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Gas Giants Biography
Last updated: 08/01/2001 02:21:19 AM
As a member of the multi-platinum selling band the Gin Blossoms, lead singer Robin Wilson experienced all that rock stardom had to offer from TV appearances, touring, record sales, and music videos to Grammy nominations. So when he rounded up ex-Blossoms drummer Philip Rhodes and his longtime friend/guitarist Daniel Henzerling to form the Gas Giants, he knew he wanted only one thing.
"I want it all over again. And in fact, I want to take the showbiz stuff one step farther than the Gin Blossoms ever did. I want to be on cereal boxes in Japan," Wilson says. "In a lot of ways the Gin Blossoms resisted fame and the things that come with it. Rock life isn't something we saw on VH1. Phillip and I lived it and are prepared to start all over again."
Armed with a new record of edgy pop songs, FROM BEYOND THE BACK BURNER, their own recording studio dubbed Mayberry, and a new label, Atomic Pop, the trio is prepared for the competition and spirits are high. Perhaps that's because they already feel like they've fought half the battle just getting this record to market.
The Gas Giants (which refers to the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed in 1997, but the seeds were planted many years before that when Henzerling and Wilson were working as clerks mid-80s at the local Tower Records in Phoenix. Wilson explains, "I wanted to be in a band with Dan since our days at retail. We'd be in back stickering U2 albums and talking about how cool it would be in a band together and who we would want to sound like. It just didn't happen until two years ago."
The band was initially signed to the Blossoms' former label A&M. By May of 1998 they had built Mayberry and finished FROM BEYOND THE BACK BURNER with producer John Hampton. Wilson adds, "He was a best friend and mentor to the Blossoms so we have a real easy working relationship. When you can communicate with inside jokes and gestures, it makes recording all the more spontaneous and productive."
As fate would have it, Gas Giants became embroiled in the Polygram-Universal merger and the album was delayed. "Eventually we found ourselves with an album and studio that A&M paid for, and the freedom to choose where we wanted our career to go next," Wilson says. "Shortly thereafter, we connected with Atomic Pop, who had a revolutionary idea about how to distribute records, and a business model that gave us total control over our music. For the first time in our career, we're going into an album debt-free. And if we had any hang-ups about signing with a new smaller label, those were extinguished the day the Public Enemy album came out."
One area that Gas Giants took liberty was with the music and lyrics, heavily inspired by power pop icons like Cheap Trick, the Replacements, and Tom Petty. The effort is harder and more ambitious than anything Wilson has done before. "Most of the difference is in how we approached the music. I'm always going to sound like me and I am proud of my previous work with the Gin Blossoms. There are a lot of Gin Blossoms' songs still played on the radio, and I wrote a lot of them, so I intend to ride my own coattails."
FROM BEYOND THE BACK BURNER is a collection of 13 stand-out tracks. Wilson describes the first single "Quitter," as "a sing-songy traditional pop tune" that contains "the best lyrics I've ever written." The opening track, "Now The Change," falls somewhere between the Cult and the Cars. Wilson says, "I wanted to write a really spaced-out song with nonsense lyrics and a perfect guitar solo -a 'My Sharona' 2000."
Also destined to grab attention is the stellar album art, for which Gas Giants called in noted comic artist Geof Darrow ("Hard Boiled"). "Most groups don't put much effort into packaging, but I wanted to give people something that was worth keeping if you lost the CD. Darrow is incredible and now our merchandise, t-shirts, and web site look amazing," says Wilson.
Concern over every career detail like packaging proves the kind of all-out passion the Gas Giants have for music. Like the distant and powerful planets they are named after, the trio intends to go above and beyond what is expected of your average pop band. "I have only had two dreams in my life - to be a spaceman and to be a rock star- so I intend to do everything in my power to make the Gas Giants successful," Wilson says, "We are one of the luckiest groups in the world. We survived the biggest corporate merger in music history and walked away with our own recording studio, a record we love, and a label that believes in us."
Additional Band Info
"Daniel and I have been talking about starting a band since we were teenagers," says Robin Wilson, the former lead singer of the Grammy® nominated Gin Blossoms. Wilson refers to guitarist Daniel Henzerling; a veteran of celebrated Tempe club bands, including a short stint as drummer for the Blossoms.
The duo first met while working as clerks at Tower Records in the mid-eighties. But it took more than a decade for them to come together, along with Blossoms drummer Phillip Rhodes to form Gas Giants. The band signed with A&M Records in late l997, built a recording studio, dubbed "Mayberry", and recorded their debut LP From Beyond the Back Burner, by May of 98.
Recorded with producer John Hampton, the record is harder and more ambitious than the multi-platinum works of the Gin Blossoms. Stand out tracks include the aggressive Now the Change, and the barn burner Circus of Stars. The first single, Quitter, was receiving heavy rotation on Phoenix and Las Vegas radio stations long before the albums release, which was delayed due to the sale of A&M to the Universal Music Group.
The timing may have been fortunate because the group found itself with a completed record in time to take advantage of the artist friendly policies of Atomic Pop, and to become one of the first Rock bands to launch a record as a digital download. Wilson explains, "The Internet seems to scare the major labels because artists don't need them to sell records online. It's great to be involved with something that frightens so many millionaires. And as a band we now have unprecedented control over our music and the money it earns." And what of the inevitable comparisons to his former band? Wilson shrugs, "I don't think that Gin Blossoms fans will be disappointed. With the harder edge of Gas Giants, we might appeal to an even wider audience."


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South-South FDI vs North-South FDI: A Comparative Analysis in the Context of India
This paper attempts to compare the characteristics of South-South FDI versus North-South FDI in the context of India. The analysis is carried at two levels. First t the overall trends of FDI flows (both inward & outward) is looked at region wise (North versus South), country wise and sector wise. Econometric analysis at the sectoral /industry level for inward FDI from the North and from the South to examine the difference in the characters (if any) of FDI from the two sources was carried out. [WP no. 238].
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Date of creation: | Jul 2009 |
Handle: | RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2143 |
Note: | Institutional Papers |
Contact details of provider: | Web page: http://www.esocialsciences.org |
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Singh, Harinder & Kwang W. Jun, 1995. "Some new evidence on determinants of foreign direct investment in developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1531, The World Bank.
- John H Dunning, 1988. "The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Restatement and Some Possible Extensions," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 19(1), pages 1-31, March.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Game Description
Show no mercy and take no prisoners as you fight to the death for title of the almighty Warlord. Defend your castle from mischievous minions and ferocious fireballs spun from the mouth of a maniacal dragon in this whimsical reinvention of the beloved classic. In the ultimate battle of speed, strategy and survival, command your troops with shrewdness and skill to capture control points, collect power-ups and destroy the other warring factions!
Developer / Studio:
Griptonite Games
Release Date:
Tuesday, October 9, 2012
Game Features
- Protect the stronghold! Defend your castle walls from the destruction of fast-flying fireballs with your mighty shield. Move the shield around the perimeter of your castle with precision and speed to deflect the fireballs or grab onto and charge fireballs to release even more devastating attacks back at your opponents.
- Multiple local/online game modes sweeten the quest for power and allow for cooperative and competitive battles with up to 4 players. Select the faction of your choice and engage in a number of competitive variations, including co-op siege mode, 2v2 or classic free-for-all battles.
- Rally your Troops and pit them against your foes. Your loyal posse brings a layer of depth and replayability to every battle, and can be sent off to capture Control Points, gather Power-Ups to immobilize your enemies or bolster your defenses. Manage your Troops wisely to gain the battlefield advantage!
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Latest Game News & Updates
Warlords® © 2011 Atari Interactive, Inc. All rights reserved. Warlords® and the Warlords® logo are trademarks owned by Atari Interactive, Inc. Developed by Griptonite, Inc. Published by Atari, Inc., New York, NY. Atari and the Atari logo are trademarks owned by Atari Interactive, Inc. Uses Scaleform GFx © 2010 Scaleform Corporation. All rights reserved. FMOD Sound System, copyright © Firelight Technologies Pty, Ltd., 1994-2011. KINECT, Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox LIVE, and the Xbox logos are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies and are used under license from Microsoft. The PlayStation Network Logo is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. The ESRB rating icon is a registered trademark of the Entertainment Software Association. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.


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Fadi Benni
Born in Saida-Lebanon, in 1980,
Diploma in photography from ICS Washington D.C.
I covered the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon in 2000.
I also covered the assassination of the Prime Minister Rafic El Hariri and made a film about it called "THAT MONDAYâ€.
I covered the Hezbollah-Israely war in July 2006.ENG
Cameraman for Documentaries in Aljazeera English Channel
i covered also the revolution in Yamen and Egypt
travelled to:Korea,Iran,Spain,Moroco,Italy,Bosnia,T
Collections are a JPG+ feature. You must be a JPG+ member to create new collections and to add photos to collections.
Sign up for JPG+ to start using collections now!
Enter "Massive"!
Q: Username not found in People dropdown searchbox
A: Do you know?


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by Simon Brown
Designing software given a vague set of requirements and a blank sheet of paper is a good skill to have, although not many people get to do this on a daily basis. However, with agile methods encouraging collective ownership of the code, it's really important that everybody on the team understands the big picture. And in order to do this, you need to understand why you've arrived at the design that you have. In a nutshell, everybody on the team needs to be a software architect.
This tutorial will show you what "just enough" up front design is, how it can be applied to your software projects, and how to communicate the big picture through a collection of simple lightweight diagrams.
Join us for a mixture of presentation, discussion and deliberate practice.


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ssmonty |
Sock on tank pick-up collapsing? Slowly letting fuel seep back in when pump is off? Allowing just enough fuel to keep engine running for awhile? Try running fuel from pump into a test jar or bucket. Couldn't say about gauge. Obviously you have some kind of pressure, if only briefly, to fill fuel bowel. ssmonty |
64gto71cobra |
electric fuel pump help i have a 64 gto im running a quick fuel 125 pump and i took the car out tonight for the first time since being restomodded after driving for about 10 minutes the car died[ i was idling when it died] no fuel in the bowl pump running low [no prime] turned off the key for 10 sec turned on the pump it primed drove home same thing happen in the drive way after a 2 min drive from the first time it died .the pump is brand new the fuel tank is stock it has #6 steel braided hose from tank to carb a procomp bullit reg a jegs fuel pressure gauge that reads 0 psi even when the pump fills the carb the pump is mounted on the right rear frame rail the car runs great when the pump feeds the carb [even though the gauge reads 0] the only other problem i also had was my alt was only putting out 12.1 volts i dont think that would cause the pump to lose its prime could it be the stock tank any help would be great thank you |


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To view a copy of the official Greater Newport Area 2014 Visitors Guide, please click here or visit the Visitors' Center in downtown Newport at 325 West 4th Street, Newport, WA 99156.
Pend Oreille River Water Trail
The Pend Oreille River Water Trail covers 70 miles of the Pend Oreille River. The Water Trail begins in Oldtown, ID, then follows the river north through Pend Oreille County, in Northeastern Washington, all the way up to Boundary Dam, just one mile shy of Southeastern British Columbia, Canada. And yes, we said north - the Pend Oreille River is one of a handful of major rivers in the U.S. that flows north ... it seems that up in Pend Oreille County, even our river goes against the grain.
Explorer HDTV - The Pend Oreille River Water Trail
What is a Water Trail?
Water trails offer small boat recreationalists and paddlers the opportunity to travel a designated route along a river by providing access areas, environmental and historical points of interests, relaxing picnic stops, and overnight campsites. They educate on the environment, history, and culture of the area and promote resource stewardship. Water trails provide paddlers with relaxing outdoor recreation, fresh-air fitness, and family activities. The Pend Oreille River & Pend Oreille River Valley The Pend Oreille River is 130 miles long originating from Lake Pend Oreille in the Idaho Panhandle flowing northwesterly until it joins the Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The Pend Oreille River Valley, located in northeastern Washington, is home to abundant wildlife and offers natural, historical, cultural, and scenic points of interest including the Kalispel Indian Reservation, home to the Kalispel Tribe - the original paddlers of the Pend Oreille. In the early 1800s French-Canadian fur trappers were among the first non-indigenous people to visit the Pend Oreille River Valley. Settlers mined gold, lead, and zinc in the mid to late 1800s with logging emerging as the area's major industry. Steamboats and the railroad played important historical roles in the economic development of the Pend Oreille River Valley. |


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"It's embarrassing."
(Austin Kearns, via Washington Times, 05/02/2007)
Padres 3, NAAAts 0: NEWSFLASH -- There were some really good prospects in the Montreal system at one time. Lots of bad trades happened.
(AP Photo/Lenny Ignelzi)
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Raising Hope tosses reality out the window, and still manages to soar comedically. Read More »
Home / Tag Archives: Greg Garcia
DVD Review: Raising Hope – The Complete First Season
Raising Hope is a very funny, nontraditional family sitcom, and the first season DVD has plenty of bonus features. Read More »
DVD Review: Raising Hope: The Complete First Season
Between puke gags there are a lot of "aww moments" but Raising Hope isn't afraid to swipe at the low hanging fruit. Read More »
TV Review: Raising Hope Has Grown On Me
I don't know if Raising Hope has gotten better, but I certainly like it more. Garret Dillahunt is amazing. Read More »


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a place for zinesters - writers and readers
Hello Andrew (and everyone else). If you're thinking of publishing something between a book and a zine it might be worth looking at a one-shot zine I did called Publish and Be Published which is a how-to guide to the process I went thru putting out a novel in zine form. P and BP's out of print now but I've archived it at http://zinemonger.blogspot.com .Hope it helps.I'm thinking of publishing some books that will in reality be very thick zines so I'm want to know too!
16 members
676 members
224 members
5 members
368 members
Ist preference given to distros and zines. Rates and details are here. Limited space. Very Low Cost!
© 2017 Created by Krissy Ponyboy Press. Powered by


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Hey guys,
I'm trying to create a forum signature generator based on a certain game with certain forums.
Anyway I got this nice form set up, German and English (game is half german) and it submits three values: the username, avatar (submits a string value as one two three etc through twelve) and motto, another string.
Anyways, it submits to makesignature.php, which I have ideoned due to not wanting to append four spaces to beginning of every line.
Now there doesn't seem to be any PHP errors, however the page doesn't create an image, and there is no file saved to the specified directory.
Gosh I've been slaving over this for 4+ hours…help me not have to throw it away.
Time to flash game :P
This reply has been reported for inappropriate content.
Alright…woke up and did more debugging. 1. I wasn't passing $_POST a value. 2. I did some variable spitting and I got everything there to work but the image is still not creating.
This is the first time I've attempted to use PHP to generate images so I am completely new to the whole GD thing.
I thought so…no GD and FreeType experience people out there :(
One more bump…no one that can help me?
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Fairy Lake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the lake in Montana. For the lake in Ontario, see Fairy Lake (Huntsville).
Coordinates: 45°54′16″N 110°57′32″W / 45.9044°N 110.9588°W
Fairy Lake is a lake in Gallatin County, Montana at the base of the Sacagawea Peak, a part of the Bridger mountains in south central Montana. It is located within the northwestern section of the Gallatin National Forest and sits at an elevation of 7,557 ft (2,303 m).
External links[edit]
This Montana state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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NOTICE: I don't clean gutters and I don't clean windows.
Other than that, I'll clean everything in your house except your bathrooms, kitchen, dining room, laundry room, living room, bedrooms, closets, hallways, baseboards and stairways.
You can see why I'm in great demand, so get in the queue quickly if you want my services.


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KitSound Stereo Bluetooth Headphone
This product is not available |
Sale closed |
UK Delivery: Estimated 26th Feb - 5th Mar - we'll email you once your items have been dispatched.
Returns: Click Delivery & Returns or check your delivery confirmation.
If you are ordering multiple items, ACHICA aim to send as few deliveries as possible for your convenience – you will only pay one delivery charge.
Product Information |
No longer do you have to sacrifice music quality for wire-free sound. KitSound™ have crafted these headphones with audio sophistication and ultra comfort in mind. They have soft, padded cups that will sit gently on your ears and envelop you in a full-bodied sound.
In range for 10 metres, you can keep your bluetooth device at a safe distance and avoid tripping over any annoying cables.
Fully charged in approximately 4 hours, these wireless stereo headphones will have you up and running for about 16 hours if you are listening to music or 22.5 hours if you are talking on a mobile phone or via Skype.
Avoid using headphones with the volume turned up for an extended period of time. Doing so can damage your hearing. For your own safety, please do not use when driving or cycling
Product Code BTBEAMK
Delivery & Returns |
We hope you will be thrilled with your purchases but in the unlikely event that you want to return something, you can find full return instructions on the back of your delivery note or click here


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A Brief Blog Profile: Seacost Fitness Daly
by Thomas Hynes
Admittedly, Seacoast Fitness Daly is a local blog geared towards a specific part of the country. The blog is written by Michael Daly, hence the misspelling. And the 'seacoast' refers to Portsmouth, NH. But, even if you don't live near New Hampshire, you can still get a lot out of this blog. To that point, it may be based in this one town, but the blog certainly travels far beyond those city limits.
For instance, this post is decidedly DC-centric in the way it lists the top 10 healthiest politicians. And you know Daly has a sense of humor since he included a picture of Governor Christie of New Jersey. Plus, I really appreciate how politicians from both sides of the aisle are represented. This post outlines the health benefits of beets. I love reading this cause I always think I feel better after eating beets. Glad to see it's more than a hunch. There's science behind it!
But, probably my favorite post on Seacoast Fitness Daly is this one about how exercise should be like recess. It should be fun! We all know we should exercise because it's good for us. But, we all would exercise if we found it enjoyable. On this blog, Daly hammers this point home while at the same time giving love to his hometown.
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Generic Name: oxycodone (OX-i-KOE-done)
Brand Name: Roxicodone
Roxicodone solution is used for:
Treating moderate to severe pain. It may be used before surgery to sedate the patient and reduce fear. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Roxicodone solution is a narcotic pain reliever. It works in the brain and nervous system to reduce pain.
Do NOT use Roxicodone solution if:
- you are allergic to any ingredient in Roxicodone solution
- you have taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (eg, phenelzine) within the last 14 days
- you are taking buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, or pentazocine
- you have stomach or bowel blockage or a certain severe bowel motility problem (paralytic ileus)
- you have severely slow or difficult breathing, high blood carbon dioxide levels (hypercarbia), or severe asthma, or you are having an asthma attack
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Before using Roxicodone solution:
Some medical conditions may interact with Roxicodone solution. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
- if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
- if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
- if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
- if you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, severe rash, hives, difficulty breathing, dizziness) to any other narcotic pain medicines (eg, morphine, hydrocodone)
- if you have a history of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other lung or breathing problems
- if you have a history of recent head injury, increased pressure in the brain, growths in the brain (eg, tumors), seizures, or hypercarbia
- if you have a certain heart problem (eg, cor pulmonale), low blood pressure, liver or kidney problems, an underactive thyroid, a certain adrenal gland problem ( Addison disease), stomach or bowel problems, gallbladder problems, inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), a blockage of the bladder, an enlarged prostate, low blood oxygen (hypoxia), curvature of the spine (scoliosis), or the blood disease porphyria
- if you have a history of drug or alcohol abuse, mood or mental problems, or suicidal thoughts or behavior
- if you have poor health or nutrition, low blood volume, dehydration, severe drowsiness, or stomach pain, or you are in alcohol or other substance withdrawal
- if you are taking amiodarone, quinidine, or antidepressants
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Roxicodone solution. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
- Anticholinergics (eg, scopolamine), benzodiazepines (eg, alprazolam), cimetidine, MAOIs (eg, phenelzine), muscle relaxants (eg, cyclobenzaprine), other narcotic pain medicines (eg, morphine), phenothiazines (eg, chlorpromazine), sleep medicines (eg, zolpidem), or tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline) because the risk of side effects, such as severe drowsiness, slow or difficult breathing, confusion, severe constipation, trouble urinating, and seizures may be increased
- Azole antifungals (eg, ketoconazole), macrolide antibiotics (eg, erythromycin), or protease inhibitors (eg, ritonavir) because they may increase the risk of Roxicodone solution's side effects
- Buprenorphine, butorphanol, carbamazepine, nalbuphine, naltrexone, pentazocine, phenytoin, or rifampin because the effectiveness of Roxicodone solution may be decreased
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Roxicodone solution may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
How to use Roxicodone solution:
Use Roxicodone solution as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Take Roxicodone solution by mouth with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, take with food to reduce stomach irritation.
- Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure your dose.
- Do not suddenly stop taking Roxicodone solution if you have been taking it for more than a few weeks. You may have an increased risk of side effects. If you need to stop Roxicodone solution, your doctor will gradually lower your dose.
- Do not inject or snort Roxicodone solution. Doing any of these things can cause severe side effects (eg, trouble breathing) and death from overdose.
- If you miss a dose of Roxicodone solution and you are using it regularly, use it as soon as possible. If several hours have passed or if it is nearing time for the next dose, do not double the dose to catch up, unless advised by your health care provider. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Roxicodone solution.
Important safety information:
- Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Roxicodone solution before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.
- Roxicodone solution may cause dizziness or drowsiness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Roxicodone solution with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.
- Do not change your dose of Roxicodone solution without checking with your doctor.
- Do not drink alcohol or take any medicines that contain alcohol while you are taking Roxicodone solution. If you are unsure if any of your medicines contain alcohol, contact your pharmacist.
- Check with your doctor before you use medicines that may cause drowsiness (eg, sleep aids, muscle relaxers) while you are using Roxicodone solution; it may add to their effects. Ask your pharmacist if you have questions about which medicines may cause drowsiness.
- Roxicodone solution may cause dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting; alcohol, hot weather, exercise, or fever may increase these effects. To prevent them, sit up or stand slowly, especially in the morning. Sit or lie down at the first sign of any of these effects.
- Roxicodone solution may cause constipation. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about using a stool softener or laxative to prevent or treat constipation. It is also important to maintain a diet adequate in fiber, drink plenty of water, and exercise to prevent constipation. If you become constipated while taking Roxicodone solution, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.
- Use Roxicodone solution with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially breathing problems.
- Roxicodone solution should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.
- PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Roxicodone solution while you are pregnant. Taking Roxicodone solution for a long time during pregnancy may lead to withdrawal in the newborn baby. This can be life-threatening. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor. Roxicodone solution is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Roxicodone solution.
When used for long periods of time or at high doses, Roxicodone solution may not work as well and may require higher doses to obtain the same effect as when originally taken. This is known as TOLERANCE. Talk with your doctor if Roxicodone solution stops working well. Do not take more than prescribed.
Some people who use Roxicodone solution for a long time may develop a need to continue taking it. People who take high doses are also at risk. This is known as DEPENDENCE or addiction. If you suddenly stop taking Roxicodone solution, you may experience WITHDRAWAL symptoms including anxiety; diarrhea; fever, runny nose, or sneezing; goose bumps and abnormal skin sensations; nausea; vomiting; pain; rigid muscles; rapid heartbeat; seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there; shivering or tremors; sweating; and trouble sleeping.
Possible side effects of Roxicodone solution:
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:Constipation; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; nausea; sleeplessness; vomiting; weakness.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); chest pain; confusion; difficult or painful urination; fainting; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; fever, chills, or persistent sore throat; mental or mood changes; numbness of an arm or leg; seizures; severe or persistent dizziness or light-headedness; slowed or difficult breathing; sudden, severe headache or vomiting; swelling of the hands, ankles, or feet; tremor; unusual tiredness or weakness; vision changes.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
If OVERDOSE is suspected:
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.
Proper storage of Roxicodone solution:Store Roxicodone solution at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from light, heat, and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Roxicodone solution out of the reach of children and away from pets.
General information:
- If you have any questions about Roxicodone solution, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
- Roxicodone solution is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
- If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.
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text:
A UTI is a bacterial infection of the urinary tract, which is normally sterile. The most common bug to cause a UTI is Escherichia coli (E. coli), a bacteria that normally lives in the bowel. A variety of things can cause this bowel bacteria to climb up the urethra (the tube from the bladder to the outside world where you pee from). If E. coli or other bowel bacteria gets into your bladder, it can grow and wreak havoc.
I get UTIs all the time. Why does that happen?
Most people get UTIs rarely, if at all. Most often, UTIs are precipitated by bouts of frequent intercourse (we docs call it honeymoon cystitis.) If you get UTIs frequently, something else might be awry. See your doctor to make sure there's no anatomical defect or health condition that predisposes you to UTIs, such congenital defects in the urinary tract or diabetes. If that's ruled out, it may be that your sex life is the culprit. Certain sexual positions and behaviors can increase the risk of bacteria from the bowel making its way into the urinary tract. Do you notice that you only get UTIs when you're in a relationship and having sex frequently? Do certain positions always result in UTIs? If so, you may want to take preventative measures to keep you from running to the potty all the time.


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Diana De Rose (spelled Di Rose on the album and De Rose on "Flower Town") - lead vocals, acoustic guitar
John Noreen - lead 12-string guitar, vocals
James Groshong - lead vocals, guitar
William Fleming - bass
Bruce Bowdin (spelled Boudin on the album) - drums
Sunshine pop was a distinctive Southern California musical style popular from 1966 to 1968, with a 1970 Beach Boys album, Sunflower, tossed in for good measure. A sweetened, smiley-faced offshoot of Los Angeles folk rock, sunshine pop was characterized by cheerful lyrics, jangling 12-string guitars and shiny vocal harmonies. Among the genre's artists were the Mamas & the Papas, Yellow Balloon, the Parade, the Peanut Butter Conspiracy, the Sunshine Company, the Giant Sunflower, and the Rose Garden, who for a time toured as stand-ins for the Giant Sunflower (which, like many of these groups, didn't exist outside the studio). The Rose Garden were, in many ways, the most interesting of the sunshine pop groups, and their only hit, a cloudy-and-overcast ballad called "Next Plane to London," remains a favorite today on oldies radio.
The Rose Garden story begins in Los Angeles in 1964, when teenage guitarists John Noreen and Jim Groshong got together with drummer Bruce Bowdin and bass player Bill Fleming to form a group called the Blokes, in hopes of capitalizing on the popularity of the Beatles and other British rock bands. But in 1965 they changed their musical allegiance to L.A.'s burgeoning folk-rock revolution led by the Byrds. In fact, the Blokes practically became a Byrds tribute band. "The 12-string really is as much a part of that [folk rock] sound as the songs themselves are," says Noreen, an accomplished 12-string guitar player. "We used to learn Byrd songs right down to the very kick drum patterns. I learned [Roger] McGuinn's parts verbatim. We even learned '8 Miles High,' which no other band I ever heard of would even dare take on. We played it everywhere we had a gig."
In late 1966 or early '67, singer Diana De Rose joined the group. Though she claimed to be a native of Blackpool, England, De Rose had actually come from Parkersburg, West Virginia, an Ohio River factory town where she'd graduated from high school in 1964 and sung in local clubs. With dark eyes, flaming red lips and wide-hips draped in short black dresses, she had been Parkersburg's answer to Joan Baez until she left town in 1966 and headed west.
Diana De Rose
Parkersburg High School
1964 The Suns of Thunder - Diana De Rose, Lillian Sams and John Swales - in 1964. Noreen recalls, "She met Jim somewhere in Hollywood and wanted him to join her band or start a [new] band. But Jim wanted to stay where he was, and we did need another vocalist, so we all thought it would be best if she came to our band."
De Rose brought along a friend named David Hanson, who arranged for the group to record a couple of demos at a Hollywood studio. Noreen doesn't remember what the songs were, but says that Hanson put the tapes into the hands of Charlie Greene and Brian Stone, two young record hustlers who were already legends around Los Angeles. Engineer Stan Ross, who owned Hollywood's fabled Gold Star Recording Studio, remembers them as "big promoters and shuck artists who liked to call themselves producers." Having breezed into town from New York City a few years earlier, Greene & Stone had climbed over the fence at Universal Studios, moved into an empty office and acted like they belonged there. The ruse worked for a few weeks until they tried to use the secretarial pool, whereupon the studio guards escorted them to the front gates. By then, Greene & Stone had begun managing Sonny & Cher and, through their publishing contacts in New York, convinced Atco Records, an Atlantic Records subsidiary, to sign the husband-and-wife duo. A couple of Sonny & Cher hits later, Greene & Stone became Atco's de facto west coast A&R men.
The two hotshots immediately got the Blokes their first major gig - but not as the Blokes. Thanks to the Mamas and the Papas, sunflower pop was the hottest thing in Los Angeles, and several knock-off groups copping their happy-harmony style were getting heavy airplay on KFWB and other top stations around town. In early 1967 an A&M Records studio group billed as the Parade had a national hit called "Sunshine Girl," which in turn inspired two local musicians, Pat Vegas and Val Garay, to write a song called "February Sunshine" and record it with professional musicians for their own one-off Take 6 label. They named their non-existent aggregation the Giant Sunflower. The recording was immediately snapped up by Lou Adler's Ode label, an A&M subsidiary, and might have done very well if Ode hadn't released it at the same time as Scott McKenzie's sunny "San Francisco," which absorbed the company's promotional energies on its way into the Top 5. Still, "February Sunshine" became popular enough around Los Angeles to bubble under Billboard's Top 100. "With all the airplay it was getting, they needed a band to go with the record," says Noreen, "so we became the Giant Sunflower for a few weeks."
Greene & Stone also took the Blokes into Gold Star to cut a cover version of "February Sunshine." The group duplicated the original guitar and vocal arrangements, but created a much cleaner, more immediate sound. The other song they recorded that day was "Flower Town" - but more on that later. While they were in the studio, Greene announced that the group needed a more up-to-date name. A year earlier, when he and Stone signed a fledgling folk rock group called the Herd, Greene had renamed them the Buffalo Springfield on the spot, reportedly after seeing the name logoed on a piece of heavy machinery rolling by. This time Greene had to look no further for inspiration than the striking looking Diana De Rose. "We were looking for a good name," says Noreen. "Everything was 'flower power' at that time, so the Rose Garden made sense."
Greene & Stone immediately signed the group to Atco and began giving them demos of whatever songs they could get hold of, saying, "Here, work on these, let's see what they sound like." Their first source of material was "February Sunshine" writer Pat Vegas, né Vasquez, a Mexican-American Yaqui Indian session guitarist best known for his work with the Marketts of "Out of Limits" fame. Vegas contributed two more songs: "I'm Only Second" (which De Rose sang solo) and a Byrds-like "Coins of Fun" (featuring Groshong and De Rose in a tantalizing duet that hinted at greater possibilities had the band been more cohesive).
One of the Byrds' principal songwriters, Gene Clark, who had recently left that group, also contributed two numbers: "Till Today" and "Long Time." Noreen remembers Clark fondly. "He sat in with us once at the Ash Grove and we did a bunch of Byrd songs together. He later laughed and said, 'Hey, you guys do the Byrds better than the Byrds do the Byrds.' Well, I don't know about that, but it sure made us feel pretty good. At one point Gene Clark wanted to manage us and get us some sort of deal. But he eventually figured it was going to take too much of his time, so he decided not to do that."
Noreen says Clark personally delivered "Till Today" to the group. "He came over to my house, where we usually rehearsed. We all sat around while he taught it to us. He also came in the studio while we were recording the album to help us out any way he could. He was a great guy." Not long before his 1991 death, Clark told writer Domenic Priore that he'd originally written the two songs for his second Columbia solo album, but when the label suddenly dumped him and killed the project, he gave them to the Rose Garden. Neither one, unfortunately, was as good as his Byrds material.
As an album project began to coalesce from their demos, the group also copied the Byrds' habit of featuring a Bob Dylan tune on their early LPs. Groshong sang "She Belongs to Me" from Dylan's Bringing It All Back Home album, the source of the Byrds' biggest hit, "Mr. Tambourine Man." Another song they recorded was the Pozo Seco Singers' "Look What You've Done," which had been a Top 40 hit earlier in the year.
Still, nothing they were doing looked very promising until Greene & Stone's promotion man, Pat Pipolo, put them in touch with his cousin, a songwriter named Kenny Gist, Jr., who happened to be working on something new and quirky that bore no resemblance to a sunshine pop song. "That's how we got [Gist's] "Next Plane to London," says Noreen.
They went into Nashville West Studios on Melrose Avenue in Hollywood and recorded the song on such short notice that Noreen was unable to come up with a good guitar solo. Either Greene or Stone solved the problem with an on-the-spot decision that gave the song its most unique element: an "airport voice" announcing the plane's departure at gate 5. "Don Elliot was the program director for KBLA, which was near the studio," Noreen says. "So someone called him to do [the voice]. We were not real thrilled with this, but G&S wanted it to stay, so it stayed. By the time I had a guitar part ready it was too late." The moment Greene & Stone got their hands on a test pressing of "Next Plane to London," they took it directly to Elliot - and the single instantly went on the air.
Don Elliot remembers the day fondly. "I knew Charlie Underwood, the engineer at Nashville West, so I was just hanging out at the session when they asked me to be the airport announcer. Apparently Greene and Stone had originally wanted Sam Riddle, who was a boss jock next door at KHJ, but he wasn't available, so I did it instead. I wrote something quickly on a napkin. They were working on an old 4-track reel-to-reel tape recorder, so they had a track left over for me. The reverb in the studio wasn't working, so I suggested they hang the Tele—the Neumann/Telefunken—microphone in the men's room of the studio to get the reverb effect naturally. Charlie went for it, and the rest is history. I'm pretty sure we [played] it first on KBLA, which was one of the early FM rock stations. The first guy to play it was our morning deejay, Charlie Tuna."
For the flipside Greene & Stone picked "Flower Town," recorded at the "February Sunshine" session. The song - one of those "Where Have All the Flowers Gone"-style anti-war sing-alongs - was credited on the 45 to all five members of the group, even though it was a remake of Derroll Adams' "Portland Town," which Joan Baez had recorded in the early 1960s. The only lyric change was from "Portland" to "flower." The song's publisher on the 45 was Kim Fowley, who today remembers meeting the Rose Garden only once, when they showed up unannounced at his popular studio and rehearsal hall on LaCienega Boulevard, "looking like a [Club] Gazzarri's version of Gracie Slick fronting the Byrds," and played him a few things. "They had a good sound but no songs," says Fowley. "Nothing with a good hook. So I played them a song I wrote called 'Flower Town.' They jammed on it all afternoon, and I never saw them again."
A few months later Fowley was riding into Los Angeles from a music festival when he heard "Flower Town" playing on the radio and exclaimed, "That's my song!" When he tracked down the single, he was shocked to find that he wasn't listed as a songwriter. "I got on the phone to [music publisher] Aaron Schroeder. That's why I'm listed as one of the songwriters on the album." When asked about Derroll Adams' earlier "Portland Town," Fowley's response was, "Derroll who?" He says the song was simply an "air" - folk music that's "just around, and nobody knows where it comes from," and he's still miffed 35 years later that he never made a dime from it. Noreen, who remembers Fowley giving them "Flower Town," claims, "If it'll make Kim feel better, we never saw any money from it either."
Left to right: Jim, Diana, Bruce, Bill and John perform on TV. Diana and Bill Diana Bruce and Diana John Diana Diana Left to right: Jim, Bruce, Diana, Bill and John. Diana, Bill and John "Next Plane to London," featuring De Rose backed by Groshong and Noreen's tight harmonies, is a lament about a frustrated singer ready to leave Los Angeles in search of greener pastures in England, even though it means leaving her boyfriend behind. "Maybe over there I can be a star," she hopes. The record entered Billboard's Hot 100 at #91 on October 21, 1967 and topped out at #17 two months later, on December 30, which happened to be the day they lip-synched both "Next Plane to London" and "Flower Town" on American Bandstand. (During her interview with Dick Clark, De Rose - looking like Cher's bad-girl sister and sounding like a Parkersburg barmaid - maintained her British ruse despite Clark's pointed comment that she'd lost her accent.) Songwriter Kenny Gist, recording under the name Kenny O'Dell, followed "Next Plane to London" into the Top 40 with his own sunshine pop-flavored single, "Beautiful People."
When asked about the Rose Garden's take on his song in late 1967, O'Dell told KRLA's Beat magazine (January 13, 1968), "I like their recording of it, and I'm glad that it's so successful. But, interestingly, it's quite different from the way I recorded it, the sound I had in mind." O'Dell, who had originally written the song for himself, was looking for something a little gentler.
Billboard ad, November 25, 1967.
Left to right:
Bruce Bowdin, Diana De Rose,
Jim Groshong, Bill Fleming
and John Noreen. Record World ad, September 2, 1967. The Rose Garden went on the road with several package tours around the South and Southwest, playing with Neil Diamond, Glen Campbell, Canned Heat, the Stone Poneys (with lead singer Linda Ronstadt), Chuck Berry and Little Richard. Meanwhile, Atco released their 10-song LP, The Rose Garden, in both mono and stereo versions. By 1967 standards it was an uneven album, despite some very good performances. Greene & Stone had merely compiled a group of demos of outside songs, without any theme in mind. A further problem, commercially, was that the group's Byrds vibe was passé. Also, casual buyers looking for the distinctive sound of the hit single were probably disappointed because De Rose's husky alto was featured on only half the songs.
The group's split personality became especially evident on the Rose Garden's follow-up single, recorded at Gold Star in January 1968 after they came off their tour. Though the label on both sides touted "Featuring Diana De Rose," she sang only on the A-side, "If My World Falls Through," another Kenny Gist Jr. song, but this time written under his Kenny O'Dell persona. The sole voice on "Here's Today," Noreen's B-side homage to both George Harrison and the Byrds, was Groshong's.
"There is also a version of 'If My World Falls Through' with Jim singing lead," Noreen recalls, but it was never released. "That's why Diana's voice sounds so low, because we recorded it in Jim's key. He was supposed to do the song. As I recall, Diana never even showed up for most of the rehearsals for those two songs, so we proceeded as if she was not going to be on them. We were done with the song when she came in and put a vocal on it. And at that point there was a lot of discussion about it. I was pissed because she wasn't even involved in the song hardly at all in putting it together or anything else except a background vocal. In she comes, hanging on [Atco president] Ahmet Ertegun. That was the end of our objections. That was also the beginning of the end for me. I didn't like the politics."
But Diana De Rose Cross recently said she remembers those days a little differently. "I never missed any rehearsals...I guess John was a little off in his recollection," she said in early 2005. "And I only met Ahmet once, when Charlie [Greene] brought him to a recording session. I don't think I would have waltzed in on his arm when I hardly knew him."
The Rose Garden's heavy touring had made them "a lot tighter," says Noreen. "I think at that time we were just starting to find our groove." But internal pressures - "I felt that the band was watching out for the band and Diana was watching out for Diana" - were causing problems. "We got great reviews in all the record mags, all of them predicting great success for the second single. But I think the girl-versus-the-guys thing was wearing thin on [Atco]. Also about that time, Jim and Bruce were starting to get hassled by the draft board. So maybe the powers-that-be saw the writing on the wall. We were still functioning, but between the fighting and Jim and Bruce about to be drafted, I lost it and my health suffered. Somewhere around May or April I left the band. They got a sub for me but I never came back, and soon Jim and Bruce were off to the service anyway. So that was the end of that." Greene & Stone by now had moved on to a new group, the Iron Butterfly.
The Rose Garden today.
Left to right:
Bowdin, Fleming, Groshong and Noreen.These days the four original group members remain in touch and have been talking about a Rose Garden reunion. Noreen, who toured extensively as a steel guitarist with Highway 101 in the 1980s, works as a computer tech for his wife's Nashville real estate business, and as a session guitarist on the side. Groshong owns a construction company in the San Fernando Valley, Fleming is a retired Los Angeles police officer living in Orange County, and Bowdin is a buyer with the Dallas, Texas, transit system. De Rose briefly replaced lead vocalist Gayle McCormick in A Group Called Smith (known for their 1969 hit, "Baby, It's You"), but eventually left music altogether because life on the road had become too "stressful and draining." She earned a degree in computer programing and worked as a graphic artist for Hughes Aircraft in the 1970s. She later married a doctor from San Antonio, Texas, where she lives today. Kenny Gist moved to Nashville in 1969, wrote a slew of songs (including Charlie Rich's 1973 No. 1 country smash, "Behind Closed Doors") and successfully revived his Kenny O'Dell persona for the country charts. Pat Vegas and his brother Lolly founded Redbone, a 1970s rock band best known for their Top 5 hit, "Come and Get Your Love." Gene Clark died in 1991. Greene & Stone returned to New York City and eventually abandoned the music business.
The Rose Garden album was reissued on CD in 2003, but neither their second single nor any of the half dozen unreleased tracks Noreen remembers recording, including a theme song for a proposed TV show called Groovy, were added. "Some of [the songs] were unfinished and I don't even remember what they were, but I remember some had horns and other instruments on them."
Looking back today, Noreen wishes he had done things differently. "Our sound was evolving till we broke up. We were always concerned with arrangements and vocals and spent a lot of time on each. We always wanted more vocal parts and we probably would've hired another vocalist if we had kept going. Now, I would have stayed and fought for what I believed in." But despite the group's heartaches and lost opportunities, he holds no grudges. "We were all young and had a lot to learn."
Thanks to John Noreen, Diana De Rose Cross, Paul LaPann, Kim Fowley, Domenic Priore, Vernon Joynson and Don Elliot for their help.
An abridged version of this article ran in the November 25, 2005, issue of Goldmine.
Singles | ||
Atco 6510 |
"Next Plane To London"/"Flower Town" | 1967 |
Atco 6510 (white promo copy) |
"Next Plane To London"/"Flower Town" | 1967 |
Atco 6564 | "If My World Falls Through"/"Here's Today" | 1968 |
Atco 6564 (white promo copy) |
"If My World Falls Through"/"Here's Today" | 1968 |
Atlantic H 251 (Spain) |
"Next Plane To London"/"Flower Town" | 1967 |
Atlantic AK-2045 (New Zealand/Australia) |
"Next Plane To London"/"Flower Town" | 1967 |
Atlantic 584163 (United Kingdom) |
"Next Plane to London"/"Flower Town" | 1967 |
Atco 58 (France) |
"Flower Town"/"Next Plane to London" | 1967 |
Atlantic Oldies OS 13113 | "Next Plane to London"/(not on flipside) | 1980s |
Atco EP-C-4522 | The Rose Garden (For Disc Jockeys Only) (mono) (Contains "Rider," "Long Time," "February Sunshine" and "I'm Only Second." Promo only; never formally released.) |
1968 |
Album | ||
Atco 33-255* | The Rose Garden (mono) | 1968 |
Atco SD33-255* | The Rose Garden (stereo) | 1968 |
Bell Song SWL-1132 (Japan) |
The Rose Garden (stereo) | 1968 |
Atlantic 932807 | The Rose Garden (stereo) | 1968 |
Atco F-45-33225 (4-track tape cartridge) |
The Rose Garden (stereo) | 1968 |
Collectors Choice 359-2* | The Rose Garden (stereo) | 2003 |
*The 10 songs on the album/CD are "Next Plane to London" (Kenny Gist, Jr), "I'm Only Second" (Pat Vegas-Charles W. Higgins), "February Sunshine" (Pat Vegas-Val Geary), "Coins of Fun" (Pat Vegas-Leonard A. Metzger), "Rider" (Traditional, arranged by Diana Di Rose [sic],-Bruce Bowdin-John Noreen-James Groshong-William Fleming), "She Belongs to Me" (Bob Dylan), "Flower Town" (Di Rose-Bowdin-Noreen-Groshong-Fleming), "Till Today" (Gene Clark), "Look What You've Done" (Bob Johnston-Wes Farrell), "Long Time" (Gene Clark).
The group's December 30, 1967, appearance on American Bandstand, lip-synching with "Next Plane to London" and "Flower Town," is available from various sources. |
New Zealand/Australia single | The Atlantic New Zealand/Australia LP, with added pink |
Oldies reissue | Red vinyl Japanese album |
Promo album | British single |
French picture sleeve | For the single's French release, "Flower Town" was the A-side. |
American Atco C-4522 EP picture sleeve (DJ copy, never commercially released) |
EP (DJ copy) |
The Rose Garden - "Next Plane To London" [YouTube]
Kenny O'Dell - "Next Plane To London" [YouTube]
© Copyright 2003-2011 Jim Dawson. All Rights Reserved.
Site design © Copyright 2003-2011 Earl P. Reinhalter. All Rights Reserved.
Webmaster's site: ElectricEarl.com


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Brutal Offense (3.5e Feat)
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Date Created: | August 1, 2009 |
Status: | Complete |
Editing: | Please Discuss before Editting. |
Balance: | Wizard |
Brutal Offense [Combat]
Your attacks are dreaded by your enemies, and rightfully so. {{#set:Summary=Your attacks are dreaded by your enemies, and rightfully so. }}
Benefits: This is a combat feat that scales with your Base Attack Bonus.
- +0: When you charge, you gain the ability to move a total ×3 your base land speed instead of only ×2.
- +1: You may ignore any kind of bonus to AC granted by the combat expertise option.
- +6: You gain extra damage equal to half your Strength modifier (rounded up) to all melee attacks.
- +11: Any melee attack you make ignores hardness and DR.
- +16: You have the Edge against anyone who has the Edge on you.{{#set:Type=Combat}}{{#set:Prerequisite=None}}
Back to Main Page → 3.5e Homebrew → Character Options → Feats
Back to Main Page → 3.5e Homebrew → Tome Material → Combat Feats


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Charles Donahue
Charles Donahue
Paul A. Freund Professor of Law
After graduating from Portsmouth Priory (now Abbey) School in Rhode Island, where I had the benefit of a thoroughly old-fashioned classical education, I attended Harvard College and concentrated in Classics and English. From Harvard, I went to the Yale Law School, which allowed me to spend virtually all of my third year in the Graduate School. I worked with two extraordinary legal historians, W. H. Dunham in English legal and constitutional history and Stephan Kuttner in the history of medieval canon law. A military obligation took me to Washington, where I worked for two years as an attorney-advisor in the office of the General Counsel of the Air Force and for a year as Assistant General Counsel of the President's Commission on Postal Organization. The completion of the military obligation brought me to a crossroads, and after thinking seriously about staying in Washington in private practice, I joined the faculty of the University of Michigan Law School, with the intention, since fulfilled, of becoming a legal historian. I visited at the Harvard Law School 1978–9 and joined the faculty full-time in January of 1980.
My interests range broadly over the field of private law, but history and property seem to go together, and I have taught first-year property now for more than forty years. Other than that, my teaching and research have been in the area of European legal history. I regularly offer courses in Roman law, English legal history and Continental legal history. I have published an obscenely long book on marriage litigation in the ecclesiastical courts of England and what I had to call the "Franco-Belgian" region in the later Middle Ages, and am now working on the fourteenth-century volume of the new Oxford History of the Laws of England. In addition to law students, I am also interested in teaching legal history to undergraduate and graduate students. My basic legal history courses are cross-listed in the College, and I offer a seminar on medieval law in the History Department. I serve on the Committee on Medieval Studies of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and on the University Committee on Religion. Outside of Harvard, I am a past president of the American Society for Legal History, a fellow of the Medieval Academy of America and of the Royal Historical Society (UK), and a life member of the American Law Institute. My research interests take me Europe virtually every summer and sometimes during the academic year as well. In the past, I have held visiting appointments at the London School of Economics and the Vrije Universiteit te Brussel.
I will be on sabbatical leave during the academic year 2013–2014.
Areas of Interest
- Legal History
- Property
Academic Appointment and Employment History
- Assistant Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School (1968 - 1971)
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States - Associate Professor of Law (with tenure), University of Michigan Law School (1971 - 1973)
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States - Academic Visitor, Law Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (1972 - 1973)
London, United Kingdom - Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School (1973 - 1979)
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States - Visiting Professor of Law, Vrije Universiteit te Brussel (1975 - 1975)
Brussels, Belgium - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University School of Law (1976 - 1976)
New York, New York, United States - Visiting Professor of Law, University of California School of Law (Boalt Hall) (1976 - 1976)
Berkeley, California, United States - Visiting Professor of Law, Harvard Law School (1978 - 1979)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States - Professor of Law, Harvard Law School (1980 - Present)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States - Visiting Professor of Law, Boston College Law School (1987 - 1987)
Newton, Massachusetts, United States - Visiting Professor of Law, Cornell University Law School (1996 - 1996)
Ithaca, New York, United States - Visiting Professor of Law, Boston College School of Law (2005 - 2005)
Newton, Massachusetts, United States
Board Memberships
- Vice-President and Literary Director, Ames Foundation (1989 - Present)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States - Councilor and Honorary Treasurer for the U.S.A., Selden Society (UK) (1991 - Present)
London, United Kingdom
Education History
- LL.B. Yale Law School, 1965
- A.B. Classics and English Harvard College, 1962
Honors and Awards
- Fellow Royal Historical Society (UK) (Professional Honors)
January 1986 - Docteur honoris causa (Professional Honors)
University of Paris II (Panthéon-Assas), January 2010 - Fellow Medieval Academy of America (Professional Honors)
April 2012 - Honorary Member Harvard Phi Beta Kappa Chapter (Professional Honors)
May 2012
Current Courses
- Legal History: English Legal History, Spring 2017
- Property 2, Spring 2017


text:
Expert Reviewed
wikiHow to Read a Land Survey
Two Parts:Understanding the Survey ProcessUsing the Public Land Survey SystemCommunity Q&A
Buying property may be the biggest financial decision a homeowner or business owner will ever make. It's critical that both the buyer and the seller understand exactly what is being sold. You can gain that understanding by reading a land survey for the property. To read the survey accurately, you need to know how land surveys are created. You also need to know what the symbols on the survey represent, and what scale is used.
Part 1
Understanding the Survey Process
1Decide if you need a land survey. A land survey can be expensive. You need an experienced surveyor to complete the work. Make sure you're clear about the need for a survey.[1]
- A land survey is a certification of a piece of land's exact location. The survey identifies the boundaries of the property.
- If you're buying or selling property, you need a land survey. The survey identifies the exact boundaries of the property in the transaction.
- A survey is also helpful if you're building a fence near the edge of your property. If you're involved in a property dispute with a neighbor, a survey can help you identify accurate property lines.
2Go over the components of the Public Land Survey System (PLSS). The PLSS is a grid system used by land surveyors to provide an exact location of a piece of property. If you understand the grid system, you'll know where your land is located.[2]
- The grid was created using two sets of lines. The principal meridian is a set of north and south lines. East and west lines are called baselines. Your property will have a specific location based on the number and position of these lines.
- The grid is segregated into squares that are 24 miles on each side. A square is then subdivided into townships. A township is 6 miles on each side.
- Once the grid is separated into townships, it can be further divided into sections that are one square mile. The square mile sections are divided into quarters. If needed, the grid system can use grids that are smaller than one quarter.
3Review your map's scale and the legend provided. Your survey will display information based on a scale. A survey's legend is typically presented on the right hand side of the survey, or along the bottom of the document.[3]
- A map's scale connects the distances listed on a map to their actual size. For example, your survey may state that every inch on the survey equals 20 yards. You need to understand this relationship to confirm the size of your property.
- A legend is a listing of the symbols on the survey and what they mean. For example, a small circle on the survey might refer to a manhole cover.
- The Bureau of Land Management has a standard set of symbols that are used on surveys. Your survey, however, may include additional symbols, or symbols that are defined differently.
Part 2
Using the Public Land Survey System
1Read the principal meridians and base lines. A PLSS map of the United States will show a grid of these intersecting lines. Though not exact lines of longitude and latitude, the system is based off thirty-seven north-south lines of principal meridian and their perpendicular east-west base lines.[4]
- Longitude and latitude are precise measurements used for navigation. Land surveys use a different system to determine the location of land.[5]
- The lines of principal meridian were often chosen arbitrarily rather than at equal intervals. When the system was created, it was not possible to coordinate all of the distances precisely.
- Keep in mind that the distance between one pair of lines may be different than another pair. This impacts the location of your property.[6]
2Use notations to find the township. Based on the starting point of the survey, you can find a specific township based on the notation provided. You'll need to understand the numbers and letters that indicate the position of a township.[7]
- The notation will look this: T32N, R18E. This notation refers to the 32nd township (T32) north of the starting point and the 18th range (R18) east of the starting point.
- Range simply means a vertical column of townships.[8]
- To find the correct township, you simply count the rows up and columns over from the starting point.[9]
3Find the section. Each township is divided into thirty-six equal sections, each comprising one square mile or 640 acres. Each section of the township is numbered starting in the top right corner going right to left before dropping to the next row down and going left to right—then right to left again in the third row, etc.[10]
- The numbering system can be confusing. To understand it, consider that the right-most column of sections in a township numbered in descending order would be: 1, 12, 13, 24, 25, and 36.
- Locate the quarter section. To further subdivide parcels of land, each one square mile section is divided into quarter section.
- Find the quarter-quarter section. To subdivide the spaces even further, each quarter section can similarly be divided into quarter-quarter sections.
- To understand why you might need these details, assume that you are considering buying land in another state. You're not familiar with the region. To educate yourself, you first use the PLSS map to pin down the precise location of the land. Once you know the exact location, you decide to visit the property. You then use the scale and legend details to inspect the land in person.
Community Q&A
What does F.I.R. mean?wikiHow ContributorF.I.R. - Found Iron Rod.
What does POB mean on a survey?wikiHow ContributorPoint Of Beginning. Usually this is at the end of the description to describe that the last "property line" goes back to the POB.
What does it mean if my property map has an area marked "reserved?"
How can I find the survey of my property?
What does it mean "19' clear " on a land survey?
How do I read degrees on a land survey?
Is the first quarter section located at upper right of a section?
Sources and Citations
- ↑ http://porch.com/advice/hire-surveyor-diy/
- ↑ http://nationalmap.gov/small_scale/a_plss.html
- ↑ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/legend
- ↑ http://nationalmap.gov/small_scale/a_plss.html#three
- ↑ https://www.maptools.com/tutorials/lat_lon/definitions
- ↑ http://www.blm.gov/cadastral/meridians/pmmap.jpg
- ↑ http://nationalmap.gov/small_scale/a_plss.html
- ↑ http://nationalmap.gov/small_scale/a_plss.html
- ↑ http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/forestmanagement/documents/plsstutorial.pdf
- ↑ http://geology.isu.edu/geostac/Field_Exercise/topomaps/plss.htm
Article Info
Categories: Real Estate | Buying Property
In other languages:
Русский: научиться понимать топографическую съемку, Français: lire un plan d'arpentage
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text:
Battle of the Java Sea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Learn how and when to remove this template message) (April 2010) ( |
Coordinates: 5°0′S 111°0′E / 5.000°S 111.000°E
Battle of the Java Sea | |||||||
Part of World War II, Pacific War | |||||||
Bombs from a Japanese aircraft falling near the Dutch light cruiser Java in the Gaspar Strait east of Sumatra, Dutch East Indies, on 15 February 1942. |
Belligerents | |||||||
Netherlands United States United Kingdom Australia |
Empire of Japan | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Karel Doorman †[1] | Takeo Takagi[2] | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
2 heavy cruisers 3 light cruisers 9 destroyers |
2 heavy cruisers 2 light cruisers 14 destroyers 10 transports |
Casualties and losses | |||||||
2 light cruisers sunk 3 destroyers sunk 1 heavy cruiser damaged 2,300 sailors killed |
1 destroyer damaged 36 sailors killed |
The Battle of the Java Sea was a decisive[3] naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II.
Allied navies suffered a disastrous defeat at the hand of the Imperial Japanese Navy, on 27 February 1942, and in secondary actions over successive days. The American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM) Strike Force commander— Dutch Rear-Admiral Karel Doorman—was killed. The aftermath of the battle included several smaller actions around Java, including the smaller but also significant Battle of Sunda Strait. These defeats led to Japanese occupation of the entire Netherlands East Indies.
At the time, the battle was the largest surface ship engagement since the Battle of Jutland in 1916.[4]
The Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies progressed at a rapid pace as they advanced from their Palau Islands colony and captured bases in Sarawak and the southern Philippines.[5] They seized bases in eastern Borneo[6][7] and in northern Celebes[8] while troop convoys, screened by destroyers and cruisers with air support provided by swarms of fighters operating from captured bases, steamed southward through the Makassar Strait and into the Molucca Sea. To oppose these invading forces was a small force, consisting of Dutch, American, British & Australian warships—many of them of World War I vintage—initially under the command of Admiral Thomas C. Hart.[9]
On 23 January 1942, a force of four American destroyers attacked a Japanese invasion convoy in Makassar Strait as it approached Balikpapan in Borneo.[10] On 13 February, the Allies fought unsuccessfully—in the Battle of Palembang—to prevent the Japanese from capturing the major oil port in eastern Sumatra.[11] On the night of 19/20 February, an Allied force attacked the Eastern Invasion Force off Bali in the Battle of Badung Strait.[12] Also on 19 February, the Japanese made two air raids on Darwin, on the Australia mainland, one from carrier based planes and the other by land based planes.[13] The destruction of Darwin rendered it useless as a supply and naval base to support operations in the East Indies.
Shortly before the battle commenced, the odds were not good for the Allied forces. They lacked cohesion (ships came from four separate navies) and were demoralized by constant air attacks and a general sentiment that the Japanese were unbeatable. In addition, the coordination between Allied navies and air forces was poor.
The Japanese amphibious forces gathered to strike at Java, and on 27 February 1942, the main Allied naval force, under Doorman, sailed northeast from Surabaya to intercept a convoy of the Eastern Invasion Force approaching from the Makassar Strait. The Eastern Strike Force, as it was known,[14] consisted of two heavy cruisers (HMS Exeter and USS Houston), three light cruisers (Doorman's flagship HNLMS De Ruyter, HNLMS Java, HMAS Perth), and nine destroyers (HMS Electra, HMS Encounter, HMS Jupiter, HNLMS Kortenaer, HNLMS Witte de With, USS Alden, USS John D. Edwards, USS John D. Ford, and USS Paul Jones).
The Japanese task force protecting the convoy, commanded by Rear-Admiral Takeo Takagi,[15] consisted of two heavy (Nachi and Haguro) and two light cruisers (Naka and Jintsū) and 14 destroyers (Yūdachi, Samidare, Murasame, Harusame, Minegumo, Asagumo, Yukikaze, Tokitsukaze, Amatsukaze, Hatsukaze, Yamakaze, Kawakaze, Sazanami, and Ushio) including the 4th Destroyer Squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Shoji Nishimura.[16] The Japanese heavy cruisers were much more powerful, armed with ten 8-inch (203 mm) guns each, and superb torpedoes. By comparison, Exeter was armed only with six 8-inch guns and only six of Houston's nine 8-inch guns remained operable after her aft turret had been knocked out in an earlier air attack.
The Allied force engaged the Japanese in the Java Sea, and the battle raged intermittently from mid-afternoon to midnight as the Allies tried to reach and attack the troop transports of the Java invasion fleet, but they were repulsed by superior firepower. The Allies had local air superiority during the daylight hours, because Japanese air power could not reach the fleet in the bad weather. The weather also hindered communications, making cooperation between the many Allied parties involved—in reconnaissance, air cover and fleet headquarters—even worse than it already was. The Japanese also jammed the radio frequencies. Exeter was the only ship in the battle equipped with radar, an emerging technology at the time.
The battle consisted of a series of attempts over a seven-hour period by Doorman's Combined Striking Force to reach and attack the invasion convoy; each was rebuffed by the escort force with heavy losses being inflicted on the Allies.
The fleets sighted each other at about 16:00 on 27 February and closed to firing range, opening fire at 16:16. Both sides exhibited poor gunnery and torpedo skills during this phase of the battle. Despite her recent refit (with the addition of modern Type 284 gunnery control radar), Exeter's shells did not come close to the Japanese ships, while Houston only managed to achieve a straddle on one of the opposing cruisers. The only notable result of the initial gunnery exchange was Exeter being critically damaged by a hit in the boiler room from an 8-inch shell. The ship then limped away to Surabaya, escorted by Witte de With.
The Japanese launched two huge torpedo salvoes, consisting of 92 torpedoes in all, but scored only one hit, on Kortenaer. She was struck by a Long Lance, broke in two and sank rapidly after the hit.
Electra—covering Exeter—engaged in a duel with Jintsū and Asagumo, scoring several hits but suffering severe damage to her superstructure. After a serious fire started on Electra and her remaining turret ran out of ammunition, abandon ship was ordered. On the Japanese side, only Asagumo was forced to retire because of damage.
The Allied fleet broke off and turned away around 18:00, covered by a smoke screen laid by the four destroyers of U.S Destroyer Division 58 (DesDiv 58). They also launched a torpedo attack but at too long a range to be effective. Doorman's force turned south toward the Java coast, then west and north as night fell in an attempt to evade the Japanese escort group and fall on the convoy. It was at this point the ships of DesDiv 58—their torpedoes expended—left on their own initiative to return to Surabaya.
Shortly after, at 21:25, Jupiter ran onto a mine and was sunk, while about 20 minutes later, the fleet passed where Kortenaer had sunk earlier, and Encounter was detached to pick up survivors.
Doorman's command, now reduced to four cruisers, again encountered the Japanese escort group at 23:00; both columns exchanged fire in the darkness at long range, until De Ruyter and Java were sunk, by one devastating torpedo salvo. Doorman and most of his crew went down with De Ruyter; only 111 were saved from both ships.
Only the cruisers Perth and Houston remained; low on fuel and ammunition, and following Doorman's last instructions, the two ships retired, arriving at Tanjung Priok on 28 February.
Although the Allied fleet did not reach the invasion fleet, the battle did give the defenders of Java a one-day respite.
Battle of Sunda Strait[edit]
Perth and Houston were at Tanjung Priok on 28 February when they received orders to sail through Sunda Strait to Tjilatjap. Material was running short in Java, and neither was able to rearm or fully refuel. Departing at 21:00 on 28 February for the Sunda Strait, by chance they encountered the main Japanese invasion fleet for West Java in Bantam Bay. The Allied ships were engaged by at least three cruisers and several destroyers.
In a ferocious night action that ended after midnight on 1 March, Perth and Houston were sunk. A Japanese minesweeper and a troop transport were sunk by friendly fire, while three other transports were damaged and had to be beached.
Second Java Sea[edit]
After emergency repairs the badly-damaged Exeter left Surabaya for Ceylon; she departed at dusk on 28 February and limped toward Sunda Strait, escorted by the destroyers HMS Encounter and USS Pope. However, all three ships were intercepted by the Japanese heavy cruisers Nachi, Haguro, Myōkō and Ashigara—and their attendant destroyers—on the morning of 1 March. Exeter and Encounter were sunk together around noon, while Pope escaped only to be sunk several hours later by aerial attack.
Bali Strait[edit]
The four U.S destroyers of DesRon 58—John D. Edwards, John D. Ford, Alden, and Paul Jones—were also at Surabaya; they left for Australia at nightfall on 28 February. After a brief encounter with a Japanese destroyer in the Bali Strait, which they were able to evade, they reached Fremantle safely on 4 March.
A further Dutch and two American destroyers were sunk as they attempted to escape to Australia. The main ABDA naval force had been almost totally destroyed: 10 ships and approximately 2,173 sailors had been lost. The Battle of the Java Sea ended significant Allied naval operations in South-East Asia in 1942, and Japanese land forces invaded Java on 28 February. The Dutch surface fleet was practically eradicated from the Asian waters and the Netherlands would never reclaim full control of its colony. The Japanese had laid open the control of one of the most important food-producing regions, Java, and by conquering the Dutch East-Indies Japan also gained ultimate control over the sources of the fourth largest oil producer in the world in 1940.
The U.S. and Royal Air Force then started to retreat to Australia. Dutch troops, aided by British remnants, fought fiercely for a week. In the campaign the Japanese executed many Allied POWs and sympathizing Indonesians. Eventually, the Japanese won this decisive battle of attrition and ABDA forces surrendered on 9 March.
Missing Shipwrecks[edit]
On 16 November 2016, it was reported that the wrecks of six and a half Allied ships which sank during the battle were missing from the ocean floor. The BBC quoted the Dutch Defense Ministry as saying that two Dutch shipwrecks, and large parts of a third, were missing, naming them as HNLMS De Ruyter, HNLMS Java and HNLMS Kortenaer[17]. The Guardian reported that the wrecks of HMS Exeter, HMS Encounter, and part of HMS Electra, as well as the submarine USS Perch were missing from the ocean floor and presumed illegally scavenged.[18]
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral Karel W.F.M. Doorman". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral Takeo Takagi". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: The rising sun in the Pacific
- ^ Gerhard Weinberg (2005). A World At Arms. p. 320. ISBN 0-521-61826-6.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The capture of Tarakan Island, January 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The capture of Balikpapan, January 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Fall of Menado, January 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Admiral Thomas Charles Hart". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ Muir, Dan (1999–2000). "The Balikpapan Raid". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Battle for Palembang, February 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Badung Strait Battle". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ Horner, David (1995). "The Gunners: A History of Australian Artillery". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ BBC. Fact File : Battle of Java Sea
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral Takeo Takagi". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral Shoji Nishimura". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ "Mystery over Dutch WW2 shipwrecks vanished from Java Sea bed". BBC News. 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
- ^ correspondent, Oliver Holmes South-east Asia; Harding, Luke (2016-11-16). "British second world war ships in Java Sea destroyed by illegal scavenging". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
- Brown, David (1990). Warship Losses of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
- Burchell, David (1971). The Bells of the Sunda Strait. Adelaide, Australia: Rigby.
- Cain, T. J. (1959). HMS Electra. London: Futura Publications.
- Coley, Elliot (2009). Intelligence Operations at the Battle of the Java Sea. Xlibris. ISBN 978-1-4415-1768-5.
- D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN 0-8159-5302-X.
- Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-097-1.
- Gill, G. Hermon (1957). "Chapter 15: Abda and Anzac". Royal Australian Navy, 1939–1942. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy. Volume I. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 848228.
- Gill, G. Hermon (1957). "Chapter 16: Defeat in Abda". Royal Australian Navy, 1939–1942. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy. Volume I. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 848228.
- Gordon, Oliver L. (1957). Fight It Out. William Kimber.
- Grove, Eric (1993). Sea Battles in Close-Up: World War II, vol. 2. Annapolis, MD, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-7110-2118-X.
- Hara, Tameichi (1961). Japanese Destroyer Captain. New York & Toronto: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-27894-1. Firsthand account of the battle by the captain of the Japanese destroyer Amatsukaze.
- Holbrook, Heber (1981). U.S.S. Houston: The Last Flagship of the Asiatic Fleet. Dixon, CA, USA: Pacific Ship and Shore.
- Hornfischer, James D. (2006). Ship of Ghosts: The Story of the USS Houston, FDR's Legendary Lost Cruiser, and the Epic Saga of Her Survivors. Bantam. ISBN 0-553-80390-5.
- Hoyt, Edwin P. (1976). The Lonely Ships: The Life and Death of the Asiatic Fleet. New York: David McKay Company.
- Lacroix, Eric; Linton Wells (1997). Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-311-3.
- McKie, Ronald (1953). Proud Echo: The Great Last Battle of HMAS Perth. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001) [1958]. The Rising Sun in the Pacific 1931 – April 1942, vol. 3 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Castle Books. ISBN 0-7858-1304-7.
- Parkin, Robert Sinclair (1995). Blood on the Sea: American Destroyers Lost in World War II. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81069-7.
- Payne, Alan (2000). HMAS Perth: The Story of a Six-Inch Cruiser, 1936–1942. Garden Island, NSW, Aus: The Naval Historical Society of Australia.
- Schultz, Duane (1985). The Last Battle Station: The Story of the USS Houston. St Martins Press. ISBN 0-312-46973-X.
- Thomas, David A. (1968). The Battle of the Java Sea. New York: Stein & Day. ISBN 0-330-02608-9.
- van Oosten, F. C. (1976). The Battle of the Java Sea (Sea battles in close-up; 15). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-911-1.
- Spector, Ronald (1985). "The Short, Unhappy Life of ABDACOM". Eagle Against the Sun: The American War With Japan. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-394-74101-3.
- Whiting, Brendan (1995). Ship of Courage: The Epic Story of HMAS Perth and Her Crew. Australia: Allen & Unwin Pty., Limited. ISBN 1-86373-653-0.
- Winslow, Walter G. (1984). The Ghost that Died at Sunda Strait. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-218-4. Firsthand account of the battle by a survivor from USS Houston.
- Winslow, Walter G. (1994). The Fleet the Gods Forgot: The U.S. Asiatic Fleet in World War II. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-928-X.
- Kehn, Donald M. (2009). A Blue Sea of Blood: Deciphering the Mysterious Fate of the USS Edsall. Zenith Press. ISBN 0-7603-3353-X.
Visual media[edit]
- Niek Koppen (Director) (1995). Slag in de Javazee, De (The Battle of the Java Sea) (Documentary film). Netherlands: NFM/IAF. — 135-minute documentary of the battle. Won the "Golden Calf" award for "Best Long Documentary" at the 1996 Nederlands Film Festival.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of the Java Sea. |
- "CombinedFleet.com: Tabular history of Japanese ships involved in the battle". Archived from the original on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2006.
- "Battle of the Java Sea: 27 February 1942 by Vincent P. O'Hara". Archived from the original on 12 April 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2006.
- "Battle of Sunda Strait: 28 February-1 March 1942 by Vincent P. O'Hara". Retrieved 31 May 2006.
- "Details on the battle and sunken ships from a diving site". Archived from the original on 30 April 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2006.
- "Details on the battle and the report from the captain of HMS Exeter". Retrieved 17 May 2006.
- "US Navy report of the battle from 1943.". Archived from the original on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2006.
- L, Klemen. "The Japanese Invasion of Dutch West Timor Island, February 1942". The Netherlands East Indies 1941–1942.
- "Navweaps.com order of battle.". Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2006.
- "Australian War Memorial description of the battle with some pictures.". Retrieved 17 May 2006.
- "Fall of the Dutch East Indies". Animated histories of Pacific battles of World War II.
- United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific): Naval Analysis Division (1946). "Chapter 3: The Japanese Invasion of the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, and Southeast Asia". The Campaigns of the Pacific War. United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved 20 November 2006.
- 1942 in Japan
- Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
- Java Sea
- Naval battles of World War II involving Australia
- Naval battles of World War II involving Japan
- Naval battles of World War II involving the Netherlands
- Naval battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
- Naval battles of World War II involving the United States
- South West Pacific theatre of World War II


text:
(11 quotes found)
"Who wants to live forever?"
Freddie Mercury
"The average man does not know what to do with this life, yet wants another one which will last forever."
Anatole France
"I gotta be honest, I kinda like the idea of death. Because if I could live forever I'd probably never do half of the things I do every single day... knowing I'll die someday."
Vanda M
"The only way to live forever is to live in hope."
Wohi Purana
"Without love we are nothing more than an empty canvas..."
Philip T. M.
"If we know that is not the man, who provides us our daily bread, why do we worry about, "what I would eat tomorrow?!""
"Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever."
Mahatma Gandhi
"Best friends are unique and special. They are people who you can connect with, understand and support you all the way thru. No matter what happens, they are the ones who make me happy and want to live life. Best friends are with you forever even in old age. Imagine that, hahaha! I love u all! ♥ ♥ ♥ #3-Jaime P."
Jaime Penzellna
"Without LOVE we are no more than an empty canvas..."


text:
New CoolIT GPU Liquid Cooler Designed For Current, Future Video Cards
CoolIT Systems claims to have designed its way around the need for such replacements through the use of what it calls a universal cooling plate. We reviewed a BFG-built GTX 295 that uses a CoolIT-designed liquid cooling system last month—the company isn't kidding about the thermal benefits of water or the improved overclocking it makes possible—but this new ATI cooler is particularly interesting. According to the company, the GPU cooler is also designed to fit future cards that have yet to launch. There was no information on which cards these might be, or whether the future-proofing is locked to further iterations of the HD 5000 series.
Water cooling. It's kinda like that.
Oddly, the only "photos" available are actually 3D renders of the product.
CoolIT isn't sharing pricing information yet, but the company's self-contained liquid cooler for the Radeon HD 4870 has an MSRP of around $135, so it's reasonable to think the new HD 5870 unit will debut in this range (possibly with a premium tacked on top). That's not cheap—third-party GPU heatsink/fan combos typically run $30-$50 at the upper end—but depending on just how future proof CoolIT's new design is, the larger up-front investment could save money over the long run. There's no realistic danger that a later card will exceed the cooler's heat-transfer capabilities—water stomps all over air in this regard—and it's quieter as well.
Everything you'd expect to find in a factory-built radiator system, minus the exhaust fan. The speed toggle for said fan is presumably hiding on the other side of the device (or would be regulated via the motherboard BIOS)