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Work-life balance
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Industrial & Organisational : Introduction : Personnel : Organizational psychology : Occupations: Work environment: Index : Outline
Work-life balance is a person's control over the conditions in their workplace. It is accomplished when an individual feels dually satisfied about their personal life and their paid occupation. It mutually benefits the individual, business and society when a person's personal life is balanced with his or her own job.
The work-life balance strategy offers a variety of means to reduce stress levels and increase job satisfaction in the employee while enhancing business benefits for the employer. In our increasingly hectic world, the work-life strategy seeks to find a balance between work and play.
A sentence that brings the idea of work life balance to the point is: "Work to live. Don't live to work."
It is still up to discussion though, if a harsh separation between "work" and "life" is a perfect solution. One may argue that work is very much a part of life. Finding the right job, that is fun to do, might be the more important part in removing possible causes of stress.
The work-leisure dichotomy was invented in the mid 1800s.[1][2] Paul Krassner remarked that anthropologists, use a definition of happiness that is to have as little separation as possible "between your work and your play."[3][4] The expression "Work–life balance" was first used in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s to describe the balance between an individual's work and personal life.[5] In the United States, this phrase was first used in 1986.
Most recently, there has been a shift in the workplace as a result of advances in technology. As Bowswell and Olson-Buchanan stated, "increasingly sophisticated and affordable technologies have made it more feasible for employees to keep contact with work." Employees have many methods, such as emails, computers and cell phones, which enable them to accomplish their work beyond the physical boundaries of their office. Employees may respond to an email or a voice mail after-hours or during the weekend, typically while not officially "on the job." Researchers have found that employees who consider their work roles to be an important component of their identities will be more likely to apply these communication technologies to work while in their non-work domain.[6]
Some theorists suggest that this blurred boundary of work and life is a result of technological control. Technological control "emerges from the physical technology of an organization" [7] . In other words, companies use email and distribute smart phones to enable and encourage their employees to stay connected to the business even when they are not in the real office. This type of control, as Barker argues, replaces the more direct, authoritarian control, or simple control, such as managers and bosses. As a result, communication technologies in the temporal and structural aspects of work have changed, defining a "new workplace" in which employees are more connected to the jobs beyond the boundaries of the traditional workday and workplace.[8] The more this boundary is blurred, the higher work-to-life conflict is self-reported by employees [6]
Many authors believe that parents being affected by work-life conflict will either reduce the number of hours one works where other authors suggest that a parent may run away from family life or work more hours at a workplace.[9] This implies that each individual views work-life conflict differently.
Employee assistance professionals say there are many causes for this situation ranging from personal ambition and the pressure of family obligations to the accelerating pace of technology.[1]. According to a recent study for the Center for Work-Life Policy, 1.7 million people consider their jobs and their work hours excessive because of globalization.
These difficult and exhausting conditions are having adverse effects. According to the study, fifty percent of top corporate executives are leaving their current positions. Although sixty-four percent of workers feel that their work pressures are "self-inflicted", they state that it is taking a toll on them. The study shows that seventy percent of US respondents and eighty-one percent of global respondents say their jobs are affecting their health.
Between forty-six and fifty-nine percent of workers feel that stress is affecting their interpersonal and sexual relationships. Additionally, men feel that there is a certain stigma associated with saying "I can't do this".
Causes of stress in the workplaceEdit
According to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (NIOSH), "stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources or needs of the worker." Job stress can result from several different characteristics of a person's work. The NIOSH offers in great detail conditions in the workforce that create job stress.[2]
- Foremost, the type of tasks an employee is engaging in can create job stress. For example, hectic and routine tasks have little inherent meaning and offer little sense of control for the employee. Heavy workloads, long work hours and infrequent rest breaks also create stress.[3]
- Secondly, a lack of support or help from supervisors and coworkers creates a poor social environment and consequently, greater job stress. Physical isolation also reduces an employee's ability to interact with others, thus diminishing a person's ability to receive help.[4]
- In addition, if an employee has little input in decision making processes and the job environment lacks communication between the employer and the employee, an individual is more likely to experience job stress. An absence of family-friendly policies also affects an employee's job satisfaction.[5]
- A person's individual role in a business can also create stress if their job expectations are unclear or they have too much responsibility. It might be difficult to satisfy the customer's needs and the company's expectations simultaneously.
- Additionally, if an employee feels there is a lack of opportunity for growth or promotion, job stress might result from their inability to advance in the workforce. Their job insecurity translates into job stress.[6]
- The physical conditions of an individual's job can also create job stress. For example, crowded, noisy or polluted locations are unpleasant and dangerous conditions that would most likely lead to job stress.[7]
Stress and work-life balanceEdit
The number of stress-related disability claims by American employees has doubledTemplate:When according to the Employee Assistance Professionals Association in Arlington, Virginia. Seventy-five to ninety percent of physician visits are related to stress and, according to the American Institute of Stress, the cost to industry has been estimated at $200 billion-$300 billion a year.[8]
Steven L. Sauter, chief of the Applied Psychology and Ergonomics Branch of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in Cincinnati, Ohio, states that recent studies show that "the workplace has become the single greatest source of stress".[9] Michael Feuerstein, professor of clinical psychology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences at Bethesda Naval Hospital states, "We're seeing a greater increase in work-related neuroskeletal disorders from a combination of stress and ergonomic stressors".[10]
It is clear that problems caused by stress have become a major concern to both employers and employees. Symptoms of stress are manifested both physiologically and psychologically. Persistent stress can result in cardiovascular disease, sexual health problems, a weaker immune system and frequent headaches, stiff muscles, or backache. It can also result in poor coping skills, irritability, jumpiness, insecurity, exhaustion, and difficulty concentrating. Stress may also perpetuate or lead to binge eating, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
According to James Campbell Quick, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of Texas-Arlington, "The average tenure of presidents at land-grant universities in the past ten years has dropped from approximately seven to three-and-a-half years".[11]
The feeling that simply working hard is not enough anymore is acknowledged by many other American workers. "To get ahead, a seventy-hour work week is the new standard. What little time is left is often divvied up among relationships, kids, and sleep." [12] This increase in work hours over the past two decades means that less time will be spent with family, friends, and community as well as pursuing activities that one enjoys and taking the time to grow personally and spiritually.[citation needed]
Texas Quick, an expert witness at trials of companies who were accused of overworking their employees, states that "when people get worked beyond their capacity, companies pay the price." [13] Although some employers believe that workers should reduce their own stress by simplifying their lives and making a better effort to care for their health, most experts feel that the chief responsibility for reducing stress should be management.
According to Esther M. Orioli, president of Essi Systems, a stress management consulting firm, "Traditional stress-management programs placed the responsibility of reducing stress on the individual rather than on the organization-where it belongs. No matter how healthy individual employees are when they start out, if they work in a dysfunctional system, they'll burn out." [14]
Job stress and healthEdit
The Encyclopedia of Occupational Safety and Health [15] has sited many health risks associated with job stress (medicine). Studies have shown that psychologically demanding jobs put employees at greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Research done by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health show that greater job stress puts employees at greater risk for developing back and upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders.
Psychological disorders (see mental illness)are also more prevalent amongst employees with greater job stress levels. Stressful working conditions also contribute to unsafe work practices.
Work statisticsEdit
According to a survey conducted by the National Life Insurance Company, four out of ten employees state that their jobs are "very" or "extremely" stressful.[16] Those in high-stress jobs are three times more likely than others to suffer from stress-related medical conditions and are twice as likely to quit. The study states that women, in particular, report stress related to the conflict between work and family.
In the study, Work-Family Spillover and Daily Reports of Work and Family Stress in the Adult Labor Force , researchers found that with an increased amount of negative spillover from work to family, the likelihood of reporting stress within the family increased by 74%, and with an increased amount of negative spillover from family to work the likelihood to report stress felt at work increased by 47%.[10] This illustrates that those who are experiencing stress that has spilled over from work to family are more than likely to report feeling stress related to their family. Also, those who feel stress that has spilled over from their family into their work, almost half were likely to feel stress when they were at work.
Employee benefits in the United States –MARCH 2011 Paid leave benefits continued to be the most widely available benefit offered by employers, with paid vacations available to 91 percent of full-time workers in private industry in March 2011, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Access to these benefits, however, varied by employee and establishment characteristics. In private industry, paid vacation benefits were available to only 37 percent of part-time workers. Paid sick leave was available to 75 percent of full-time workers and 27 percent of part-time workers. Paid vacations were available to 90 percent of workers earning wages in the highest 10th percent of private industry employees and only to 38 percent of workers in the lowest 10 percent of private industry wage earners. Access to paid sick leave benefits ranged from 21 percent for the lowest wage category to 87 percent for the highest wage category. These data are from the National Compensation Survey (NCS), which provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost trends and incidence and provisions of employee benefit plans. <refhttp://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/ebs2.pdfref> u.s labor statistics
Work-life practice guidelinesEdit
For companiesEdit
There are a variety of tried and tested components to the work-life strategy. Foremost is providing flexible working hours for the employees by the employers. Options should be given to the employees such as having a compressed work week or job sharing. A compressed work week involves working full-time hours in four days in order to provide a longer weekend and more time for leisure activities. Job sharing involves two people splitting one job so adequate support is given to each employee and the responsibilities are balanced. Working at home can also provide a more comfortable and convenient work environment.[17]
Another element of the work life balance strategy is to have the company review the work-life balance of their employees on a regular balance. Employers can provide individual development plans for employees or mentoring by colleagues in order to monitor progress and satisfaction in the workforce. Guidelines to handle problems should also be established so business and personal needs can be met.[18]
Adequate leave options should also be provided to the employees. In addition to holiday leave, parental leave and time off for dependants and maternity leave, leave should be provided for new fathers or additional schooling. Employees can also be assisted by their employer if they provide information on local care providers, local day care centers or loans to help pay for eldercare. These assistances would help ease the stress of home life.[19]
For employeesEdit
Individuals seeking to improve their own work-life balance may:
- Choose to work less hours, spending more time with their family.
- Take on a different job role or title, typically with less pressure/responsibility and often for less monetary reward.
- Decide to give up working entirely, possibly becoming a Stay at Home Mum / Dad.
- Work less, but at the same time take lifestyle choices that mean they actually require less money for their lifestyle, possibly adopting a less consumerist approach. An example of this is someone who works very hard to be able to afford expensive holidays deemed necessary by them to escape the pressures of their job, but were the holiday not so expensive they could possibly work less.
The above steps and more are sometimes referred to as "Escaping the Rat Race"
Business benefitsEdit
Satisfied employees contribute to greater business benefits for the employer. Foremost, businesses would experience an increase in productivity. Happy employees perform better than disgruntled and stressed ones. Businesses would also see improved recruitment and staff retention. Additionally, there would be lower rates of absenteeism and improved customer service. Overall, there would exist a more motivated, satisfied and equitable workforce.[20]
Formation of the "ideal worker" and gender differencesEdit
Work-life conflict is not gender-specific. According to the Center for American Progress, 90 percent of working mothers and 95 percent of working fathers report work-family conflict.[11] However, because of the social norms surrounding each gender role, and how the organization views its ideal worker, men and women handle the work-life balance differently. Organizations play a large part in how their employees deal with work-life balance. Some companies have taken proactive measures in providing programs and initiatives to help their employees cope with work-life balance (see: Responsibility of the employer).
Yet, the root of the work-life conflict may come from the organizational norms and ideologies. As a macro structure, the organization maintains the locus of power. Organizations, through its structure, practices, symbols and discourse, create and reproduce a dominant ideology. The dominant ideology is what drives organizational power and creates organizational norms.
At the top of the organizational hierarchy, the majority of individuals are males, and assumptions can be made regarding their lack of personal experience with the direct and indirect effects of work-family conflict.[11] For one, they may be unmarried and have no thought as to what "normal" family responsibilities entail. On the other hand, the high-level manager may be married, but his wife, due to the demands of the husband's position, has remained at home, tending solely to the house and children. Ironically, these are the individuals creating and reforming workplace policies.[12]
Workplace policies, especially regarding the balance between family/life and work, create an organizational norm in which employees must fall into. This type of organizational behavior, according to Dennis Mumby, "contribut[es] in some ways to the structuring of organizational reality, and hence organizational power." [13]
In other words, the reality of what employees experience, specifically in regards to work-life balance, is a direct result of power operating covertly through ideological controls. This is seen in the ideological norm of the "ideal worker." Many organizations view the ideal worker as one who is "committed to their work above all else".[14] "Ideal workers" are those that demonstrate extra-role behaviors, which are seen as positive attributes.
Alternatively, those who are perceived as having to divide their time (and their commitments) are seen not as dedicated to the organization. As research has shown, a manager's perception of a subordinate's commitment to the organization is positively associated with the individual's promotability. Hoobler et al.'s (2009) findings mirrored the perceived commitment-to-promotabilty likelihood.[15]
Often, these perceptions are placed on the female worker. Managers who perceived their female employees of maintaining high work-family conflict were presumed as not as committed to the organization, therefore not worthy of advancement. This negatively impacts working mothers as they may be "inaccurately perceived to have less commitment to their organizations than their counterparts, their advancement in organizations may be unfairly obstructed".[14]
Working mothers often have to challenge perceptions and stereotypes that evolve as a working woman becomes a working mother. Working mothers are perceived as less competent and less worthy of training than childless women.[16] Another study, focusing on professional jobs, found that mothers were 79 percent less likely to be hired and are typically held to a higher standard of punctuality and performance than childless women.[11] The moment when she becomes a mother, a working woman is held at a completely different norm than her childless colleagues. In the same Cuddy et al. (2004) study, men who became fathers were not perceived as any less competent, and in fact, their perceived warmth increased.[16]
The ways in which corporations have modeled the "ideal worker" does not compliment the family lifestyle, nor does it accommodate it. Long hours and near complete devotion to the profession makes it difficult for working mothers to participate in getting ahead in the workplace.[12] A Fortune article found that among the most powerful women in business (female CEOs, presidents and managing directors of major corporations), 29 percent were childless compared to 90 percent of men who were parents (;[12][17]).
Should a woman seek a position of power within an organization, she must consider the toll on other facets of her life, including hobbies, personal relationships and families. As Jeffrey Pfeffer states: "Time spent on the quest for power and status is time you cannot spend on other things, such as … family…The price seems to be particularly severe for women".[18] Many executive jobs require a substantial amount of overtime, which as a mother, many cannot devote because of family obligations.[12] Consequently, it is nearly impossible for a working mother in a top management position to be the primary caretaker of her child.[12]
Perceptions of work-life balance and gender differencesEdit
This circumstance only increases the work-life balance stress experienced by many women employees.
Research conducted by the Kenexa Research Institute (KRI), a division of Kenexa, evaluated how male and female workers perceive work-life balance and found that women are more positive than men in how they perceive their company's efforts to help them balance work and life responsibilities. The report is based on the analysis of data drawn from a representative sample of 10,000 U.S. workers who were surveyed through WorkTrends, KRI's annual survey of worker opinions.
The results indicated a shift in women's perceptions about work-life balance. In the past, women often found it more difficult to maintain balance due to the competing pressures at work and demands at home. [21]
"The past two decades have witnessed a sharp decline in men's provider role, caused in part by growing female labor participation and in part by the weakening of men's absolute power due to increased rates of unemployment and underemployment" states sociologist Jiping Zuo. She continues on to state that "Women's growing earning power and commitment to the paid workforce together with the stagnation of men's social mobility make some families more financially dependent on women. As a result, the foundations of the male dominance structure have been eroded." [19]
Work-life balance concerns of men and women alikeEdit
Similar discrimination is experienced by men who take time off or reduce working hours for taking care of the family.
For many employees today—both male and female—their lives are becoming more consumed with a host of family and other personal responsibilities and interests. Therefore, in an effort to retain employees, it is increasingly important for organizations to recognize this balance. [22]
Young generation views on work-life balanceEdit
According to Kathleen Gerson, Sociologist, young people "are searching for new ways to define care that do not force them to choose between spending time with their children and earning an income" and " are looking for definition of personal identity that do not pit their own development against creating committed ties to others".[20][21] Young adults believe that parents should get involved and support the children both economically and emotionally, as well as share labor equally. Young people do not believe work-life balance is possible and think it is dangerous to build a life dependent on another when relationships are unpredictable. They are looking for partners to share the house work and family work together.[21][22] Men and women believe that women should have jobs before considering marriage, for better life and to be happy in marriage. Young people do not think their mother's generations were unhappy. They also do not think they were powerless because they were economically dependent.
Identity through workEdit
By working in an organization, employees identify, to some extent, with the organization, as part of a collective group.[23] Organizational values, norms and interests become incorporated in the self-concept as employees increase their identify with the organization. However, employees also identify with their outside roles, or their "true self".[24] Examples of these might be parental/caretaker roles, identifications with certain groups, religious affiliations, align with certain values and morals, mass media etc.
Employee interactions with the organization, through other employees, management, customers, or others, reinforces (or resists) the employee identification with the organization.[24] Simultaneously, the employee must manage their "true self" identification. In other words, identity is "fragmented and constructed" through a number of interactions within and out of the organization; employees don't have just one self.
Most employees identify with not only the organization, but also other facets of their life (family, children, religion, etc.). Sometimes these identities align and sometimes they do not. When identities are in conflict, the sense of a healthy work-life balance may be affected. Organization members must perform identity work so that they align themselves with the area in which they are performing to avoid conflict and any stress as a result.
Today there are many young women who do not want to just stay at home and do house work, but want to have their careers.[21][22] About 64% of mothers whose youngest child was under age six, and 77% of mothers with a youngest child age 6-17 were employed in 2010,[25] indicating that the majority of women with dependent care responsibilities cannot or do not wish to give up careers. While women are increasingly represented in the work force they still face challenges balancing work and home life. Both domestic and market labor compete for time and energy. "For women, the results show that that only time spent in female housework chores has a significant negative effect on wages" (Noonan 1140). Noonan attributes reduced earnings to the time intensive and repetitive chores that are stereotyped as feminine, including cooking, washing dishes, and cleaning laundry. This leaves women with less time to dedicate to paid labor.[26]
Maternity LeaveEdit
Maternity leave is a leave of absence for an expectant or new mother for the birth and care of the baby. This is a very important factor in creating a work-life balance for families, yet in the United States most states do not offer any paid time off, for this important time in ones life. Many mothers are forced to return to work only weeks after having given birth to their children; missing out on important bonding time with their child. At this age, newborn babies and their mother are forming an important bond and the child is learning to trust and count on their parents. Yet, they are often sent to daycare and are now being cared for by a non-family member. According to the US Census, Almost two-thirds of American women (62 percent) with a birth in the last year were in the labor force in 2008 http://www.census.gov/
Some new mothers (and fathers) will take unpaid time off, allowed by the Family and Medical Leave Act. The FMLA entitles eligible employees of covered employers to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons with continuation of group health insurance coverage under the same terms and conditions as if the employee had not taken leave. Eligible employees are entitled to twelve workweeks of leave in a 12-month period for:
- the birth of a child and to care for the newborn child within one year of birth;
- the placement with the employee of a child for adoption or
foster care and to care for the newly placed child within one year of placement; http://www.dol.gov/whd/fmla/ Some states will allow paid time off for maternity leave under the states Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI).
State | TDI Benefit |
California | 55% - 60% of highest quarterly earnings during a
12-month base period up to $959 (2009 |
Hawaii | 58% of average weekly wages up to $510 (2009 |
New Jersey | 66% of average weekly wages up to $524 (2008) |
New York | 50% of weekly wages up to $170 (2008) |
Rhode Island | 4.62% of employees highest calendar quarter
wages in the base year, up to $671, plus dependent allowance of $10 or 7% of weekly benefit for up to 5 dependents (2008) |
At the state level, California was the first state to offer paid family leave benefits for its workers. While the benefits only last for 6 weeks [27] this is the first major step for maternity leave in the United States.New Jersey lawmakers are pushing legislation that would make their state the second state to add this worker benefit. Under one New Jersey proposal, workers who take leave would be paid through the state's temporary disability insurance fund, "augmented by a 0.1 percent charge on workers' weekly wages."[28] Traditionally, many conservatives have opposed paid family leave, but there is a sign that this mindset is beginning to change. Reverend Paul Schenck, a prominent member of the National Pro-Life Action Center recently stated that he would support paid maternity leave on the assumption that it might encourage women to follow through with their pregnancies instead of having abortions. According to Heyman, "Across the political spectrum, people are realizing these policies have an enormous impact on working families. If you look at the most competitive economies in the world, all the others except the U.S. have these policies in place." [28]
The United States is not as workplace family-oriented as many other wealthy countries. According to a study released by Harvard and McGill University researchers in February 2007, workplace policies for families in the U.S. are weaker than those of all high-income countries and even many middle-and low-income countries.
For example, the study notes that the United States is one of only five countries out of 173 that does not guarantee some form of paid maternity leave. (The other countries are Lesotho, Liberia, Swaziland, and Papua New Guinea).[28] Other differences include the fact that fathers are granted paid paternity leave or paid parental leave in sixty-five countries; thirty one of these countries offer at least fourteen weeks of paid leave. The U.S. does not guarantee this to fathers.(survey) Sweden, Denmark and Norway have the highest level of maternity benefits—Sweden provides 68 weeks paid maternity leave, Norway provides 56 weeks paid maternity leave and Denmark provides 52.[29]
Men know that work alone may not provide their lives with meaning. Young men can lose their meaning of life; they want a balance between paid work and personal attachments without being victimized at work.[21] [22] More men are realizing that work is not their only primary source of fulfillment from life. A new study on fatherhood (2010) shows that more men are looking for alternatives to their 40-hour workweek in order to spend more time with their family. Though working less means a smaller paycheck and higher stress levels, men are looking for flexibility just as much as women. However, with an ever-changing society, flexibility is becoming much more apparent. "It seems that some traditional stereotypes are starting to lessen just a bit in terms of who's responsible for care of the children" says human resource specialist Steve Moore. Traditionalism is becoming less frequent due to what's actually practical for each individual family.[30]
Men often face unequal opportunity to family life as they are often expected to be the financial supporter of the family unit, "The masculine ideal of a worker unencumbered by caregiving obligations is built into workplace structures and patterns of reward" (Thorne 2011).[31]
Consequences of an ImbalanceEdit
Mental health is a balancing act that may be affected by four factors: the influence of unfavourable genes, by wounding trauma, by private pressures and most recently by the stress of working.[32] Many people expose themselves unsolicited to the so-called job stress, because the "hard worker" enjoys a very high social recognition. These aspects can be the cause of an imbalance in the areas of life. But there are also other reasons which can lead to such an imbalance.
Remarkable is, for example, the increase in non-occupational activities with obligation character, which include mainly house and garden work, maintenance and support of family members or volunteer activities. All this can contribute to the perception of a chronic lack of time.[33] This time pressure is, amongst others, influenced by their own age, the age and number of children in the household, marital status, the profession and level of employment as well as the income level.[34] The psychological strain, which in turn affects the health, increases due to the strong pressure of time, but also by the complexity of work, growing responsibilities, concern for long-term existential protection and more.[35] The mentioned stresses and strains could lead in the long term to irreversible, physical signs of wear as well as to negative effects on the human cardiovascular and immune systems.[36]
Prominent cultural beliefs that parenthood is the best avenue for a happy fulfilling life may not be justified. In, The Joys of Parenthood Reconsidered, what was found is the opposite, that parents actually suffer worse mental and physical health than childless adults. This is associated with the high costs of parenthood described in the article. Simon states that, "In America we lack institutional supports that would help ease the social and economic burdens associated with parenthood." [37]
Psychoanalysts diagnose uncertainty as the dominant attitude to life in the postmodern society.[38] This uncertainty can be caused by the pressure which is executed from the society to the humans. It is the uncertainty to fail, but also the fear of their own limits, not to achieve something what the society expects, and especially the desire for recognition in all areas of life.[38] In today's society we are in a permanent competition. Appearance, occupation, education of the children - everything is compared to a media staged ideal. Everything should be perfect, because this deep-rooted aversion to all average, the pathological pursue to excellence - these are old traditions.[38] Who ever wants more - on the job, from the partner, from the children, from themselves - will one day be burned out and empty inside. He is then faced with the realization that perfection do not exist.[39] Who is nowadays empty inside and burned out, has in the common language a Burnout. But due to the definitional problems Burnout is till this date no recognized illness.[32] An attempt to define this concept more closely, can be: a condition that get only the passionate, that is certainly not a mental illness but only a grave exhaustion (but, lo and behold, can lead to numerous sick days).[32] It can benefited to the term that it is a disease model which is socially acceptable and also, to some extent, the individual self-esteem stabilizing. This finding in turn facilitates many undetected depressed people, the way to a qualified treatment.[32] According to experts in the field are, in addition to the ultra hard-working and the idealists mainly the perfectionist, the loner, the grim and the thin-skinned, especially endangered of a burnout. All together they usually have a lack of a healthy distance to work.[32]
Another factor is also, that for example decision-makers in government offices and upper echelons are not allowed to show weaknesses or signs of disease etc., because this would immediately lead to doubts of the ability for further responsibility. It should be noted that only 20% of managers (e.g. in Germany) do sports regularly and also only 2% keep regularly preventive medical check-up.[40] In such a position other priorities seem to be set and the time lacks for regular sports. Frightening is that the job has such a high priority, that people waive screening as a sign of weakness. In contrast to that, the burnout syndrome seems to be gaining popularity. There seems nothing to be ashamed to show weaknesses, but quite the opposite: The burnout is part of a successful career like a home for the role model family.[41] Besides that the statement which describes the burnout as a "socially recognized precious version of the depression and despair that lets also at the moment of failure the self-image intact" fits and therefore concludes "Only losers become depressed, burnout against it is a diagnosis for winners, more precisely, for former winners.".[42]
However, it is fact that four out of five Germans complain about too much stress. One in six under 60 swallows at least once a week, a pill for the soul, whether it is against insomnia, depression or just for a bit more drive in the stressful everyday life.[38] The phases of burnout can be described, among other things, first by great ambition, then follows the suppression of failure, isolation and finally, the cynical attitude towards the employer or supervisor. Concerned persons have very often also anxiety disorders and depressions, which are serious mental diseases. Depressions are the predominant causes of the nearly 10,000 suicides that occur alone each year in Germany.[32] The implications of such imbalances can be further measured in figures: In 1993, early retirement due to mental illness still made 15.4 percent of all cases. In 2008, there were already 35.6 percent. Even in the days of illness, the proportion of failures due to mental disorders increased. Statisticians calculated that 41 million absent days in 2008 went to the account of these crises, which led to 3.9 billion euros in lost production costs.[32] For companies it is time to act and support their employees with a healthy work-life-balance.source needed
Responsibility of the employerEdit
Companies have begun to realize how important the work-life balance is to the productivity and creativity of their employees. Research by Kenexa Research Institute in 2007 shows that those employees who were more favorable toward their organization's efforts to support work-life balance also indicated a much lower intent to leave the organization, greater pride in their organization, a willingness to recommend it as a place to work and higher overall job satisfaction.
Employers can offer a range of different programs and initiatives, such as flexible working arrangements in the form of part-time, casual and telecommuting work. More proactive employers can provide compulsory leave, strict maximum hours and foster an environment that encourages employees not to continue working after hours.
It is generally only highly skilled workers that can enjoy such benefits as written in their contracts, although many professional fields would not go so far as to discourage workaholic behaviour. Unskilled workers will almost always have to rely on bare minimum legal requirements. The legal requirements are low in many countries, in particular, the United States. In contrast, the European Union has gone quite far in assuring a legal work-life balance framework, for example pertaining to parental leave and the non-discrimination of part-time workers.
According to Stewart Friedman -- professor of Management and founding director of the Wharton School's Leadership Program and of its Work/Life Integration Project—a "one size fits all" mentality in human resources management often perpetuates frustration among employees. "[It's not an] uncommon problem in many HR areas where, for the sake of equality, there's a standard policy that is implemented in a way that's universally applicable -- [even though] everyone's life is different and everyone needs different things in terms of how to integrate the different pieces. It's got to be customized." [43]
Friedman's research indicates that the solution lies in approaching the components of work, home, community, and self as a comprehensive system. Instead of taking a zero-sum approach, Friedman's Total Leadership program teaches professionals how to successfully pursue "four-way wins" -- improved performance across all parts of life.
Although employees are offering many opportunities to help their employees balance work and life, these opportunities may be a catch twenty-two for some female employees. Even if the organization offers part-time options, many women will not take advantage of it as this type of arrangement is often seen as "occupational dead end".[12]
Even with the more flexible schedule, working mothers opt not to work part-time because these positions typically receive less interesting and challenging assignments; taking these assignments and working part-time may hinder advancement and growth. Even when the option to work part-time is available, some may not take advantage of it because they do not want to be marginalized.[12] This feeling of marginalization could be a result of not fitting into the "ideal worker" framework (see: Formation of the "ideal worker" and gender differences).
Additionally, some mothers, after returning to work, experience what is called the maternal wall. The maternal wall is experienced in the less desirable assignments given to the returning mothers. It is also a sense that because these women are mothers, they cannot perform as "ideal workers".[12] If an organization is providing means for working mothers and fathers to better balance their work-life commitments, the general organizational norm needs to shift so the "ideal worker" includes those who must manage a home, children, elderly parents, etc.
Global comparisonsEdit
United StatesEdit
According to a new study by Harvard and McGill University researchers, the United States lags far behind nearly all wealthy countries when it comes to family-oriented workplace policies such as maternity leave, paid sick days and support for breast feeding. Jody Heyman, founder of the Harvard-based Project on Global Working Families and director of McGill's Institute for Health and Social Policy, states that, "More countries are providing the workplace protections that millions of Americans can only dream of. The U.S. has been a proud leader in adopting laws that provide for equal opportunity in the workplace, but our work/family protections are among the worst." [44]
This observation is being shared by many Americans today and is considered by many experts to be indicative of the current climate. However, the U.S. Labor Department is examining regulations that give workers unpaid leave to deal with family or medical emergencies (a review that supporters of the FMLA worry might be a prelude to scaling back these protections, as requested by some business groups). At the same time, Senator Chris Dodd from Connecticut is proposing new legislation that would enable workers to take six weeks of paid leave. Congress is also expected to reconsider the Healthy Families Act which is a bill that would require employers with at least fifteen employees to provide seven paid sick days per year.[44]
At least 107 countries protect working women's right to breast-feed and, in at least seventy-three of them, women are paid. The U.S. does not have any federal legislation guaranteeing mothers the right to breast-feed their infants at work, but 24 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have laws related to breastfeeding in the workplace.[45]
There is not a federal law requiring paid sick days in the United States. When it comes to sick days, 145 countries provide sick days to their employees; 127 provide a week or more per year.
At least 134 countries have laws setting the maximum length of the work week; the U.S. does not have a maximum work week length and does not place any limits on the amount of overtime that an employee is required to work each week. (survey) Sweden, Denmark and Norway have the highest level of maternity benefits—Sweden provides 68 weeks paid maternity leave, Norway provides 56 weeks paid maternity leave and Denmark provides 52.[29]
Even when vacation time is offered in some U.S. companies, some choose not to take advantage of it. A 2003 survey by Management Recruiter International stated that fifty percent of executives surveyed didn't have plans to take a vacation. They decided to stay at work and use their vacation time to get caught up on their increased workloads.[46]
American workers average approximately ten paid holidays per year while British workers average twenty-five holidays and German employees thirty. Americans are at "work" twelve weeks more a year in total hours than Europeans though they are no more productive than the average European.[citation needed]
European UnionEdit
In Europe, the Working Time Directive has implemented a maximum 48-hour working week.[47] Many countries have opted for fewer hours. France attempted to introduce a thirty-five hour workweek, and Finland experimented with a thirty-hour week in 1996.[citation needed] Contradictory to the Scandinavian countries, there is no evidence of state policies that absolutely encourage men to take on a larger share of domestic work in France, Portugal, or Britain.[48] In a 2007, the European Quality of Life Survey found that countries in south-eastern Europe had the most common problems with work-life balance. In Croatia and Greece, a little over 70% of working citizens say that they are too tired to do household jobs at least several times a month because of work.[49]
In Britain, legislation has been passed allowing parents of children under six to request a more flexible work schedule. Companies must approve this request as long as it does not damage the business. A 2003 Survey of graduates in the UK revealed that graduates value flexibility even more than wages.[50]
In all twenty-five European Union countries, voters "punish" politicians who try to shrink vacations. "Even the twenty-two days Estonians, Lithuanians, Poles and Slovenians count as their own is much more generous than the leave allotted to U.S. workers." [46] According to a report by the Families and Work Institute, the average vacation time that Americans took each year averaged 14.6 days.
According to Jeremy Reynolds, unions can lobby for benefits, pay, training, safety measures, and additional factors that impact the costs and benefits of work hours. "Unions can also have a more direct impact on hour mismatches through their efforts to change the length of the workday, work week, and work year, and to increase vacation and leave time." This is why workers in countries where there are strong unions usually work fewer hours and have more generous leave policies than workers who are in countries where there are weaker unions.[51]
It is critical to mention that cultural factors influence why and how much we work. As stated by Jeremy Reynolds, "cultural norms may encourage work as an end in itself or as a means to acquiring other things, including consumer products." This might be why Americans are bound to work more than people in other countries. In general, Americans always want more and more, so Americans need to work more in order to have the money to spend on these consumer products.[51]
Studies by countryEdit
See alsoEdit
- Family work relationship
- Balanced parenting
- Dual careers
- Family relations
- Quality of work life
- [[Personal life]
- Role conflicts
- Work (attitudes toward)
- Work family relationship
- Workaholic
- Work-family balance in the United States
- Work–life balance (United States)
- Working conditions
- Working women
- Work-life interface
References & BibliographyEdit
Key textsEdit
Additional materialEdit
Change the Way You See Everything by Kathryn D. Cramer & Hank Wasiak (Running Press, 076242723X, 2006).
External linksEdit
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors). |
Cite error:
tags exist, but no <references/>
tag was found


text:
Does anyone else organize their iTunes by season? Singer-songwriter Anaïs Mitchell is the artist that got me started doing it, as no single album reminds me more of summer than her 2010 folk opera Hadestown. It's drenched in sunlight, warm voices, young love, and, as Kristin mentioned in her Preacher's Daughter series, a feminist perspective on Greek tragedy. Her latest album, Young Man in America, is spring; all births and unfoldings and discoveries, and an occasional dip back into winter dark. Point being, Mitchell is a songwriter for all seasons, one of young American folk music's best, and she's getting better and better.
I first heard Mitchell's music when NPR featured a song from Hadestown on its "Song of the Day" newsletter, except the song was one sung by Justin Vernon (NPR darling, deservedly so), not Mitchell. I bought the album, intrigued as I was by the idea of a folk opera interpreting the story of Eurydice (sung by Mitchell), Orpheus (Vernon), Persephone (Ani DiFranco), and Hades (Greg Brown), and can't overstate how convinced I am it's a flawless record. The characters are real, the playing is masterful, the roles are pitch-perfectly cast, the storytelling is poetic and as multi-faceted as storytelling gets. "They say if you want to be a poet nowadays, you better learn to play guitar, because there's not much work for you otherwise," Mitchell told NPR in 2010. "Learning to write songs was a way of being a writer and being able to be heard." As with Ani DiFranco, whose Righteous Babe Records released Hadestown, Mitchell's roots in poetry result in songs that are so full of meaning and plot they're basically incomparable to most popular music. You could teach Anaïs Mitchell lyrics as a text and fill at least a semester. Young Man in America, released February 28th in the U.S. by Wilderland Records, follows in the lofty narrative steps of Hadestown.
In a guest post for American Songwriter, Mitchell had this to say about starting to work with the character of the eponymous Young Man:
I felt like with the title track here was this mythological character, this desperately desirous sad young man, and he was like a totem pole, made up of many spirits, his clothes were woven through with all different feathers and furs… prairie dog, raven, hurricane, sword and shield, wind, canyon… I went through all different words and images until the right ones incorporated themselves, the ones that had a chemistry with each other.
Mitchell's website describes the album as "about American Manhood, British ballads, and [Mitchell's] father." It's relatively rare to hear a woman write and sing in the (male) first-person, while men are constantly writing songs postulating about the female experience (the entire catalogues of Train and Maroon 5 come especially to mind...). Would that most artists were as thoughtful as Mitchell when they went about it. Young Man is an androcentric narrative, but women abound. The narrator aches for the safety of his mother, then revels in his love of a woman, then returns home for the reckoning at the end of his father's and mother's lives. Interspersed through this central plot construction are songs ostensibly from the point of view of the mother and then the lover, that further explore relationships with the Young Man. In other words, Mitchell explores American masculinity from several angles; again, a consideration often denied female characters of male design. (For example, "Drops of Jupiter" always struck me first as entirely condescending, and second, as a song poorly masking the opportunity to say "soy latte" in a song, not actually empathize with women.)
Such thoughtfulness is what I love most about Anaïs Mitchell songs. She's been steeped in the tradition of folk storytelling, clearly, but her turns of phrase and her acute eye for human drama are patentable. I hope she continues with these theatrical albums in the future, after two such gorgeous offerings to the genre. She's telling stories we didn't even know we were missing.
Previously: Two Feminist Music Projects to Get Behind

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Everything went smooth as silk. I got a great airgun at a great price, $40 less than anywhere else I could find the model I wanted. I went looking for ... read more
Your world is about to change! The Galatian air rifle has clips with about 50% more rounds than most other precharged pneumatic hunting rifles. What does that do for you? It means you can load up a whole bunch of rounds before leaving home and not have to carry pellet tins with you. It means you can hunt more efficiently because you're not stopping so often to reload.
Hastan air rifles have been well-received by airgunners because their quality is so good. If you want a solid PCP rifle that delivers shot after shot with power and authority, the Galatian air rifle should be No. 1 on your list. The beautiful walnut stock coupled with the deep bluing will immediately impress you...but the accuracy will exceed your expectations as every pellet finds the 10-ring on your target.
14rds, up to 70 shots per fill


text:
Parents Arrested After 8-Week-Old Baby Found With Skull FractureDoctors also determined the baby was underweight for her age and severely malnourished.
San Bernardino Pastor Accused Of Sexually Abusing 2 BoysA 54-year-old pastor in San Bernardino has been accused of sexually abusing two male victims.
High School Principal Accused Of Having Sex With Former StudentThe principal of a high school near Rancho Cucamonga is accused of having sex with a former student.


text:
Householders mistakenly believe a water company picks up the bill should a drain on their premises become blocked. So said 59 per cent of adults in Belper targeted in a recent YouGov poll.
If the drain is blocked within the boundary of their house, it's the homeowner who ends up footing the bill. Yet 27 per cent of consumers admit to disposing of their waste cooking oil down the sink – an action recognised by 45 per cent as the main cause of costly drain blockages within their home's boundary.
The average household throws away a tea cup of waste cooking oil every month which could be recycled into clean electricity.
Encouragingly, 57 per cent of people would be likely to take their waste cooking oil to their local household waste recycling centre (HWRC) if only they knew where it was.
Ian Collins, managing director of Living Fuels, operates 500 waste cooking oil collection tanks - the biggest national network – located at recycling centres throughout the UK.
"Around 80 per cent of the UK population is within a 15-minute drive of a waste cooking oil recycling site," says Ian, "among the best coverage in world.
"The bad news is that the hard core of 26 per cent of adults in Belper are still putting waste cooking oil down the drain – it hasn't budged. The good news is some habits have changed since we did our last poll in 2011. For instance, we're seeing more waste cooking oil going into the food waste and black bins – neither ideal but better than pouring it down the drain.
"We will not rest until every British householder appreciates their old cooking oil is a precious resource, knows where to recycle it and adopts the 'stop and think, not down the sink' habit.
"Not only will they avoid costly drain blockage repairs but they'll also be doing their bit to build a sustainable source of energy.
"The waste cooking oil we collect goes into combined heat and power (CHP) which, according to the Department for Energy & Climate Change (DECC), is the most carbon-efficient way to extract its energy. The patented Living Fuels process uses neither harmful chemicals nor intensive heat processes to produce this green electricity," says Ian.
Find your nearest waste cooking oil recycling facility at: www.livingfuels.co.uk.


text:
Posted on 01/25/2010 11:27:02 PM PST by JustPiper
Consider the pre-election giveaway to the labor unions. Negotiators agreed to exempt union contracts until 2018 from the tax on so-called Cadillac health-insurance plans. That backroom bargain not only outraged the voters, it also violated the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, requiring the federal government to extend equal protection of the laws to all U.S. persons. Of course, not all voters understood the constitutional nuances, but they sensed that something was very wrong; and they reacted.
I have been disturbed by the socialists for years, ever since I learned many members of Congress 'openly' joined the DSA (Democratic Socialists of America). Several years ago, the names were published on the DSA site. (since removed of course) Please post any info you have, many of you have been on this issue for many years, & if we can store it all on one thread, we have our FreeRepublic Warehouse on the enemies of the state. How DO we combat this, when it's coming at us from every angle? When the people have been asleep for decades. Please post anything you have found or accumulated. Also choose a dictator these people follow, of particular interest,those in D.C. who have been quoted with their adulation of one.
Communism- Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism-Trotskyism-Maoism- Hoxhaism-Hoxhaism-Titoism ETC
(Excerpt) Read more at townhall.com ...
There is no Senate leader or House leader 'now'
Maxine Waters was the Executive Secretary back then. At about the same time the DSA consgressional list was removed publically from the DSA website, up pops this:
Look at this list from what they are NOW known as, Congressional Progressive Caucus:
The Congressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) was established in 1991 by five members of the United States House of Representatives: Representatives Ron Dellums (D-CA), Lane Evans (D-IL), Peter DeFazio (D-OR), Maxine Waters (D-CA), and Bernie Sanders (I-VT). Then-Representative Bernie Sanders was the convener and first. The founding members were concerned about the economic hardship imposed by the deepening recession, and the growing inequality brought about by the "timidity of the Democratic Party response at the time".
Additional House representatives joined soon, including Major Owens (D-NY), Nydia Velazquez (D-NY), David Bonior (D-MI), Bob Filner (D-CA), Barney Frank (D-MA), Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), Jim McDermott (D-WA), Jerrold Nadler (D-NY), Patsy Mink (D-HI), George Miller (D-CA), Pete Stark (D-CA), John Olver (D-MA), Lynn Woolsey (D-CA), and Nancy Pelosi (D-CA).
House members
Map showing districts represented by House members of the CPC, excluding the Virgin Islands.
All members are members of the Democratic Party or caucus with the Democratic Party. There are currently 82 total declared Progressives including 79 voting Representatives, 2 non-voting Delegates, and 1 Senator.
See complete list here:
The Congressional Progressive Caucus Ideology
According to its website, the CPC advocates "universal access to affordable, high quality healthcare," fair trade agreements, living wage laws, the right of all workers to organize into labor unions and engage in collective bargaining, the abolition of significant portions of the USA PATRIOT Act, the legalization of same-sex marriage, strict campaign finance reform laws, a complete pullout from the war in Iraq, a crackdown on corporate welfare and influence, an increase in income tax rates on the wealthy, tax cuts for the poor, and an increase in welfare spending by the federal government.
The non-profit organization most closely associated with the Congressional Progressive Caucus is the American Progressive Caucus Policy Foundation which works to connect the caucus to progressives outside the Congress.
In addition, an array of national liberal organizations work to support the efforts of the progressive caucus, including the Institute for Policy Studies, The Nation magazine, MoveOn.org, National Priorities Project, Jobs with Justice, Peace Action, Americans for Democratic Action, and Progressive Democrats of America. Also co-sponsoring the kickoff event were the NAACP, ACLU, Progressive Majority, League of United Latin American Citizens, Rainbow/PUSH Coalition, National Council of La Raza, Hip Hop Caucus, Human Rights Campaign, Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs, and the National Hip Hop Political Convention.
Here, I seen many of the avowed members of DSA, are now part of DSA
Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) is a democratic socialist organization in the United States and the U.S. affiliate of the Socialist International, a federation of social democratic, democratic socialist and labor parties and organizations.
DSA was formed in 1982 by a merger of the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC) and the New American Movement (NAM). DSOC was the largest group to emerge from the splintering of the Socialist Party of America in 1973; two other Socialist Party factions went on to form Social Democrats USA and the Socialist Party USA. NAM was a coalition of writers and intellectuals with roots in both the New Left movements of the 1960s and the more traditional parties of the Old Left.
The DSA gained more attention after Barack Obama announced his presidential campaign in 2008. After learning of his plans to reform American health care, the Right accused Obama of being a socialist. The criticism become more widespread when Sarah Palin and John McCain both accused Obama and his policies of being socialistic during the 2008 presidential election. This led to widespread media attention to American socialist organizations, such as the Socialist Party USA and the DSA. This led to a comment by Frank Llewellyn: "Over the past 12 months, the Democratic Socialists of America has received more media attention than it has over the past 12 years
Democratic Socialists of America Ideology
Michael Harrington, the DSA's founding chairperson, had been a chairman of the League for Industrial Democracy in 1964 and was a former member of the national executive board of the Socialist Party of America from 1960 through 1968. In 1982 Harrington was elected co-chairperson of the DSA. When asked if the brand of socialism Harrington and the DSA promoted resembled the Communist system of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, Harrington said:
"Put it this way. Marx was a democrat with a small d. The Democratic Socialists envision a humane social order based on popular control of resources and production, economic planning [...] and racial equality. I share an immediate program with liberals in this country because the best liberalism leads toward socialism. [...] I want to be on the left wing of the possible."
Harrington made it clear that even if the traditional Marxist vision of a marketless, stateless society was not possible, he did not understand why this needed to "result in the social consequence of some people eating while others starve."[14] The DSA was critically supportive of Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union, writing about them in their publication Democratic Left: "The aim of democrats and socialists should be [...] to help the chances of successful reform in the Soviet bloc [...] While supporting liberalization and economic reforms from above, socialists should be particularly active in contacting and encouraging the tender shoots of democracy from below." Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the DSA voiced opposition to the bureaucratically-managed economy of the Soviet Union and its satellite states.
I tried, in vain, to get the Clinton media to listen to me. Nothing, of course, ever came of it.
In light (Not Ellie) of this administration, I felt obligated to compare the Progressives now ruining our country.
Welcome to the Website of the Congressional Progressive Caucus
So when these flaming Socialists 'act' incensed that we call them what they are, Communists, I would like for all to see the trail and connecting these dots is irrefutable!
Oh I'm just beginning my friend :)
I think you might want to contact the folks @ WorldNetDaily anout this. If I remember correctly, they were the ones who "outed" the House Progressive Caucus (about 6 yrs ago, maybe???), & shortly after their story was told on WND, the DSA nade some major changes to their website. I hope that will help you.
Arab American Action Network
The Arab American Action Network is a Chicago community center founded in 1995, the brainchild of Columbia University historian and Professor of Arab Studies Rashid Khalidi and Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs Assistant Dean Mona Khalidi. It is a community-based organization that strives to strengthen the Arab immigrant and Arab American community, primarily in the Chicago area. Through use of such tactics as community organizing, advocacy, education and social services, and leadership development, it seeks to empower the Arab population in Chicago's low-income South Side. The organization acts as an advocate for Palestinian issues and for women's issues.
The Arab American Action Network is a Core Member of the Chicago Cultural Alliance, a consortium of 25 ethnic museums and cultural centers in Chicago.
The Arab American Action Network (AAAN)
Among the current luminaries of AAAN's staff are: (a) Vice President Ali Abunimah, who maintains the website ElectroicIntifada.com and is a Board member of the Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center; and (b) Executive Director Hatem Abudayyeh, who has condemned "the Israeli government and its military killing machine."
AAAN actively collaborates with scores of leftist organizations nationwide. Among these are the American Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, the American Friends Service Committee, Amnesty International, the Arab American Institute, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, the 8th Day Justice Center, MADRE, the Mosque Foundation, the National Lawyers Guild, Service Employees International Union, and Voices in the Wilderness.
AAAN has received donations from the Fry Foundation, the Tides Foundation, the Polk Brothers Foundation, and the Woods Fund of Chicago.
A GREAT resource for a Guide to the Political Left-A List of all the groups related
The National Progressive Unionist Party, more known as Al Tagammu, was born as a result of a coalition between Nasserists, Communists and Arab Nationalists. Progressive National Unionist Party
Progressive National Alliance
The party was formed when three MKs broke away from the United Arab List during the 15th Knesset. Two of them formed the Arab National Party, whilst former Hadash MK Hashem Mahameed formed National Unity National Progressive Alliance.
Hashem Mahameed Hashem Mahameed (Arabic: هاشم محاميد; Hebrew: האשם מחאמיד, born 18 February 1945) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Hadash, Balad, United Arab List and National Unity National Progressive Alliance between 1990 and 2003.
National Progressive Unionist Party Originated as the left faction of the official Arab Socialist Union (ASU) ASU Arab_Socialist_Union
Bump for tomorrow. ;-)
Absolutely not trying to say I am outing anyone. Just compiled the proof of where this country is headed, in many aspects. It's a tool against the war they have declared on us.
I take credit for nothing but informing
Please do dear, because it's a massive compilation I hope all Freeper's will add to
I hope Obamacare is dead, but let's not get our guard down. Obama/Pelosi, et al are very devious. We need to keep calling our reps, and write letters to editors, and make it clear we don't want this.
"...the legalization of same-sex marriage..."
Juan McCain's wife and daughter and probably McCain are for that. Is he part of the group too? He votes like he is.
Ever hear of "McCain-Feingold?
IMO, the CPC needs to be outed. I may be going to far in saying this, but I personally consider them to be committing treason against our Constitution, & people need to wake up to that point. Obama wasn't kidding when he said he wanted to "transform America".
The New Party, ACORN, and the Arab American Action Network are not by any stretch of the imagination mainstream political or social organizations. They are radical anti-capitalist, pro-Marxist, and in the case of the AAAN a group supporting the terrorist activities of the Palestinians. The New Party is an unabashed Marxist "fusion" party from which Barack Obama actively sought out and received an endorsement for his state senate candidacy
(There is detailed information here on this administration, alot of links, INFORM yourself) ALL AMERICANS:
Isn't it time we demanded a complete investigation of just what this un-American, socialist-communist-marxist organization above is up to, including who exactly are they are working for and associated with?
And why is Healthcare the only thing these guys have been focused on for over 10 months? Well, that's because Reagan said that Socialism starts with Healthcare.
(As you will see after reading the tenets of the above mentioned groups I've posted above and the affiliations)
Posted by Freeper jmstein7 in 2004
They are all members of an organization called the Democrat Socialists of America. They even have a website: DSA
PROOF That The Democrats Are SOCIALISTS
(Somewhere here at FR, has to be an old capture of the list of Congressional DSA members!)
No Hits on Congressional Progressive Caucus
No Hits on Arab American Action Network
No Hits on Progressive National Unionist Party
No Hits on Progressive National Alliance
In Washington D.C. there is powerful and popular lobby called the Congressional Progressive Caucus which, at one time, openly espoused the principles of socialism and publicly signed onto the agenda of the Democratic Socialists of America.
This project was investigating a decade ago & very reliable source
From WND An invaluable tool for bringing the truth
Democrat Socialists of america - 10 pages dating back to 1998
Congressional Progressive Caucus - 33 pages dating back to 1988
Arab American Action Network - 10 pages dating back to 2000
Progressive National Alliance - 5 pages dating back to 1999
No Hits on Progressive National Unionist Party
Thanks Sun. This is why I thought by posting this research, people would stay angry & not allow them to play anymore of their socialist games
I know that you weren't outing anyone. I said it was WorldNetDaily who did, & rightfully so.
Thanks, Piper!
BTW Chris you will see in one of the posts, I credited WND :)
would you post the info on CPC please? Thats what this thread is about. All resources in one place that are doing good work to out them
You were at the top of my pings, have not gotten to that yet :)
Rules for Radicals By Saul Alinsky - 1971
"Obama learned his lesson well. I am proud to see that my father's model for organizing is being applied successfully beyond local community organizing to affect the Democratic campaign in 2008. It is a fine tribute to Saul Alinsky as we approach his 100th birthday."
Letter from L. DAVID ALINSKY, son of Neo-Marxist Saul Alinsky
I challenge you to see just how the plan is laid out, it will CHILL you
Mental Health & Brainwashing Links
Indeed, Alinsky wrote the rule book for '60s radicals like Bill and Hillary Clinton, George Miller and Nancy Pelosi. He considered Hillary Rodham to be one of his better students and asked her to join him in his efforts as an organizer of radical leftist causes. But Hillary had other fish to fry on her climb to national prominence.
Alinsky had a true genius for formulating tactical battle plans for the radical left. He wrote two books outlining his organizational principles and strategies: "Reveille for Radicals" (1946) and "Rules for Radicals" (1971).
Saul Alinsky and DNC Corruption
Two of his most notable modern-day disciples are Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama
He played a significant role in the peaceful transition from Communism to Capitalism in Hungary (1984-89)
(Fill in the blanks HOW he's used Capitalism in our country to go back to usurping it & his socialist leanings)
# Multi-billionaire funder of leftwing causes and groups
# Founder of the Open Society Institute
# Stated that defeating President Bush in the 2004 election "is the central focus of my life"
Another great resource on all things leftists
Soros foundations and financial machinations are partly responsible for the destruction of socialism in ... George Soros has been blamed for the destruction of the Thai economy
George Soros: Imperial Wizard/Double Agent
Timely & most interesting:
While we here in the U.S. are paying attention to the antics of The One there is a prequel to our future happening just off our shores.
Read the story of how the minions of Soros have, after economically making the poor of Haiti even poorer, destroyed the government through a series of media campaigns, false accusations and the liberal (pun intended) greasing of palms.
Haiti is the testing ground for Soross Utopian vision.
Video: Chavez: US Weapon Test Caused Haiti Earthquake
If Earthquakes had names would this one be "Soros"?
George Soros is one of Barack Obama's primary financial backers and agenda ... If you want a recession and socialism vote Obama.
George Soros: Barack Obama's Money Man and Agenda Puppeteer
The Commie Watch: George Soros Wants to Destroy America
If by philanthropist we mean one who creates chaos, destruction and financial ruin for his own personal gain, its a perfect fit. Calling Soros a philanthropist is rather like referring to the Nazi block wardens as Neighborhood Watch.
Despite the lofty sounding rhetoric about an Open Society, Soros objective is to wreck the United States.
George Soros is a philanthropist
WND hits on Soros-34 pages dating back to 1998
From 2005:Soros supports mullahs: The left embraces yet another enemy
~Snips from 1998
This year, it is George Soros, the billionaire hedge-fund operator who has turned like a snake on the system of economics that made him rich. His new book is "The Crisis of Global Capitalism," which argues for a world central bank and an army of new global regulators to straighten out the world monetary mess, according to the Sorosian prescription.
His conversion to the cause of financial socialism began as Congress refused to bailout Russia, and Soros' fund started bearing the weight of margin calls. Eventually, the losses would total $2 billion. His new book admits that he burned up the phonelines calling for governments to loot their taxpayers on his behalf, with additional panicked calls to central bankers and finance officials to pressure them into doing so.
Soros made the wrong bet, lost one of his shirts, and turned against capitalism. He believed himself to be the most powerful man in the world. It turned out that there is something more powerful, which is the market itself.
If THIS doesn't make you cry!
Figures on government spending and debt
January 25, 2010
Figures on government spending and debt (last six digits are eliminated). The government's fiscal year runs Oct. 1 through Sept. 30.
Total public debt subject to limit Jan. 22 12,245,872
Statutory debt limit 12,394,000
Total public debt outstanding Jan. 22 12,302,465
Operating balance Jan. 22 142,454
Interest fiscal year 2009 383,365
Interest fiscal year 2008 451,154
Deficit fiscal year 2009 1,417,121
Deficit fiscal year 2008 454,798
Receipts fiscal year 2009 2,104,613
Receipts fiscal year 2008 2,523,642
Outlays fiscal year 2009 3,521,734
Outlays fiscal year 2008 2,978,440
Gold assets in September 11,041
A Lesson from James Madison About Obamanomics
Government Unions Win, You Lose
Aaron Russo's Restore the Republic
Please add any links you want to share
Warning: Some of the images in this program may be disturbing to some people..Viewer Discretion is Advised
Glenn Beck -The Revolutionary Holocaust- Live Free.. or Die (Part 1/5)In depth about Socialism
when each part ends, it will have you click for the next
Extremely Powerful
America Rising An Open Letter to Democrat Politicians
Frank Luntz Focus Group Explains the Election Results!
Obama bowing before a Muslim king. Obama talking about his Muslim family. Obama quoting from the Koran. Obama defending Islam. Obama visiting a Mosque. And many more clips of Obama and his Muslim connections.
Obama admits that he is a Muslim
Senator Harry Reid has shown contempt for the American people and the people of Nevada. Now, "We The People" are fighting back, and the Tea Party Express (and its principal sponsor, the Our Country Deserves Better Committee) fights back with this TV ad campaign against failed Democrat Senator, Harry Reid.
BUMP for later reading ... thanks JustPiper
All to pathetic. We have way too many 'masked'- and unmasked - enemies; domestic and foreign, working within; and ALL with intentions of remaking America in frighteningly un-American images; while using our Constitution and America's most powerful address to do so.
We can measure their success by the incremental advancement of their noxious and toxic MO's; OR, we can just test regularly; America's eyesight/hearing; and corresponding levels of commitment to enemy-enabling, political correctness.
OR. . .perhaps there is just a magnetic meter that can give a seismic reading per America's death wish.
Thank you. What about the stimulous bill? Doesn't it have some of the things proposed in the health care bill and the cap and trade.
We should expect our newly elected reps to reverse and kill this.
(Have to say; there is nothing more depressing than following not only our Congressional communists; but somehow, even more disheartening, really; the jihadist MO's in our back yard and around the world. Hard to share with friends in ways that they will continue to open your emails/lol/sigh. ..but am doing 'diligence' here; nonetheless.)
Thanks for sharing/reminding/informing so that more of us, so willing/able; can help thwart the efforts of all enemies of America; and by turn; advance and insure America's success.
Yay! Thank you :)
Isn't it just stupefying how they have done this?
The restored tolerance for American communism that grew out of the wartime alliance with the Soviet Union did not long survive the victory over Hitler in the spring of 1945.
~ It certainly did!
Though there was an ostensible revival of the Popular Front collaboration between Communists and liberals during the war, it was a temporary and essentially superficial phenomenon.
~It was not!
The party's patriotism did little to overcome the hostility of its traditional enemies or make it any more popular with the general public. And once World War II ended and the cold war began, the Communist party again came under attack.
~Not enough!
These 'lessons' are from our Universities & this is what 'HIStory' is being taught
This is the word that needs to be spread from now until after November elections kitty! I worry about the RINO's. One is about to win the Illinois primary next week. Kirk has voted with the dems more times than his own GOP. The Reagan conservative running against him, doesn't have the backing of the party, name recognition, nor the GOP funds. While everyone is concentrating on the Nov. elections, a hardcore Blueline state is getting ready to have a RINO running against a liberal, who will win then? It will 'still' be Obama's seat
According to Beck, PROGRESSIVES permeate BOTH parties....John McCain and GWBush included. We need to call them as we see them.
I don't believe for a second that Obamacare is dead. Just the opposite, in fact....I believe the radical PROGRESSIVES will, egotistically, push harder than ever to move their agenda forward.
When it comes to illegal immigration, I credit my maternal grandmother. She came her only speaking Polish. She became a citizen & learned English immediately. My grandfather did not. He was very stubborn -g-. when he would speak Polish to her, she would admonish him with "This is America, I will only speak to you in English". Needless. to say Polish become his second language. I fight this issue in her honor.
On Terrorism. My passion for Threat Matrix is my own. The patriotism is my own. This I do in my children's and grandchildren's honor. I hate the world I will leave them.I can't sit idle, after all , I am the Third generation of strong willed Polish women. (smile)
Did you see my post with the link to GB's documentary on YouTube? It can be seen, if you missed it, in full
I read the Wikipedia article part way through, skimmed the rest, and even though I saw some pretty good descriptions of the different strains of Communism, the one thing I didn't see was how many eggs they broke to make a sh!t omelet. No mention whatsoever of the mass murders committed in the name of economic equality and trying to move the proletariat to paradise. But then, again, it's Wikipedia.
No question, JustPiper about the MO here and how successful it has been. Add to that, Media - including 'Hollywood' - and target of Ayn Rand's as well. (David Horowitz deserves additional recognition for his ongoing efforts to shine a more public light on our shameful Liberal-Educational caste system so as to challenge and change. And do appreciate Andrew Breitbart's efforts to bring film fans to his 'Big Hollywood' site so as to show another side 'manifesting'- so to speak/lol.)
There of course, many, many carrying the 'lamps' so that more will see the light; including a Conservative and alarmed - blogdom. And you, JustPiper, are clearly doing your share of 'sharing the light' as well; as do many of course, right here at FR. ;^)/
The new Demonrat mantra! Woof, woof, let granny eat dog food...spoof on 'let them eat cake'. obama's war on seniors See the links in post 43-46 and on the last page.
Expanding support for families balancing work with caring for elderly relatives with a $102.5 million Caregiver Initiative adding $52.5 million in funding to Department of Health and Human Services caregiver support programs that provide temporary respite care, counseling, training, and referrals to critical services. The administration says the extra funding will allow nearly 200,000 additional caregivers to be served and 3 million more hours of respite care to be provided. It also adds $50 million to programs that provide transportation help, adult day care, and in-home services, such as aides to help seniors bathe and cook, help which eases the burden for family members and helps seniors stay in their homes.
Bumpski !!
Rashid Khalidi — is he the Columbia professor, who along with the Solahi's (the people who wound up at the White House "uninvited" a couple of months ago) and Obama, funneled money through an innocuous sounding organization to Palestine? This was according to a guest on the John Batchelor Show several weeks ago. Haven't heard a thing about it since.
I don't know how I posted this here. Sorry.
...the legalization of same-sex marriage...
Juan McCains wife and daughter and probably McCain are for that. Is he part of the group too? He votes like he is.
Ever hear of McCain-Feingold?
I would say McCain calls himself a progressive, in his more lucid moments, when he's having beers with them...
AND he thinks Conservatives will ruin the Republican party and are a##holes.
2 + 2 = 4.
I sure wish Sarah Palin would reconsider her endorsement of Juan.
Thank you Meek. Deep expose.
Thanks for the ping!
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Once you successfully complete your program of study, you have 60 days from the end of your program to take one of the following actions:
• Depart the United States • Initiate the SEVIS transfer to another school (read below) • Initiate the change of level to begin a new educational program at UW Bothell • Change non-immigration status to remain lawfully in the United States • Receive Optional Practical Training approval from USCIS (available only to students who apply before their I-20 ends)
If you leave the United States during your "grace period" you will not be allowed to re-enter the United States. Plan your departure carefully.
When transferring from one school to another school within the United States, you must carefully follow certain procedures to maintain lawful F-1 status. Please note that in this context the term "transfer" means changing schools, either in the middle of a degree program or between degrees, regardless of academic level.
If you intend to transfer to another school in the U.S, you must submit your acceptance letter from the new school and a Transfer Out Request Form to CIE. Once CIEverifies your eligibility for school transfer, your SEVIS record will be released to the new school. Then the new school will issue you a new I-20.
Selecting a Transfer Date The start date at your new school must be within 5 months of your "transfer out" date in SEVIS or your program completion, whichever is earlier. If the period of time between programs is longer than 5 months, your SEVIS record does not need to be transferred. Your new school will issue a new initial I-20 and new SEVIS number.
Employment While Transferring You may only work on campus at the school that has access to your SEVIS record. Check with the international student advisor at your new school to verify employment eligibility. If you are a student on Post-Completion OPT, the new program start date must be within 5 months of your SEVIS "transfer out" date or the end of the OPT authorization, whichever is earlier. Travel While Transferring Generally, if you will travel outside of the U.S. while transferring between schools, you must use the I-20 from your new school when you re-enter the U.S. It is important to discuss your travel plans with your current and new school so that an appropriate "transfer out" date can be coordinated. As long as you have followed the proper transfer procedures, you will be able to use your current, unexpired visa to re-enter the U.S. even though it has your previous school name printed on it.
Returning home after being in the U.S. for a long period of time can be stressfull - similar to the culture shock you experienced when you first arrived in the U.S.
The University of Minnesota has helpful Going Home resources to help you prepare for the transition, and while you are going through the process.


text:
General Info Homepage
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Legends of Hockey - Gallery - Graphic Artists , 001
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Stanley Cup series victory - (Graphic Artists)
The Graphic Artists collection picked up where the Imperial Oil-Turofsky collection left off. Quality action photography in black and white highlights the last year's of the NHL's "original six" era. Colour images begin with the 1965- 66 season and continue to the 1974-75 season. A large portion of the collection features two decades of player portraits. Key non-NHL components include the World Hockey Association, junior hockey and the 1972 Summit Series. Approximate collection size: 62,000
All images presented herein are the property of the Hockey Hall of Fame
and Museum and may not be copied or reused without their express written consent.


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Please bear with me.i would like to get some wheels for 33's b4 i get married and....
and.... my suspension needs an upgrade. i would like to get the cheapest available wheels with 4.5 to 5" of backspacing before i get married. This way when i actually need to upgrade my suspension and tires i can "go bigger". i have no clue as to how i can start looking on craigslist or whatever or whether or not 4.5" backspaced rims will fit my current BFG A/T 31" tires.
i know cheapest isn't always best but i have no clue what to look for. what should i type into Google or Craigslist to look for 4.5 to 5" backspaced wheels for a 1997 TJ? i have no clue as to what brand,make,model etc. any help would be appeciated. |
Your best way to search on craigslist will most likely be to just search "wrangler wheels" or "wrangler rims". You'll have to look at them on an item by item basis to determine the backspacing and may even have to contact the seller, as the backspacing is not always listed in the ads. 4.5" is fairly common in aftermarket wheels, so you should be able to find them fairly easily. You will also need to check and make sure that the wheels are not for a JK wrangler (2007 and up) because the bolt pattern is different. Yours Jeep has 5 x 4.5" bolt pattern.
The backspacing will not effect your tire fitment. For that you will want to get the tire width. 8" and 10" wide wheels are fairly standard and should fit both your 31" tires and 33" tires, assuming they are common sizes. In order to tell you for sure, I would need to know the width of the tires. Now, my one concern is the 4.5 or 5" of backspacing. Backspacing measures the distance from the mounting surface of the wheel to the back of the wheel. So, the larger the back spacing the more "tucked" in closer to the frame your wheel and tires are going to be. Because of this, I would avoid the 5" backspacing and maybe search for more of a 4" or 4.5" backspacing. Since 33" tires are almost always wider than 31" tires, you want to make sure that you have enough room for the tires to clear the frame rails when your going around a sharp turn. You probably already know this, but I figured I'd mention it just in case. If your looking to get this done on the cheap, I would look for a 15" diameter wheel. 15" wheels and tires are almost always cheaper than 16"+. Hope this info helps. |
For 31x10.50 tires, definitely stick with a 15x8 wheel, a 15x10 wheel would be too wide. 4.5" of backspacing would be better for that size tire too, 3.75" of backspacing would cause the tires to stick out further than necessary. I'm running 15x8 with even my 35x12.50 tires & would turn down a 15x10 wheel even if it were free. Also, 4.5" of backspacing will work with a 33x12.50 or 35x12.50 tire, you only need to add two washers to each of the two steering bolt stops. 3.75" or 4" of backspacing would be better for a 12.5" wide tire but... :)
Not to hijack a thread, but just out of curiosity, why would you turn down a 10" wheel? I've ran them on tires ranging from 31" to 37" with no issues (10.50" to 13.50" wide). Is there something I should be looking out for?
A 15x10 wheel is just too wide for a 10.5" wide tire for one thing. Since a tire's stated width is only at its widest point half-way up the sidewall, you should not try to match the wheel width to the tire width. The tire's actual mounting bead width is usually at least 1-2 inches narrower than the tire's stated width.
For my 35x12.50 tires, I air them down for offroading. With a 15x10 wheel, an aired down tire is more likely to unseat than it would be when mounted on a 15x8 wheel. It takes more air pressure to hold a tire reliably seated against two edges 10" apart than if they are 8" apart. I'd only run a 15x10 wheel if my tires were wider than 12.5". For street use, a 15x10 wheel would be fine for an 11.5 to 12.5" wide tire. A 15x10 wheel would never be the right choice for a 31x10.50 or smaller tire though. |
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Got one bull calf need hauled from Ohio to Oklahoma? Anybody headed to Oklahoma? Or any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks
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LeBron will become free agent
MIAMI (AP) (AP) person familiar with the situation tells The Associated Press that LeBron James has decided to opt out of the final two years of his contract with the Miami Heat and become a free agent on July 1.
Opting out does not mean James has decided to leave the Heat, said the person, who spoke on condition of anonymity because neither the four-time NBA MVP nor the team had made any public announcement.
James had two years and about $42.7 million remaining on his deal with the Heat. In his four seasons in Miami, the Heat have gone to the NBA Finals four times, winning two championships.


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A Kwanzaa Fable In A Kwanzaa Fable, when a young boy's widowed father suddenly dies, he finds himself growing up fast while he assumes the adult responsibility of taking care of his younger, twin siblings. Even though their grandmother lives with them, she relies on thirteen-year-old Jordan to baby-sit while she goes to work. As Jordan approaches puberty, he is torn between staying home and going out with his friends, who have started playing hooky and stealing in order to be cool. In an effort to impress his posse, Jordan makes up a story that he's robbed a neighborhood shopkeeper and family friend named "Snackman" who always had faith that Jordan could make something of himself, as long as he learns to respect his greatness as an African-American young man. According to Snackman, if Jordan applies the seven principles of Kwanzaa to his life, he will learn to love himself as a black man and to spurn his friends' criminal values.
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