion.
Whisper of the Old Gods will bring 134 new cards to the game in a set that includes some new mechanics for Hearthstone.
Four legendary characters, the "Old Gods," will be part of the expansion: C'Thun, Yogg-Saron, N'Zoth and Y'Shaarj. While nothing has been revealed about the other three, C'Thun is a powerful 10-mana creature who can be buffed by 16 other cards from the set even while the card is still in your deck.
When the expansion goes live, every player who logs in during the launch period will get C'Thun automatically added to their collection, as well as receive three Old Gods packs for free.The new "Standard" and "Wild" formats, with Standard becoming the default competitive format with a restricted card pool, will also launch around the same time. A significant number of existing cards will also be modified in a balance patch when Standard is released—details of these changes will be released nearer to the patch date.
Some of the new user interface associated with the formats, along with nine new slots for storing decks, will arrive in a patch on Monday. That will give players a glimpse of how different Hearthstone will look going forward.
Image via Blizzard


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BC: Good news from heaven the angels bring, Glad tidings to the earth they sing: To us this day a child is given, To crown us with the joy of heaven. - Martin Luther | Love, | The Henderson Family
Have questions? Email us at email@example.com.
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text:
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - It's called the "death spiral," and America's newest warplane, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, is in danger of falling into it before the plane has even gone into service.
The term - recently invoked by top brass involved in the F-35 program - refers to a budgeting Catch-22 that plagues the defense industry. To keep the cost per airplane low, you need to build and sell a lot of planes. But in tough economic times, governments cut orders to save money. That pushes up the cost per plane, leading to more cancellations, pushing up the cost, leading to more cancellations. And so on.


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Joe left yesterday morning on a trip that I'm sure will change him forever. He is going on his first medical mission trip to Trujillo, Peru. He is really excited, but over the last couple days before he left, I could sense a little hesitation about leaving. I hope, for him, it is the best experience of his life and that he comes back a better person than either of us expected because of what I know God is capable of doing.
This past week was an unusual one for Joe. Normally he moans and groans about the kids and me being on facebook whenever he is at home. He thinks its "crazy" for us to want to talk to people on the computer! Let's just say, he's not that fond of computers, unless, of course, it is to find a new grill, a new gadget for a tractor, a place to go on vacation...well, you get the point. Anyway, earlier last week, we reluctantly decided that the best way for us to stay in touch while he was in Peru, was probably to get him an account on facebook. (Phone calls are $4.49/minute) At first I thought I'd make up some random name so that no one could recognize him, except me and the kids, and no one would try to request him to be a friend....clean, easy, no problem....but when it came to choosing a name for him, I just couldn't put another name.....call me crazy, wouldn't be the first time, but I just didn't want to be chatting with him and his name be Johnny Johnson.......that would just be really weird, so I gave him his real name. By the first day he had 7 friend requests and he just looked at me and shook his head! We only accepted one, our pastor, and now Joe is on facebook.
I just talked to him and they made it safely and were heading to their hotel for a little rest before they start their first day. He said the weather is about 67 degrees and it feels wonderful compared to the triple digit temps we have had here for the last 3 or 4 weeks.
Out with the old, in with the new!! School has started back and I am determined to get more organized!! So, out with the old!!
School has started and so far I think both kids are enjoying it.
Anna is ready to be in highschool, but still has one more year in junior high. A lot of her friends are moving up this year and she is sad about that. She decided on the first day of school to stop playing in the band. The practice times were conflicting with the practice times of cheerleading and it was going to be really time consuming for her...more than she wanted. Jake likes each of his 3 teachers in 6th grade. His homeroom teacher is Mrs. Vire. Anna had her in 6th grade and really liked her. He signs up for football on Thursday.
We have had 2 birthdays since I last posted...man I didn't realize it had been so long...first it was Anna's day on August 1.....
This is Joe's cake..his birthday is August 12. Jake and I decided to do a fun cake for him. His Kubota tractor, John Deere lawn mower and Honda fourwheeler stole the show on his cake.
A few more pictures....
last night just before sunset
I think she likes the corn I have been throwing out for her..
Our latest landscaping project..it was a Mother's Day present for ME!! I know it probably doesn't look like much, but believe me....it is a BIG improvement!
Dixie is ready for fall.....it is too darn hot!!
By for now....


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Get the latest tips & apps for your Smartphone
With update, Djay becomes first app to truly leverage iPhone 5 screen size
The Verge Ellis Hamburger Sep 26, 2012
The Verge Sep 26, 2012
Ellis Hamburger Sep 26, 2012 Read Source
Sep 26, 2012
During the iPhone 5 announcement keynote, Apple demoed a few apps like CNN and OpenTable that had been redesigned for the device's larger 4-inch screen. OpenTable added a image carousel, and CNN has "more space to present its stories," Apple SVP Phil Schiller said. "They don't want to just make it bigger," he added, but that's exactly what most developers have done thus far. Since the iPhone 5 launched last Friday, thousands of apps have been updated to take advantage of its larger screen. In the interest of time, most developers have simply expanded their apps' midsections and left everything else the same.


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I love fashion news – well, I do but it's also been quite an ordeal. I first spotted them on my favourite blog (AFTERDRK) and ordered mines the same night (I was planning to wear them on my holiday with my other combination of bracelets; also, they were really cheap – couple euros each I LITERALLY SPENT MORE ON POSTAGE since they come from Holland).
Anyway, they never arrived in the following 10 days and weren't even there to wait for me when I got back. I was disappointed I must confess and prompty emailed them enquiring about my order – I could understand with my perfect dutch (!) that my order was in standby. Couple of days later I got them through the post and I was actually surprised! Why? Because nobody ever replied to me saying they are on the way or something; also because I could see on the website that they now have improved the design (you see, the ones I ordered came in S, M, L whilst the new ones are adjustable) and would have been a nice touch to contact me and ask if I wanted to upgrade my order (also considering that I waited for over 1 month and they hadn't been sent yet!).
Nevertheless, I really like them and considering to order another one in my fave colour (Snow White)… maybe in a while…
I wanna pair the heart one with Diesel bracelet & star one with Orelia bracelet.


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The rich rural scenery of North Fife, Scotland, provides variety from the historic city of St Andrews and the quaint harbours of the East Neuk of Fife. A Royal Palace in Falkland, a Folk Museum in Ceres, a National Trust Mansion House near Cupar, Balmerino Abbey, Lindores Abbey, Newburgh, Dunbog, Glenduckie, Creich, Birkhill, Ballinbreich, Abdie, Upper Flisk and more in beautiful North East Fife. Also the occasional wander.
Tuesday, December 08, 2009
North Fife Photographs Neville and Roy
Neville Lewis and Roy Reagon, two good friends being super cool in my Walsall studio many years ago.
Posted by Peter Mannox at 11:00 PM
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Drove to the B+O Trail at Butler around 2:30 PM today to do a 10 miler. It was starting to snow fairly hard as I began, but needed to get this 10 miles completed. As I ran the snow continued to accumulate but I had the correct shoes on for the conditions and the surroundings were so surreal.
Made it to Bellville and turned around at the 5 mile post. It kept snowing and I kept trudging.
With 3.5 miles to go a guy riding a bike pulled alongside me and low and behold it was Ryan O'Dell, race director for the Mohican Trail 100. He rode and I trudged for the remaining 3.5 miles talking away.
I actually ran much faster second half thanks to Ryan.
Now that was a fun run. Tomorrow if the snow continues as predicted I will use my Katoohlas.


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New Delhi: India's Home Minister Rajnath Singh today straight forwardly blamed neighbour country Pakistan over the present unrest situation in Jammu and Kashmir state by saying that the government will find alternative to use of capsule arms by the security forces to control the protesters.
Rajnath was addressing a shot discussion in the Lok Sabha which was started on Wednesday, he said: "There can be no denying the fact that our neighbour (Pakistan) is singularly responsible for the present deterioration of the situation in the valley."
He further said that, the terrorism India is facing now days is sponsored by Pakistan and that too in the name of religion.
The Home Minister denied that Indian security forces use to take harsh action for controlling protesting mobs in Kashmir valley in recent past.
Singh admitted, "That there could be some irregularities", in the form of high handedness by our security forces.
He further added that the Home Ministry will soon set up expert panel to explore alternative on the use of lethal weapons and pellet bullets.


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Question about Music
Posted by Steve Patrick on
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
A 6ya expert can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
Best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
The service is completely free and covers almost anything you can think of (from cars to computers, handyman, and even drones).
click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Good luck!
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
SOURCE: The middle E key seems to come on at full volume
The contact under that key in the contact membrane is probably needing to be cleaned or replaced. It can be done by you but requires disassembly of the keyboard and removal of the key and adjacent keys to take the contact out. Rub the contact and the place on the circuit board where it makes contact with a pencil eraser and clean the residue off with isopropyl and a qtip. The membrane comes in strips and is replaceable if you can still get the p[arts. You might be better off to consider having it serviced. Hope this helps.
Posted on Aug 17, 2009
Testimonial: "Thank you for your quick response. I will have a go at this repair very soon and advise you should I have any difficulty. "
SOURCE: I have a Casio Privia PX-320. The left side keys
Check that the front of the keys is not hitting the lower plastic case front. If they hit it, then you need to disassemble the case partly and see what has shifted. It is ALSO possible that something has caaaused the aftertouch sensor to move out of position and it is hitting the keys early. ANY of these conditions needs to be addressed before damage is done.
Posted on Dec 01, 2009
SOURCE: My Casio Privia PX-110 is playing two notes at
IF every key sounds like it is doing that, you may have two voices selected with one of them being transposed.
You may have an "effect" turned on that generates a chorus, layered or multiple voice sounds.
Posted on Dec 10, 2009
SOURCE: 7 of the keys on the upper end of my privia px-100
It may due to faulty circuit board of the keyboard. Check for warranty and ask the vendor to replace the keyboard.
Posted on Dec 15, 2009
SOURCE: casio privia key issue
The only way to analyze this is to open the case. You may find contaminating material has gotten in, or broken part, or key slightly out of position on pivots or pivot plastic broken.
When opening, be VERY careful of the tender ribbon cables. Have a large work surface that you can unfold the top onto. Be careful to use correct screw lengths and thread in each place you removed.
Posted on Apr 27, 2010
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Choon Choosday: Philip Glass – Heroes (Aphex Twin Remix)
Heroes is many people's choice as their favourite Bowie tune, and here it is having been put through two remixes by two of my favourite musicians. Philip Glass has released orchestral intepretations of the Low and Heroes albums, and Richard D James, aka Aphex Twin, then got his supremely talented hands on the title track of the Heroes symphony and remixed it even further beyond the original.
I know this won't be everyone's cup of tea but I don't care. It's extraordinary, it's a


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South Korea?s Industrial Production Contracts In June
South Korea's industrial output declined in June from the previous month with exports decreasing and domestic demand continuing to be weak.
According to the report by Statistics Korea, the country's industrial production declined to 0.4 percent in June down from a rise of 1.3 percent in May. The industrial output report comes after last week data released by the Bank of Korea (BoK) showed that the country's economic growth slowed down to 0.4 percent in the second quarter compared to the previous three months, weighed down by the faltering global economy and the intensifying debt crisis in the euro zone.
It was reported last month that the country's consumer confidence fell in June as compared to May. The BoK's consumer confidence index, which is an indication of consumers' overall economic outlook, dropped to 101 in June down from 105 in May.
Earlier this month, South Korea's central bank cut the interest rate for the first time in over three years in a move to stimulate the faltering economic growth of the country. The BoK said that it had decided to cut the interest rate by 25 basis points to 3 percent. This easing in the monetary policy was seen as a much-needed thrust to boost liquidity in the financial system and help the economy regain its growth momentum.
While cutting the interest rate, the central bank said that growth was likely to be weaker than it had expected, with a negative output gap persisting for long. South Korea's economic growth forecast was reduced by the central bank to 3 percent this year, down from 3.5 percent prediction made in April.
With the euro zone expected to head into a deep recession in the second half of the year, conditions faced by South Korea's exporters are unlikely to improve soon. Exports to the EU have been falling and shipments to the U.S. and China have also been disappointing. The business sentiment too is not expected to be positive as a result of the debt crisis faced by the euro zone, which in turn will affect the job market.
South Korea's export-led growth model makes business investment sensitive to the deterioration in the global outlook. The central bank is likely to act again soon and announce another 25basis points (bps) rate cut this quarter.


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Nature or Nurture?
A daily devotion for April 14th
Purification After Childbirth
12 The Lord said to Moses, 2 "Say to the Israelites: 'A woman who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son will be ceremonially unclean for seven days, just as she is unclean during her monthly period. 3 On the eighth day the boy is to be circumcised. 4 Then the woman must wait thirty-three days to be purified from her bleeding. She must not touch anything sacred or go to the sanctuary until the days of her purification are over. 5 If she gives birth to a daughter, for two weeks the woman will be unclean, as during her period. Then she must wait sixty-six days to be purified from her bleeding.
6 "'When the days of her purification for a son or daughter are over, she is to bring to the priest at the entrance to the tent of meeting a year-old lamb for a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a dove for a sin offering. 7 He shall offer them before the Lord to make atonement for her, and then she will be ceremonially clean from her flow of blood.
"'These are the regulations for the woman who gives birth to a boy or a girl. 8 But if she cannot afford a lamb, she is to bring two doves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean.'"
The Lord said to Moses,Say to the Israelites:Lev 12:1-3A woman who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son will be ceremonially unclean for seven days, just as she is unclean during her monthly period. On the eighth day the boy is to be circumcised.
That text certainly reminds us of Mary and Joseph and the baby Jesus. In fact, that Baby came into the world to deal with the very problem which made this chapter necessary. God is not against childbirth, nor against babies. Nor is human birth essentially an inherently unclean event. There is nothing wrong with birth, nor with sex. But these requirements were given to the people of God in order that we might remember a most basic and fundamental fact: that since the fall of Adam every human being born into this world is born into a fallen race.
There is no way by which man in his natural condition is ever going to be able to solve the basic, fundamental problems of human relationships. We are born into a condition that is tainted and twisted. Someone has thrown a monkey wrench into the human machinery, right at the very beginning, and it simply doesn't operate as God intended. God impresses this upon his people by this restriction, this reminder that something connected with birth is unclean. The fact that a mother was unclean for a week after the birth of a male child (two weeks for a female child), and that she had to go through another thirty-three days of purifying after that, provided an opportunity for her and her whole family to be reminded forcefully that the baby was born with a tainted nature. The circumcision of the male baby was an additional reminder that something needs to be removed from the life inherited from Adam.
This is very important because it makes a difference in the way a child is trained. If you think that babies are born absolutely innocent, you will raise your child in quite a different way than if you believe the truth about them. They need guidance and training and help in handling this twisted nature. The world, of course, forgets about this principle. They want to pretend that babies are innocent, and that if you just leave them alone and give them opportunity to express themselves, they will grow into whole, fulfilled persons. So God teaches his people right from the beginning that there is a problem here which must be handled and cannot be ignored.
Thank you, Lord for always teaching me according to reality. Thank you that two thousand years ago you sent a baby into the world, born of a woman, who would bring cleansing for all my sin.
Life Application: The Bible begins at our birth for our tutorial for life, with reminders of our fallenness and carefully prescribed procedures for recovery, again, beginning at childbirth. How awesome that the Son of God was born of woman, on our behalf!
From your friends at www.RayStedman.org
Daily Devotion © 2014 by Ray Stedman Ministries. For permission to use this content, please review www.RayStedman.org/permissions. Subject to permission policy, all rights reserved.


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Since April 2009, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) health system has facilitated more than 4,000 electronic visits (eVisits), and even more importantly, has engaged four different payers to reimburse for this electronic service.
This eVisit program earned the 20-hospital UPMC health system in western Pennsylvania a finalist award in the Healthcare Informatics IT Innovator Awards that was presented at this year's Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Conference in Las Vegas.
Since August 2008 through this March, UPMC has racked up 4,060 eVisits, and the program has seen roughly a 400 percent increase in growth since mid-2010. The health system topped 100 eVisits per month first in October 2010 and then 200 eVisits in December 2010. The eVisit program is tightly integrated with UPMC's patient portal and personal health record (PHR), dubbed HealthTrak (a product from the Verona, Wis.-based Epic Corp., which is UPMC's electronic health record vendor).
"Once you have that solid foundation," says G. Daniel Martich, M.D., CMIO, UPMC, "I think you can more effectively build an eVisit and personal health record program on top of that because without that linkage, the value to the patient and certainly the workflow on the physician side, goes away."
Martich projects the program could see at least a 25 percent growth rate in eVisits over the coming year, barring any significant changes in CMS or other reimbursement policies. There are currently 88 practices in 277 locations using HealthTrak that have registered close to 100,000 patients. Currently, a total of 397 primary care physicians can participate in eVisits.
How it Works
UPMCs' eVisit platform allows non-emergent patients to seek treatment for 25 primary care topics like back pain, bronchitis, burn, cold symptoms, anxiety, depression, and other problems, and the cost is the same as an office visit. (There are no specialist eVisits at this time.) The top problems that patients have requested eVisits for have been sinusitis (26.7 percent) and urinary symptoms (11 percent). Martich has said that his team has tried to be thoughtful around what additional topics to add. Recently, an eVisit for birth control was added, which was created by an internist interested in allowing easier access for underserved populations.
After logging on to their HealthTrak account, patients can select an eVisit and complete a tailored questionnaire to provide the physician with medically relevant data in structured form. The questionnaires are consistent from patient to patient, compared to in-person visits or telephone conversations where the questions asked can vary from encounter to encounter. This consistency leads to a more consistent care and, over time, provides a source of data for analyzing care. After submission of the questionnaire, patients receive responses from their physician, typically within four hours and sometimes within minutes; and physicians are staffed to respond to eVisits through extended daytime hours, with many physicians responding outside of regular hours as well.
"What we've found is that once we tell patients that there is this e-Visit concept," says Martich, "we've been very successful both in growth of the number of patients on the portal, but really the side effect has been that patients are using the e-Visits more and more."
The eVisits functionality was initially developed using code from UPMC's EHR vendor. Custom web page designs and software builds have been repeatedly implemented in the years that followed. The Internet transactions are carried out using Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASPs) (from the Redmond, Wash.-based Microsoft), and the security is provided using Microsoft's Internet Authentication Service (IAS). The database for all data was built using InterSystems Cache (InterSystems Corporation, Cambridge, Mass.).
Fitting into the Fee-for-Service Model
The most important innovation of the eVisit program was the development of a framework for fee-for service based eVisits, which was critical for physician adoption, says Martich. It was and remains challenging to get traditionally conservative insurance plans onboard to pay for an email conversation between a doctor and a patient, he says.
Before negotiating with payers, a pilot of the eVisit program was implemented. Data from this pilot program and the logic of using CPT code 99444 for telehealth were presented to several local insurance payers and soon multiple payers came onboard in April 2009.
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Good jobs, but not for disabled?
Good jobs, but not for disabled?
Many companies look for ways to keep "costly" employees out of the labor pool. Phrases like "moral hazard" and "risk management" are seldom heard in everyday conversations about jobs. But they are part of a little-known language that is now being used to impose the latest forms of employment discrimination upon disabled adults, including highly qualified professionals. As employers increasingly try to hold down the costs of health insurance and retirement benefits, they are re-examining these concepts in the search for new methods of reducing expenses by removing disabled personnel from the labor force.
Employers may consider hiring people with disabilities but hesitate because they wonder if those individuals will wind up increasing health insurance costs for their companies. Although it is not lawful in the U.S. and many other countries to not hire an individual on this basis, it is likely that some hiring decisions have unfortunately been made due to this fear. What an employer may fear, specifically, is that a disabled worker, having greater healthcare expenditures, will cause the health insurance provider to raise his company's premiums to account for the added expense. The employer neither wishes to have the cost of employee benefits rise nor to have to pass on greater employee contributions to the cost just because of one person. This concern decreases the apparent value of the job candidate with a disability, and, as a result, that person is passed over for the job.
I believe it is unethical to fire disable people on the above mentioned grounds. Employers should understand that disable people are not ill people. There is a misconception. Is that people with disabilities get sick or need more health care more often than normal. Disability is not necessarily synonymous with ill health. Many disabilities have no health effects other than that which caused the disability. A deaf person is just as likely to be in the peak of health as a hearing person. Someone who uses a wheelchair may have no other health care concerns than whatever caused the paralysis or other condition that necessitated the wheelchair. That cause may very likely have no ongoing repercussions or need further treatment.


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Two British Muslim brothers have been jailed for conspiring to attend a terrorist training camp in Syria and unlawfully possessing ammunition -- the first British citizens to be jailed for terrorist offenses -- the Big News Network website reports today (November 26, 2014).
Mohommod Nawaz, 30, and Hamza Nawaz, 24, admitted leaving their homes in Stratford, East London, to visit a terror training camp in Syria.
The sentencing comes as the British government introduced a new counterterrorism law on November 19 to increase surveillance on people suspected of involvement in jihad.
Mohommod was jailed for four-and-a-half years and his younger brother Hamza sentenced to three years after both pleaded guilty to conspiring to attend a place used for terrorist training between January 1, 2012 and September 16, 2013.
Wednesday, November 26, 2014
British Brothers Are Jailed for Terrorist Offenses; Two Attended a Terrorist Training Camp in Syria
Posted by George Patsourakos at 8:26 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Yeoval Events & What's On This Week
Corporate Monday Race DayMonday, 28 May Dubbo Turf Club
Make Monday your business Day at the Races, Long Lunch and a special business meeting. more
My Fair Lady Presented By WATS2 Jun to 3 Jun Wellington Civic Centre
Wellington Amateur Theatrical Society will be presenting My Fair Lady on Saturday, June 2 at 6pm for the Dinner Show and Saturday, June 3 at 2pm fo... more
Buddha's Birth, Death and EnlightenmentSaturday, 2 June Tharpa Choeling - Wellington Buddhist Centre
Join us for a Celebration with all Buddhist traditions on this special day. Starting with commemorating the 12 Deeds of the Buddha and meditation, ... more
Transport for Connecting with CommunityFriday, 1 June Dubbo RSL Memorial Club
We have our event registrations open for the "Transport for Connecting with Community" workshop on 1 June at the Dubbo RSL. more
Unsent Love LettersFriday, 1 June Macquarie Conservatorium
After the death of Erik Satie, dozens of unsent love letters were found in his Paris apartment. Composer Elena Kats-Chernin and pianist Tamara-Anna... more
SYO State Showcase, DubboSaturday, 2 June Dubbo Christian School
Hear and see the results of workshops with local musicians in the SYO State Showcase. Young musicians from Central West NSW will join with Sydney Y... more
Battle of the VoicesSunday, 3 June Dubbo RSL Memorial Club
The unmistakable voices of Gene Pitney and Roy Orbison will be heard again during this amazing show. Eddie Daniels is without doubt one of the fi... more
Yo Diddle Diddle (Ian Macintosh Theatre)31 May to 1 Jun Bathurst Memorial Entertainment Centre
What if your dream was only one jump away? Cow dreams of doing the impossible – she wants to jump the moon. I wanted to make a show that explores r... more
Portraiture Workshop - Morton Gallery2 Jun to 3 Jun The Morton Gallery
What makes a good portrait? We will pain or draw a portrait, with attention to composition, lighting and colour. Lunch, morning and afternoon tea ... more
SYO State Showcase, OrangeSunday, 3 June Cook Park
The Symphonic Wind Orchestra perform music new and old in the beautiful surrounds of Cook Park. Hear local musicians from Central West NSW join the... more


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Someone else that noticed that the category "sex" only occured in the 1997 list? On the other hand there are more categorys now. Does this mean that the internet isn't about sex anymore?
Well, to put it simply: No, the Web is no longer about pr0n.
Pr0n has become estabilished part of the Web, one of the fundamental services of the Web. There's nothing novel about pr0n anymore; pr0n sites just are.
These days, if you want innovation recognition and fame, you need to start a file-sharing service or offer something new from "community" side. Or something. Either way, pr0n isn't trendy. It just is.
Shakedown? I can only assume the writer meant "shakeout".
And yes, it did really irritate me just enough to write this reply.
Google is about the only one which remains discernable in their tiny little screenshots on the winners page. A testiment to minimal design.
Oh baby, my favourite rant. Nested tables. Lack of ALT tags. Mmmm mmm. Go dob them in to the WAI! [w3.org]
Suddenly there was not just 1 new story, but 5, all claiming to be from different times even though from my POV they'd all show up at about the same time. Maybe Michael just forgot to click "Send" or whatever, because now I think about it I've not noticed any other problems with IE and it's been refreshing everything else on demand without problems. Still, I'd be intrigued if anyone has actually been watching that whole time and had no problems whatsoever.
I think I'll have a browse around now it's been an hour or two and look for other people with this problem....
The reason for this is obvious, the web desginers don't have the final say in what goes online. It's usually some higher up who only uses the web to check his email and doesn't know anything about modems, networks and bandwidth. At least that's how it is at my company.
When is the government going to learn that the public will figure out how to share data, despite company's best attempts otherwise. The restrictions these companies want is quite disturbing, 1984 disturbing. Did you see the earlier article about publishers wanting to restrict the liberties of Libraries!
I'd rather let 1000 guilty men go free then chase after them.
It was so inevitable that Pets.com would die...every time I'd order, I would think to myself, "I will be so sad when this goes out of business next month." Amazing how the people running it never saw it coming.
Was there some amazingly informational part of that site that we've missed?
Let's not forget the other notable exception. Their "best practices" winner is (deservedly so, IMO) Google. Among other things, the front page of Google is only 1918 bytes (lynx -dump -source http://google.com/ | wc --bytes), contains a single 305x118 GIF (with the appropriate height and width tags so that the page renders even before its started loading), and advanced search features are immediately on-hand when necessary but not required to get meaningful results.
So they are gone AND forgotten, so what? The last two years are our "throw everything on the Web and see what stick" period. Try bringing up "Tech Stocks" in a dinner conversation
Another interesting things is that most dot.gones are from the US, this provides a pretty good (and free) lessons to countries where e-commerces are just getting popular. Lessons learned, so lets move on.
It gives me a bit of insight into why ecommerce is such a bust. To get exposure, a sight has to be almost unusable. Then it hurts in the pocketbook to maintain it, and customers won't touch it.
Things equal to nothing else are equal to each other.


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Blocktool Super Deluxe - Below Only
|Corrupt or has significant problems with playability.
|📚 btsd042.zip
💟 belowonly
|🗑 Trash
|Produced By:
|smkdan (via Alcaro)
|Approx Date:
|Binary Size:
|32768 bytes (irrational)
|CRC32 Check:
|FFDE73EE - header mismatch
|SHA-1 Check:
|Other Stuff:
|[Not Available]
|Lunar Magic:
|Version ? 🔓
|Level Edits:
|? (est.)
|First Level:
|Level Images
|(are auto produced and may have errors!)
|(no preview)
Questions? Comments? Corrections? Contributions? Find Zandro on SMWC!
NO ROM REQUESTS. IPS/BPS patches are already provided for download.
I will ignore any requests for removal. Sorry if this affects you. :/