text:
Frank Buckles
Frank Woodruff Buckles | |
Buckles in 1917, at the age of 16
Birth name | Wood Buckles |
Born | Bethany, Missouri, U.S. |
February 1, 1901
Died | February 27, 2011 (aged 110 years, 26 days) Charles Town, West Virginia, U.S. |
Buried at | Arlington National Cemetery |
Allegiance | United States of America |
Service/branch | United States Army |
Years of service | August 1917 – November 1919[1] |
Rank | Corporal |
Service number | 15577[2] |
Unit | 1st Fort Riley Casual Detachment |
Battles/wars |
World War I (soldier)
Awards | World War I Victory Medal Occupation of Germany Medal French Legion of Honor |
Spouse(s) | Audrey Mayo (wife) |
Relations | Susannah Buckles Flanagan (daughter) James C. Buckles (father) Theresa J. Buckles (mother) |
Signature | |
Website | http://www.frankbuckles.org/ |
Frank Woodruff Buckles (born Wood Buckles, February 1, 1901 – February 27, 2011) was a United States Army soldier and the last surviving American veteran of World War I. He enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1917 at the age of 16 and served with a detachment from Fort Riley, driving ambulances and motorcycles near the front lines in Europe.
During World War II, he was captured by Japanese forces while working in the shipping business, and spent three years in the Philippines as a civilian prisoner. After the war, Buckles married in San Francisco and moved to Gap View Farm near Charles Town, West Virginia. A widower at age 98, he worked on his farm until the age of 105.
In his last years, he was Honorary Chairman of the World War I Memorial Foundation. As chairman, he advocated the establishment of a World War I memorial similar to other war memorials in Washington, D.C.. Toward this end, Buckles campaigned for the District of Columbia War Memorial to be renamed the National World War I Memorial. He testified before Congress in support of this cause, and met with President George W. Bush at the White House.
Buckles was awarded the World War I Victory Medal at the conclusion of that conflict, and the Army of Occupation of Germany Medal retroactively following the medal's creation in 1941, as well as the French Legion of Honor in 1999. His funeral was on March 15, 2011, at Arlington National Cemetery, with President Barack Obama paying his respects prior to the ceremony with full military honors.
Early life and education[edit]
Buckles was born to James Clark Buckles, a farmer, and Theresa J. Buckles (née Keown) in Bethany, Missouri, on February 1, 1901.[3][4] He had two older brothers, Ashman and Roy, and two older sisters, Grace and Gladys.[5][6] Several family members lived long lives; he remembered speaking with his grandmother who was born in 1817, and his father lived to be 94.[7][8] His ancestry included soldiers of the Revolutionary and Civil Wars.[9]
In 1903, Frank—then known as Wood—and his brother Ashman contracted scarlet fever.[10] Frank survived, but Ashman died from the disease at the age of four.[10] Between 1911 and 1916, Buckles attended school in Walker, Missouri.[11] Later, he and his family moved to Oakwood, Oklahoma, where he continued his schooling and worked at a bank.[9][12] He was an amateur wireless operator, and an avid reader of newspapers.[13]
World War I and interwar years[edit]
Five months after the American entry into World War I, Buckles sought to enlist in the armed forces. He was turned down by the Marine Corps for being too small, and by the Navy, which claimed that he had flat feet.[14] He fared better with the Army, which accepted that he was an adult even though he looked no older than his 16 years.[15][16] A sergeant advised that a middle initial would be helpful, so he adopted his uncle's name, "Frank Woodruff Buckles".[10] Another sergeant suggested that the quickest way to the front lines would be to seek a position driving ambulances.[12]
Buckles enlisted on August 14, 1917, and went through basic training at Fort Riley in Kansas.[12] Later that year, he embarked for Europe aboard the RMS Carpathia, which was being used as a troop ship.[12] During the war, Buckles drove ambulances and motorcycles for the Army's 1st Fort Riley Casual Detachment, first in England and then France.[14] He later recalled his service as a doughboy:
"There was never a shortage of blown-up bodies that needed to be rushed to the nearest medical care. The British and French troops were in bad shape – even guys about my age looked old and tired. After three years of living and dying inside a dirt trench, you know the Brits and French were happy to see us "doughboys." Every last one of us Yanks believed we'd wrap this thing up in a month or two and head back home before harvest. In other words, we were the typical, cocky Americans no one wants around, until they need help winning a war."[10][17]
Buckles saw the war's impact on malnourished children in France, and more than 80 years later he could remember helping to feed them.[18][19] After the Armistice in 1918, Buckles escorted prisoners of war back to Germany. One German prisoner gave him a belt buckle inscribed "Gott mit uns" (English: God with us), which he kept for the rest of his life.[10] Buckles was promoted to corporal on September 22, 1919.[20] Following an honorable discharge in November 1919,[1] he returned to the United States aboard USS Pocahontas.[21]
Early in the interwar period, he attended the dedication of the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri, in honor of the Americans who died in World War I, and met General of the Armies John Pershing, who commanded the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during the war.[22] Buckles then attended business school in Oklahoma City,[13] and found work at a shipping company in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[18] From 1922 to 1923, he served with the Seventh Regiment of the New York National Guard in New York City[23] where he also worked in financial services.[13]
Next came a career as chief purser on cargo and passenger ships travelling to South America, Europe, and Asia.[24][25] In the 1930s, German and British passengers expressed fears about the Nazis, and military officers told him that Germany was equipping for war. Buckles witnessed antisemitism and its effects firsthand while ashore in Germany, and he warned acquaintances in Germany that their country would be brought down by Adolf Hitler, whom he encountered at a German hotel.[24][26][27] Employed at sea during the Great Depression, he forwarded an $800 Army bonus to his father who was struggling as a farmer in the Oklahoma Dust Bowl (Buckles provided these details many decades later).[28]
During and after World War II[edit]
As of 1940, Buckles had been employed by the White Star, American President, and W.R. Grace shipping companies, and in that year shipping business took him to Manila in the Philippines.[25][29][30] After the outbreak of the Pacific War and the invasion of the Philippines, he reportedly remained in Manila to help resupply U.S. troops.[31][32] He was captured in January 1942 by Japanese forces, and spent the next three years and two months as a civilian internee in the Santo Tomas and Los Baños prison camps.[33][34]
As a prisoner, he battled starvation, receiving only a small meal of mush served in a tin cup—a utensil he kept for the rest of his life.[35] With a weight below 100 pounds (45 kg), Buckles developed beriberi, and led fellow captives in calisthenics to counter the effects of imprisonment.[26][33] Their captors showed little mercy, but Buckles was allowed to grow a small garden, which he often used to help feed children who were imprisoned there.[24][26]
All of the captives were freed following a raid by Allied forces on February 23, 1945.[34][36] Before the war he had become fluent in German, Spanish, Portuguese, and French,[13][37] and by its end had learned some Japanese.[37]
After World War II, Buckles moved to San Francisco, and married Audrey Mayo in 1946.[9][10] Eight years later, the couple bought the 330-acre (1.3 km2) Gap View Farm in West Virginia where they raised cattle.[18][38] Ancestors named Buckles had settled near Gap View Farm centuries earlier.[9]
In 1955, their only child, Susannah, was born.[38] By then, the world traveller had settled down to a life of farm activities, social events, and serving as an officer (eventually president) of the county historical society.[9][39] Audrey Buckles died in 1999, and their daughter moved back to the farm to care for him.[10]
Active centenarian[edit]
After the start of the 21st century, Buckles continued living near Charles Town, West Virginia, and was still driving a tractor on his farm at age 103.[25] He stated in an interview with The Washington Post on Veterans' Day 2007 that he believed the United States should not go to war "unless it's an emergency".[29] He has also stated that, "If your country needs you, you should be right there, that is the way I felt when I was young, and that's the way I feel today."[40]
When asked the secret of long life, Buckles replied that being hopeful and not hurrying were key traits, adding: "When you start to die ... don't".[41] In another interview, the centenarian talked about genetics, exercise, and a healthy diet, but put "the will to survive" above everything else.[38]
Buckles joined actor Gary Sinise in 2007 to lead a Memorial Day parade,[42] and that evening his life was featured on NBC Nightly News.[43] With the death of 108-year-old Harry Richard Landis in February 2008, Buckles became the last surviving American veteran of World War I.[44] The following month, he met with United States President George W. Bush at the White House.[45] The same day, he attended the opening of a Pentagon exhibit featuring photos of nine centenarian World War I veterans, with Defense Secretary Robert Gates in attendance.[46][47] That summer, he visited wounded soldiers at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.[25]
Buckles was the Honorary Chairman of the World War I Memorial Foundation,[48] which seeks refurbishment of the District of Columbia War Memorial and its establishment as the National World War I Memorial on the National Mall. He was named ABC's World News Tonight's "Person of the Week" on March 22, 2009, in recognition of his efforts to set up the memorial.[49] Those efforts continued, as Buckles appeared before Congress on December 3, 2009, advocating on behalf of such legislation.[44][50][51][52] He did so as the oldest person who ever testified before Congress.[24] On Armistice Day (i.e. Veterans Day) of 2010, he made a further appeal:
"We still do not have a national memorial in Washington, D.C. to honor the Americans who sacrificed with their lives during World War I. On this eve of Veterans Day, I call upon the American people and the world to help me in asking our elected officials to pass the law for a memorial to World War I in our nation's capital. These are difficult times, and we are not asking for anything elaborate. What is fitting and right is a memorial that can take its place among those commemorating the other great conflicts of the past century. On this 92nd anniversary of the armistice, it is time to move forward with honor, gratitude, and resolve."[21][53]
Passage of the legislation remained in doubt, because opponents sought relocation of the proposed monument, or alternatively some benefit for the District of Columbia.[54][55] As of July 2013, U.S. Senator Pat Toomey was concerned that such a memorial would lead to the National Mall becoming "cluttered".[56]
A Freemason and longtime Shriner, Buckles was a member of the Osiris Shriners of Wheeling, West Virginia, and he became "the oldest Shriner in Shrinedom".[57][58] Other interests of his included genealogy; he had been a member of the West Virginia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution since 1935,[59] and was active for many years in the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[60][61] He was a Life Member of the National Rifle Association.[62]
On February 1, 2010—Buckles' 109th birthday—his official biographer, David DeJonge, announced a forthcoming documentary about him, entitled "Pershing's Last Patriot", described as a cumulative work of interviews and vignettes.[63][64][65] DeJonge estimated a 2011 release for the documentary,[65] and actor Richard Thomas is expected to narrate the film.[66]
In late 2010, Buckles was still giving media interviews[67] and became a supercentenarian upon his 110th birthday, on February 1, 2011.
On February 27, 2011, Buckles died of natural causes at his home at the age of 110 years and 26 days.[68] He was the second-oldest living man in the United States at the time of his death (Walter Breuning died 46 days later).[69]
Commemoration and funeral[edit]
Buckles did not meet the criteria for burial at Arlington National Cemetery as he had never been in combat, but friends and family secured special permission from the federal government in 2008.[70] That was accomplished with the help of Ross Perot, who had met him at a history seminar in 2001, and who intervened in 2008 with the White House regarding a final resting place.[71]
Upon Buckles' death on February 27, 2011, President Barack Obama ordered that the American flag be flown at half-staff on all government buildings, including the White House and U.S. embassies, on the day in March when Buckles would be buried at Arlington.[72] Leading up to the March 15 funeral, the governors of 16 states likewise called for lowering their states' flags to half-staff.[nb 1]
The United States Senate passed a resolution on March 3, 2011, honoring "the last veteran to represent the extraordinary legacy of the World War I veterans".[89] Concurrent resolutions were proposed in both the Senate and the House of Representatives for Buckles to lie in honor in the United States Capitol rotunda. However, that plan was blocked by Speaker of the House John Boehner and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. When asked for explanation, their spokesmen would not elaborate on reasons for the decision.[90][91] Boehner and Reid instead advocated a ceremony in the Amphitheater of Arlington National Cemetery.[92] Various people had supported a rotunda ceremony, including Buckles' daughter,[93] a great-grandson of Sir Winston Churchill,[94] and former Republican Party presidential nominee Bob Dole.[95]
Faculty and students at Buckles' high school in Missouri gathered to honor him on March 8, 2011.[11][96] His home church in Charles Town held a memorial service, attended by the Episcopal bishop of West Virginia, members of Buckles' family and others.[37] On March 12, 2011, a ceremony was held at the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri, to honor Buckles and the "passing of the Great War generation".[97] The keynote speaker was former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers.[98]
A ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery's Memorial Amphitheater Chapel preceded the interment on March 15.[99][100] During the ceremony prior to burial, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden paid their respects and met with the family.[101]
Buckles' flag-draped coffin was borne to the burial plot on a horse-drawn caisson, and the folded flag was handed to his daughter by United States Army Vice Chief of Staff General Peter W. Chiarelli.[102] Buckles was buried with full military honors in Section 34, near General of the Armies John J. Pershing.[99] Reporter Paul Duggan of The Washington Post summed up the occasion:
The hallowed ritual at grave No. 34-581 was not a farewell to one man alone. A reverent crowd of the powerful and the ordinary—President Obama and Vice President Biden, laborers and store clerks, heads bowed—came to salute Buckles's deceased generation, the vanished millions of soldiers and sailors he came to symbolize in the end.[28]
In Martinsburg, West Virginia, on March 26, 2011, a candlelight vigil was held in memory of Buckles.[103] Attendees made donations for a planned statue of him in Charles Town.[104]
In addition to being the last U.S. veteran of World War I, Buckles was the oldest World War I veteran in the world at the time of his death, as well as the last field veteran of the war.[105] Following his death and funeral, there were two surviving World War I veterans, Florence Green and Claude Choules, both of whom served in the British Armed Forces.[106] Choules died on May 5, 2011;[107] Green died on February 4, 2012.[108]
Honors and awards[edit]
For his service during World War I, Buckles received, from the United States government, the World War I Victory Medal and four Overseas Service Bars. He also qualified for the Army of Occupation of Germany Medal due to his postwar service in Europe during the year 1919, and received that medal after it was created in 1941.[109] Buckles did not qualify for the Prisoner of War Medal, because he was a civilian at the time of his imprisonment by the Japanese.[110]
As a resident of Jefferson County, West Virginia, he was involved for many years with the Jefferson County Historical Society (including as President from 1960 to 1964). In 1981, the honor of Emeritus Officer was conferred upon him by that organization.[39]
In 1999, French president Jacques Chirac awarded him France's Legion of Honour, for his service during World War I.[111]
In 2007, the United States Library of Congress included Buckles in its Veterans History Project (VHP). Information about Buckles' experiences in both world wars is available from the VHP, including a 148-minute video interview.[112]
In 2008, a section of West Virginia Route 9, which passes by his Gap View Farm home, was named in his honor by West Virginia Governor Joe Manchin.[12] The following month, Buckles received the Veterans of Foreign Wars' Gold Medal of Merit at the Liberty Memorial. Also in 2008, he sat for a portrait to be displayed at the National World War I Museum.[113] Buckles received the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry's Knight Commander of the Court of Honour (KCCH) in September 2008.[114]
See also[edit]
- ^ The state governors issuing proclamations were West Virginia acting-Governor Earl Ray Tomblin,[73] Missouri Governor Jay Nixon,[74] Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett,[75] North Carolina Governor Bev Perdue,[76] Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman,[77] North Dakota Governor Jack Dalrymple,[78] Maine Governor Paul LePage,[79] Iowa Governor Terry Branstad,[80] Hawaii Governor Neil Abercrombie,[81] Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley,[82] Connecticut Governor Dan Malloy,[83] Kansas Governor Sam Brownback,[84] Alaska Governor Sean Parnell,[85] Ohio Governor John Kasich,[86] South Dakota Governor Dennis Daugaard,[87] and Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval.[88]
- ^ a b "Honorable Discharge". United States Army. Library of Congress. November 13, 1919. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- ^ Smith, Vicki (February 28, 2011). "Last WWI veteran from US dies in W. Va.". The Christian Science Monitor. Christian Science Publishing Society. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "1910 United States Census". United States Census. Ancestry.com. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "1920 United States Census". United States Census. Ancestry.com. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "1890 United States Census". United States Census. Ancestry.com. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ "1900 United States Census". United States Census. Ancestry.com. 1900. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Infield, Tom (February 1, 2009). "'Our last living link' to WWI". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia Media Network. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=19271148
- ^ a b c d e Stone, Andrea (February 28, 2011). "The Book on Frank Buckles: America's Last Doughboy". AOL News. AOL. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g Duggan, Paul (February 28, 2011). "Last U.S. World War I veteran Frank W. Buckles dies at 110". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b "NEVC students honor Buckles". Nevada Daily Mail. Rust Communications, Inc. March 8, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e McLellan, Dennis (March 1, 2011). "Frank Buckles dies at 110; last American veteran of World War I". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Arnold, Laurence (February 28, 2011). "Frank Buckles, Last Known American Veteran of WWI, Dies at 110". Bloomberg. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ a b Collins, Elizabeth; Lopez, Todd (February 28, 2011). "Last WWI veteran dies". Army News Service. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Duggan, Paul (February 28, 2011). "Frank Buckles, last known World War I veteran, dies at 110". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ "CNN video of House Representative Ted Poe reading Buckles letter into the Congressional record". C-SPAN. National Cable Satellite Corporation. February 3, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Buckles, Frank (July–August 2009). "Guest Article – Frank Buckles" (PDF). The Vietnam Veteran. Vietnam Veterans of America. p. 2. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c Goldstein, Richard (February 28, 2011). "Frank Buckles, Last World War I Doughboy, Is Dead at 110". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "WW I Veterans Remember Their Service". Fox News. November 11, 2003. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
- ^ United States Army (September 22, 1919). "Appointment to Corporal". Library of Congress. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b Smith, Vicki (November 10, 2010). "Last U.S. WWI vet seeks D.C. memorial for fellow vets". Washington Times. News World Media Development. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ Duggan, Paul (November 12, 2006). "Back From Battle, a Generation Kept Fighting". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Last American World War I veteran served briefly in National Guard". New York National Guard report. March 18, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Originally he thought about joining the 69th Infantry, but then his friends said...he should join the 7th Regiment instead.
- ^ a b c d Olsen, Ken (April 1, 2011). "'I never thought I'd be the last one'". The American Legion Magazine. The American Legion. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Last Living World War I Veteran to visit Walter Reed AMC". Walter Reed Army Medical Center. June 25, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c Razes, Joe (August 2009). "World Wars Winner". America in WWII; The Magazine of a People at War 1941–1945. 310 Publishing. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
- ^ Brown, Fred (May 25, 2008). "The Great Warrior: Last U.S. WWI Veteran Has Seen, Survived Much". Knoxville News Sentinel. E. W. Scripps Company. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
- ^ a b Duggan, Paul (March 15, 2011). "Frank Buckles, Last U.S. Veteran of World War I, Is Laid to Rest at Arlington". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b Kunkle, Fredrick (November 12, 2007). "World War I Veteran Reflects on Lessons". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Frank Buckles, last living U.S. WWI vet, dies". CBS News. CBS. February 28, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Hughey, Ray (April 28, 2011). "Honor, Heroism & History". Canby Herald. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
Frank was working in Manila when the Japanese invaded the Philippines in 1941. He spent three years in a Japanese concentration camp after he was captured smuggling supplies to U.S. troops on Corregidor.
- ^ Belisles, Richard (February 28, 2011). "As tributes pour in, friends remember Frank Buckles". The Herald-Mail. Schurz Communications. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
Amoroso said Buckles told him that Gen. Douglas McArthur, commander of American forces in the Philippines in 1941, asked that crew members of the cargo ships remain because their ships would be needed to resupply his troops. Buckles ignored his captain's pleas to leave with the ship and ended up being captured, Amoroso said.
- ^ a b Rubin, Richard (December 12, 2007). "Over There – and Gone Forever". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b "Transcript of interview". Library of Congress. December 19, 2001. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Lorge, Elizabeth M. (May 7, 2008). "Army Salutes Last Doughboy". Army News Service. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Stone, Andrea (March 27, 2007). "One of the last': WWI vet recalls Great War". USA Today. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Buckles honored at Zion Episcopal". The Herald-Mail. Schurz Communications. March 17, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b c Henry, Beth (February 2, 2010). "Last living U.S. World War I vet turns 109". The Journal. Associated Press. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b Perks, Doug (October 2007). "'Open to all who have an interest in the history of Jefferson County' -- The first 80 years of the Jefferson County Historical Society" (PDF). The Guardian: Newsletter of the Jefferson County, West Virginia Historical Society. The Jefferson County Historical Society. p. 4. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
- ^ Couric, Katie (February 28, 2011). "Katie Couric's Notebook: Frank Buckles". CBS News. CBS. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ^ Mostafavi, Beata (April 4, 2010). "Flint college students plan trip to meet America's last living WW1 veteran". Flint Journal. Booth Newspapers. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Madhani, Aamer (May 28, 2007). "His was the 'war to end all wars'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
- ^ Gross, Andy (May 28, 2007). "Last man standing". NBC News. NBCUniversal. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ a b "Americas Last World War I Veteran Frank Buckles". NBC News. YouTube. December 3, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Courson, Paul (March 8, 2008). "Last surviving U.S. World War I vet honored by president". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Last American World War I Veteran Dies". Voice of America. Federal government of the United States. February 28, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Martinez, Luis (March 6, 2008). "Last doughboy gets Presidential 'Thank You'". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "World War I Memorial Foundation – Rededicate the DC WWI Memorial". World War I Memorial Foundation. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "ABC Nightly News May 22 Frank Buckles 'Person of the week'". ABC News. YouTube. March 22, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Courson, Paul (December 3, 2009). "Last U.S. veteran of World War I testifies for memorial". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Henry, Beth (December 4, 2009). "Buckles seeks dedication of national WWI memorial". The Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Parks of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session" (PDF). Government Printing Office. December 3, 2009: 8.
- ^ World War I Memorial Foundation (November 10, 2010). "America's Last WWI Veteran Issues Statement on Final German Reparations, Calls on Nation to Complete Remembrance". PRNewswire. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ Neibauer, Michael (November 13, 2009). "Scrap over best site for WWI Memorial reaches Senate". The Washington Examiner. Clarity Media Group. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Kelly, John (March 31, 2011). "D.C.'s WWI memorial causes 21st-century battle" (PDF). The Washington Post. p. B2. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
- ^ Togneri, Chris. "Filmmaker driven to honor final wish of World War I's last veteran", Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (July 7, 2013).
- ^ Smoot, Naomi (March 14, 2010). "Veterans honor WWI vet Buckles". The Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Cotner, Robert (March 4, 2011). "Osiris Noble Frank Buckles, Eldest Shriner, Dies in West Virginia" (PDF). Shrinelines. Beja Shriners of Green Bay, Wisconsin. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 21, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Fish, Robert B. (Winter 2011). "Frank Buckles: Distinguished Patriot". The SAR Magazine. Sons of the American Revolution. 105 (3): 22–23. ISSN 0161-0511.
- ^ "Preston Smith Tells Sons Confederate Veterans of Historical Spots in Area". Spirit Of Jefferson Farmer's Advocate. March 27, 1969. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Sons Of Confederate Veterans Meeting Jan. 25". Spirit Of Jefferson Farmer's Advocate. January 20, 2000. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Rapid Fire". American Rifleman. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ Henry, Beth (February 2, 2010). "109 and counting". The Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Ford, Chris; Courson, Paul (May 16, 2010). "Volunteers gather at neglected WWI monument". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ a b "Pershing's Last Patriot, a film about the life of Frank Buckles (Release date: 2012)". Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Lohmann, Bill (January 31, 2011). "Last U.S. WWI vet approaches 110". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Media General. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
- ^ Tomaszycki, Scott (September 30, 2009). "Centenarian Soldier: Last known surviving American World War I veteran tells his story". dvidshub.net. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Courson, Paul (February 27, 2011). "Last living U.S. World War I veteran dies". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Table B, as of March 21, 2012
- ^ "Feds Approve Burial of Last WWI Vet at Arlington". WSAZ-TV. Gray Television. Associated Press. April 10, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Arlington Cemetery Makes Historic Exception for World War I Veteran". Salem-News.com. April 8, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Presidential Proclamation—Death of Army Corporal Frank W. Buckles, the Last Surviving American Veteran of World War I". The White House. White House Office of the Press Secretary. February 28, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "5:15 p.m.: Gov. orders flags lowered for Buckles". The Journal. March 2, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Gov. Nixon orders flags to half-staff in honor of Frank W. Buckles, Missouri native who was last American veteran of World War I". Missouri Governor's Office. March 1, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Rizzi, Jennifer (March 10, 2011). "Gov. Corbett: Fly flags at half-mast for last surviving WWI veteran". WHTM-TV. Allbritton Communications. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Gov. Orders Flags to Half-Staff After Death of Last American WWI Vet.". WCTI-TV. Bonten Media Group, LLC. March 12, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Governor Heineman asks for tribute to last WWI veteran". KHAS-TV. Hoak Media Corporation. March 14, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Gov. Dalrymple Directs Flags be Flown at Half-staff Tuesday in Honor of Last WWI Vet". WDAZ-TV. Forum Communications. March 14, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ "Maine flags half-staff to honor WWI veteran". Portland Press Herald. MaineToday Media, Inc. March 14, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Half-staff flags to honor Cpl. Frank Buckles, World War I vets". Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier. Lee Enterprises. March 14, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Flags half staff Tuesday for last surviving WWI Veteran". Hawaii News Now. Raycom Media. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Flying Maryland's Flag at Half Staff – Date & Commemoration". Office of the Secretary of State for Maryland. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Flags to half-staff in remembrance of Corporal Frank Buckles". Norwalk Plus. Canaiden Online Media Network. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Kansas Honors Life of Last World War I Veteran". Kiowa County Signal. GateHouse Media. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Flags Lowered for Last World War I Veteran". State of Alaska Governor's Office. March 15, 2011.
- ^ Lough, Valerie (March 15, 2011). "Flags at half-mast for late WWI veteran". Springfield News-Sun. Cox Enterprises. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "SD Governor Directs Flags Flown at Half-Staff". KELO-TV. New Young Broadcasting. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Gov. Sandoval Orders Flags at Half Staff for Last Surviving WWI Veteran". KOLO-TV. Gray Television. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Senate Resolution 89—Related to the death of Frank W. Buckles, the longest surviving United States Veteran of the First World War" (PDF). Congressional Record. Government Printing Office. March 3, 2011. p. S–1237. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ House, Billy (March 3, 2011). "Boehner Says No Capitol Ceremony For World War I Vet". National Journal. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ Fram, Alan (March 3, 2011). "Congress Blocks Ceremony For Frank Buckles, Last Surviving WWI Veteran". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ Belisle, Richard (March 10, 2011). "Frank Buckles, last U.S. veteran of World War I, to be buried Tuesday at Arlington". The Herald-Mail. Schurz Communications. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Stone, Andrea (March 5, 2011). "Buckles' Daughter Not Taking 'No' for an Answer on Rotunda Honor". AOL News. AOL. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Last WWI vet to be buried in Arlington service". CBS News. CBS. March 10, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ Camia, Catalina (March 18, 2011). "Bob Dole: WWI veteran Buckles should get Capitol tribute". USA Today. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "NEVC HS Honors World War I Veteran Frank W. Buckles". Northeast Vernon County R-1. March 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "'Great War Generation' to be honored March 12 at Liberty Memorial". Sedalia News Journal. Greg Melton. March 5, 2011. Archived from the original on March 9, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ Machetta, Jessica (March 8, 2011). "Ceremony for Buckles at KC's Liberty Memorial". Missourinet. Learfield Communications. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ a b Stone, Andrea (March 12, 2011). "Last WWI Vet Buckles Will Lie in Basement at Arlington, Not Capitol Rotunda". AOL News. AOL. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Quigley, Rachel (March 15, 2011). "Last American World War I veteran receives a hero's burial with full military honours". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Obama pays respects to last U.S. World War I vet". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ "Last American World War I veteran is buried near his general at Arlington". Boston Globe. Associated Press. March 16, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- ^ "Local vigil planned for Frank Buckles". The Journal. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Belisle, Richard F. (March 26, 2011). "Campaign launched to raise money for Buckles statue and documentary". The Herald-Mail. Schurz Communications. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Crawford, Jamie (February 28, 2011). "POTUS pays tribute to World War I vet". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ^ "America's last surviving veteran of World War I dies aged 110 years old". Daily Mail. London. February 28, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Last World War I combat vet dies in Australia". MSNBC. NBC News. May 4, 2011. Archived from the original on May 6, 2011. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
- ^ "'World's last' WWI veteran Florence Green dies aged 110". BBC News. February 7, 2012.
- ^ "Last surviving World War I soldier, 108, storms US Congress". Agence France-Presse. December 3, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
- ^ "Prisoner of War Medal Application". Archival Reconstruction Service Record of Frank Buckles, Military Personnel Records Center.
- ^ "Last US veteran of WWI dies". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. February 28, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Experiencing War: Stories from the Veterans' History Project: Frank Woodruff Buckles". Veterans History Project of the Library of Congress American Folklife Center. Library of Congress. May 27, 2007. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ Campbell, Matt (May 29, 2008). "'Last surviving link' to World War I earns a fitting salute". The Kansas City Star. The McClatchy Company. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Congressional Record—Extensions of Remarks" (PDF). Government Printing Office. September 27, 2008. p. E2090. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Further reading[edit]
- Carpenter, Rhonda (March 9, 2011). "Last-known U.S. World War I Veteran Dies". Defense Media Network. Defense Media Network. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Frank Buckles |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frank Buckles. |
- Official website
- "Buckles", a film by Sean Dunne at Vimeo, August 2009.
- 1901 births
- 2011 deaths
- American military personnel of World War I
- American Protestants
- Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
- Légion d'honneur recipients
- People from Charles Town, West Virginia
- People from Dewey County, Oklahoma
- People from Harrison County, Missouri
- Sons of the American Revolution
- United States Army soldiers
- United States Merchant Marine
- American supercentenarians
- World War II civilian prisoners held by Japan
- Last living survivors
- Male supercentenarians


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Friday, 23 November, 2001, 10:41 GMT
China eyes the Moon
China says it will launch a manned flight into space before 2005 to be followed by a mission to the moon.
A senior scientist, Liang Sili, told officials that further unmanned flights were necessary to ensure that astronauts were "100% safe" in outer space.
China has twice launched space capsules since it began work towards a manned space flight programme two years ago. The last spacecraft, launched in January, carried a monkey, a dog, a rabbit and some snails into orbit. Correspondents say China's main motivation for taking part in the space race is to raise national prestige, both at home and overseas. Commercial rewards The China Daily newspaper quoted Mr Liang as saying: "For mankind in the 21st Century, space application will become as essential as electricity and oil in the 19th Century."
China has been trying to gain a slice of the lucrative commercial satellite launch market. Earlier this year, the European Space Agency (Esa) signed a deal to place instruments aboard two Chinese satellites. The Chinese project, Double Star, will explore the Earth's magnetosphere - the magnetic "bubble" which surrounds the planet. Programme recovery It is the first time Europe has decided to conduct experiments on board Chinese satellites. They are due to go into orbit aboard Long March 2C rockets in December 2002 and March 2003. China's space industry is recovering from a string of setbacks in the mid-nineties. A Long March 2E rocket carrying a telecommunications satellite exploded after blast-off in January 1995, killing a family of six. Another rocket blew up after take-off in early 1996 and, later in the year, a Long March rocket placed a $120m Chinese satellite in the wrong orbit, leaving it to drift hopelessly in space. |
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NHL Prospect Rankings
Hockey's Future ranks 50 active NHL prospects who we believe will make a significant impact in the world of hockey. We publish these rankings twice a year, once before and after each regular season. NHL prospects considered for these rankings meet HF's prospect criteria at the time the list is published.
About prospect talent score and probability of success »
Preseason Prospect Rankings 2012-13
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
9.0 | C | RW | 5-11 | 184 lbs. | Edmonton Oilers |
The first-overall pick from the 2012 NHL Draft, Yakupov is well on his way to becoming a superstar in the NHL. An electrifying talent, the Russian-born winger possesses the game-breaking ability that makes him a threat to score every time he is on the ice. A dynamic skater and puck-carrier with a devastating release, Yakupov is as lethal as they come as an offensive player. The CHL Rookie of the Year in 2011, he took very little time to assert his dominance during his two-year junior career with the Sarnia Sting. It was there that he proved fully capable of thriving in the North American style of play, leaving little doubt that he was the best draft eligible player in 2012. He now joins a group of Edmonton Oilers phenoms that have fans giddy with the thought of the team returning to their dominance of the 1980's.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
8.5 | C | RW | 5-11 | 202 lbs. | St. Louis Blues |
Vladimir Tarasenko is set to make his NHL debut in 2012-13 after what must seem like an eternity of waiting to Blues fans. His bevy of offensive moves are bolstered by strong skating and a tenacious work ethic. Tarasenko is not afraid to go into the corners or carry the puck to the net, and he has the size and strength to do so. He tied for fifth in goals during the KHL regular season in 2011-12 and then was a top-five scorer in the post-season. Competing against professional players in the KHL for four years should have Tarasenko primed to make a smooth transition to the pro game, where the Blues believe he has a chance to earn a spot on their top line.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
9.0 | C | D | 6-5 | 199 lbs. | Boston Bruins |
Dougie Hamilton is the complete package and not surprisingly the top defensive prospect at Hockey's Future. He simply dominated the OHL with Niagara to the tune of 72 points in only 50 games last season, while also performing at the top of his game for Team Canada at the 2012 U20 World Junior Championships. Hamilton is an athletic, mobile, and all-weather workhorse capable of playing in all situations. As his junior numbers attest, he is comfortable jumping up into the play and making an impact when the puck is on his stick. He is still fine tuning his defensive game and slowly learning how to use his gargantuan frame to his advantage, but he can be a dominant one-on-one defender at times. Hamilton is a potential superstar in the making for the Bruins, but he will skate with Niagara as long as the lockout lasts.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
8.5 | B | C | 6-1 | 171 lbs. | Florida Panthers |
Huberdeau can be electrifying with his creativity, shifty moves, and quick skating speed. The game-breaking forward possesses great hands and playmaking skills, which are complemented by his high hockey IQ and offensive vision. His defensive abilities, solid two-way play, and excellent work ethic are too often overshadowed by his offensive talents. The young star, however, still has a slightly lanky frame, which will need more size and strength to handle the physicality of an 82 game NHL season. Huberdeau has all-star potential, a strong compete level, and desire to play in the NHL, but the 19-year-old will be left in the QMJHL for the 2012-13 season as long as the lockout lasts. The highly-skilled forward projects as a top-line player for the Panthers in the very near future.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
7.5 | B | C | 6-2 | 192 lbs. | Ottawa Senators |
Despite returning to Sweden, Zibanejad left little doubt that he is ready for the NHL after playing nine games with the Ottawa Senators to begin the 2011-12 season. The center possesses the combination of size, two-way smarts, and individual skill that is coveted at the NHL level, making him one of the top forward prospects in hockey. With nearly 70 pro games under his belt in the Swedish Elite League, Zibanejad is the brightest and best of an impressive group of Ottawa Senators prospects hoping to make an impact in the near future. A versatile player, he can line up at center or on the wing and can be both a major offensive contributor and a complete two-way player.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
8.5 | C | C | 6-0 | 175 lbs. | Washington Capitals |
Yevgeni Kuzentsov can quickly catch everyone's attention with his ability to dominate a game. With outstanding speed, a great shot, and incredible stick-handling ability, there is little doubt that Kuzentsov could be a top-line forward in the NHL. The question remains not only of when he will play in the NHL, but also if he will ever play in the NHL. The uncertainty of whether he will play in North America likely holds him down a few notches in the ranking of future NHL prospects. Kuznetsov is signed to play the next two seasons in the KHL where he continues to display his growing skills on a regular basis. The Capitals have said they are committed to waiting for Kuznetsov, even if it means waiting until 2014.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
8.0 | B | LW | 5-10 | 193 lbs. | St. Louis Blues |
St. Louis Blues fans got a sneak preview of the future when Jaden Schwartz debuted in March 2012. In seven NHL games he had two goals and one assist. More of a distributor than sniper, Schwartz has great vision and a high hockey IQ, which allows him to make highlight reel passes with regularity. He is tough to knock off the puck, frequently skating through defenders in the neutral zone and creating scoring opportunities via odd-man rushes. Schwartz averaged a little under 12 minutes per game in his first NHL stint and should see an increase in that number on a St. Louis squad that struggled to score in 2011-12. The lockout could benefit Schwartz by giving him the opportunity to adjust to the pro level in the AHL with Peoria.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
8.5 | B | C | 6-1 | 198 lbs. | Montreal Canadiens |
Galchenyuk is a big playmaking center who has the high-end offensive talents to produce on his team's top line. The talented center has excellent offensive skills, vision, and hockey sense along with an ability to make the difficult plays look easy. He has character and work ethic as well as a strong commitment to be the best. The 18-year-old will need to improve his four-step acceleration, strength, physicality, and defensive zone positioning to be successful at the NHL level. The first-round pick could be a second-line centerman but that is most likely only to start his career in order to shelter him from the huge pressure of playing for the Montreal Canadiens. The knee injury and lack of game experience this past season has slowed Galchenyuk's overall development so it might be better for the team's number one draft pick to take his time developing in the OHL.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
8.0 | C | LW | 5-11 | 190 lbs. | Vancouver Canucks |
The Flames haven't had a lot to be excited about prospect-wise lately, but that has finally changed with the addition of Swiss star-in-the-making Sven Baertschi. The electrifying winger is coming off a simply sensational WHL season for the Portland Winterhawks, scoring at a two-point-per-game clip and dominating on a nightly basis. He was even dominant in a brief emergency NHL call-up, scoring three goals in five games. An elite offensive talent, Baertschi's strengths are his quickness, puck-skills and blistering shot. For a smallish, European-born forward, he competes hard and is not afraid to get his nose dirty. The future is very bright for Baertschi and the sky is the limit for his long-term potential.
Talent Score: | Prob. of Success: | Position: | Height: | Weight: | Team: |
8.0 | C | C | 5-10 | 183 lbs. | Minnesota Wild |
Granlund finally made the commitment to cross the Atlantic and join the NHL ranks just in time for the breakdown in labor talks to delay the NHL debut of his considerable talent. Long considered one of hockey's top prospects, Granlund will eventually add dynamic and creative offense to the Minnesota lineup. Although some have criticized Granlund for being too slow, too small, or simply too fragile, the truth is that although he may be limited in some physical aspects, he is one of the most electrifying players in the world and will quickly become a fan favorite in the twin cities and beyond. Granlund will begin the season in the AHL, where in his first exhibition game action for Houston he posted four goals and an assist. That performance is only a sign of things to come for the young Finnish phenom.


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Whatever Happened to: Case
People always give me such grief about my love of Keith Sweat. I don't understand why. He's among the top-selling male R&B artists in history (numbers don't lie), has more than a few classic songs and his tours are still racking in the cash. Yet people, including my lovely wife, call my Keith obsession "random."
You wanna know what's random? I have a friend who is equally obsessed with Case. Now THAT'S random. I remember a few years ago when this dude heard a new track on the radio and jumped with joy thinking Case was back on the scene. I broke his heart when I told him that said song was actually from Lyfe Jennings.
Let's take a look back at the man who will be forever linked with The Nutty Professor.
Case Woodard, formerly a background singer and writer, finally had a chance to shine on his own in 1996 with "Touch Me, Tease Me," from The Nutty Professor Soundtrack. Ah, the Nutty Professor, proving Tyler Perry wasn't the first black man to embarrass himself in a fat suit. "Touch Me, Tease Me" was a blessing and a curse – it was a huge debut for a new artist, but he was always overshadowed by its success.
At the time, I found it strange that a new artist could land background vocals from a proven star like Mary J. Blige. Once I found out they were dating, it made sense. No wonder he got the hookup.
Case's self-titled debut dropped a couple of months later, but the single "More To Love" got very little love.
After a bit of a break, Case bounced back in 1999 with Personal Conversation. Much like his fling with Mary J., Case got his pimpin' on with Beyonce in the video for "Happily Ever After," which culminated in their engagement. Awww. Rumors were swirling at the time that the pair were really an item but if I recall Case denied them.
Oh, how different the world would be if Beyonce married Case. Kids would be wearing S.Case tennis shoes, Personal Conversation 3 would have been released last September and President Obama would have Case on his iPod.
Man, I bet Case is pissed he didn't put a ring on it – for real.
Personal Conversation also featured "Faded Pictures," with Joe. Sadly, Case didn't date Joe.
Open Letter in 2001 featured "Missing You," Case's only #1 R&B hit. Guess which soundtrack that song was also featured on?
If Eddie Murphy is wearing a fat suit, Case ain't far behind. Seriously, I had to check to see if Case was featured on the Norbit soundtrack. I bet he was lurking around the set, though.
Tragedy struck in 2002 when Case was accidentally shot in the throat. The story behind the incident has always been a bit murky (something about a gun going off while he was moving it) but thankfully he made out OK.
If you blinked you missed Case's fourth album, The Rose Experience, which came out earlier this year. It featured the track "Lovely," which I rather enjoyed. Check it out if you haven't already.
Should he come back?: His latest album showed that Case still has something to offer, despite his accident. Maybe my boy's love of Case isn't so strange after all.
What IS strange is Case's love of dudes in fat suits.


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In Baltimore we have "Defender's Day" commemorating those that fought in the Battle of Baltimore Sep 12-14 1812.
So how bout Baltimore Defenders
Printable View
Ravens was obviously the right choice.
I think Stars would have been ok it would have been a tip of the hat to the Star Spangled Banner and Fort McHenry...guessing the NFL was worried about the Cowboys objecting?
Baltimore Knights....could have done something kinda cool with that. Jousting is the state sport lol beats the other choices that NFL gave us IMO
I wish they would have done what we did to Cleveland and had left the name behind with us.
At least our name isn't the "Baltimore Marylanders."
And don't forget our own Federal Hill which should be close to HRs heart. Originally called John Smith's Hill for the first non-native American to see it, the name was later changed when people walked up to it from Fells Point and other hoods to celebrate Maryland's ratification of the US Constitution.
It was quite a party too that lasted a while with 1,000 pounds of beef, 500 pounds of ham, 15 1/2 barrels of beer plus 240 gallons hard cider which was a lot in those days, and 9 1/2 gallons of peach brandy and much more. Someone called it Federal Hill and the name stuck. During the Civil War union troops manned the hill with big guns pointed at the city in case the civilians acted up again like the did with they attacked Union troops marching from Union Station to Camden Yards to get on the train to DC. 12 rioters were shot on Pratt street.
The guns are still on the hill pointing at the city and could shoot as far as 25th Street or further.
The only patriotism wasn't in NE.
The Mel Gibson movie "Patriot" is based on American patriots fighting in South Carolina.
Also, there was an invasion of Florida by Americans in Georgia called the "Patriot War" in 1812-1814. They wanted to take Florida away from Spain at the same time we were at war with Great Britain. It didn't work.
Gibson was misapplying the term.
The word is a french derivative and was adopted by soldiers in the NE. Patriots were, in essence, Massachusetts soldiers. The term would eventually morph into what we know today, but it's history.
During Revolutionary times, no soldier but a MA soldier would have been called a "Patriot".
Yea, my dad always said it was named Federal Hill because of that. He was born two blocks to the south of it.
The first blood shed of the Civil War was on Pratt St in Baltimore, not Ft Sumter. In fact, nobody died when the fort was taken til the next day when a soldier died when some captured ordnance in the fort accidently exploded.
More people died in Baltimore.
General Butler the Butcher was Lincoln's Commander then but didn't get the name Butcher til New Orleans where he massacred some people for the same thing in Baltimore. He carried out his threat there and all that was after he surrounded the State HOuse in Annapolis to stop them from voting to leave the union. He even arrested some of the legislatures trying to vote.
Today there's a big plaque in it's lobby that says they were just trying to get info on leaving. They wern't trying to vote to leave.
Total Bull Shit!!
As I understand it, the Federal Hill cannons were indeed present and used during the War of 1812 vs the British coming into the Harbor.
The cannons were turned towards the city itself after the battle of the Massachusetts troops marching from President Street Station (just south of President and Pratt, right near the Pier 5 hotel and Della Notte present day) down Pratt Street to Camden Station. In those days, the PRR stopped at President and the troops were moving from the PRR to the B&O to get to Washington.
They obviously weren't welcomed by the local populace as Maryland was a Southern state (though there were strong sentiments both ways). It just hadn't seceded yet (the book "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" gives a good look at pre-Civil War Baltimore)
Those attacking the soldiers included civilians and, if I remember correctly, members of the Baltimore Police Department, lead by the chief himself.
Lincoln decided he couldn't have any more of that, nor any part of Maryland seceding and therefore surrounding Washington. So the cannons were turned and they surrounded Annapolis.
What's interesting is there were both Union and Confederate armies raised from Maryland. Marylanders loyal to the Union marched under the coat of Calvert. Marylanders local to the Confederacy marched under the Crossland banner.
After the war, the state flag was changed to a combination of both and remains the same to this day. During the Preakness, give a close listen to "Maryland, My Maryland" when it's sung by the Naval Academy glee club.
I liked Ravens for the name during the phone poll after the Modell move. For the expansion name, I thought a name related to the railroad would have been good, given that modern railroading was more or less started in Baltimore at Mt Clare Junction.
Given the other choices, I'm just glad we got a name that has something to do with Baltimore. Unlike other cities, we don't have to play rhetorical games to pretend like the name really fits into something else famous about our city **cough** **cough** Colts and Jazz **cough** **cough**.
LOL - Just like Irsay snuck out of town in the middle of the night and a snow storm, Butler the Butcher snuck into town at night and under the cover of a thunderstoom to build an armed fort on Federal Hill. He was scared to death of those rioters. I'm sure my relatives were in there because my grandfather who was born in 1888 on Wilkens Ave had uncles who fought for the south. My bet is they were amongst the rioters too which is probably where I get my penchant for "stirring the pot" as Mista T always says.
Here's a pic of a gun pointing at the city and that looks like a Civil War era gun, not War of 1812.
Same type cannon here only a little shorter.
If Mista T had listened to his wife and done more reading than watching HBO he would have known that southerners were Patriots. Here's a link, ancestry.com, showing the records of the patriots from South Carolina that fought in the Revolutionary War. Also Col Morgan marched a detachment from Virginia to Cambridge to fight just two years after Bunker Hill. They were patriots too.
The army was called many things mainly The Continental Army, the Patriots, the Minutemen, the Rebels and even the Yankees with the last two being insults from the British. Yankee comes from the Dutch word yak which means redneck or hill billiy or slime. That's what the Dutch called the British when they drove them out of New York and latere allied themselves with the Patriots.
Gibson's movie was correct in breaking down the two groups in South Carolina as loyalists and patriots. The loyalists did massacre their patriot neighbors in the back woods.
A recent compilation of Patriot records, including militia records, is Bobby Gilmer Moss, comp., Roster of South Carolina Patriots in the American Revolution (1983; reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1994). See also Alexander S. Salley, Jr., comp., South Carolina Provincial Troops in Papers of the First Council of Safety, 1775 (1900–02; reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1999).
And no one would deny Thomas Jefferson as a Patriot or James Madison not to
mention George Washington - all from Virginia. This link certainly doesn't.
It's so much easier to watch HBO and text.


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Free iPhone and iPad Apps (June 6): Multiponk, Monster Trucks Nitro 2 and more!
Posted by Mary Ann Neder | Jun 06, 2014 | Comments 0
There are a few iPhone and iPad apps available as free downloads today (June 6). Take full advantage of this generous offer while they're free!Read More


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Appreciation, Respect and Gratitude towards all...... that there is!
The roaring bright one.
ACO Culture - Fringe-Counter-Breakway Society Genres - Consciousness-Cosmology-Parapsychology-Ufology-Conspiracy Theories-Mystery Writers
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society online creative conscious
Entering the Divine's Realms ...


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The Facts
The Adventure Learning Schools™ charity, based in Stockport, Manchester was formed in 2009 by Professor David Hopkins, formerly Chief Adviser on School Standards to the Secretary of State.
The Adventure Learning Schools approach provides a rich learning culture in which students not only meet and surpass high academic standards (especially in Literacy and Numeracy), but through the emphasis on adventure, increase their competence as learners, develop their personality and create increasingly effective learning environments for themselves as they move towards becoming citizens of our global world.
Adventure Learning Schools aim to create a network of schools where learning is not just enjoyable, but leads to genuine accomplishments, an appreciation of oneself, others and society. Learning occurs not just within classrooms but also in the external environment both wilderness and urban and is consistently infused by a spirit of adventure and enquiry.
There are currently three networks of Adventure Learning Schools™ in The North West of England, Cornwall and Argyll and Bute. Schools in these networks meet to share best practice and benefit from regional workshops. Further networks of four or more schools may wish to consider accreditation and support from ALS.
Through adventure and enquiry students learn how to take initiative in planning journeys into the wilderness and urban environments, how to work with others to initiate and carry out co-operative tasks and practice building hypotheses and theories and then use evidence to test them.
As these students master information and skills, the result of each learning experience is not only the content they learn but also the greater ability they acquire to approach future learning tasks with confidence.
The culture is not only comprehensive and inclusive, but also leads to the acquisition of a range of learning?skills and aptitudes, genuine accomplishment and an appreciation of oneself and others within a global context.
Adventure Learning Schools provide a more systemic and far-reaching application of the principles of learning through adventure than has been tried to date. Working with schools and the Local Authority in Cumbria who are providing the initial setting for this new model of schooling.
Learning through adventure has a proven track record in developing just those personal qualities – independence, problem solving ability, discipline, team working and confidence – which are in demand in the modern workplace and underpin successful social development.
Furthermore, learning through adventure provides a reliable means for developing a distinctive school ethos, supportive of personal development, the achieving of high standards and encouraging student and parental choice.
Accredited Adventure Learning Schools
In order to be recognised as an Adventure Learning School a school will need to adopt a 'whole school design' based on active learning principles. The framework is designed to be specific and replicable in so?far as it contains the best of current knowledge of what makes for an effective school but then infuses it with a 'wilderness' approach to learning and experience that embraces both urban and adventurous outdoor settings.


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When you visit Nauvoo, be prepared to learn about the way the city lived, interacted, developed. And be prepared for personal stories. Every house, no matter what profession or role it was displaying, had stories about the townspeople that lived there and what happened to them after they left Nauvoo.
The center of Nauvoo, and the center of our trip, was the Temple. Built originally during the 1840's, dedicated in May of 1846, and destroyed by man and natural elements, after the Saints left Nauvoo. Rebuilt and dedicated in 2002.
The families of Nauvoo were all centered on the Temple. The men had weekly or daily shifts to help work on the Temple, or women were making items in their homes that contributed to the Temple. How they must have rejoiced when it was finished, to partake of the covenants and ordinances therein, that they'd worked hard for years to accomplish.
That feeling was echoed in our reason for coming to the Temple, to see John's sister Holly get married. I can say, on her behalf, that she full appreciates the covenants and ordinances of Eternal Marriage- because she's worked hard for years to accomplish that goal. It's not easy to be a single woman in today's world, to persevere, keep hope, keep dating, keep working, and keep your chin up when dating doesn't turn into marriage. But Holly did it with faith rather than doubt. She never gave up on the idea that somewhere there was a man that was as righteous and smart and funny and loving as she was. And there was. He just lived in San Francisco at the time.
The sealing rooms in the Temple are on the top floor. And in that room, listening to the Sealer talk about eternal marriage, and looking at the happy couple dressed in white, it does seem very close to Heaven. Holly and Braden walked in single, and came out a new entity. Joined together, for eternity, no longer seperate, but a new marriage and a new life and a new family was formed in that moment.
We walked along the Trail of Tears, read all the quotes, and thought about how heavy their footsteps must have been to leave a city behind, and their Temple.
Click to see larger image and to see the quote more clearly.
I know God had a plan for these Saints and I know the journey was not easy. I also know the end from the beginning, that some Saints made it to Winter Quarters and Utah with their lives. Others did not make the whole journey and lay in peace along the trail to Utah. I know what lies ahead of them. But they did not.Did they know the magnitude of the journey ahead? Did they just want to rest away from persecution and hatred? Did they think it would be easier than what they'd endured so far? Or did they fear the worst and think that no place would ever be like Nauvoo again? Did they have pure faith in Brigham Young, nothing doubting, this trip he was asking them to take?
I rejoice in these Saints. They had courage and conviction and faith to go beyond their comfortable homes and follow a Prophet even farther into the wilderness, away from the world they knew.
I've never been asked to walk across the United States. But I have been asked to keep my home pure from the world. To teach my children to love each other and not hate. To love a dozen Young Women not of my family and help teach them how to be strong women of Faith. I've been asked to grow a child inside me and give of my body for it's growth. I've been asked to cleave unto my husband and none else, to be a supportive wife, to build a home that invites the Spirit to dwell. Sometimes these tasks feel quite daunting, and I don't know the end from the beginning.
But I do know there is a prophet on the earth, President Thomas S. Monson, that will give wise counsel this coming weekend. I do know that I have the Lord on my side, and I've welded myself to him and my husband through eternal covenants. And for this I rejoice, even though I don't know what my journey through this life entails.
Nauvoo was wonderful. You should visit. Contemplate the many blessings you enjoy, what you could have endured, and what joy there is in a life full of Service, and a life centered on Temple covenants.


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text: What People Used to Say About The Atari 2600András Neltz2/01/13 12:30pmFiled to: FlashbackAtariAtari 2600Retro144EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkDo you think people get emotional about today's gaming consoles? Have you noticed that the people running PlayStation, Xbox and Nintendo sometimes say weird things? Or make some bold claims?AdvertisementWell, this is what people used to say about the Atari:"At the heart of the programmable video games is a microprocessor, a logic-function control device similar to but a little larger and much more flexible than the circuits that activate the single TV games. It provides the potential for an almost unlimited variety of games."—Ellen Roseman, The Globe and Mail Canada, November 26, 1977."Unlimited variety" here translates to "slightly different scenarios where you beat high scores." Hey, still beats playing Pong all the time.Advertisement"We're guaranteeing that you won't get tired of the game for at least the next seven years."—Jim Morrice, product manager for Paragon Entertainment Products Inc., the Montreal-based distributor for the Atari 2600, in The Washington Post, April 28, 1978.Seven years!They may have overestimated the new games' staying power ever-so-slightly. Just a little bit.Sponsored"It's better than dropping quarters in the machine all the time."—High school senior Miguel Villasenor in The Associated Press, March 16, 1982.Above: Atari teaching youngsters financial responsibility.Advertisement"I'd buy the entire Atari setup to get the Pac-Man cartridge... "I'd save a lot of money."—17-year-old Brian Allen who "spends up to $12 a day to play the game in arcades."—The Associated Press, March 16, 1982.I take solace in that gaming addiction was a thing even back then.


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From Teaching Open Source
First - if you're about to ask me to help with something TOS-specific, you may want to check out these other people who can do it better instead. This has been an effort from the Society To Un-Bottleneck TOS Stuff From The Mel. Thank you.
My name is Mel Chua, and this page describes the TOS-related projects I'm working on. Feel free to contact me with any comments, questions, or ideas you might have, or check and see if I'll be traveling near you sometime soon.
I'm a PhD student in the Engineering Education department at Purdue University, in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Prior to that, I worked on open source and education as part of Red Hat's Community Leadership team, hacking on the Fedora Project and getting POSSE and Teaching Open Source (hello!) off the ground. Before that, I was an engineer on the OLPC and Sugar Labs projects, where (among other things) I worked with groups of college students to start university chapters working on both projects. I did my undergrad in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Olin College and went to a public magnet math and science high school called the Illinois Math and Science Academy (IMSA), so I've been in quirky institutions experimenting with teaching and learning for... over a decade now.
One of my big goals (and interests, in general) is how professors can make students into catalysts - making sure you go back in the fall with everything you need to turn each kid in your class into an open-source community leader. I'm also hoping to work on followup and learn how to help your ideas and projects gain traction and credibility in the academic world as next school year goes along - do we need to publish journal articles on the impact of teaching the open-source way, should we hit up conferences, how can we help you get permission/resources/recognition from admins, what are the challenges re: working in open-source communities that are particular to universities (student turnover every semester, grades, etc.), what else should be on this list?
I'm new to seeing this side of academia which you all know very well, so I'm looking forward to having my assumptions challenged and my worldview of the ivory tower rewired.
- /A Blogger Is You! - Spring 2012 project to redo an Inquiry course module; if this works, all incoming engineering education students at Purdue will start research blogs beginning next year (also my project for "Content, Assessment & Pedagogy" class)
- /Olin Institutional Repository - Spring 2012 project for designing Olin's Institutional Repository Open Access policy (and a Purdue independent study)
- /Programmabilities - Spring 2012 project for UNICEF (and my thesis paper for "Theories of Enginering Thinking and Development" class)
- Translating German Sugar on a Stick news coverage into English (as my "German for Reading Knowledge" project -- I'm not allowed to get outside feedback on my translations until the final submission, so they will be posted at the end of April 2012.)
- /Radical transparency researcher - Spring 2012 project for making my academic portfolio site (and my final project for "Art & Design Research Methods" class)
- /Be Bold Meta - Sumana Harihareswara let me document her awesomeness (the creation of a keynote for Open Source Bridge) for a mini-research project for a qualitative methods class. Here it is.
Old projects
Woefully incomplete list.
- POSSE stats
- POSSE - one of the POSSE 2009 organizers, working on followup and summer 2010 sessions.
- Textbook Project author.
- /Braindumps of projects that haven't really been fleshed out yet.
- Universities - a first attempt to keep stats
- POSSE alumni - another stats attempt
- /Grad school - formerly my application in progress, now an archive of my (successful!) application to Purdue's Engineering Education PhD program.
- /Restaurant List - a collection of all the awesome places I've eaten while running POSSEs all over the world
- Budget - I managed the portion of Red Hat's budget that was set aside for TOS. (Other groups, individuals, and companies can run their own TOS budgets too, I just oversaw the money that Red Hat chipped in.)
- Red Hat education strategy
- /Main page redesign
- /POSSE page design
- Workshop: Diving into an open source community
- Workshop: Growing an open source community
- /Research proposal - for fellowships and such. Extremely rough and awful.
- /Research statement - again, for fellowships and such.
- /Statement of Purpose - yep, fellowships again.
Personal Learning Goals
For my Purdue portfolio, I need to write down my personal learning goals. Here they are, with the ones I'm attempting to complete in the next 12 months (spring, summer, and fall semester 2012) in bold.
Goal | Actions needed to accomplish | Metrics of success/quality | Evidence/deliverables | Target date | Competencies addressed |
Expand participation in the scholarly discipline of engineering education to those who do not typically take place in such work, particularly open source contributors who are not academics. | Attempt to include at least one significant nonacademic collaborator in each project. | Number of open source, nonacademic, and academic-but-not-engineering-edu coauthors/copresenters. | CV of publications and presentation with open source, nonacademic, and non-engineering-edu coauthors highlighted, along with a short explanation of each nonacademic/non-engineering-edu coauthor's background and affiliation. | Spring 2015 (Dissertation defense) | Synthesize Knowledge, Create Knowledge, Communicate Knowledge, Think Critically and Reflectively, |
Have all my scholarly publications open-licensed in an open-access repository. | Identify (or start) a suitable open access repository to host my work. Get in the habit of using copyright addendums. Negotiate with publishers of already-published work to make that work more available. (Note that I'll be doing an independent study on open access in the spring that will facilitate some of this.) | Percentage of scholarly publications that are open-licensed and in an open-access repository. | My CV of publications; each item should be listed with licensing information and an open access URL where it can be downloaded. | Spring 2015 (Dissertation defense) | Communicate Knowledge, Professional Community, Policy |
Teach "the open source way" (TOSW) at/near Purdue in a way that's transferable to other institutions. | Organize and teach small workshops on various TOSW topics, both technical and nontechnical. | Qualitative feedback from participants. | A collection of writeups (likely reflective blog posts) chronicling these events. | Spring 2015 (Dissertation defense) | Create Knowledge, Communicate Knowledge, Apply Principles, Demonstrate Engineering Skills, Professional Community, Teach Engineering |
Learn how engineering education administration functions. | Attend and document Board of Trustees meetings at my alma mater (Olin College in Massachusetts). | Qualitative feedback from administrators I deliver my writeups to. | A series of "notes packets," one from each Board meeting documented. | Summer 2013 (Immediately before data collection) | Synthesize Knowledge, Think Critically and Reflectively, Apply Principles, Professional Development, Policy |
Fall 2011 example
The goal example documented here is progress on the "Learn how engineering education administration functions" front.
My philosophy on school, work, competencies, grades, and lifein general: figure out what you want to do, then figure out where that fits into what you've got to do (and then, down the line, fill in the gaps).
One thing I wanted to do was to go back and watch what's happening at my alma mater (Olin College, http://olin.edu -- a tiny 300-undergrad experimental engineering education college outside of Boston), so I decided to volunteer at board meetings. They said yes. I think this would fall into the "professional community" and "education policy" competencies, and may end up hitting others depending on how things go.
Here's some more detail chronicling what I've done this semester.
From an email to Olin's administration
Short version: would it be of any use to have somebody compiling, summarizing, and analyzing the Presidents' Council gatherings over the next few years? If so, I'd like to help.
Longer version: as part of my grad program in Engineering Education at Purdue, we've got competencies that we need to demonstrate for graduation. Among them are:
- participate actively in professional community
- explain and critique education policy
We're allowed to fulfil this requirement by serving on a university committee or writing a paper about a DepEd proclamation or something of the sort, but I'd like to take advantage of this to help Olin out for credit if I can, and also to get a better glimpse of the workings at a college in this sense -- how *does* a school run at the board level? What kinds of conversations do you have? I've only ever thought of the Council meetings as discrete and separate events in time, but I'm guessing they are really conversations at a higher level and over a longer timeframe than I'm used to listening to and I'd like to start trying to hear them as such. Also, I'm curious what happens with all the notes once we're done getting together. :)
Proposal: I can make it up to Olin once a term for the meetings, sit through the weekend compiling and analyzing responses to your white paper, and (probably the following weekend) sort through the collected conversation notes and come out with a summary to send to you, which you could then do what you wanted with (edit, share with the rest of the community, archive, etc). Confidentiality level would be whatever we agree on. That's a strawman proposal, but I'm open to other arrangements that would be more useful to you and Olin...
Another email, after a bit more conversation wherein permission was granted
I was planning on coming in Saturday and spending Sunday on campus helping with setup and reviewing whitepaper responses (I'm guessing the whitepaper will be coming out soon) before dinner, then doing the dinner and the all-day on Monday before flying back on Monday night so I can make my Tuesday classes. How does that sound?
I've also blocked out the weekend after the meeting to sit down and go through all the accumulated scribe notes, thoughts, reflections, and responses, and a chunk of Monday to do the writeup, with the goal of having a summary to you by the morning of Tuesday the 15th -- here's a strawman proposal for the final packet, but I'm totally up for alternative ideas for what you think would be most useful. Mostly putting these out here as ideas to make it easier to discuss.
- The original pre-meeting whitepaper from President Miller (usually ~2 pages)
- Either a one-page summary of pre-meeting responses to the whitepaper, or the text of President Miller's opening talk
- A 2-page post-meeting summary of the breakout sessions (synthesized from student scribe notes)
- A 2-page post-meeting summary of the closed-door Board of Trustees meeting
- The full data dump organized into appendices
- A 1-page "cheat sheet" summarizing/table-of-contentsing all of the above
Total: 8 pages plus appendices, in an attempt to be kind to busy board members who don't want to sit through thesis-length material.
What happened and what I learned
I attended and did notetaking for the Board meeting on November 7, 2011. I'm currently in the process of synthesizing the first set of notes, and metrics/quality will be assessed as per the deliverables in the table above. Some things I've learned and will be doing as a result:
- Assuming I'd get all the data within a week of the event was ambitious. Even now, two weeks after the meeting, notes continue to trickle in to me.
- Even if you don't have all the data, start writing. I've been waiting for things to "stop coming in," but they never will; I shouldn't let my own work block on it any longer.
- Board meeting conversations have interesting political subtexts I can't yet decipher. There's a lot more going on in high-level conversations than the agenda being addressed. I'm not sure how I feel about this yet. (It's not exactly a revelation; I've been on boards myself and have attended parts of these Board of Trustees meetings at Olin before, but I think I see more of the subtext each time, and am more able to interpret it as I learn more in the world between meetings.)
- I'll be doing more background research and reading on individual board members before next semester's meeting, and seeding initial conversations over email/notes. I know enough about engineering education's history to be slightly aware of the contributions some of these people have made to the field, but am not specifically aware of the things they've written and said on various topics, and may be able to engage in better conversations with them over dinner next round if I try to start these conversations beforehand ("would love to discuss X with you at the meeting").
Next 12 months
Standardize, document, and teach a procedure for capturing Olin Board meetings. By the end of the Fall 2012 semester, I'll have attended and documented at least two more Board of Trustees meetings at Olin, which is enough to have some sort of procedure for "what works" settled out. For the Fall 2012 meeting, I will see if it's possible to coach another student or alumni through the capture process instead of carrying all the work myself, which implies doing some documentation of the process in the Spring 2012 meeting. This goes towards my "Learn how engineering education administration functions" goal and the competencies listed along with it in the table above. I will be successful if I have taught someone else to capture an Olin board meeting.
Become comfortable using and advocating for accessibility services in the course of my scholarly work. I'm deaf, but have always mainstreamed and have generally been uncomfortable with asking for special accommodations, preferring to struggle through things on my own instead. I've recently come to the conclusion that that may not be a great idea and am trying out some of the available services at Purdue, specifically CART (transcription). I will be requesting CART for some of my classes next semester in order to see if it makes it easier for me to learn. This is not tied into any of the goals or competencies listed above, but is along the general lines of finding ways to enhance my own capabilities. I will be successful if I can confidently explain my access needs to every visiting speaker at the weekly ENE research seminar in the Fall 2012 semester.
Keep up a weekly self-directed exercise routine. Another "personal development" item, this is something I started this semester with the help of a personal trainer at TREC. I've never had a steady exercise routine before, and it does help me manage energy levels and have less typing-induced pain, which lets me be more productive. I'd like to learn how to do this independently without having to rely on a trainer all the time, so it's time for me to start plotting and planning (and executing) my own workouts. I will be successful if I have completed at least one workout every week classes are in session for the Spring 2012 semester.
Finish core courses. My course selections for the spring semester will be pretty straightforward: finish the core introductory sequence for my program (pedagogy, policy, and epistemology courses) along with a side project of learning German (more on this later). The assignments for the classes are likely to address some of the goals and competencies above, although I do not know which ones right now. I will be successful if I have a passing grade in all the ENE core courses by the end of spring semester 2012.
Learn German. I've been working with Purdue's German department to figure out a language-learning plan for a very self-motivated, self-directed, independent, informal, self-taught deaf language learner. (They've been very patient with me.) Fall 2011 was spent doing self-study, going to coffee hour on Mondays, and talking with grad students from the department. I'll be taking a graduate course in reading German in the spring of 2012, along with auditing an undergraduate course (GER 102) if there's room. I will be trying to test into either GER 201 or 202 at the start of Fall 2012, and will be using my success at that as a gauge on how well I'm doing in this goal. This in a way goes towards my goal to "Expand participation in the scholarly discipline of engineering education to those who do not typically take place in such work" since C-Base, a hackerspace in Berlin, is one of the places I would like to do my research on. I also think that language learning techniques may apply to engineering as well, since part of what engineering undergraduates learn is the "language" and "syntax" of technical work. I will be successful if the Purdue language placement test places me in the 200-level courses in Fall 2012.
Learn about business, particularly finance. I would like to look at economics and finance courses, management courses, and that sort of thing… because technical companies, technical projects, and learning institutions are institutions and I want to be a techie and an academic who can see and understand and shape the systems I'm working within. I had my painful "technical skill alone is not enough" moment of awakening at OLPC, I've watched Olin weather the economic downturn, I've listened to administrative conversations, and I've seen a difference between the people (in all of the overlapping circles of industry and academia and open source) who understand institutions from a business point of view and the ones who don't. And if I'm thinking of becoming an ass-kicking, skateboard-riding college president someday, I'd better understand endowments; if I ever want to run an engineering team in industry, I need to know accounting; I don't think "business" is ever likely to become my primary gig (I love the tech and teaching too much) but I think it's a good language to be fluent in. Along these lines, I may be taking a class either over the summer or (more likely) in the fall on the topic. I'm also starting up my own consulting company right now, which will give me exposure to the business/legal/accounting side of things. I am not sure what competencies and goals this will address yet, but at the very least it will give me exposure to another professional community - the world of business. I will be successful if I have a running consultancy by Summer 2012 (that has legal standing and has successfully accepted contracts, executed them, and taken in payment).
Plan of Study
Committee members (proposed)
- Robin Adams (advisor)
- Ruth Streveler (communities of practice)
- Alice Pawley (narratives)
- Ideally, I'd like to have a faculty member who can speak to open source communities here, but I'm not sure who that would be yet.
Taught http://communityleadershipteam.org/posse workshop, got ready for grad school, figured out new work arrangements, moved to Indiana, acquired an alarming quantity of new textbooks...
You'll note the pattern here of taking at least one class each semester just because I want to.
- ENE 695A - Introduction fo Engineering Education (1 credit)
- ENE 695M - History and Philosophy of Engineering Education (3 credits)
- ENE 695 - Engineering Education Inquiry (3 credits, Research Preparation 3/9)
- ETB ? - Form Follows Function (3 credits, just because.)
I finish my foundation classes in the spring of my first year.
- ENE 695 - Theories of Development and Engineering Thinking (3 credits)
- ENE 695 - Pedagogy, Content, and Assessment (3 credits)
- ENE 695 - Leadership, Policy, and Change in STEM Education (3 credits)
- GER ? - German for Reading Knowledge (3 credits, just because.)
- ENE ? - Independent Study on Open Access Repositories (1 credit, ENE specialization 1/6)
- Social Construction of Knowledge? (1 credit?)
- Undergraduate German class? (3 credits, plus 1 credit of conversation for a total of 4?)
Side project: might be writing a book and doing some open source consulting on the side, we'll see.
Extremely tentative. Figuring this all out right now.
- Taking Advanced Qualitative Research Methods in Education (EDCI 616) with Nadine Dolby.
- Teaching the User:Mchua/A Blogger Is You! workshop during Maymester.
- Road-tripping across the continental USA with my cousin, co-authoring a book on engineering school admissions visits.
- Assorted consulting work for academic and open source projects and companies. Whoo!
- I'm also trying to arrange to do the Coast-to-Coast, a walk from one end of the UK to the other. Just because.
The classes "for fun" this year may cohere into some sort of Engineering Education Specialization. If not, I'll handle them the following year when I'm doing fieldwork. I may also drop a class and only take 9 credits in one or both terms, in which case the courses wil get pushed to the 2014-2015 school year at latest.
I expect to take my readiness assessment during this semester.
- ENGR ? - (3 credits, Secondary Engineering Expertise 3/9)
- ENGR ? - (3 credits, Secondary Engineering Expertise 6/9)
- ? ? - Research methods of some sort (Research Preparation 6/9)
- ? ? - One for fun (3 credits, just because.) Possibly FLL 615.
- ENGR ? - (3 credits, Secondary Engineering Expertise 9/9)
- ? ? - Social science statistical methods of some sort (Research Preparation 9/9)
- ? ? - (Research methods specialization elective II 3/3)
- ? ? - One for fun (3 credits, just because.)
I'm leaving this school year open for fieldwork away from Purdue's campus; a lot of the open source groups and faculty I work with and want to study are on either the West or East coast, and there are faculty in Massachusetts interested in potentially hosting me for a semester or a year to give me a homebase to do my research from.
Who knows? It should be fun!
I expect to do my preliminary assessment sometime during this semester.
Fieldwork goes here. Possibly some courses, either teaching or taking or both.
Fieldwork goes here. Possibly some courses, either teaching or taking or both.
I'll finish up any remaining course requirements here, in addition to analyzing, writing, and defending my dissertation.
Who knows? It should be fun!
Some preliminary thoughts:
- I'll probably be doing a bunch of data analysis, because... I should be doing that at this point if I ever want to finish my thesis.
- I'll probably be taking this data around to open source conferences, since a lot of them happen during the summer, and I'll be doing a grounded theory approach and will want to cyclically validate things with members of various open source communities.
- I'll be traveling across Europe. Because it's awesome.
- Something something finish thesis something something.
- Will likely either teach or take a class (or both) in order to maintain my sanity, because I go nuts if all I do is work alone in a little room.
Expected thesis defense.
- Something something finish thesis something something.
- Will likely either teach or take a class (or both) in order to maintain my sanity, because I go nuts if all I do is work alone in a little room.
- Graduate.
- Celebrate my 29th birthday.
- Go and explore the world!
Anticipated dissertation topic
I'm still exploring around this area, but here's the general set of twin stars I'm circling in on.
1. Exposing the discourse of engineering education - how does having narrative and ethnographic artifacts affect the internal and external dialogues of the field, and can these extend the engineering education conversation into informal learning communities like open source projects?
2. Engineering education in open {source, content, hardware}/maker/hacker communities - how can we talk about and analyze the learning practices that occur there, and do any transfer into academia?
Career objective
Honestly, right now, I don't know. I know what I think I don't want, though: I don't see myself going down the traditional tenure-track faculty route, in government work, or in a conventional ("respectable") industry job. I think I'll always be a bridger, and that I'll write my job descriptions for positions that'll only exist because I'm the first one to create them.
I just know that I want to look for the ones that aren't necessarily normal-shaped. A couple examples:
- Perhaps I'll combine a part-time job in industry with an adjunct position, because I love teaching. This is the most "standard" combination I could imagine.
- Start and run a center for engineering education for a consortium of small schools that want to do crazy things with their engineering programs.
- Maybe I'll have my own consulting company and travel around the world giving workshops to a variety of institutions on how to apply open source techniques to accelerate learning at their institution.
- Startups are fun. Could do that.
- Work for a product design firm on improved methods of crowdsourcing their ideation processes.
- Go off to hike El Camino de Santiago in Spain, the Coast-To-Coast in England, and ride the Trans-Siberian Express (then again, I might get to those before I graduate).
I'm not worried about this right now; it'll take shape as I go along, and opportunities will come up, and I'll find the ones I want to take, and take them.
Filling in later.
Some things I'm doing:
- Actively speaking and publishing at conferences in both open source (OSCON, FUDCon, etc) and engineering education (Grace Hopper, FIE, etc)
- Attending and producing reports for all Board of Trustees meetings for my undergraduate alma mater (Olin College) in order to learn more about school governance
- Actively blogging my ongoing experiences in engineering education at http://blog.melchua.com, which has... I should someday count the number of readers I've got, but for a personal blog I've never promoted and have no plans to promote, it's not too bad.
Options I'm exploring
- The Libresoft research group (in Madrid) is doing some work on open source communities, but I can't read most of their work because a good chunk is in Spanish...
- Oregon State University (near Portland) has an active open source lab and programs designed to involve undergraduates in open source communites as a key part of their technical education. So does Seneca College (in Toronto) and RIT (in Rochester, NY). Doing things with these programs may be an option.
- The Hassno Plattner Institute in Potsdam (near Berlin) has a Design Thinking program (based on and collaborating with Stanford's d-school) that overlaps with several e-learning subprojects; I got to talk with some of the grad students from this program at the Grace Hopper 2011 conference and it sounds like spending a summer or a term there might be a good match for my research interests. The school is conveniently located near C-Base, a major hackerspace I'd love to study. They do their work in English, but I'm also studying German, so language should be just fine.
- Eventually, the POSSE summer workshop and school-year coaching may be adapted into an full-semester undergraduate-level course; I'd love to do several iterations of this, including at least one round that's not based around a physical campus.
- I plan on continuing to keep one foot in active open source industry work, whether that's through consulting or some other means. At the very least, I plan on getting out to at least one hackathon or open source conference per semester. Gotta remember where I came from.
Researchers to watch
- Jason Priem - altmetrics, alternative ways of measuring the impact of scholarly work. If I do teaching the open source way, he does scholarly communications the open source way.
- Lori Byrd Phillips - bringing Wikipedia into museums (Wikipedian-in-residence of the Indianapolis Children's Museum)
- Biella Coleman - the first anthropologist to study open source communities, as far as I know.
- Eric Von Hippel - the economics of open source.
- Mako Hill - Eric's student. Also, Mako. 'nuff said.
- Lawrence Lessig - creator of Creative Commons.
- Yochai Benkler - network-based peer production. In other words, Wikipedia.
- James Howison - dissertation found that open source contributors work alone
- Don Davis - LPP exhibited in FOSS communities
- Martin Krafft - innovation diffusion in Debian
- Jodi Schneider - Wikipedia and AcaWiki'
- Andreas Schilling - recruition and retention in FOSS projects
- Cormac Lawler - action research and IRB concerns, wikiversity
- Seb Benthall - UC Berkeley Information PhD student working on quantitative-stuff like FOSS community health dashboards
- Andrew Schofield