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What is this?
Last week as I was searching the internet for "three toed socks" I came across a great tutorial by Hiromi Matsumoto. He shows how to make a flipping/rotating tile transition for Final Cut Pro X. I really dig this style of transition so I made it for myself and decided to give it away. Raise the roof!
How to install it
- Download the file.
- Unzip file.
- Move the unzipped folder "Stupid Raisins" to Movies>Motion Templates>Transitions. HINT: If you already have Stupid Raisins folder in Transitions, move the Tile Pop folder from the freshly unzipped Stupid Raisins folder into the existing Stupid Raisins folder. Confused? I am.
- Restart Final Cut Pro X and you're good to go.
How to use it
In Final Cut Pro X click on the Transition browser. Select Stupid Raisins and then look for Square Tile Flip transition.
- Origin – Use this to select where you want the animation to start.
- Build Style – This determines how the animation is displayed. You can have the animation go row by row, column by column or by row and column at the same time. Build Style only works if you select Upper Left, Upper Right, Lower Left or Lower Right in Origin.
- Box Size – You can make the box bigger or smaller. Be careful when you make it smaller because you'll have spaces in between the boxes.
- Box Columns and Rows – Adjust the number of columns and rows.
- Box End Scale – Adjust the box scale for the end of the transition. If you want the box to grow smaller during the transition, pull the slider to the left. If you want the box to grow larger during the transition, pull the slider to the right.
- Box End Rotation – The boxes can rotate during the transition. To start with, they rotate 90° on the Y axis.
- Box End Position – Where do you want the boxes to go during the transition? Up, down, forwards, backwards? Use this control to determine where the boxes end postion is.
- Falloff Amount – You can use this to adjust how soft or hard the transition is. The higher the number the softer.


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Votre destination
Vos dates
Votre chambre
> Chambre 1
1 adulte
Très bon
En couple 12
En famille 24
Escapade entre amis 13
Professionnel 19
Voyage solo 4
Rapport qualité / prix
I was traveling on business at The Hyatt Lost Pines 10 miles away. Couldn't get into host hotel and glad I didn't! I was greeted at door by owners and had a lovely talk about their dedication to excellence. Rene at Front Desk had done a great job prior to my arrival and I received a nice king bedroom. At first I thought the AC didn't work, but since it was so cool in TX I didn't need it much. When it did come on it was quiet and kept me comfortable. I checked the carpet cleanliness and it passed the "5 o'clock shadow test" (in case you didn't know - I ran hotels 15 years. Sample wet a washcloth and swipe 5 times lightly on carpet in high traffic area. If cloth turns "shadowy" you know it hasn't been professionally cleaned in a while and you need your socks on). Anyway - this hotel was clean! Breakfast was light - but met standards. They are #2 compared to Hampton and I would say breakfast is 1 of reasons. Also FD was a little too relaxed and didn't know any suggestions for Austin nightlife. That could help boost their rating. I could walk to Chilis and it took 10 minutes to get to Hyatt. Loved Bastrop's old Texas feel. I will hope to return to Austin again.
Was tasked to locate a conference room at a reasonable rate to accommodate 20 to 30 customers. Time frame was limited. Bastrop Pines Inn was outstanding in every aspect including: immediate feedback; easy to find location; new and exceptional facility/conference room; friendly staff; and total satisfaction. Our organization has already returned to use their hotel rooms for out of town staff and guest. My appreciation to the owners of this fine, clean, well run facility!
We went for the Round Top fair and could not find a hotel closer, so this was really our only option. It is a clean hotel and things were in working order. It was convenient to several eating places. My main disappointment was breakfast and coffee. We tried to eat the waffles and egg but neither were that good. otherwise it met our needs...but take your own shampoos and dryer as the dryer is not very strong and only small shampoo / conditioner.
This hotel was very clean and the employees were all very friendly and helpful. The breakfast were great and always hot and fresh. I will be returning and I will definitely recommend this hotel to my family and friends.
One of my favorite places to stay. Clean modern hotel. Great folks at the front desk. Places to eat within walking distance. Easy drive to airport in Austin. I ways stay here when I fly in to Austin-Bergstrom airport.
The bed is comfortable, room large, plenty of hot water, and room clean. The breakfast was typical for this star level of hotel (waffles, scrambled eggs, sausage or bacon, cereals, bagels, etc.). The employees were personable and friendly. If you shop at a major booking agency you can get a great rate, otherwise it will be just short of a hundred dollars for a nice room. Rene the check-in clerk was helpful and knowledgeable. There was some highway noise on the third floor, so if quiet is important, you could try a lower floor, and the noise might be blocked by some buildings.
Well maintained hotel with spacious and nicely decorated rooms. The bed was comfortable and the included breakfast had a nice variety. The location is easy to access. I did not swim in the pool, but it looked cleaned and well kept. The staff were all friendly and professional.
We were in town for Labor Day weekend visiting friends and this hotel was perfect for our needs. Nice clean hotel that is pretty new. The elevators were in and out of service but luckily they worked each time we needed them. We didn't get to use the pool facilities as planned but it appeared to be clean as families were out enjoying it. Comfy bed, fluffy pillows & clean linens are always what I judge a good hotel on. A GREAT hotel would also have a shower that has a nice sized shower head with powerful water pressure. Unfortunately, we can't always get what we want. The shower was mediocre but most everything else was good including a friendly staff. We will return most likely as we like Best Westerns.
Clean facility, friendly staff and great location surrounded by amenities - shopping, dining etc. and easy access to freeway and minutes from Austin and surrounding area ALL at affordable prices. Highly recommended, will definitely stay again when in the area.
The property was clean. The lobby is nice. The room was large, well-decorated, and had a comfortable bed and pillows. This is a good property to consider if you're looking for something within a short drive of Austin.
Very comfortable stay, clean rooms breakfast, courteous and professional staff. Staff went out of their way to assist us in meeting our unexpected needs. Great Place to consider if you are in the area
Mary Jane & the entire staff of this hotel made this a great experience when my daughter and I had to be out of our home for @3weeks. The room was comfortable, no disappointment and well appointed. Mary Jane was aware of our situation and took care of us above and beyond. Thanks
First of all Mary Jane went out of her way to accommodate my team, we were at another hotel in town, and she won us over. The whole staff was very friendly, and helpfull. Austin made checkinging in fast, and easy. Housekeeping did a top notch job (rooms looked great, and I'm picky).This hotel is in a nice quite area, perfect for families, with a CLEAN pool, and hottub.
Rooms were clean and comfortable bed. The hallway had an awful odor. Pool area could use cleaning. Breakfast was just okay. We just need a place to sleep for the night. The hotel as a whole just need a little more attention to detail.
Clean, quiet and has everything you would need... Comfortable beds, family friendly, Pool/hot tub, gym washer & dryer. Friendly staff :) Breakfast has a good variety, better choices earlier for fruit. What happened to the cool TEXAS waffle maker? I missed seeing that this visit, glad I took a photo. The BW in the heart waffle is cute.
The room was clean and modern. The wifi was fast and the staff was friendly. We were here for a brief stay for a reunion and went with the closest Best Western to the festivities. I'm not sure how conveniently located this hotel for others, but for us it was just fine. We'd stay here again for sure.
Hotel staff is very pleasant, attentive, and professional. The hotel is clean, beds and pillows are very comfortable. I was able to sleep well because it was quiet. I definitely recommend this hotel. It is within walking distance to a few restaurant and fast food places.
We stayed here recently while visiting friends in the area. The hotel was clean, and covered all the basic necessities. Nothing fancy, but looked and smelled like a new hotel. The breakfast was very basic, but good. Service from the front desk was quick and friendly. We would stay here again if we are in the area.
We booked a block of rooms at Best Western for my wedding. Every single guest that called to book a room had issues. Either the staff got their reservation dates wrong or told the guest that there wasn't any record of a block of rooms for our event. If you can imaging over 30 guests calling the bride regularly for a month prior to the wedding to figure out hotel rooms due to the incompetence of the hotel staff... exactly what you want to deal with when planning your wedding, right?! They even messed up my room and I spent the 2 days before the wedding calling regularly to make sure rooms were reserved correctly. 5 different people had issues upon check in and their reservation dates were STILL wrong.
Hotel was nice. Hot tub decent. Pool very small and cloudy. Night clerk pleasant and helpful. Continental breakfast was ok nothing special. Room was very clean that's why I find it hard to believe that housekeeping could not find my tablet that I left behind. Very disappointed with manager and her lack of concern to help recover this item
We were running the Wildflower 10K in Bastrop State Park early Saturday morning so booked a room at the close-by Best Western. We really enjoyed our short stay. The front desk provided great service, the room was nice and clean, the rate was reasonable and included complimentary breakfast and free wifi. The room also had plenty of outlets, a microwave and tall mini-fridge, and both a desk and a table. When I checked in, I asked if we could check out late as we were rewards members. The front desk clerk was very accommodating and said yes, she would request that our room was cleaned last. This allowed us to check out 2 hours later that the normal check out time. This was really helpful / appreciated as it allowed us to run our race and then return and shower before hitting the road for our next destination.
My stay was great! Everyone was very friendly. The hotel was very clean. The breakfast was very good and there was a variety to choose from. The hot tub was nice and hot. I would definitely stay there again.
The staff at the hotel were very friendly and helpful. The hotel is very clean and in a great location with lots of places to eat and shop. Ms Brenda with the cleaning staff was accommodating when we needed extra towels. We met up with her several times during our stay and she greeted us every time. Austin at the front desk was also very nice and would greet us coming and going.
We held a get together at BWBPI and had a fantastic time. Erin W with the hotel staff was wonderful to work with in the planning of our weekend. The hotel was clean,beds comfortable,food excellent, and friendly staff. Please consider BWBPI for your hotel if traveling to Bastrop.
Got a great rate with the "3 night stay" promotion at bestwestern.com, place was clean inside and out, staff was super friendly and helpful, wife needed stool (which hotel provided) to get in the bed and once in it was very comfortable, air conditioner cooled to the temperature set on the thermostat, the printer in the business center actually worked, breakfast was good with sausage gravy for the biscuits... This hotel is better than some Best Western Pluses that we have stayed at and it puzzles me why it is not one... We will be back!
room not vacuumed , food bad , gravy was cold and not even plugged in to be warmed up. trash cans in food area were running over nasty. lady at front desk had nothing going on but was not worried about it .
Stayed at hotel four nights during MotoGP race weekend. Nice clean hotel with friendly staff and great prices for race weekend. Good AM breakfast, and easy access to COTA about 20 min. drive away. Chilis Restaurant located across the street, and several other fast food rest. nearby. Would stay here again.
Loved Austin and what it had to offer. People in Texas are very friendly. I would come back to Austin because it is so interesting and has so much live music. Congress Street is my new favorite street in America.
I made the reservation for two nights knowing that I might not stay the second night. When I checked in I said I wouldn't stay the next night and was told that it had to be done earlier in the day. But I didn't read the fine print on the reservation confirmation. But I had asked the night manager two nights before if I could do it when I got there at 8 o'clock and he said yes. The lady was very ugly demanding that I pay for the next night and there would be no exceptions. Eventually I was given a little better price for the next night and decided to just go with it because I didn't want the aggravation. But I would never stay at this place again. And it's a place I stayed at on off for years. I won't go back for that again. And overall there are mostly really good people at this venue.
Nice, clean, reasonably priced. Free, hot breakfast. Walking distance to several good restaurants. 20 minutes from the Circuit of the Americas track, going in the back way, so no traffic problems to deal with.
Great service and clean rooms. Wifi was strong too. Good area for Bastrop. Everyone there is really friendly, especially MJ! Rooms are very spacious, nice TV and even has a fridge and microwave. This was a nice relaxing stay. Would for sure stay again when in town. Best deal for the money!
We stayed at this Best Western two nights while going to the antique show in Round Top. It was a good choice. The room was clean and large. Everything, including the wi-fi, worked well. The breakfast was okay - better than okay by the standards of free motel breakfasts. The staff people were friendly and competent. We would stay there again.
The hotel is attractive, clean, well maintained. The staff was friendly and helpful. The room was clean, and the bed comfortable. The breakfast was great. It's a good location with restaurants and shopping nearby. I would stay at this hotel again if in that area.
Check in went well; a/c worked good; room and bathroom were clean at check in; only one vertical grab bar by faucet; horizontal grab bar needed on back wall; anti-slip spots in tub bottom are not good enough; had to push hard on bathroom door to latch; even though on second floor, a wedding party out by jacuzzi area kept up their very loud laughing, yelling, and talking until at least midnight and totally disturbed sleep; a phone call to the front desk did not do any good; even though the wedding people checked out the next morning, more should have been done to make the wedding party people leave the jacuzzi area and quieten down; breakfast items needed improvement; scrambled eggs were too watery and biscuits were hard and cold; biscuit gravy appeared to be daily reused.
Very pleased with the amenities and cleanliness of this hotel. The night time staff was very helpful upon check in with selecting a local place to dine along with making sure we had towels for the pool area.
What a difference new owners can make to a hotel. I stayed here 2 years ago, and this hotel was only 3 years old at the time. I could see that regular cleaning lacked in the common areas of the hotel, the breakfast was just okay. This year when I checked in the place looked different, I didn't realize at the time that the hotel had new owners. The staff was friendlier, the lobby was cleaner, the exterior of the hotel was groomed and manicured. I was impressed, coming from the luxury apartment industry, I felt the pricing of my room was very reasonable for a hotel this nice.
Great place to stay! Will definitely be going back!! Staff was very professional and helpful. Hotel was very clean and nice as well. Management is very aware and involved. Beds are very comfortable. Breakfast choices are plentiful.
I stayed at the best western in bastrop and I was having a very pleasant check in with the young lady at the desk and an older man in glasses walks up behind the desk and starts slamming things down on the counter very loudly and then proceeds to ask me if I'm married and keeps telling me I'm very beautiful, I'm sure it was supposed to be a compliment but it made me uncomfortable, I did not like it. And when I was checking out the same young lady was there she was very nice and respectful and the general manager in the glasses was rude and cut her off while she was trying to let me know what was going on with the check out and starts trying to talk to me like we weren't already having a conversation. The wifi wouldn't let me stay connected longer than 10 mins at a time. The elevator was very slow. I was not happy with my stay at all. I will not be going back!
A very nice, and affordable place to spend the night. It was very clean, quiet and the staff were very efficient in making our stay pleasurable. It is has all the things you would want in a place to stay. It is close and to places to eat and local shopping.
We were tired and pulled off the freeway to get a room at the Best Western. The parking lot had very few vehicles so we wondered why we were put on the third floor. The room was quiet, however, the free wi-fi directions did not allow us access. We requested assistance and were assured the manager would call us. The manager did NOT call even though our request was made in person at the front desk at 6:30 p.m. The breakfast the next morning was good and had the usual items available (cereal, coffee, fresh fruit, juices, etc). The checkout was annoying since the young lady on the computer was fiddling on her cell phone and cracking her chewing gum.
The hotel is a little difficult to access but worth the effort. It is new, clean, quiet, and great value. Room was very clean and bed was terrific. Lots of places to eat in walking distance as well as some shopping. The WiFi could use some help. Found using my hot spot was faster.
Hotel was easy to find. Our room was clean and a nice size. The AC has a continuous fan feature which I love, rather than cutting on and off thru the night, waking me. Night light in the bathroom was a nice touch. Breakfast good with hot items. It was kept replenished. The Chilis across the street was convenient. We just walked. The Dominos Pizza is so close they delivered super fast. (We ordered online) The wifi was not great in our room. But we were top floor, end room. Our T-Mobile did tho, so no problem. Our room was quiet. We would stay again if in area.
Our room was large and clean with comfortable bed. Wi-Fi worked well. There are several eating option within walking distance. Staff friendly. Breakfast was very good with many choices. There is a lot of parking including options for big rigs. Have stayed here many times!
This is such a well managed place and very quiet place to rest!!!???????? We spent a week here after having our vehicle robbed in Austin and the staff was great especially the manager and owner's wife! The staff inquired with us every day if we enjoyed our previous day and asked if anything could be done better! I would highly recommend this motel for a long or short stay! Mike
This hotel was perfect for the price and area. Very nice front desk staff, nice variety for breakfast, nice to have a hot tub available, and the room was great. Mini fridge freezer cold enough to keep ice cream.
Very nice hotel. The room was clean and comfortable, Staff was friendly. The breakfast was hot, plentiful and had great choices. Would stay here again and recommend this hotel. The parking area was safe and well lighted.
The only complaint we had the entire week was that there is a flow restrictor in the shower head. We like a lot of water even in a drought. The owners and staff were very friendly and caring. They went out of their way to make our stay enjoyable.
Nice daytime people at desk, late night check-in was a nightmare. Night clerk did not want to look for my reservation and told me the hotel was full. This is an average best western, but it is hard to find at night when you are tired. And typical of these cont. breakfast you really can't identify the so called sausage as meat.
The Best Western Bastrop Pines Inn, in Bastrop, Texas is an excellent hotel. Our last visit, during the Christmas holidays we stayed four days and the service, the staff and the overall care of the facility was absolutely impeccable. Will not hesitate booking and staying time and time again.
I chose this hotel due to the proximity of my job. The hotel is very well kept and very modern. The most important thing I need to say is they take care of their guests. After I checked in there was a problem with the fridge. I needed to keep my medicine cold. They replaced my fridge while I was out to dinner. All of the staff I have dealt with have been very courteous and helpful. They have a great free breakfast in the morning with plenty of hot choices. I recommend them over any of the hotel choices in Bastrop. For the price, they can't be beat.
The hotel was quite, the rooms were nice and clean. The staff was very nice. There was plenty rest restaurants close by. Easy to get to, right off the freeway behind a dealership so you did not hear the freeway noise which was nice.
I stayed here 3-4 months ago, there were a couple of problems. The owners handled it so professionally and completely I told them I would stay there again. The room was very good, and one of the few times I have eaten breakfast at a hotel, this one was very good. The front desk was very nice and friendly. I will diffently stay here again the next time I am near Bastrop.
no problems with not being clean. Internet didn't work for well so I just 4G'd it which was fine. Breakfast was small and busy but I was satisfied. Regular staff was good. There was a short male Hispanic wearing street clothes that was clearly some type of manager who was cold and wouldn't hardly look up just to shake his head "no" not even saying a word. The rest of the staff was nice.
Great owners and staff who stay on top of things just to please everyone!!!! This is the first place I stayed at that wanted us to find something wrong just so they could take care of it. The breakfast had everything that you could get if you stayed at your Moms and it got to that point when you say to your wife "I ate too much, why did't you stop me".
I stayed for 2 weeks last month at the Best Western in Bastrop. The room was very nice and the staff was great. Very clean room and hotel. Great coffee and breakfast. Will stay again next time I come back.
We stayed here one night when visiting the area. We used it as a stop over point when going to a show at the bugle boy in LaGrange. The rooms were clean, the price was reasonable, and there was plenty to do in town. Service was good, and the continental breakfast was good too. The hotel is convenient and easy to get to.
Father and Mother of the Bride came to Best Western out of loyalty the generous experiences Best Western has afforded us as a family minded and professional musician. We have had great stay and business support from Best Western and always look to their hotels for all occasions!
Hotel is very clean, staff is courteous, needs a little training, owner was present and very helpful and courteous. Breakfast food could be better, pillows need to have choice between soft and firm. All were too soft and felt old. New employee was helpful and was being trained, but needs to wear tie like it should be worn and shirt tail needs to be tucked in. Looked sloppy and clothes looked like he had slept in them.
Attended a wedding in the vicinity. This place provided average accommodations. It was relatively clean. We called housekeeping to clean a "smeary" stain on the headboard. They tried to clean it without much luck. Everything else was fine and clean.
We got in around 10:30pm, looking for a place to spend the night. The night manager was very courteous, gave a discount that was appreciated, and we were so happy to get hot showers and a cool room, and a good bed. Breakfast was good the next morning. We had a good experience here.
We were greeted by a pleasant hostess, given a first floor room as we asked. Breakfast was full and pleasing. The internet was slow, but other than that the stay was one of the best I have had in a while.
Wonderful place to stay, very clean, comfortable, helpful staff and good breakfast. No complaints about my stay in the 2X this year I have stayed at this Best Western. Would reacommend this location and will stay in the future.
My spouse and I stayed here so that we could check out the fall Antinque/Flea Market in Round Top. It was very convient to Round Top. Also good selection of restaurants in Bastrop. Overall a good stay.
Super clean and comfy stay, loved the free internet and complimentary breakfast. Room was very clean and comfy. The staff was very friendly and check in and check out was fast and easy. They made us feel welcome and appreciated for choosing their hotel. It was close enough to our event and overall very enjoyable. Close to great restaurants and other activities. I would definitely stay there again. The staff made sure we had everything we needed.
Since under new ownership of Kamraj llc. It has been a vast improvement, front desk associates.a more professional atmosphere.I see more smiling faces.any issues are taken care in a more timely manner. I thoroughly have enjoyed My weekly stays , since it's has been under new ownership and look forward to my many stays here at Best Western .
The outside of this hotel seemed normal, but the inside was not the normal Best Western with Roaches, no WI FI service , The Sheets hopefully had been washed, but were not pressed. There was no coffee or food to speak of in the morning
Bastrop is about 45 minutes from all the shopping. This hotel wasn't terrible, but certainly wasn't the best experience we've ever had. The room rate was reasonable, but we did have a few inconveniences - no wifi, bathtub didn't drain well so showering became a semi-bath.
Depuis : l'est. Prenez la Highway 71 East, puis la Highway 304. Le Best Western Bastrop Pines Inn se trouve sur la droite. Depuis : l'ouest. Prenez la Highway 71 West, puis la Highway 304 et tournez à gauche au feu. Tournez à droite sur Home Depot Boulevard et Hunters Crossing Boulevard en direction du Best Western Bastrop Pines Inn.
La totale transparence
des avis de nos clients
Paiement totalement
Service client
à votre ecoute 24h/24h, 7j/7
0 800 90 44 90
(Numéro vert)
Réservation simplifiée
Disponibilités et
tarifs en temps réel
Wherever Life Takes You, Best Western Is There®.
Chaque hôtel Best Western® est individuellement exploité par un propriétaire indépendant.

subset: commoncrawl


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The holiday season comes with so many traditions—cooking and baking, house decorating, caroling, and cocoa making—but few are as beloved as the gingerbread house. While some folks opt for the ease and convenience of a kit, I always think it's worth it to make a gingerbread house the old-fashioned way—that is, from scratch. Follow these steps, and you can achieve results that are good enough to eat, whether it's your first attempt or something that your family does every year.
Related: 12 Architectural & Appetizing Gingerbread Houses
- Gingerbread cookie dough
- Rolling pin
- Extra flour
- Cookie sheets
- Parchment paper
- Pizza wheel
- Gingerbread house template
- Scissors
- Royal icing
- Pastry bag, coupler, and piping tips
- Cardboard
- Shoebox and canned food (or glass tumblers) for support
- Assorted candy (optional)
1. Choose a Template and Make Your Dough
You can easily find gingerbread recipes and gingerbread house templates on the Internet, free of charge. Select your favorite recipe and template, then set to work. Remember that gingerbread dough is very sticky, so it's easiest to work with when it's chilled. Keep lots of flour on hand for your rolling pin and work surfaces.
2. Roll, Cut, and Bake Your House Pieces
Larger pieces of dough will be difficult to transfer onto the cookie sheet, so I recommend rolling your dough onto a piece of floured parchment paper. Next, lay your gingerbread house template sections over the dough. Cut around the template with a pizza wheel, removing excess dough as you go. Continue until you have cut one piece of dough to correspond with each part of the house, as dictated by the template. Now transfer the parchment paper, with the cut dough on top, to the cookie sheet. Bake the gingerbread slightly longer than your chosen recipe recommends, as softer pieces are much harder to manipulate than well-done ones.
3. Trim Your Pieces
Inevitably, your gingerbread is going to morph a bit during baking. That complicates matters, because your gingerbread house will not stand properly if the pieces do not conform more or less precisely to the dimensions specified by your template. Therefore, immediately after removing the gingerbread from the oven (don't even waste 10 seconds), lay the appropriate template back over each piece so that you can trim each one to its correct size. Feel free to eat any of the excess—hey, you deserve a snack! Before continuing on to the next stage, allow the gingerbread to sit on wire cooling racks for several hours or overnight.
4. Make Royal Icing
Be sure to choose a recipe for royal icing that includes cream of tartar (it helps to keep the eggs from separating). Once you've finished making the icing, put it in a pastry bag fitted with a large piping tip. If there's any icing left over, you can prevent it from drying out by keeping it in a bowl covered with a damp tea towel.
5. Build the Walls
If the walls of your gingerbread house are meant to form a rectangle, I suggest using a shoebox or something similar as scaffolding to lend support while the icing dries. First, dry-fit the gingerbread pieces to test that they align as planned. Next, pipe a thick bead of icing at each right angle. Finally, connect the pieces. Slide your shoebox against the walls, and if further support seems necessary, use canned food or heavy glass tumblers. Let the icing dry for several hours or overnight.
6. Raise the Roof
Remove any items that you were using to support the gingerbread walls, then proceed to add the roof pieces, again using piped icing as a bond. To keep the roof pieces from sliding down, prop them up with as many cans or tumblers as necessary. Allow several hours for the icing to dry, by which point the roof should be firmly attached.
7. Attach the House to a Base
Pipe icing onto the surface you have chosen to use as a base for your gingerbread house. Any stiff piece of cardboard will do the trick. (If you wish to dress it up, options include painting the cardboard, wrapping it in foil, or covering it with doilies). Carefully place the gingerbread onto the icing you've piped onto the base.
8. Decorate!
There are as many ways to decorate a gingerbread house as you can imagine. Those experienced with a pastry bag may wish to use only royal icing to create a simple, gorgeous, economical, and delicious effect. Or use the icing (applied with a smaller piping tip) as "glue" for your favorite candies in your favorite colors.
It takes time and patience to make a gingerbread house from scratch, and although completing one yields a tremendous sense of accomplishment, you may not have the energy or the spare hours required. Fortunately, there are plenty of shortcuts:
- Use a kit that includes prebaked pieces and everything you need to decorate.
- Buy a gingerbread house mold (you push in your dough, then bake, and your pieces come out perfect every time).
- If you don't care about the gingerbread house being 100 percent edible, you can use hot glue to connect your walls and roof pieces.
- Rather than making a gingerbread house that stands on its own, go easy on yourself by attaching your pieces to a shoebox or something similar.
- Almost any kid would be happy to make a gingerbread house out of graham crackers—no baking necessary, and the construction stage is more forgiving.
However you choose to make a gingerbread house, concentrate on having fun! That way, you'll have a new family tradition to anticipate year in and year out.


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Nuforce NE800M
" I've been a big fan of NuForce and its products for many years. I've owned several of their headphones, IEMs (in-ear monitors) and their well renowned u-Dac 3 portable headphone amplifier and DAC. So I was a bit dismayed when I learned that Optoma had purchased NuForce as I wasn't sure what direction the new ownership would take this well respected audio company. Thankfully, NuForce is..." --MacedonianHero
NuForce NE600X Red In-ear Headphones
"Context: I primarily listen to music through my setup of FLAC -> HRT Music Streamer II -> Little Dot Mk3 -> Hifiman HE-400. I bought these primarily to use at the gym with an ancient RCA mp3 player that only has 512mb, because expensive gear and sweat don't mix IMO. These setups fill completely different roles, so I obviously don't expect them to compare, but I think it's important to..." --manbear
NuForce NE-700X
" My full review/comparison of the NE-600X vs 700X vs 770X... http://www.head-fi.org/t/623137/review-comparison-nuforce-iems-ne-600x-ne-700x-ne-770x Quick summary: - U shaped sound - tiny fit - decent sound, but really the 770X is the better choice at half the price " --Armaegis
NuForce NE600X Black In-ear Headphones
" I've been out of the loop for a while when it comes to budget IEMs. Back in the day, the low priced options were simply not very good. I remember paying $40 for the V-MODA Bass Freq as a workout IEM because I liked the massive impact, though it was obviously not an "all purpose" type IEM. I used them with my Creative Zen Micro Photo..." --project86
NuForce NE770X Carbon In-ear Headphones
" For a comparison of the NE-600X vs 700X vs 770X, see here: http://www.head-fi.org/t/623137/review-comparison-nuforce-iems-ne-600x-ne-700x-ne-770x quick summary: - bass sloped sound - tiny fit - great clarity/detail - fantastic sound for $35 and easily the top choice between the 600/700/770X " --Armaegis
Xears XE200Pro
" Basic Info Price: 30 euros w/ discount coupon + 8 euros for shipping ~~ $40 / $50 inc. shipping Dynamic driver IEM About the reviewer Music lover who played piano for over 10 years. Don't consider myself an audiophile although some friends would disagree :) Coming from Shure SE350 --> Monster Turbine Pro Coppers + Apple In-ears, with various cheaper..." --Pin
NuForce - NE-6 - Earphones
" I initially bought these as a temporary replacement for my AKG K26Ps that crapped out on me after being left in a car for two weeks, and because I knew I'd want earbuds for music on the go. Given that I bought these for around $30, I was astounded at the audio quality these earbuds produced. The NE-6 has far more bass than any other earbud I've come across so far, and while there isn't a..." --OmegaSwitch
Xears Bombastic Force XBF400PRO
" [I do not have trained ears, nor do I have a great setup. Hopefully I use the right words to describe the sound] Even with the sibilance I love listening to them more than my SoundMagic E10 and my Alessandro MS2 (Grado 325is). The E10s are pretty good, but they somehow lack the fullness that makes listening satisfying. The XBF400Pro delivers just that. They produce rich and..." --drakool
NuForce NE-650M High Efficiency Earphones with Excellent Bass, Layered Sound Stage and Microphone (Black)
" Disclaimer: The following is a review from a sample provided by NuForce First I'd like to thank NuForce, for reaching out and allowing me the opportunity to review their new IEM, the NE-650M. The 650 is described by the manufacturer as "a uniquely enhanced version of the original NE-600 series earphone. Their high-efficiency design offers an even greater level of..." --shotgunshane
Xears XWF600
9 mm Neodymium Mylar ium excellent sound superlative by state Neodymtreibertechnologie replaceable cables, which can be replaced if a cable breaks fast and cheap Housing made of Bubinga h ood and highly polished aluminum front panel meters are deep, rich, powerful bass, crisp mids, clear highs Wame s sound Pure High Power! Club Sound Feeling! suitable for all genres of rock / pop, techno and...


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David Byrne 2017
David Byrne Concert dates
You are intended to attend David Byrne event as it comes close to your home. And of course, the event is appearing in New York. Visit our website and get top David Byrne tickets at low prices unavailable within other websites. Cheap David Byrne tickets are our specialty, so profit of the chance!
David Byrne tour dates
2016 Past Events
The Roots Picnic: Wu Tang Clan, Trombone Shorty & David Byrne - Sunday Pass
Oct 1, 2016 To
Oct 2, 2016
Bryant Park
New York, NY
New York, NY


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10 Great Wedding Songs for walking down the aisle
Posted by wed_admin in:
Wedding Ideas, Wedding Planning
It's your grand entrance. You're walking down the aisle towards your intended and you need the right wedding music to accompany you. Something to create the perfect moment.
So what are you going to choose? A timeless, classical piece or something a little more contemporary?
Here are some wedding music ideas to inspire you. Just click on the link to play and start dreaming!
Gloria by Vivaldi. Very uplifting.
March from Lohengrin by Wagner. The 'Here Comes The Bride' piece.
What a Wonderful World by Louis Armstrong. Lovely, slow paced.
I Got You Babe by Sonny & Cher. Perfect for walking back down the aisle together as man and wife.
I Can't Help Falling in Love by Elvis Presley
Unforgettable by Nat King Cole
Purcell – Trumpet Tune. Dazzling.
In My Life – The Beatles As you walk either up or back down the aisle. Perfection.
Hope this wedding music inspires your walk down the aisle on your big day. Let me know if you have any other suggested tunes for brides.
Photography by Mark Anderson


text: Mike Shanahan Filed A Police Report Over Cash Stolen From The Locker Room In Pittsburgh, Later Found ItBarry Petchesky11/14/12 10:00amFiled to: Mike ShanahanWashington RedskinsPittsburgh Post-GazetteNflHeinz FieldLocker roomsPolice BlotterGettypic18EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink During the Redskins' Week 8 game in Pittsburgh, Mike Shanahan left his unlocked briefcase in an open locker. Not the smartest move, but one assumes the visitors' locker room is inviolable. After the game, an ugly whipping, Shanahan checked his stuff—and found $3,700 in cash and his passport missing. What Mike Shanahan was planning to do with $3,700 and a passport, only he and Tijuana know. (He said the Redskins' bye week was "productive.") Advertisement Shanahan was "visibly upset," according to the Tribune-Review. Despite stadium security telling him no one had come in or out of the locker room during the game, Shanahan insisted on filing a report with Pittsburgh police.Can we pause for a minute and imagine if someone had burgled the visiting locker room in Pittsburgh? That's the sort of thing that would have been brought up for years in the sort of ad hominem trash talk that makes football so fun. The NFL would have had a fresh batch of anti-Steeler talking points unseen since Ben Roethlisberger's...unpleasantness. There would have been recriminations, re-recriminations, Washington's crime rate would have been brought up—it would have been a good time over all. Advertisement But alas, there was no larceny. A day after filing the police report, someone from the Redskins called the police and sheepishly told them Shanahan's cash and passport had been found in another bag. The only crime here was forgetfulness.Shanahan's briefcase stolen at Heinz Field? Not quite [TribLive]Reply18 repliesLeave a reply


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In Person or By Mail
The county will accept a check or money order for taxpayers wishing to make payments by mail.
The county will accept cash, check, money order, or VISA/MasterCard for taxpayers wishing to make payments in person. A 2.49% convenience fee will apply to all VISA/MasterCard payments.
- When paying by check or money order, remember to include your account number on the check or money order. Your account number is located at the top right hand portion of your property tax bill.
- All cash payments may be made in person at the county tax office located at 161 NW Adams Avenue, Suite 102, Hillsboro OR. Office hours are Monday through Friday, 8:30 - 5:00. Office closed on November 11th in observance of Veterans' Day. Please do not mail cash payments.


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GIFT CERTIFICATES and DISCOUNT TICKETS for SOUTHPOINT CINEMAS are no longer available. Currently held certificates will be honored but new orders will not be accepted.
Gift Certificates and all discounts tickets are non-refundable, non-transferrable and will not be replaced if lost or stolen. These instruments are treated as a form a currency when redeemed at theatres. They DO NOT EXPIRE.
Gift Certificates only are treated like cash at the theatre and any un-used portion is returned in cash. For example if you have a $10 gift certificate and you buy something that is $8.00, $2.00 will be returned to the customer in cash. This rule is applicable in all transactions but additional gift certificates will not be redeemed or refunded purely for cash.
Discount Tickets- Please be very careful when purchasing discount tickets. These have specific rules associated with their redemption. Typically, these redemption guidelines are set by the studios and not by us. We must follow those contractual obligations. It is the responsibility of the person purchasing or gifting these instruments to inform the end user of these rules. The rules are clearly stated on each ticket type. Discount tickets are good for admission but please note that 3D engagements will still require an additional glass rental fee to be paid.
Orders placed on line are typically processed within 24 business hours. During the holidays and in most cases we are processing orders throughout the day and most orders will be filled the same day. It is our intention to ship as quickly as possible. If for some reason, we cannot, we will contact you and let you know. if you are in a hurry or have a specific question about your order, call us. We are happy to try and accommodate your requests when we can.
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A group of 'enthusiastic' Grand Theft Auto 5 fans have managed to gain access to the game's online Content Creator mode ahead of the feature's official launch.
LiveUnknownHacks, the group responsible, have a history in this sort of activity, previously extracting audio files from the game that hinted at the possibility of a casino heist expansion mission.
A series of short videos uploaded to YouTube show off parts of the Content Creator, confirming what Rockstar has already told fans about the free feature.
Players will be able to create their own Deathmatch scenarios, customizing elements such as what types of weapons are available, or map out their own courses for the Race mode. Rockstar has previously hinted that custom missions will also be possible, though the leaked videos do not confirm this.
Gaming sites have also pointed out that although the video looks legitimate (inasmuch as a leaked video can) there's no way of knowing whether this was just experimental data left on the CD, or an actual preview of the eventual feature.


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Study shows 11.7 million undocumented people in US
By Patricia Zapor
Catholic News Service
A new study concludes that there are about 11.7 million of what it calls unauthorized immigrants in the U.S., 4 million more than in 2000.
In a report released Feb. 15, the Center for Migration Studies, a New York-based educational institution also quantified why residents of some states, particularly in the Southeast, have perceived a significant growth in the number of immigrants around them.
Seven Southern states with the fastest growing population of undocumented immigrants each saw the number of such immigrants increase by more than 11 times between 1990 and 2010. The study explained that nationwide, about 18 percent of the foreign-born population was undocumented. The percentage in those seven states was about that as well in 1990.
But in 2009, in those states about 47 percent of their foreign-born residents were unauthorized to be here, the study found. They got more immigrants overall, and a higher percentage of them were undocumented.
"In 1990, the foreign-born population in the seven states was small, about 500,000, and fewer than one in five were unauthorized residents," the study published in the International Migration Review said. "But by 2010, the foreign-born population had quadrupled to 2.6 million and nearly half of them were unauthorized."
The study was co-written by Robert Warren, former demographer for the Immigration and Naturalization Service and John Robert Warren, sociology professor at the University of Minnesota.
The pair described in detail their approach to counting undocumented immigrants and how it differs or is complemented by other widely used counts. Because immigrants who are in the country without permission arrive by a variety of legal and illegal ways, and generally strive to remain unnoticed, coming up with an accurate count of how many there are is a challenge. Schools, social service agencies and city planners, among others, all nevertheless need to have some idea of who might require their services, the report notes.
And with Congress weighing immigration reform legislation that could include a path to legalization and citizenship for those who are here without legal status, planning for how to process them will require a good sense of who's in the country and where they live.
The report says their estimate of 11.7 million unauthorized immigrants does not differ markedly from other recent estimates that are based on similar data and calculation methods.
"However," it adds, "our estimates allow unique assessments of trends over time in the size of that population and of the component processes generating those trends."
For example, the two Warrens, who are father and son, said their methods allowed them to show that the declining number of undocumented immigrants occurred not just because fewer people entered the U.S. because of a weaker economy and border crackdowns, but because the number of unauthorized immigrants "departing from the population is large and increasing."
The annual number of unauthorized immigrants moving to the U.S. increased steadily in the 1990s, from about 550,000 in 1993 to 1.1 million in 1999, and more than a million each year through 2000, then declined to as few as 400,000 in 2009, they said.
The pair estimate that between 1990 and 2009 about 7.5 million people left the unauthorized population, that includes those who legalized their status, were deported, died or moved away voluntarily.
More than half of all undocumented immigrants live in California, Texas, Florida and New York, the report said. The inflow and outflow in each of those states roughly matched that of the country as a whole in the 20-year analysis, with 29 states and the District of Columbia finding net losses in undocumented population in 2009.
In the seven states with the fastest growing undocumented populations –– Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky and Georgia –– the number of unauthorized immigrants was more than 11 times higher in 2010 than it was in 1990.
The report said those states were home to 2.5 percent of the undocumented population in 1990. By 2010, they had 10.4 percent of the U.S. total, it said.
The Center for Migration Studies was established in 1964 and formally incorporated in 1969 by the Congregation of the Missionaries of St. Charles, Scalabrinians.
It was co-founded and directed over its first several decades by Father Lydio F. Tomasi, now pastor of Holy Rosary Church in Washington, and then-Father Silvano M. Tomasi, who is now an archbishop and the Vatican's representative to U.N. agencies in Geneva.
The center is a legally distinct, tax-exempt agency with an independent board of trustees.


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Definitions of ichor
n. - An ethereal fluid that supplied the place of blood in the veins of the gods.
n. - A thin, acrid, watery discharge from an ulcer, wound, etc.
The word "ichor" uses 5 letters: C H I O R.
Direct anagrams of ichor:
chiro choir
Words formed by adding one letter before or after ichor (in bold), or to chior in any order:
c - choric d - orchid rhodic e - coheir heroic l - orchil p - orphic s - chiros choirs ichors orchis t - thoric
Shorter words found within ichor:
chi coir cor hi hic ho ich oh or orc rho rich roc
List shorter words within ichor, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in ichor, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with ichor, words containing ichor or words ending with ichor
All words formed from ichor by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: ic ch ho or
Browse words starting with ichor by next letter
Previous word in list: ichnites
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Some random words: apart oft hm iracund kryolite luau blab
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Scientists funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) at the University of Birmingham have discovered that a gene called DAF-16 is strongly involved in determining the rate of ageing and average lifespan of the laboratory worm Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and its close evolutionary cousins. DAF-16 is found in many other animals, including humans. It is possible that this knowledge could open up new avenues for altering ageing, immunity and resistance to stresses in humans.
The research is published April 1 in PLoS ONE.
Dr Robin May, who led the research said: "Ageing is a process that all organisms experience, but at very different rates. We know that, even between closely related species, average lifespans can vary enormously.
"We wanted to find out how normal ageing is being governed by genes and what effect these genes have on other traits, such as immunity. To do that, we looked at a gene that we already knew to be involved in the ageing process, called DAF-16, to see how it may determine the different rates of ageing in different species."
Dr May and colleagues compared longevity, stress resistance and immunity in four related species of worm. They also looked for differences in the activity of DAF-16 in each of the four species and found that they were all quite distinct in this respect. And, importantly, the differences in DAF-16 corresponded to differences in longevity, stress resistance and immunity between the four species -- in general higher levels of DAF-16 activity correlated with longer life, increased stress resistance and better immunity against some infections.
Dr May continued: "DAF-16 is part of a group of genes that drive the biological processes involved in ageing, immunity and responses to physical or environmental stresses. The fact that subtle differences in DAF-16 between species seem to have such an impact on ageing and health is very interesting and may explain how differences in lifespan and related traits have arisen during evolution."
The research in Birmingham is now moving on to look at the way in which DAF-16 coordinates a complex network of genes in order to balance the differing needs of an individual's immune system over time.
Professor Douglas Kell said: "Research using model organisms that uncovers the biology underpinning ageing gives us the opportunity to understand some of the mechanisms that determine how humans age in a healthy, or at least normal, way. It is very important to develop a good understanding of healthy ageing if we are to appreciate what happens to an older person's physiology when they become unwell or experience difficulties with everyday tasks such as recalling memories or moving around. Improving the healthspan to mirror increases in the lifespan is an important subject of BBSRC research."
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Welcome to my custom figure gallery! These works have been created to promote the love and respect for action figures, the characters they represent, and the dedicated fans worldwide who collect figures of all genres! If you have questions, feel free to contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com
Sunday, November 6, 2011
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Beach Birthdays
It just so happens that my daughter and I have birthdays in May, just a few days apart, so the family usually creates a joint celebration. This year we visited a gorgeous South Shore beach for a picnic. It was a vegetarian-friendly and gluten-free meal, but not dry. My son made a wonderful sangria that he elegantly dubbed "booze-juice", but it was lovely to sip in the fresh sea air at our own picnic table with sushi and fresh salad and a gluten-free tofu cheesecake to follow.
Feted with food and presents and family love, it was a day to tuck away in memory, to take out and polish when I'm in need of a little lift.
I took some pictures, to share with you.


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Charger Girl Katelyn gives you an inside look at her experience at the 2015 Pro Bowl.
This week's mailbag asks if the Bolts showed the league how to beat the Seahawks, thoughts on Darrell Stuckey making the Pro Bowl and more.
Jerry Attaochu believes the Senior Bowl proved pivotal in becoming a Charger.
Check out the Pro Bowl Boltsgraphics for Eric Weddle and Darrell Stuckey as they represent the Chargers in Arizona on Team Irvin.
The Bolts' Pro Bowlers ready to wreck shop together on Team Irvin.
Executive Vice President of Football Operations John Spanos provides an update on the Chargers at the Senior Bowl.
Here is the first version of who some noted draft pundits have the Chargers selecting with the 17th overall selection in the 2015 draft.
Darrell Stuckey reflects on what making his first career Pro Bowl means to Chargers' Special Teams Captain.
Can you name all the Pro Bowlers the Chargers will face in 2015?
Darrell Stuckey joins free safety Eric Weddle as Chargers who will play in the Pro Bowl.
Offensive Coordinator Frank Reich sat down with us to reflect back on the 2014 season and provide a glimpse into his plans for 2015.
Mark Fabiani, the Special Counsel to the President of the San Diego Chargers, discusses the Chargers' response to the Mayor's speech.
A complete breakdown of the linebackers from the 2014 season.
A complete breakdown of the secondary from the 2014 season.
Defensive Coordinator John Pagano invited us into his office to share his thoughts on 2014 and provide a glimpse into his plans for 2015.
Check out a complete list of the opponents the Chargers will face in the 2015 season.
Show us your Chargers pride and use the hashtag #ReptheBolts on Twitter and Instagram to be featured right here on Chargers.com.


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KERSHAW - One Lancaster County girl is hoping to reclaim life's finer things after the onset of leukemia this summer.Michaela DeBruhl, 13, is relying on her chemotherapy, family, friends and God to get her through the battle so she can return to Andrew Jackson Middle School and her favorite activities, like tending to animals, playing softball and hiking.
"And I really miss my friends," said Michaela, who is now being home schooled.Luckily, her outlook is good.
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Take it to the Wall
vor 1 Stunde
/// The largest DE ROSA collection worldwide ///
I use to work as a bike messenger(many years ago) and knew of many expensive messenger owned bikes, stolen. Here in Vancouver, I can tell you this top brand road bike would be long gone before the owner returned!
It wouldn't last too long on the streets of London either. I suppose people in Japan may well be generally more law abiding.


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Translations of Śūnyatā |
English: |
emptiness, voidness, vacuity, openness, thusness, etc. |
Pali: | suññatā |
Sanskrit: |
śūnyatā, shunyata (Dev: शून्यता) |
Bengali: |
শূন্যতা shunyôta |
Chinese: |
空 (pinyin: Kōng) |
Japanese: |
空 (rōmaji: Kū) |
Korean: |
공성(空性) (RR: gong-seong) |
Mongolian: | qoγusun |
Tibetan: |
སྟོང་པོ་ཉིད་ (Wylie: stong-pa nyid THL: tongpa nyi) |
Glossary of Buddhism |
Part of a series on |
Buddhism |
Śūnyatā, (Sanskrit, also shunyata; Pali: suññatā), in Buddhism, translated into English as emptiness, voidness,[1] openness,[2] spaciousness, vacuity, is a Buddhist concept which has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context. In Theravada Buddhism, suññatā often refers to the not-self (Pāli: anatta, Sanskrit: anātman)[note 1] nature of the five aggregates of experience and the six sense spheres. Suññatā is also often used to refer to a meditative state or experience.
- Etymology 1
Development of the concept 2
- Pali Canon 2.1
- Prajna-paramita Sutras 2.2
Mādhyamaka 2.3
- Nagarjuna 2.3.1
- Prasaṅgika 2.3.2
- Svatantrika 2.3.3
- Nihilism and eternalism 2.3.4
Understanding in various Buddhist traditions 3
- Theravada 3.1
Buddha-nature 3.2
- Srimala Sutra 3.2.1
- Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 3.2.2
- Scholarly opinions 3.2.3
- Yogacara 3.3
Tibetan Buddhism 3.4
- Sakya 3.4.1
- Jonang 3.4.2
- Gelugpa 3.4.3
- Bon 3.4.4
Chinese Buddhism 3.5
- Chán 3.5.1
- Influence on Advaita Vedanta 4
- Alternate translations 5
- See also 6
- Notes 7
- References 8
Sources 9
- Primary 9.1
- Secondary 9.2
- External links 10
"Śūnyatā" (Sanskrit noun from the adj. śūnya or śhūnya: "zero, nothing") is usually translated as "emptiness". It is the noun form of the adjective "śūnya" (Sanskrit) which means "empty" or "void",[4] hence "empti"-"ness" (-tā).
Sunya comes from the root svi, meaning "hollow", plus -ta "-ness", therefore "hollow, hollowness". A common alternative term is "voidness".
This word is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo European root k̑eu- which means 'to swell' and also 'to grow'.[5]
Development of the concept
Over time, many different philosophical schools or tenet-systems (Sanskrit: siddhānta)[6] have developed within Buddhism in an effort to explain the exact philosophical meaning of emptiness.
After the Buddha, emptiness was further developed by Nāgārjuna and the Mādhyamaka school, an early Mahāyāna school. Emptiness ("positively" interpreted) is also an important element of the Buddha nature literature, which played a formative role in the evolution of subsequent Mahāyāna doctrine and practice.
Pali Canon
The Pali canon uses the term emptiness in three ways: "(1) as a meditative dwelling, (2) as an attribute of objects, and (3) as a type of awareness-release." [7] The Suñña Sutta,[8] part of the Pāli canon, relates that the monk Ānanda, Buddha's attendant asked,
It is said that the world is empty, the world is empty, lord. In what respect is it said that the world is empty?" The Buddha replied, "Insofar as it is empty of a self or of anything pertaining to a self: Thus it is said, Ānanda, that the world is empty.
According to Thanissaro Bhikku:
Emptiness as a quality of dharmas, in the early canons, means simply that one cannot identify them as one's own self or having anything pertaining to one's own self...Emptiness as a mental state, in the early canons, means a mode of perception in which one neither adds anything to nor takes anything away from what is present, noting simply, "There is this." This mode is achieved through a process of intense concentration, coupled with the insight that notes more and more subtle levels of the presence and absence of disturbance (see MN 121).[9]
Emptiness as a meditative state is said to be reached when "not attending to any themes, he [the bhikku] enters & remains in internal emptiness" (MN 122). This meditative dwelling is developed through the "four formless states" of meditation or [7]
In the Kāmabhu Sutta S IV.293, it is explained that a bhikkhu can experience a trancelike contemplation in which perception and feeling cease. When he emerges from this state, he recounts three types of "contact" (phasso):
- "emptiness" (suññato),
- "signless" (animitto),
- "undirected" (appaṇihito).[10]
The meaning of emptiness as contemplated here is explained at M I.297 and S IV.296-97 as the "emancipation of the mind by emptiness" (suññatā cetovimutti) being consequent upon the realization that "this world is empty of self or anything pertaining to self" (suññam idaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā).[11]
The term "emptiness" (suññatā) is also used in two suttas in the Majjhima Nikāya, in the context of a progression of mental states. The texts refer to each state's emptiness of the one below.[12]
Prajna-paramita Sutras
The Prajna-paramita (Perfection of Wisdom) Sutras taught that all entities, including dharmas, are only conceptual existents or constructs.[13][14]
Though we perceive a world of concrete and discrete objects, these objects are "empty" of the identity imputed by their designated labels.[15] The Heart sutra, a text from the prajnaparamita-sutras, articulates this in the following saying in which the five skandhas are said to be "empty":
Form is emptiness, emptiness is form
Emptiness is not separate from form, form is not separate from emptiness
Whatever is form is emptiness, whatever is emptiness is form.[16][note 2][note 3]
Mādhyamaka is a Mahāyāna Buddhist school of philosophy.[17] In Madhyamaka, to say that an object is "empty" is synonymous with saying that it is dependently originated.
Madhyamaka states that impermanent collections of causes and conditions are designated by mere conceptual labels. This also applies to the principle of causality itself, since everything is dependently originated.[18] If unaware of this, things may seem to arise as existents, remain for a time and then subsequently perish. In reality, dependently originated phenomena do not arise as having inherent existence in the first place.[19][note 4] Thus both existence and nihilism are ruled out.[20]
Madhyamaka is retroactively seen as being founded by the monk Nāgārjuna. Nāgārjuna's goal was to refute the essentialism of Abhidharma.[21] His best-known work is the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, in which he used the reductio ad absurdum to show the non-substantiality of the perceived world.
Nāgārjuna equates emptiness with dependent origination:[22][note 5]
On the basis of the Buddha's view that all experienced phenomena (dharma) are "dependently arisen" (pratitya-samutpanna), Nagarjuna insisted that such phenomena are empty (sunya). This did not mean that they are not experienced and, therefore, non-existent; only that they are devoid of a permanent and eternal substance (svabhava). Since they are experienced elements of existence, they are not mere names (prjnapti).[23]
In his analysis, any enduring essential nature would prevent the process of dependent origination, or any kind of origination at all. For things would simply always have been, and will always continue to be, without any change.[24][note 6]
In doing so, he restores the Middle way of the Buddha, which had become influenced by absolute tendencies:[25]
Utilizing the Buddha's theory of "dependent arising" (pratitya-samutpanna) Nagarjuna demonstrated the futility of these metaphysical speculations. His method of dealing with such metaphysics is referred to as a "middle way"(madhyama pratipad). It is the middle way that avoided the substantialism of the Sarvastivadins as well as the nominalism of the Sautrantikas.[23]
The Prasangika is a sub-school of the Madhyamaka. The name is derived from prasanga, or reductio ad absurdum arguments, rather than svatantra-anumana, or independent syllogisms.
Buddhapalita (470–550), a commentator on the works of Nāgārjuna and Aryadeva, was a great master and exponent of the Prasangika system. Buddhapālita notes:
It is not that we claim non-existence, we merely remove claims for existing existents.
Candrakīrti states:
Since relativity is not objectively created, those who, through this reasoning, accept dependent things as resembling the moon in water and reflections in a mirror, understand them as neither objectively true nor false. Therefore, those who think thus regarding dependent things realize that what is dependently arisen cannot be substantially existent, since what is like a reflection is not real. If it were real, that would entail the absurdity that its transformation would be impossible. Yet neither is it unreal, since it manifests as real within the world.[26]
Svātantrika is a category of Madhyamaka viewpoints attributed primarily to the 6th century Indian scholar Bhavaviveka. It is used in contrast with Prāsangika Madhyamaka.
For the Svatantrika, conventional phenomena are understood to have a conventional essential existence, but without an ultimately existing essence.
Nihilism and eternalism
The Madhyamaka philosophy is often misunderstood as being nihilistic:
A nihilistic interpretation of the concept of voidness (or of mind-only) is not, by any means, a merely hypothetical possibility; it consistently was adopted by Buddhism's opponents, wherever the religion spread, nor have Buddhists themselves been immune to it...[27]
But this is not a correct understanding:
[V]oidness does not mean nothingness, but rather that all things lack intrinsic reality, intrinsic objectivity, intrinsic identity or intrinsic referentiality. Lacking such static essence or substance does not make them not exist —- it makes them thoroughly relative.[28]
Conversely, emptiness as described by Nāgārjuna has been interpreted, notably by Murti in his influential 1955 work, as a Buddhist absolute. This is now regarded as incorrect by many modern scholars and not grounded on textual evidence.[29] The consensus is that Nāgārjuna defended the classical Buddhist emphasis on phenomena.[30] For him, emptiness is explicitly used as a middle way between eternalism and nihilism, and that is where its soteriological power lies. It does not specifically refer to an ultimate, universal, or absolute nature of reality.[31] Holding up emptiness as an absolute or ultimate truth without reference to that which is empty is the last thing either the Buddha or Nāgārjuna would advocate.[32]
Nāgārjuna criticized those who conceptualized emptiness:[33]
The Victorious Ones have announced that emptiness is the relinquishing of all views. Those who are possessed of the view of emptiness are said to be incorrigible.
Understanding in various Buddhist traditions
The concept of sunyata has received a different emphasis in various Buddhist traditions. There is especially a difference between the Tibetan tradition, which endorses sunyata, and the Chinese Chán tradition, which has incorporated both the Madhyamika teachings and the Buddha-nature texts.
Theravada Buddhists generally take the view espoused in the Pali canon, that emptiness is merely the not-self nature of the five aggregates as well as a mode of perception which is "empty of the presuppositions we usually add to experience to make sense of it"[34] - especially that of unchanging selfhood. Therefore, Theravadan teachers like Thanissaro Bhikku hold that emptiness is not so much a metaphysical view, as it is a strategic mode of acting and of seeing the world which leads to liberation:
The idea of emptiness as lack of inherent existence has very little to do with what the Buddha himself said about emptiness. His teachings on emptiness — as reported in the earliest Buddhist texts, the Pali Canon — deal directly with actions and their results, with issues of pleasure and pain. To understand and experience emptiness in line with these teachings requires not philosophical sophistication, but a personal integrity willing to admit the actual motivations behind your actions and the actual benefits and harm they cause.[35]
Emptiness as an approach to meditation is seen as a state in which one is "empty of disturbance." This form of meditation is one in which the meditator becomes concentrated and focuses on the absence or presence of disturbances in their mind, if they find a disturbance they notice it and allow it drop away, this leads to deeper states of calmness.[35]
Emptiness is also seen as a way to look at sense experience that does not identity with the "I-making" and "my-making" process of the mind. As a form of meditation, this is developed by perceiving the six sense spheres and their objects as empty of any self, this leads to a formless jhana of nothingness and a state of equanimity.[35]
The class of Buddhist scriptures known as the "Buddha-nature" (tathāgatagarbha) sutras presents a seemingly variant understanding of emptiness, wherein the Buddha Nature, the Buddha and Liberation are seen as transcending the realm of the empty (i.e. of the conditioned and dependently originated). Some scholars, however, view such teachings as metaphorical, not to be taken literally. Other Buddhist monks/scholars disagree with this claim.[36]
The Tathāgatagarbha Sutras portray emptiness in a positive way. The Buddha nature genre of sutras can be seen as an attempt to state orthodox Buddhist teachings of dependent origination using positive language instead, to prevent people from being turned away from Buddhism by a false impression of nihilism.
In these sutras the perfection of the wisdom of not-self is stated to be the true self. The ultimate goal of the path is characterized using a range of positive language that had been used in Indian philosophy previously by essentialist philosophers, but which was now transmuted into a new Buddhist vocabulary to describe a being who has successfully completed the Buddhist path.[37]
They state that every living being has the potential to realize awakening. Hence Buddhism offers salvation to every-one, not only to monks or those who have freed themselves almost completely from karma in previous lives.
The Buddha-nature can also be understood as the primordial reality from which phenomenal reality springs or the changeless reality empty of only that which is other than itself. Some sutras, such as the Mahayana Angulimaliya Sutra, also insist that not everything is empty, for the Buddha Nature, and Liberation (moksha) are stated not to be empty.
Srimala Sutra
The Śrīmālā Sūtra is one of the earliest texts on tathagata-garbha thought. It is critical of a 'negative' understanding of emptiness.
The Śrīmālā Sūtra enunciates the idea that the Buddha nature is possessed of four guna-paramitas [qualities of perfection]: permanence, bliss, self, and purity. The Buddha-nature is ultimately identifiable as the supramundane nature of the Buddha. These elevated qualities make of the Buddha one to whom devotion and adoration could be given.[38]
Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
The Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra was an influential sutra in the development of the Buddha-nature thought. It played a crucial role in the development of Chinese Buddhism.[39]
The attainment of nirvanic liberation (mokṣa), by contrast with empty or selfless phenomena, is said to open up a realm of "utter bliss, joy, permanence, stability, [and] eternity",[40] in which the Buddha is "fully peaceful" [note 7] and "immovable" (acala) like a mountain.[note 8][41]
Scholarly opinions
According to some scholars, the Buddha nature which these sutras discuss, does not represent a substantial self (ātman). Rather, it is a positive expression of emptiness, and represents the potentiality to realize Buddhahood through Buddhist practices. In this view, the intention of the teaching of Buddha nature is soteriological rather than theoretical.[42][43] According to others, the potential of salvation depends on the ontological reality of a salvific, abiding core reality — the Buddha-nature, empty of all mutability and error, fully present within all beings.[44]
According to Matsumoto Shiro and Hakamaya Noriaki, the idea of an ontological reality of the Buddha-nature is an un-Buddhist idea:[43] Their "Critical Buddhism" approach rejects what it calls "dhatu-vada" (substantialist Buddha nature doctrines)
Buddhism is based on the principles of no-self and causation, which deny any substance underlying the phenomenal world. The idea of tathagata-garbha, on the contrary, posits a substance (namely, tathagata-garbha) as the basis of the phenomenal world. [Matsumoto Shiro] asserts that dhatu-vada is the object that the Buddha criticized in founding Buddhism, and that Buddhism is nothing but unceasing critical activity against any form of dhatu-vada.[45]
The critical Buddhism approach has, in turn, recently been characterised as operating with a restricted definition of Buddhism. Paul Williams comments:
At least some ways of understanding the tathagatagarbha contravene the teachings of not-Self, or the Madhyamika idea of emptiness. And these ways of understanding the tathagatagarbha were and are widespread in Mahāyāna Buddhism. Yet by their own self-definition they are Buddhist.[46]
Yogacara explains "emptiness" in an analysis of the way we perceive "things". Everything we conceive of is the result of the working of the five skandhas: form, perception, feeling, volition and discrimination.[note 9] The five skandhas together create consciousness. The "things" we are conscious of are "mere concepts", not 'das Ding an sich' or 'the thing in itself'.[47]
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism developed five main schools. The Madhyamika philosophy obtained a central position in the Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya and Gelugpa schools. The Jonang school, which until recently was thought to be extinct, developed a different interpretation of ultimate truth.
The Sakya school originated in the 11th century. It rose to power in the 13th century.[48]
Emptiness in Mādhyamaka has a second aspect. Through logical analyses it is shown that conceptual thought is dichotomizing yet "reality" (or lack of it) is free from all extremes. Gorampa Sonam Senge (1429-1489), an important philosopher in the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism who established one of the definitive Tibetan understandings of Prasangika, therefore makes his ultimate truth a liberating insight that is free from grasping the mind.[49]
The Jonang school originated in the 12th century. Tsongkhapa strongly opposed the Jonang school, whose views he "deemed to be [...] dharmically incorrect".[50]
In the Tibetan Jonang school, only the Buddha and the Buddha Nature are viewed as not intrinsically empty, but as truly real, unconditioned, and replete with eternal, changeless virtues.[51] The Buddha Nature (tathagatagarbha) is only empty of what is impermanent and conditioned, not of its own self. The Buddha Nature is truly real, and primordially present in all beings.
An important Tibetan treatise on Emptiness and the Buddha Nature is found in the scholar-monk Dolpopa's voluminous study, Mountain Doctrine.[36] It...
... follows the format, inherited from India, of a presentation by way of both reasoning and scripture - the sciptural citations being so rich that the book can also be considered an inspiring anthology, a veritable treasure-trove of literature about the matrix-of-one-gone-thus.[52]
In this vast Mountain Doctrine, Dolpopa describes the Buddha Nature as ...
[N]on-material emptiness, emptiness that is far from an annihilatory emptiness, great emptiness that is the ultimate pristine wisdom of superiors ...buddha earlier than all buddhas, ... causeless original buddha.[53]
The Buddha-nature is filled with eternal powers and virtues:
[P]ermanent, stable, eternal, everlasting. Not compounded by causes and conditions, the matrix-of-one-gone-thus is intrinsically endowed with ultimate buddha qualities of body, speech, and mind such as the ten powers; it is not something that did not exist before and is newly produced; it is self-arisen.'[54]
Dolpopa also cites the Angulimaliya Sutra's contrast between empty phenomena such as the moral and emotional afflictions (kleshas), which are like ephemeral hailstones, and the enduring, eternal Buddha, which is like a precious gem:
Empty phenomena are other [different]; non-empty phenomena are other [different]. The tens of millions of afflictive emotions like hail-stones are empty. The phenomena in the class of non-virtues, like hail-stones, quickly disintegrate. Buddha, like a vaidurya jewel, is permanent [...] The liberation of a buddha also is form [...] do not make a discrimination of non-division, saying, "The character of liberation is empty".'[55]
The Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism is the most influential of the four Tibetan Buddhist schools. It was founded in the beginning of the 15th by Tsongkhapa (1357- 1419), who was "strongly scholastic in orientation and encouraged the study of the great Indian masters of philosophy".[50]
The 14th Dalai Lama, who generally speaks from the Gelugpa version of the Mādhyamaka-Prasaṅgika, states:
According to the theory of emptiness, any belief in an objective reality grounded in the assumption of intrinsic, independent existence is simply untenable.
All things and events, whether 'material', mental or even abstract concepts like time, are devoid of objective, independent existence [...] [T]hings and events are 'empty' in that they can never possess any immutable essence, intrinsic reality or absolute 'being' that affords independence.[56]
The Tibetan Yungdrung Bon-tradition regards the Ma Gyu, or Mother Tantra, as the highest tantra. Its views are close to Dzogchen.[57][58] It sees waking life as an illusion, from which we have to wake up, just as we recognize dreams to be illusions.[59] Sunyata is the lack of inherent existence.[60] The Mother Tantra uses ...
...examples, similes and metaphors that we can ponder in order to better understand this illusory nature of both dream and waking life".[61]
These "examples, similes and metaphors" ...
...stress the lack of inherent existence and the unity of experience and experiencer. In the sutra teachings we call this "emptiness," in tantra "illusion," and in Dzogchen "the single sphere."[60]
Chinese Buddhism
When Buddhism was introduced in China it was understood in terms of its own culture. Various sects struggled to attain an understanding of the Indian texts. The Tathāgatagarbha Sutras and the idea of the Buddha-nature were endorsed, because of the perceived similarities with the Tao, which was understood as a transcendental reality underlying the world of appearances. Sunyata at first was also understood as pointing to transcendental reality.[62] It took Chinese Buddhism several centuries to realize that sunyata does not refer to an essential transcendental reality underneath or behind the world of appearances.[62]
The influence of those various doctrinal and textual backgrounds is still discernable in Zen. Zen teachers still mention the Buddha-nature, but the Zen tradition also emphasizes that Buddha-nature is Sunyata, the absence of an independent and substantial "self".[62]
Influence on Advaita Vedanta
Gaudapada, who was strongly influenced by Buddhism, borrowed the concept of "ajāta" from Nagajurna's Madhyamaka philosophy,[63][64] which uses the term "anutpāda":[65]
- "An" means "not", or "non"
- "Utpāda" means "genesis", "coming forth", "birth"[66]
Taken together "anutpāda" means "having no origin", "not coming into existence", "not taking effect", "non-production".[67]
The Buddhist tradition usually uses the term "anutpāda" for the absence of an origin[63][65] or sunyata.[68] The term is also used in the Lankavatara Sutra.[69] According to D.T Suzuki, "anutpada" is not the opposite of "utpada", but transcends opposites. It is the seeing into the true nature of existence,[70] the seeing that "all objects are without self-substance".[71]
"Ajātivāda" is the fundamental philosophical doctrine of Gaudapada.[72] According to Gaudapada, the Absolute is not subject to birth, change and death. The Absolute is aja, the unborn eternal.[72] The empirical world of appearances is considered unreal, and not absolutely existent.[72]
Gaudapada's perspective is quite different from Nagarjuna.[73] Gaudapada's perspective is based on the Mandukya Upanishad.[73] In the Mandukya Karika, Gaudapada's commentary on the Mandukya Upanishad, Gaudapada sets forth his perspective. According to Gaudapada, Brahman cannot undergo alteration, so the phenomenal world cannot arise from Brahman. If the world cannot arise, yet is an empirical fact, then the world has to be an unreal[note 10] appearance of Brahman. And if the phenomenal world is an unreal appearance, then there is no real origination or destruction, only apparent origination or destruction. From the level of ultimate truth (paramārthatā) the phenomenal world is Maya.[73]
As stated in Gaudapada's Karika Chapter II Verse 48:[74]
No jiva ever comes into existence. There exists no cause that can produce it. The supreme truth is that nothing ever is born.[75]
Alternate translations
- Emptiness
- Interdependence (Ringu Tulku)[76]
- Openness
- Transparency (Cohen)
- Spaciousness
- Thusness[77]
See also
- Acosmism (belief that the world is illusory)
- Buddha Nature
- Buddhist philosophy
- Depersonalization
- Derealization
- Determinism
- Kenosis
- Maya (illusion) (Cosmic illusion)
- Nihilism (Belief that nothing is real)
- Performative contradiction
- Vacuous truth
- ^ A common translation is "no-self", without a self, but the Pali canon uses anatta as a singular substantive, meaning "not-self".[3]
- ^ Original: "Rupan śūnyatā śūnyatāiva rupan. Rupan na prithak śūnyatā śūnyatā na prithag rupan. Yad rupan sa śūnyatā ya śūnyatā tad rupan."
- ^ The Five Skandhas are: Form, Feeling, Perceptions, Mental Formations and Consciousness.
- ^ Chapter 21 of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā goes into the reasoning behind this.[19]
- ^ Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 24:18
- ^ Nāgārjuna equates svabhāva (essence) with bhāva (existence) in Chapter 15 of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
- ^ According Dharmakṣema's "Southern" version of the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
- ^ According to the Sanskrit version
- ^ Translations do differ, which makes a difference. Vijñāna can be translated as "consciousness", but also as "discernement".[47]
- ^ C.q. "transitory"
- ^ Suñña - Palikanon.com,
- ^ "The Tibetan Buddhism Reader", edited by Reginald A. Ray, page 96
- ^ Bronkhorst 2009, p. 124.
- ^ Monier-Williams, Sir Monier (2nd edn, 1899) A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Reprinted Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1986: p.1085.
- ^ Indo-European Lexicon. University of Texas http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/ielex/X/P0954.html
- ^ Klein, Anne C. (1991). Knowing Naming & Negation a sourcebook on Tibetan, Sautrantika. Snowlion publications, ISBN 0-937938-21-1
- ^ a b MN 122. See, e.g., Maha-suññata Sutta: The Greater Discourse on Emptiness translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu," Retrieved on 30 July 2013 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.122.than.html
- ^ Bhikkhu 1997d.
- ^ Thanissaro Bhikku, The Buddhist Religions: An Historical Introduction, P 96.
- ^ SN 41.6. See, e.g., Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2004), "SN 41.6 Kamabhu Sutta: With Kamabhu (On the Cessation of Perception & Feeling)," retrieved Feb 4 2009 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn41/sn41.006.than.html.
- ^ MN 43 and SN 41.7. See, e.g., respectively, Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2006), "MN 43 Mahavedalla Sutta: The Greater Set of Questions-and-Answers," retrieved Feb 4 2009 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.043.than.html and, Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2004), "SN 41.7 Godatta Sutta: To Godatta (On Awareness-release)," retrieved Feb 4 2009 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn41/sn41.007.than.html.
- ^ MN 121 and MN 122. See, e.g., respectively, Thanissaro (1997a) and Thanissaro (1997b).
- ^ Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000, pages 68, 134-5.
- ^ Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009, pages 52-3.
- ^ Kalupahan 1994, p. 160-169.
- ^ "The Heart Sutra Prajna Paramita Hrydaya Sutra". Buddhanet.net. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ Williams, Paul (2000). Buddhist Thought Routledge, p140.
- ^ Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge 2000, page 142.
- ^ a b Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason. Snow Lion Publications. 2011, pages 56-58, 405-417.
- ^ Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason. Snow Lion Publications. 2011, pages 56-58, 405-417
- ^ Wasler, Joseph. Nagarjuna in Context. New York: Columibia University Press. 2005, pgs. 225-263.
- ^ Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason. Snow Lion Publications. 2011, pages 66-71, 447-477.
- ^ a b Kalupahana 1992, p. 120.
- ^ Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason. Snow Lion Publications. 2011, pages 40-41, 322-333.
- ^ Kalupahana 1994.
- ^ Loizzo, Joseph. Nāgārjuna's Reason Sixty with Chandrakīrti's Commentary. Columbia University Press. 2007, pg. 196.
- ^ Jackson 1993, p. 57.
- ^ Foreword of Mother of the Buddhas by Lex Hixon, Quest Books, 1993, ISBN 0-8356-0689-9
- ^ Jorge Noguera Ferrer, Revisioning Transpersonal Theory: A Participatory Vision of Human Spirituality. SUNY Press, 2002, page 102.
- ^ Randall Collins, The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change. Harvard University Press, 2000, pages 221-222.
- ^ Jorge Noguera Ferrer, Revisioning Transpersonal Theory: A Participatory Vision of Human Spirituality. SUNY Press, 2002, pages 102-103.
- ^ David J. Kalupahana, Nagarjuna: The Philosophy of the Middle Way. SUNY Press, 1986, page 49.
- ^ Jorge Noguera Ferrer, Revisioning Transpersonal Theory: A Participatory Vision of Human Spirituality. SUNY Press, 2002, pages 102. The quote is from the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā.
- ^ Thanissaro Bhikku, "Emptiness", Access to Insight, 8 March 2011, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/emptiness.html . Retrieved on 30 July 2013.
- ^ a b c Thanissaro Bhikkhu. "The Integrity of Emptiness" Access to Insight, 5 June 2010, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/integrityofemptiness.html . Retrieved on 30 July 2013.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2006.
- ^ Sallie B. King (1997), The Doctrine of Buddha Nature is Impeccably Buddhist. In: Jamie Hubbard (ed.), Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm Over Critical Buddhism, Univ of Hawaii Press 1997, pp. 174-192. ISBN 0824819497
- ^ Professor C.D. Sebastian, Metaphysics and Mysticism in Mahayana Buddhism, 2005, p. 21
- ^ Lai year unknown.
- ^ Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, translated from the Tibetan version
- ^ Dr. Hiromi Habata, Die Zentralasiatischen Sanskrit-Fragmente des Mahaparinirvana-Mahasutra, Indica et Tibetica Verlag, 2007, p. 87
- ^ Heng-Ching Shih. "The Significance Of 'Tathagatagarbha' —- A Positive Expression Of Sunyata".
- ^ a b King, Sallie B. "The Doctrine of Buddha Nature is Impeccably Buddhist. In: Jamie Hubbard (ed.), Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm Over Critical Buddhism, Univ of Hawaii Press 1997, pp. 174-192. ISBN 0824819497" (PDF).
- ^ Yamamoto, Kosho (1975). Mahayanism, Tokyo: Karin Bunko, p.56
- ^ Pruning the Bodhi Tree: the Storm over Critical Buddhism by Jamie Hubbard and Paul Loren Swanson, University of Hawai'i Press, 1997, p. 326
- ^ Paul Williams, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, Second Edition, Routledge, London, 2009, pp. 124, 125
- ^ a b Kalupahana 1992.
- ^ Snelling 1987, p. 202.
- ^ Cabezón, José Ignacio. Freedom from extremes: Gorampa's "Distinguishing the views" and the Polemics of Emptiness. Wisdom Publications, 2007, pages 50-52.
- ^ a b Snelling 1987, p. 207.
- ^ Hopkins 2006, p. 8-16.
- ^ Hopkins 2006, p. 5.
- ^ Hopkins 2006, p. 14.
- ^ Hopkins 2006, p. 8.
- ^ Hopkins 2006, p. 210.
- ^ Dalai Lama (2005). The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science and Spirituality (Hardcover). Broadway. ISBN 0-7679-2066-X & ISBN 978-0-7679-2066-7
- ^ Ligmincha Institute: Sadhanas of the Ma Gyu (Mother Tantra)
- ^ "Ma Gyud - The Mother Tantras". Bon-encyclopedia.wikispaces.com. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ Wangyal Rinpoche 2004, p. 53.
- ^ a b Wangyal Rinpoche 2004, p. 55.
- ^ Wangyal Rinpoche 2004, p. 54.
- ^ a b c Lai Year unknown.
- ^ a b Renard 2010, p. 157.
- ^ Comans 2000, p. 35-36.
- ^ a b Bhattacharya 1943, p. 49.
- ^ UtpādaSanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit,
- ^ AnutpādaSanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit,
- ^ Renard 2010, p. 160.
- ^ Suzuki 1999.
- ^ Suzuki 1999, p. 123-124.
- ^ Suzuki 1999, p. 168.
- ^ a b c Sarma 1996, p. 127.
- ^ a b c Comans 2000, p. 36.
- ^ A Critique Of John Wheeler's "You Were Never Born"Dr. Vemuri Ramesam,
- ^ Mandukya Upanishad with Gaudapada's Karika
- ^ Ringu Tulku 2005, p. 39.
- ^ Inada, Kenneth (Sri Satguru Publications, 1993) Nāgārjuna, a translation of his Mūlamadhyamakakārikā with an introductory essay: pg. 182. http://books.google.com/books?id=UsIKAAAAYAAJ&q=thusness#search_anchor
- Bhikkhu, Thanissaro (trans.) (1997a), Cula-suñña Sutta, Majjhima Nikaya 121, The Lesser Discourse on Emptiness, Access to Insight.
- Bhikkhu, Thanissaro (trans.) (1997b), Maha-suññata Sutta, Majjhima Nikaya 122, The Greater Discourse on Emptiness, Access to Insight.
- Bhikkhu, Thanissaro (trans.) (1997c), Phena Sutta, Samyutta Nikaya XXII.95, Foam, Access to Insight.
- Bhikkhu, Thanissaro (trans.) (1997d), SN 35.85, Suñña Sutta, Empty, Access to Insight.
- Yamamoto, Kosho (trans.); Page, Tony, editor (1999–2000), The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, Nirvana Publications.
- Hurvitz, Leon (trans.) (1976), Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma (The Lotus Sutra), Columbia University Press.
- Bhattacharya, Vidhushekhara (1943), Gauḍapādakārikā, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
- Boruah, Bijoy H. (2000), Atman in Śūnyatā and the Śūnyatā of Atman, South Asia Seminar, University of Texas at Austin.
- Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), Buddhist Teaching in India, Wisdom Publications
- Comans, Michael (2000), The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
- Jackson, Roger R. (1993), Is Enlightenment Possible?, Snow Lion Publications,
- Hopkins, Jeffrey (2006), Mountain Doctrine: Tibet's Fundamental Treatise on Other-Emptiness and the Buddha Matrix, London: Snow Lion
- Kalupahana, David J. (1992), The Principles of Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications
- Kalupahana, David J. (1994), A history of Buddhist philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
- Lai, Whalen (2003), Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. In Antonio S. Cua (ed.): Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy, New York: Routledge
- Rawson, Philip (1991), Sacred Tibet, London, Thames and Hudson,
- Renard, Philip (2010), Non-Dualisme. De directe bevrijdingsweg, Cothen: Uitgeverij Juwelenschip
- Sarma, Chandradhar (1996), The Advaita Tradition in Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
- Snelling, John (1987), The Buddhist handbook. A Complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice, London: Century Paperbacks
- Wangyal Rinpoche, Tenzin (2004), The Tibetan Yogas Of Dream And Sleep, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
External links
- Zach Dorfman, Toward a Buddhist Politics of Freedom (The Montreal Review, September 2011)
- Articles containing Pāli-language text
- Articles containing Sanskrit-language text
- Articles containing Bengali-language text
- Articles containing Chinese-language text
- Articles containing Pinyin-language text
- Articles containing Japanese-language text
- Articles containing Korean-language text
- Articles containing Mongolian-language text
- Articles containing Tibetan-language text
- WorldHeritage articles needing clarification from March 2010
- All articles with unsourced statements
- Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014
- Buddhist philosophical concepts
- Buddhist terminology
- Nothing
- Madhyamaka
- Nondualism


text:
Dinosaur Jr - Matt Dillon directing new Dino Jr. video | Metallica Watcher of Puppets |
**** every good band for not coming to Philidelphia. Seriously, Jeff Tweedy, **** you.
And of course, I spelled Philadelphia wrong. How embarassing.
[...] Festival for a string of North American dates that kick off next week (which we told you about back here). Then the band will back bounce to Europe before returning to these shores in August. Read on [...]
I saw Wilco when they came to San Antonio, Tx. They had people from all over Texas and even some from the sorrounding states come see them. We knew every song... Texas loves Wilco. I guess it's true what they say.. sometimes love just isn't enough.
You are sooo right about the Texas comment, I got to miss a day of school and drive to Dallas and see them there, then in houston at the end of the tour, CANNOT WAIT TO SEE THEM AGAIN (if they come to Texas)


text:
Professor |
João Luís Sobrinho received his Licenciatura and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer
Engineering from the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 1990 and
1995, respectively. During 1995 and 1996, he was a Member of the Technical
Staff at Bell Labs, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; he
further consulted for Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, from 1997 to 1999. He
is currently Associate Professor at the Faculty of Engineering of the University
of Lisbon and a senior Researcher at the Telecommunications Institute. Prof.
Sobrinho is a member of the IEEE and of the ACM. |


text:
Comment Re:Water- we dump it on the ground (Score 2) 678
Actually, there are a number of issues with desalination as it presently exists. The cost of plant construction and operations puts the cost of water supply at roughly triple that of traditional methods. They also depend on fossil fuels and thus contribute to greenhouse gasses. They produce brine and boron contaminants that can not easily be disposed of on either land or sea without potentially significant impact of the wildlife exposed to them. They're kind of a mess, really, as a solution for fresh water when compared to a simple pipeline.