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Run-time errors arise from design faults, coding mistakes, hardware failures, and many other sources. Although you cannot anticipate all possible errors, you can plan to handle certain kinds of errors meaningful to your PL/SQL program.
With many programming languages, unless you disable error checking, a run-time error such as stack overflow or division by zero stops normal processing and returns control to the operating system. With PL/SQL, a mechanism called exception handling lets you bulletproof your program so that it can continue operating in the presence of errors.
This chapter contains these topics:
In PL/SQL, an error condition is called an exception. Exceptions can be internally defined (by the runtime system) or user defined. Examples of internally defined exceptions include division by zero
and out of memory
. Some common internal exceptions have predefined names, such as ZERO_DIVIDE
and STORAGE_ERROR
. The other internal exceptions can be given names.
You can define exceptions of your own in the declarative part of any PL/SQL block, subprogram, or package. For example, you might define an exception named insufficient_funds
to flag overdrawn bank accounts. Unlike internal exceptions, user-defined exceptions must be given names.
When an error occurs, an exception is raised. That is, normal execution stops and control transfers to the exception-handling part of your PL/SQL block or subprogram. Internal exceptions are raised implicitly (automatically) by the run-time system. User-defined exceptions must be raised explicitly by RAISE
statements, which can also raise predefined exceptions.
To handle raised exceptions, you write separate routines called exception handlers. After an exception handler runs, the current block stops executing and the enclosing block resumes with the next statement. If there is no enclosing block, control returns to the host environment. For information on managing errors when using BULK
, see "Handling FORALL Exceptions with the %BULK_EXCEPTIONS Attribute".
Example 10-1 calculates a price-to-earnings ratio for a company. If the company has zero earnings, the division operation raises the predefined exception ZERO_DIVIDE
, the execution of the block is interrupted, and control is transferred to the exception handlers. The optional OTHERS
handler catches all exceptions that the block does not name specifically.
Example 10-1 Runtime Error Handling
DECLARE stock_price NUMBER := 9.73; net_earnings NUMBER := 0; pe_ratio NUMBER; BEGIN -- Calculation might cause division-by-zero error. pe_ratio := stock_price / net_earnings; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Price/earnings ratio = ' || pe_ratio); EXCEPTION -- exception handlers begin -- Only one of the WHEN blocks is executed. WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN -- handles 'division by zero' error DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Company must have had zero earnings.'); pe_ratio := NULL; WHEN OTHERS THEN -- handles all other errors DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Some other kind of error occurred.'); pe_ratio := NULL; END; -- exception handlers and block end here /
The last example illustrates exception handling. With some better error checking, we could have avoided the exception entirely, by substituting a null for the answer if the denominator was zero, as shown in the following example.
DECLARE stock_price NUMBER := 9.73; net_earnings NUMBER := 0; pe_ratio NUMBER; BEGIN pe_ratio := CASE net_earnings WHEN 0 THEN NULL ELSE stock_price / net_earnings end; END; /
Because reliability is crucial for database programs, use both error checking and exception handling to ensure your program can handle all possibilities:
Add exception handlers whenever there is any possibility of an error occurring. Errors are especially likely during arithmetic calculations, string manipulation, and database operations. Errors could also occur at other times, for example if a hardware failure with disk storage or memory causes a problem that has nothing to do with your code; but your code still needs to take corrective action.
Add error-checking code whenever you can predict that an error might occur if your code gets bad input data. Expect that at some time, your code will be passed incorrect or null parameters, that your queries will return no rows or more rows than you expect.
Make your programs robust enough to work even if the database is not in the state you expect. For example, perhaps a table you query will have columns added or deleted, or their types changed. You can avoid such problems by declaring individual variables with %TYPE
qualifiers, and declaring records to hold query results with %ROWTYPE
Handle named exceptions whenever possible, instead of using WHEN OTHERS in exception handlers. Learn the names and causes of the predefined exceptions. If your database operations might cause particular ORA- errors, associate names with these errors so you can write handlers for them. (You will learn how to do that later in this chapter.)
Test your code with different combinations of bad data to see what potential errors arise.
Write out debugging information in your exception handlers. You might store such information in a separate table. If so, do it by making a call to a procedure declared with the PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION
, so that you can commit your debugging information, even if you roll back the work that the main procedure was doing.
Carefully consider whether each exception handler should commit the transaction, roll it back, or let it continue. Remember, no matter how severe the error is, you want to leave the database in a consistent state and avoid storing any bad data.
Using exceptions for error handling has several advantages. With exceptions, you can reliably handle potential errors from many statements with a single exception handler:
Example 10-2 Managing Multiple Errors With a Single Exception Handler
DECLARE emp_column VARCHAR2(30) := 'last_name'; table_name VARCHAR2(30) := 'emp'; temp_var VARCHAR2(30); BEGIN temp_var := emp_column; SELECT COLUMN_NAME INTO temp_var FROM USER_TAB_COLS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'EMPLOYEES' AND COLUMN_NAME = UPPER(emp_column); -- processing here temp_var := table_name; SELECT OBJECT_NAME INTO temp_var FROM USER_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_NAME = UPPER(table_name) AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE'; -- processing here EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN -- catches all 'no data found' errors DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('No Data found for SELECT on ' || temp_var); END; /
Instead of checking for an error at every point it might occur, just add an exception handler to your PL/SQL block. If the exception is ever raised in that block (or any sub-block), you can be sure it will be handled.
Sometimes the error is not immediately obvious, and could not be detected until later when you perform calculations using bad data. Again, a single exception handler can trap all division-by-zero errors, bad array subscripts, and so on.
If you need to check for errors at a specific spot, you can enclose a single statement or a group of statements inside its own BEGIN-END
block with its own exception handler. You can make the checking as general or as precise as you like.
Isolating error-handling routines makes the rest of the program easier to read and understand.
An internal exception is raised automatically if your PL/SQL program violates an Oracle rule or exceeds a system-dependent limit. PL/SQL predefines some common Oracle errors as exceptions. For example, PL/SQL raises the predefined exception NO_DATA_FOUND
if a SELECT
statement returns no rows.
You can use the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
to associate exception names with other Oracle error codes that you can anticipate. To handle unexpected Oracle errors, you can use the OTHERS
handler. Within this handler, you can call the functions SQLCODE
and SQLERRM
to return the Oracle error code and message text. Once you know the error code, you can use it with pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
and write a handler specifically for that error.
PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in package STANDARD
. You need not declare them yourself. You can write handlers for predefined exceptions using the names in the following table:
PL/SQL lets you define exceptions of your own. Unlike predefined exceptions, user-defined exceptions must be declared and must be raised explicitly by RAISE
Exceptions can be declared only in the declarative part of a PL/SQL block, subprogram, or package. You declare an exception by introducing its name, followed by the keyword EXCEPTION
. In the following example, you declare an exception named past_due
DECLARE past_due EXCEPTION;
Exception and variable declarations are similar. But remember, an exception is an error condition, not a data item. Unlike variables, exceptions cannot appear in assignment statements or SQL statements. However, the same scope rules apply to variables and exceptions.
You cannot declare an exception twice in the same block. You can, however, declare the same exception in two different blocks.
Exceptions declared in a block are considered local to that block and global to all its sub-blocks. Because a block can reference only local or global exceptions, enclosing blocks cannot reference exceptions declared in a sub-block.
If you redeclare a global exception in a sub-block, the local declaration prevails. The sub-block cannot reference the global exception, unless the exception is declared in a labeled block and you qualify its name with the block label:
Example 10-3 illustrates the scope rules:
Example 10-3 Scope of PL/SQL Exceptions
DECLARE past_due EXCEPTION; acct_num NUMBER; BEGIN DECLARE ---------- sub-block begins past_due EXCEPTION; -- this declaration prevails acct_num NUMBER; due_date DATE := SYSDATE - 1; todays_date DATE := SYSDATE; BEGIN IF due_date < todays_date THEN RAISE past_due; -- this is not handled END IF; END; ------------- sub-block ends EXCEPTION WHEN past_due THEN -- does not handle raised exception DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Handling PAST_DUE exception.'); WHEN OTHERS THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Could not recognize PAST_DUE_EXCEPTION in this scope.'); END; /
The enclosing block does not handle the raised exception because the declaration of past_due
in the sub-block prevails. Though they share the same name, the two past_due
exceptions are different, just as the two acct_num
variables share the same name but are different variables. Thus, the RAISE
statement and the WHEN
clause refer to different exceptions. To have the enclosing block handle the raised exception, you must remove its declaration from the sub-block or define an OTHERS
To handle error conditions (typically ORA-
messages) that have no predefined name, you must use the OTHERS
handler or the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
. A pragma is a compiler directive that is processed at compile time, not at run time.
In PL/SQL, the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
tells the compiler to associate an exception name with an Oracle error number. That lets you refer to any internal exception by name and to write a specific handler for it. When you see an error stack, or sequence of error messages, the one on top is the one that you can trap and handle.
You code the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
in the declarative part of a PL/SQL block, subprogram, or package using the syntax
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(exception_name, -Oracle_error_number);
where exception_name
is the name of a previously declared exception and the number is a negative value corresponding to an ORA-
error number. The pragma must appear somewhere after the exception declaration in the same declarative section, as shown in Example 10-4.
The procedure RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
lets you issue user-defined ORA-
error messages from stored subprograms. That way, you can report errors to your application and avoid returning unhandled exceptions.
To call RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
, use the syntax
error_number, message[, {TRUE | FALSE}]);
where error_number
is a negative integer in the range -20000 .. -20999 and message
is a character string up to 2048 bytes long. If the optional third parameter is TRUE
, the error is placed on the stack of previous errors. If the parameter is FALSE
(the default), the error replaces all previous errors. RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
is part of package DBMS_STANDARD
, and as with package STANDARD
, you do not need to qualify references to it.
An application can call raise_application_error
only from an executing stored subprogram (or method). When called, raise_application_error
ends the subprogram and returns a user-defined error number and message to the application. The error number and message can be trapped like any Oracle error.
In Example 10-5, you call raise_application_error
if an error condition of your choosing happens (in this case, if the current schema owns less than 1000 tables):
Example 10-5 Raising an Application Error With raise_application_error
DECLARE num_tables NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT COUNT(*) INTO num_tables FROM USER_TABLES; IF num_tables < 1000 THEN /* Issue your own error code (ORA-20101) with your own error message. Note that you do not need to qualify raise_application_error with DBMS_STANDARD */ raise_application_error(-20101, 'Expecting at least 1000 tables'); ELSE NULL; -- Do the rest of the processing (for the non-error case). END IF; END; /
The calling application gets a PL/SQL exception, which it can process using the error-reporting functions SQLCODE
and SQLERRM
in an OTHERS
handler. Also, it can use the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
to map specific error numbers returned by raise_application_error
to exceptions of its own, as the following Pro*C example shows:
/* Execute embedded PL/SQL block using host
variables v_emp_id and v_amount, which were
assigned values in the host environment. */
null_salary EXCEPTION;
/* Map error number returned by raise_application_error
to user-defined exception. */
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(null_salary, -20101);
raise_salary(:v_emp_id, :v_amount);
WHEN null_salary THEN
INSERT INTO emp_audit VALUES (:v_emp_id, ...);
This technique allows the calling application to handle error conditions in specific exception handlers.
Remember, PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in package STANDARD
, so you need not declare them yourself. Redeclaring predefined exceptions is error prone because your local declaration overrides the global declaration. For example, if you declare an exception named invalid_number
and then PL/SQL raises the predefined exception INVALID_NUMBER
internally, a handler written for INVALID_NUMBER
will not catch the internal exception. In such cases, you must use dot notation to specify the predefined exception, as follows:
WHEN invalid_number OR STANDARD.INVALID_NUMBER THEN
-- handle the error
Internal exceptions are raised implicitly by the run-time system, as are user-defined exceptions that you have associated with an Oracle error number using EXCEPTION_INIT
. However, other user-defined exceptions must be raised explicitly by RAISE
PL/SQL blocks and subprograms should raise an exception only when an error makes it undesirable or impossible to finish processing. You can place RAISE
statements for a given exception anywhere within the scope of that exception. In Example 10-6, you alert your PL/SQL block to a user-defined exception named out_of_stock
Example 10-6 Using RAISE to Force a User-Defined Exception
DECLARE out_of_stock EXCEPTION; number_on_hand NUMBER := 0; BEGIN IF number_on_hand < 1 THEN RAISE out_of_stock; -- raise an exception that we defined END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN out_of_stock THEN -- handle the error DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Encountered out-of-stock error.'); END; /
You can also raise a predefined exception explicitly. That way, an exception handler written for the predefined exception can process other errors, as Example 10-7 shows:
Example 10-7 Using RAISE to Force a Pre-Defined Exception
DECLARE acct_type INTEGER := 7; BEGIN IF acct_type NOT IN (1, 2, 3) THEN RAISE INVALID_NUMBER; -- raise predefined exception END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN INVALID_NUMBER THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('HANDLING INVALID INPUT BY ROLLING BACK.'); ROLLBACK; END; /
When an exception is raised, if PL/SQL cannot find a handler for it in the current block or subprogram, the exception propagates. That is, the exception reproduces itself in successive enclosing blocks until a handler is found or there are no more blocks to search. If no handler is found, PL/SQL returns an unhandled exception error to the host environment.
Exceptions cannot propagate across remote procedure calls done through database links. A PL/SQL block cannot catch an exception raised by a remote subprogram. For a workaround, see "Defining Your Own Error Messages: Procedure RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR".
Figure 10-1, Figure 10-2, and Figure 10-3 illustrate the basic propagation rules.
An exception can propagate beyond its scope, that is, beyond the block in which it was declared, as shown in Example 10-8.
Example 10-8 Scope of an Exception
BEGIN DECLARE ---------- sub-block begins past_due EXCEPTION; due_date DATE := trunc(SYSDATE) - 1; todays_date DATE := trunc(SYSDATE); BEGIN IF due_date < todays_date THEN RAISE past_due; END IF; END; ------------- sub-block ends EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN ROLLBACK; END; /
Because the block that declares the exception past_due
has no handler for it, the exception propagates to the enclosing block. But the enclosing block cannot reference the name PAST_DUE
, because the scope where it was declared no longer exists. Once the exception name is lost, only an OTHERS
handler can catch the exception. If there is no handler for a user-defined exception, the calling application gets this error:
ORA-06510: PL/SQL: unhandled user-defined exception
Sometimes, you want to reraise an exception, that is, handle it locally, then pass it to an enclosing block. For example, you might want to roll back a transaction in the current block, then log the error in an enclosing block.
To reraise an exception, use a RAISE
statement without an exception name, which is allowed only in an exception handler:
Example 10-9 Reraising a PL/SQL Exception
DECLARE salary_too_high EXCEPTION; current_salary NUMBER := 20000; max_salary NUMBER := 10000; erroneous_salary NUMBER; BEGIN BEGIN ---------- sub-block begins IF current_salary > max_salary THEN RAISE salary_too_high; -- raise the exception END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN salary_too_high THEN -- first step in handling the error DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary ' || erroneous_salary || ' is out of range.'); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Maximum salary is ' || max_salary || '.'); RAISE; -- reraise the current exception END; ------------ sub-block ends EXCEPTION WHEN salary_too_high THEN -- handle the error more thoroughly erroneous_salary := current_salary; current_salary := max_salary; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Revising salary from ' || erroneous_salary || ' to ' || current_salary || '.'); END; /
When an exception is raised, normal execution of your PL/SQL block or subprogram stops and control transfers to its exception-handling part, which is formatted as follows:
WHEN exception1 THEN -- handler for exception1
WHEN exception2 THEN -- another handler for exception2
WHEN OTHERS THEN -- optional handler for all other errors
To catch raised exceptions, you write exception handlers. Each handler consists of a WHEN
clause, which specifies an exception, followed by a sequence of statements to be executed when that exception is raised. These statements complete execution of the block or subprogram; control does not return to where the exception was raised. In other words, you cannot resume processing where you left off.
The optional OTHERS
exception handler, which is always the last handler in a block or subprogram, acts as the handler for all exceptions not named specifically. Thus, a block or subprogram can have only one OTHERS
handler. Use of the OTHERS
handler guarantees that no exception will go unhandled.
If you want two or more exceptions to execute the same sequence of statements, list the exception names in the WHEN
clause, separating them by the keyword OR
, as follows:
WHEN over_limit OR under_limit OR VALUE_ERROR THEN
-- handle the error
If any of the exceptions in the list is raised, the associated sequence of statements is executed. The keyword OTHERS
cannot appear in the list of exception names; it must appear by itself. You can have any number of exception handlers, and each handler can associate a list of exceptions with a sequence of statements. However, an exception name can appear only once in the exception-handling part of a PL/SQL block or subprogram.
The usual scoping rules for PL/SQL variables apply, so you can reference local and global variables in an exception handler. However, when an exception is raised inside a cursor FOR
loop, the cursor is closed implicitly before the handler is invoked. Therefore, the values of explicit cursor attributes are not available in the handler.
Exceptions can be raised in declarations by faulty initialization expressions. For example, the following declaration raises an exception because the constant credit_limit
cannot store numbers larger than 999:
Example 10-10 Raising an Exception in a Declaration
DECLARE credit_limit CONSTANT NUMBER(3) := 5000; -- raises an error BEGIN NULL; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN -- Cannot catch the exception. This handler is never called. DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Can''t handle an exception in a declaration.'); END; /
Handlers in the current block cannot catch the raised exception because an exception raised in a declaration propagates immediately to the enclosing block.
When an exception occurs within an exception handler, that same handler cannot catch the exception. An exception raised inside a handler propagates immediately to the enclosing block, which is searched to find a handler for this new exception. From there on, the exception propagates normally. For example:
INSERT INTO ... -- might raise DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN ... -- cannot catch the exception
statement can branch from an exception handler into an enclosing block.
statement cannot branch into an exception handler, or from an exception handler into the current block.
In an exception handler, you can use the built-in functions SQLCODE
and SQLERRM
to find out which error occurred and to get the associated error message. For internal exceptions, SQLCODE
returns the number of the Oracle error. The number that SQLCODE
returns is negative unless the Oracle error is no data found
, in which case SQLCODE
returns +100. SQLERRM
returns the corresponding error message. The message begins with the Oracle error code.
For user-defined exceptions, SQLCODE
returns +1 and SQLERRM
returns the message User-Defined Exception
unless you used the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
to associate the exception name with an Oracle error number, in which case SQLCODE
returns that error number and SQLERRM
returns the corresponding error message. The maximum length of an Oracle error message is 512 characters including the error code, nested messages, and message inserts such as table and column names.
If no exception has been raised, SQLCODE
returns zero and SQLERRM
returns the message: ORA-0000: normal, successful completion
You can pass an error number to SQLERRM
, in which case SQLERRM
returns the message associated with that error number. Make sure you pass negative error numbers to SQLERRM
Passing a positive number to SQLERRM
always returns the message user-defined exception
unless you pass +100
, in which case SQLERRM
returns the message no data found
. Passing a zero to SQLERRM
always returns the message normal, successful completion
You cannot use SQLCODE
or SQLERRM
directly in a SQL statement. Instead, you must assign their values to local variables, then use the variables in the SQL statement, as shown in Example 10-11.
Example 10-11 Displaying SQLCODE and SQLERRM
CREATE TABLE errors (code NUMBER, message VARCHAR2(64), happened TIMESTAMP); DECLARE name employees.last_name%TYPE; v_code NUMBER; v_errm VARCHAR2(64); BEGIN SELECT last_name INTO name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = -1; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN v_code := SQLCODE; v_errm := SUBSTR(SQLERRM, 1 , 64); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error code ' || v_code || ': ' || v_errm); -- Normally we would call another procedure, declared with PRAGMA -- AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION, to insert information about errors. INSERT INTO errors VALUES (v_code, v_errm, SYSTIMESTAMP); END; /
The string function SUBSTR
ensures that a VALUE_ERROR
exception (for truncation) is not raised when you assign the value of SQLERRM
to err_msg
. The functions SQLCODE
and SQLERRM
are especially useful in the OTHERS
exception handler because they tell you which internal exception was raised.
When using pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES
to assert the purity of a stored function, you cannot specify the constraints WNPS
and RNPS
if the function calls SQLCODE
or SQLERRM
Remember, if it cannot find a handler for a raised exception, PL/SQL returns an unhandled exception error to the host environment, which determines the outcome. For example, in the Oracle Precompilers environment, any database changes made by a failed SQL statement or PL/SQL block are rolled back.
Unhandled exceptions can also affect subprograms. If you exit a subprogram successfully, PL/SQL assigns values to OUT
parameters. However, if you exit with an unhandled exception, PL/SQL does not assign values to OUT
parameters (unless they are NOCOPY
parameters). Also, if a stored subprogram fails with an unhandled exception, PL/SQL does not roll back database work done by the subprogram.
You can avoid unhandled exceptions by coding an OTHERS
handler at the topmost level of every PL/SQL program.
In this section, you learn techniques that increase flexibility.
An exception handler lets you recover from an otherwise fatal error before exiting a block. But when the handler completes, the block is terminated. You cannot return to the current block from an exception handler. In the following example, if the SELECT
statement raises ZERO_DIVIDE
, you cannot resume with the INSERT
CREATE TABLE employees_temp AS SELECT employee_id, salary, commission_pct FROM employees; DECLARE sal_calc NUMBER(8,2); BEGIN INSERT INTO employees_temp VALUES (301, 2500, 0); SELECT salary / commission_pct INTO sal_calc FROM employees_temp WHERE employee_id = 301; INSERT INTO employees_temp VALUES (302, sal_calc/100, .1); EXCEPTION WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN NULL; END; /
You can still handle an exception for a statement, then continue with the next statement. Place the statement in its own sub-block with its own exception handlers. If an error occurs in the sub-block, a local handler can catch the exception. When the sub-block ends, the enclosing block continues to execute at the point where the sub-block ends, as shown in Example 10-12.
Example 10-12 Continuing After an Exception
DECLARE sal_calc NUMBER(8,2); BEGIN INSERT INTO employees_temp VALUES (303, 2500, 0); BEGIN -- sub-block begins SELECT salary / commission_pct INTO sal_calc FROM employees_temp WHERE employee_id = 301; EXCEPTION WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN sal_calc := 2500; END; -- sub-block ends INSERT INTO employees_temp VALUES (304, sal_calc/100, .1); EXCEPTION WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN NULL; END; /
In this example, if the SELECT
statement raises a ZERO_DIVIDE
exception, the local handler catches it and sets sal_calc
to 2500. Execution of the handler is complete, so the sub-block terminates, and execution continues with the INSERT
statement. See also Example 5-38, "Collection Exceptions".
You can also perform a sequence of DML operations where some might fail, and process the exceptions only after the entire operation is complete, as described in "Handling FORALL Exceptions with the %BULK_EXCEPTIONS Attribute".
After an exception is raised, rather than abandon your transaction, you might want to retry it. The technique is:
Encase the transaction in a sub-block.
Place the sub-block inside a loop that repeats the transaction.
Before starting the transaction, mark a savepoint. If the transaction succeeds, commit, then exit from the loop. If the transaction fails, control transfers to the exception handler, where you roll back to the savepoint undoing any changes, then try to fix the problem.
In Example 10-13, the INSERT
statement might raise an exception because of a duplicate value in a unique column. In that case, we change the value that needs to be unique and continue with the next loop iteration. If the INSERT succeeds, we exit from the loop immediately. With this technique, you should use a FOR
or WHILE
loop to limit the number of attempts.
Example 10-13 Retrying a Transaction After an Exception
CREATE TABLE results ( res_name VARCHAR(20), res_answer VARCHAR2(3) ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX res_name_ix ON results (res_name); INSERT INTO results VALUES ('SMYTHE', 'YES'); INSERT INTO results VALUES ('JONES', 'NO'); DECLARE name VARCHAR2(20) := 'SMYTHE'; answer VARCHAR2(3) := 'NO'; suffix NUMBER := 1; BEGIN FOR i IN 1..5 LOOP -- try 5 times BEGIN -- sub-block begins SAVEPOINT start_transaction; -- mark a savepoint /* Remove rows from a table of survey results. */ DELETE FROM results WHERE res_answer = 'NO'; /* Add a survey respondent's name and answers. */ INSERT INTO results VALUES (name, answer); -- raises DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX if two respondents have the same name COMMIT; EXIT; EXCEPTION WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN ROLLBACK TO start_transaction; -- undo changes suffix := suffix + 1; -- try to fix problem name := name || TO_CHAR(suffix); END; -- sub-block ends END LOOP; END; /
Using one exception handler for a sequence of statements, such as INSERT
, or UPDATE
statements, can mask the statement that caused an error. If you need to know which statement failed, you can use a locator variable
Example 10-14 Using a Locator Variable to Identify the Location of an Exception
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE loc_var AS stmt_no NUMBER; name VARCHAR2(100); BEGIN stmt_no := 1; -- designates 1st SELECT statement SELECT table_name INTO name FROM user_tables WHERE table_name LIKE 'ABC%'; stmt_no := 2; -- designates 2nd SELECT statement SELECT table_name INTO name FROM user_tables WHERE table_name LIKE 'XYZ%'; EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table name not found in query ' || stmt_no); END; / CALL loc_var();
To make your programs more robust and avoid problems at run time, you can turn on checking for certain warning conditions. These conditions are not serious enough to produce an error and keep you from compiling a subprogram. They might point out something in the subprogram that produces an undefined result or might create a performance problem.
To work with PL/SQL warning messages, you use the PLSQL_WARNINGS
initialization parameter, the DBMS_WARNING
package, and the USER/DBA/ALL_PLSQL_OBJECT_SETTINGS
PL/SQL warning messages are divided into categories, so that you can suppress or display groups of similar warnings during compilation. The categories are:
: Messages for conditions that might cause unexpected behavior or wrong results, such as aliasing problems with parameters.
: Messages for conditions that might cause performance problems, such as passing a VARCHAR2
value to a NUMBER
column in an INSERT
: Messages for conditions that do not have an effect on performance or correctness, but that you might want to change to make the code more maintainable, such as unreachable code that can never be executed.
The keyword All
is a shorthand way to refer to all warning messages.
You can also treat particular messages as errors instead of warnings. For example, if you know that the warning message PLW-05003
represents a serious problem in your code, including 'ERROR:05003'
in the PLSQL_WARNINGS
setting makes that condition trigger an error message (PLS_05003
) instead of a warning message. An error message causes the compilation to fail.
To let the database issue warning messages during PL/SQL compilation, you set the initialization parameter PLSQL_WARNINGS
. You can enable and disable entire categories of warnings (ALL
), enable and disable specific message numbers, and make the database treat certain warnings as compilation errors so that those conditions must be corrected.
This parameter can be set at the system level or the session level. You can also set it for a single compilation by including it as part of the ALTER PROCEDURE
statement. You might turn on all warnings during development, turn off all warnings when deploying for production, or turn on some warnings when working on a particular subprogram where you are concerned with some aspect, such as unnecessary code or performance.
Example 10-15 Controlling the Display of PL/SQL Warnings
-- To focus on one aspect ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_WARNINGS='ENABLE:PERFORMANCE'; -- Recompile with extra checking ALTER PROCEDURE loc_var COMPILE PLSQL_WARNINGS='ENABLE:PERFORMANCE' REUSE SETTINGS; -- To turn off all warnings ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_WARNINGS='DISABLE:ALL'; -- Display 'severe' warnings, don't want 'performance' warnings, and -- want PLW-06002 warnings to produce errors that halt compilation ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_WARNINGS='ENABLE:SEVERE', 'DISABLE:PERFORMANCE', 'ERROR:06002'; -- For debugging during development ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_WARNINGS='ENABLE:ALL';
Warning messages can be issued during compilation of PL/SQL subprograms; anonymous blocks do not produce any warnings.
The settings for the PLSQL_WARNINGS
parameter are stored along with each compiled subprogram. If you recompile the subprogram with a CREATE OR REPLACE
statement, the current settings for that session are used. If you recompile the subprogram with an ALTER
statement, the current session setting might be used, or the original setting that was stored with the subprogram, depending on whether you include the REUSE SETTINGS
clause in the statement. For more information, see ALTER
, and ALTER
in Oracle Database SQL Reference.
To see any warnings generated during compilation, you use the SQL*Plus SHOW ERRORS
command or query the USER_ERRORS
data dictionary view. PL/SQL warning messages all use the prefix PLW
If you are writing a development environment that compiles PL/SQL subprograms, you can control PL/SQL warning messages by calling subprograms in the DBMS_WARNING
package. You might also use this package when compiling a complex application, made up of several nested SQL*Plus scripts, where different warning settings apply to different subprograms. You can save the current state of the PLSQL_WARNINGS
parameter with one call to the package, change the parameter to compile a particular set of subprograms, then restore the original parameter value.
For example, Example 10-16 is a procedure with unnecessary code that could be removed. It could represent a mistake, or it could be intentionally hidden by a debug flag, so you might or might not want a warning message for it.
Example 10-16 Using the DBMS_WARNING Package to Display Warnings
-- When warnings disabled, the following procedure compiles with no warnings CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE unreachable_code AS x CONSTANT BOOLEAN := TRUE; BEGIN IF x THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TRUE'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('FALSE'); END IF; END unreachable_code; / -- enable all warning messages for this session CALL DBMS_WARNING.set_warning_setting_string('ENABLE:ALL' ,'SESSION'); -- Check the current warning setting SELECT DBMS_WARNING.get_warning_setting_string() FROM DUAL; -- Recompile the procedure and a warning about unreachable code displays ALTER PROCEDURE unreachable_code COMPILE; SHOW ERRORS;
In Example 10-16, you could have used the following ALTER
without the call to DBMS_WARNINGS.set_warning_setting_string
ALTER PROCEDURE unreachable_code COMPILE
For more information, see ALTER
in Oracle Database SQL Reference, DBMS_WARNING
package in Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference, and PLW- messages in Oracle Database Error Messages


text:
The Commonwealth July/August 2009
Our special combined July/August issue focuses on science in many forms, including behind the scenes with "Darwin Awards" creator Wendy Northcutt, astronomer Alan Boss on extraterrestrial life, Prof. Paul R. Ehrlich on "The Dominant Animal," researcher Mary Roach on sex, David Bisno on Darwin's captain, and Alexander Rose and Laura Welcher on saving dying languages. Also, Dr. Gloria Duffy on North Korea and Iran, Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir, and how California prisons dilute prison gangs.
Purchase at MagCloud

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Math Bytes: |
ADDITIONAL REVIEWS: "The mathematical topics are interesting and informative; if you teach at the college level, you are likely to find some interesting fodder for your courses here. You also may, as I did, learn some new things yourself. . . . This book, which is filled with photos, drawings, and anecdotes, is a treasure trove of amusing mathematical vignettes. It makes for very pleasant summer reading."--Mark Hunacek, MAA Reviews "The reader is constantly challenged to think about it or answer certain questions and to solve some problems (some solutions are provided at the end). Most of all, it's such a lovely little booklet that does not give you the time to get bored with. The average chapter length, including the many illustrations, is only 10 pages. Just enough to catch your interest and get bitten by the mathematics."--A. Bultheel, European Mathematical Society "For readers who love math, computing and puzzles, Math Bytes will be a welcome gift."--George Erdosh, San Francisco Book Review "[L]ively and entertaining book. . . . All of the applications are presented in an accessible and engaging way, enabling beginners and advanced readers alike to learn and explore at their own pace--a bit and a byte at a time."--Zentralblatt MATH "A mathematical Pandora's box released is perhaps the best way to describe this book. It overflows with ideas, flitting from one fascinating topic to the next, often without an apparent connection. The range is impressive. . . . Everyone should find a 'math byte' of interest in this book, and perhaps end up finding other topics of interest as well."--Choice "I definitely learnt a few new things and was entertained as I did so. Furthermore, anything that spreads the message that mathematics is both interesting and useful has to be a good thing, so I wish this book success."--Rob Ashmore, Mathematics Today "A fun collection of mathematical applications that has something for everyone, even mathphobes."--Anne Quinn, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics ADDITIONAL ENDORSEMENTS: "How can you tell, by just looking, that 178212 + 184112 = 192212 is not a true statement? When you search for something on the web, how does Google know how to respond with the most relevant hits first? Chartier tells you how in this book. Each new discussion illustrates the almost supernatural explanatory nature of mathematics, promising many hours of enjoyment."--Paul J. Nahin, author of Will You Be Alive 10 Years from Now?: And Numerous Other Curious Questions in Probability "A magnificent and curious romp through a wonderful array of mathematical topics and applications: maze creation, Google's PageRank algorithm, doodling, the traveling salesman problem, math on The Simpsons, Fermat's Last Theorem, viral tweets, fractals, and so much more. Buy this book and feed your brain."--Clifford A. Pickover, author of The Math Book "Math Bytes is a playful and inviting collection of interesting mathematical examples and applications, sometimes in surprising places. Many of these applications are unique or put a new spin on things. The link to computing helps make many of the topics tangible to a general audience."--Matt Lane, creator of the Math Goes Pop! Blog "Readable and fun. There are few books like this one that engage with mathematics at this level of accessibility and tie into real-world contexts in a humorous yet rigorous way. Math Bytes reinforces the excitement of mathematics and its relevance to modern culture."--Peter McOwan, Queen Mary, University of London File created: 3/23/2017 | |
Questions and comments to: firstname.lastname@example.com |


text:
ORLANDO, Fla. — A trainer at SeaWorld Orlando died Wednesday after a killer whale attacked her in front of a horrified audience.
Orange County Fire Rescue spokesman John Mulhall said paramedics were called to the Shamu Stadium at the theme park resort where they found a worker who could not be revived.
Park guest Victoria Biniak told WKMG-TV that the trainer had just finished explaining to the audience the show they were about to see.
Biniak told the station the whale suddenly came up from the water, grabbed the trainer around the waist and "thrashed her all around" to the point the trainer's shoe fell off.
"He was thrashing her around pretty good," Biniak said. "It was violent."
The guests were asked to leave and the park was closed.
There have been several previous attacks on whale trainers at SeaWorld parks.
In Nov. 2006, trainer Kenneth Peters, 39, was bitten and held underwater several times by a 7,000-pound killer whale during a show at SeaWorld's San Diego park. He escaped with a broken foot. The 17-foot-long orca who attacked him was the dominant female of SeaWorld San Diego's seven killer whales. She had attacked Peters two other times, in 1993 and 1999.
In 2004, another whale at the company's San Antonio park tried to hit one of the trainers and attempted to bite him. He also escaped.
In December, a whale drowned a trainer at a Spanish zoo.
At the Orlando SeaWorld, the body of a naked man was found scratched, bruised and draped over a 5-ton orca named Tilikum in July 1999. Daniel Dukes, 27, reportedly made his way past security at SeaWorld, remaining in the park after it had closed. Wearing only his underwear, Dukes either jumped, fell or was pulled into the frigid water of Tilikum's huge tank.
An autopsy ruled that he died of hypothermia in the 50-degree water. Dukes' parents filed a lawsuit against the park later that year but later withdrew it.


text:
The much-delayed indigenous Light Combat Aircraft Tejas aircraft is expected to be ready for induction into operational service by 2015, Indian Air Force chief Air Chief Marshal N A K Browne said on Tuesday.
Talking to reporters, the IAF chief said the indigenous aircraft will have to be modified further for operating in high-altitude areas as recently during trials in Leh, its engine 'did not work'.
"By my estimate it (the Initial Operational Clearance II) should be by the end of this year and the Final Operational Clearance should take another year-and-half more," he said on the sidelines of a seminar.
The FOC is the final nod required before an aircraft is considered to be ready for operational deployment in an air force. While the IOC I of the LCA Tejas was completed two years ago, but the FOC date has been postponed due to certain issues.
Browne said delays do take place in a development project such as the LCA. "Recently we went for high-altitude trials. The engine (of LCA) did not work at that altitude because it is a different cup of tea. Even the Su-30, when it was taken to Leh, it had to be modified. So, the LCA will have to be modified. It has to do the retrials," he said.
The IAF chief said the aircraft will take part in the exercise 'Ironfist', which will be held at Pokharan in Rajasthan on February 22. "There it will be firing the R-73 missile along with laser guided bombs etc. But a lot more work is still required," he said.
Earlier at an international seminar here, Defence Research Development Organisation chief V K Saraswat said the LCA had completed 2,000 test flights. At the same seminar, Browne said that the IAF is planning to induct around 350-400 aircraft in the 12th Defence Plan period.
The air force is planning to procure more than 200 fighter aircraft including the 126 Rafale medium-multirole combat aircraft, over 40 Su-30MKIs, several types of transport aircraft and various choppers, he said.
Listing the major modernisation milestones achieved by the air force, he said the IAF signed 325 contract worth Rs 1.52 lakh crore for modernising the force.
"Of these, 217 contracts worth around Rs 84,000 crore have been signed with Indian companies," the IAF chief said. In 2013-14, the IAF is planning to sign several deals including one for 126 Rafale aircraft, additional six C-130J Super Hercules and several chopper contracts for attack and heavy-lift category, he said.
On the future requirements of the force, he said advanced active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars, electronic warfare suites and unmanned combat aerial vehicles were the need of the force in the future.
The IAF chief said testing facilities of DRDO and defence PSUs should be opened up for private sector as they are national assets.


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Pinch hitting: The Yankees Chick
It's a slow month for baseball news. But fear not, we've lined up a series of guest bloggers to entertain you. Leading off is Maureen from YankeesChick.com.
The Chick has been blogging for over two years now. She's passionate about the Yankees and baseball as a whole and loves nothing more than ranting and raving about the team and then hearing what other people have to say about said opinions. That's generally a hearty mix of, "Right on, Chick!" and of course a big dose of, "Yer a moron, go Saaaawx!"
Here's her post:
Hello lovely Peter Abraham friends (or perhaps a few foes, everyone is welcome)! I imagine that as diehard Yanks fans like myself – which I assume y'all are, since you're here – the shortage of baseball news lately has been difficult to cope with and has perhaps thrown a wrench in your usual workday plan of reading baseball websites for about 4 of the 8 hours (or is that just me?).
The Yankees in particular have been very quiet on the news front; since re-signing A-Rod, Posada, Abreu, Mo, and Pettitte they haven't done a whole lot about which to write and/or read. It is during the lean times like the these that we must keep in mind the fact that there are 29 other teams in the league, each of them with a roster full of players and news for us to peruse!
Throughout the second half of the 2007 season, I provided an (approximately) weekly overview of the goings-on of the aforementioned other 29 teams over on my blog, which I called the "Rest Of The League Round-Up".
The idea behind those round-ups was to provide a concise update on what was going on in the non-Yanks world, team by team, and just for some added fun (and, truthfully, because for some of these teams [Nationals, anyone?] there simply wasn't always all that much to say) I implemented a self-imposed limit of 10 words per team. If you'd like to check out the 2007 round=ups, you can read them here, but for now, let's rock and roll with a special Off-Season Rest Of The League Round-Up!
Once again, I see two teams that have a chance and three that don't. Que triste, Torobaltibay…
Boston: Want Santana just to prevent Yanks acquiring. Pitching still scary.
Toronto: Virtually un-changed roster. Good luck keeping the DL under 2,809,123,098 players.
Baltimore: You haven't had winning season since 1997. Keep the dream alive!
Tampa Bay: Maybe taking "Devil" out of name will help you. Nice try.
Two of you knocked the Yanks out in the last two years. Go to hell, AL Central.
Cleveland: You should've beat BoSox. Pitching too good.
Detroit: If beefed-up offense stays healthy, look out Cleveland.
Minnesota: In driver's seat with Santana, but be smart: deal him.
Chicago: Ozzie Guillen will be the death of you… again.
Kansas City: Would love to see you succeed. Good farm, so someday?
You know rat-ville is coming out on top here, folks
Los Angeles: Hunter signing VERY wise. Extra "i" brings good luck.
Seattle: Current and former players going Clemens route after steroids scandal.
Oakland: Dear Billy Beane. Wise change in stance.
Texas: Otsuka recommended Padres as destination for Japanese players. Texas displeased.
Competition here in 2008!
Philadelphia: Crushing Mets = high spirits. Sidenote: Anna Benson comes with Kris.
New York: Signing veterans like you're the old Yankees. PS: Get Santana.
Atlanta: If Mets blow it again, maybe you have chance again.
Washington: Got some good youngsters to watch! Maybe people will care.
Florida: Payroll now just under 150 bucks.
Too many teams, too little time.
Chicago: Weren't you trying to sell the team? What happened?
Milwaukee: I wonder if these people will hope again in 2008.
St. Louis: STILL don't get how you won in 2006.
Houston: Berkman outspoken about trades but probs won't be traded himself.
Cincinnati: Reds.com headline: "Reds head to 2008 with clear intentions." Obviously.
Pittsburgh: Will spend year trying to erase memory of Bonds.
Used to be "forgotten division"… now home to tight race!
Arizona: Yup, it was totally the less-hideous uniforms
San Diego: I still maintain: Who needs offense with this pitching!
Colorado: Congrats on pennant. Unsure what you'll do in 2008 though.
Los Angeles: Good boy, Torre. Keep quiet and stay loyal to your lads.
San Francisco: No chance.


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once the swelling of brazilian butt lift goes down is that the final result or does it enhance as time goes on
When The Swelling of BBL Goes Down, Is That The Final Result? Or Do Results Continue To Enhance With Time?
Doctor Answers 2
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Best of luck
Dr. Salama
Web reference: http://www.miamibuttlift.com/
Hi there-
Only your surgeon can possibly know what a normal or typical postoperative experience is for their patients. While I can tell you what my own patients experience, this may differ significantly from what you should expect, and therefore would only confuse you.
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Web reference: http://www.DrArmandoSoto.com
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


text:
Ben Garland and Shelley Smith are the top competitors for the Broncos' left guard opening.
NBC Denver expects OG Ben Garland to get a "legitimate shot" at the Broncos' left-guard job.
Broncos re-signed exclusive rights free agent OG Ben Garland to a one-year, $510,000 contract.
The Denver Post considers Ben Garland a "dark horse" for the Broncos' left-guard vacancy.
Broncos waived G/DE Ben Garland.
The Broncos have moved Ben Garland from defensive tackle to offensive guard.
Air Force alum Ben Garland is still pursuing an NFL career and recently gave up an opportunity to begin pilot training.
Broncos placed DL Ben Garland on the reserve/military list.


text:
Mike Shanin interviews Wendell Cox, principal at Demographia, about an essay he prepared which details the strengths and weaknesses of the Kansas City metro. (Read the full report.) Then Annie Presley, Jason Grill, Mike Sanders and Crosby Kemper III discuss the future of the Democratic Party, the budget shortfall in Kansas, and the recent protests ...Continue Reading
KCPT will present a special broadcast of Away From It All with Charles Gusewelle at 8 pm on Monday, November 21. You can also watch Away From It All with Charles Gusewelle and other shows produced with the national award-winning writer and Kansas City Star columnist—like Stories Under the Stone and This Place Called Home— online at ...Continue Reading
Michael Murphy is KCPT's Vice-President of Programming. Here, he remembers his colleague and friend. He used to speak to me of his good fortune — adopted by loving parents from an orphanage in Kansas City, Kansas; the love of his life Katie saying yes to his proposal—"you know, she had been the winner of the beautiful baby contest ...Continue Reading
Play for Tomorrow, in conjunction with the Kauffman Foundation, brought members of the sports community, community development organizations and entrepreneurs together on Oct. 21-23 at the Kauffman Foundation. The goal was to collaborate with each other, and by the end of the weekend, pitch a solution to the issue of the community's underserved youth that ...Continue Reading
Drill down to discover the treasures beneath our feet that power our world. Fossil fuels – coal, oil, and natural gas – powered the industrial revolution and allowed us to build a way of life that many cherish today. Personal cars, planes, lights, hot showers – all of these are gifts from our fossil fuels… ...Continue Reading
Share your insights with our newsroom.


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Britannia Leeds Hotel
3Millgreen View Ring Road, LEEDS, LS14 5QF
Price From
View Rooms- Good
- 55 guest reviews
About the hotel
Millgreen View Ring Road , LEEDS, LS14 5QF Located on the outskirts of Leeds, this modern hotel is located within easy reach of the city centre and A1/M1. For those looking for a hotel for leisure purposes the hotel is ideal. Its in such a good location but set back from the hustle and bustle of a city centre hotel.
The hotel offers FREE wifi to all guests in the Bar and Lounge.
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Facilities Show/hide
- Main
- 24 Hour Reception, Cots available, Tea/Coffee making facilities in each room, Hairdryer in each room, Telephone In Each Room
- Parking
- Car parking available onsite
- Business
- Wi-Fi Available, Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas, Wi-Fi Available In Rooms
- Dining
- Restaurant
- In Room Entertainment
Useful Info Show/hide
- From 15:00 hours
- By 11:00 hours
- Up to 14 years old
- The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
- Pets are not allowed
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
55% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
very tired looking hotel
this hotel looks very tired looking.We had one small towel between the two of us.When booking in the receptionist and another member of staff were busy chatting and they both looked at us as though how dare we interupt there conversation.Dont think i will be using this chain again.Also a bit far out of leeds.
somewhere to stop over wit
Lovely night in the hotel.
Comfortable bed. money worth value for last minute under £40 for double room for me and wife. to get some sleep b...
Read More Less


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NIV Mom's Devotional Bible, Hardcover, Jacketed Printed
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▼▲Format: Hardcover Number of Pages: 1472 Vendor: Zondervan Publication Date: 2013 Dimensions: 8.50 X 5.50 X 1.50 (inches) ISBN: 0310443369 ISBN-13: 9780310443360 Text Layout: Double Column | Text Color: Black Letter Text Size: 8 Point Thumb Index: No Ribbon Marker: No Spine: Sewn Page Gilding: None Page Edges: White |
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▼▲"I am excited for the ways that moms will draw on God's strength through the NIV Mom's Devotional Bible. Packed with practical inspiration, it is an incredible tool to help moms find hope and daily encouragement." Sherry Surratt CEO and President, MOPS International
Mom, you don't have to go it alone! The NIV Mom's Devotional Bible helps you to be the very best mom you can be by relating the Bible to your everyday life as a momwhether youre a new or experienced mom! A trusted source of wisdom to help you as you learn how to be the type of mom God wants you to be, this Bible provides a year of weekday and weekend devotions. These daily readings are full of good advice and encouragement from Elisa Morgan, President Emerita of Mothers of Preschoolers, International (MOPS). Her inspiring insights help you understand and delight in your vital role of raising children and remind you to keep your head high when dealing with the stress of parenthood. You'll also find resources that show you where to turn for help with the special challenges you face and that offer insight into your role as a mother by linking your real-life encounters as a mom with biblical dilemmas. Whether you have 5 minutes to read or 15, the devotions in this Bible will touch your heart.
A year's worth of daily devotions, M-F, mostly written by Elisa Morgan, President Emerita of Mothers of Preschoolers International (MOPS). Some devotions also written by other authors, including: Stormie Omartian, Tracey Bianchi, Shauna Niequist, Ann Voskamp, Lysa TerKeurst, Shayne Moore, Jennifer Grant, Linda Dillow, Margaret Feinberg, Karol Ladd, Anita Lustrea, Sheila Walsh, Angela Thomas, and Carolyn Custis James.
5 devotions written for you by everyday, real-life moms facing the same struggles you do.
Weekend Momday devotions cycle through four special interest areas for moms:
1) Better Moms Make a Better World reveals five essential ingredients for improving yourself as a mother, which has tremendous implications for your family and your world;
2) Train Up a Child helps you teach your children about God and how he can be reflected in their lives;
3) A Time to Play gives some good reasons why play is important, even on the busiest days, and it offers some creative ideas for having fun;
4) Get Growing encourages you, as a mom and as a woman, to expand your mind and spirit as you journey through motherhood.
Index of topics important to mothers
Resource list offers timely, practical help for moms
12 full-color Keepsake Pages
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▼▲Elisa Morgan is President Emerita of MOPS International, Inc., based in Denver, Colorado. She is the author, editor, or coauthor of numerous books, including Twinkle, Naked Fruit; Mom, You Make a Difference! Moms Devotional Bible; What Every Mom Needs; What Every Child Needs; and Real Moms. Elisa has two children, and a grandchild, and lives with her husband, Evan, in Centennial , Colorado.
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mickie5 Stars Out Of 5awesome bibleApril 8, 2016mickieQuality: 0Value: 0Meets Expectations: 0This review was written for NIV Mom's Devotional Bible Compact, Italian Duo-Tone, Turquoise/Teal.love this bible. thank you so much.
Anonymous5 Stars Out Of 5All-new, updated classic!February 12, 2013AnonymousQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5What a privilege it has been to work on this Bible for moms of all ages! And how I prayed over all the devotionals and internal material as God helped me create them. No mom should mother alone. Dive into God's Word in this unique format, and watch him meet your needs day and night. Because mothering matters. And better moms make a better world. Love to you, Elisa
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Best Wishes appreciation blog
To be honest, I didn't think I was going to enjoy this episode as it is significantly different to what we have experienced recently. However, I am pleased to say that I was pleasantly surprised and I really liked it.
The story was very simple and Nanette was a character with fantastic comedy value, especially when she threw her pokeball. It was nice to see Professor Juniper again and on top of that we saw our good friend Oak too. We also saw Juniper's father, Cedric, where he explained the gang's next journey and I am very excited to see how it pans out but there is only one stand out moment in this episode and that was Team Rocket. It was so good to see them back to their old selves which I have missed for so long but as people have mentioned before, they have held on to some of their more serious persona. Not only that, lots more returned including the Meowth Balloon and the Kanto motto (Almost). However, my only negative comment and I don't know if anybody else thought the same way but I was hoping that Seviper, Carnivine and co would return but instead we have Frillish and Amoonguss which were interesting to say the least.
Anyway, good episode, good to see old Team Rocket back and I look forward to how this new adventure develops. Onto the next one!
Loves every part of pokemon, loves the movies, the anime and every game, so you could call me fan lol.
Apparently i'm a...
Favourite Pokemon: but i like them all
I liked this episode
Wasn't amazing but I did enjoy it
I loved seeing unfezant in action she's so strong now
Nanette was a nice character to see and throwing her pokeball was priceless
I had 1 problem
Jessie and james' new pokemon
I love that they got new pokemon and ones that suit them so well
But amoongus I would like to be attached to James, the usual
And I also wanted to see them catch them!
It seems like writers are getting so lazy now
With Jessie and James just having new pokemon out of nowhere and ash's special training with levanny and palpitoad for example
These could make great fillers instead of them just saying it happened
White2 Friend code: 0519-7592-3571
X Friend code: 0216-1851-5361
My safari: FIRE, slugma,growlith,ninetales
I'm glad the dub is already back to making Team Rocket rhyme. Seems like they're transitioning back to comedy faster than in Japanese.
Ugh Team Rocket rhyming in the dub, I just couldnt take them serious. The way they were wrote throughout the episode seemed so different to the Japanese version. I hope that come the Plasma episodes their serious nature is more present in the dub.
Friend Code for Pokemon Y: 1521-2881-0277 PM me if you want to battle or trade
Nearly unaware about Prof. Oak's voice change. xD He always sound the same to me, but something was completely different about him in this episode.
I knew PUSA/TCPi got new actors, but Prof. Oak doesn't appear so often, so it's hard to judge. This is also me who hasn't looked up his voice actor in awhile.
Yeah, he did. It sounded very awkward. Apart from that I thought James' VA did the motto just fine. I actually had more of a problem with Jessie's VA. Her voice wasn't bad or anything, I just thought she sounded weird reciting a 4kids motto that only appeared in like one Sinnoh episode. This is quite odd considering I thought Jessie's voice changed less than James' when they made the switch. O.o
Junifer with a spanker.. epic! don't you think?
Yeah i doubt a oshawott can squrt enogh water to put a room underwater.
I muted the tepig tunderbolt part.
at last! were getting somewhere with Cherin.
N appears.
The show was pretty good.
This was a decent episode. Nanette was irritating at first, but she certainly redeemed herself a bit fighting Team Rocket. Speaking of TR, it was a delight to hear that old TR motto again after so long.
My First Ever Level 100 Team:
My Current Level 100 Team: ;635; ;598;70% of the Serebii population uses ultra powerful legendaries(also known as ubers) in their teams.
If you are one of the 30% that thinks outside the box
and doesn't use ubers, copy and paste this into your signature! (^started by SapphireL!)
Haha, I really like this episode its pretty funny! Now Ash, Iris and Cilan are going back to Professor Juniper's lab!
So I thought Nanette is really funny, lol! I also like Ash teaching her not to be scared of everything and all about battling, by having a tag battle with her against Iris and Cilan but its too bad it gets interrupted by Team Rocket returning again.. :/
Oh, it looks like Team Rocket got new Pokemon and the Meowth Balloon returns! Also, it seems like they're after Pikachu and acting a little more silly but are finally blasting off again! So anyway, Ash, Iris and Cilan set off by ship to visit the White Ruins located near Dragonspiral Tower to see Reshiram there!! :O
Well, after it looks like N appears walking down on another port's stairs! Anyway, I found this episode funny but now I'm really looking forward to the next episode!
Amourshipping Ash x Serena forever love!~ <3
I couldn't stomach the dub...we seriously need a new script writer.
I, stickerstaryoshi, am now authorized to use the usertitle "We got 3D: XY!", created by user Cresselia92 and to modify it according to my desires.
Fan of the Mario and Luigi series since 2005.
Oh yeah, I forgot to say Team Rocket saying their first motto is really cool too! Its 'cause I always like their mottos.. XD So anyway, it seems like they're going back to their previous ways of acting silly and with plans of catching Pikachu again, huh?
Amourshipping Ash x Serena forever love!~ <3
It would be interesting if Annette ended up being one of Ash's rivals in the next series tbh
There's a tyrant king with a reptile heart
And he's started a wave of crime now
From his ship high above he abducted my love
For the fourteenth or fifteenth time now
Ugh terrible episode, TR doing their same old shtick, annoying character Nanette, and the writer's forgetting that Iris and Cilan were actually present. If this is how we start the "N arc" then I have no faith that were going to get anything competent, cause at this point the writer's have obviously given up and just putting out crap just to get paid.
My Grandmother always said...
"She who walks the path of heaven will rule over everything"
Mana (4914-3452-1470) (X)
Elsa (ORAS)
Gyarados, Octillary, and Azumarill
"I despise earth-dwellers. Self-centered, emotional... But when they need something, it's 'Oh dear seraphim, heed my prayer!' Heed this, morons."
Wii U: AuraGuyChris
Youtube Channel - Xenoblade Chronicles - Walkthrough
Not looking forward to the upcoming mind control arc at all...
DON'T LET OTHERS DEFINE YOU!YOU DEFINE YOURSELF!!Nintendo Network ID: Marbi-Z3DS Friend Code: 4596-9457-8718Platinum Team:Heartgold Team:White Team:White 2 Team:Alternates:I Love LOPUNNY and I Love GARDEVOIR too!Wanna battle and/or exchange 3DS Friend Codes?PM or VM me!
My Grandmother always said...
"She who walks the path of heaven will rule over everything"
Mana (4914-3452-1470) (X)
Elsa (ORAS)
Gyarados, Octillary, and Azumarill
The episode started lousy with Nanette's fear of a very sturdy brick bridge with walls, but ended awesome with N finally showing up!
Ash being a helpful mentor figure? Who knew.
Someone on Bulbagarden told me that this was the first episode with Zagnit and Zoppi together. Interesting how both of Oak's English VAs were in this one.


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Quote:I think "centerlock" is nikyo...?Sankyo is a vertical wrist twist (kote hineri).
Quote:BTW, what's wrong with throwing someone in confined spaces? You can always "throw" but not let go...
Quote:....transitioning from that to a rear, knifehand elbow lock, then with my free hand either applying a choke or collar grap. It's a very painful place for them and a powerful position for me. Lots of options from there.
Quote:Sorry....I apologize if it came across as a lesson.
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I understand your guys point but.... We can't win a superbowl with this team but we are close to being an elite team imo ... but we need a couple pieces ...why not go get the pieces and roll the dice
First, I would take Smith in a heartbeat for one of our 3rds or a 4th. Adds another dimension to this offense. Jackson, no thanks. Bush, Thomas and Miller are good enough for me. Not enough carries for everyone and Bush is still our main RB.
As for the Colts, I was always a Peyton Manning fan, thus the Colts were always my second favorite team. They will always be my second favorite team. But this game will come down to our D line getting pressure on Luck to make him hurry his throws and make mistakes. Kid is a legit QB in this league already, so we can't just go in there and think we will dominate Luck. Now, dominating the rest of the team . . . that's a huge possibility.
The Colts O-line is not good at all and the whole D-line should have a field day with them. I really think that a four man rush will disrupt Luck enough all game, then when you mix in some blitzes . . . good day! we just have to hope that Smith can contain Wayne and Burnett/Dansby can cover Fleener. Donald Brown is nothing to worry about . . . we will stuff the run with ease.
I think that they will load the box to stop our run game, so I don't think Bush/Thomas will run wild on them. I hope Tanny can play, but if not, I am confident in Moore doing adequate job to win. Fasano will be huge this game if Moore plays. Moore is in love with Fasano on the field.
Phins 24
Colts 17
Who would have thought that this game would have serious playoff implications? This is going to be a fun game. Our stud qb vs your stud qb. Too bad Vontae is out
When you put Peyton and Big Ben together, you get Andrew Luck. He has the cerebralness of Peyton and the grit of Ben. - Bruce Arians on Andrew Luck
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Unfortunately, Tannehill may not be healthy enough to play. I was looking forward to the Tanny vs. Luck matchup since the beginning of the season, hopefully he plays. This is going to be a very good game, maybe it will turn into a marquee matchup in the future where Tannehill and Luck become playoff rivals like Manning and Brady. Best of luck on Sunday...
Tired of saying this, but Bush has to have a big game. He needs to start having big games again.
I'd say yes, but only if he's cheap, and he likely won't be. Pick up a cheaper FA or draft another RB late or give Thigpen more opportunities.
I wonder what our special teams has cooking up. It's exciting to finally have a coaching staff that can find weaknesses in teams in all 3 aspects of football.
Our special teams has been MVP the last 2 games IMO. This past week, they had the blocked punt for a td, a blocked fg, and an onside kick.
The game before they had that fake punt for a run to help run the clock out on 4th down.
And fields has just been incredible.
Tannehill is also taking first team reps, is limited.
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text:
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation in Acute Lung Injury
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
- Full Text View
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- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The purpose of this study is to compare airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) to conventional mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) to determine if APRV can reduce agitation, delirium, and requirements for sedative medications. We will also compare markers of inflammation in the blood and lung to determine if APRV reduces ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), compared to conventional mechanical ventilation.
The proposed study is a randomized, crossover trial. We plan to enroll 40 patients with ALI and randomize to APRV or conventional MV for 24 hours. After this time the patients will be switched to the alternative mode of ventilation (MV or APRV) for another 24 hours. To assess breathing comfort, at the end of each 24-hour period we will measure the amounts of sedative and analgesic medications used. We will also measure the concentrations of markers of inflammation in the blood and lung as measures of VILI. Finally, throughout the study we will compare the adequacy of gas exchange with APRV compared to conventional MV.
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
Acute Lung Injury Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mechanical Ventilation |
Device: APRV Device: Conventional MV |
Phase 3 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | Airway Pressure Release Ventilation in Acute Lung Injury |
- Amount of sedatives used [ Time Frame: 48 hours ]
- Cytokine levels in the blood and lungs [ Time Frame: 48 hours ]
Estimated Enrollment: | 40 |
Study Start Date: | July 2008 |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | July 2010 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | July 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
Experimental: APRV
Patients will be randomized to either arm. After 24 hours they will crossover to the alternative arm of the study for an additional 24 hours. After a total of 48 hours (24 hours in each study arm) the study will conclude.
Device: APRV
APRV Protocol
Other Names:
Active Comparator: Conventional MV
Patients will be randomized to either arm. After 24 hours they will crossover to the alternative arm of the study for an additional 24 hours. After a total of 48 hours (24 hours in each study arm) the study will conclude.
Device: Conventional MV
Low tidal-volume mechanical ventilation
Other Names:
Detailed Description:
Acute respiratory failure is common in patients with acute lung injury. MV re-establishes adequate gas exchange; it allows time for administration of antibiotics, for the host's immune system to fight infections, and for natural healing. Approximately 60% of ALI patients survive to hospital discharge (1). However, conventional approaches to MV in ALI frequently cause dysynchrony between a patient's spontaneous respiratory efforts and the ventilator's respiratory cycle (2;3). Dysynchrony causes discomfort, anxiety, and agitation. To manage dysynchrony, physicians frequently prescribe large doses of sedative and analgesic medications. These medications contribute to delirium and sleep deprivation during the critical illness, and may delay weaning from MV and discharge from the intensive care unit (2;4). They may also contribute significantly to neuromuscular and neurocognitive sequelae after recovery from ALI (5;6). Moreover, MV may itself cause additional lung injury (ventilator-induced lung injury, VILI) which could, paradoxically, delay or prevent recovery from respiratory failure in some ALI patients (7;9).
Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a mode of MV that is designed to reduce patient-ventilator dysynchrony and VILI. It differs from most other modes of MV in that it allows patients to breathe spontaneously at any time, independent of the ventilator's cycle. This feature may improve breathing comfort by minimizing patient-ventilator dysynchrony. Improving comfort and reducing agitation may ultimately curtail the use of sedative and analgesic medications. Since a substantial proportion of ventilation results from the patient's spontaneous efforts independent of the ventilator cycle, the frequency of mechanically assisted breaths can be reduced. This may reduce VILI from the cyclic opening-closing of alveoli and small bronchioles that results from assisted MV breaths. Another feature of APRV that distinguishes it from other modes of MV is that it applies a sustained high pressure during inspiration and a brief period of lower pressure during exhalation. This approach may maximize and maintain alveolar recruitment throughout the ventilatory cycle while limiting high airway pressures, thus further reducing VILI. Moreover, spontaneous contractions of the diaphragm during APRV may open dependent atelectatic lung regions, improving ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) matching and gas exchange. However, these potential advantages of APRV are unproven.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Senior) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
Acute onset of:
- PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 300
- Bilateral infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema on frontal chest radiograph. The infiltrates may be patchy, diffuse, homogeneous, or asymmetric
- Requirement for positive pressure ventilation via endotracheal tube, and
- No clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension.
- Receiving conventional MV, or LPV, in the AC mode with PEEP > 5 cm H2O Criteria 1-3 must occur within a 24-hour period. "Acute onset" is defined as follows: the duration of the hypoxemia criterion (#1) and the chest radiograph criterion (#2) must be < 7 days at the time of randomization.
Exclusion Criteria:
- FiO2 > 70% or PaO2/FiO2 < 125 or arterial pH < 7.25
- Greater than 6 days since all inclusion criteria are met
- Anticipated to begin weaning from MV within 48 hours
- Neuromuscular disease that prevents the ability to generate spontaneous tidal volumes.
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 15 within 1 week of intubation
- Acute stroke (vascular occlusion or hemorrhage)
- Current alcoholism or previous daily use of opioids or benzodiazepines before hospitalization
- Acute meningitis or encephalitis
- Pregnancy (negative pregnancy test required for women of child-bearing potential) or breast-feeding.
- Severe chronic respiratory disease
- Previous barotraumas during the current hospitalization
- Clinical evidence of bronchoconstriction on bedside examination (i.e., wheezing).
- Patient, surrogate, or physician not committed to full support
- Severe chronic liver disease (Child-Pugh Score B or C)
- Platelet level < 50,000
- Mean arterial pressure < 65, or patient receiving intravenous vasopressors (any dose of epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, or dopamine > 5 mcg/kg/min)
- Age < 16 years old
- Morbid obesity (greater than 1kg/cm body weight).
- No consent/inability to obtain consent
- Unwillingness of the clinical team to use conventional low tidal-volume protocol for MV.
- Moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hours.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00750204
Contact: Roy G Brower, M.D. | 410-955-3467 | firstname.lastname@example.com | |
Contact: Martin F Britos, M.D. | 410-955-3467 | email@example.com |
United States, Maryland | |
Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Intensive Care Unit | Recruiting |
Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205 |
Principal Investigator: | Roy G Brower, M.D. | Johns Hopkins University |
Responsible Party: | Roy G. Brower, M.D./Principal Investigator, Johns Hopkins University |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00750204 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
Study First Received: | September 9, 2008 |
Last Updated: | September 9, 2008 |
Keywords provided by Johns Hopkins University:
Acute Lung Injury ALI Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS Mechanical Ventilation Sedation Critical Illness Ventilator Induced Lung Injury |
VILI Cytokines Protective Ventilation Airway Pressure Release Ventilation APRV Breathing Comfort Dyssynchrony Asynchrony |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Wounds and Injuries Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult Acute Lung Injury Lung Injury Lung Diseases |
Respiratory Tract Diseases Respiration Disorders Infant, Premature, Diseases Infant, Newborn, Diseases Thoracic Injuries |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 30, 2017


text: The Heaviest Portable This Generation Is...Brian Ashcraft10/29/09 6:30amFiled to: NintendoDsi llPSPDS LiteDSICulture96EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Get out your scales, people! Advertisement Below is a list of the handhelds released this generation and their weights:158g - PSPgo 189g - PSP-2000 189g - PSP-3000 214g - DSi 218g - DS Lite 275g - Nintendo DS 280g - PSP-1000 314g - DSi LL Advertisement When Nintendo dubbed the new DSi, it wasn't kidding! In Japanese clothing sizes, "LL" is extra large.[Pic]Reply96 repliesLeave a reply


text:
Larry David Humbly Reflects on Most Recent Home Run Episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm
August 23, 2011 – 7:45 am by Michael BeanIf you have any pop-culture acumen whatsoever (and I say that as someone who's not exactly up to snuff on every last TV show, movie or music artist that has garnered 15 minutes of fame in recent years), you surely know that sports are a big part of Seinfeld and Curb Your Enthusiasm. Larry David, the creator of the smash sensation Seinfeld who parlayed his popularity and fame into an equally fruitful franchise in Curb Your Enthusiasm, loves sports. It's as simple as that. And for two shows that are admittedly about not much more than the everyday trivialities of life, you better believe that David's most fundamental interests and passions will be on full display. Hence Costanza working for the Yankees; hence the frequent golf outings and excursions on Curb.
Well, David probably hit his biggest home run this past Sunday night in the most recent episode of season eight of Curb Your Enthusiasm. For the first 10-plus minutes, the viewer is lulled into believing that the 30 minute show will be exclusively about Larry and Rosie O'Donnell's competition for the same bisexual woman. (Any tiff between Larry and Rosie is always entertaining, so had this been the only premise of the episode, that would have been just fine). But this particular encounter between David and O'Donnell is particularly noteworthy because of how the episode quickly but effectively works in subtle yet glaring commentary on steroids in baseball. In other words, without spoiling the episode entirely, Larry is found guilty of 'juicing' in the competition between he and Rosie for the affection of a prized bisexual woman that both desire.
Here's a clip from the episode. At just under 1:30 minutes, we feel it's fair use, but regardless, the point of sharing is to encourage you to start watching the series regularly anyway.
David joined ESPN Radio New York with Mike Lupica to talk about Sunday night's hysterical episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm, how episodes occasionally come together perfectly like on Sunday, how brilliant writing like that comes together, his character's decision to start taking Viagra (aka 'juicing') in the first place, whether he plans to bring the show back for a ninth season next year, the show's ratings being up 25 percent, why he thinks the show is being so well-received this season if he had to guess, struggling to keep a straight face through filming because of how much fun he and the rest of the cast is having on the show, all sorts of golf commentary (namely shooting a 50 on the back 9 recently after shooting even par 35 on the front), and some back-and-forth about his beloved Yankees and other sports topics over the course of a long, entertaining 20-minute interview.
On the hysterical finale to Sunday night's episode of Curb:
"I don't even know. The show is put together like a big jigsaw puzzle, and sometimes these endings just pop up. Thank God it did."
On his initial decision to start 'juicing' in the competition for the bisexual that he and Rosie O'Donnell are both interested in:
"Because I don't feel like I could match the lesbian performance-wise. I feel they've got a big advantage over me."
On when he gets caught by O'Donnell and finally fesses up to 'juicing':
"And also earlier in the show at the softball game when I came up to bat and Rosie accused me of juicing, I looked at her and wagged my finger like Rafael Palmeiro, and I said "I have never taken performance enhancing drugs; no, no, no, no, no!'"
Whether he plans to do a ninth season after the wildly successful start to this season:
"I haven't decided yet.
But the ratings are way up, no?
"The ratings are up 25 percent."
What he feels is most responsible for the wildly successful response the media and viewers have had to this year's season of Curb so far:
"I don't know. If I could point to one thing it's probably that we don't have a story arc this year, that all the shows are sort of independent except for going to New York — that's really the only little story we have going this season. But other than that, that's it."
On how much fun the cast seems to be having this year with the show:
"Well I've always had fun doing the show, and I guess that's why I keep doing it after eight years. But yeah, it's hard for me to do a take without laughing really."
Listen here to Larry David with Mike Lupica on ESPN Radio New York
Tags: 'Juicing' episode Curb Your Enthusiasm, Curb Season 8, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Larry David, Larry David viagra episode, Rosie O'Donnell


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Mohammed Morsi faces conspiracy, espionage charges in Egypt
Cairo, Dec 19 - Former Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi and 34 other Islamists will stand trial on charges of conspiracy in the country.
Public prosecutors have charged Morsi for conspiring with foreign organisations to commit terrorist acts in Egypt, and divulging military secrets to a foreign state.
In a statement, the prosecutor said Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood had committed acts of violence and terrorism in Egypt, news24 reports.
The new charges carry death penalty.
He added that Morsi had even prepared a 'terrorist plan' that included an alliance with the Palestinian group Hamas and Lebanon's Hezbollah.
Morsi is already standing trial for inciting violence during protests outside the presidential palace a year ago when he was still in office.
He was deposed in July by the army following mass protests against his rule.(ANI)
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It's that time of year, when the football recruiting season is in full gear and 2012 prospects draw even more focus than normal. Many of these young men visited campuses during spring football practices, and right now they're seeing coaches show up at their schools during this current evaluation period. Summer camps aren't far off, and prospects who haven't committed are drawing closer to a decision.
Rivals.com has released its annual list of the nation's top 250 recruits – the aptly named Rivals250 – and so I looked to see where MSU stands among members of that particular group. I received some very helpful insight from Rivals recruiting guru Paul Jones, so let's take a closer look at how much of a player the Bulldogs are with some of the country's best high schoolers.
Three Mississippians made the Rivals250, and MSU has extended an offer to all of them. Several other members of this elite group have gotten offers from State, but of course not all are seriously considering coming to Starkville. Paul helped me weed through it all and come up with a list of players who Dan Mullen has at least a decent shot of landing.
First, the in-state guys:
• QB Anthony Alford, Petal (No. 105) – Playing in U.S. Army All-American Bowl.
• DE Channing Ward, Aberdeen (No. 120) – Was named 2010 Daily Journal Defensive Player of the Year.
• DT Quay Evans, Morton (No. 169) – Scout.com ranks him as the top prospect in the state.
Now for some out-of-state guys for you to keep an eye on:
• RB Brian Kimbrow, Memphis (No. 80) – Only top-100 prospect showing serious interest in MSU.
• WR Drae Bowles, Jackson, Tenn. (No. 109) – Holds offers from six SEC schools.
• DE Dalvin Tomlinson, McDonough, Ga. (No. 129) – Made unofficial MSU visit this spring.
• RB Jovon Robinson, Memphis (No. 132) – Coming to MSU camp this summer.
• QB Chad Voytik, Cleveland, Tenn. (No. 153) – Told Rivals in April that his top three are MSU, Pitt and Vandy.
While these recruiting guys are good at what they do, the Rivals250 is obviously open for debate. Perhaps Evans should be higher. Perhaps Alford is too high. Perhaps Ward should be in the top 100.
It's all good fun, but such a list gives us a good idea of who to watch, especially those in-state guys. Y'all know how much Mullen values winning the in-state recruiting war, and no matter their ranking, the three listed above would be huge catches for MSU.
Mullen currently has two commitments, by the way: OL Devon Desper (Madison) and RB Deonte Evans (McComb). It's going to be interesting to see who else gives a pledge this summer.