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The Growing Use Of Solar Power Engineering Essay
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Solar power is the energy generated by the radiation of the sun, more specifically the radiation that reaches the earth. The energy received the by the sun in form of radiation can be converted directly or indirectly into forms of energy, such as heat and electricity. The amount of energy from the sun that falls on earths is immeasurable. Solar power came into existence more than billion years ago, however the use of this renewable source of energy has been in practice from earlier period of century, still the technicians from all over the world are working and discussion how to progress this renewable source of energy which is completely free.
Ursula (2006) demonstrated a square metre of horizontal earth surface receives, under German climate conditions, between 925 KWh/m2 in the north to 1170 KWh/m2 in the south solar irradiance annually. The amount of energy received by radiation of sun a daily average of around 3 KWh/m2.
From last few years people start installing solar panels on roof of house and are trapping solar energy for their electricity. By the help of advanced technology the use of solar energy is increasing day by day. The subsequently frequent use of the solar power water heating, solar cars, solar pump and solar electricity which can be used in any appliances used in house.
The term photovoltaic has been in used in English since 1849. It comes from the Greek word "phos", meaning "light" and "voltaic" meaning electrical. The "voltaic" derived from the name of the Italian physicist Volta, by whom the unit of electrical potential volt is named. However, until 1883 the solar cell wasn't built, but at the same time Charles Fritts coated the semiconductor selenium with an extremely thin layer of gold, to form the junctions. The efficiency of selenium semiconductor cell was not too much. So in later on in 1946 Russel Ohl invented modern type of cell. In 1954 Bell Laboratories accidently found that when semiconductor silicon doped with certain impurities can give 6% efficiency in energy conversion by sunlight. In 1958, US satellite Vanguard 1 launched the first spacecraft with solar panels. In 1970, Zhores Alfervo and team of USSR researches created the first highly effective Gallium arsenide (GaAs) heterostructure solar cells. In 1988, Applied Solar Energy Corporation (ASEC) manufactured the first 17% efficient air mass zero (AMO) single-junction GaAS solar cells. In 1993, ASEC developed the first dual junction cells for spacecraft which start giving efficiency of 20%. However, than Triple Junction solar cells developed which increase the efficiency approximately 24% in 2002, 28% in 2005 and in 2007 has reached 30%. In 2007, the two companies of US, Emcore Photovoltaic and Spectrolab produced 95% of Triple Junction solar cells with the efficiency of 38%.
16th of October 2008, 15:32 GMT | By Georgiana Bobolicu, http://gadgets.softpedia.com/news/History-of-the-Solar-Panel-039-01.html (07/11/2010)
1.1 The advantages and disadvantages of solar energy
The advantages of solar power are increasing day by day in daily uses and in industries uses, although it is a relatively new energy source. In future it's going to be the most important energy source. Solar power is a renewable resource. However, the solar panel does not work in night or on stormy, cloudy days. But the sun appears next day and it is ready to give more energy and light. Solar power is non-polluting. It the most important advantage because it does not emit any greenhouse gases. The solar power is one time investment method, once the solar panel is set up; there is no electrical expenses lifetime. The solar cells are totally silent. The solar cells required very little maintenance because there will be no moving parts they need to be fixed. However, the solar power has too many advantages but it got some disadvantages as well like it is too much expensive. The initial costs of the equipment used in solar panels are too costly, especially the solar cells which is made of silicon crystal which is grown very slowly. Silicon crystals growth from pure silicon and the process is too slow and expensive. The solar energy installations require large area to install; this is the disadvantage in areas where space is short like inner city. Pollution is also the one of the most disadvantages of the solar panels, as pollution can decrease the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. The solar energy work only when the sun is shining, but during night the expensive solar equipment will be useless. The different location has different affect performance, due to obstructions from the surrounding buildings or landscape.
1.2 Rural electrification of India
Rural electrification means providing the electricity to the rural area. By providing the electricity to rural areas in developing countries enhances the quality of life. There are lots of villages in India have no electricity and are not expected to be connected. Panda (2007) demonstrate that rural electrification in India is one of the biggest challenges. Until now only 42-44% of Indian village are getting the facility of electricity still there are 77-88 million households still require the access to the electricity. However, the photovoltaic electricity is best source of electricity for rural part of India. Hansen and Bower (2003) demonstrate that the condition of Indian climate is highly suitable for the solar photovoltaic technology. In India there are approximately 250-300 sunny days in a year. Solar energy provides 4-7kwh/m2 in India whereas it provides only 2.7kwh/m2 in UK and Germany.
Figure 1.2 Increase in installed power capacity by solar system http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue16/images/gopal1.jpg (17/11/2010)
The overall objective of this report is to design a particular system which is capable of generation of power by means of solar concentration for use in emergency in situations of an existing off-grid situation. The aim of this project is towards the understanding as well as the development of a cost effective system which would be considered as reasonably affordable for the purpose of the newly developing regions of the India. This system should be capable of utilizing the available sources and it should contain a simple to promote the idea of repairing quite easily. However, in order to reach this goal it is imperative that a few key research objectives must be met. The key objectives include characterization of the solar PV panel and the charge controller so that it is possible to determine the overall efficiency of the system. This characterization of the different components of the constructed system will help in future work ideas on a similar project which is aimed towards increasing the efficiency as well as the overall output of power.
The main aim of the project is to design a system which is more efficiency and low in price for solar energy generation which supply power to the houses which are based in a village in certain areas of India.
1.3 Objective
To learn that radiant energy can be converted directly into electricity.
Understand the structure of a photovoltaic system, and its subsystems.
Progress on skills and know-how to model economical photovoltaic solar panel.
To learn how to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic solar panel.
Gathering information about solar energy, working and its history
How much it beneficial for the off-grid area and the working of solar panel system and subsystem
Comparing the price and efficiency of existing model and new model
Design of solar module
Parameter of solar subsystem
Of system and subsystem
Design of solar system and subsystem
Solar panel model
Checking the working of the model
Checking the voltage and current of the new model
Economical and efficient solar panel for the off-grid area for two bulbs
Checking how to increasing the efficiency of the model
Reading: - Gathering information about the solar panel and the photovoltaic system. Collecting information about solar panel history and background from different resources.
Research: - Rural electrification of India and off-grid area of India. Providing the graph for the rate of solar power installation increasing in India. The advantages and disadvantages of solar system and by the base of it the aim and objective of the project. The brief explanations of the working of solar system and the component of solar system (subsystem)
Patent: - selecting the cheap and efficient subsystem for the solar system and creating a economical and efficient solar module for the solar system.
Draft design: - Sketch design of working of solar system and the solar panel and the parameter of all the subsystem. Comparing the selected subsystems from the other subsystems. Describing the component of the new model of solar system and explaining the series connection of solar cells.
Working of model: - Explaining the soldering of solar cells in series to obtain the require voltage to charge the 12V battery and the advantages of all the subsystem selected and their price and details. Explaining the each step of modelling of solar panel.
Engineering analysis: - Checking the working of the new model and their subsystem. If the system is working than go to analysis process if not go back to the working model and check the model again.
Analysis of result: - Checking the voltage of the whole system and charging the 12V battery to glow the CFL bulb. If the voltage is not obtained to charge the 12V battery again checks the model of solar module.
Validate: - Increasing the efficient of the model and explaining the advantages in efficiency and the future solar panels.
Conclusion: - Design of economical and efficient solar panel for the off-grid area for glow two CFL bulbs.
3. Solar power
The sun supply energy in the form of radiation, lacking of which existence on the earth is not possible. The sun radiates energy due to the fusion which generates which change hydrogen atoms into helium. In the other word we can say sun is the enormous nuclear fusion reactor. The energy supply from the sun is unlimited. Markvart (1994) states that the average energy received by the sun is nearly 1.2*1017W, in average in one hour the sun supply enough energy to the earth surface which can satisfy the entire energy requirement of the human population over the whole year. The intensity of solar radiation depends upon the distance between the sun and the earth outside of the earth's atmosphere. Deutsche (2008) demonstrate that the sun radiation reach earth nearly after travelling 1.47 x 108km and 1.52 x 108km, by which the irradiance Eo fluctuates between 1325W/m2 and 1412W/m2. The average value is called as the solar constant.
Solar constant: Eo = 1367W/m2
The whole irradiance never reach earth's surface, the earth's atmosphere reduces the insulation through reflection and absorption by ozone, water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide and scattering caused by air molecules, dust particles or pollution. The irradiance value depends on the region. Mostly the equator regions reach the maximum irradiance of 2300kWh/m2 per year. As shown in the figure 3.1 the different irradiance depending on the region.
Figure 3.1 Worldwide distribution of annual solar irradiance in kWh/m2
http://www.greenrhinoenergy.com/solar/radiation/empiricalevidence.php (11/11/2010)
Krishnadas (2008) reported that the largest solar power project of the world is purportedly entity planned in western India at Gujarat at a cost of about $5 billion, which will generate power approximately 5 gig watts. State government of Gujarat, Ahmadabad said that the total cost of the enormous project will be less than pervious the power generation project. The official said that it will reduce the cost of power generation from 25 % to 10 %.
3.1 Photovoltaic cells
Photo means light and voltaic refers to volt, a unit of electrical force. Photovoltaic has two very important aims in its area of application. First provide professional devices and supply systems for off-grid area (solar home system, solar pump and telecommunication equipment) and secondly energy generation at the large scale. It is the technology in which photons illuminated by the semiconductor material in result generates direct current electrical power measured in watts or kilowatts.
3.2 Working of solar cells
The operation of solar cells is due to the ability of semiconductors to convert sunlight directly into electricity. Mostly the semiconductors use in solar cells is silicon crystal. The sun is composed of photon and this photon contains various amount of energy. This photon strike the solar cell and they reflected or absorbed, only the absorbed photons generates electricity. By the help of semiconductor the energy of photon is transferred to an electron in an atom of cells. The absorbed photons excite the bond electrons into a higher energy state, help them to move free. These free electrons start moving in all direction leaving the holes where it was bonded. The negative electrons will go to N-layer and the positive holes got to the P-layer. The P-N type junction created in solar cells and the working of the solar cells shown in the figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2 P-N junction of solar cells source http://www.wcubed.com/solar/What%20is%20a%20Solar%20Cell%20.htm (12/11/2010)
The P-N junction formed by placing P-type and N-type semiconductor next to each other, Although the materials are electrically neutral, the negative silicon has excess electrons and the positive silicon has excess holes, putting these together creates P-N junction at their interface and electric field generates.
3.3 Characteristics of solar cells
The voltages of the solar cells depend upon the material selected in semiconductor. http://www.solarserver.com/knowledge/basic-knowledge/photovoltaics.html (12/11/2010)
In the silicon semiconductor there is only 0.5V voltage generated. Terminal voltage is usually depending on the light radiation. The current intensity increase with the higher luminosity, like if the sun radiate 1000 W/m2 on a 100 cm2 silicon cell the maximum current intensity will be 2 A. The product of electricity and the voltage of cells are depending on the temperature. The output will be low if the temperature is high. Markvart (1994) demonstrate that the voltage will decrease with the increase of the temperature as shown in the figure 3.3. In silicon the voltage decrease is approximately 2.3 mV per oC.
Figure 3.3 I-V characteristic of a solar cell depending on temperature
3.4 Different types of solar cells
There are basically three types of solar cells according to the type of crystal.
Single Crystal solar cells - first generation
Thin film cells - second generation
Multi crystal solar cells - third generation
Single crystal solar cells - first generation
These types of cells are made of slice of silicon crystal by purifying, melting and freezing silicon. These type of solar cells also known as the monocrystalline cells. These types of cells are most efficient as well as most expensive. Krebs (2010) demonstrates that the maximum photovoltaic production comes from the first generation cells nearly 90% of current. However the cost per produced 1 watt of power is much more than the cost of electricity formed by usual.
Thin film solar cells - second generation
These types of solar cells are made by putting the layer of amorphous silicon upon the plastic, glass or metal. The efficiency of thin film solar cells are too much as those made from individual solar cells, although it has been improved in recent year. These types of solar cells are not too much expensive but as their efficiency is too low require more panels to get require output therefore more space is taken up. These types of cells are also known as amorphous silicon cells.
Multi crystal solar cells - third generation
Multi crystal solar cells also known as the polycrystalline cells. It is made from the cast block of silicon which contains many small crystals. These types of solar cells are being used in large scale in recent days. The polycrystalline cells introduce the idea of multijunction solar cells which help to increase the efficiency and in economically way.
3.5 The structure of a photovoltaic system, and its subsystems
Photovoltaic system assembled by many components not only from solar cells. Many other parts required to complete the design to obtain electricity. All the components have to be interconnected, seized and specified for photovoltaic operation. The size of the system or photovoltaic generator and storage sub system depend on the geographical location and it the application for which the system is design.
The photovoltaic system consists of many parts or subsystems.
The photovoltaic generator
Mechanical support for photovoltaic generator
Batteries (storage sub system)
Wiring for electrical connections
Junctions boxes
3.5.1 Photovoltaic Generator
The main part of the system is photovoltaic generator. It is made of photovoltaic modules which are interconnected to form a photovoltaic generator which generate electricity. When the modules assembled with the mechanical support is usually called as array. These types of modules shown in figure 3.5
Figure 3.5 Different type of solar module
Photovoltaic module
Module is the basic construction unit of a photovoltaic generator. Module is constructed by the crystalline or semi-crystalline silicon cells. These types of modules are commonly used in solar electrification. Markvart (1994) states that the cells in the module are connected in series due to electrical characteristics of individual solar cell, usually 4-inch diameter crystalline silicon solar cell produced 1 and 1.5 watts on the standard condition depending upon the cell efficiency equal to the voltage of 0.5 to 0.6 V. The number of cells in a module is depending upon the requirement of voltage in module. The voltage should be match between the system and sub system. There are some standard storage conditions by which module parameters are specified
Irradiance 1kW/m2
Spectral distribution AM 1.5
Cell temperature 25 oC
3.5.2 Mechanical support for photovoltaic generator
Mechanical support for the photovoltaic generator can be design by the two way first the modules can be moulted to the fixed positions and the orientations will follow the motion of the sun. The modules are supported at the fixed position facing the inclination of the equator in maximum arrays. Due to which the cost of solar system get reduce because there will no moving parts. However the support which move along with the sun gives more efficiency because captures more radiation. Mechanical support for photovoltaic generator is shown in figure 3.6
Figure 3.6 Support for solar generator
3.5.3 Batteries (storage sub system)
A battery is an enclosed and protected material which can be charged by electricity and provides electricity when needed. It is consist of an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte.
Without batteries to store electrical energy in photovoltaic system is very difficult, however the photovoltaic system will provide electricity only when the sun is shining or the generator is running. Batteries in photovoltaic systems operate under specific conditions which must be suitable for the system design. There are several types of storage batteries use in solar system.
RV/ Marine / Golf cart: RV or Marine type of batteries are deep cycle batteries and mostly for boat and camper. It is suitable for only very small systems. They do not have capacity for the continuous services for charge and discharge for many years. Golf cart batteries are very good for small system and fairly they are more costly than deep cycle batteries.
Flooded types: These types of batteries are also known as lead acid batteries as they have caps to add water. These types of batteries mostly use in solar system for store electricity. They are not too much expensive and work for many years, however they release gas during the charging so usually it is not used in indoors otherwise there must have ventilation system for releasing the explosive gas outside.
Gel: These types of batteries are mostly used in indoors because it does not release gas during charging process like flooded batteries. It allows batteries to preserve a most stable temperature and carry out superior.
AGM: AGM means Absorbed Glass Mat. These types of batteries are best for the solar power system as there a woven glass mat is used sandwiched between the plates to grip the electrolyte. They do not release gas when charging and they have superior performance. It has all characteristics superior quality, preserve voltage better, self discharge slower and very last longer. They are more expensive and used in airplanes, hospitals, remote telephone tower installations.
3.5.4 Wiring for electrical connections
Wiring in solar panel is not too much difficult as installation, when the photovoltaic generator mounted successfully with the mechanical support than the simple phase wiring only left. Firstly connect all panels with inverter with the required wire, than the power inverter connected to batteries in where the energy will store for the use in night time and these batteries further connected to the home grid. There are different types of wires are there to use in solar system.
3.5.5 Junctions boxes
It is an electrical box which is used to connect wire in different connection or in more direction which will bring power to different electrical devices. Basically it is the unit where different wires connected together. By the help of junction box it easy to connect the photovoltaic generator and the batteries wire to the house grid. The junction box used in solar system shown in figure below.
3.5.6 Inverter
It is electronic equipment which is used to change direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The output of the photovoltaic generator is DC and the inverter changes it into AC current which can be used directly to the house grid or home appliances. The efficiency of inverter depends on the load of current being a maximum at insignificant output power. The inverter can be classified into three categories depending upon the photovoltaic application.
Variable frequency inverters
Self-commutating fixed-frequency inverters
Line-commutating fixed-frequency inverters
Variable frequency inverters are mostly used in photovoltaic pumping system whereas other two inverters used for grid connection. The inverter is shown in the figure.
3.6 Economics of photovoltaic installations
The economical value of a photovoltaic system is low as compared to other method of power generation. Photovoltaic is mostly very economical and useful where small amount of electricity required like off-grid area. There is some of the reason why the photovoltaic system is different and more economical than other type of power system.
The only initial price of the system is high.
In this system there is no fuel cost.
Maintenance costs are too low.
Replacement costs are low due to high reliability.
Output of system depend upon the different location
The economical benefits can be discussed by two ways firstly the money which is been saved or that has been collected at the time of operating the systems. And secondly the social and environmental benefits which one should consider as well when we compare between another systems.
3.6.1 Life-cycle costing
Life-cycle costing is the total amount of money expend for the system for its life time which expressed in today's money. In this type of parameters not only the initial costs but all the future costs for the life time of the photovoltaic system consider. The time for analysis should be for the lifetime as the system lived. Markvart (1994) demonstrates that the initial cost for the photovoltaic generators are more to buy than a diesel generators, however the lifetime of PV generators are 20 years whereas the diesel generators lifetime is only 10 years and use certain amount of fuel every time. To do the meaningful comparison all the costs like future costs and benefits have to be low-priced to their equivalent value in today's economy which is known as 'present worth' (PW).
3.6.2 Parameters of life-cycle costing
There are some values which should be known as to calculate the life-cycle costs
Period of analysis: - longest lived system as compare to the other system for the life-time.
Excess inflation: - The rate of price increases for the component up and down from general inflation which is usually assumed as zero.
Discount rate: - The rate relative to the general inflation at which funds would rise in value if invest.
Capital cost: - The total cost of initial cost of installing or buying the system.
Operation and maintenance: - The amount of cost which is invested to keep operating the system through whole year.
Fuel costs: - The amount of money spend to fuel in year (Annual fuel bill)
Replacement costs: - The amount of money spends to replace each component at the end of its lifetime.
3.6.3 Calculation of present worth
There are two types of calculation of present worth which can be used in life-cycle valuation when express a future price or benefits. Single payment and annual payment are the two types of calculation of present worth. Single payment calculation is use for like battery replacement after five years and annual payment calculation is use for as annual fuel cost and maintenance cost for a year. Markvart (1994) demonstrates that the formula for the present worth for single payment calculation is
PW = Cr X Pr
Where, PW is present worth
Cr is single future cost
Pr is values of present worth factor in N year's time
For calculating the present worth factor there is another formula which is
Pr =
Where, i is excess inflation, d is discount rate, N is year time
The formula for the present worth for annual payment calculation is
PW = Ca X Pa
Where Ca is payment occurring annual
Pa is present worth factor in an annual requirement cost
However there is a formula to calculate present worth factor for annual requirement cost
Pa =
4. Major components of the off-grid PV system
PV module
Charge controller
Balanced of system
PV modules cable, combiner box, lighting arrestors, over current protection, fuses and circuit breakers, AC & DC disconnects, circuit breakers, dedicated disconnect switches, meters and monitors, various enclosures boxes and battery cables.
As for the required project the aim is to provide the electricity for off-grid selection area (At least for two bulbs), before we select the solar panel for the project, we should calculate the total load required for the two bulbs.
4.1 CFL Bulb
CFL stands for the compact fluorescent lights. Compact fluorescent light is argon and mercury based bulb which are used as energy sever which save money on electricity cost. It work by the mercury which is inside the bulb give ultra violet light which is changed to colour and there is coating of phosphors on tube that will visible to human eye. CFL bulbs are four times more efficient as the incandescent bulbs and 10 times long last. The 24 watts CFL bulb produced the same amount of light as the 100 watts incandescent bulb. The 18 watts and 13 watts produced the same amount of light as the 75 watts and 60 watts respectively. CFL bulbs are not only made for energy saver but they are last long as well, normally the CFL last long for 8,000 hours which is equivalent to 7 years. These types of bulb are ideal for main electricity supply and they are suitable for 12 volt battery as well, so the benefits of choosing this type of bulb is the PV system will not required any inverter. Actually inverter change the AC current to DC current because all the appliances in house operate on AC current. But the PV generator produced DC current and CFL bulb can operate on DC current so in that case there will be no need of inverter. There is some parameter of the CFL bulb which is going to be used in this project.
Figure4.1 White Compact Fluorescent Bulb
http://www.led-cfl-lighthouse.com/page/1435725 (18/11/2010)
Working Voltage: 12 Volts DC nominal, input range 11 -15 volts DC.  Â
Life: 8000 hoursÂ
Base connector: B22D Bayonet Connector (BC)
Light output: 18 watts +/- 5% 6400K 50Lum/W Daylight typeÂ
Conforms to ISO 9001 2000
Ideal for use with solar panel charger (see my other auctions)
Electronic ballast and preheat for quick start and no flicker
Size:       Total length = 155mmÂ
                             Length of tube = 70mm
                              Diameter of body = 58mm
                              Diameter of tube = 55mmÂ
4.2 Photovoltaic Module
The number of solar panels needed depends on the amount of electricity required. Usually the solar panel comes with the various wattages. Watts and voltages are the main measure of the PV module. As it is discussed in section 3.4 and 3.5.1 the solar modules can be classified as monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous. It is quite complicated but the output of the monocrystalline solar panel is the same as the other panel. However the difference is in the amount of area the solar panel going to require. And the structures of monocrystalline solar panels are more efficient than the other solar panels in producing electricity from sunlight. As in this project we have selected two CFL bulbs each working at 12 volts and need 20 watts. The monocrystalline modules take less space and give the same output so we will use this type of module for this project. To design 20 watt monocrystalline solar panel we need solar cells which should be square shape. The number of cells required are depends on the voltage required to charge the battery or the voltage require to light the bulb.
Monocrystaline Cell Specifications
2.0-2.6 watts
Open circuit voltage
Close circuit current
Maximum power voltage
Maximum power current
75 mm X 64 mm
Figure 4.2 Monocrystalline photovoltaic cell
For the 12V solar panel we need to tab cells in series to get the 20 watts for 12V battery. The components require for the DIY the solar panels are
Solar cells
Tabbing wires
Bus wires
Aluminium, bolts and nuts etc
4.3 Charge Controller
The charge controllers regulate the voltage and current coming from your PV panel to the battery. It is a device which protects the battery to being overcharged and being over discharged. Overcharged battery has a very short life time and overly discharged battery turn into permanently damaged. For this project PWM Solar Charger Controller 10A is used as shown in figure 4.3
Figure 4.3 PWM Solar Charger Controller 10A
Benefits of choosing this solar charge controller is
It has fully automatic operation
It has electronic operation
It is suitable for 12 volts lights
It has microcontroller for digital accuracy
It has temperature compensation
Specification of PWM Solar Charger Controller
Charge current
Load current
25% current overload
1 min
Load disconnect
Load reconnect
Equalization voltage (10 min)
Boost voltage (10 min)
Float voltage
Temperature compensation (mV/C)
Terminals for wires
Operating temperatures
-35 to 55oC
133 X 70 X 24 mm
144 g
4.4 Battery
Battery is one the most important parts of the solar system for off-grid because it will store the electrical energy in the form of chemical energy which will come to use in night or when the sun is not shining. In this particular project the batter should be of 12 volts or the battery should be charged at 12 volts. In all type of battery gel or acid type of battery is the best battery to use in solar system as they are not that much expensive and easily can be use in house. As for the small solar plant it is enough to provide electricity, so 12 Volt 18 Ah Sealed Lead Acid Battery is used in this project as in figure 4.4 shown.
Figure 4.4 12 Volt 18 Ah Sealed Lead Acid Battery http://www.batterymart.com/images/products/full/SLA-12V18.jpg
Battery Specifications
Batter code
12 Volts
18 Ah
Sealed Lead Acid Battery
15 pounds


text:
Opened 7 years ago
Closed 5 years ago
#10908 closed enhancement (duplicate)
Impossible to exclude categries in a category listing
Reported by: | dimitryz | Owned by: | ryan |
Milestone: | Priority: | normal | |
Severity: | normal | Version: | 2.8 |
Component: | Query | Keywords: | reporter-feedback |
Focuses: | Cc: |
Setting the 'category__not_in' query_var in a WP_Query object does nothing if 'category_name' is also present. The consequence is that it's impossible to hide the posts of some child categories for a category listing.
The offending code is in line 1843:
$whichcat = " AND $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = 'category' ";
A dot (.) should be added before the equal (=) to indicate concatenation:
$whichcat .= " AND $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = 'category' ";
The proposed solution enabled the addition of categories ('category__in') and exclusion of categories ('category__not_in') when the following condition is met:
if ( '' != $q['category_name'] && !$this->is_singular ) {
Attachments (1)
Change History (14)
7 years ago
What would be the use-case of this?
category_name is asking to query for a specific item, category__not_in is saying, for the following generic query, i do not want the following items to be there.. When would they be used together?
7 years ago
When you're listing the posts for a category. Currently, all posts for that category and posts for that category's children are displayed. If you wanted to exclude the posts of one or more child categories, 'category__not_in' should do the trick.
7 years ago
You can use 'postsnot_in' instead, as I'm pretty sure allowing 'categorynot_in' together with 'category_name' will have hidden side effects.
7 years ago
I'm not sure about scribu's answer. Excluding posts is more trouble since those posts must first be retrieved. That may be a *lot* of posts.
I also don't understand that you mean by category_name. 'category__not_in' is used with an array of term_ids, not names.
7 years ago
- Milestone changed from Unassigned to 3.0
- Type changed from feature request to enhancement
I can see the use-case for this now.
Also see #12891
7 years ago
- Keywords has-patch needs-testing added; category wp_query category__not_in removed
6 years ago
- Cc upyup added
- Keywords category wp_query category__not_in added; has-patch needs-testing removed
- Type changed from enhancement to feature request
- Version changed from 2.8.4 to 3.1
I have the same problem on v3.0.1
the goal being to set a user filter on specific categories (chosen in the plugin options page)
If the user chose the category 4 ("Adultes" categorie) and then goes to /category/adultes , he is presented the posts from this categories instead of the expected "No post found" page
When changing line 1938
$whichcat = " AND $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = 'category' ";
$whichcat .= " AND $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = 'category' ";
the filter works as a charm
6 years ago
- Keywords reporter-feedback added; category wp_query category__not_in removed
- Type changed from feature request to enhancement
- Version changed from 3.1 to 2.8
Please try it with version 3.1-alpha.
'Version' represents the earliest version in which the bug is reproducible.
5 years ago
- Resolution set to invalid
- Status changed from new to closed
This problem has been washed away by time. Pro tip: the string "$whichcat" no longer exists in the wordpress codebase.
5 years ago
- Resolution invalid deleted
- Status changed from closed to reopened
5 years ago
- Milestone Future Release deleted
- Resolution set to duplicate
- Status changed from reopened to closed

subset: commoncrawl


text: Jeremy Clarkson investigating drifting is as funny as it soundsTom Joslin8/27/11 4:00pmFiled to: RetroCar StarsJeremy ClarksonNissanSkylineR32r34r36Drifting68EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Before drifting made its way into the mainstream, the always on top of new trends Jeremy Clarkson went to investigate the underground phenomenon. Advertisement Equipped with some astonishingly large hair, the Top Gear host watches illegal drifting with comical results before checking out what all the fuss is about behind the wheel of a 1000 horsepower Skyline.We're not sure where or when this originally broadcast but we haven't seen it before. Even if you have it's definitely worth watching an outspoken and out of touch television host trying to understand drifting before singing the praises of an impressive Skyline again.Reply68 repliesLeave a reply


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Are you looking for Fun and Adventure?
Troop 469 is one of Parker's most active troops!
We welcome boys age 11 to 18 and their families.
Are you a young man between the age of 11 and 18? Do you enjoy the outdoors? If so, we'd love to have you join our scout troop.
Troop 469 was 25 years old in 2008. We've graduated 97 Eagle scouts. We camp year-round in all types of weather, making us one of the most active troops in the area. Each year we go on a high-adventure outing. Our troop is boy-led, meaning that if you join us, you will have the opportunity to learn leadership skills while participating in some great activities.
Scouting is a great place to make new friends, learn new skills, and above all, have fun in the outdoors. Please feel free to visit us during one of our regular Monday meetings.
Our most recent summer camp at Camp Alexander.


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Slide show: More scenes from Sasquatch
As I write this, Day 4 of the Sasquatch! Music Festival is nearly halfway through. Already I've regrettably missed Twin Shadow, Old 97's and Chromeo, but if I hurry to the main stage I'll make it in time for Guided by Voices, followed by a day of diverse talents: Sharon Jones & the Dap Kings, Rodrigo y Gabriela, !!!, the Decemberists and the festival's closer, Wilco.
Sunday was a doozy -- momentous sets from Tokyo Police Club, Beach House, Cold War Kids and Flogging Molly had me consistently spellbound but wore my body and mind to their cores. Gotta get out and face the final musical onslaught, but first I should make a few more comments about Day 3 ...
I'd like to rank Flaming Lips up there with those artists I've mentioned, and the enduring and endearing psychedelic rockers did put on their usual display of dazzling graphics, clouds of confetti and general carefree madness ... but their set was slightly hindered by time constraints and an impromptu mass chorus of "Happy Birthday to You" to commemorate the fest's 10th.
It also didn't help that frontman Wayne Coyne was particularly chatty this evening. All of which led to them not completing a planned full-album performance of The Soft Bulletin, something the Lips will do again June 14 at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery (with their reading of Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon slated for June 15).
Modest Mouse was pretty... meh ... a conclusion I've come to more often than not when I've caught them over the years. Nevertheless, their rabid fans were out in force, dancing spiritedly to every tune. For those that shared my lack of interest, however, Ratatat offered an energizing (albeit bizarre) antidote.
Similar to the duo's performance at Coachella, Mike Stroud and Evan Mast dominated the late-night atmosphere, projecting copious creepy visuals and blasting eardrums all the way to the main stage with new and old bangers, including "Party With Children," "Drugs," "Wildcat," Lux" and "Loud Pipes." Still, Bassnectar is holding the lead for best electro act this weekend (though I heard MSTRKRFT had it hoppin' in the Banana Shack).
I'll be sure to share more details about Day 3 as they come to mind amid my final wrap-up tomorrow afternoon. Until then, enjoy these photo highlights.
Photo also by David Hall, for The Orange County Register.
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Thank you for being a part of our special day! We can't wait to see you all and make memories together. We can't tell you how much we appreciate you taking the time to make the journey. Below are some bits and pieces to make it easy on you:
Transportation: Walk from the hotel (Doubletree) or drive to the reception venue and get into a trolley. (The trolley's will be in the parking lot across from the reception venue and it is paid parking). Make sure you are there by 2:15 sharp. The trolley will take you to the church. After the ceremony, the trolley will be there to give you a FUN ride back to the reception. Walk back to your hotel or arrange a safe way to get home after the reception.
Have Fun! God Bless! Dance!


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WASHINGTON (AP) — Rep. Charles Rangel faces an almost certain censure by the House, a devastating defeat for a 40-year veteran who insisted to the end that he never meant to violate House rules. The Skanner News Video
If the House votes for censure Thursday as expected, the New York Democrat will have to humbly walk to the front of the chamber to receive his punishment. He'll stand in front of his colleagues while Speaker Nancy Pelosi — in one of her most solemn duties — reads him a resolution condemning his ethical misbehavior.
The House ethics committee took a hard line toward Rangel, 80, the former chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. Most past censures involved congressmen who enriched themselves. Rangel was not charged with lining his pockets, although he did fail to pay taxes for 17 years on income from a vacation villa he owns in the Dominican Republic.
In Rangel's case, the House ethics committee said, his long pattern of fundraising and financial misdeeds justified the most severe penalty short of expulsion.
Fellow Democrats on the committee showed Rangel little more mercy than Republicans, as the committee of five members from each party voted 9-1 on Nov. 18 to recommend censure.
Rangel has had a difficult time accepting the punishment and planned to argue on the floor of the House for a lesser reprimand — a vote disapproving his conduct but without the requirement that he stand before his colleagues to accept the discipline.
His argument is that censure is reserved for corrupt congressmen, and he's not one of them.
In a last-ditch attempt to influence the House, Rangel e-mailed about 25,000 campaign supporters Wednesday. He asked them to call the Capitol switchboard to get connected to their congressmen and ask them to vote against censure.
Rangel was apologetic in his plea.
"I am truly sorry for mistakes and would like your help in seeing that I am treated fairly," he wrote.
Rangel said he posted arguments for a reprimand on his website, "which shows that the recommendation for censure is excessive and that my lapses do not rise to the level of transgressions of those censured in the past."
Rangel filed misleading financial disclosure reports for a decade, leaving out hundreds of thousands of dollars in assets he owned. He used congressional letterheads and staff to solicit donations for a center named after him at City College of New York.
The ethics committee found that he contacted businesses and their charitable foundations that had issues before Congress and, specifically, before the House Ways and Means Committee that Rangel formerly headed. He was not, however, charged with taking any action on the donors' behalf.
Rangel also set up a campaign office in the Harlem building where he lives, despite a lease specifying the unit was for residential use only.
Rangel has paid the Treasury $10,422 and New York state $4,501 to fulfill another ethics committee recommendation. The amounts were to cover taxes he would have owed on his villa income had the statute of limitations not run out on his tax bills.
Copyright © 2010 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.


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Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
Black Friday was a huge hit for online retailers – sales rose 26% over last year. Brick-and-mortar stores, meanwhile, lost badly. How do we know that? Because Black Friday sales, overall, were up only 6% from last year. Somebody whiffed and dragged the average down. It wasn't the online guys.
Today's American economy is just like that – wildly uneven. Statistics say the economy is recovering with 2% growth. But hardly anyone lives in the statistically average world of 2% anymore.
(A skeptic of statistics, Mark Twain was prescient. He observed that the average human being has one t*t and one testicle.)
Statistical averages fail us when we try to understand a place like Silicon Valley. The media says Silicon Valley is booming, and that is true. Palo Alto house prices are up 20% this year. Steve Jobs lived in Palo Alto. Facebook grew rich in Palo Alto. But Silicon Valley is a shifting landscape; it escapes statistical categorization. Go south on Highway 101, a few miles from Palo Alto, to San Jose, which still calls itself the capital of Silicon Valley. You'll find no boom. San Jose house prices are flat this year. The story is worse over in the East Bay, in Fremont – less than ten miles across the Dumbarton Bridge from Palo Alto. House prices continue to drop. Fremont, too, was once thought to be a vital part of Silicon Valley. Today is better known as the home of Solyndra.
Is Silicon Valley in a boom or not? Statistical averages can't tell you.
As one more example of flawed statistical averages in the field of economics, take inflation. The latest quarterly figures show U.S. inflation moving up to a 3.9% annual growth rate. But what does this mean, really? We know that two classes of products and services are far more inflationary than 3.9%. One is products with a high commodity content, such as metals, food and gasoline. The other is services for which the government distorts the free market – health care and education would be two of those industries.
On the other hand, products and services that are:
1. Driven or shaped by Moore's Law
2. Forced to compete in free markets ...
… have no inflation at all. Where is the inflation in computers, cameras, phones, long distance calls, music players, books?
Confusion about statistical averages leads to confusion in policy and asset allocation. Half the investing world now thinks inflation is a looming threat. The other half says no, it's deflation. To find a perfect example of this confusion, go back a few weeks. In September, the U.S. 10-year Treasury yields fell below 2% for the first time since the 1940s. Outlook: deflation. But wait. Gold soared over $1900 an ounce in the same week! Outlook: inflation.
Confusing enough for you? Now enter politics, which makes all statistical analysis even cloudier.


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Nevada's largest action sports and music festival is set to return to Las Vegas.
The Clark County Parks and Recreation Department plans to host Extreme Thing from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m. March 29 at Desert Breeze Park, 8275 Spring Mountain Road.
The event is set to include wrestling, skateboarding, BMX dirt track riding, vendors and live performances by Taking Back Sunday, Finch, The Used and more, according to Brian Saliba, special events supervisor.
"We will have four stages with a lineup of 24 bands and 10 DJs," Saliba said. "Adrenaline Unleashed will be doing some professional wrestling. There will also be a professional BMX dirt jump, with appearances by BMX riders Colton Satterfield and Ryan Guettler."
In addition to professional sports, Vegas Am Jam is set to host amateur competitions at 11 a.m., when residents of all ages can register to compete in BMX, skateboard and scooter contests, according to recreation specialist Nate Jaramillo.
"We've had kids as young as 4 to guys who are in their 50s and 60s," Jaramillo said. "Competitors are judged based on style, technique, skill and overall use of the course."
Each division is divided into beginning, intermediate and advanced categories. Participants are set to complete tricks they've learned on their own and are comfortable with performing.
"It's just a fun, laid-back competition," Jaramillo said. "It's a great amateur event for action sport enthusiasts."
Vegas Am Jam expects to host about 150 competitors this year. Registration is set for 9 a.m., costs $10 and includes a ticket into the event. Helmets are required.
"There are prize bags for the top three participants in each category," Saliba said, "but they're really basically competing for bragging rights."
About 55 vendors are expected to offer food and beverages, including event sponsors Domino's Pizza, Monster Energy Drink and Qdoba Mexican Grill. No alcohol will be sold.
Extreme Thing was first hosted at the Whitney Recreation Center, 5712 Missouri Ave., in 1996. According to Saliba, the first few events started with 300 to 500 attendees.
"We started as a neighborhood event in the gym and parking lot," Saliba said. "Every year, it kept growing exponentially, and we moved to Desert Breeze Park in 2001."
Clark County expects between 15,000 and 18,000 attendees this year, although Saliba said it's possible the event will draw larger crowds.
"I can't say that we're having anything new this year," Saliba said. "We're pretty much focusing on the music, talent and sports, but we are bringing back the mobile zip line and a bunch of miscellaneous activities."
Saliba recommends carpooling and wearing sunscreen. Outside food is not allowed inside the venue; however, attendees are permitted to bring one factory-sealed bottle of water. Pets, coolers and chairs are also not permitted.
"There will be ample food and vendors on site," Saliba said. "ATMs will also be available throughout the venue."
For more information or to purchase tickets, visit extremething.com or call 702-455-8200.
Contact Southwest/Spring Valley View reporter Caitlyn Belcher at email@example.com or 702-383-0403.


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Rehabilitation |
Physical therapy for pectoral aplasia?09/17/2007 |
My 13 year old son is missing a pectoral muscle on his right side. The pectoralis minor seems to be present as well as the upper part of the pectoralis major. But there is a significant portion of the pectoralis major that is simply missing. He is normal on his left side. His sternum is somewhat crooked, presumably as a result of the muscle imbalance. It is the crooked sternum that most concerns me. This is becoming more noticable as he gets older. He is an athletic boy and he takes part in several sports. I am wondering if there would be any benefit to building up the pectoral muscles that are present on his right side. Could this work towards pull the sternum back to its normal position? And if so, where can I go for help with this?
From a functional standpoint, if he is active and athletic, it sounds like his body is adequately compensating for the lack of a pectoral muscle.Biomechanically, I am not certain if building up the pectoralis minor would really have much of an impact on bolstering his sternum. If this is truly a concern for you, you may want to have a biomechanical analysis of his gait and other movements performed; this is usually covered by insurance and allows folks to determine what muscles are making contributions as he performs activities.
Stephen J Page, PhD Director of Research, Associate Professor Drake Center University of Cincinnati |


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Traditional Balinese Buffalo Racing.
In the Makepung photo essay.
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Sam Houston State University's (SHSU's) proposed Social Media Policy and Procedures Manual is receiving anything but a warm welcome from students on campus. Opposition to the proposition has emerged in the form of protests planned today for the campus' mall area, with the main event being a "censored free speech wall" that Morgan Freeman, president of the SHSU Lovers of Liberty, describes as being "basically a free speech wall but we are going to cover up 'profane' things." Groups protesting the new social media policy include the SHSU Lovers of Liberty, Young Democratic-Socialists, Bearkat Democrats, and the College Republicans-the same sponsoring groups of the free speech wall vandalized by SHSU professor Joe Kirk.
The proposed policy has the potential to restrict the free speech of student organizations, as those that choose to join SHSU's "Social Universe" could be subject to censorship by the university. Student groups may voluntarily "opt-in" to the Social Universe, but the policy's restrictions are anything but optional: the Manual states that "SHSU has trademarked 'Sam Houston State University,' 'SHSU,' and affiliated terms. As such, only members of the Official Community will be allowed to use identify themselves [sic] with the University's name in social media."
SHSU's associate vice-president of Marketing and Communications, Kris Ruiz, recognizes the concerns of the university community in a Houstonian article by Stephen Green. "We encourage those in our university community to share their opinions and any ideas for improvement," Ruiz said. "We want this very powerful tool to work for us all. I understand there are some concerns regarding some of the language in the social media policy." Freeman explains these concerns, noting that "To place any limit on [the exchange of ideas] would violate the ultimate purpose of the university, [which is] to educate and promote this exchange of ideas."
Jamie Herbert, provost and vice-president of Academic Affairs, most directly addresses the potentially problematic Manual by reassuring students that "Anything that remotely infringes on First Amendment rights or academic freedom will be carefully scrutinized by all appropriate administrative channels." FIRE hopes that this sort of "careful scrutiny" will allow the SHSU administration to realize how its proposed Manual would stifle free discourse on campus.
Schools: Sam Houston State University Cases: Sam Houston State University: Faculty Member Takes Box Cutter to Students' Free Speech Wall; Police Threaten Students with Misdemeanor


text: An Unbelievable Picture of Eight Lightning Bolts Striking San Francisco at the Same Time (Updating)Casey Chan4/13/12 2:20pmFiled to: Image cacheLightningLightning boltsPhotographySan FranciscoStormMother Nature70EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink A hellacious storm rocked San Francisco last night which meant howlin' winds, pourin' rain, boomin' thunder and an ungodly amount of strikin' lightning. In this picture, we see all four towers of San Francisco's Bay Bridge being struck with lightning... at the same time. Mother Nature, you are a scary mama. Advertisement The picture was taken by photographer Phil McGrew who rigged his camera to a take long exposure shots (about 20 seconds). McGrew was well hidden inside his apartment and said he couldn't even see much through his window. Amazing he managed to snag this. [Daily Mail] Amazing colors. Fierce bolt. What a picture. [f.ramirez01 flickr] Other angle of the Bay Bridge lightning strike. [@abc7newsBayArea] The Golden Gate Bridge got some electric love too. [SFist] Even lovely Santa Cruz got pilfered with HORIZONTAL lightning. [SC Sentinel]Reply70 repliesLeave a reply


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Trivia: the copper man used to test and advertise heated electric blankets. The same ones whose failures cause an estimated 5000 fires each year in the U.K. The ones that were sold for more than a decade in the U.S. without adequate safety circuits [safetyresearch.net].
The article says it is worth $400 as scrap. Assuming all the value is in the copper, at $3/pound (based on what a local metal recycling center was paying during a recent visit), that means there's about 133 pounds of copper (61 kilos) in the Copper Man. The Copper Man has a thick skin.
The Copper Man has a thick skin.
Of course he does... Otherwise he turns green when he cries.
The Copper Man has a thick skin.
Of course he does: it says so in the first paragraph of article and it's the sixth word of TFS.
"GE's 'Copper Man' is a quarter-inch-thick, electroplated copper mannequin from the early '40s that the Army used to evaluate the thermal-insulating quality of protective clothing issued to B-17 and B-24 airmen. At the request of the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Washington, DC, the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine recently agreed to donate its oldest Copper Man for permanent display."
subdue them with the Rubber Band Man
So much rhythm, grace and debonair from one man?
TFA says he's worth $400 in scrap, a meth habit will burn through that pretty fast...
"Copperman: The Ironman prequel"?
No, sorry, Bronzeman is the Ironman prequel.
Hmm. Then we probably first have to make a prequel to that, kinda like a remake of the Wizard of Oz where Copper Man meets Tin Man...
This looks rather like one of the 'Minutemen' group photos from 'Watchmen':
http://files.gereports.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/CopperMan1.jpg [gereports.com]
Copper man looks more like Copper lady. Either that, or he's had his electrodes removed.
Reality must take precedence over public relations, for Mother Nature cannot be fooled. -- R.P. Feynman


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Join my guild please, we rule
*no card beggers
*no unactive people
*no one who dosnt like to chat or post in the message board
we are a new guild please join us so we can get to the top =)
purple pimpen hats
This guild is awsome
What if people don't like to talk in chat? Are you really going to deny them that freedom to remain silent?
If u want u can join
I'm a very quiet person.
Good guild


text:
mbuffer is an enhanced version of buffer. It features display of throughput, memory-mapped file I/O for huge buffers, and multithreading.
User manpage included
Related Projects
License | Verified by | Verified on | Notes |
GPLv2 | Janet Casey | 26 April 2001 |
Leaders and contributors
Contact(s) | Role |
Thomas Maier-Komor | Maintainer |
Resources and communication
Audience | Resource type | URI |
Bug Tracking,Developer,Support | mailto:email@example.com |
Software prerequisites
Kind | Description |
Required to use | posix-thread support is required |
Required to build | posix-thread support is required |
This entry (in part or in whole) was last reviewed on 1 August 2005.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the page "GNU Free Documentation License".
The copyright and license notices on this page only apply to the text on this page. Any software or copyright-licenses or other similar notices described in this text has its own copyright notice and license, which can usually be found in the distribution or license text itself.


text:
In a damage control excercise shortly after Indian prisoner Sarabjit Singh died in a Lahore hospital, Pakistani authorities on Thursday slapped murder charges against two jail inmates for his brutal murder and ordered a judicial probe.
The decisions came after stinging criticism from India as also Sarabjit's family on Pakistan's refusal to hand over Sarabjit for better treatment and its inability to provide adequate security despite having being warned of threats to his life.
The Lahore Police added murder charges to the FIR registered against death row prisoners — Amer Aftab alias Amer Tambewala and Mudassar — who were booked for the attack.
Officials at Kot Lakhpat police station confirmed that they had added Section 302 (murder) of the Pakistan Penal Code against Aftab and Mudassar after Sarabjit's death.
Najam Sethi, the caretaker CM of Punjab province, assured Indian High Commissioner that those responsible for the murder will be brought to justice.
Sethi ordered a judicial inquiry and directed officials to ensure that the probe was completed in 15 days. The inquiry will be conducted by a High Court judge, state-run Radio Pakistan reported.


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The controversy surrounding the role of French company ATOS in carrying out the government's assessments of people on sickness and disability benefit, illustrates the barbaric and callous nature of the Tory attacks on the poor and most vulnerable section of society in response to the economic crisis.
The Scottish Daily Record is playing a lead role in highlighting the injustices being perpetrated by ATOS, but now it is time for the Scottish Government to step in and nail its colours to the mast when it comes to standing on the side of the victims of this despicable process. Joyce Drummond, a former nurse and an active socialist, worked for ATOS carrying out assessments, but resigned in protest. Her story was covered by the Daily Record back in September, and now she's calling for the Scottish Government to carry out its own investigation.
Solidarity issued the following press release:
A former nurse has called on Alex Salmond and the SNP Government to establish a parliamentary inquiry into the performance of ATOS, the private company used by the Coalition Government to carry out controversial Work Capability Assessments on the sick and disabled. The results of these tests determine whether or not people continue to receive benefits or are forced to find work. The French company has received a barrage of criticism from disability campaigners, trade unions and health professionals.
ATOS has declared that over 70% of disabled people assessed in Scotland should no longer receive benefits and instead need to seek employment. The remainder of those assessed and deemed to be unfit for work are told to expect to be put through the process again as they attempt to shave millions of pounds from the welfare bill. The company's methods however have been called into question with up to 40% of claimants having the original ATOS decision overturned on appeal. In addition, disability campaigners claim that some of the verdicts delivered by ATOS have resulted in the death of claimants forced back to work.
The Black Triangle Campaign and other disability rights activists have protested against the company, The British Pain Society have recently published a report saying that ATOS are failing chronic pain patients whilst the STUC will debate a motion at their annual congress in April calling for ATOS to be removed from the list of sponsors from the Commonwealth Games.
Joyce Drummond, a Solidarity member from Glasgow, resigned from her job after ATOS employed the former nurse to carry out assessments.
"The assessments are a farce designed to trick sick and disabled people out of benefits they are entitled to. Simply by turning up for an interview, being well dressed, pushing a pram, admitting to owning a pet or being able to complete forms would count against a claimant."
I could not stomach the job any longer after bosses told me I was being "too nice". All I wanted to do was help those who needed it most. I had worked for over 20 years in the Southern General Hospital and I knew sick people when I saw them. The company had no interest in my professional or clinical opinion, their only interest was in getting as many claimants as possible deemed to be fit for work."
Joyce quit her job with ATOS but the stress she suffered as a result of her experiences has meant she has not been able to work since. The former staff nurse wants to see the Scottish Government do more to protect the vulnerable people undergoing Work Capability Assessments.
"The sick and disabled are being discriminated against and people are dying in a bid to save money. The poorest and most vulnerable are again being scapegoated by this government of millionaires. The methods and procedures used by ATOS need to come under proper scrutiny. The UK Government won't do it so the Scottish Government needs to act here and bring more pressure to bear on the ConDems. Even if welfare and benefits are reserved to Westminster there must be more Holyrood can do to expose the scandal of these assessments. This needs more than a committee. If an inquiry can be set up to look at the cost of the Parliament Building then something could be done to help the tens of thousands suffering at the hands of ATOS. Evidence could be heard from health professionals, claimants and campaign groups."
"It's time to kill off ATOS before ATOS kills off anymore sick, vulnerable and disabled people."


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When I fill up with gas, the gauge only registers half full, but the tank is full. The dte shows 310 miles, but the gauge reads about half a tank left.
This problem was intermittent, but with the last month it has gotten to be a regular weekly issue.
Asked by for the 2005 Nissan Altima


text:
From eLinux.org
Main | Readers | Authors | Volunteers | Sponsors | Advertising | Translations |
Donating Money
An obvious way to help the magazine is to donate towards the running costs of the magazine. There are lots of costs involved with running the site and maintaining the magazine and additional funds will allow us to expand the project to reach more readers.
A PayPal donate button is on the main page of The MagPi site.
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text:
While avowed critics of social engineering at home, most conservatives believe the U.S. government can remake foreign societies abroad. It's a dangerous delusion. In pursuit of their interventionist fantasies, they are prepared to waste scarce financial resources, entangle the U.S. in foreign quarrels, and risk war with nuclear-armed powers.
Even though Putin lectured Obama at length, after forcing him to come to his dacha outside Moscow, about Russia's concerns, with a very special emphasis on Ukraine, the reality that the administration had to deal not with a nice ally and potential buddy but a tough guy with very clearly defined limits did not sink in.


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The Official 2015 Calendar With Holidays Website
Welcome to our calendar resource site. You will find the full 2015 calendar with holidays listed below. In addition, you can view each month by clicking on the month in the sidebar to the right. That will give you a monthly calendar with a larger view and more holidays listed as well.
Holidays & Notable Days In 2015:
January 1 New Year's Day
January 19 Martin Luther King Day
February 2 Groundhog Day
February 12 Lincoln's Birthday
February 14 Valentine's Day
February 16 Presidents Day and Washington's Birthday
February 17 Mardi Gras Carnival
March 8 Daylight Saving (Start)
March 17 St. Patrick's Day
April 1 April Fool's Day
April 3 Good Friday
April 5 Easter
April 6 Easter Monday
April 22 Earth Day
May 5 Cinco de Mayo
May 10 Mother's Day
May 16 Armed Forces Day
May 24 Pentecost
May 25 Memorial Day
May 25 Pentecost Monday
June 14 Flag Day
June 21 Father's Day
July 4 Independence Day
July 26 Parents' Day
September 7 Labor Day
September 11 Patriot Day
September 13 Grandparents' Day
September 16 Stepfamily Day
September 17 Citizenship Day
September 25 Native American Day
October 12 Columbus Day
October 16 Boss's Day
October 31 Halloween
November 1 Daylight Saving (End)
November 11 Veterans' Day
November 26 Thanksgiving
November 27 Black Friday
November 30 Cyber Monday
December 7 Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
December 25 Christmas Day
December 31 New Year's Eve


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Thank You for Keeping Me….a Tribute to Mothers
We never know for sure how today's actions will influence tomorrow. Sometimes it's not until years later that the impacts of our decisions are fully understood…
Over the years I have had numerous opportunities to speak to students ranging from elementary school to college. Many times I have been approached afterwards by a student expressing how the services at the Mission had blessed their family. Sometimes that blessing came through their experience as a volunteer or when a family member needed support. Other times the connection is even more direct.
I was being interviewed one morning for a television program through one of the local high schools. As I looked out into the audience of students and faculty, my eyes were drawn to a young man whose eyes were keenly fixed. The intensity of his gaze let me know he was holding onto every word. His eyes filled with tears as I continued to speak. There was nothing very personal about what I was sharing, but this eighteen-year-old boy was obviously touched as he wiped his tear-stained face with the back of his hand.
Seeing the gratitude of this young man's heart reminded me of my own mother. My biological dad was killed in an airplane crash in Germany while my mom was pregnant with me. He was in the Army and as two planes collided, he plummeted to his death. I knew some of the story but never asked questions. Since it happened before I was born, I never gave it much thought.
At age thirty-five, I was married with two small daughters and my mother was living in Alaska. Rather than haul everything with her, we were keeping some of her items in our basement for storage.
While fiddling around the basement one day, I came across an old box of her memorabilia I decided to peruse. As I opened the box and began rummaging around, I came across an old newspaper clipping from the Topeka Capital-Journal. The large picture on the front captured my eye; in it stood three smiling women. They were in the New York City harbor as they stood on a ship, waving cheerfully as it slowly pulled away. I smiled as I read the article about the young ladies who were eagerly leaving the United States to join their husbands in Germany. My heart filled with pride as I thought of my mom.
I finished the article and put it aside. Directly underneath was another clipping with an entirely different feel. "Three Went, One Came Back Alone," the headlines read. My heart sank as I realized the article was about my mom and the devastating tragedy that had taken the life of my dad. She was now coming back to Topeka, twenty-one years old, pregnant and alone. Then reality hit me… the child in her womb had been me.
Feeling sorry for her, some soldiers had snuck her onto a huge cargo plane so she wouldn't have to endure the two-week trek home by ship. For hours, she bounced in the air suffering from the effects of her pregnancy, motion sickness and sorrow.
When Mom did arrive back in town, she had nowhere to turn. The survivor's benefits from the military had not yet kicked in and she had no income. Had her parents not still been alive and in town, she too would have been homeless.
While I read the article, my heart was gripped for the first time with the realization of the sacrifice of my mother and what she had done for me. She could have easily given me away or attempted to seek an abortion. Instead, out of her love and sacrifice, she held on and gave birth to her son.
I trembled with great emotion, heaviness and gratefulness in my heart as I picked up the phone and called Alaska. "Mom?" I said as she picked up the phone. She responded but I couldn't speak. I had a lump in my throat the size of a watermelon and no words could escape. She asked if I was okay. When I couldn't respond she asked if Tami was okay… and then about the kids… and then once again, she asked about me. I still couldn't speak. Finally, through the cracking of a tearful voice, I whispered, "Yes… I just want you to know how much I love you."
I explained to my mom what had occurred and how I had read the newspaper articles from so long ago. I told her I never realized the extent of all she had endured and done just for me. "Thank you for keeping me," I breathed. Still trembling I spoke and continued to share and thank her for the many ways she had been such an amazing mom.
The young man I met at the high school knew, but hadn't realized, the sacrifices that had been made just for him. When I looked at my mom, I now realized the same. The loss, the fear, and the pain these two women had to endure just to keep their boys, is still more than I can hardly comprehend.
Jesus had a mom. She carried Him in her womb, nursed Him, nurtured Him and stood by His side. The difference between this child and others was that He was born to die. I can only imagine the pain she felt as she walked through her life. The rejection she endured as her pregnancy was scoffed, the sorrow she felt knowing one day she would have to release her firstborn from her care, and the unexplainable pain she experienced as she watched Him die in anguish before her very eyes. As Jesus sacrificed His life, she sacrificed her son… all so that you and I might live.
Are we really aware of the many sacrifices that have been made for us?
There were days for these mothers when they must have wondered if they could really go on; if their sacrifices were really worth the effort. But through their love and in spite of the hardships that came their way, they pressed on and continued to care for the children God had placed in their hands. Through Christ, each one of us can find the strength to do the same. You do have the strength to
carry on.
I thank God that He sent His Son, that through Jesus I would have eternal life. And I thank my mom that she endured through the pain and trials that I might experience life in this world.
Who is it that you have to be thankful for today? It's never too late to say "thank you," and give honor where honor is due. May you never forget the multitude of sacrifices that have been made, just so that you could live.
The room began to clear as I prepared to leave but the young man stayed behind, evidently waiting for the appropriate time to approach me in private. When the last person left, he walked forward and bravely shared.
When he was just a baby, he and his mother became homeless. His biological father had disappeared; his mother had no money and knew very few people in Topeka. Hopeless, with nowhere else to turn, they moved into the Mission. For the first time in his life, while listening to me speak, this young man began to realize what it must have been like for his mom. She had told him over the years it was because of God and those who served at the Mission that she had survived the experience. It was only now that he caught a glimpse of what she had meant.
As the young man continued, he shared of friends he knew who had gone through similar situations. The difference with them was that their mothers had walked away and given them up. With an expression of gratitude and awe he faintly said, "But my mom kept me." The tears were now streaming down his face as he looked up and with all sincerity said, "Thank you for helping my mom."
In time, his mom got back on her feet and did what she could to give him the best life possible. His face lit up as he spoke of the amazing man she married who had become his new dad and of his two younger siblings. He was now making plans for college and was excited about his future. Before saying goodbye, he shared with a smile, "It wasn't until today that I realized how much my mother has done for me… and I can't wait to tell her tonight when I see her."
My heart cries out in gratitude to You. Thank You for the abundant sacrifice that You gave that I might live. Give me an understanding and revelation of others who have sacrificed, allowing me to be alive this day. May I go to them with my thanks and appreciation and may their lives be blessed for their giving.
In Jesus' Name.
This story is an excerpt from Barry Feaker's book "In Darkness, A Light Still Shines".


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Updated on 6 September 2012
Dr Ong Ming Thong, Chief Technical Officer- Biogenica Scientific
Biogenica Scientific Sdn Bhd (BSSB), a Malaysian biotechnology company, incorporated in 2008, has developed the first-of-its-kind antibody-based rapid diagnostic test kit to detect non-halal components in food. Halal is an Islamic Arabic word that means "lawful" or "permissible".
This first-of-its-kind testing kit has been developed under the leadership of Dr Ong Ming Thong, chief technical officer, Biogenica Scientific. He is a biochemist and has graduated from the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Owing to his vast experience in the industry, as well as in the academia, he has translated his expertise in molecular and cell biological diagnostic kit development, monoclonal antibody production and engineering, bioprospecting of medicinal plants, and cell and molecular oncology into projects that are highly appreciated by local and foreign institutions.
A young and growing company, Biogenica Scientific, acquired BioNexus status in August 2009 for its capacity to conduct continuous research activities for the improvement of its existing detection kits/methods of non-halal components in food. With an objective to be a leader in molecular diagnostic field, Mr Yeoh Guan Pheng, chief executive officer of BSSB, put the operational experience acquired from his previous stints in Asian countries as well as his scientific education background to work.
Beginning with a team of 14, BSSB is built with the support of qualified researchers and technicians, and has formed alliances with experts to further enhance its research and development activities. The company has entered into collaborations with local research and learning institutions as well.
Currently, the diagnostic kits developed by BSSB are targeted at food manufacturers and retail users. Exploring the market beyond Malaysia, BSSB is eying international markets such as France, Switzerland, Holland, Japan and Indonesia.
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A cyber hacker is nothing more than a bank robber using another weapon. His motivation is robbery and theft - L. Collins
I do believe that in the future, the cyber threat will equal or even eclipse the terrorist threat. And just as partnerships have enabled us to address the terrorist threat, partnerships will enable us to address the cyber threat - Robert S. Mueller, III
Page 2 of 16


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CBM A-10, Dare A-10 and Large A-10 - You can just barely see inbetween the fan nacelles on the back an Astro 112D charger during a fill up, Big!

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Dare A-10 using twin EDF 200 Turbo's and the CBM A-10 using twin Midi Fan and Ultra 930's
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My tribute to 9/11/01 and all who were lost. New York once had a national guard squardron based nearby. Long live American pride, strength and unity.
This was a Geroge Miller kit 80" wing span this kit is no longer made and was designed for twin Turbax I's now using twin setups of WeMoTec HW 750 - Astro FAI40 - Astro 204D - 22x2400 (2200 Watts) 23 pounds RTF and ground testing is almost done. I need some stiffer tires and to adjust a positive AOA on the mains. Astro wound me some motors and I'm running these in before taking a hop. They are working great with no probems at all. The sound and power is awesome for sure, Flight video soon.

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EJF P-80/F-80 kit 54" wing span using a WeMoTec HW 750 - 1415/2Y - schulze 55bo - 22x2400, We will be switching to the FAI40 very soon as well on this setup.
  (click to enlarge)  (click to enlarge)  (click to enlarge)
 Airworld Me-262 kit 80" wing span with Twin Midi Fan setups using Hacker HBR B50S18 - Jeti 70 - 16x2400, 14 pounds RTF
This is Joe B. and Ivan M. Me-262's |
Astro FAI40 in the HW750 Fan?
Are we digressing ? Let's see, we all went to Aveox because they delivered higher eta at higher currents. But the 14XX series doesn't seem to have the thermal mass to survive anything larger than say a MIDI-FAN. So now we are going to try maybe a little bigger chunk of metal in an even bigger fan? The 40 is a long stack 25, correct? Was it 2 brushes or 4? Perhaps it should be 8 !! Anyways, sorry we missed you at the AZ event. The Diegos just came for Saturday. Keep us posted on how the Astro 40 survives the HW-750 fan. V/R Steve Manganelli AKA Prof. Maneuver |
Very soon I'm going to wrapped liquid Nitrogen cooling around the motors. Also it's news to me an Aveox 14XX has even held up to the Midi Fan. Can you say demagnetize when you least expect it. Hackers rule in the EDF 300/Micro Fan, Mini Fan 480, HW 609, Midi Fan and HW 730. The HW 750 is next. A new XL motor is in the works, until then it's back to brushes for awhile on the big guy. Yes, Sorry I missed you guys. San Diego is next for sure. How's the runway working out? have you guys thought about raising it up and sloping it a bit away from the pilot line so water won't collect? You have a bunch of fill to work with I think someone mentioned to me. |
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September 1, 2009
As serviceberries and chokecherries around Steamboat Springs ripen, encounters with black bears are becoming a more common occurrence.
Stories this photo appears in:
Black bears edge closer to Steamboat for berries
More encounters reported as animals look to town and people for food
Ripe serviceberries and chokecherries around Steamboat Springs are drawing black bears in from the wilderness, keeping Division of Wildlife officers and homeowners busy this summer deterring, and sometimes killing, nuisance bears.
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Go Tell It on the Mountain
Let's be bold: The David S. Ware Quartet is the best small band in jazz today. I realize that I will almost certainly hear another quartet, or trio or quintet or octet, this week or next, that will make me want to backpedal. But every time I see Ware's group or return to the records, it flushes the competition from memory. Besides, hyperbole is so much fun and I do it so rarely, no? Thus, with the first set of last week's two-night Blue Note gig resounding in my ears, along with an imminent new CD, Corridors & Parallels (Aum Fidelity), I effortlessly banish from consciousness every other bandleader who might inspire a like-minded leap of faith and stoke the experience of listening to Ware and wantingin that interval at leastto hear nobody else.
His sound alone is enough to clear the room of contenders. It is huge, big enough to house a large family, several pets, and half the holdings of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Size is not and has never been a sine qua non for tenor saxophonists; Coleman Hawkins had an extrovert sound and Lester Young an introvert sound, and yet they are equals in God's view. Nor is size per se of much value if it isn't unique, personal, inviolable. Ware's sound is virtually unrelated to the roomy traditions of soul tenors, honking tenors, or deep-chested boudoir ballad tenors. It derives from the classic, free, often vociferous tradition of Ben Webster as filtered through the 1960s trinity of Rollins, Coltrane, and Ayler, all of whose shadows can be tracedRollins in Ware's capacious low register, Coltrane in his high overblowing, Ayler and Webster in the grit that coats his every note with a sandstone finish, all four in the euphoric tenacity he calls bliss.
Shadows, however, are only shadows. Ware's distinct sound and Holy Roller fervor were already evident when he was 25, performing in Cecil Taylor's unforgettable 1974 Carnegie Hall big band. He became more assured through subsequent touring with Taylor's working unit and Andrew Cyrille's Maono, promising a formidable career that suddenly petered out. For several years, he drove a cab and worked out his next move, which took shape in the late '80s, when he organized a quartet for a record date. He chose pianist Matthew Shipp, who was completely unknown, bassist William Parker, with whom he had worked in Taylor's band, and drummer Marc Edwards, whose chair was subsequently taken over by Whit Dickey, Susie Ibarra, and, at present, Guillermo E. Brown, the quartet's most aggressive percussionist to date. A series of astonishing albums followed, among them Flight of I, Third-Ear Recitation, Godspellized, and Go See the World.
Although his style combines high-energy free improvisation, brazenly distended ballads, and "godspellized" bliss pieces, Ware communicates easily and readily, his improvisations suggesting a nearly vocalized urgency intensified by a virtuoso attack. Too much downtown time got him pegged as a shocker, but in fact he has always had broader appeal; it simply has not been exploited. Rollins praised him in interviews, and after Columbia distributed two of his DIW CDs, Branford Marsalis signed him, making Ware the only artist he brought to the label during his tenure as an executive. Two superb albums followed: Go See the World and Surrendered. Neither was publicized in any way. Then Ware was jettisoned, though waddaya wanna bet both CDs will be issued in a few years as classics with alternate takes and acerbic liner comments about Columbia's stewards of the early 2000s.
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Meanwhile, the Ware Quartet became home base for a small jazz industry, as Shipp and Parker pursued even more record and performance projectsranging from solo recitals to big bandsthan the leader. Like the extracurricular activities of Miles Davis's second quintet, their outside work differs greatly from what they play with Ware. Take for example their current CDs. Piercing the Veil, Volume 1 (Aum Fidelity), by Parker and Chicago's spellbinding percussionist Hamid Drake, is rollicking entertainmentnot what you'd expect from a bass-drums duo. Yet they double on so many winds, flutes, and bells that the variety is almost as relentless as the wit and high spirits. According to Steven Joerg, the brains behind Aum Fidelity, the second volume, due next year, will be volume one remixed in a "DJ/club style."
Shipp's latest String Trio album, Expansion, Power, Release (hatOLOGY), with Parker and violinist Mat Maneri, isno hyperbole herean enticing, irresistible work that is certain to make many of the year's best-of lists. It was recorded in late 1999, before last year's stunning New Orbit, but completes his cycle of six Hat Art CDs. Call it his Bernard Herrmann project, although all the music is original. The 14 brief selections are held together by a mesmerizing ostinato figure in the Herrmann style that might have served Vertigo perfectly. In this it carries on from Shipp's preceding Hat disc, Gravitational Systems, a duet with Manerispecifically "Forcefield," a six-note ostinato loosely reprised here in "Waltz" and "Speech of Form." The principal vamp this time is an eight-note variation, heard on the opening "Organs" and, later, "Functional Form." These recurring, repeated, appealing figures lend unity to an album that achieves a rare level of emotional satisfaction. It offers anomalous delights as well: Shipp's candid nod to early Cecil at the top of "Combinational Entity," Maneri's unaccompanied solo on "Pulse Form," and the closing groove track, "One More," which might have been called "One More Time," considering Parker's bluesy basswalk, Shipp's rocking and rumbling chords, and Maneri's solid elaboration, including a few glisses that sound more like swipes.
Ware's forthcoming Corridors & Parallels (the release date is September 18) will be controversial, as it omits one of the quartet's central pleasuresShipp's piano, sacrificed to the introduction of Ware's Korg synthesizer played by Shipp with settings devised by himself and Ware that range from organ tonalities to hurricane winds to Sun Ra tinkering to funk, Afro-Cuban, and Afro-Afro rhythms. Consisting of eight main selections and three short untitled transitional pieces on which Ware does not appear, the paradoxical net result is a first-rate Ware showcaseeven though he makes his first entrance five minutes into the disc. At that point Shippin his organ modemostly lays out, and tenor, bass, and drums lock down for the relatively conventional, aptly titled "Straight Track," an exuberant instance of Ware's capacity to avoid cliché while upholding passion and clarity. Parker snaps the strings so hard you can almost feel them slap the wood. Shipp returns toward the end, piling on the rhythm, and joining in a nicely abrupt finish.
"Jazz Fi-Sci" is less successful, a disjointed back-and-forth dialogue between tenor and synth that offers a certain gimmicky pleasure, but smacks too much of foreplay interruptusjust when you think Ware will finally take off he halts for a synth interlude. "Superimposed" is a mini Ware festival, boasting an elaborate hoot of a solo, played (without dubbing) against synth rhythms that suggest a whole tribe of percussionists. The euphoric edge is fully extended until the humorous wind-downWare sounds as if he's running out of fuel. No less pleasing is "Sound-a-Bye," in which he creates barely mobile melody out of what is essentially a three-minute drone, continuing after the others fade away and then fading himself. It's completely convincing and like nothing else I can think of. More ambitious is "Corridors & Parallels," with its synth whistling, funk, zooming arco bass, and a bristling Ware, who enters like an electric shock and essays a thrillingly upbeat holler of a solo that produces an oddly liturgical feelingsort of "Ascension" meets "He Loved Him Madly." After its mere eight minutes, you feel washed in the blood of the lamb. Even the layered fadewith Brown's backbeat lingering the longestworks.
"Somewhere" and "Spaces Embraces" are three-minute toss-offsthe first all creaky synth, arco bass, and swirling snares, and the second a vain attempt by Ware to salvage the disc's one meretricious misfire and losing to old-hat sci-fi synth banality. Then he comes roaring back for a masterly performance in his best fire-and-brimstone manner. "Mother May You Rest in Bliss" is both fresh and familiar, built on foundations laid by Rollins and Coltrane, erected anew on Parker's buttressing bowed bass. It's raucous pop gospel, flowing with melody, harmony, and wind chimes. As is often the case, Ware becomes more ardent the longer he goes, the more agitated he becomes. Only the brief rhythm transition disappointswhat you want here is a cannonading Shipp piano solobut Ware returns for the amen chorus.
At the Blue Note, the quartet was its old captivating self, everyone stretching out, each solo a short novel without a single longueur. Working from his usual book, he began with a 30-minute "Surrendered," which opened and closed with Ware's incantatory song and had Shipp kneading the piano in a chordal solo, which led to display work on bass and drums, including a high-hat fantasia. They continued with a fast, intense, and unified "Lexicon" (Go See the World); the very blissed-out "Sentient Compassion" (Third-Ear Recitation), complete with almighty cadenza; and the less blissful but more punctilious set closer, "Bliss Theme" (Great Bliss). Best small band in jazz today.
In Case You Missed It
Upcoming Events
Indo Out Part III
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16th Annual Eric Clapton Birthday Show: Godfrey Townsend & Friends
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Richard Lloyd's guitar lessons are both informative and highly entertaining. Read More »
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DVD Review: Bong Bo Kuen (MartialSkill 7 Star Praying Mantis Series)
Yet another solid training DVD from MartialSkill. Read More »
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Learn a traditional Seven Star Praying Mantis kung fu form! Read More »


text: iRobot Patent Filing Hints at Lawn Mowing Robot UpdateJack Loftus7/06/08 7:00pmFiled to: iRobotLawnmowerLawnRobotsLawnmowing robotsRoomba24EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink The folks behind the Roomba robot vacuum appear to have another robotic helper up their sleeves. In this case, it's of the lawn mowing variety, but the final design is anything but final if the wide variety of shapes, configurations and features are any indication. A lawn-mowing Roomba-like robot... Lawmba? Loomba? Mowba. Advertisement According to a detailed 84-page filing, various configurations are on the table, including all-electric model and a gasoline-electric hybrid. The filing also depicts several acoustic and optical sensors that will allow the robot to "avoid hard surfaces, water and other barriers," in addition to its main job: cut grass. The robot can even sense uncut grass and make sure the blades are aligned properly. Other features gleaned from the filing by Robot Stock News: Advertisement A possible edge trimmer along the outside edge of the chassis.The possibility of collecting clippings and depositing them at a specified locationThe possibility of using RFID tags or proximity sensors to avoid running into pets or peopleThe possibility of learning your lawn in the first cutting and remembering it for future cuttingsThe inclusion of grass-combing technology to ensure that the grass is fluffed and properly oriented for cutting[Robot Stock News]Reply24 repliesLeave a reply


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HEAD Office: | RCMART LIMITED
11/F, Draco Building, 46 Lai Yip Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong |
Fulfillment & Order Pick-up Center: |
4/F, Morlite Building, 40 Hung To Road,
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong |
Contacts: | Customer Service Hotlines: | ||||||
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Office Hours: | Mon - Sat : 10:00 - 17:00 |
Our Website: | http://www.rcmart.com |
Contact Us: | Click here to contact us! |
rcMart Staffs, Friends and Family Private Track. The venue is not open to public at the moment.
Might open to not for profit organization in 2014.
rcMart M8 Raceway Facebook Page
Team rcMart works here for you!
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Well! We sell what we have!! |
Physical Stock in warehouse to serve your needs! |
Bubble wraps & carton boxes for the best protection! We do care packaging! |
A new material bubble wraps to minimize the pollution We always try our best to protect the environment!! |
Wanna save the postal by local pickup?? Welcome! please order on-line & pick up at our office! or Send us your shopping list before your visit! |
About rcMart.com (RCMART LIMITED)
JAN-08-1999 | The dinball first website was found. dinball fishing, a non-commercial fishing website written in Chinese language. |
JUL-24-2000 | Dinball Racing, our first R/C website. Non-commercial & written in Chinese language. |
ARP-27-2001 | Dinball purchased its own (ISP) server. |
FEB-01-2001 | The Domain name dinball.com was created and launched. |
MAY-26-2001 | Dinball created and opened a Mini-Z track in Western, Hong Kong. |
OCT-26-2001 | Dinballs first On-line store was opened. |
JAN-31-2002 | Dinball Mini-Z race track was closed. Dinball was relocated to new facilities in MongKok, Hong Kong to focuse on the on-line business. |
MAR-21-2002 | Our On-line eStore was upgraded and renamed to "Dinball eStore". |
JUN-15-2002 | Dinball installed a dedicated server for our eStore to provide higher security and reliability. In addition, our server allowed our customers to enjoy online store with the new high capacity 150M network. |
JUL-05-2002 | Further increase our logistic system, we expanded our shipping department and invested in a new computer system. Customers were able to receive their orders within expected time frame. |
NOV-22-2002 | Dinball eStore was renamed to "rcMart". A new domain rcMart.com was created and launched. |
FEB-01-2004 | rcMart was relocated to a 4,000 sq feet office/ warehouse in Mong Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. |
JAN-16-2006 | rcMart was relocated to a 11,000 sq feet office/ warehouse in Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. |
APR-25-2006 | The ownership of rcMart.com was transferred to Dinball Limited. |
MAY-03-2006 | Dinball Limited acquired Aero Model Design (AMDhobby.com), a model plane manufacturer. |
MAR-27-2007 | rcMart.com received Hong Kong Top Seller Award from eBay.com. |
APR-01-2007 | Dinball Limited acquired Xpress (RC-xpress.com) from Sun Sun Hobby, a Hong Kong RC Car manufacturer since 1995. |
SEP-11-2013 | rcMart.com received Hong Kong Top Seller Award from eBay.com. |
OCT-01-2013 | rcMart got another 6,000 sq feet warehouse in Hong Kong to stock more RC products. |
JAN-01-2014 | rcMart's warehouse has started the 2nd phase expansion. |
JAN-10-2014 | Our RC Track "M8 Raceway" Opens. |
SEP-18-2014 | rcMart.com received Hong Kong Best Seller of the Year Award from eBay.com. And we are entitled Top Rated Plus & Titanium Power Seller. |
SEP-25-2015 | rcMart.com received Hong Kong Best Seller of the Year Award from eBay.com. And we are entitled Top Rated Plus & Titanium Power Seller. |
SEP-22-2016 | rcMart.com received Hong Kong Best Seller of the Year Award from eBay.com. And we are entitled Top Rated Plus & Titanium Power Seller. |
Why Choose rcMart?? There are tons of on-line stores, so why choose rcMart?? Check it out here! |