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Execute business processes with Eclipse
STP BPMN Modeler, Eclipse ATL, and Apache ODE
Before you start
This tutorial is for those that would like to learn both Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) XML formats using the Eclipse SOA Tools Platform BPMN Modeler to model a business process, convert BPMN to a BPEL-executable deployable to Apache Orchestration Director Engine (ODE). Using these processes and technologies allows you to model business processes you can quickly validate. If BPMN, BPEL, ODE, STP, or other acronyms used in this tutorial are new to you, see Related topics for explanations.
About this tutorial
This tutorial shows you how to use the Eclipse SOA Tools Platform (STP) to model business processes, converting the resulting Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) file to a Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) with the help of the Eclipse ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL) project, then deploying it to Apache Orchestration Director Engine (ODE).
The process modeled in this tutorial is one where an online Web surfer comes to a Web site to buy toys. The flow of the process continues with a shipping estimator, checking out with a successful order, e-mailing an invoice to the customer, and initiating the shipping process for the toy.
In this tutorial you'll learn how to do the following:
- Install Eclipse STP, Eclipse ATL, the BABEL BPMN2BPEL tools, and Apache ODE
- Model a business process in Eclipse STP
- Transform the Eclipse STP's BPMN format to BABEL's BPMN format
- Transform BABEL's BPMN format to BPEL
- Create an Apache ODE deployment descriptor
- Write Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) for your business process
- Prepare the generated BPEL for deployment
- Deploy to Apache ODE
System requirements
This tutorial requires several technologies that work together. For instance, Apache ODE requires a Web container like Apache Tomcat. Here's the full list:
- Classic Eclipse
- Eclipse is the master platform upon which the Eclipse SOA Tools Platform Project (STP) plug-in runs on. Get the latest version of Eclipse Classic: V3.3.1 was used in this tutorial.
- Eclipse SOA Tools Platform (STP)
- Here, you'll find all the core plug-ins you'll need to develop with the STP. This tutorial uses VI200710300730. Note there are several plug-ins and available different downloads, so be sure to select the one all-in-one package under the SOA Tools Platform All-In-One Packages heading. This package includes all the dependencies listed under the Requirements heading.
- Eclipse ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL)
- You'll use the Eclipse ATL project to perform a transformation, converting Eclipse STP's BPMN to BABEL BPMN. This tutorial uses the version titled ATL Bundle 2.0 Standard Version, under the heading ATL Ready-To-Use Bundles.
- BABEL tools
- To convert BABEL BPMN format to BPEL, these helper tools are required. You'll need to download the Java™ binaries (JAR file) under the BPMN2BPEL bullet. You may also find the downloadable examples and source code useful, as well.
- Apache Orchestration Director Engine (ODE)
- You'll need the Apache ODE to deploy your business process after the dust has settled in your business process development. Download the WAR distribution file. This tutorial uses V1.1.
- Apache Tomcat
- This tutorial uses Apache Tomcat as the servlet container for Apache ODE. However, there are other possibilities, such as Jetty. Get the core ZIP file. This tutorial uses V5.5.25.
- Java technology
- All the tools used in this tutorial require Java technology. Java 6 Update 3 was used in this tutorial.
- Operating system
- You need an operating system capable of running all of the above. We used Windows® when creating this, but you can use a modern version of Mac OS X or Linux®, as well. Adjust locations of files accordingly.
You'll learn more about installing all these tools before you begin using them later. To learn more about other aspects of these tools, see Related topics.
Business processes are an integral part of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and are created using standard XML definitions BPMN and BPEL. In this section, you'll learn more about how business processes fit into the SOA model, and about the two business process XML standards (BPMN and BPEL) and their relationship.
Service-Oriented Architecture
An SOA comprises several services that are accessible and can interact with each other over the Internet. SOA is easy to maintain and deploy since it's done one service at a time. Business processes easily fit into this model, having their own service endpoint, as defined by WSDL that can interact and exchange data with other services over the Internet.
In the next two sections, you'll learn about the business-process modeling and execution formats: BPMN and BPEL.
Business Process Modeling Notation
BPMN essentially defines the business process's tasks, entities, and the arcs between them (the flow among tasks) in XML format. BPMN is the language that the models created using the Eclipse STP BPMN Modeler are converted into. Perhaps a graphical representation of a business process would best explain this concept.
Figure 1. Model of a business process
The image shows a single horizontal flow of a business process cut into three slices, stacked vertically and in order. In Figure 1, the model of a business process was created using the Eclipse STP BPMN Modeler, which you'll use later. You can see where the process starts with the empty circle on the left, with the flow being guided to the right using arrows/arcs, ultimately ending with the empty circle on the right.
BPMN is simply an XML format describing, for example, the model shown in Figure 1. It
contains vertices that correspond to nodes and sequenceEdges
that correspond to
arrows/arcs. Take a look at an example of each in Listing 1.
Listing 1. Sample vertices and sequenceEdges
<vertices xmi:type="bpmn:Activity" xmi:id="_OioEMZ-jEdyW35YU1b0yXQ" iD="_OioEMJ-jEdyW35YU1b0yXQ" outgoingEdges="_PBxeUZ-jEdyW35YU1b0yXQ" incomingEdges="_Pe-XsZ-jEdyW35YU1b0yXQ _PuxHMZ-jEdyW35YU1b0yXQ" name="orderCheck2" activityType="GatewayDataBasedExclusive" looping="false"/> <sequenceEdges xmi:type="bpmn:SequenceEdge" xmi:id="_r1A1oZ-iEdyW35YU1b0yXQ" iD="_r1A1oJ-iEdyW35YU1b0yXQ" source="_mxgfgZ-iEdyW35YU1b0yXQ" target="_exzeA5-iEdyW35YU1b0yXQ"/>
Vertices are essentially nodes or tasks, shown graphically in Figure 1 as
circles, diamonds and squares. In Listing 1, you can see that they have identifiers, as
well as a list of outgoing and incoming edges. Identifiers simply give vertices an ID
that can be referenced as sources and targets of sequenceEdges
(shown in Figure 1 as directional arrows going from
vertice to vertice). The important information in each sequenceEdges
is the source and target attributes that specify the
source vertices and the destination vertices. Please note that this file format is not
executable on Apache ODE as it's only the model of a business process, so you'll use
the Eclipse ATL project and an open source tool written by BABEL to convert the model into an executable.
Business Process Execution Language
As the name implies, BPEL is executable on process engines like Apache Orchestration Director Engine (ODE).
The difference between BPEL and BPMN is that BPEL is more structured, being an
executable language by definition. Instead of vertices and sequenceEdges
, a BPEL XML file contains sequences of instructions
that include invoking a Web service operation and statements like while
loops that can execute a sequence of code again and again if
its condition remains true (see the <condition>
tags after the opening <while>
tag in Listing 2) and if else-if else
In Figure 1 (slice 2) there is one instance where an arc goes backwards. That is how
you code a while
loop using the BPMN Modeler. There, you'll
see the two vertices labeled while1 and while2 that facilitate the correct branching of
processes (while1 combines two input edges into a single output edge, and while2 takes
one input edge and splits it into two output edges). The condition of the while
loop is defined by while_ok
, and if
it remains true, the shippingEstimator
task will be performed
again and again. When the same condition is no longer true, execution breaks and goes to the checkout task.
To see how the above model of a while
loop is then
represented in BPEL, take a peek at Listing 2.
Listing 2. Example while
statement in BPEL
<while> <condition> getVariableProperty(shippingEstimator_data_in,Message)="true" </condition> <invoke name="shippingEstimator" partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" portType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType" operation="shippingEstimator" inputVariable="shippingEstimator_data_in" outputVariable="shippingEstimator_data_out" /> <assign name="postShipping"> <copy> <from variable="shippingEstimator_data_out" part="Message" /> <to variable="shippingEstimator_data_in" part="Message"/> </copy> </assign> </while>
Here, you can see the while
loop model shown in Figure 1
(slice 2) coded in BPEL format, which has the same image of while
loops in other programming languages, except this one is
defined using XML. You'll see this snippet of code again later, where you'll also learn
about more about other BPEL constructs.
Note that the above BPEL is not ready for deployment alone, since it requires a deployment descriptor and WSDL to define the service endpoints for your business process, which you'll also learn to create for an error-free deployment to Apache ODE.
To sum up: BPMN XML defines a graphical model of your business process with nodes and
edges, and BPEL defines an executable model of your business process with executable
constructs like while
loops and if
statements, and statements that call operations on existing Web services.
The business process you'll model is a simple flow of adding a toy to a shopping cart.
Users will have the option to use a shipping estimator (the while
loop you see in Listing 2), check out, and place an order that
can be rejected or accepted, with an accepted order sending an invoice to the customer and placing the order in a shipping queue.
Next, you'll install all the required tools so you can quickly dive into the development of your business process.
Quick installation guide
To get moving onto developing your business process, you're going to quickly install each of the tools from the System requirements section here.
- Eclipse SOA Tools Platform (STP)
- Contains the BPMN Modeler you'll use to model a toy purchasing business process (shown in Figure 1). The output of the BPMN Modeler is a BPMN XML description of the model.
- Eclipse ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL)
- Transforms XML models from one model to another. You'll use it to convert the BPMN output from the STP to BPMN readable by the BABEL tools.
- BABEL tools
- This is a Java command-line tool that converts BABEL BPMN to a preliminary BPEL format you'll tidy and provide deployment descriptors and WSDL format later.
- Apaches Orchestration Director Engine (ODE) and Tomcat
- Apache ODE runs inside Apache Tomcat. Apache ODE is then where you deploy BPEL and accompanying support files on Apache ODE for execution.
Installing Eclipse STP
The Eclipse SOA Tools Platform (STP) is the core tool containing the BPMN Modeler you're going to need to model a business process in this tutorial. Before proceeding with installing the Eclipse STP, you're going to need to grab Classic Eclipse and the Eclipse STP All-In-One..
To install, it's important that you follow these instructions in order:
- Unzip the Classic Eclipse to your programs directory.
- Unzip the Eclipse STP All-In-One to your programs directory (If asked, click overwrite all).
Note that unzipping the Eclipse STP file to the same directory as the Classic Eclipse
ZIP file overwrites various files in the Classic Eclipse directory, effectively merging
the two. Now rename the Eclipse directory STPbpmn_eclipse
. In Windows, run STPbpmn_eclipse/eclipse.exe
Installing Eclipse ATL
The Eclipse ATL project is the tool you're going to use to convert an STP BPMN XML file
to a BABEL BPMN XML file. You should already have downloaded one of the ready to go ATL
bundles (in Windows, the file is named ATL_Bundle_2.0.0RC2_Windows.zip
). Unzip this file to your programs
directory, rename the eclipse
directory to ATL_eclipse
, and presto! Eclipse ATL installation is done.
To start Eclipse ATL in Windows, run ATL_eclipse/eclipse.exe
Installing the BABEL tools
You'll use the BABEL JAR file you download to convert BABEL BPMN XML to BPEL. You'll activate this tool on the command line, so save it to a directory in your programs directory called babelBPMNtoBPEL.
Installing Apache ODE and Tomcat
Since Apache ODE runs inside Tomcat, you'll install Apache Tomcat first. To install
Tomcat, simply move the ZIP file you downloaded (apache-tomcat-5.5.25.zip) from
Apache.org to your programs directory. Now unzip it and set CATALINA_HOME as an
environment variable (c:\apps\apache-tomcat-5.5.25). To do so in Windows, click
Start > Control Panel. Switch to Classic View, then click
System. In the window that pops up, click the Advanced tab, and click
Environment Variables. Under "User variables for ...," click New and
enter in the new environment variable with CATALINA_HOME
the variable name and the path to the Tomcat home directory as the variable value.
Now click OK, click OK again, and one more time, click OK. That should do it for Tomcat.
Installing Apache ODE is simple now. First unzip the file you downloaded (apache-ode-war-1.1.zip) to your programs directory, extract ode.war from within the apache-ode-war-1.1 directory, and copy it to the webapps directory in Tomcat.
Apache ODE and Tomcat are ready to roll. Next, you'll begin using the Eclipse STP BPMN Modeler.
Using the Eclipse STP BPMN Modeler
The STP BPMN Modeler is quite easy to use. You can model just about anything with a simple drag and drop, which is what you'll get to try out in this section. First, you'll learn how to create a BPMN diagram to model visitors purchasing toys on your Web site. Then you'll learn about a few activity types you'll be using in the model. And finally, you'll see how to ultimately model your business process using the BPMN Modeler.
Your first BPMN diagram
Time to start up the Eclipse STP. Because the BPMN Modeler isn't project-based, you're just going to start it off in a generic project.
To create your new project, click File > New > Project. Next, expand the General folder and select Project.
Figure 2. Creating a generic project
Click Next and type in a project name, STPbpmn.
Figure 3. Naming your project
You should now see your new project in the Package Explorer pane. Select it and click File > New > Other. Expand the SOA Tools folder and select Bpmn Diagram.
Figure 4. Creating a new BPMN Diagram
Click Next and enter a file name in the File name space: mybiz_flow
Figure 5. Naming your BPMN diagram
Click Finish to create the BPMN diagram. Your project should now be set up as shown below.
Figure 6. Your project window
Excellent! Now you're ready to being learning about a few activity types, elements shown in the palette on the right.
Introducing activity types
There are various activity types you can use to model your business process. Here are five you'll be using to model yours. Empty Start, under Start Events.
Figure 7. Empty Start event
This activity starts the flow process, the empty circle on the left side of Figure 1. Next is a task, as shown below.
Figure 8. Tasks
Tasks are commands like invoking a Web service. The next two are a couple gateways that allow a process to split into to different directions, exclusively or in parallel. First is the exclusive data-based gateway.
Figure 9. Exclusive data-based gateway
You'll see more of how this works later. In short, it's used to branch the business process into two paths, one for if the order failed and another if the order was a success. Next is the parallel gateway.
Figure 10. Parallel gateway
You can use this gateway to define two tasks that can be executed in parallel, such as sending an invoice to a customer and queuing an order in the shipping department after an order successfully processed. The last activity you'll check out is the Empty End event, an event that terminates the business process.
Figure 11. Empty End event
This is the empty circle on the right side of Figure 1, terminating the business process flow.
Modeling your business process
Now you finally get to model your business process. To begin, click the Empty Start
activity and click a spot in the blue flow panel. Then double-click it and label it
Figure 12. Labeling the start
Click the task activity type, place it to the right of the start circle,
double-click it and label it addToyToCart
Figure 13. Labeling a task
Next, you'll create a new arc from the start circle to the addToyToCart
task. Hover over the right border of the start circle
until a dark solid arrow appears to the right of it, as shown in Figure 14. Click on
the small square box to the right of the solid arrow and drag it to the addToyToCart
Figure 14. Creating a new arc
Let go of the mouse button over the addToyToCart
task, and a
new arc should appear, linking the two together.
Figure 15. A new arc created
There, you've created your first arc. Your business process is coming together. Continue modeling your business process.
Figure 16. Continuing to model the business process
With the aid of the above figure, you should be able to create a new task, viewCart
, and two exclusive data-based gateways that comprise the
loop. Note that you can also label arcs, as shown in
the two arcs coming out of the gateway labeled while2. Simply double-click them, type
in a desired label, click Enter, then drag the label to where you want it.
Continue modeling, as shown below.
Figure 17. Continuing modeling
Here you see the checkout and shippingEstimator
tasks you
can create and hook up as shown. Note that there is an edge going from shippingEstimator
back to the gateway labelled while1: This
ultimately becomes the while
loop you saw in Listing 2. After
the checkout task, you see the equivalent of an if-else
statement with the gateway labeled orderCheck
. If the order
failed, flow moves to the orderFailed
task, and if
successful, you'll move to the parallel gateway labelled orderTasks
. Continue modeling the last bit of the business process.
Figure 18. Finalizing the business process model
Note how the two tasks, emailInvoice
and shippingQueue
are within the parallel gateways. They will be executed
in parallel since their flow does not matter. The parallel flow then meets back up at
and again at orderCheck2
, with the business process terminating at an Empty
End event.
You can now examine the resulting BPMN corresponding to your diagram by double-clicking
the mybiz_flow.bpmn file in your package explorer file. Here, you can see all the
vertices and sequenceEdges
that describe the business process you just modeled.
Congratulations! You've successfully modeled a business process using the BPMN Modeler. Next, you'll begin the transformations to convert the BPMN to BPEL.
Transforming Eclipse STP's BPMN to BPEL
With BPMN in hand, you're ready to convert it to BPEL. To do so, you're going to employ the help of the Eclipse ATL project and tools from BABEL. This conversion process is necessary so you have an executable (BPEL) to work with before deployment to Apache ODE. The role of Eclipse ATL is to perform a transformation on the BPMN to a BPMN format readable by the BABEL tools, which convert the final BPMN to BPEL. You'll begin by creating your first Eclipse ATL project.
Your first Eclipse ATL project
To create your Eclipse ATL project so you can perform a STP BPMN to BABEL BPMN, you need to create a new project within the Eclipse ATL. Start up the ATL (ATL_project/eclipse.exe). Note there are two pre-existing projects: Families2Persons and Tree2List. You can ignore these or delete them altogether since you won't be using them.
Now you'll create a new project to house the transformation rules you're going to set up. Click File > New > ATL Project.
Figure 19. Creating an ATL project
Next, a window pops up asking for a name. Name the project STPbpmnTObabelBPMN, as shown below, then click Finish.
Figure 20. Naming your ATL project
Your ATL project is now created, but more remains. You need to grab a few files from the tutorial download in the Download section. Once you've got the download, extract three files and copy them to your ATL project.
- ATL_project\STPbpmnTObabelBPMN\metamodels\bpmn.ecore
- An EMF file defining the structure for BABEL BPMN files.
- ATL_project\STPbpmnTObabelBPMN\metamodels\stpmodel.ecore
- The EMF file defining the structure for STP BPMN files.
- ATL_project\STPbpmnTObabelBPMN\transformation\bpmn2babel.atl
- This is an ATL file defining the transformation from STP BPMN to BABEL BPMN.
Also, copy the mybiz_flow.bpmn file generated from your Eclipse STP project to your Eclipse ATL project. Your package explorer for your ATL project should now look like Figure 21.
Figure 21. Package Explorer view for ATL project with files copied over
Note that the bpmn2babel.asm file is auto-generated by Eclipse ATL when it compiles the bpmn2babel.atl file.
At this point, your ATL project is created and you're ready to proceed to the transformation.
Transforming STP BPMN to BABEL BPMN
Now it's time to transform the BPMN output from the Eclipse STP BPMN Modeler to a BPMN format readable by the BABEL tools. Before performing the transformation. However, there is one last thing you need to do. As of the current version of the Eclipse STP, there is a bug in the output of the BPMN (it does not conform to the corresponding stpmodel.ecore). To fix, open up the mybiz_flow.bpmn file by double-clicking it in the package explorer window (see Figure 21).
Replace all instances of the following:
Parallel Gateway
Exclusive Data-based Gateway
Empty Start Event
Empty End Event
The BPMN is ready for transformation. To proceed, click Run > Open Run Dialog. In the left-hand column, right-click ATL Transformation, and click New. Name the launch configuration STPbpmnTObabelBPMN, and in the project pane select your project in the name (STPbpmnTObabelBPMN) and the bpmn2babel.atl file in your project, as shown in Figure 22. Then you can select the BPMN and BABEL Ecore metamodels in the metamodels pane by typing in the path to each Ecore file, or by selecting the appropriate workspace button and browsing for it.
Figure 22. Configuring the ATL launch configuration
Then, again shown in Figure 22, you need to choose a source model (mybiz_flow.bpmn) by
entering it directly or clicking Workspace and browsing for the right file in
your project. Since the target model doesn't exist yet (this is the file that gets
generated by Eclipse ATL), you're going to copy the source model file to the target
model file, and type BABEL_
as the prefix to it (see the
source and target model panes in Figure 22).
Quite a lot of information so far, hunh? And there's just one more thing left to do: add a library. To do so, click Add library (shown in bottom left of Figure 22), a window will pop up asking for the name, accept the default, and just click OK. A library will then appear in the Libraries pane (to the right of the Target Models pane in Figure 22). Click the Workspace button, shown below.
Figure 23. Entering the library file to your ATL launch configuration
Browse for the file in your projects transformation directory.
Figure 24. Entering a library
Click OK. Finally! The launch configuration is ready to roll. Make sure to click Apply in the bottom right of the window to save your changes.
To launch to the configuration and perform the transformation, click Run on the bottom right of the window, and voila! You should now notice a new file in the models folder in your ATL project, as shown in Figure 25. This is the BABEL BPMN intermediary format.
Figure 25. Generating BABEL BPMN
Transforming BABEL BPMN to BPEL
To perform the transformation, copy the BABEL_mybiz_flow.bpmn from your Eclipse ATL project to the babelBPMNtoBPEL directory you created earlier when you installed the BABEL tools.
Before proceeding with the remaining transformation, there's one last edit you need to
make to the BABEL_mybiz_flow.bpmn file. First: Notice there are two <babelBpmn:DocumentRoot>
children elements. Remove one of them
(you can compare your file to the one in the babelBPMNtoBPEL directory of the code you
downloaded from the Download section).
Open a console, and change your directory to the babelBPMNtoBPEL containing the
BPMN2BPEL.jar file and the BABEL BPMN file you just created (BABEL_mybiz_flow.bpmn).
Type the following to create BPEL:
java -jar BPMN2BPEL.jar BABEL_mybiz_flow.bpmn
The last few lines from running the above tool creates the following output, as shown in Listing 3, creating a new file, BPEL_BABEL_mybiz_flow.bpmn.bpel.
Listing 3. Transforming from BABEL BPMN to BPEL
328 [main] DEBUG controller.BPMN2BPEL - Step 5: Build the BPEL-Tree. 328 [main] DEBUG controller.BPMN2BPEL - Output the BPEL-XML into a File. 343 [main] DEBUG model.backEnd.EmitterBPEL4BPMN - ChildLIST:1 343 [main] DEBUG controller.BPMN2BPEL - Directory : 343 [main] DEBUG controller.BPMN2BPEL - File : BPEL_BABEL_mybiz_flow.bpmn.bpel
Rename BPEL_BABEL_mybiz_flow.bpmn.bpel to mybiz_flow.bpel and copy it to another
directory: apacheODE_process/mybiz_flow/. Open the BPEL file and notice the while
loop, as
shown below.
Listing 4. while
loop created
<while condition="while_ok"> <invoke name="shippingEstimator" partnerLink="local" portType="localPT" operation="shippingEstimator" inputVariable="shippingEstimator_data_in" outputVariable="shippingEstimator_data_out" /> </while>
Here, you can compare the while
loop created here to the one
you'll end up with in Listing 2. Note that the syntax of the two are different. This is
because the auto-generated version creates an excellent starting place for BPEL
development, a bonus to creating BPEL from scratch.
In the next section, you'll prepare your business process for deployment on Apache ODE.
Preparing a business process for deployment to Apache ODE
You've got BPEL to work with. You'll use this file as a starting point for the BPEL file you'll ultimately deploy to Apache ODE. Before doing that, however, you'll create an Apache ODE deployment descriptor and two WSDL files: one as the service endpoint for your BPEL and another as a supporting service each to facilitate the functionality of your toy purchasing business process.
Writing a deployment descriptor
The deployment descriptor you're about to write tells Apache ODE how to deploy your toy purchasing business process and what services to activate. Create a new file, deploy.xml, and define it as shown below.
Listing 5. Writing an Apache ODE deployment descriptor
<deploy xmlns="http://www.apache.org/ode/schemas/dd/2007/03" xmlns:pns="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor" xmlns:wns="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor.wsdl" xmlns:sns="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/service.wsdl"> <process name="pns:mybiz_flow"> <active>true</active> <provide partnerLink="mybiz_flowPartnerLink"> <service name="wns:mybiz_flowService" port="mybiz_flowPort"/> </provide> <provide partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink"> <service name="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceService" port="mybiz_flow_servicePort"/> </provide> <invoke partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink"> <service name="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceService" port="mybiz_flow_servicePort"/> </invoke> </process> </deploy>
There are a few elements of importance here. The first is the process
element. Notice
that it's named after the name of your BPEL file. This is how it knows which BPEL file
it's referencing. Next, there are two provide
elements that
define partner links that reference service endpoints. The first is the main partner
link associated with your BPEL file, and the second is the supporting partner link.
You'll see how these two partner links get referenced in the two WSDL files you'll
write and later, in the changes you'll make to the BPEL file.
Writing WSDL for your business process
WSDL allows you to expose your toy purchasing business process as a service. Below is a
simple WSDL with a single message, operation, binding, service, and partnerLinkType
, shown below.
Listing 6. Exposing your business process through WSDL
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor.wsdl" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:tns="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor.wsdl" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:plnk="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsbpel/2.0/plnktype"> <wsdl:message name="mybiz_flowMessage"> <wsdl:part name="Message" type="xsd:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:portType name="mybiz_flowPortType"> <wsdl:operation name="execute"> <wsdl:input message="tns:mybiz_flowMessage" name="In"/> <wsdl:output message="tns:mybiz_flowMessage" name="Out"/> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:portType> <wsdl:binding name="mybiz_flowSoapBinding" type="tns:mybiz_flowPortType"> <soap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <wsdl:operation name="execute"> <soap:operation soapAction="" style="rpc"/> <wsdl:input> <soap:body namespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor.wsdl" use="literal"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output> <soap:body namespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor.wsdl" use="literal"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding> <wsdl:service name="mybiz_flowService"> <wsdl:port name="mybiz_flowPort" binding="tns:mybiz_flowSoapBinding"> <soap:address location="http://localhost:8080/ode/processes/mybiz_flow"/> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service> <plnk:partnerLinkType name="mybiz_flowPartnerLinkType"> <plnk:role name="executor" portType="tns:mybiz_flowPortType"/> </plnk:partnerLinkType> </wsdl:definitions>
The WSDL is quite simple, having a single message used for both the input and output to
the execute operation (defined in the portType
element). The
single operation is then bound to a portType
(in the binding
element), bound to a port with the service endpoint defined (in the service
element). The execute
starts off the toy purchasing business process, which you'll see in the next section.
Note the links to your deployment descriptor through the partnerLinkType
. The parter link name, service, and port name are
referenced in the first partnerLink
element in Listing 5. In
your BPEL, you'll reference a service and its bound port through the above partnerLinkType
Writing WSDL to support your business process
To invoke outside Web services, your toy purchasing business process requires partner links. This is why there are two partner links in Listing 5: The second one defines the Web service you'll write in this section, which contains each of the operations for each task in your BPMN. Where the first one is called to activate your business process, this supporting Web service is called by the business process as the flow of the business process is executed. Take a look at the WSDL for it.
Listing 7. Exposing your supporting Web service via WSDL
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/service.wsdl" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:tns="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/service.wsdl" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:plnk="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsbpel/2.0/plnktype"> <wsdl:message name="mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"> <wsdl:part name="Message" type="xsd:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:portType name="mybiz_flow_servicePortType"> <wsdl:operation name="addToyToCart"> <wsdl:input message="tns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage" name="In"/> <wsdl:output message="tns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage" name="Out"/> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:operation name="viewCart"> ... <wsdl:operation name="shippingEstimator"> ... <wsdl:operation name="checkout"> ... <wsdl:operation name="orderFailed"> ... <wsdl:operation name="emailInvoice"> ... <wsdl:operation name="shippingQueue"> ... </wsdl:portType> <wsdl:binding name="mybiz_flow_serviceSoapBinding" type="tns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType"> <soap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <wsdl:operation name="addToyToCart"> <soap:operation soapAction="" style="rpc"/> <wsdl:input> <soap:body namespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/service.wsdl" use="literal"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output> <soap:body namespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/service.wsdl" use="literal"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:operation name="viewCart"> ... <wsdl:operation name="shippingEstimator"> ... <wsdl:operation name="checkout"> ... <wsdl:operation name="orderFailed"> ... <wsdl:operation name="emailInvoice"> ... <wsdl:operation name="shippingQueue"> ... <wsdl:service name="mybiz_flow_serviceService"> <wsdl:port name="mybiz_flow_servicePort" binding="tns:mybiz_flow_serviceSoapBinding"> <soap:address location="http://localhost:8080/ode/processes/mybiz_flow_service"/> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service> <plnk:partnerLinkType name="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLinkType"> <plnk:role name="service" portType="tns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType"/> </plnk:partnerLinkType> </wsdl:definitions>
Visit the Download section to see the full WSDL
definition. Note that there is one operation for each task in the toy purchasing
business process you've defined throughout this tutorial. This Web service's operations
are (for simplicity) defined exactly like the execute
operation in Listing 6, so you won't spend much time on this one. You may wish to expand
them and make them do other things, then take in a Message
of type xsd:string
for their input and output messages, depending on the needs of your business process.
Finalizing the generated BPEL file
The last thing you need to do before you are able to deploy your business process to
Apache ODE is to fill out the BPEL file you generated in Listing 3 for the toy
purchasing business process. You'll need to redefine the Namespaces
and import the two WSDL files you wrote in Listings 6 and 7.
Listing 8. Namespaces
and WSDL imports
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <process name="mybiz_flow" targetNamespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsbpel/2.0/process/executable" xmlns:tns="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:test="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor.wsdl" xmlns:sns="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/service.wsdl" queryLanguage="urn:oasis:names:tc:wsbpel:2.0:sublang:xpath2.0" expressionLanguage="urn:oasis:names:tc:wsbpel:2.0:sublang:xpath2.0" > <import location="mybiz_flow.wsdl" namespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor.wsdl" importType="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" /> <import location="mybiz_flow_service.wsdl" namespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/service.wsdl" importType="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" /> ...
This sets up the BPEL file so you can correctly call out the partner links, message types, services, and operations defined in each of the WSDL files. In fact, you'll list each of the partner links and variables you'll be using in your business process.
Listing 9. Declaring partner links and variables
... namespace="http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/service.wsdl" importType="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" /> <!--bpmn2bpel Version 1.0--> <partnerLinks> <!--List of services participating in this BPEL process--> <partnerLink name="mybiz_flowPartnerLink" partnerLinkType="test:mybiz_flowPartnerLinkType" myRole="me" /> <partnerLink name="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" partnerLinkType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLinkType" partnerRole="service" initializePartnerRole="yes" /> </partnerLinks> <variables> <!--List variables used in this BPEL process--> <variable name="toyChosen" messageType="test:mybiz_flowMessage"/> <variable name="addToyToCart_data_in" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> <variable name="addToyToCart_data_out" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> <variable name="viewCart_data_out" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> <variable name="shippingEstimator_data_in" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> <variable name="shippingEstimator_data_out" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> <variable name="checkout_data_out" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> <variable name="orderFailed_data_out" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> <variable name="emailInvoice_data_out" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> <variable name="shippingQueue_data_out" messageType="sns:mybiz_flow_serviceMessage"/> </variables> ...
Here, you see the two partner links declared. The first is the main partner link that
receives the initial instantiation call (see the receive
element in Listing 10), followed by the partner link that defines a service you'll
invoke for each of the tasks in your business process. In the course of invoking
business processes, variables are needed to copy, store, and read data, and so you can
see each of the ones you need to define above enclosed in two variables elements.
You'll see how execution of the business process begins.
Listing 10. Initiating the flow
... </variables> <sequence name="sequenceComponent_5"> <receive name="ProcessInstantiation" partnerLink="mybiz_flowPartnerLink" portType="test:mybiz_flowPortType" operation="execute" variable="toyChosen" createInstance="yes" /> <assign name="copyToy"> <copy> <from variable="toyChosen" part="Message" /> <to variable="addToyToCart_data_in" part="Message"/> </copy> </assign> <sequence name="sequenceComponent_0"> <invoke name="addToyToCart" partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" portType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType" operation="addToyToCart" inputVariable="addToyToCart_data_in" outputVariable="addToyToCart_data_out" /> <invoke name="viewCart" partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" portType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType" operation="viewCart" inputVariable="addToyToCart_data_out" outputVariable="viewCart_data_out" /> </sequence> ...
First, an outside client needs to invoke the execute operation of the mybiz_flow
service you defined in the mybiz_flow.wsdl file, starting
the flow of the toy purchasing business process. This happens in the receive
element shown in Listing 10 with the payload stored in the
variable. Next, you copy the Message
part of the toyChosen
variable to
the Message
part of the addToyToCart_data_in
variable (since the two don't share the same
type, this copy statement is a required addition), which is the input to the invoking of
the addToyToCart
operation. The output of the addToyToCart
operation is then fed in as the input to the viewCart
operation. Note the flow of execution is exactly the same
as the toy purchasing business process you've modeled previously (see Figure 1).
Continue filling in your BPEL, as shown below.
Listing 11. The while
... outputVariable="viewCart_data_out" /> </sequence> <assign name="preShipping"> <copy> <from variable="viewCart_data_out" part="Message" /> <to variable="shippingEstimator_data_in" part="Message"/> </copy> </assign> <while> <condition> getVariableProperty(shippingEstimator_data_in,Message)="true" </condition> <invoke name="shippingEstimator" partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" portType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType" operation="shippingEstimator" inputVariable="shippingEstimator_data_in" outputVariable="shippingEstimator_data_out" /> <assign name="postShipping"> <copy> <from variable="shippingEstimator_data_out" part="Message" /> <to variable="shippingEstimator_data_in" part="Message"/> </copy> </assign> </while> ...
Upon executing the viewCart
operation, the output is copied
into the shippingEstimator_data_in
variable, used in
computing the while
condition. If the Message
part of the shippingEstimator_data_in
variable equals "true," the while
loop is executed, executing the shippingEstimator
task. Upon calling the shippingEstimator
operation, the output is copied back to the shippingEstimator_data_in
variable, so the while
condition can be re-examined. If the output of the shippingEstimator
operation is anything other than "true," the
execution proceeds with the checkout task.
Listing 12. Verifying an order for checkout
... </while> <sequence name="sequenceComponent_3"> <invoke name="checkout" partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" portType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType" operation="checkout" inputVariable="shippingEstimator_data_in" outputVariable="checkout_data_out" /> <if> <condition> getVariableProperty(checkout_data_out,Message)="failed" </condition> <invoke name="orderFailed" partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" portType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType" operation="orderFailed" inputVariable="checkout_data_out" outputVariable="orderFailed_data_out" /> <else> <flow name="flowComponent_1"> <invoke name="emailInvoice" partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" portType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType" operation="emailInvoice" inputVariable="checkout_data_out" outputVariable="emailInvoice_data_out" /> <invoke name="shippingQueue" partnerLink="mybiz_flow_servicePartnerLink" portType="sns:mybiz_flow_servicePortType" operation="shippingQueue" inputVariable="emailInvoice_data_out" outputVariable="shippingQueue_data_out" /> </flow> </else> </if> </sequence> </sequence> </process>
If the output of the call to the checkout
indicates that the order failed (the Message
part of the
checkout_data_out variable="failed"
), the orderFailed
task executes, terminating the business process. If the
order was successful (the Message
part of the checkout_data_out
variable was anything other than "failed"), the
and shippingQueue
operations are executed in parallel (indicated by the flow element they are enclosed
in), terminating the business process.
Your project is ready for deployment to Apache ODE, which is your next task.
Deploying to Apache ODE
You're into the final step where you'll take the two services you defined via WSDL, the executable (BPEL) toy purchasing business process, and deployment descriptor together in a single directory and deploy to Apache ODE. To deploy the business process, start up Apache Tomcat, which automatically activates Apache ODE. Next, copy the directory containing your deployment descriptor, two WSDL files and BPEL (the apacheODE_process\mybiz_flow directory in the tutorial download) to Apache ODE's processes directory: tomcat-5.5.25/webapps/ode/WEB-INF/processes.
You should see the following output in the Tomcat output console, indicating a successful deployment:
INFO - GeronimoLog.info(79) | Deployment of artifact mybiz_flow successful: \ type="inline">[{http://ibm/dw/ode/bpel/executor}mybiz_flow-40]
You can also see the deployed services running on the server by visiting http://localhost:8080/ode/services/listServices (see Figure 26).
Figure 26. Services deployed successfully
You can see the two Web services you exposed via WSDL with all operations found successfully.
You've effectively gone from business process idea to implementation of that idea in a business process deployed on Apache ODE, now an integral part of your overall SOA.
You've completed the tutorial, with the knowledge to model business processes like the pros. You were also successful at converting the BPMN outputted from the Eclipse STP BPMN Modeler, to BPEL that you were able to prepare and deploy on Apache ODE.
For further extensions of the work initiated here, there is one last hurdle for you to
jump: To implement the mybiz_flow_service
defined in the
WSDL in Listing 7, and there are two ways to do it. First, you can use Axis2 to compile
the WSDL into a Java Web services representation (see Related topics), or you can manually write another business process
to handle each of the invoke elements in your BPEL in succession (see Related topics, and the DynPartner
example in the Apache ODE download).
Also, be sure to see the Related topics for more information on the concepts and technologies introduced in this tutorial.
Downloadable resources
- PDF of this content
- Source code (os-eclipse.stpatlode.bpnmtut.source.zip | 24KB)
Related topics
- Learn more about what you can do with the Eclipse SOA Tools Platform (STP) Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) Modeler.
- To learn more about Apache Orchestration Director Engine (ODE), its accompanying examples (you might want to take a look at the DynPartner example in apache-ode-war-1.1\examples\DynPartner), along with its deployment options, visit the Apache ODE.
- To learn more about what you can do using the Eclipse ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL), visit the Eclipse ATL.
- The bpmn2babel transformation that appears in this tutorial is based on one created for the Bizzy tool. Visit ProS Labs to learn about the Bizzy tool for the generation of business process-driven Web applications.
- Visit BABEL to learn more.
- If you are new to Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), see Wikipedia's Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) for an introduction.
- To learn more about Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) syntax, see the Web Services Business Process Execution Language Version 2.0 primer.
- To learn advanced Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) concepts, check out this list of BPEL movies and articles.
- Read "Use the Eclipse SOA Tools Platform plug-in to build and deploy a Web service" to learn how to use Eclipse STP to build Web services.
- To see STP and Apache Tuscany in action in developing Web services, read "Using the Eclipse SOA Tools Platform plug-in and Apache Tuscany."
- Here's a recent article on how to "Develop asynchronous Web services with Axis2."
- Learn more about how you can use Axis2 to create and compile a Java implementation of a Web service defined by Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) in the Axis2 user manual.
- Answers to your Eclipse questions are available in "What is Eclipse, and how do I use it?"
- Documentation, articles, and downloads of Eclipse are available from the Eclipse Foundation.
- Check out the extensive documentation, tutorials, presentations, and screencasts that illuminate the Eclipse Test & Performance Tools Platform (TPTP).
- Check out the latest Eclipse technology downloads at IBM alphaWorks.
- Check out the "Recommended Eclipse reading list."
- Download Eclipse Platform and other projects from the Eclipse Foundation.
- Browse all the Eclipse content on developerWorks.
- New to Eclipse? Read the developerWorks article "Get started with Eclipse Platform" to learn its origin and architecture, and how to extend Eclipse with plug-ins.
- Expand your Eclipse skills by checking out IBM developerWorks' Eclipse project resources.


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The two unions that represent American Airlines and US Airways mechanics and some other ground workers said Wednesday they have asked the National Mediation Board to declare the two airlines a "single transportation system."
The Transport Workers Union and the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers have already agreed that they would jointly represent the mechanics, fleet service and stores workers they separately represent now.
The NMB application would recognize the two carriers as a single carrier, permitting the TWU-IAW alliance to take over as the bargaining representative for all the affected employees.
Next up would be a joint collective bargaining agreement that would replace the separate contracts at US Airways and American.
American spokesman Paul Flaningan called the joint filing "a positive step in the integration of our two airlines."
TWU international president Harry Lombardo and IAM international president Tom Buffenbarger issued a joint statement:
"Today begins the next step in achieving the airline industry's best labor agreements at the world's largest airline. American Airlines has entered into an era of super-profits and it's now time for our combined 30,000 members at the airline to secure the industry's premier contracts.
"Our members, by pooling resources and uniting in solidarity, present the most formidable labor alliance in the airline industry. Executives and shareholders are profiting handsomely, and this alliance will ensure our members are also rewarded for their hard work and sacrifice."
The NMB had already issued a single-carrier ruling requested by the Association of Professional Flight Attendants (American) and Association of Flight Attendants (US Airways), and as requested by the Communications Workers of America (US Airways) for airport and reservations agents.
In the latter case, the NMB has scheduled an election Aug. 15-Sept. 15 to see if agents at the two airlines want to have a union and if they want it to be the CWA. The CWA in 2013 lost an effort to organize American's agents.
The Allied Pilots Association, which represents AA pilots, has asked the NMB for a single-carrier ruling as well. However, US Airline Pilots Association, which represents US Airways pilots, is fighting such a designation at this time.


text:
Iraqi Intelligence Service
Jihaz Al-Mukhabarat Al-Amma | |
IIS logo
Agency overview | |
Formed | 1973 |
Preceding agency |
Dissolved | 2003 |
Jurisdiction | Government of Iraq |
Headquarters | Baghdad, Iraq |
Agency executive |
Parent agency | Independent |
- For the current Iraqi intelligence agency, see Iraqi National Intelligence Service.
The Iraqi Intelligence Service (Jihaz Al-Mukhabarat Al-Amma), also known as the Mukhabarat, General Directorate of Intelligence, or Party Intelligence, was the main state intelligence organization in Iraq under Saddam Hussein. The IIS was primarily concerned with international intelligence collection and analysis but also performed many activities inside Iraq.
The most important section of the IIS was Directorate 4 – the Secret Service. One of the well known Directors was Rafi' Dahham Mejwel Al-Tikriti (Arabic: رافع دحام مجول التكريتي) the former Iraqi Ambassador to Turkey and the last Chief of the Iraqi Intelligence Service. The Secret Service was tasked with infiltrating both foreign and domestic governments, unions, embassies, and opposition groups. IIS often worked closely with the Iraqi General Security Directorate (the Iraqi equivalent of the FBI) when conducting domestic activities.
IIS is alleged to be responsible for a number of assassinations and attempted assassinations abroad. These include the assassinations of Sheikh Talib al-Suhail al-Tamimi in Beirut (April 1994), Ayatollah Mehdi al-Hakim in Sudan (January 1988), and Dr. Ayad Habashi in Rome (October 1986)[citation needed], as well as the attempted assassinations of President George H.W. Bush, the Emir of Kuwait[1][2] and the former Iraqi Prime Minister Ayad Allawi.[3]
IIS was broken up into a number of Bureaus, which oversaw the individual directorates. The following list gives the directorates divided by bureau, and a brief description of the directorate:[4]
Political Bureau[edit]
- Directorate 4 – Secret Service
- Located inside the headquarters of the IIS, Directorate 4's activities took place in both Iraq and abroad, with agents infiltrated within Iraqi government departments, the Ba'ath Party, associations, unions and organizations, Iraqi embassies[5] and opposition parties. In addition, the Secret Service received information from the Al Hadi Project. The directorate included a number of offices responsible for the collection of information about a specific country or region. These offices included areas for Southeast Asia, Turkey, Iran, America (North and South), Europe, Arab states, Africa and the former Soviet Union. Directorate 4 worked in coordination with Directorates 3, 5, 9, 12, 14 and 18. The last director of Directorate 4 was BG Mohammed Yasin Al Shammari from Mosul.
- Directorate 8 – Technical Affairs
- Located in the headquarters of the ISS, Directorate 8 was responsible for the fingerprinting of all IIS employees and the development of materials needed for covert offensive operations. These included weapons, explosives and poisons. Directorate 8 also assembled cameras, communications equipment and employed many engineers and scientists with advanced degrees. The last director of Directorate 8 was Dr Mohammed al-Masri, who was of Egyptian origin.
- Directorate 9 – Secret Operations
- One of the most important directorates within the IIS. Directorate 9's work was mostly outside Iraq in coordination with Directorates 5, 12, 14 and 18, focusing on operations of sabotage and assassination. The last director of Directorate 9 was MG Abdul Hameed Khalaf al-Bayati, with BG Hussain Abdul Khaliq ad-Douri, from Dour as his Assistant Director.
- Directorate 12 – Electronic Surveillance
- Responsible for the planting, monitoring, and analyzing video and audio surveillance devices within the IIS. Also partially responsible for the forging of currency.
- Directorate 17 – National Security Institute
- Responsible for the training of IIS officers. Located in the Jihad district (possibly at Abu Ghraib in the western suburbs of Baghdad), it contained full living quarters and a supermarket. High-school graduates undertook a three-year course, and college graduates an 18-month course prior to entering the intelligence service as junior officers.
- Planning Office
- Responsible for collecting and analyzing information from around the world, including open sources such as radio, satellite TV, and newspapers.
- Propaganda Office
- Responsible for conducting psychological warfare operations, including the dissemination of false information.
Special Bureau[edit]
- Directorate 5 – Counter-Intelligence
- Responsible for the detection and neutralization of foreign intelligence agents, with a particular focus on Syrian infiltrators. Directorate 5 works in conjunction with Directorates 3, 4, 14 and 18. Undated sources name BG Sadoon Ali al-Tikriti, from Auja as director of Directorate 5, and LTC Ahmed Lahij ad-Dulaimi as Assistant Director.
- Directorate 6 – Mukhabarat Security
- Responsible for the conduct of officers and other members of the ISS. Directorate 6 was responsible for the issuing of papers, passports, and marriage sanctions for all ISS employees. The last director of Directorate 6 was MG Abdul Hameed Yasin al-Ghurairi, with COL Ibrahim al-`Aani as his Assistant.
- Directorate 7 – Al Haakimiya
- The primary interrogation center of the ISS was Al Haakimiya, located opposite the Passport Office on 52nd Street.
- Directorate 19 – Personnel Supervision
- Responsible for surveillance of IIS employees.
- Directorate 22 – Protection
- Responsible for personal protection of senior IIS officials and visiting dignitaries.
- Uncertain designation. Conducted training of agents for the Clandestine operations abroad.
- Rapid intervention force of the IIS, armed with light and semi-heavy weapons.
Administration Bureau[edit]
- Directorate 2 – Administration
- Responsible for all administrative affairs. Directorate 2 was divided into a number of subdivisions:
- Payments and Gifts
- Land and Housing
- Audit
- Security
- Registry
- Word Processing and Typing
- Public Enquiries
- Directorate 10 – Legal Directorate
- Charged with all IIS legal matters. Represents the IIS on joint committees with other government departments and ministries. Also contained the court where IIS prisoners were tried. The last director of Directorate 10 was BG Kamel Qurtasi al-Jenabi, with COL Saadoun Mohammed al-Mashhadani as his Assistant Director.
- Directorate 11 – Accounts
- Located in the headquarters complex. Responsible for financial affairs, and the salaries of all directorates except Directorate 1.
- Directorate 13 – Medical
- Located in the headquarters complex. Responsible for medical examinations of new recruits and medical care for members of the IIS.
- Directorate 15 – Vehicles
- Responsible for the vehicles of the IIS and their maintenance.
- Directorate 16 – Physical Plant
- Responsible for the maintenance, repair, and cleaning of all IIS buildings.
- Directorate 20 – Printing
- Responsible for printing leaflets, books, and forged documents (including passports).
- Directorate 27 – Engineering And Construction
- Responsible for the construction of IIS buildings and housing for senior officers.
- Directorate 1 – The Private Office
The office of the director of the Mukhabarat was situated in its own building at the main entrance of the Mukhabarat complex in the Mansour district of Baghdad. All instructions and directives flowed from this office, and the director's meetings with his senior staff took place here. The last Director of the Mukhabarat was Rafi' Dahham Al Tikriti, former director of the Fourth Directorate of the Mukhabarat and former Iraqi Ambassador in Turkey. He assumed his present position on July 1, 1997. The Director up to June 30, 1997 was Mani' Abd Rashid Al Tikriti. The Manager of the Director's Office is Col. `Aayed Al Douri (Abu Tayseer), from Dour, and the Director's secretary is Capt. Muthana Al Tikriti (nephew of Mani' Abd Rashid).
Subdivisions of D1:
The Secretariat Audit Security Salaries Electronic equipment Reception and appointments Internal and external co-ordination
- Directorate 3 – Surveillance
- Situated in the National Security Institute in the Jihad District of Baghdad, Directorate 3 was divided into three subdivisions: mobile surveillance (close pursuit of targets with vehicles); foot surveillance; and stationary surveillance (surveillance of a fixed premises such as a kiosk or shop). The last known director for Directorate 3 was BG Mohammed ad-Douri (Abu Nihad), from Dour, and the last known Assistant Director was LTC Subhi Ibrahim al-Jibouri, from Baiji/Al Siniya.
- Directorate 14 – Special Operations
- One of the largest and most important directorates within the IIS, Directorate 14 was responsible for the most secret and sensitive operations undertaken outside of Iraq. Directorate 14 was also responsible for the training of officers for operations of this nature. The last known director for Directorate 14 was BG Nouri ad-Douri (Abu Ibrahim) from Jadriya.
- Directorate 18 – Iran
- Responsible for the Mujahideen Khalq Organisation (MKO). Directorate 18 issues the orders and tasks for MKO operations in Iraq, Iran, and other countries. The last known director for Directorate 18 was BG Ihsan al-Timmimi (Syed Ihsan), with COL Ali Bilal Hussein ad-Dulaimi as his Assistant Director.
- Directorate 21 – Residency
- Responsible for monitoring the residence permits of foreigners and Arabs in Iraq. Directorate 21 was headquartered in the Karradeh District of Baghdad.
- Directorate 23 – Southern District
- Headquartered in Basra, Directorate 23 was responsible for positions and operations in the south of Iraq. It was charged with following political events and infiltrating countries neighboring southern Iraq.
- Directorate 24 – Northern District
- Headquartered in Mosul with an office in Kirkuk, Directorate 24 was responsible for operations in northern Iraq. Also responsible for infiltrating opposition groups in northern Iraq.
- Directorate 25 – Western District
- Headquartered in Ramadi, Directorate 24 was responsible for operations and recruitment of agents in Syria and Jordan. Also responsible for gun-running and smuggling across the border, and coordinating with opposition parties. The last known director of Directorate 25 was BG Jamal Amr al-Rawi from Rawa
- Directorate 26 – Eastern District
- Headquartered in Karbala, Directorate 26 was responsible for operations in the Karbala Governorate.
- Directorate 28 – Security of MIO
- Directorate 28 was responsible for the security of all Military Industrialization Organization facilities. It was established after the defection of Hussein Kamel al-Majid in August 1995.
Following an unsuccessful assassination attempt by the Ba'ath Party on Iraq's ruler Abdul Karim Qasim in October 1959, Saddam Hussein was placed in charge of Jihaz al Khas (Special Apparatus), sometime between 1964 and 1966. Codenamed Jihaz al-Haneen (Instrument of Yearning), the organisation concentrated on security and intelligence work.
After the Ba'ath Party seized power on July 17, 1968, Saddam expanded the Special Apparatus and took control of the Amn (State Internal Security Department).
Following the failed coup attempt led by Director of Internal Security Nadhim Kzar in 1973, Jihaz was transformed into Da'irat al Mukhabarat al Amah (The General Intelligence Department or the GID).
In 1983, under the leadership of Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, the GID organized the massacres of the villagers of Dujail and Jezan Al Chol, the disappearance of the Barzanis from the Qushtapa camp, and the assassination of 18 members of Ayatollah Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim's family.
As a result of the Gulf War (1991), the department dealing with external affairs was reduced to less than half of its pre-1990 size, while the department dealing with internal affairs was enlarged to deal with increasing anti-Saddam activities within Iraq.
In April 13, 1993, the IIS planned and executed an assassination attempt against former US President George H. W. Bush and the Emir of Kuwait through the use of a large car bomb driven by two Iraqis.[6][7] However the plan was foiled and Kuwaiti officials arrested 16 persons suspected of carrying out the plot after a car bomb was found. Two Iraqi nationals, during the FBI interviews in Kuwait, admitted to attempting to carry out an attack under direction of the IIS. On June 26 of that year, in response to an attempted assassination by IIS on former US President George H. W. Bush, US President Bill Clinton[1][2] ordered two U.S. warships, namely USS Peterson and USS Chancellorsville, to fire Tomahawk cruise missiles on the IIS principal command and control complex in Baghdad.[8] 16 of the 23 missiles hit their target; three struck a residential area, killing nine civilians and wounding 12. Four of the missiles were unaccounted for.
In June 1995, Saddam Hussein dismissed his stepbrother Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti from his role as head of the IIS, due to his failure to increase domestic security within Iraq. Brigadier General Majid Hasan al-Majid was named as his successor.
The IIS was officially dissolved on May 23, 2003 by the Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq, Paul Bremer, per Order Number 2 of the Coalition.[9]
- Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti (1975-?)
- Fadhil al-Barak (1984-1989)[10]
- Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti (1989-1995)
- Ali Hasan al-Majid (1995–2003)
See also[edit]
- Barzan al-Tikriti
- Law enforcement in Iraq
- Directorate of General Security - Former internal Iraqi security agency
- Directorate of General Military Intelligence - Former Iraqi military intelligence agency
- Iraqi Special Security Organization - Former security agency responsible for security of VIP's
- Iraqi National Intelligence Service - сurrent intelligence agency
- ^ a b Richard A. Clarke, Against All Enemies:Inside America's War on Terror, Free Press, 2004, Page 80. (ISBN 0-7432-6045-7)
- ^ a b U.S. Strikes Iraq for Plot to Kill Bush
- ^ http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ayad_Allawi
- ^ The Structure of the Iraqi Intelligence Service
- ^ Schram, Jamie (October 12, 2016) "Saddam Hussein Had A Secret Torture Chamber In NYC", New York Post
- ^ Duelfer, Charles (Sep 30, 2004). "IIS Undeclared Research on Poisons and Toxins for Assassination". Iraq Study Group Final Report. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
- ^ "The Bush assassination attempt". Department of Justice/FBI Laboratory report. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
- ^ Von Drehle, David & Smith, R. Jeffrey (Jun 27, 1993). "U.S. Strikes Iraq for Plot to Kill Bush". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
- ^ Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2
- ^ http://rt.com/op-edge/us-manipulated-public-iraq-636/
External links[edit]
- Iraqi Intelligence Service
- Jihaz al-Mukhabarat al-Amma
- Agency profile: Iraqi intelligence
- US Army Foreign Military Studies Office Document
- Structure of the IIS
- How Do We Know that Iraq Tried to Assassinate President George H.W. Bush?
- So, Did Saddam Hussein Try to Kill Bush's Dad?
- Declassified Department of Defense document on U.S action against Iraq


text:
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Planning Board hearings on two subdivisions proposed for parcels off Hartford Street will be resumed Monday night. The board will begin with a site visit to the Kirby Farm Estates property at 6:30 p.m., and then convene its Town House meeting at 7:30 p.m. The board's agenda includes the eight-lot Dancer Farm residential development as well as the seven-lot Kirby Farm proposal. Kirby Farm is adjacent the Medfield town line, while Dancer Farm is closer to the Westwood line. Documents relating to the subdivisions have been posted on the Planning Board's page at www.doverma.org.


text:
This name possibly derives from the Gaelic "Son of the Snow" or "Tempest".
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text:
Chair Korman will call the meeting to order.
Proposed Action – None
Chair Korman will seek approval of the minutes from the October 16, 2012 meeting.
Proposed Action – Approval
Chair Korman will offer opportunity for open comments concerning items on this agenda.
The Accountability Report is the Board of Governors' (BOG) approach to system-wide performance tracking for each university's commitment to greater accountability and measuring outcomes. The BOG has implemented a comprehensive planning and accountability framework designed to maximize system capacity, and to meet state economic development needs through education as well as research and development. With initial steps achieved in 2009, multi-year university work plans and the BOG's Annual Accountability Reports now reflect each institution's unique mission and core strengths. These work plans were presented for the first time at the BOG's planning session in June 2010. In 2011, the work plans were used to help the BOG make decisions regarding proposals for new degree programs and differential tuition requests. Also that year, the work plans were reviewed on a new timetable that ran concurrently with Legislative Budget Request reviews. This year (2012), the Annual Accountability Report will incorporate the additional metrics that were approved as part of the new Strategic Plan, furthering the framework for complete accountability.
Provost Workman will address the committee and present the University of North Florida's 2011-2012 Accountability Report.
In order to meet accreditation requirements outlined by the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM), the Department of Music has added eight semester hours of foreign language to the Classical Voice concentration of the Music Performance major. This change increases the number of hours required for the degree to 128 semester hours. As a result, the Department of Music is requesting an exception to the 120 credit hour requirement as outlined in the Board of Governors regulation 8.014.
Shawn Brayton, director, Academic Programs and Accreditation Liaison, will address the committee and present this item.
Provost Workman will present information on the recently selected program on predictive analytics. This program is offered by the Education Advisory Board and is part of the Student Success Collaborative.
Chair Korman will adjourn the meeting.


text:
I have it: 8 I had it: 6 I want it: 20
Designers » D E » Donna Karan Floral Fruity « Groups
I have it: 8 I had it: 6 I want it: 20
New 'fragrant skyscraper' by the house of Donna Karan arrives on the market in March 2010. Just like previous editions, this fragrance was inspired by a flight to New York and it celebrates artistic side of this city with an exciting cocktail of notes.
DKNY Women Summer 2010 opens with such notes as magnolia leaves, mandarin, pink guava nectar, mango buds and freesia. A heart blossoms with frangipani, lily of the valley, jasmine and orange blossom. Base notes leave a trail of sandalwood, cedar and blond wood. The fragrance arrives in a pink, transparent flacon decorated with pink stripes.
DKNY Woman Summer 2010 is available as 100 ml EDT limited summer edition.
Perfume rating: 2.85 out of 5 with 15 votes.
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DKNY? i love the scent... very delicious...sweet smell of a woman... i love it
To me it's a regular and strong floral, I didn't smell the fruits at all. I thought I smelled peony, but it must be the accord of other flowers thet deceived me. I think it's quite powerful for a summer fragrance. Maybe better for evenings.
A lush, greeny peony.
I tested it in a store and I liked it a lot. Floral fruity and fresh.As I happened not to like the 2010 Escada summer perfume, I think this one will be a nice option for this season.
The bottle is very elegant.
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Wednesday, October 20, 2010
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love the jacket
Awesome combination!
Loving the washed denim shorts and her 3/4 grey socks..
very stylish.
Great back light shots Scott.
I love the style... great jacket!!
Ivânia Diamond*
lovely! great shot!
I love the socks!!!
Love the tomboy glamour!!!
Oh man this has made my day! Unusual but so effortlessly chic ! Love this woman's style to bits!
i love her hair especially
Effortless and timeless style, she rocks!
nothing is better than charcoal socks and oxfords.
One of my favourite streets in Paris
I love this look
.. yup, definitely a Marais costume
Great jacket.... ;)
tres chic. looks like marion cotillard from the back. love the top - hair, leather jacket - and the men's shoes. Not so sure bout the fabric of the shorts. tweet would be so much better...
Lovely outfit!
Take care,
That's a great pic of a great style…
simple & stylish!
not my cup-o-tea
what i love is the nonchalance of the look,from the bobbie pinned upswept hair to the one sock up and one sock down.
whomever this beautiful woman is..please stop smoking.
you want to live to 100 in good health.
Oh, she is gorgeous. Is this Garance again? I love her hair and her whole ensemble.
I'm not sure how I feel about the one sock up, one sock down. Maybe pick one and go with it? well, one thing I do know is that only the French could pull this one off, including the cigarette these days! Do love her hair though!
I like that leather jacket...!
Loving the socks. Magnifique.
I agree with Dana. This woman certainly looks like Garance. I love her look, the fashion this year is so much like the 80's but in a better, more refined, way. I love the mixture of man and woman, the punkish leather jackets with everything from shorts to dresses.
I have all my leather and suede jackets out and ready to wear. Some are ten years old, a couple brand new. Thats the thing about leather, most of the styles really never go out of fashion. Love the hair up movement, its a great foil to the "boyfriend" thing.
Yes I am with Kathleen and Dana, too. Looks like Garance and her outfit is so interesting and the style is great!
But, remember you cannot see gorgeous Garance without high heels :)
AHHH! i love, i love!
free girl
perfect combination...very cool
I love Paris!
...as you can see:
The baggy rolled up pants and grey socks with the black oxfords, it somehow all works! I think though that in order to truly pull this off you have to be pretty & elfin which this girl clearly is even with a bare glimpse of her face! If not, I don't think its an easy look to emulate effectively.
Love the socks !!!!!
the socks and the boyfriend's pants are so cool together
Casual androgyny.
Top! J'adore!
really like those socks, she's just soo laid back. love it.
We'll always have the Marais...sigh...
Cheers, Alcira
i love her socks..she seems to be really sophisticate:)
It's the cigarette! All the cigarette!
inspiring styling
Great. Great shot I swear ~
This is so cool. It's like she's wearing her man's clothes.
love the socks
too much casual for me! prefer high heels :)
The hair is amazing!
maria ana
very hip and i like the jacket
tuxandtie.blogspot.com | twitter.com/tuxandtie
this is true style for me. choosing clothing that articulates a feeling along with knowing what looks good on your body.
The Covetist
So sorry to say, not feeling the love for this shot:( I don't know why but one word comes to my mind "lazy" Bad me I know.
too cool for school
cool shorts!
what a contrast of style.
head to toe!
She looks cool, yet dangerous...
Love her decontract style^^
I love those ribbed socks.
one of the most amazing photos i've seen on here to date! what a cool outfit
Great style!!!! She rocks
she is fascinating.
i don't love this look, but i do love this woman.
unproprtionate yet incredible!
Effortless stylish! loved the socks!
perfect look!! I love it!!!
God I miss my favourite city.
North America could use a little of this!
I don't know. I'm not sure about the saggy shorts..... but love the photo and her hair.
She looks like a really interesting character: intelligent, not afraid to push boundaries and stir things up a bit. I would buy a magazine that had this shot on the cover.
I love this look, but I'm not sure why. It shouldn't work, the sock pushed down, the funny fitting pants, the sloppiness of it all. And yet... she looks great. That's style.
This is such an incredible confident look. Love it.
ah!!! what an amazing thing to wake up to. super femme/homme original chic on my FAVORITE street to shop in the world!
so fabulous!
I want her leather jacket!
Beautiful blog
great jacket, but altogether too volitional
Wonderful shot, like a '50s movie still.
I've never seen a woman emulating Brando and Dean quite like this.
Antihero biker look, cool walk and the motorbike in the background. Great!
Love how she's crossing the crossing her own way..
Style is knowing who you are. She knows.
Maybe someone noticed, you can always count on me to not like smth. Not this time Love this. Super stylish!
Oh, to have that kind of confidence...
Beautiful shot-- never ceases to amaze how artfully Parisians combine elegance and toughness (a la the leather jacket).
I don't think there's anything sexier than a woman with enough confidence and swagger to pull off such a decidedly "masculine" look. Hello, girl crush!
Hand drawn:
My Closet in Sketches
Totally unexpected lower half as I scrolled down then!
particular and perfect!!!!!this is style
it's in the small things, as always.. the assymetrically pulled up socks. whether it's on purpose or just happened by walking around, it looks great, laid-back but not sloppy thanks to the shoes.
The socks and how they are worn, is the perfect defiant gesture in my way of seeing her. Like she's gonna smoke and wear her shirt out, and still be as gorgeous as ever!
Great post. There is something unkempt about this look that I adore. Keep giving us the goods!
xoxo Monroe
Oh,,, Cècile!! she is always so stilysh.. she does no wrong.
So cool, love.
nice blog.. have a view of my blog when free.. http://www.lonelyreload.blogspot.com .. do leave me some comment / guide if can.. if interested can follow my blog...
This is amazingly original. Ich bin begeistert. She would probably be an interesting friend.
love her attitude more that what she wearing
That works. Girls can do boys. I don't think it works the other way around.
this hurts my eyes...in a good way. absolutely loving it!
love the shoes and school boy socks
Wow! That's masculine.
Earlier in the year there was a post with the guy with the sagging pants and I beleive the question was, is that fashion. Well, I can see the influence here in her sagging bottom shorts. Kinda hard for me to like on either.
Great, she dared!
caro from geneva
Bizar socks
NOW, This is inspirational! Talk about true style-- I am so in love with the motorcycle jacket and the boy shorts... oh, I die.
What a study in contrast....the photos of the lovely,elegant Garance and this young woman.Well I do like her jacket.
I love her attitude, I do not love her outfit. I love the socks and jacket, but do not like the pants, the one rolled up sock and the other rolled down. It just doesn't flow well.
BEST BRACLETS EVER!!! : http://www.vspcompany.com/
Absolutely awesome!! (apart from the cigarette) I will never succumb to thinking cancer sticks are cool. And there are way too many of them in the media now--they can't advertise as easily so they use them in more discreet ways.
This blog is such an amazing reflection of how fashion works. By most standards, this is a terrible outfit but the fact that it is pictured here validates it and, as a result, no shortage of people line up to gush over it.
Great shot though!
Ah, so many things are right about this look. I love it.
Great styling. Looks like she shopped her closet with great success. And then just lit up and walked out onto that great light.
yes yes yes yes yes!!!!
What a great picture! More inspiration from street style!!!
Lose the cigarette!
To be, who you, is freedom!!!)))
I like such style, it is beautiful!!!)))
I love love this - quirky and what joie de vivre!
Well, knock me over...I thought I had to shop for new clothes before I travel to Paris. I have every one of those pieces in my closet, although they have never ever appeared on my body at the same time.
Great combination and sense of style. The jacket is fabulous!
love verything of her!
New entry in my favorite women of your shot
so boyish and yet so feminine!
love it!!!!
Love the shoes.
yes, yes, YES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE this, no-one can get away with that...but she did!
I definitely love her whole look, but the fact that she is smoking ruins it for me.
Like it, would love it if only she'd gone one way or another with the socks. It comes off as being too calculated- it doesn't look like the left one has slipped. Short men's trouser socks in that same color wd've made it perfect.
Cool, cool, cool, cool, cool!
You have to be very selfconfident to wear this style. But i love it!
can someone please tell me where to get that jacket?
such a masculine look. I love it
I wonder what she would think if she saw herself from that angle? Just another reason everyone should be issue a full length mirror at birth.
itz funny how societyhaz made smoking a chic thing to do!!!!!
Looking at the knees down, I expect a kilt from the knees up! I think it's sad to chop up the look of a perfectly good leg this way, but to each their own.
absolutely LOVE this. so cool.
Well, I'm really not a fan of the "Pants On The Ground" look for men or women. I suspect that the trend will lead to the re-emergence of prominmently displayed tramp stamps right above a women's butt.
Looks like Garance raided Scott's closet for the pants, shoes and socks. Wish she didn't smoke.
I love her hair... trés chic ;)
Great!! I love her style:)
ohhh SO inspired!
Lovely! And how relaxed...
Love her hair.
love the hair & pretty profile; not feelin' the outfit so much
so am I the only one who has noticed the sideways back pockets? Like the back of the khakis were cut off and spun around. I love stuff like that! so it is kinda hard to tell if what we're looking at is baggy shorts or a skirt with an odd hem.
The socks make this, classic.
Her hairstyle really matches the jacket!!
love this look and what a cool jacket!
That's really a cool post. I really like it. Keep it up.
Buy Leather Jackets,
Men Leather Blazers
So boyish and feminine at the same time! Love it.
I like your styles and your beautiful leather jacket.
I love the socks and shoes.
what a style. that dress combination looks stylish and comfortable.
loved the jacket.


text:
Q & A — July 2001 By Capt. Ken Kreisler Zipped Against Being Zapped |
electrical connections, proper operating temperature for a diesel, and more.
recently discovered that my VHF signal was weak due to water getting into
the antenna connector. What's the best way to prevent this? J.S.,via
e-mail While you can bend a couple of drip loops in the line to catch and divert any water that may run down the cable, the best way to protect your electronic connectors is by also using adhesive-lined, heat-shrink tubing. Using a hair dryer on high or a heat gun, the tubing will shrink up to 85 percent while the adhesive flows and seals the connection.
As far
as running a diesel in cold operating temperatures is concerned, continued
use can result in sludge formation in the crankcase. Sludge can gum up
valve lifters and stems, as well as pistons and rings. In addition, if
your diesel fuel has a high sulfur content, sulfuric acid can form more
readily and hasten internal corrosion. Cold operating temperatures can
also lead to carbon buildup on such critical components as valves. Checking
the spark plugs is the fastest and easiest way since water will clean
them. If one is measurably cleaner than the others, there is most likely
a water leak in that cylinder. To be
sure, remove all the spark plugs, and if you can find a set of dirty ones,
insert them in place of the clean plugs. Run the engine for 10 minutes,
shut it down, then examine the plugs to see if one is cleaner than the
others. |
This article originally appeared in the May 2003 issue of Power & Motoryacht magazine.


text:
ALK21-013: Efficacy and Safety of Medisorb® Naltrexone (VIVITROL®) in Adults With Opioid Dependence
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This is a Phase 3 multi-center trial designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of VIVITROL® (Medisorb® naltrexone 380 mg) versus placebo when administered to adults upon discharge from inpatient treatment for opioid dependence.
The study was conducted in 2 parts, Part A and Part B. The clinical portion of both parts has completed. Results for Part B are not yet available.
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
Opiate Dependence |
Drug: VIVITROL® 380 mg Drug: Placebo |
Phase 3 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor) Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | Efficacy and Safety of VIVITROL® (Naltrexone for Extended-release Injectable Suspension) in Adults With Opioid Dependence |
- Percentage (%) of Opioid-free Weeks Per Subject in Double-blind Period (Part A) [ Time Frame: 20 weeks ]Included are data from the last 20 weeks of the 24-week double-blind treatment period (Part A). Response profiles for each Arm are based on subjects' individual rates of weekly opioid-free data, including negative urine test results, attendance at study visits, and self-reports of opioid use/non-use.
- Days to Discontinuation During Part A [ Time Frame: 168 days (24 weeks) ]Defined as the duration of study participation and calculated as the number of days from Dose 1 to the day of study discontinuation.
- Craving Score: Change From Baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months (24 weeks) ]Measured using subjects' response on a validated Visual Analog Scale at prespecified weekly visits throughout Part A, with comparison of baseline to end of Part A. The scale ranged from 0 ("No craving") to 100 ("highest possible craving").
- Incidence of Subjects Who Relapsed to Physiologic Opioid Dependence During the 24-week Treatment Period (Part A) [ Time Frame: 24 Weeks ]Assessment of relapse to physiologic opioid dependence was based on individual subjects' results on the naloxone challenge test. A positive naloxone challenge test result was considered as a relapse to physiologic opioid dependence.
- Change in Percentage of Self-reported Opioid-free Days From Baseline to Week 24 [ Time Frame: 24 Weeks ]Opioid use was measured using subjects' entries on a validated Timeline FollowBack (TLFB) calendar in which they recorded their use/non-use of opioids each day.
Enrollment: | 250 |
Study Start Date: | June 2008 |
Study Completion Date: | November 2010 |
Primary Completion Date: | October 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
Experimental: VIVITROL® 380 mg |
Drug: VIVITROL® 380 mg
Administered via intramuscular (IM) injection once every 4 weeks for 24 weeks during Part A, followed by once every 4 weeks for 52 weeks in Part B.
Other Names:
Placebo Comparator: Placebo |
Drug: Placebo
Administered via IM injection once every 4 weeks for 24 weeks during Part A, followed by VIVITROL® 380 mg via IM injection once every 4 weeks for 52 weeks in Part B.
Detailed Description:
Part A was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled assessment of the efficacy and safety of 24 weeks of monthly treatment with VIVITROL compared to placebo in opioid-dependent adults.
Subjects who completed Part A could choose to continue to Part B, which was an open-label extension to assess longer-term safety, durability of effect, health economics, and quality of life (QOL) in the continuing study population for up to 1 year.
At the conclusion of both parts, each completing subject will have received a total of up to 19 injections of study drug over approximately 1.5 years.
Dosing was performed by the principal investigator or designated study staff member.
All subjects received standardized, manual-based psychosocial support at each scheduled visit. Opioid use was tracked through urine drug testing and subjects' self reports. Other evaluations for efficacy and safety, health economics, and quality of life were routinely conducted throughout the study.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Senior) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Primary Inclusion Criteria:
- Written, informed consent
- 18 years of age or older
- Current diagnosis of opioid dependence, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, 4th Ed. (DSM-IV-TR) criteria
- Voluntarily seeking treatment for opioid dependence
- Completing or recently completed up to 30 days of inpatient treatment for opioid detoxification, and off all opioids (including buprenorphine and methadone) for at least 7 days
- Noncustodial, stable residence and phone, plus 1 contact with verifiable address and phone
- Significant other (eg, spouse, relative) willing to supervise compliance with the study visit schedule and procedures
- Agree to use contraception for study duration if of childbearing potential
Primary Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy or lactation
- Clinically significant medical condition or observed abnormalities (eg: physical exam, electrocardiogram (ECG), lab and/or urinalysis findings)
- Positive naloxone challenge test at randomization (Day 0)
- Evidence of hepatic failure including: ascites, bilirubin >10% above upper limit of normal (ULN) and/or esophageal variceal disease
- Past or present history of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-indicator disease in HIV-infected subjects
- Active hepatitis and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) >3xULN
- Current major depression with suicidal ideation, psychosis, bipolar disorder, or any psychiatric disorder that would compromise ability to complete the study
- Recent history (within 6 months prior to screening) of suicidal ideation or attempt
- Dependence within prior year based on DSM-IV-TR, to any drugs other than prescription opioids or heroin, caffeine, marijuana, or nicotine
- Active alcohol dependence within prior 6 months
- Current alcohol use disorder that would, in the Investigator's opinion, preclude successful completion of the study
- Positive urine drug test for cocaine, benzodiazepines, or amphetamines at screening
- Use of oral naltrexone for 7 consecutive days within 60 days prior to screening
- Known intolerance and/or hypersensitivity to naltrexone, carboxymethylcellulose, or polylactide-co-glycolide (PLG)
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00678418
Russian Federation | |
Ethics Committee within the Federal Authority for Healthcare and Social Development Regulation | |
Moscow, Russian Federation, 109074 |
Principal Investigator: | Evgeny Krupitsky, Prof. | Leningrad Regional Addiction Center |
Principal Investigator: | Ruslan Ilyuk, Dr. | Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute |
Principal Investigator: | Edvin Zvartau, Prof. | Saint-Petersburg State Medical University n.a. Pavlov |
Principal Investigator: | Alexander Sofronov, Prof. | Saint-Petersburg Addiction Hospital |
Principal Investigator: | Alexey Egorov, Prof. | Saint-Petersburg Addiction Hospital |
Principal Investigator: | Alexander Okhapkin, Prof. | Addiction Treatment Center, Clinical Facility of Smolensk State Medical Academy |
Principal Investigator: | Nikolay Bokhan, Prof. | Tomsk Mental Health Research Institute |
Principal Investigator: | Vladimir Mendelevich, Prof. | Kazan State Medical University |
Principal Investigator: | Yuri Sivolap, Prof. | Moscow Medical Academy n.a. I.M. Sechenov |
Principal Investigator: | Oleg Eryshev, Prof. | Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute |
Principal Investigator: | Nikolay Ivanets, Prof. | National Addiction Scientific Center |
Principal Investigator: | Vitaliy Sinitskiy, Prof. | Northern State Medical University |
Principal Investigator: | Andrey Anipchenko, Dr. | Saint-Petersburg Addiction Hospital |
Additional Information:
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Responsible Party: | Alkermes, Inc. |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00678418 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
Study First Received: | May 14, 2008 |
Results First Received: | December 20, 2010 |
Last Updated: | December 21, 2016 |
Keywords provided by Alkermes, Inc.:
Addiction Opiate dependence Inpatient detoxification opioid dependence heroin dependence |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Opioid-Related Disorders Substance-Related Disorders Chemically-Induced Disorders Mental Disorders Analgesics, Opioid Naltrexone Narcotics |
Central Nervous System Depressants Physiological Effects of Drugs Analgesics Sensory System Agents Peripheral Nervous System Agents Narcotic Antagonists |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 27, 2017


text:
China's top appliance maker Gree eyes banking business
HONG KONG (Reuters) - A unit of China's Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai 000651.SZ plans to set up a private bank, the second Chinese home appliance player to eye a move into the financial industry after Suning Commerce Group Co Ltd 002024.SZ announced its own plans last month.
Gree, with a market value of $14 billion, said in a filing to the Shenzhen stock exchange late on Wednesday that Zhuhai Gree Group Finance Co Ltd is in initial talks with Zhuhai Hengqin Village Bank, but said no agreement has been reached.
Gree, the country's top appliance maker by sales, gave no further details.
Suning, which is seen by some as China's answer to Best Buy Co Inc (BBY.N: Quote), said in August it had submitted an initial application to authorities to establish a private bank on the mainland, more than a week after Beijing unveiled plans to establish more financial institutions to support cash-starved smaller firms.
The government will support the establishment of more village banks and credit companies in areas where smaller firms are concentrated, according to the guidelines.
The State Administration Industry & Commerce said earlier this month that the name "Suning Bank" was approved for use, fueling hopes that Suning might be the first private company to run a retail bank.
Gree shares were down 4.3 percent on Thursday afternoon, while Suning shares were up 0.8 percent in Shenzhen.
(Reporting by Donny Kwok; Editing by Matt Driskill)
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