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bluebook citation for books with editors
This video describes how to create in-text citations and footnotes using Harvard Bluebook style. Created by Amanda Howell, Reference Instruction Librarian Regardless of future developments in e-reading technology, I think the book market will have plenty of room for paper books for quite some time, they wont be replaced, like vinyl records have not been supplanted by CDs. For many of the same reasons neither The Bluebook nor the ALWD Citation Manual is a good primer. Like dictionaries, both manuals are designed as If the review is by an author who is not student editor, the core citation is followed by a parenthetical simply identifying the piece as a book review This article is about the legal citation style guide. For other uses, see Blue book.According to Harvard, the origin of The Bluebook was a pamphlet for proper citation forms for articles in the Harvard Law Review written by its editor, Erwin Griswold.[7] However, according to a recent study by 1986) [hereinafter 14TH BLUE-BOOK]. Generically, hereinafter BLUEBOOK.Regardless of what the BLUEBOOK editors decree, state courts will require citations to their own official reporters. Book Citations Most Common FormBasic Bluebook Citation For Cases - ProficientWriters What Is The Bluebook? The Bluebook: A Uniform System Of Citation, 18 Th Ed Is Compiled By The Editors Of The Columbia Law Review, The Harvard Law Review, The I have asked the editors not to make my citations conform to The Bluebook, and they have graciously consented.The bluebook blues. form of citations," and has given the profession a 511-page book that it does not need. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (2015, 20th ed.) AMBER CHISHOLM.B14 Books and Monographs. u Volume number, Author(s), Title pinpoint (edition name of editor, year of publication).
Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on The Bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing.Many of these books contain significant errors and inconsistencies as compared to the authentic Bluebook. At an April 2002 conference organized by LexisNexis for law journal editors, it was noted that almost all "top law schools" rely at least in part on bluebook-ing skills in choosing their editorial staffs.prising book reviews,7 diatribes,8 satires, and defenses of alternate sys-. tems of citation. Bluebook citation help packet. Prepared for your assistance by Arizona Law Review.Compare id. (arguing against constitutional transformation by judicial appointment), with Book Note, Manual Labor, Chicago Style, 101 HARV. Citing Books And In Chapter 93A Rights Book Citation Forms Rule Source:www.suffolk.edu The Best Free Bluebook Citation Generator For Books Feb 3th, 2018 The Legal Citation Is Giving You Troubles?Last Editor (Ed.), Title Of Book The title of the book, also in small caps, should follow. A pinpoint citation directly follows the title, which designates the specific pages on which the cited material appears.Finally, the editors and date should appear in parentheses, as well as the edition if appropriate. Editors Note: Although other articles in this issue conform to the Fifteenth Edition of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, thisSecond, the schools that produce the Blue-book do not always follow its dictates.5 If the Bluebook editors do not follow their own uniform rules, why should others? Bluebook Citation Book Chapter - dhadda.co.uk Tue, 22 Aug 2017 08:16:00 GMT Download Here and Read Bluebook Citation BookFri, 08 Sep 2017 03:53:00 GMT A full template and example to help you write a citation for a Chapter of an edited book in the Bluebook Law Review style.
4. Book with more than three authors or editors: You have a choice of listing all of the authors or editors in the1. Primary sources include cases. For more than eighty years, The Bluebook has provided authoritative guidance to legal citation for American students, professionals, and scholars. Few books cause law students as much dread, pain, anger, and frustration as The Bluebook.Basic Bluebook Citation Guide. The precise format of a case citation depends on a number of factorsThe same rules apply for editors/translators, except that the name goes in the first parenthetical Steps. Citation Templates and Sample Citations. Sample MLA Citation for Book.You would also properly cite the book on your reference page with the specific formatting rules for citing authors, editors and books Searching for bluebook citation book chapter in the book store will be probably difficult.Popular Books Similar With Bluebook Citation Book Chapter Are Listed Below Bluebook citation book Bluebook citation book chapter Bluebook citation book with editor Bluebook citation book short form Bluebook citation book with multiple authors Bluebook citation book review Bluebook legal citation book Blue book citation format book. blue book legal citation tool. Free Online Honda Motorcycle Blue Book. Free APA Citation Generator. [Editor: Admin].Legal Writing Prof Blog Subdivisions Further, the Bluebook editors invite questions from readers that may become additional tips if the answers are of general interest bluebook citation book with editor. bluebook citation book short form. Bluebook (19th ed.) Citation Format Examples. 1. Book published by a single publisher2. Book published in editions by multiple publishers: CHARLES DICKENS, BLEAK HOUSE 49-55 (Norman Page ed Penguin Books 1971) (1853). Generate Bluebook Law Review citations for Books.The whole book. Redirecting you to the appropriate form cancel. Contributors. Author Editor Compiler Translator. Use the Best Bluebook Format Citation Generator for Book Citing. What would you call the biggest time-sucker for law school students?The names of editors and translators, if any, are to be included in the citation in parenthesis. Discover Your Favourite Bluebook Citation Book Chapter Book Right- Phalthys Home Page Way Of Citation (The BlueBook) 5.6. Chapter In Edited Books Michael Sandel The problem is that this book exists for mostly its own sake. With each new generation of editors, changes andAnd I have a peculiar love for the Bluebook because I was a TA for legal research and writing and through teaching Bluebook citations to 1Ls, I came to know it rather intimately. The following information regarding The Bluebook Citation format is an adapted version of the style and for-matting guidelines found in The Bluebook, 20th ed.Use id. to refer to a book or other nonperiodical material cited in the immediately preceding citation (Rule 4, 15.10, 16.9, 17.6, 18.8). The most likely explanation lies in the increasingly proprietary claims of The Bluebook enterprise. Faced with a better teaching book, the ALWD Guide to Legal Citation, and with data sources and software packages that purport to deliver citations that conform to its rules its editors made a The last section lists formatting tips for the Departmental Editors Editorial Board members canIf it is a general citation to the book that you are unable to turn into a pincite, copy the table of contentsAnything Else Look at the Bluebook/Slatebook for citation form. This will tell you what source to pull. Blue Book Citation Example Paper Thesis. Essay on Bluebook Citations Words StudyModeNOTES.Get PhD-Level Help bluebook dissertation-editor. Why Do You Need a Bluebook Format Citation Generator for Book?Well, then welcome to Cite4Me.org, a website that provides you with free Bluebook citation generator for books and other sources! Copy Citation. Note: Depending on which text editor youre pasting into, you might have to add the italics to the site name. Tips. Consult Peter Martins online book for examples of other citations. Some universities host online programs that assist with the Bluebook citation style. Bluebook Citation Kenneth F. Kirwin, Professor Emeritus William Mitchell College of LawB15.1 Books and Other Nonperiodic Materials—Full Citation (contd)In accordance with rule 12.3.1(d), also give the name of the publisher, editor, or compiler unless Books (Rule 15): General rules governing books: Elements: i. Name of author(s) editor(s) or translator(s) ii.Please refer to Bluebook for a complete, detailed guide to Bluebook citations. Citation: Harvard Columbia Law Reviews, The Bluebook: A Uniform Citation (20th ed 2015). The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, 18th ed is compiled by the editors of the Columbia Law Review, the Harvard Law Review, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, andThe opinions of the U.S. Supreme Court are published officially in a set of case books called the United States Reports. Our Bluebook Style Formatting and Editing Services Include: Editing for proper structure and use of citations for cases, statutes, articles, reports, periodicals, constitutions, books, treatises, electronic resources, and administrative, executive, and legislative materials. Blue Book Legal Citation | Best ReviewLegal Citation Citing Cases with The BluebookHow to Use LegalPad, an Editor Designed for Legal Writing According to Harvard, the origin of The Bluebook was a pamphlet for proper citation forms for articles in the Harvard Law Review written by its editor, Erwin Griswold.The two styles are significantly different in citing cases, in use of Ibid or Id. (for Idem), and in citing books and journals.[14] BLUEBOOK (19th ed.) Citation format examples (for footnotes). GENERAL RULES Times New Roman, Size 10, 1 line spacing, Justified. In case of citing a book that has been edited, write ed. or eds. after the name of the editor. Online database. E-book: other. Citing.Redirecting you to the appropriate form cancel. Contributors. Author Editor Compiler Translator. Cite books, journals, websites and more with Cite This For Mes powerful and easy-to-use Bluebook Citation Generator.Bluebook Citation Generator. Are you a law student with an impending deadline? Need to create citations in the Bluebook style? This information will be sent to our editors for review. Rapidly search The Bluebook.Bluebook Citation Book Chapter - Bluebook - index - Index. The Bluebook Goes Mobile (plus Five Free Downloads) by. Bluebook 101: Introductory Signals Bluebook 101: Introductory Signals contributed to the Blue Books citation that follows.Compiled by the editors of the Columbia Law Review, the Harvard Law (13.) Quotations: Make sure that you quote exactly—the editors will be checking!a single signal, you must check the citations according to the order of authorities chart in the bluebook (Rule 1.4).(7.) Supra hereinafter: Once an authority (meaning articles, books, etc. but not cases, statutes Bluebook Citation Book With Editor.
Loading COMMENTS. In fact, you can take interactive tours of The Bluebook that showcase topics such as how to search and find citation guidance quickly, how to familiarize yourself with The Bluebook, and how to use authoritative tips from the Editors.Books: John Knight, A Jury of Twelve, 225 (1st. ed. What Is Harvard Style Book Citation? It goes without saying that every kind of paper requires various sources as it is a proof of its credibility.So, what to do if you should make an appropriate Harvard blue book citation style. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. 20th Edition. Compiled by the editors of Columbia, Harvard, University of Pennsylvania and Yale Law Reviews.Find your book. Way Of Citation (The BlueBook) 5.6. Chapter In Edited Books Michael Sandel, The Title Of The Journal Or Book (ii)Bluebook Citation Form, The Most Common System Of Citation. Purchasing The Book Is Optional.
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text: Travel Accessories Backpacks Duffel Bags Garment Bags Laundry & Boot Bags Organizers Overnight Bags Toiletry Kits Totes & Crossbodies Wheeled Bags Office Computer Cases Desk Supplies Refills Outdoors Food & Beverage Guns & Ammo Cases Best-Sellers Gifts Under $50 My Account Retail Locator Handcrafted in the USA My Account Search Travel Accessories Backpacks Duffel Bags Garment Bags Laundry & Boot Bags Organizers Overnight Bags Toiletry Kits Totes & Crossbodies Wheeled Bags Office Computer Cases Desk Supplies Refills Outdoors Food & Beverage Guns & Ammo Cases Best-Sellers Gifts Under $50 Clearance LICENSED LOGOS Greek Alpha Chi Omega Alpha Delta Pi Alpha Omicron Pi Alpha Phi Chi Omega Delta Delta Delta Delta Gamma Kappa Alpha Theta Kappa Delta Kappa Kappa Gamma Phi Mu Pi Beta Phi Sigma Kappa Zeta Tau Alpha University Auburn University Baylor University Clemson University Florida State University Louisiana State University Mississippi State University Oklahoma State University Rice University Southern Methodist University Texas A&M University Texas Christian University Texas Tech University Tulane University University of Alabama University of Florida University of Houston University of Mississippi University of Missouri University of Tennessee Vanderbilt University Retailer Application Corporate Partners Gifts Under $50 Home > Best-Sellers > Medium Square Duffel **If you would like your item personalized, you must also select a monogram style. If "None" is selected, your monogram will be removed, and the item will ship blank.** Our Price: $293.00 Custom Field 5: yes Availability:: Usually Ships in 6 to 8 Weeks Product Code: 828 Color Swatches reflect color options Black Coated Canvas Burgundy Coated Canvas Espresso Coated Canvas French Blue Coated Canvas Lilac Coated Canvas Mint Coated Canvas Moss Coated Canvas Navy Coated Canvas Ocean Blue Coated Canvas Rose Coated Canvas Saddle Coated Canvas Slate Coated Canvas Monogram Style Gold Foil [Add $10.00] Hot Stamp [Add $10.00] None Silver Foil [Add $10.00] Tool [Add $10.00] Tool with Shells [Add $10.00] Traditional Gold Foil [Add $10.00] Traditional Hot Stamp [Add $10.00] Traditional Silver Foil [Add $10.00] Generic Stamp Anchor Arrow Cross Crown Deer Head Dolphin Fleur de Lis JH Jon Hart Logo Kite Old Key Owl Shamrock Shell Texas Texas Star None Personalization Description Vinyl Coated Canvas with Natural Leather trimFully zippered closures with silver hardwareWebbing handles with Natural Leather detail and silver snap closuresDetachable webbing shoulder strap for easy carryingEnd pockets designed to hold the Small Travel KitSleeve on the back designed to fit securely over the extended handle of a rolling suitcaseCarry on compliantDimensions: 11.5h x 21w x 10d You May Also Like Chico Weekender ID Wallet Clear Grande Our Price: $25.00 Our Price: $293.00 Our Price: $45.00 Our Price: $33.00 Burleson Bag Shave Kit Airport Chico Mini Makeup Case Our Price: $349.00 Our Price: $93.00 Our Price: $25.00 Our Price: $72.00

subset: commoncrawl


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Since today's the day that Hot Rod Magazine Drag Week 2017 arrives at historic Byron Dragway in Illinois, we thought it would be cool to look back on the good old days of the class in the form of this video from 1973. Things sure have evolved since the early 1970s and today's cars are sleeker, safer, and exponentially faster. They do lack some of the personality of the classics though as those cars had unique factory looks that people really loved.
Thanks to a hot tip from pal o' BangShift Dawn Mazi Hovsepian, we're able to share this fantastic video from the 1973 Manufacturer Funny Car Showdown which was held at the awesome Byron Dragway in Byron, Illinois. This race really drew them out with the Chi-Town Hustler, Shirley Muldowney, The Blue Max, Don Schumacher's Wonder Wagon 'Cuda, the Snake and the Mongoose, and a pile of regional nitro burning heroes. The film was made on a Super 8 camera so there isn't sound, but that didn't stop us from being totally into it for the five minute length of the video.
This is a perfect time capsule of the nitro funny car scene in 1973! What's kind of incredible to think about is the fact that loads of street cars that have driven hundreds of miles will be faster than these nitro burning floppers were back in 1973!


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Francis Duggan
Those Who Want Power The Most Always Get It - Poem by Francis Duggan
Those who want power the most always get it and that's how it always will be
And that's why we have wars and famines and that's why we have poverty
The wealthy grow wealthier whilst the poor grow poorer and millions live on the brink of despair
Then suppose it depends on your own situation whether you think life is fair or unfair.
We elect the most unworthy people to Govern us so ordinary in their own way
And if they are those who represent us then what of us all do that say
They don't Govern for all of the people and they don't have a sense of fair play
But suppose too in Nature's wild kingdom you too have the creatures of prey
Those who want power the most always get it to get what they crave for they succeed
But not for the battlers they Govern they only help those of help not in need
Get rid of the big Corporations ruled by Bureaucrats consumed by greed
The good leader rules for everybody and the bad leader only for the well to do lead.
Those who want power the most always get it and good leaders as ever are rare
And thousands each day die of hunger and too few for them seem to care
And the gap between the haves and the have nots keep widening and rank and class distinction still prevails today
And the dream of an egalatarian society is fading and fading away.
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This time round no bought goodies just home made items
- Strawberry fruit sauce
- Bottled Rocha Pears in syrup [7 jars]
- Started Marrons Glace
- 5 Litres (5 jars) Apple Puree
- Green Tomato Chutney 3 big jars and one standard
- Christmas Puddings x 2
- Pickled Onions
- Pecans in Honey
- Almonds in Honey
- Hazlenuts in Honey
So I am getting there very slowly still lots to do though.
And I have some ornaments for the tree I want to make too.
Catch you soon.
How many more sleeps before the big day?


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KISSIMMEE — There's something wonderfully small-time about Dames at Sea.
Forget all your notions of big-budget musicals: Nothing like a big budget has ever gotten near Dames at Sea. No elaborate sets clutter up the stage; when someone needs a palm tree, a cardboard one comes down from on high. No hordes of chorus boys and girls tap their cares away behind the main events; the six lead actors are the chorus, and they do the work of dozens more.


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When Kim Kardashian "exposed" Taylor Swift's knowledge about Kanye West's song "Famous," Twitter broke into debate. As any young professional journalist would do, I decided to hold a press conference in our dorm's main lounge to inform people about the issue.
Ever since I heard Taylor Swift on the radio in middle school, I have loved her. Something about her awkward dancing at award shows makes me feel like she is my best friend. Whenever she is attacked for having too many boyfriends or being too "good," I feel an urge to defend her. So it is no surprise that my friends come to me when they have questions about the latest accusations against her.
The Kardashian and West ("Kimye") scandal was no different. I received numerous text messages and my floor asked me to explain what happened. When I posted in the group that I would be holding a press conference, I immediately received backlash for supporting Taylor. I knew it would be important to have both sides of the argument. So I invited Gabby Birenbaum and Marissa Martinez, who both supported Kimye, to speak with me on the panel.
Even with my expertise in Taylor Swift facts, I was nervous before the press conference started because of my fierce competition. Gabby and Marissa were very adamant about their positions — they had the backing of the people. Gabby is almost as passionate about the Kardashians as I am about Taylor. So there was a lot of knowledge on the panel. It was easy to assume that Taylor was wrong without prior knowledge of the situation because the video recording Kim released confirmed that Taylor had a phone call with Kanye where he warned her she would be featured in his song.
Program director Roger Boye would have been proud. The press conference was balanced and professional. The three of us broke down the history of the feud going all the way back to 2009. We did so with as little bias as possible, which was impressive considering our strong allegiances to Taylor and Kim. After, we expressed our opinions.
Taylor had clearly addressed the phone call in a press release from months before, but that is beside the point. I didn't win over enough people who were adamantly against Taylor, but my arguments were strong, and we all had a great time. Having a fake press conference where everyone was required to raise their hands and say a publication name is a prime example of the kind of nerdy journalism fun we have at the Medill cherub program.
My interest in music, movies and TV, which draws me to journalism, stems from the Taylor Swift obsession I developed as a tween. Although the subject was silly, the press conference allowed us to take a fun break from one of our many busy days. Before the program, I wasn't sure how my interest in pop culture would help me in life, but now I know it can be more than just a hobby.


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MOSCOW, March 18. /ITAR-TASS/. Russia is working on the stepping up of the project aimed at the diversification of gas supplies to China as an alternative to the European market, Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak told reporters on Tuesday.
"Independently on any events we are working on the intensification of this project, as it is a very interesting and mutually beneficial project. We hope that [Russia's gas giant] Gazprom and CNPC [China National Petroleum Corporation] will agree on price in the near future and the project will be launched," he said.


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Executive Summary
Malaysia-The Future of Foodservice to 2021
"Malaysia-The Future of Foodservice to 2021", published by GlobalData provides extensive insight and analysis of the Malaysian foodservice market over the next five years (2016-2021) and acts as a vital point of reference for operators or suppliers.
Malaysia's profit sector foodservice market grew at a CAGR of 4.7% from 2014-2016. This reflects the growing number of urban consumers visiting the market to satisfy their hunger as they shift away from traditional eating habits. As a result, growth is expected to expand to 5.3% until 2021. The majority of this growth will remain in more affluent urban areas.
While QSR leads transactions, FSR is the largest channel by value, representing 23.1% of the profit sector. Trends towards healthy eating and 'healthy indulgence' are expected to continue having an impact on the market. This will help FSR to grow fastest of all channels despite an increase in price consciousness due to rising prices.
The report includes-
Overview of the Malaysian macro-economic landscape: Detailed analysis of current macro-economic factors and their impact on the Malaysian foodservice market including GDP per capita, consumer price index, population growth and annual household income distribution.
Growth dynamics: In-depth data and forecasts of key channels (QSR, FSR, Coffee & Tea Shops) within Malaysia's foodservice market, including the value of the market, number of transactions, number of outlets and average transaction price.
Customer segmentation: identify the most important demographic groups, buying habits and motivations that drive out-of-home meal occasions among segments of the Malaysian population.
Key players: Overview of market leaders within the three major channels including business descriptions and number of outlets.
Case Studies: Learn from examples of recent successes and failures within the Malaysian foodservice market.
Rising prices are 'putting the squeeze' on consumers. While they remain cautious, profit sector foodservice continues to grow, reflecting a cautious optimism.
The urban/rural divide continues to be a major obstacle to the expansion of foodservice outside of cities. Additionally, as the country becomes more urbanized, there is downward pressure on outlet expansion.
Core consumers pushing foodservice growth are the growing middle class. While these consumers are expected to come under renewed pressure due to rising prices, they do not show signs of retreating from the market.
Reasons to buy
Specific forecasts of the foodservice market over the next five years (2015-2020) will give readers the ability to make informed business decisions through identifying emerging/declining markets.
Consumer segmentation detailing the desires of known consumers among all major foodservice channels (QSR, FSR, Coffee & Tea shops) will allow readers understand the wants and needs of their target demographics.
Relevant case studies will allow readers to learn from and apply lessons discovered by emerging and major players within Malaysia's foodservice market.
Read More
Contact Us:
Table of Contents
Report Guide
Executive Summary
Macroeconomic Context
GDP and Consumer Price Index
Population and demographic highlights
Annual household income distribution
Introducing the Consumer Segments
Consumer segment profiles and key identification metrics
Segment engagement overview in three key profit sector channels
Profit Sector Metrics
Key metric highlights
Value share and growth by channel
Outlets and transactions growth by channel
Operator buying volumes and growth by channel
Channel historic and future growth dynamics
Outlet type and type of ownership growth dynamics
Profit Sector by Channel
Quick Service Restaurants (QSR)
Summary and key take-out
Key players
Key consumers
What next?
Full Service Restaurants (FSR)
Summary and key take-out
Key players
Key consumers
What next?
Coffee and Tea Shops
Summary and key take-out
Key players
Key consumers
What next?
Cost Sector Metrics
Channel trends-historic and future growth
Data and channel share breakdown
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KFC McDonald's Corporation Hot & Roll Domino's Pizza Subway Pizza Hut Secret Recipe Sushi King The Chicken Rice Shop Kenny Rogers Roasters Starbucks OldTown White Coffee Chatime Big Apple Donuts & Coffee Dunkin' Donuts Tealive
Foodservice, Malaysia, QSR, quick, full, service, restaurant, FSR, caution, healthy, indulgence, delivery, value, outlets, transactions, fresh, urban, rural, coffee, tea, kopi tiam, cost sector, profit sector
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text:
Hi to all!
I am so sorry that I have not had a chance to post this week. It has been so busy this past week!
I am sure that you all know what I mean. With Christmas coming things never seem to slow down. :) We have been quite busy. We have enjoyed two Christmas parties. One last Saturday and one this past Thursday night.
The party that we attended last week was wonderful. It was a community party and there was a young lady there who had collected a lot of books from people in the community. She allowed all of the children to pick out some books. God was so good! We took home two boxes full of books!
Our children were so excited! I love it.
We love to go to our local public library so this was like having a library right in our home.
We have been trying to find better things for our younger children to do during the day. I love when they read books, build puzzles, and play games.
In the winter we tend to be in the house more so I want to find things that they can do instead of sitting in front of the TV.
With that said we are still trying to do a little Christmas shopping too.
I hope that all of you are doing really well! I am sorry that I missed my Thursday post I will try to catch up for next week.
God Bless, Kathy
Saturday, December 13, 2008
Books, Christmas, and More!
Labels: Blessings, Family fun, Freebies, God's goodness, Holiday
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text:
AT&T Reveals Upcoming Smartphone Plans
Article Comments 15
May 5, 2011, 2:37 PM by Eric M. Zeman @phonescooper
updated May 5, 2011, 2:37 PM
Updated: typo
According to PCMag, AT&T senior vice president of mobile devices, Jeff Bradley, said that the company plans to bring more Android and Windows Phone 7 devices to market in the coming months. First up will be a ruggedized Pantech slider that has a touch screen and keyboard. Bradley noted that its Windows Phone 7 devices were doing well, and it looks forward to offering the HTC HD7S in the future. Bradley said that the HD7S will shop with the Mango update pre-installed. Last, Bradley said that the company plans to lift its current policy which prevents Android handsets from installing non-Market apps. "W were genuinely concerned from a network bandwidth standpoint and a customer experience standpoint for not having any mechanism to take down a bad app," said Bradley. "And the only way we could do it at the time was relying on Google to leverage what [security] they had in [the] Android Marketplace. We took a lot of negative publicity for doing it, but it was 100% driven by a desire to be able to have the ability to support our network and be able to help our customers."
Android Messages with RCS to Reach More Phones On More Carriers
Google says its Android Messages app is on the upswing thanks to new RCS-based tools and growing support from phone makers and wireless network operators. To start, brands now have more power to interact with consumers thanks to RCS business messaging.
Microsoft Lets Android Owners Compare Apps
Microsoft has released a new tool aimed at helping people switch from an Android smartphone to a Windows smartphone. AppComparison, an app for Android handsets, scans the device for apps and then finds the corresponding Windows apps.
Microsoft's Android-App-Porting Tool May Be Shelved
Microsoft has dialed back efforts to port Android apps to the Windows 10 platform, reports Windows Central. In April, Microsoft announced plans to allow app writers to port iOS, web, Win32, and Android apps to the Windows 10 platform.
Google to Do More to Push Security Patches to Android Phones
Google today said it plans to give phone makers and network operators more options for pushing security updates to smartphones. In an annual report published today, Google says some 735 million devices received at least one security update during 2016.
AT&T are a bunch of control freaks
Not like you can't anyway...it's just a little harder.
Funny thing is, off-market apps don't tend to be bandwidth-suckers, unless you're talking about Wireless Tether :p
So many smart phones will be out soon, where's the new iphone?!
The way that Apple leaves AT&T out of the loop is something we all really resented when I wo...
New plans?
Rugged Smartphone?


text:
You can get Rs 35 lakhs to travel the world! Here's how
- IndiaToday.in
- September 21, 2016
- Follow
- Email Author
- IndiaToday.in
- September 21, 2016
- Cruise tourism might be the next big in Incredible India
- Coming in November: This new destination for nature and adventure lovers in Kerala
- India's e-tourist visa will now let travellers stay for 100 days
- This guy quit his job, bought a truck, and used it to travel around Africa for 19 months!
- 5 tools every backpacker would love to have in his kit
If you are a passionate traveller, here's a golden opportunity to earn Rs 35 lakhs--an amount good enough for a lifetime of adventures.
Well, you don't really have to do much because you might have already put in your best efforts by now.
Sculpting In Time (SIT) is running a photography contest in association with the Uttar Pradesh government and the same is being promoted by UP Tourism.
All you need to do is send in your best travel photographs and hope that they announce you the winner. Well, the prize money is Rs 35 lakhs--and you can use all of that for your dream holiday or for a set of multiple vacations till the time you exhaust it all.
Also read: 5 tools every backpacker would love to have in his kit
Although the entries will be accepted for six different categories, four of them are Development, Daily Life, Culture & Heritage, and Nature and Environment--all of which are usually captured by travel photographers. The two other categories are General News and Sports.
Want to participate? You can send in your entries through emails, share them on SIT's Facebook page, or simply share through Whatsapp. Entries will be accepted till October 20, 2016. The coordinates are given in the image below, shared by UP Tourism on its Twitter handle:
The winners will be announced at a grand award ceremony on November 7 at the Janeswar Mishra park in Lucknow. Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav and ex-cricketer Anil Kumble will be among the prominent guests who are likely to attend the event.
For further details, visit www.sculptingintime.in/photocontest
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I am a fan of stone cuts like the baguette and marquise and pear though today, there is a great fondness for the classic solitaire/round cut, especially surrounded by a pave diamond halo.
These jagged looking baguette earrings are a mismatched set by Borgioni. One piece is a stud, and one they described as an ear skimmer. These sell for USD3,040 from Broken English Jewelry.


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"The Oracle" who is known by his stage name "Temple Nation" set to bless his teeming fans with another tongue praising song titled "Halleluyah".
He goes real hard in praising God on this one just same way he did for his previous singles, Fire in My Bones & Speak in Tongues.
You're sure gon put this jam on replay as the Oracle himself sets the mic on fire.
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Listen & also share the Gospel of praising God by shouting #Halleluyah


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Oracle Express Password Reset
Recover the Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Password
Have you forgotten the password for your Oracle Database 11g Express Edition installation? If so, just follow these easy steps to reset it without a problem.
- Open your command prompt. This can be done simply by:
- Click Start
- In the search box type "CMD"
- alter user system identified by "new_password";
- Be sure to change "new_password" to your own password with no quotes.
Now you can log in with system and the new password you just set.
Last Edited: 11/5/13 at 11:20AM


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(INTELLIHUB) — Former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich hit the nail on the head Tuesday evening when he told Fox News' Sean Hannity that both the left and the right came to Charlottesville to create violence as the American Civil Liberties Union had already pointed out on their twitter feed and that the "elite media" are fabricating a "big lie."
"The truth is, President Trump is telling the American people the truth and the elite media hates it and the left hates it and he's going right at the heart of the big lie on the left," the former Speaker said. "Most of the violence we have seen politically this year has been on the left."
"Let's be really clear here what we're faced with in this country," he said. I think we should condemn noo-Nazis — they are an anti-Christian totalitarian anti-Semitic movement — we should be very tough on them. I think we should condemn racism, but frankly, I think we should condemn racism on both sides."
Featured Image: Gage Skidmore/Flickr
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Shepard Ambellas is an opinion journalist, analyst, and the founder and editor-in-chief of Intellihub News & Politics (Intellihub.com). Shepard is also known for producing Shade: The Motion Picture (2013) and appearing on Travel Channel's America Declassified (2013). Shepard is a regular contributor to Infowars. Read more from Shep's World. Follow Shep on Facebook and Twitter.
The post Gingrich: 'President Trump is telling Americans the truth and the elite media and left hate it' appeared first on Intellihub.
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Elaine Blakemore
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An Interview with Elaine Blakemore, Recipient of the Lowell W. Beineke Medal
Elaine Blakemore, interim Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and Professor of Psychology, joined IPFW in 1986. Since then she has been instrumental in shaping the university, serving in many capacities on campus, including 14 years as chair of the psychology department. She is also a distinguished scholar of children's gender development, who has published a well-regarded textbook, Gender Development (2009), more than twenty scholarly articles, and has given more than forty presentations related to gender development.
Blakemore's accomplishments were recently publicly recognized when she received the Lowell W. Beineke Medal for Outstanding Contributions to the Liberal Arts and Sciences, which is awarded to COAS faculty who exhibit excellence in service, teaching, and scholarship. To learn more about the interim dean and award winner, we asked her a few questions.
How did you become interested in psychology?
I took a psychology class my first year in college that was taught by a senior psychology graduate student, and I really liked that class. It's kind of ironic, because the way he taught it, I would be appalled if someone taught an introductory psychology course that way now. It was more experiential, touchy-feely. As a department chair, I would have never hired anyone who taught an introductory class like that. There was subject matter, but a lot of what happened in class wasn't driven by the science of psychology. But I really liked him and the subject matter. So then I started taking other psychology classes, and that's when I declared the major.
Tell me a little more about your specific research interests.
I study developmental psychology or, more specifically, the development of gender roles. You can look at gender development in different of ways, and when I started it was more about sex or gender differences, or "how do males and females differ," which existed as an important question in psychology from the 1900s until about the 1960s.
I was in the middle of graduate school when Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin's The Psychology of Sex Differences (1973) landed on my desk. This fundamental book on gender and development summarized what we knew about gender differences, and examined what we knew of their causes. That shaped the generation going forward. Now there is more focus on the developmental underpinnings of gender development with strong theoretical focus Earlier research would have been atheoretical, like creating list of things that boys and girls were interested in, or how they might differ in special skills like in math or aggression. All that information is valuable and important, but for a developmentalist—for any psychologist—the reasons for behavior are far more important than the descriptions of behavior. Now scholars primarily examine reasons for how behavioral differences between boys and girls develop and how to understand it.
You've done a lot in your career. You've written a book, chapters in books, served on committees, and taught many classes. Which is your proudest accomplishment?
I think my most important overall accomplishment is the gender development book, because it is a summary of research that has been really well reviewed. It's treated as both an upper-level textbook and as a reference work, a scholarly book. There are very few books that are treated as both a textbook and a scholarly work. Because it has the potential to both influence students—a generation of scholars—and to summarize a field, I believe it is my most important scholarly accomplishment.
But my proudest accomplishment is probably that my professional life is balanced. Part of the reason they give you the Beineke medal is for accomplishments in teaching, research, and service. I enjoy teaching and imparting knowledge. And I enjoy service work. I was Speaker of the Purdue University Faculty and presiding officer of the College of Arts and Sciences about six times. I think it's important to be part of the faculty governance process.
I'm also still involved in scholarship. One thing that seems to be particularly special about IPFW is that, for a predominately undergraduate institution, its value and support of research seems unparalleled. You can look at almost every department in the College of Arts and Sciences and find someone who's nationally or internationally known for their scholarship, which is rare in a predominately undergraduate institution. It's something that seems to be part of the core of IPFW.
What do you see for IPFW in the future?
IPFW and other state institutions are under pressure to increase student success. The graduation rate for incoming students is not as high as it ought to be, and there certainly will be efforts in that direction. The graduation rate of students who return or who transfer to IPFW is better, but the numbers are calculated based on people who start here, walk in the door, and graduate in six years. They don't include those who drop out to transfer, or who come back to school after a break. So it's kind of a peculiar statistic for modern college students. It's based on past generations of residential college students who went somewhere for four years and graduated. Still, we will be under that pressure and there will clearly be efforts to improve that number.
I don't know what will happen growth-wise. I think the statistics tend to imply stability or small shrinkage. And there will be administrative changes. I'm only in this position for the next year, so there will be a new dean after next year, and eventually other senior leadership changes.
You talked a bit about IPFW and its mission or core qualities. How much have you seen it change since you started here in 1986?
When I started, the IU and Purdue missions were more separate. There were two schools of arts and sciences—IU's Arts and Letters and Purdue's Science and Humanities—which were separate schools with their own deans. When IPFW began it was like two different campuses, then it started to grow together. IPFW's School of Arts and Sciences was formed during my probationary period. I was on the first curriculum committee for untenured faculty that built a common curriculum for the School of Arts and Sciences, which was a huge undertaking because previously they had different curriculum. All the IU arts and sciences degrees required foreign languages, but Purdue's degrees did not. So we had to develop a single, unified curriculum.
This was the first time I worked with IU faculty. Before that, I never saw them, because we had separate committee structures and everything. Now we are definitely a unified College of Arts and Sciences with an IPFW faculty. It's not very often that you hear people say "Purdue faculty" and "IU faculty." Even though the degrees are still either Purdue or IU degrees, I think we're much more united now and will continue to be in the future.
We also have more traditional-aged students, and more full-time students than when I first came here. But other aspects of IPFW seem unchanged to me. We continue to value excellent teaching and active scholarship. I don't see those things changing.


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GARDENING gurus will be blooming excited with the range of gardening tips and interactive workshop sessions available throughout this year's Toowoomba Carnival of Flowers.
Winning showpieces from The Chronicle Garden Competition and Toowoomba's Exhibition Gardens will provide the perfect backdrop for green thumbs to gain inspiration, tips and expert advice as well as the chance to speak with the city's gardeners.
This year's Ergon Energy, Flower, Food and Wine Festival will also host a number of interactive sessions and workshops so visitors and residents alike can learn from the very best in the horticultural and floral design industries.
Popular ABC Gardening Australia and radio personality Colin Campbell will undoubtedly be a drawcard to this year's event.
Applying his green expertise to a suite of interactive question and answer sessions, Colin will also hold his aptly titled "Ask It, Solve It" workshop on Sunday, September 20.
Other speakers include horticultural writer and presenter John Daly and Toowoomba's Brian Sams who will be sharing gardening tips and expert tricks within the Ergon Energy Flower, Food and Wine Festival's specially designed "up close and personal" speaker's venue.
In addition, Toowoomba Regional Council gardeners, the very people behind carnival's blooming success, will also host a series of Twilight Tours in Laurel Bank Park.
These tours will be enlightening to say the least.


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Tomball, TX
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Slope: 117
Rating: 68.4
Designer: Jay Riviere / Cliff Rampy
Treeline is known for its friendly atmosphere where friends can gather and enjoy a round of golf. In 1995, a major redesign and remodeling project transformed Treeline into a modern championship par-70 golf course. The challenging links give the golfer a variety of shotmaking selections.
The conditions are kept impeccable and the atmosphere relaxing, so come join friends in a golfing experience that has value, challenging golf and tons of fun, including a weekly Wednesday Scramble and Tuesday Skins game.
Membership available: see our website at www.treelinegolf.com for details.


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1Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, USA
2Department of Nursing, William Paterson University, NJ, USA
Received date: July 14, 2016; Accepted date: February 20, 2017; Published date: February 27, 2017
Citation: Simona D, Marshall B (2017) A Historical Perspective of Treatment and Discharge Planning for the Seriously, Chronically, Mentally Ill Patient: A Review of the Literature. Adv Practice Nurs 2:129. doi:10.4172/2573-0347.1000129
Copyright: © 2017 Simona D. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Visit for more related articles at Advanced Practices in Nursing
The movement from institutionalized care to community and home care is evident in all aspects of health care. This shift began in the 1950's in the United States changing the inpatient and outpatient treatment of the chronically mentally ill. The nature of psychiatric illness, however, differs significantly from other ailments. The stigma of mental illness, combined with the cardinal symptom of lack of self-care, often leaves the patient vulnerable impacting safe discharge to the family and community. Advances in mental health care, increased pressure from the public, and changing federal policies over the last six decades have contributed to the American shift towards a more community-centered care model. This review of the literature will examine three defining periods reflecting shifts in care paradigms (1950-1975, 1976-1995, and 1996-2015), and the subsequent changes in treatment provision for the seriously, chronically mentally ill in the United States.
Historical perspective; Seriously, Chronically mentally ill; Discharge planning
The movement from institutionalized care to community and home care is evident in all aspects of health care. This shift has been occurring in the United States in treating the chronically mentally ill as well. The nature of psychiatric illness, however, differs significantly from other ailments. The stigma of mental illness, combined with the cardinal symptom of lack of self-care, leaves the patient vulnerable and impacts safe discharge to the community.
Advances in mental health care, increased pressure from the public, and changing federal policies over the last six decades have contributed to the American shift towards a more community-centered care model. Patients with serious, chronic, mental illness, however, often require frequent hospitalizations for stabilization and ongoing support in order to achieve recovery and optimal functioning in society.
Schizophrenia is a serious, and often disabling mental illness affecting approximately 1.1% of adults, (Macleod et al [1]). Over 51 million people are diagnosed with schizophrenia worldwide, with 2.8 million in the United States. The average age at onset is 16 to 30 years old, affecting males earlier than females. There are several types of schizophrenia, and people diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit different symptoms with various degrees of severity, ranging from mild to severe.
This review of the literature will examine three defining periods reflecting shifts in care paradigms (1950-1975, 1976-1995, and 1996-2015), and the subsequent changes in treatment provision for the seriously, chronically mentally ill, examining the subset of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia, in the United States.
Historical perspective
Early in the 17th century persons with mental illness were treated at home by their families, jailed or tried and hung as witches (Hollingshead et al. [2]). The encarcerated, mentally ill individual could be legally sold into labor, ridding the jail of the problem and providing cheap workers to the neighboring farms. They were people not wanted by their families, their communities or their states. Their symptoms made them difficult to employ and dangerous to provide shelter to. The number of mentally ill patients incarcerated in assylums in the United States by 1956 was estimated at 600,000 (Koyanagi [3], Although the first hospital for the mentally ill was established in New Haven, Connecticut in 1822, the plight of the mentally ill did not improve. These asylums were developed to segregate the mentally ill from those with acute medical problems, and were seen as "dumping grounds", not as therapeutic environments conducive for recovery. The first clinic that was opened for the mentally ill arrived in the early 1950's in New Haven Connecticut, coinciding with the development of new drugs, specifically thorzine in 1954, which reduced some of the symptoms of psychosis, and marked the first paradigm shift in treatment of the psychotic, mentally ill American.
Advances in mental health care, increased pressure from the public, and changing federal policies over the last six decades have contributed to the American shift towards a more community-centered care model (Goldberg et al. [4]). The person with schizophrenia frequently depends on others to function in society. Patients, and their caregivers, often feel unprepared for the transition from hospital to community, resulting in increased stress levels, ineffective coping, social isolation, and overall lower quality of life (Khaleghparast et al. [5]). Discharge planning is an essential component of patient care (Bauer et al. [6]). It is the "process of identifying and preparing for the patient's anticipated health care needs on discharge from a facility" Maramba et al. as quoted in Bauer et al [6]). It acts as a bridge between acute hospitalization and functioning in the community.
Caregivers, often parents, partners, siblings, or other close relatives, are also significantly affected by the plight of the patient diagnosed with a serious, chronic mental illness like schizophrenia (Suro et al. [7]). Families are often driven by a sense of duty toward the mentally ill and are committed to providing care and support. The chronic and recurrent nature of the illness, along with the unpredictability of the inappropriate behaviors, poor motivation for treatment, hygiene, and social interactions, pose daily stressors the patients and caregivers. Examining the three periods of interest (1950-1975, 1976-1995, and 1996-2015) provides a framework that clarifies the changing paradigms in America, and the impact those beliefs and policies have had on the treatment of, and discharge planning for, the seriously, chronically mentally ill.
The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychInfo, and Medline databases were used in this search. Key words and phrases used were: Discharge planning, discharge education, psychosis and mental illness. The search was divided into three chronological categories 1950-1975, 1976-1995, 1996-2015, timeframes reflective of American policy changes, which resulted in a reduction of inpatient beds and a focus progressively shifting towards community care.
Chronological parameters: Choronological parameters were determined by paradigm and policy shifts in american health. The first parameter, 1950-1975, is reflective of the policy of institutionalization on large scale and the introduction of antipsychotic drugs. The paradigm shift from institution to outpatient occurred between 1976-1995, which is identified as the second time period for examination. The treatment model shifted again, from outpatient care to independence and community setting during the period of 1996-2015.
Inclusion factors: Articles published in English, relating to chronic mental illness and discharge planning for the mentally ill. Key words included family planning, mental illness, political impact, policy, and discharge planning.
Additional inclusion factors: Articles were included if they met three criteria; 1) the discussion focused on American treatment of psychosis within the identified time frame, 2) the article included American policy as a variable in changing treatment, and 3) discharge planning for the patient was discussed.
Results: A broad review of abstracts fitting the criteria revealed 300 articles discussing discharge planning related to policy within the time periods. The final synthesis, using the three additional criteria, resulted in 17 articles. Five articles related to policies of 1950-1975 (Table 1), six articles from 1976-1995 (Table 2), and six from 1996-2015 (Table 3).
|Author (year)
|Aim of study
|Research Design
|Main Findings
|Baker F [8].
|To evaluate the orientation of mental health professionals toward human services
|Mental health care services were becoming increasingly inclusive and comprehensive
|Locke BZ (1962)
|To evaluate outcomes of first hospitalizations of schizophrenia patients prior to use of tranquilizers
|Retrospective quantitative design
|40% of first time admitted patients were within 6 months. Shorter stays were observed in younger, employed, educated, and married patient from metropolitan areas.
|Rohde, et al. [10].
|To evaluate effectiveness of treatment of Schizophrenic patients in a general hospital unit
|Quantitative Design
|The results of a follow up of 95 schizophrenic patients treated in the past 10 years showed that 82 were not in hospital at time of study
|Silverman [29]
|To evaluate effectiveness of referral for outpatient follow up
|Longitudinal observational study
|Readmission was reduced to 50% when referrals for outpatient follow up was provided
|Wing, et al. [11]
|To evaluate length of stay and rates of readmission comparing traditional to modern treatment
|Longitudinal observational study
|38 % of patients under traditional treatment were hospitalized for 2 cont. years as compared to 20% on "modern" treatment
Table 1: Summary tables of studies from 1950-present historical review.
|Author (year)
|Aim of study
|Research Design
|Main Findings
|Curson, et al. [13]
|To assess the severity of illness among the hospitalized patients and implications for their future care in the community
|Of the 222 hospitalized patients, 194 exhibited florid sychotic symptoms or presented behaviors that would set them apart in the community
|Farina, et al. [17]
|To evaluate consequences of changing people's views regarding the nature of mental illness
|Questionnaires and journal keeping
|Benefits were seen in shifting public beliefs toward viewing mental illness as a learning problem rather than a disease
|Gruenberg, et al. [12]
|To evaluate the shift from institutionalization to deinstitutionalization
|Narrative literature review
|The shift led to community neglect and deprivation of clinical services
|Kanter, et al. [16]
|To evaluate the use of Expressed Emotion in predicting schizophrenic patient relapse
|Literature Review
|Expressed emotion may predict relapse but it likely does not cause relapse
|Melzer, et al. [15]
|To evaluate effectiveness of community care in schizophrenic patients one year after discharge
|Cross sectional surveys
|Many patients suffered from symptoms upon discharge. These patients required high level of outpatient care and assistance with accommodation.
|Weinstein RM [14].
|To evaluate patient attitudes toward mental hospitalization
|Review of Quantitative research
|Patients were favorable towards hospitalization
Table 2: Summary tables of studies from 1950-present historical review.
|Author (year)
|Aim of study
|Research Design
|Main Findings
|Gerson, et al. [20]
|To explore perceptions of patients and families of patients' needs, functioning, coping and social support in the first 4 weeks after inpatient treatment
|Descriptive study
|Patients had residual symptoms after discharge that interfered with functioning despite the availability of follow-up services.
Both patients and families seemed to lack a thorough understanding of goals for follow-up care.
|Habibi, et al. [22]
|To investigate special educational needs of schizophrenic patients and their families
|Systematic literature review
|The educational needs include six dimensions: social interactions, support resources, knowledge, coping, stigma, quality of life
|Hawthorn et al. [19]
|To examine rates and risk factors of incarceration among psychiatric patients
|Retrospective quantitative design
|Modifiable factors affecting incarceration include homelessness, substance abuse, lack of medical insurance, outpatient care
|Khaleghparast et al. [5]
|To investigate the effectiveness of discharge planning on the knowledge, clinical symptoms, and readmission rates
|Longitudinal clinical trial
|Discharge planning benefits: increased knowledge, decreased symptoms and readmissions
|Lamb, et al. [18]
|To evaluate the shift of inpatient psychiatric care from hospitals to prisons
|Some patients require a high quality structured inpatient treatment instead of outpatient services
|Macleod, et al. [1]
|To identify approaches that could be delivered within community practice to reduce burden and increase knowledge, mental health and coping
|Systematic literature review
|Education improves caregivers' knowledge of schizophrenia
Supportive family education, community support, and support groups can improve burden, coping or mental health
Table 3: Summary tables of studies from 1950-present historical review.
The six main themes recognized during this era of change are as follows: movement towards shorter hospitalizations; team approach; introduction of neuroleptic and antipsychotic drugs; continuity of care after hospitalization; development of comprehensive outpatient programs; and rehabilitation efforts in the community, such as aid with employment and housing [8-12].
Baker [8] identified that during the 1950s mental hospitals were no longer recognized an individual institution, but rather as a collective effort of a community of people. Following this shift, mental health professionals in the 1960s were gradually expanding their practices from solely inpatient institutions to community settings. The mental health professionals were encouraged to follow the new belief system to extend their roles and practices, creating an elaborate network of care.
A major shift from long hospitalization began in the 1950s. Forty eight percent of patients under 34 years of age, diagnosed with schizophrenia, were discharged within six months of admission. All patients with diagnosis of mental illness did not fare as well, with 70 to 80% being hospitalized for periods of two to five years with the remainder still hospitalized past the five year period. Wing et al. [12] reported that of the patients with a new diagnosis of schizophrenia in 1950, approximately 40% were hospitalized for over two years. The rates dropped to 20% ive years later, after the introduction of the medication Thorzine and introduction of outpatient services for the mentally ill. Despite the shorter stays, however, no significant increase in re-admissions were noted.
The positive change in community attitudes toward schizophrenia, and the apparent successful treatment with medication, was identified as having a positive influence on community responsibility for the mentally ill. During this time, the outpatient setting became a collaborative effort, placing the patient in the position of a voluntary member of the team. The introduction of neuroleptic drugs, outpatient medication administration, and long-acting injectable medications also played an important role, gradually replacing formal E.C.T, insulin coma, and leucotomy treatments. Group therapies were introduced during this time period, as part of the treatment options [13-23].
Improvement in discharge planning was recognized as another important step towards shortened hospitalizations. The team approach to the treatment of psychiatric patient brought vital changes to the course of therapy. The traditional psychiatrist-patient relationship expanded to include social workers, physicians, occupational therapists, registered nurses, and clinic nurses, with optional involvement of psychologist and a chaplain. The patient's family played a crucial role in discharge planning as well. Patients without families or visitors had significantly longer hospitalizations, lasting two years or longer (Andrews et al. [23]).
Lack of housing caused lengthy hospitalizations and increased readmissions, making the collective efforts of family and community critical. The hospital environment was preferred by some, especially the homeless. The role of social workers and occupational therapists expanded during this time to include helping mentally ill patients beyond the period of hospitalization with housing and employment, aiding their return to the community setting [24-27].
Silverman [28] followed patients for three years post discharge, who prior to release, were referred to outpatient supervision by a mental welfare officer and psychiatric social worker. These patients were carefully selected during regular scheduled meetings attended by key healthcare providers as part of the discharge planning. These meetings were found to be beneficial as they allowed for effective communication among the clinicians. This resulted in selection of appropriate candidates most likely to gain from outpatient services, such as follow up appointments, assistance with housing and employment, thus decreasing rates of readmission and burden on society.
The paradigm of the 50's supported the mass institutionalization of the mentally ill. As the country moved towards a new paradigm citing asylums and large hospitals as providing inhumane care, federal and state policy-making shifted towards deinstitutionalization of the chronically mentally ill. This change brought new sets of problems to the provision of care to the mentally ill. Large psychiatric hospitals, portrayed as repugnant, were closed, and many patients lacked the access to needed help.
The previously increasing readmission rates reached new heights. The nacent planned continuity of community began failing patients due to gaps in accessibility. Abuse of drug and alcohol rose among the discharged patients, homelessness of psychotic patients or those with poor social skills was common, and patients released to alternate care, such as nursing homes and other adult residencies failed to improve. Increased groups of mentally ill were denied long-term hospital care and supervision based on new policies. Although the process of shifting responsibility from state governments to other agencies and caregivers began with the best intentions, it became evident that the gap in organizing and planning for community services led to the abandonment of mentally ill patients. Despite increased interest and financial investments, community agencies and families were inadequately equipped to provide full time, long-term care of the seriously mentally ill.
Gruenberg et al. [13] identified several issues leading to this failure. There was a spurious association drawn between the low census in psychiatric hospitals and a well-functioning system that was resulting in patient improvement. In fact, the implementation of policies resulting in shorter hospital stays, while resulting in an overall low number of daily occupied beds, produced higher readmission rates. Gruenberg et al. [13] asserted that higher rates of readmission should not be necessarily perceived as negative measure, since shorter hospitalizations naturally created increased need for readmissions, and these patients should not be denied easy access to care. Curson et al. [14] pointed to the large numbers of patients, especially the elderly, who despite prolonged hospitalizations and use of modern treatment, were clearly not ready for discharge to the community.
Curson et al. [14] identified that hospitalization should not be needlessly prolonged to prevent diminishing of patient's ability to function in the community, however, when warranted, it was necessary. State hospital care was identified as excessively confining and humiliating, therefore the trend was to attempt to replace it by community care. In cases where this proved impossible, the new alternative options of nursing homes and locked psychiatric wards were introduced. Unfortunately these environments were no better than those of the state hospitals, and sometimes even more restrictive to the patients.
Where it was possible, patients were admitted into short-term hospitalizations, which prevented long-term stays. The short term admissions resolved the acute symptoms and providing immediate relief to family care givers. Patients reported positive attitudes toward short hospitalizations and community resources, citing beneficial gains from treatment, activities, staff interaction, a safe environment, improved insight into their condition, and opportunities for selfimprovement. In contrast, other patients reported that the available community resources and services were of such low quality, they were better off not using them (Melzer et al. [15]).
The shift towards community care placed a considerable amount of responsibility on the caregivers. A long or difficult strain can lead to caregiver burnout, resulting in complete abandonment of the patient found that while the family's attitudes and behaviors do not cause the mental illness, they have the power to exacerbate a preexisting disorder.
Farina et al. [17] considered effect of public messaging about mental health on public opinion. Their findings stated that opinions are malleable and change with the information provided to them. They evaluated two methods; a blaming approach, identifying psychotic behaviors on a disease process, much like a pneumonia or diabetes, and the assignment of the symptoms of psychosis to a learned pattern of behaviors.
The findings were not uniformly clear but suggested that there may be benefits from portraying mental illness as learning disability. The researchers found that by implying that it was a disease, the stigma associated with this condition continued, and the public tended to promote the perceived helplessness of the patient. This was likely to slow patient progress reducing patient acceptance of the situation, and supporting an unwillingness, and hopelessness in successful behavior change. Associating the symptoms with a learned behavior, however, increased patient active participation in learning about behavioral adjustment. The patient had an active role in the future, rather being a passive victim, waiting for doctor's cure. No significant changes were measured, however, in relieving shame associated with the condition or alleviating family's sense of guilt.
Gruenberg et al. [12] and Melzer et al. [15] discussed individualized care. Chronic patients, especially those with highest need, underused the available community resources. Developing a tailored approach seemed to be the next logical step. This was formulated in the role of a case manager, who could provide a bridge between the fragmented services. This ensured continuity of care, and was able to reach those patients who would otherwise have fallen through the cracks (Melzer et al. [15]). Gruenberg et al. [12] argued against this alternative, stating that a case manager would merely provide ways to cope with the fragmented services, not repair the system.
The gradual shift towards deinstitutionalization delivered a stark reality, while the numbers of mental hospital beds continued to decline, the numbers of psychiatric patients did not. Untreated or noncompliant patients exhibiting bizarre or violent symptoms, required a place to keep themselves and the public safe (Hawthorne et al. [19]). Large populations of mental patients, those who would previously have been admitted to inpatient psychiatry, were now being incarcerated instead. The number of state hospital beds in the United States, by the year 2000, declined from its peak in 1955 of 339 per 100,000 to 22 per 100,000 of population. This was accompanied by a jump in numbers of inmates from 209 per 100,000 in 1978 to 708 per 100,000. It was estimated that approximately 113 of those 708 inmates were mentally ill. When added, there were at least 135 per 100,000 or close to 370,000 of mentally ill patients locked in a form of involuntary, structured setting during that year.
These statistics continued to rise and by 2007, an estimated 64% of incarcerated inmates exhibited symptoms of mental illness (Hawthorne et al. [19]). Mentally ill patients are one of the most vulnerable populations, and are at increased risk for recidivism as well as repeated incarceration. Hawthorne et al. [19] highlighted some of the modifiable factors that affect incarceration risk including homelessness, substance abuse, lack of health insurance, and absence of timely outpatient services.
According to Weinberger et al. [18], society was increasingly reluctant to fund mental health care in all its forms. There was a concurrent effort to relocate funding used on the remaining inpatient beds towards community treatment. All this occurred with a growing criminal justice system hearing little resistance from public and legislators to provide sufficient funds to treat the incarcerated mentally ill. Psychiatric care provided in U.S. prisons uses trained professionals, provides structure, therapeutic activities and appropriate medications but it is an inadequate replacement of the traditional mental health system.
The literature from the era of 1995 to date identified the importance of family involvement, due to the incremental, ongoing shift of responsibility from health care providers to patients and their caregivers. Accessibility of community resources, effective interdisciplinary communication and active, engaged discharge planning is imperative for patient success. Increasingly, the numbers of approved inpatient hospitalizations were limited to a few days, causing a major shift of responsibility to the patient and willing family members. Unfortunately, this solution often failed to provide sufficient time for stabilization, location of housing, and involvement and education of the patient's family. Inadequate planning, even when the caregivers were involved, left them with the burden of ensuring the patients follow up with their outpatient care, medication compliance, and symptom management. The caregivers reported feeling unprepared for the role expressing their poor understanding of the psychiatric patient's needs. Most patients and caregivers found discharge instructions insufficient, or explained that they did not understand the goals of follow up care. Some families expressed concerns regarding lack of resources on follow up care, outpatient services, medication management, and overall limited information regarding post-discharge care. The authors pointed out that although comprehensive treatment programs are often available in the communities, their effectiveness could be greatly improved though a few initiatives. These include establishing clear treatment goals, explaining the program's expectations, and by creating a strong therapeutic union with the families and patients. Gerson et al. [20] also associated caregivers' burnout to the severity of the patient's symptoms and needs, and identified the significance of including the support of caregivers in the care plan.
Khaleghparast et al. [5] stated that the hospital discharge process poses a stressful time for the patients and their families. Treatment compliance improves if careful discharge planning and post discharge treatment are in place. The impact of implementing a discharge plan with schizophrenic patients was studied in several hospitals. Previous findings suggested that the readmission rates of patients diagnosed were very high, possibly reaching 67%. Low patient knowledge regarding treatment was identified as being to blame (Khaleghparast et al. [5]). Examining the effectiveness of discharge planning on the knowledge, clinical symptoms, and rates of re-hospitalization in schizophrenia patients identified appropriate discharge planning to be effective in improving patient's and caregiver's knowledge (Khaleghparast et al. [5]). Subsequently, discharge planning improved post-discharge quality of life, empowered patients and their families to take charge of their health, increased independence, decreased readmission rate, s and medical costs.
Habibi et al. [21] evaluated the specific educational needs of families of patients with schizophrenia. Their research indicated family involvement and education was brought in the last 15 years, as they were increasingly recognized as the main source of long-term care for schizophrenic patient. The authors discussed the detrimental effects of the condition on the entire family unit and the need to involve caregivers in the discharge process, claiming that any attempts at a discharge teaching that does not include family is bound to fail.
When families lack sufficient knowledge and understanding of the disease, they may wrongly blame themselves, experiencing unnecessary grief that can lead to stress and isolation. When families are insufficiently prepared to monitor patient's behavior and treatment, they cannot act to their full potential, nor to the benefit of the patient. Accurate assessment of the family's specific educational needs allows for individualized approach. The six main areas of educational needs that were identified by Habibi et al. [21] were social interactions; sources of support; disease understanding; stigma; coping; and improving quality of life.
Macleod et al. [1], concurring with previous findings, identified the substantial burden of caring for the person with schizophrenia, leading to mental health problems, stress, and loneliness in caregivers. It was identified that mental health professionals can have a significant impact on these negative effects through providing support, education, and information leading caregivers to meaningful resources. Alleviating the level of burden sensed by the caregivers, and improving care for patients with schizophrenia could eventually lead to important health, social, and economic effects for the families.
Multiple interventions were considered by Macleod et al. [1]. Education was one of the primary intervention discussed. Education could be delivered through individual or group interventions, utilizing various settings, delivered by psychiatrists, nurses, and other clinicians, over various time settings from brief intervention to long term therapeutic alliances. Methods of delivering support through education was also discussed, with numerous options including interviews, lectures, booklets, and presentations. This approach grew from their theory that increased knowledge regarding the disease, and methodologies for treatment, can deliver benefits to the caregiver and ultimately to the patient. Evaluation of the results of this study, however, suggested that although this form of intervention improved the caregivers' knowledge, it did not necessarily benefit their coping abilities, decreasing level of burden, or improving their mental health.
Macleod et al. [1] discussed an alternative method to increase knowledge called supportive family education therapy (SFET). SFET was lead nurses trained in the approach, and was focused on developing coping strategies and support mechanisms for the caregivers. The aim of this approach was improving coping, social support, and overall quality of life for families of patients with schizophrenia. Results of this study indicated success in all areas except changing the physical or mental health of the individuals involved. A limitation identified by Macleod et al. [1] indicated that due to the multifactorial approach of the study, it was difficult to distinguish between which interventions, and specific aspects of individual programs, were actually efficacious.
Many family interventions were being examined during this period with focused, main goals of medication compliance, improved communication, problem solving, education, and social networking. The two most common interventions were behavioral family therapy (BFT) Macleod et al. [1] and cognitive behavioral family therapy (Barrow-clough et al. 1998 as cited in Macleod et al. [1]). These interventions were predominantly nurse-lead, and came with mixed findings. Behavioral family therapy appeared to be superior to any other intervention in reducing family care burden, improving in family coping, and increasing knowledge.
Macleod et al. [1] also evaluated the impact of community support services, consisting of case management, assertive outreach, community visits, and daily living programs. These programs, led by community mental health nurses, were found to be effective in burden reduction, however they were often costly and therefore less attractive. They were specific to community support and therefore not applicable to utilization in the acute care setting.
Mutual support groups, led by non-professional caregivers focused primarily on individual empowerment and improved social support. Evaluations of these programs were mainly positive in all studied categories but it was concluded that more studies are required in this area. Day care was the last intervention studied and one with the least representation. Only three studies with small numbers were available but none presented with notable improvements in any category.
Comprehensive discharge planning was found to be one of the effective ways to decrease hospital readmissions and recidivism, enhance treatment compliance, and lower the cost of care. Currently, no gold standard for the discharge process exists, however certain guidelines, based on available frameworks and findings of previous studies, hold promise.
The "self-care training program" begins upon patient's admission, evaluates his progress and educational needs in preparation for a smooth transfer into the community. This program incorporates communication among the patient and members of the health care team, educates him regarding his condition, options, and most importantly improves independence by empowering him to take responsibility of his own health.
Effective therapeutic communication, placing the patient at the center of care through the evaluation of individual educational needs, is an important method to ensure continuity of care. It includes the involvement of the health care team members focused on planning an appropriate, individualized intervention upon discharge, preparing the patient, family and community access to support during the ongoing recovery period. Providing patients with follow up appointments, prior to discharge, is another important piece of the process. Patients without scheduled outpatient appointment following a discharge are twice as likely to be readmitted than those that do.
Family involvement during this process is crucial. Studies indicate that presently 80% of mentally ill patients either reside with families or have regular contact with them. These relationships are often complicated by the multitude of problems that arise from mental illness and its chronicity. Evidence points to the importance of involvement of family members during discharge process and beyond, while respecting patient's right to privacy. Preparation to support this important relationship is a cornerstone of successful recovery.
Schizophrenia is a chronic illness that greatly affects not only the diagnosed individual, but also his immediate family and community. The approach to this diagnosis has evolved over time and undergone fundamental changes. Mental hospitals, or asylums initially introduced in 1700s to deliver a safe, humane care to mentally ill patients were recognized as not being in the best interest of the patient. By the 1950s, institutionalization was demonized due to the inhumane conditions and lengthy, often life-long hospitalizations. Long-term outpatient treatment combined with short acute hospitalizations seemed as a major improvement and quickly become an attractive alternative solution. Initially, the approach appeared successful, with decreasing numbers of occupied hospital beds and relatively steady numbers of readmissions, however closer examination demonstrated that it did not address the problem of the chronicity of the disease.
New policies, transferring financial responsibilities for the mentally ill patient from state hospitals to welfare agencies, led to patient abandonment, as no such shift in responsibility for their care followed. Although in many instances the resources were available for eligible patients, shifting of responsibilities and inadequate communication among them, led to fragmented care. Case managers were introduced to provide a connection among the entities, however critics argued that this was no substitute to the continuity of a uniformed, clinical-team approach.
The shift towards deinstitutionalization presented new challenges. While the trend in general health care in has been to shift responsibility towards the patient and his family, mentally ill patients consist of a very special population, often unable to care for themselves. With rising health care costs and decreasing help from the government, many patients are left untreated and lacking basic accommodations. U.S. prisons are filled with growing numbers of mentally ill patients where they live in substandard conditions, receive inadequate care, and are often ridiculed and mistreated. Inaccessibility of quality community health and substitute housing often leads to homelessness, or many patients become "frequent flyers" in jails, psychiatric hospitals, and emergency rooms as the rates of relapse reach 67%.
Responsibility for the chronic, seriously mentally ill patient, over time, has shifted from the institutional care at the state level, to the individual patients and their families, and back to institutionalization in the form of incarceration in jails and prisons.
Discharge planning, which has been identified as a crucial aspect of recovery, must be part of the new paradigm providing answers and possibilities to not only patients, but also families and communities. Patient faced with incarceration are without an option of a release to the community, and do not have the ability to work with patients and their families on long term discharge planning and follow up. Prisons were developed with primary purpose to protect the public safety and are not equipped provide effective psychiatric care past release.
Patients with chronic mental illness represent one of the most vulnerable patient populations. The current trend towards their incarceration leaves them even more disadvantaged. Additional research is required to evaluate this shift, to explore the kind of recovery they can achieve in this setting, and to evaluate the quality of care received while incarcerated. Above all, further research is needed to design and implement interventions to decrease incarcerations in this susceptible group.


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What's next: Earnings and business reports due October 14-16 (Video)
Expected earnings
MONDAY: Ameriserv Financial, E*TRADE Financial, JB Hunt Transport Services, magicjack Vocaltec, Packaging Corp. of America, Penn National Gaming, Winmark Corp.
TUESDAY: Charles Schwab, Citigroup, CSX Corp., Domino's Pizza, Intel, Johnson & Johnson, M&T Bank, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory, The Coca-Cola Company, Yahoo.
WEDNESDAY: Abbott Laboratories, American Express, Bank of America, Bank of New York Mellon, BlackRock, Comerica, Crown Holdings, eBay, Mattel, PepsiCo, Piper Jaffray Companies, SanDisk, Select Comfort, St. Jude Medical, Stanley Black & Decker, United Rentals, WW Grainger.
Economic events [Some may be subject to federal government shutdown]
MONDAY: [Columbus Day]
TUESDAY: Empire State Mfg Index (8:30am).
WEDNESDAY: Consumer Price Index (8:30am), Treasury International Capital (9am), Housing Market Index (10am), Beige Book (2pm).
Information gathered from Yahoo calendars and Wall Street Journal calendars


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Hey Everyone! I am back again with another project with my Visual Design class. The past couple of weeks we have been using all of the programs we have learned over the semester into what seems like a Final Project. For two weeks we recreated one of our favorite advertisements that we had seen and the past two weeks we have been designing a slide show to show off what we have learned.
Slide Show
Overall Design
While creating this ad I wanted it to resemble the original one with LeBron James. The reason I was drawn to this ad was because of the simplicity and I think that is something that I have always loved about Nike. They never overdo it with their ads and it always shows the athletes rising to greatness. Another reason I loved this ad was because of the faded look they give their athletes. In one sentence you know that you are seeing history and that one day we are going to talk about the athlete as one of the all time greats. While creating mine I wanted to show a similar thing with Gordon Hayward. Every season he has become a better player and I feel like the mantra "We Are All Witnesses" was very fitting.
Images Used
In closing I feel like these programs are great and have many different uses. Being able to use them to create my own ad for a school project and having it be of one of my favorite players in the NBA was very rewarding and I enjoyed it very much. I hope that I was able to embody the same message Nike was trying to convey to their consumers.
Works Cited
Gordon Hayward Image – Google Images – Gordon Hayward
Lebron James Ad – Google Images – Lebron James Nike Ad
These images were simply used for a school project and all of the rights belong to their respected owners. Thanks!


text: I have an acre lot.....we have a back yard with grass, then we have a fence to seperate the "pasture" from the yard and to keep the dogs away from the ducks. So, my ducks just have free roam of the pasture. If I need to separate....HOW? We have a pond for all of them.....do I just put up a fence and tell the boys, "Too bad, the pond is for the girls for now?" Is that what you guys do....just put up a temporary fence, or do you have a permanant spot that you put the ones you are separating??


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Mike Weaver was originally signed as a free agent by Los Angeles in July 2004 and he spent the following year in Manchester (AHL), while the NHL went through a season-long lockout.
That team won 51 games, was led by brand new Ducks head coach Bruce Boudreau and featured such names as Dustin Brown, Mike Cammalleri, Tim Gleason, George Parros and Dave Steckel.
Boudreau was fired at the end of that season, after the Monarchs lost in the first round of the playoffs for the fourth straight year. The following season he won the AHL Championship in Hershey. But, that's a different story for a different day. Back to Weaver...
He played 92 games for the Kings from 2005 to 2007. Fast forwarding a few years, he's now with the Panthers, after signing a free contract in Florida this past August. Following practice yesterday, I spoke with him about his time here...
"It was fun. I enjoyed the weather and enjoyed the city," said the 33-year old defenseman. "But, I'm happy where I am right now, in Florida. Through the wintertime we have the same weather as LA, just the summertime is a little bit more humid. Overall, with every city I go to - and hopefully Florida is my last one - you have your fond memories of each place. You have your positives and negatives with each organization. I think that, overall, LA was a great experience. I enjoyed it."
When asked if he had any favorite memories of playing with Brown back then, the 5-foot-10 native of Ontario, Canada said - "Talking about his heavy hits the next day, after a game," then paused for a few chuckles. "He's a good guy. He's a great leader and he deserves being the captain. I think he's done well for himself. He plays the game hard and he plays it with heart."
A few hours earlier I had asked Brown the same question about Weaver...
"He was a solid player when I played with him," said the Kings' captain. "Small guy with really long arms. So, he's pretty deceiving as a defenseman."
As noted in an article earlier this morning, Weaver won't be the only Panther having a bit of homecoming tonight. Marco Sturm makes his return to Staples Center as well. You can read his thoughts on the experience here.
The Mayor
Interview with Nick Bjugstad - Florida Panthers first round draft pick
Interview with Panthers forward Marco Sturm
Kings' Rob Scuderi recalls his NHL debut vs. the Florida Panthers


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Resolution of the security cameras
As a surveillance tool security camera ensures the highest security by ensuring a standard image resolution. The resolution of IP camera, HD-SDI camera, DVR as well as CCTV camera is not same. Generally CCTV camera suggests 'megapixel resolution' that ensures a high quality image facility. The megapixel resolution of the CCTV camera can successfully observe the broader area of a specific location. It further helps to make a difference between the 'image attributes' as well as ensures more detailed recordings in a 'high variable lighting condition'. The CCTV camera resolution depends on the 'vertical as well as horizontal TVL dimension'. DVR has better resolution than any other analog cameras. DVR ensures two different resolutions type like – 'CIF' as well as 'D1'. D1 has the '740X480 pixels ratio' contains more strong resolution than the CIF and known as '4CIF'. The CIF has '320X240 pixels ratio'. The DVR resolution ensures high 'recording format'. The D1 is identical to the 'DVD quality'. A standard DVR converts the images to 'digital format', stores the '960H digital format into 928X480 resolution size'. It ensures '30FPS' recording rate and store the data into the 'hard drive'. IP camera offers the high resolution as it transmits the recorded data with no 'conversion or compression'. It as well offers the best 'megapixel' facility which usually offers '2048X1536 resolution' and often offers '2592X1944 resolution'. It provides three to nine time greater resolutions than any traditional cameras. HD-SDI camera provides high definition security system provides59 or RG6 coaxial cable'. This high resolution makes the images livelier as well as ensures easy detection of the movement of any individuals or any unexpected incidents. HD-SDI camera can easily capture the 'video footage' for 'high definition motion picture'. It transfers the data at the rate of '1.485 Gbit/s' associating with the 'SMPTE 292M links'. It has enough resolution to transmit the 'uncompressed' as well as 'unencrypted' data.
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