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- Museum
- Library
- Publications
- Education
- Plan a Visit
- Events
- Support MdHS
Did you know...
Why become a member?
Explore your roots
Enjoy unlimited free access to the H. Furlong Baldwin Library, which houses over seven million historical documents. Discover your family's history with our extensive genealogical resources. Our experienced library staff is ready to help you get started!
MdHS members are also invited to become joint members of the Maryland Genealogical Society by adding $15 to any Maryland Historical Society membership level. Learn more here.
See Maryland's treasures
Experience the rich and diverse history of Maryland with unlimited free admission to our museum. Visit original manuscripts such as "The Star-Spangled Banner", General Robert E. Lee's camp chair, Napoleon's sister-in-law's tiara and jewels as well as over 350,000 objects from the most significant collection of Maryland cultural artifacts in the world. Exhibits change throughout the year, so you have to visit often to see it all.
Have history at your fingertips
Learn about Maryland history in the comfort of your home with two free subscriptions. Now available online exclusively for members, the Maryland Historical Magazine is a nationally respected scholarly journal published quarterly since 1906. MdHS News provides updates on upcoming events and exhibits in a vibrant, glossy format.
Support educational programs for Maryland school children
This past year, MdHS Educational Programs served over 40,000 children from all Maryland counties. Schools near our Mount Vernon campus enjoy history workshops and museum tours on-site. MdHS reaches out to other schools around the state by providing In-Class Field Trips conducted by experienced museum teachers or Traveling Trunks full of reproduction artifacts and documents, audiovisuals, and lesson plans.


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What to do
...with a kettle
Put all your charcoal and wood chips or pellets to one side and a drip pan on the other. Place the meat over the drip pan, and when you cover the grill, make sure the vent is above the food so that the smoke will be drawn over it. This will allow you to cook the meat at 250°F.
Tools…with gas
Turn on only one of the grill's burners, and put some wood—either in an aluminum foil packet or a cast-iron smoke box—above the flame. (Many higher-end gas grills have a built-in smoke box for wood.) Then place the meat on the other side of the grill.
Marinade? No.
"Cooking will do the tenderizing if you keep the temperature down."
Baste? No.
"It doesn't accomplish anything. Most cooks, I believe, do it as an excuse to peek."
Barbecue sauce? Rarely.
Ray thinks its high sugar content causes it to burn and give food a charred flavor. "To me, barbecue sauce is a condiment to be served on the side."
Spice rub? Yes!
If Dr. BBQ's got a secret, it's this: a spice rub of three parts sugar (turbinado sugar won't burn as easily as others) and two parts salt, with a little granulated onion and garlic powder, chili powder, and a subtle mix of other dried herbs. He'll help the mixture stick to the meat by adding a bit of apple juice (the barbecue cook's equivalent of chicken stock) and creating a "schmear."
Inject? Sure.
To get flavor all the way into the cut, he'll use a food-grade syringe. "If you inject it, the flavor's along for the ride, as opposed to marinating, where the flavor mostly just stays in the dish."

subset: commoncrawl


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Bob-RJ Burkhart
Bob-RJ Burkhart The UPS Store
This UPS5094 location is my MCHSites choice for quick response with quality results!
Bob-RJ Burkhart UPS Store
This UPS2582 location is my first choice for quick response with quality results!
Bob-RJ Burkhart UPS Store
This UPS franchise location is my next choice for quick response with quality results!
Bob-RJ Burkhart Douglas County Extension Master Gardeners
This volunteer organization empowers effective community stewardship in our historic Wakarusa Watershed (aka Dragonfly County Kansas) ... Learn more via Pathfinder Passports HyperPortal @ http://geoventuring-lnt.blogspot.com/2008/08/mbt-2008-experiences-dragonfly-county.html
Bob-RJ Burkhart Veterans of Foreign Wars, Post 852
Effectivly empowering KU-150 Bold Aspirations via Kansas VFW-D2 "Modern Social Change Theory" via A Fight for the Land
Bob-RJ Burkhart Van Go, Inc.
KVHAdventuring commissioned our "Ancient Voices" mobile bench to help honor hidden hometown heroes like Yo-Yo Man Bob Lewis.
His community building through story-telling with Mount Oread's University Relations influenced "shared sense of place" themes now embedded in our Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area CMP for Interpretation & Education ...
This MentroshipART-iFact can be found at the restored Carnegie Library East Entrance ...http://www2.ljworld.com/marketplace/lawrence/businesses/kaw-valley-heritage-alliance/features/10630/
Bob-RJ Burkhart Veterans Of Foreign Wars
Preview Online Desoto Explorer Digital Jaywalker Journal(cc) blog postings via http://www.desotoexplorer.com/weblogs/rjburkhart3/
Bob-RJ Burkhart Willow Ridge Development
In mid-2004, I asked Fort Leavenworth's Fire Chief (George Ramirez) to help co-pilot USNPS-LC200 sequels. We introduced Emergency Preparedness BSA best practices to Monticello Twp's Willow Ridge Home Owner's Association.
Bob-RJ Burkhart Lawrence Breakfast Optimist Club
First up: Halloween Paint-In, organized by Lawrence Parks & Recreation.
Anyone wanting to paint a Halloween scene on a Massachusetts Street window — a family-friendly artistic vision, not vandal-minded graffiti — may submit a sketch to organizer Duane Peterson, who in turn can set you up with a glass canvas and all the wash-off paint you'll need.
Approved participants can be anyone from the third grade and up, and each will receive a T-shirt. Painting commences from 8 a.m. to noon Saturday.
"It's a family-friendly event," Peterson said."
Tabetha Faith, 9, Lawrence, paints herself into a pumpkin's head Saturday as she draws a Halloween image on the window of Capitol Federal Bank at 1046 Vt. Tabetha was participating in the Halloween painting event sponsored by the Downtown Lawrence Association.


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Thursday, January 27th, 2011
By William Kincaid
Celina fire chief explains upkeep costs on trucks
CELINA - Maintenance costs of the city's 34-year-old aerial ladder fire truck and 30-year old pumper tanker have exceeded $10,000 the last three years, according to fire chief Doug Wolters.
At this week's regular council meeting, Wolters discussed the status of the city's two fire trucks that council is considering replacing.
Wolters showed pictures of rust on both vehicles.
He said the aerial truck's cable - used to run electrical controls to the bucket - has dry-rotted and split and needs replaced at an estimated cost of $6,500.
"This cable here ... has electrical tape on it," Wolters said as he showed a picture.
The pumper tanker has little heat and needs body work too, which Wolters estimated between $5,000 and $20,000. Also, its speedometer and fuel gauge do not work properly, he said.
He said maintenance costs during the last three years were $4,667 for the aerial ladder and $8,397 for the pumper tanker.
The trade-in values of both trucks combined is $7,000, Wolters said.
The cost to refurbish the vehicles would be staggering, according to Wolters. He said refurbishing should have been sought when the vehicles were 20 years old; now, it is not feasible.
"Basically you're replacing the whole truck," he said, adding the city would have to comply with all contemporary safety standards.
City council members this week approved second reading of an ordinance to purchase two fire vehicles from Sutphen Fire Trucks of Dublin for $1.38 million.
If legislation is approved, the city would purchase a 2010 demonstration model aerial fire truck with a 100-foot ladder for $908,735 and a new pumper tanker for $463,967.34. The deal also includes a $7,297 allowance for structural changes that may be needed on the trucks.
Additionally, the city also plans to purchase $52,320 worth of equipment for both vehicles.
Purchasing the two trucks now, instead of waiting until later in the year, will save the city $135,750.88, fire chief Doug Wolters said. New emission standards for engines and inflation are expected to increase costs, he said.
Additional online stories for this date
Print and E-Edition only stories for this date
• Committing to the fight
• Student among winners of statewide writing contest
• Agreement reached with design group
• Intentions are good, but proposal is unfair
• Bulldogs will take on Indians without Homan
• Wessel in action on Saturday in Tennessee
• Grand Lake Hoop-la
Friday Night
Saturday Night
Sunday Night
Monday Night
Tuesday Night
Wednesday Night
3 Day


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Stay up to date on new products, promotions, and more!
6in GM NTD Suspension Lift Kit (00-06 Tahoe/Yukon)
We've raised the bar for our popular 6" '00 - '06 Tahoe, Yukon, Suburban Lift! We've phased out our torsion drop kit to offer the more popular and better performing Non Torsion Drop option. This NTD kit is easier to install, handles better than ever, and looks killer from any angle since you won't have that unsightly torsion bar peeking out from the underside of the vehicle. Gain greater clearance, better handling, and the cleanest looking 6" lift available, now at the same great price as our previous torsion kit - just $1299.95! A set of lifted front knuckles and rear coil springs allow your SUV to run up to 35" tires, while a full set of high-clearance crossmembers, differential drop brackets and torsion bar drop brackets keep everything tucked, hidden, and at optimum angles. But the best gets even better: Now included in this kit are a set of front N2.0 Shocks - custom valved to the specifics of your model vehicle, and designed for balanced performance both on and off-road. Front CV spacers, sway-bar links, and a protective skid plate are also included to give you everything you need to get rolling in one of our best kits, at our best price. Read More
- Torsion bars stay in factory location
- Redesigned for easier installation
- Maintains factory ride quality
- Applicable with Auto Trac equipped models
- Unmatched ground clearance
- Axles maintain factory position and angle
- No drivetrain or exhaust modifications required
- Designed to reuse factory compression travel stops
- Includes application valved N2.0 series shock absorbers which offer the best in balanced performance for on and off-road use.
- Frame bracket modification required
- New fabricated lift block replaces your factory equipped block.
- If equipped with factory 17" wheels and purchasing new wheels - the new wheels must be 17" or larger.
- Torsion bar unloading tool required for installation. Available below (#1067)
- Lifted knuckles
- Front crossmember
- Rear crossmember
- Non-torsion bar drop brackets
- Differential drop brackets
- CV spacers
- Lower skid plate
- Sway-bar links
- Hardware
- Lifted coil springs
- (2) Front Premium N2.0 series
Fitment Table
Years | Drive | Make | Model |
2000-2006 | 4WD/2WD | Chevrolet | Tahoe |
2000-2006 | 4WD/2WD | GMC | Yukon |


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Yesterday's announcement that men should not get routine PSA tests to check for hidden prostate cancer is sure to spark controversy for months to come. I believe that the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) made the right decision, and I commend how it came to its conclusion.
On the surface, rejecting the use of a simple blood test that can detect cancer in its early and still-treatable stage sounds foolish. Cynics have been saying it is the handiwork of a group concerned more about health-care rationing and cutting costs than about health. The decision is wise, not foolish, and will improve men's health, not harm it.
The word "cancer" usually brings to mind images of a fast-growing cluster of cells that, without aggressive treatment, will invade other parts of the body, damage health, and potentially kill. That certainly describes many cancers. But not most prostate cancers. Most of the time, prostate cancer is sloth-like. It tends to grow slowly and remain confined to the prostate gland, with many men never knowing during their entire lives that a cancer was present. These slow-growing prostate cancers cause no symptoms and never threaten health or longevity. That means many men with prostate "cancer" never need treatment.
Before the advent of PSA testing in the 1990s, some men learned they had prostate cancer because of symptoms such as trouble urinating or persistent pain in the pelvic region. Others were diagnosed when a doctor performed a rectal exam and felt suspicious bumps on the prostate. These digital rectal exams remain an important part of a man's physical exam since they can spot what are called clinically detectable cancers, for which treatment may still be helpful.
A high PSA level is one way to signal other tests, such as a biopsy, that can tell if cancer cells are present. Unfortunately, it can't tell the difference between a dangerous cancer that requires treatment and one that doesn't. For that reason, most men who have an elevated PSA and a biopsy that shows cancer cells in the prostate choose to have surgery or radiation therapy. Many of them don't need treatment, though, and live with side effects such as impotence, incontinence, and rectal bleeding for naught.
Evidence-based decision
The USPSTF is made up of volunteers from a variety of fields, including internal medicine, family medicine, behavioral health, and preventive medicine. None have financial interests in tests or treatments.
The task force based its recommendation about PSA screening on many studies, but the main focus was on two key randomized clinical trials, the gold standard of medical evidence. One, conducted in Europe, had 11 years of follow up, which is extraordinarily long for clinical trials. It compared the health outcomes of men who were offered PSA screening with the outcomes of men who were not offered the PSA test. The panel looked at clear-cut, measureable endpoints such as death, death from prostate cancer, and rates of infection, impotence, incontinence, and other downsides of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.
In the outcome that mattered the most—death—there was no difference in overall mortality among men who had the PSA test and those who didn't, though there was a small decrease in prostate cancer deaths over the 11 years of follow in the screened population. The researchers calculated that 1,410 men would need to be tested, and 48 additional cases of prostate cancer would need to be treated, to prevent one death from prostate cancer. PSA-based screening slightly reduced the rate of death from prostate cancer, "but was associated with a high risk of overdiagnosis," the authors concluded.
The second trial was the U.S.-based Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Screening Trial. After 13 years of follow-up, the cumulative death rate from prostate cancer was 3.7 deaths per 10,000 person years in the PSA screening group and 3.4 deaths per 10,000 person-years in the control group. Again, no difference. In contrast to the European study, and in keeping with the practice of medicine as currently practiced here in the U.S., there was no difference in the death rate from prostate cancer in the screened group compared to controls.
All trials have flaws, and advocates of PSA screening say that these flaws undermine the USPSTF recommendation. Had these flaws not been present, they say, the results would have supported the benefits of screening. This charge has not been borne out. In addition, the critics base their arguments on results from just two of the countries in the European study, which had better results than the other five.
Moving ahead
For years, I have been counseling my patients about the uncertainties of routine PSA testing, and more importantly, the uncertainties around treating certain prostate cancers once they've been detected.
Many of my patients have chosen to be treated for their prostate cancer. These decisions were made before we know what we do now about PSA testing and subsequent treatment for PSA-detected prostate cancer.
Going forward, making decisions about having the PSA test in the first place to choosing whether or not to start treatment immediately if cancer is diagnosed will have a very different tone, based upon the approach now recommended by the USPSTF. For my patients who will continue to want the test, I will make sure they know that while PSA testing can detect prostate cancer early, many of the cancers it detects will do no harm.
New tests under development may someday be able to tell a dangerous prostate cancer from an indolent one. In the meantime, as I explained in a recent Scientific American article, the practice of medicine should reflect what current studies show, and our decisions should be based upon evidence and not just our beliefs.


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Movie360:My Movies,My Life!
- Publisher: PinGuo Inc.
- Genre: Photo & Video
- Released: 14 Dec, 2011
- Size: 13.0 MB
- Price: $4.99
- App Store Info
*Ever been top1 camera app in 40 countries and one of 'what's hot' of Appstore in America Region;**Everyone has desire to make movies, Movie360 helps you make nice mini movies easily;
Created by the passionate group of Camera360, Movie360 is a Phone Filming App. with real-time filming function. Memories, Sketch, Elegancy, Charm, Magic, Silence, Jelly, Aesthetic, Jewelry, Coldness, Love, Sweet, and Bloom, with these 18 effects, and distinguishing "Pause" function, Movie360 makes it possible for you to record the whole fantastic movie without any trash part at one go. It also can save 1/2 memory space for you by decreasing size of movie files.
Easier, better, and wonderful, Movie360 can make you a cool life director.
Features of Movie360:
No.1 No trash fragments! Great "Pause" function makes it easier to switch effects.
No.2 18 EFFECTs to choose, Memories, Sketch, Elegancy, Charm, Magic, Silence, Jelly, Aesthetic, Jewelry, Coldness, Love, Sweet, and Bloom. At least, one of them will attract you.
No.3 Effects can be switched at anytime during recording, when you think your movie is more fantastic with another effect.
No.4 Movies are displayed on 3D scroll interface, and it is your own cinema. No.5 Just 1/2 of the Normal one, Files of Movie360 are much smaller. By the way, recording time can last as long as two hours.


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How's That New Year's Resolution Going?
March 23, 2015 by Tomima - No Comments
It's Spring and I have to ask: how's that New Year's resolution going? According to usa.gov, the most popular resolutions include lose weight; quit smoking; volunteer; get a better job; exercise to get fit and save money.Not surprisingly, those are also the ones most commonly broken. An article in ...
View more


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Learn about the features that phpBB has to offer.
Give phpBB a try with a fully-featured demo board.
A showcase of popular and unique sites using phpBB.
Learn how you can get involved with the project.
An overview of the new features and improvements in phpBB 3.2 (The new version of phpBB).
Find out who is responsible for all the mayhem.
Have a question the forums don't answer? Come here.
Information if you want to advertise on phpBB.com.
Download the latest stable release of phpBB
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Download or submit extensions to our extensions database.
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Use this form to search for specific members. You do not need to fill out all fields. To match partial data use * as a wildcard. When entering dates use the format YYYY-MM-DD, e.g. 2004-02-29. Use the mark checkboxes to select one or more usernames (several usernames may be accepted depending on the form itself) and click the Select Marked button to return to the previous form.


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This lovely luxury leather handbag is sure to set anyones pulse racing. Made from the finest luxury Italian leather, this bag will undoubtedly grow a firm favourite and bring numerous years of joy and function. Using Maxwell Scott handsome Italian leather, this bag is not only perfect for everyday use, but due to the premium feel and finishing, will look beautiful as a smart evening choice. This bag includes a polished metal postmans lock and two fetching thick shoulder straps.
The Riana is a truly classic must have bag! Fashioned around a classic kelly handbag shape, this luxury leather bag will unavoidably become a wardrobe favourite! Made utilizing some of the finest Italian leather obtainable, this conventional clutch leather kelly handbag will stand you in strong stead for years to come. Often recognized as a classic, this elaborate kelly bag should be loved by either young energetic city workers or dressed country ladies.
Buy Kate Spade Black Carry All Leather Purse Bag at AMPMFashion.com. We sell Kate Spade Handbag at All Handbags. We are the perfect online store for authentic designer handbags, cheap designer handbag, authentic designer handbags and more. We have vast collection of branded fashion accessories like backpacks, fashion designer handbags, wholesale designer handbags, purses and shoulder bags at really affordable price.
Givenchy Tinhan Geometric Hobo Tonal geometric print leather shoulder bag. Double top flat leather handles. Expandable side panels with zip closure. Fully lined interior with patch, zip pockets. Gold hardware. Measures 19" long, 22" high, 6" deep. 7" drop. Black and white Imported
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CC Skye is known for their amazing jewelry but their bags are spectacular as well! This one is extremely unique and a great for any season, against a long sleeve top or a summer dress. Definitely a show stopper! Fergie was seen showing off this purse in black leather with gunmetal, silver hardware. Python-embossed, glazed leather throughout. The closure has a flap that falls over the front of the bag, it locks with a unique turn-lock closure. The shoulder strap features silver chains and a leather flap that goes over the top. The gunmetal chain drapes over the strap. The hardware is silver and it has some weight to it, high quality. Fully lined with a zipper closure pocket on the inside. Approximately 6.5" tall, 11" long and 3" deep. The shoulder strap drop measures approximately 11". All CC SKYE purses come with a 'CC SKYE' dust bag to protect your beautiful handbag in style! Please make sure you read the Tea Leaf Clothing Policies very carefully and agree completely before placing your order. All handbags are FINAL sale.
This little drawstring can be worn over the shoulder with the chain handle or cross-body with the removable strap. Covered pyramids on the bottom front make this bag all the more charming. Magnetic and drawstring closure. Satin lining. 9.5" X 9" with 9" drop. (Also available in red)
A dramatic statement of elegance and chic, this exceptional shoulder bag features a top belt detail with goldtone buckle and a signature corset design that is seductively refined. Made in Italy.
Leather Flap Bag with shoulder strap
Vivienne Westwood Accessories Product Code: 824983 $498.30 * My-advice * Wear It With * Details * Fabric & Care A perfect pop of colour to lift a winter coat. Get glossy with rich bordeaux tones and a fabulously overstated appliqué orb motif. Have a question? Email Customer Services or call +44 845 260 3880 Caped Shoulder Dress by Osman Yousefzada Osman Yousefzada $1,179.75 Black 60 Denier Glossy Tights by Jonathan Aston Jonathan Aston $14.85 Black Nadia Faceted Ring by Lola Rose Lola Rose $146.85 Black patent moc croc tote with appliqué orb motif. Shoulder bag has a zipped inside pocket, stripe canvas lining, phone pocket and moc croc carry straps. Bag fastens with a zip and orb motif zip pull. Bag measures 30 cm x 30 cm x 15 cm.
Botkier Gladiator Satchel in Black # Fine calfskin leather satchel in black # Features brushed-chrome metal hardware # Measures approx. 15"W x 9.5"H x 5"D # Double straps measure approx 20" with 7.5" drop # Interior zip pocket and pouch for cell phone, etc. # Zip closure with front flap and turnlock # 100% fine leather outer, cloth interior
Visit BergdorfGoodman.com for the Dior Croisette Shoulder Flap Bag in Shoulder Bags. This Croisette Shoulder Flap Bag features Black calf leather. Goldtone hardware. Shoulder strap. Flap top with allover ring detail. 10
Put the exclamation point on your personal style with this Melie Bianco Flower shoulder bag! The interesting floral detail will win you over, this is a handbag that you will appreciate for years to come.
zoom Dunlin Mercer Shoulder Bag in Grey/Black * Leather with ribbed fabric lining * Made in USA * Measures approx 26"W x 15"H x 4"H * Chain strap measures approx 19" with 8" drop * Zip top closure * Exterior front pockets * Interior pockets * See fit guide for measurements * Our Style # DUNL-WY1 * Designer Style # DU88-0925-107 $869
Presenting a timeless classic with a modern twist, this lovely Cynthia Rowley Ginny Athene Bowler Handbag is an elegant addition to any wardrobe. Made of high-quality leather, this versatile handbag features contrasting stitches for a dramatic effect, dual straps for comfort and stability, and an easy zip closure. For added security, two working keys promote rock-steady security. For a sleek look that is sure to impress, this sophisticated handbag is a must-have for any fashion-forward woman who seeks a functional beauty. Materials: * Leather * Twill lining Measurements: * 13.5" high * 16" wide * 6.5" deep * 6.5" shoulder drop Item Details: * Zipper closure
* "Village Soft" large black genuine pebbled leather tote with silver-tone hardware from Cole Haan * Part of the Village Soft Collection * Can hold a large wallet, cosmetic case, paperback novel, magazine, digital camera, keys, and a Blackberry * Measures approximately 18" wide x 14" long x 7" deep * Handles measure approximately 14" with a 6" drop * Handles connected to bag by silver-tone buckles * Detachable shoulder strap measure approximately 21" * Shoulder strap connected to bag by silver-tone D-rings and lobster claw clasps * Open-top with hidden center magnetic closure * Handle detail extends to bottom on front, back, and sides of bag * Single pleat decor at front and back of bag * Two (2) open interior front pockets, one with snap tab closure * Interior back zipper pocket with gold-tone lobster claw clasp for keys * Soft dark brown satin lining with logo jacquard print
Go west in this leather like double strap cross body satchel with nylon lining and mobile phone pocket.
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MotoGPete November 15, 2013 12:39 PM Be interesting to see how this goes, perhaps it will be quicker than the factory bikes?!!! Reply Report abuse 23 agree 3 disagree
LLarry November 15, 2013 4:46 PM I think some of you guys are missing the point. It is only a matter of time before the 'Open' spec will be the only choice available for the factories so Ducati are using this as a test bed to integrate their various systems into the standard ECU so when it is obligatory they are ready to go. If this bike ends up being faster than the 'factory' bike then that will be no bad thing. Reply Report abuse 23 agree 4 disagree


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Your Account | Print-Friendly
March 24, 2017
Using the Library
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Catalog This Site Articles
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All Library locations closed Wednesday, March 29
All locations of The Seattle Public Library and the book drops at Central Library will be closed Wednesday, March 29 for a staff in-service day. Regular operating hours will resume Thursday, March 30.
The Library has book groups for adults, children, teens, families, and low-vision, deaf and hard of hearing, and Spanish- and Chinese-speaking patrons.
See the Calendar of Events for a list of book groups at the Library.
See Book Group How-Tos to learn more about starting your own book discussion group.
The Seattle Public Library's book group collection is made possible through the generosity of The Seattle Public Library Foundation. No other library in the country offers such an extensive collection to book groups in their community.
The Library's book group collection consists of more than 350 titles in kits of 12 books.
Book group kits are available to Library-sponsored book groups that meet in Library locations and are facilitated by Library staff. Kits also are available to Seattle book groups that meet at members' homes, businesses, churches, community centers, senior centers and retirement homes.
Book group kits are only available to groups that have been receiving book group kits from the Library prior to 2009. These book groups have already been notified and should have received a special Book Group Library Card. If you haven't received a Library card, please contact us at email@example.com or 206-615-1747. If you have lost your book group card, please call 206-386-4190.
Book groups may now schedule book group kits online using the KitKeeper system. The following information will help you use the new system:
Book Group and KitKeeper FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Go to KitKeeper to request and schedule a Book Group kit online.
Registration is not currently open to new book groups. To be added to our waiting list, send an email to email@example.com. A book group must have a regular monthly meeting date in order to qualify.
For more information, Ask a Librarian:


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Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
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Showing Results: Most Recent
This review is from: SILVERSTONE Black Aluminum skin reinforced plastic front panel, 0.8mm SECC body MILO Series ML03B Micro ATX Media Center / HTPC Case
Pros: Extremely nice looking. I am running this as my HTPC. Have a SSD for the OS, Blue-Ray Play/Burner, and 2x 4TB HDD's all easily fit in the case. Make sure you have 90 degree SATA cables if you are using an optical drive.
Cons: Wish it had filters for the side vents other than that none.
READ FULL REVIEWThis review is from: Brother MFC series MFC-J625DW Up to 35 ppm Black Print Speed 6000 x 1200 dpi Color Print Quality Wireless (802.11 b/g/n) InkJet MFC / All-In-One Color Printer
Pros: I got this primarily so I could do scanning and eliminate all paper from the house. This also gives me the capability to print things in color if needed. I have so far scanned about 2000 pages without a single jam, which can't be said for HP.
All printer drivers for linux is located at welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/index.html
Cons: The installation of the drivers and debian files were a bit painful. You have to save the deb and install them from command line in a certain order.
Other Thoughts: Some helpful installation instructions that worked for me.
The lpr has to be installed before cupswrapper. Then install the other drivers, I did PCFax second...again lpr before cups. Finally the scanner itself, which requires brscan4. Again this has to be installed from terminal with sudo dpkg -i --force-all (file location). Once this is complete you have to get the deb file for normal user operation so download the brother-udev-rule-type1-1.0.0-1.all.deb a link is provided for download at welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_scn1c.html#u13.04. What Brother has failed to update is "/lib/udev/rules.d/40-libsane.rules" file even for 13.04 has to be updated. So use gedit in terminal to open the file and add the
# Brother scanners
ATTRS{idVendor}=="04f9", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"
where they tell you on the website.
i wasn't able to get their scan-key-tool to work...didn't spend that much time on it either tho. Instead I got Gscan2pdf from Unbuntu software center. I would like to see how the scan-key-tool works so will work on that further this weekend.
Regardless overall this thing is Rock solid and well worth every penny. Good Job Brother for a solid product and providing the Linux support we need!!!
This review is from: Microsoft Windows 8 32-bit (Full Version)
Pros: So this is probably the fastest OS I have seen. I have had almost every vs of MS except for Vista. It takes a little getting used to how it works since there is no Start button anymore.
Cons: After installing the OS and then trying to activate the Media Center Pack, the key kept coming up as it was invalid. 3 hours later with Microsoft on the phone, MS stated in order to utilize Media Center you must be running Windows 8 Professional, which then will utilize the Media Center Key. I now get to wait for the Win 8 Pro to try and get my HTPC to work.


text:
PTS will not offer any bus service on Monday, May 30, in observance of Memorial Day. This includes the CATS Summer Bus Route, the Medical Center and the Kentucky Clinic routes. All bus service will resume normal operations on Tuesday, May 31.
Riders can follow the CATS buses using Cat Tracker, the Global Positioning System (GPS)-based tracking for all CATS buses which allows riders to track the buses from a computer or on-the-go. The service is updated in real-time, helping riders plan for delays caused by traffic, accidents or inclement weather. Visit http://uky.transloc.com. TransLoc, the provider PTS selected through a competitive bid process, also offers free iPhone and Android apps, for on-the-go tracking of bus routes.
Members of the campus community are encouraged to tune into 1700 AM (WQKH 253) to hear campus parking and transportation information. The station broadcasts 24 hours, 7 days a week.


text:
Cyclosporine, Pravastatin Sodium, Etoposide, and Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Full Text View
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- How to Read a Study Record
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (M7) Adult Acute Minimally Differentiated Myeloid Leukemia (M0) Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(16;16)(p13;q22) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22) Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a) Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia (M6b) Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
Drug: cyclosporine Drug: pravastatin sodium Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloride Drug: etoposide Procedure: bone marrow aspiration |
Phase 1 Phase 2 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | Cyclosporine Modulation of Drug Resistance in Combination With Pravastatin, Mitoxantrone, and Etoposide for Adult Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Phase 1/2 Study |
- Maximum tolerated doses mitoxantrone hydrochloride and etoposide when combined with cyclosporine and pravastatin sodium [ Time Frame: After completion of first 2 courses ]Assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0.
- CR/CRi rate [ Time Frame: After completion of first 2 courses ]Categorized according to criteria recommended by an International Working Group.
- Disease-free survival of patients that achieve CR/CRi [ Time Frame: Up to 4.5 years ]
- Frequency and severity of regimen-associated toxicities [ Time Frame: Up to 1 month after completion of study treatment ]
- Treatment-related mortality score [ Time Frame: At 28 days ]
Enrollment: | 6 |
Study Start Date: | April 2011 |
Study Completion Date: | March 2012 |
Primary Completion Date: | March 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
Experimental: Treatment (immunosuppression, enzyme inhibitor, and chemo)
Patients receive cyclosporine IV continuously on days 5-9. Patients also receive pravastatin sodium PO every 6 hours on days 1-10, etoposide IV continuously on days 5-9, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV continuously on days 5-9. Treatment repeats for up to 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients achieving CR/CRi may receive 2 additional courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Drug: cyclosporine
Given IV
Other Names:
Drug: pravastatin sodium
Given PO
Other Names:
Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloride
Given IV
Other Names:
Drug: etoposide
Given IV
Other Names:
Procedure: bone marrow aspiration
Correlative studies
Detailed Description:
I. Determine the maximum tolerated doses of mitoxantrone (mitoxantrone hydrochloride) and etoposide in combination with pravastatin (pravastatin sodium) and cyclosporine.
I. Describe the complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete peripheral blood count recovery (CRi) rate after up to 2 cycles of induction therapy.
II. Describe the disease-free survival of patients that achieve CR/CRi. III. Estimate the frequency and severity of regimen-associated toxicities, along with 28-day mortality after start of study treatment.
OUTLINE: This is a phase I/II, dose-escalation study of etoposide and mitoxantrone hydrochloride in combination with pravastatin sodium and cyclosporine.
Patients receive cyclosporine intravenously (IV) continuously on days 5-9. Patients also receive pravastatin sodium orally (PO) every 6 hours on days 1-10, etoposide IV continuously on days 5-9, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV continuously on days 5-9. Treatment repeats for up to 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients achieving CR/CRi may receive 2 additional courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 1 month.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Senior) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Treatment-related mortality (TRM) score =< 9.2 as calculated with simplified model
- Prior morphological diagnosis of AML according to the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria; patients with biphenotypic AML are eligible; patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17)(q22;q12) and variants are ineligible
- Relapsed/persistent disease as defined by International Working Group criteria; outside diagnostic material is acceptable as long as peripheral blood and/or bone marrow slides are reviewed at the study institution; flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood and/or bone marrow should be performed according to institutional practice guidelines
- Patients with prior autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are eligible if relapse occurs > 180 days post-transplant provided symptoms of graft-versus host disease are well controlled with stable use of immunosuppressive agents
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-3, assessed at time of registration
- Should be off any active therapy for AML with the exception of hydroxyurea or low-dose cytarabine (=< 100 mg/m^2) for at least 14 days prior to study registration unless patient has rapidly progressive disease, and all Grade 2-4 non-hematologic toxicities must have resolved
- Bilirubin =< 2 x Institutional Upper Limit of Normal (IULN) unless elevation is thought to be due to hepatic infiltration by AML, Gilbert's syndrome, or hemolysis (assessed within 7 days prior to registration)
- Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 2 x IULN unless elevation is thought to be due to hepatic infiltration by AML (assessed within 7 days prior to registration)
- Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x IULN (assessed within 7 days prior to registration)
- Left ventricular ejection fraction >= 40%, assessed within 28 days prior to registration, e.g. by multi gated acquisition scan (MUGA) scan or echocardiography, or other appropriate diagnostic modality, and no clinical evidence of congestive heart failure; if the patient had anthracycline-based therapy since the most recent cardiac assessment, cardiac evaluation should be repeated if there is clinical or radiographical suspicion of cardiac dysfunction, or if the previous cardiac assessment was abnormal
- Patients with symptoms/signs of hyperleukocytosis or white blood cell (WBC) > 100,000/uL can be treated with leukapheresis prior to enrollment
- Women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation
- Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document; the consent can be obtained from a legally authorized representative if the patient is unable to provide informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
Diagnosis of another malignancy, unless the patient was diagnosed at least 2 years earlier and has been disease-free for at least 6 months following the completion of curative intent therapy with the following exceptions:
- Patients with treated non-melanoma skin cancer, in situ carcinoma, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, regardless of the disease-free duration, are eligible for this study if definitive treatment for the condition has been completed
- Patients with organ-confined prostate cancer with no evidence of recurrent or progressive disease based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values are also eligible for this study if hormonal therapy has been initiated or a radical prostatectomy has been performed
- Refractory/relapsing blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
- Known hypersensitivity to any study drug
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients are excluded if their cluster of differentiation (CD)4 count is below 200 cells/uL or if they have active acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complications, as these patients are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy
- Pregnancy or lactation; women of childbearing potential must undergo pregnancy test within 7 days prior to registration
- Uncontrolled systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection (defined as exhibiting progressive signs/symptoms related to the infection and without improvement, despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment)
- Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01342887
United States, Washington | |
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium | |
Seattle, Washington, United States, 98109 |
Principal Investigator: | Roland Walter | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium |
Responsible Party: | Walter, Roland, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01342887 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
2409.00 NCI-2011-00657 ( Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program) ) |
Study First Received: | April 22, 2011 |
Last Updated: | June 18, 2012 |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Leukemia Leukemia, Myeloid Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute Neoplasms by Histologic Type Neoplasms Myeloproliferative Disorders Bone Marrow Diseases Hematologic Diseases Etoposide Mitoxantrone Etoposide phosphate |
Pravastatin Cyclosporins Cyclosporine Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic Antineoplastic Agents Topoisomerase II Inhibitors Topoisomerase Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Analgesics Sensory System Agents Peripheral Nervous System Agents Physiological Effects of Drugs Anticholesteremic Agents Hypolipidemic Agents |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 30, 2017


text: One Of Jerry Sandusky's Lawyers Says He Was Only Trying To Teach Troubled Youth How To Shower ProperlyJack Dickey12/15/11 1:45amFiled to: Penn state scandalJerry sandusky child abuseJerry sanduskyCollege FootballPenn State Nittany LionsKarl romingerShowersJerry sandusky lawyerNewstweetGettypicTop351EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink A new attorney, Karl Rominger, recently joined up with Jerry Sandusky's defense team, and he's starting to make Lawyerin' Joe Amendola, Sandusky's blundering counsel, look like Larry Tribe. Advertisement Rominger did an interview with ABC 27 in Harrisburg, and he gave the most odious explanation yet for Jerry Sandusky's showering with young boys. He says Sandusky was trying to help, because these kids didn't know how to lather up. Some of these kids don't have basic hygiene skills. Teaching a person to shower at the age of 12 or 14 sounds strange to some people, but people who work with troubled youth will tell you there are a lot of juvenile delinquents and people who are dependent who have to be taught basic life skills like how to put soap on their body.Oh please. Granted, Lawyerin' Karl Rominger may be too busy doing TV to actually read the indictment, but charity work in the shower is not what Sandusky's being accused of. Advertisement Attorney: Sandusky may have been teaching kids to shower [ABC 27, h/t EEA]Reply35 repliesLeave a reply


text:
Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid crystals
Names | |||
Preferred IUPAC name
Benzoic acid[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Benzenecarboxylic acid
Other names
Carboxybenzene; E210; Dracylic acid; Phenylmethanoic acid
Identifiers | |||
3D model (Jmol)
3DMet | B00053 | ||
636131 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChemSpider | |||
DrugBank | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.562 | ||
EC Number | 200-618-2 | ||
E number | E210 (preservatives) | ||
2946 | |||
MeSH | benzoic+acid | ||
PubChem CID
RTECS number | DG0875000 | ||
Properties | |||
Molar mass | 122.12 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless crystalline solid | ||
Odor | faint, pleasant odor | ||
Density | 1.2659 g/cm3 (15 °C) 1.0749 g/cm3 (130 °C)[2] |
Melting point | 122.41 °C (252.34 °F; 395.56 K)[6] | ||
Boiling point | 249.2 °C (480.6 °F; 522.3 K)[7] 370 °C (698 °F; 643 K) decomposes[2] |
1.7 g/L (0 °C) 2.7 g/L (18 °C) 3.44 g/L (25 °C) 5.51 g/L (40 °C) 21.45 g/L (75 °C) 56.31 g/L (100 °C)[2][3] |
Solubility | soluble in acetone, benzene, CCl4, CHCl3, alcohol, ethyl ether, hexane, phenyls, liquid ammonia, acetates | ||
Solubility in methanol | 30 g/100 g (-18 °C) 32.1 g/100 g (-13 °C) 71.5 g/100 g (23 °C)[2] |
Solubility in ethanol | 25.4 g/100 g (-18 °C) 47.1 g/100 g (15 °C) 52.4 g/100 g (19.2 °C) 55.9 g/100 g (23 °C)[2] |
Solubility in acetone | 54.2 g/100 g (20 °C)[2] | ||
Solubility in olive oil | 4.22 g/100 g (25 °C)[2] | ||
Solubility in 1,4-Dioxane | 55.3 g/100 g (25 °C)[2] | ||
log P | 1.87 | ||
Vapor pressure | 0.16 Pa (25 °C) 0.19 kPa (100 °C) 22.6 kPa (200 °C)[4] |
Acidity (pKa) | 4.202[5] | ||
-70.28·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD)
Viscosity | 1.26 mPa (130 °C) | ||
Structure | |||
Monoclinic | |||
planar | |||
1.72 D in Dioxane | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
146.7 J/mol·K[4] | |||
Std molar
entropy (S |
167.6 J/mol·K[2] | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-385.2 kJ/mol[2] | ||
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
-3228 kJ/mol[4] | ||
Hazards | |||
Main hazards | Irritant | ||
Safety data sheet | JT Baker | ||
GHS pictograms | [8] | ||
GHS signal word | Danger | ||
EU classification (DSD)
Xi | ||
R-phrases | R37, R41 | ||
S-phrases | S26, S39 | ||
Flash point | 121.5 °C (250.7 °F; 394.6 K)[7] | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
1700 mg/kg (rat, oral) | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related carboxylic acids
Hydroxybenzoic acids Aminobenzoic acids, Nitrobenzoic acids, Phenylacetic acid |
Related compounds
Benzaldehyde, Benzyl alcohol, Benzoyl chloride, Benzylamine, Benzamide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
verify (what is ?) | |||
Infobox references | |||
Benzoic acid /bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH), is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only known source. Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants[9] and it serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives and benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates /ˈbɛnzoʊ.eɪt/.
Benzoic acid was discovered in the sixteenth century. The dry distillation of gum benzoin was first described by Nostradamus (1556), and then by Alexius Pedemontanus (1560) and Blaise de Vigenère (1596).[10]
Pioneer work in 1830 through a variety of experiences based on amygdalin, obtained from bitter almonds (the fruit of Prunus dulcis) oil by Pierre Robiquet and Antoine Boutron-Charlard, two French chemists, had produced benzaldehyde [11] but they failed in working out a proper interpretation of the structure of amygdalin that would account for it, and thus missed the identification of the benzoyl radical C7H5O. This last step was achieved some few months later (1832) by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler, who determined the composition of benzoic acid.[12] These latter also investigated how hippuric acid is related to benzoic acid.
In 1875 Salkowski discovered the antifungal abilities of benzoic acid, which was used for a long time in the preservation of benzoate-containing cloudberry fruits.[13]
It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. This compound is gathered from the castor sacs of the North American Beaver.
Industrial preparations[edit]
Benzoic acid is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. The process is catalyzed by cobalt or manganese naphthenates. The process uses cheap raw materials, and proceeds in high yield.[citation needed]
The 2014 global production capacity was estimated to be 480,000 tons per year,[14] much of which (45%) is consumed to by the food & beverages industry in the form of derivatives such as sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate.
Laboratory synthesis[edit]
Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation.
Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic solvents for the recrystallization makes this experiment particularly safe. This process usually gives a yield of around 65% [15] The solubility of benzoic acid in over 40 solvents with references to original sources can be found as part of the Open Notebook Science Challenge.[16]
By hydrolysis[edit]
Like other nitriles and amides, benzonitrile and benzamide can be hydrolyzed to benzoic acid or its conjugate base in acid or basic conditions.
From benzaldehyde[edit]
The base-induced disproportionation of benzaldehyde, the Cannizzaro reaction, affords equal amounts of benzoate and benzyl alcohol; the latter can be removed by distillation.
From bromobenzene[edit]
Bromobenzene can be converted to benzoic acid by "carbonation" of the intermediate phenylmagnesium bromide.[17] This synthesis offers a convenient exercise for students to carry out a Grignard reaction, an important class of carbon–carbon bond forming reaction in organic chemistry.[18][19][20][21][22]
From benzyl alcohol[edit]
Benzyl alcohol is refluxed with potassium permanganate or other oxidizing reagents in water. The mixture is hot filtered to remove manganese dioxide and then allowed to cool to afford benzoic acid.
From benzyl chloride[edit]
Benzoic acid can be prepared by oxidation of benzyl chloride in the presence of alkaline KMnO4:
- C6H5CH2Cl + 2 KOH + 2 [O] → C6H5COOH + KCl + H2O
Historical preparation[edit]
The first industrial process involved the reaction of benzotrichloride (trichloromethyl benzene) with calcium hydroxide in water, using iron or iron salts as catalyst. The resulting calcium benzoate is converted to benzoic acid with hydrochloric acid. The product contains significant amounts of chlorinated benzoic acid derivatives. For this reason, benzoic acid for human consumption was obtained by dry distillation of gum benzoin. Food-grade benzoic acid is now produced synthetically.
Benzoic acid is mainly consumed in the production of phenol by oxidative decarboxylation at 300−400 °C:[23]
The temperature required can be lowered to 200 °C by the addition of catalytic amounts of copper(II) salts. The phenol can be converted to cyclohexanol, which is a starting material for nylon synthesis.
Precursor to plasticizers[edit]
Benzoate plasticizers, such as the glycol-, diethyleneglycol-, and triethyleneglycol esters, are obtained by transesterification of methyl benzoate with the corresponding diol. Alternatively these species arise by treatment of benzoylchloride with the diol. These plasticizers are used similarly to those derived from terephthalic acid ester.
Benzoic acid and its salts are used as a food preservatives, represented by the E-numbers E210, E211, E212, and E213. Benzoic acid inhibits the growth of mold, yeast[24] and some bacteria. It is either added directly or created from reactions with its sodium, potassium, or calcium salt. The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. If the intracellular pH changes to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase is decreased by 95%. The efficacy of benzoic acid and benzoate is thus dependent on the pH of the food.[25] Acidic food and beverage like fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbon dioxide), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), pickles (vinegar) or other acidified food are preserved with benzoic acid and benzoates.
Typical levels of use for benzoic acid as a preservative in food are between 0.05–0.1%. Foods in which benzoic acid may be used and maximum levels for its application are controlled by international food law.[26][27]
Concern has been expressed that benzoic acid and its salts may react with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in some soft drinks, forming small quantities of benzene.[28]
Benzoic acid is a constituent of Whitfield's ointment which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea, ringworm, and athlete's foot.[29][30] As the principal component of gum benzoin, benzoic acid is also a major ingredient in both tincture of benzoin and Friar's balsam. Such products have a long history of use as topical antiseptics and inhalant decongestants.
Benzoic acid was used as an expectorant, analgesic, and antiseptic in the early 20th century.[31]
Benzoyl chloride[edit]
Benzoic acid is a precursor to benzoyl chloride, C6H5C(O)Cl by treatment with thionyl chloride, phosgene or one of the chlorides of phosphorus. is an important starting material for several benzoic acid derivates like benzyl benzoate, which is used in artificial flavours and insect repellents.
Niche and laboratory uses[edit]
In teaching laboratories, benzoic acid is a common standard for calibrating a bomb calorimeter.[32]
Biology and health effects[edit]
Benzoic acid is relatively nontoxic. It is excreted as hippuric acid.[33] Benzoic acid is metabolized by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA,[34] which is then metabolized by glycine N-acyltransferase into hippuric acid.[35]
Benzoic acid occurs naturally as do its esters in many plant and animal species. Appreciable amounts have been found in most berries (around 0.05%). Ripe fruits of several Vaccinium species (e.g., cranberry, V. vitis macrocarpon; bilberry, V. myrtillus) contain as much as 0.03–0.13% free benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is also formed in apples after infection with the fungus Nectria galligena. Among animals, benzoic acid has been identified primarily in omnivorous or phytophageous species, e.g., in viscera and muscles of the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) as well as in gland secretions of male muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) or Asian bull elephants (Elephas maximus).[36]
Gum benzoin contains up to 20% of benzoic acid and 40% benzoic acid esters.[37]
Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus is a bacterium species that produces benzoate from phenol via 4-hydroxybenzoate[38]
Benzoic acid is present as part of hippuric acid (N-benzoylglycine) in urine of mammals, especially herbivores (Gr. hippos = horse; ouron = urine). Humans produce about 0.44 g/L hippuric acid per day in their urine, and if the person is exposed to toluene or benzoic acid, it can rise above that level.[39]
For humans, the World Health Organization's International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) suggests a provisional tolerable intake would be 5 mg/kg body weight per day.[36] Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice. Lethal dose for cats can be as low as 300 mg/kg body weight.[40] The oral LD50 for rats is 3040 mg/kg, for mice it is 1940–2263 mg/kg.[36]
In Taipei, Taiwan, a city health survey in 2010 found that 30% of dried and pickled food products had benzoic acid.[41]
Reactions of benzoic acid can occur at either the aromatic ring or at the carboxyl group:
Aromatic ring[edit]
Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction will take place mainly in 3-position due to the electron-withdrawing carboxylic group; i.e. benzoic acid is meta directing.
The second substitution reaction (on the right) is slower because the first nitro group is deactivating.[42] Conversely, if an activating group (electron-donating) was introduced (e.g., alkyl), a second substitution reaction would occur more readily than the first and the disubstituted product might accumulate to a significant extent.
Carboxyl group[edit]
All the reactions mentioned for carboxylic acids are also possible for benzoic acid.
- Benzoic acid esters are the product of the acid catalysed reaction with alcohols.
- Benzoic acid amides are more easily available by using activated acid derivatives (such as benzoyl chloride) or by coupling reagents used in peptide synthesis like DCC and DMAP.
- The more active benzoic anhydride is formed by dehydration using acetic anhydride or phosphorus pentoxide.
- Highly reactive acid derivatives such as acid halides are easily obtained by mixing with halogenation agents like phosphorus chlorides or thionyl chloride.
- Orthoesters can be obtained by the reaction of alcohols under acidic water free conditions with benzonitrile.
- Reduction to benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol is possible using DIBAL-H, LiAlH4 or sodium borohydride.
- The copper catalysed decarboxylation of benzoate to benzene may be effected by heating in quinoline. Also, Hunsdiecker decarboxylation can be achieved by forming the silver salt and heating. Benzoic acid can also be decarboxylated by heating with an alkali hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
- ^ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 745. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=679
- ^ Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1952). [Google Books Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds] Check
value (help). Van Nostrand. Retrieved 2014-05-29. - ^ a b c Benzoic acid in Linstrom, P.J.; Mallard, W.G. (eds.) NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD. http://webbook.nist.gov (retrieved 2014-05-23)
- ^ Harris, Daniel (2010). Quantitative Chemical Analysis (8 ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. AP12. ISBN 9781429254366.
- ^ Melting point of benzoic acid[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the IFA
- ^ a b c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Benzoic acid. Retrieved on 2014-05-23.
- ^ "Scientists uncover last steps for benzoic acid creation in plants". Purdue Agriculture News.
- ^ Neumüller O-A (1988). Römpps Chemie-Lexikon (6 ed.). Stuttgart: Frankh'sche Verlagshandlung. ISBN 3-440-04516-1. OCLC 50969944.
- ^ Nouvelles expériences sur les amandes amères et sur l'huile volatile qu'elles fournissent Robiquet, Boutron-Charlard, Annales de chimie et de physique, 44 (1830), 352–382,
- ^ Liebig J; Wöhler F (1832). "Untersuchungen über das Radikal der Benzoesäure". Annalen der Chemie. 3 (3): 249–282. doi:10.1002/jlac.18320030302.
- ^ Salkowski E (1875). Berl Klin Wochenschr. 12: 297–298. Missing or empty
(help) - ^ Benzoic Acid Market Size, Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Application Development, Price Trend, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2016 – 2023 (Report). GMI340. Global Market Insights. 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- ^ D. D. Perrin; W. L. F. Armarego (1988). Purification of Laboratory Chemicals (3rd ed.). Pergamon Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-08-034715-0.
- ^ solubility of benzoic acid in organic solvents[permanent dead link]
- ^ Donald L. Pavia (2004). Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques: A Small Scale Approach. Thomson Brooks/Cole. pp. 312–314. ISBN 0-534-40833-8.
- ^ Shirley, D. A. (1954). "The Synthesis of Ketones from Acid Halides and Organometallic Compounds of Magnesium, Zinc, and Cadmium". Org. React. 8: 28–58.
- ^ Huryn, D. M. (1991). "Carbanions of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations: (ii) Selectivity of Carbonyl Addition Reactions". In Trost, B. M.; Fleming, I. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, Volume 1: Additions to C—X π-Bonds, Part 1. Elsevier Science. pp. 49–75. ISBN 978-0-08-052349-1.
- ^ Portland Community College. "The Grignard Reaction. Preparation of Benzoic Acid" <http://spot.pcc.edu/~chandy/242/PreparationofBenzoicAcid.pdf>
- ^ University of Wisconsin-Madison. "Experiment 9: Synthesis of Benzoic Acid via Carbonylation of a Grignard Reagent" <http://www.chem.wisc.edu/courses/342/Fall2004/Experiment_9.pdf>
- ^ Towson University. "Experiment 3: Preparation of Benzoic Acid"<http://pages.towson.edu/jdiscord/WWW/332_Lab_Info/332LabsIRPMR/Expt3Grignard.pdf>
- ^ Maki, Takao; Takeda, Kazuo (2000). "Benzoic Acid and Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_555. ISBN 3527306730..
- ^ A D Warth (1 December 1991). "Mechanism of action of benzoic acid on Zygosaccharomyces bailii: effects on glycolytic metabolite levels, energy production, and intracellular pH". Appl Environ Microbiol. 57 (12): 3410–4. PMC 183988. PMID 1785916.
- ^ Pastrorova I, de Koster CG, Boom JJ (1997). "Analytic Study of Free and Ester Bound Benzoic and Cinnamic Acids of Gum Benzoin Resins by GC-MS HPLC-frit FAB-MS". Phytochem Anal. 8 (2): 63–73. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199703)8:2<63::AID-PCA337>3.0.CO;2-Y.
- ^ GSFA Online Food Additive Group Details: Benzoates (2006) Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DIRECTIVE No 95/2/EC of 20 February 1995 on food additives other than colours and sweeteners (Consleg-versions do not contain the latest changes in a law) Archived 19 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ BfR article Indications of the possible formation of benzene from benzoic acid in foods, BfR Expert Opinion No. 013/2006, 1 December 2005
- ^ "Whitfield Ointment".
- ^ Charles Owens Wilson; Ole Gisvold; John H. Block (2004). Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 234. ISBN 0-7817-3481-9.
- ^ Lillard, Benjamin (1919). "Practical druggist and pharmaceutical review of reviews".
- ^ Experiment 2: Using Bomb Calorimetry to Determine the Resonance Energy of Benzene
- ^ Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Bindu Nair (2001). "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate". Int J Tox. 20 (Suppl. 3): 23–50. doi:10.1080/10915810152630729. PMID 11766131.
- ^ "butyrate-CoA ligase". BRENDA. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
ignored (help) - ^ "glycine N-acyltransferase". BRENDA. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
ignored (help) - ^ a b c "Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 26: BENZOIC ACID AND SODIUM BENZOATE".
- ^ Tomokuni K, Ogata M (1972). "Direct Colorimetric Determination of Hippuric Acid in Urine". Clin Chem. 18 (4): 349–351. PMID 5012256.
- ^ Juteau, Pierre; Valérie Côté; Marie-France Duckett; Réjean Beaudet; François Lépine; Richard Villemur; Jean-Guy Bisaillon (January 2005). "Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobe that transforms phenol into benzoate via 4-hydroxybenzoate". IJSEM. 55 (1): 245–250. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02914-0. PMID 15653882.
- ^ Krebs HA, Wiggins D, Stubbs M (1983). "Studies on the mechanism of the antifungal action of benzoate" (PDF). Biochem J. 214 (3): 657–663. PMC 1152300. PMID 6226283.
- ^ Bedford PG, Clarke EG (1972). "Experimental benzoic acid poisoning in the cat". Vet Rec. 90 (3): 53–58. doi:10.1136/vr.90.3.53. PMID 4672555.
- ^ Chen, Jian; Y.L. Kao (18 January 2010). "Nearly 30% dried, pickled foods fail safety inspections". The China Post.
- ^ Brewster, R. Q.; Williams, B.; Phillips, R. (1955). "3,5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol., 3, p. 337
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Benzoic acid. |


text: Ugh. It will be close. I wouldn't bet on this one. I am hoping that the reasons we are not 13-0 are corrected. I am hoping we win but.... I don't see a blowout by either team. We are all susceptible to road games. Until proven otherwise, given the psychological history of our road game year so far against losing teams, I will say that we have the same likelyhood of winning/losing to SD as you do in SF. You have the advantage of seeing how we make out before your game however. Hopefully, this will be the last advantage you have this season and, for a change, you get to see what it is like to play in our house post season.:yellowthumb:


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At a Variety event this week, Nancy Tellem — a TV industry veteran who now leads Microsoft's digital media business — noted that the company hoped to have original programming ready for Xbox Live "in the first quarter, at minimum second quarter" of next year. The number of tech firms getting into the entertainment business seems to grow by the day, and it's easy to draw parallels between Tellem's efforts and the arms race currently underway between Netflix and Amazon. Tellem, though, insists that Microsoft's trying to do something different: "We're neither [Amazon nor Netflix] or we're a little like them.
More here:
Microsoft launching original programming on Xbox in first half of 2014


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The saying is "You dont know what you have got till its gone" the truth is "You know what you had, you just did not know you would lose it" !!
Source: rammstein.de
Last edited by Maya; 04-06-2012 at 12:16 AM. Reason: Photos were too small
I love this one
Eins, zwei, drei, vier, fünf, sechs, sieben, acht, neun, AUS!
nice photo's...
by Ville Rinne
www.iltalehti.fi — en Helsinki.
Photo by @Andreas Meixensperger
Source: Donaukinder


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Hey Archy,I think you should start your own Web page.You find the most interesting topics out there.:)
thanks for the suggestion, but I prefer to post such things as this here to reach a broader audience that would not necessarily look at such issues on the giant content of the interweb. I think as surfers such topics may be of interest since it relates to the ocean environment.
its not sonar its those soviet commies trying to bomb us with whales.
it's a little more closer to home.
It's been going on for a while
In the late 80's the navy thought it would be a good idea to sink a giant electromagnet off the NC coast. I was coming back from the Eastern Shore of Va and saw it being towed out by a frigate. it looked like a row boat towing a house. I was surfing Duck Pier that weekend and a sea turtle rose up beside me in the line up, let out a moan, rolled it's eyes and sank back down. Mission Accomplished, I reckon.


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This New arrival is a favorite with the fashionista crowd. Fully adjustable to fit your size. Can be worn on the waist or hips. 2 width. One Size, 100% Cotton, and Made in the USA!
Take your pick between black or camouflage colors!
- Cotton
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According to its website (www.mergerfund.com), Merger Fund is the first mutual fund dedicated entirely to merger arbitrage. This fund has been around since 1989. As discussed, it also has one of the lowest volatility for stock funds with beta of 0.10. This fund is also very popular to retail investors and institutional investors with $4.53 billion asset.
Altenative Mutual Fund
The investment in Merger Fund is seeking for capital growth. The goal is achieved by engaging in merger arbitrage. The major net assets investment of this Merger Fund (at least 80%) is in the equity securities of merger-companies. The companies are involved in publicly announced mergers, tender offers, liquidation, spin-offs, takeovers, leveraged buyouts and other corporate reorganizations. This is a special investment approach to gain the most profit from the companies in such conditions.Merger Fund MERFX Details
- Fund Inception Date: January 1989
- Ticker Symbol: MERFX
- Beta (3yr): 0.10
- Rank in category YTD: 12
- Category: Market Neutral
- Distribution: 0%
- Turnover Rates: 192%
- Capital Gains: 0.06% (last distributed in 2008)
- Number of Years Up: 19 years
- Number of Years Down: 2 years
The Merger Fund was the first mutual fund devoted exclusively to merger arbitrage. Roy D. Behren has been the lead manager for this fund since 2007. Should you plan to invest in this fund, the minimum initial invest for either brokerage or IRA account is $2,000 and no minimum subsequent investment. This fund applies a 0.927% of management fee. MERFX is considered as a no sales load fund. The fund can be purchased from 81 brokerages, include T Rowe Price, DATALynx, JP Morgan, E Trade Financial, TD Ameritrade Inc, etc. This fund has no other class.
MERFX Fund
The annual report of expense ratio is 1.41%, which is lower than the average in the category (1.96%). Since its inception in 1989, this fund has experienced a total of 19 years up performance with the best total return in 2000 (17.58%) and 2 years of down period with the worst total return in 2002 (-5.67%). This fund receives 4-stars rating from Morningstar. MERFX fund has returned 4.09% over the past year and 3.46% over the past ten years. The year to date (YTD) return is 2.41%.As of December 2010, the top 10 equity holdings of this fund are Alcon Inc, Bucyrus International Inc, McAfee Inc, Qwest Communications International Inc, King Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Alberto-Culver Company, Western Coal Corp, Genzyme Corporation, Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan and Undisclosed UK Media. The top countries in this fund include United States (77.14%), Europe (12.70%) and Canada (7.63%). The top 5 sectors include health care (18.90%), industrials (17.98%), materials (16.18%), financials (11.71%) and consumer discretionary (11.55%).
Investing in this Merger Fund involves principal risks such as:
- Reorganization risk
- Foreign investment risk
- Foreign currency risk
- Hedging risk
- High transaction cost due to high turnover rates
For details about this Merger Fund information, please check my Kiplinger's 25 Best Fund page. Other Kiplinger's Best Mutual Funds:


text: Sony PS3 Laugh Detector Patent Has Very Juvenile Sense of HumorDan Nosowitz8/15/09 1:00pmFiled to: PatentsSony ps3 laugh detectorLaugh detectionEmotionSonyPS3PatentHumorKickButt27EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Come on, Sony. A repeating boot-to-the-butt wheel? Everyone knows the only surefire kick-based humor must involve the crotch. Advertisement Sony's PS3 emotion-detecting patent would ostensibly work by picking up physical cues like laughter, though we're not exactly sure how it'll detect some of the other emotions it claims to, including sadness, boredom, joy, excitement and anger. It's kind of a cool idea—a game could adjust to your growing frustration by decreasing the difficulty before you heave the PS3 out the window in a fit of rage, for example. But if they plan on using humor, they better get out of the Humor Stone Age where the butt-kick wheel resides. May I suggest Glenn Beck, Fox News' fantastic up-and-coming satirist? [Joystiq]Reply27 repliesLeave a reply


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The fortunes of Nymat Machine Tool Corp. have risen with those of U.S. manufacturing, the industry it serves.
"We're seeing more and more manufacturing business return," CEO Brian Cregg said.
He identified quality concerns and rising wages in developing countries as factors in the improvement.
Nymat is not a manufacturer. It sells computer numerical control machines to tool-and-die firms, which supply manufacturers, and to manufacturing firms, including major automakers.
Cregg credits much of his firm's success to its close affiliation with Haas Automation Inc. All of the vertical and horizontal CNC machines and CNC lathes the Perinton-based Nymat sells are from Haas.
That the California-based manufacturer's products are entirely made in the United States is a selling point in an industry that in the 1980s and 1990s was driven nearly to extinction by foreign competition.
But Cregg sees the Haas line's real selling point as its middle-of-the-market price combined with optimum value. Its machines promise greater reliability and longevity than less expensive models but are versatile enough to meet the needs of customers who do not require costly custom features, he said.
Becoming a Haas distributor in the 1990s was a watershed event for the company, concurs Cregg's father, Mark. The elder Cregg started the business with two partners in 1981 and turned the CEO position over to his son a little more than three years ago. He still works part time for the company.
The Haas business model was unique in the industry when President Gene Haas started the company in 1983, and it is still rare, Mark Cregg said. Before then, CNC machine distributors typically offered as many as 25 brands. Nymat did too in its early years, but Mark Cregg saw Haas' approach as the future.
In the old model, he said, if a shop or manufacturing concern needed a CNC machine serviced, it usually faced a wait for parts and had to pay for travel expenses and accommodations to fly in a technician.
Haas sets up distributors in exclusive territories. It provides them with extensive parts inventories but bills them only as parts are used. Distributors keep factory-trained mechanics on staff. The model eliminates long waits for parts and cuts out travel and accommodation fees. Nymat offers front-end support also, helping its customers set up machines.
Greater customer focus worked for Nymat even before it was tied to Haas, Mark Cregg said. The company was profitable on some $1 million in sales during its first year and has run in the black since. The company has 40 employees and plans to hire four more.
An exclusive distributor of Haas-brand machines in Upstate New York east of Albany, southern Illinois, Missouri and Kansas, Nymat maintains sales and service centers in St. Louis and Olathe, Kan.
During early years of the alliance, most of the U.S. machine tool industry was foundering. Much of the defense work was drying up while Chinese, Japanese and Korean competitors were heavily undercutting U.S. prices.
Starting in the 1980s, U.S. manufacturing largely moved to Asia. Haas and its distributors were exceptions.
Today, Brian Cregg said, Nymat is the market-share leader in its territories in sales of horizontal CNC machines. He declined to state numbers but portrayed the gap between it and its nearest competitors, which are virtually all Chinese or Japanese firms, as comfortably wide.
Nymat's lead in the CNC lathe market is smaller, Cregg said. One of his main goals is to widen the company's lead in the lathe market while keeping its more substantial advantage in the horizontal CNC market.
Because Haas offers distributors exclusive territories, geographic expansion or significant widening of its customer base is not likely for Nymat, Cregg said. But if Haas offers a new territory, he added, "We'd definitely consider it."
The Rochester Top 100 program is presented by the Rochester Business Alliance Inc. and KPMG LLP. Launched in 1987, it recognizes the fastest-growing private companies in Greater Rochester. This year's Rochester Top 100 event will be held Nov. 5. For more information, go to rochesterbusinessalliance.com.
Nymat Machine Tool Corp.
Seller and distributor of computer numerical control machines
Founded: 1981
Top executive: Brian Cregg, CEO
2013 ranking: 23
Employees: 40
Location: Perinton
Website: www.haascncoutlet.com
2/14/14 (c) 2014 Rochester Business Journal. To obtain permission to reprint this article, call 585-546-8303 or email email@example.com.
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Buckingham, Morgan to buy Midtown facility for $5M
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CEO Sameer Penakalapati has grown Avani Technology Solutions
Repeat business drives dealership's sales.
Chiropractor Melinda Houle helps clients adjust.
The Health Care Achievement Awards 2017 supplement.


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Over the last few years a crisis has been brewing in the whole of the Sahel, not only in Mali. All the ingredients for an explosion where there: poorly or ungoverned vast territories, lack of effective governance, pervasive corruption, traffic and trafficking in drugs and cigarettes, irregular migrations and armed islamist radicals. At the epicentre of the Sahel crisis is Mali. Its neighbours are, however, not immune from the contagion.
The fall of Mali
A few weeks before the end of his second and final term, Mali's elected President, Amadou T. Touré was forced to resign and flee his country. Mali has, in stages, been breaking up: an intense traffics in drugs, an irredentist Tuareg rebellion, a military coup by Non Commissioned Officers, the fall of the northern part of the country under the control of various groups: the Islamists of AQIM, their allies of Ansar Dine and MUJAO. The MLNA, which launched the rebellion in January, has now been overtaken, while Arabs, Fulani and Songhai try hard to regroup.
By now, the Islamists have settled in cities such as Gao, Kidal and Timbuktu where they are getting organised and control three international airports – most useful for bringing in combatants, arms and drugs. In Nigeria, Boko Haram, a sister organization of AQIM (al Qaeda in the Islamic Mahgreb), relentlessly pursues its deadly targeted attacks. Sleeper cells in other countries throughout the region are, by definition, invisible.
Today, with these events unfolding, it is no longer possible to ignore the threat of the Malian crisis on the future of that country and on the whole Sahel. Beyond Mali, the question is which country is the next in line?
Settling the crisis
Time favours the rebel groups. Presently, the threat on stability is not in the north of Mali, but in the capital, Bamako – where the central government is facing daunting challenges. Firstly, its legality is contested.
Second, the whole military and security apparatus are weakened and challenged due to their defeat by the rebels and to internal strife between various elite units: Green Berets against Red Berets.
Third, the Junta is struggling to survive in a difficult context – its rejection by a majority of the civilian population, and the sanctions applied on the regime by ECOWAS. In addition, a large number of Malian IDPs and refugees have resulted from the crisis, an embarrassment to the country, and a burden to regional governments.
Finally, in this volatile context, West African warlords and their associates – orphans from crises since the end of Sierra Leone, Liberia and Cote d'Ivoire civil wars – are preparing for a lucrative new adventure in Mali. They will not let such an opportunity go to waste.
As usual in the region, Malians and a few observers blame the current crisis on foreign actors or interests, and not on failed national policies and blatant corruption. That classical justification of political failure cannot, however, help resolve present problems. Today, the priority is to establish a unity government, and make it as representative as possible of all segments of the population. The country urgently needs to restructure its army, to repair its unity, and to restore its morale. All will require time and money.
Finally, the economy of this landlocked country cannot keep being held hostage to both the power struggle at national level and the consequences of international sanctions. Therefore, Bamako should play the best card it still holds: negotiation with the rebels.
The risks of Regional Rivalries
The restoration of stability in Mali will be best served through regional diplomatic action. That action could be undertaken in consultation with ECOWAS and Mali's neighbours, and in cooperation with countries interested or concerned by the crisis. This approach would help avoid an early internationalization, the corollary of which could be a crisis of terrorism on a global scale. Indeed, drug traffickers, already present in the region; have been for a long time operating in several continents.
Moreover, internationalization often feeds suspicion or competition between the sub-regional powers, often for the benefit of local belligerents and, in the longer term, it becomes detrimental to all concerned states. Faced with such a pressing danger, it would be better for the major countries in the Sahel-Sahara to take different actions than, for example, Afghanistan, Yemen or Somalia's neighbours have done when faced by similar insecurity. They should move decisively and collectively to resolve the Malian crisis as soon as possible and, with it, all other conflicts that may undermine the region.
Without the will for a urgent action by the three or four regional powers, in strong cooperation with their neighbours, there is concern that the management of the Sahel will escape national governments and remain, for the foreseeable future, a problem on the international scene.
In reality, each nation, especially in the Sahel, is a project continuously under construction. Mali's neighbours must work hard if they want to be immune from a contagion that might otherwise become inevitable.
Ahmedou ould Abadallah is President of the Centre for Strategies and Security for the Sahel Sahara. He is a former senior official at the United Nations.


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Camp Michi-MAC is a 501 (c) (3) non profit organization.
More information on donations
Camp Michi-MAC was established in 1980 by the Michigan Allergy & Asthma Society to allow asthmatic children to attend camp. Camp Michi-MAC is unique in that the child with asthma is mainstreamed into regular camp activities while proper medical supervision is provided by physicians, nurses, pharmacists, physician assistants and respiratory therapists.
Applications are accepted for children who are ages 8-14 years old.
Camp Michi-MAC is conducted at Skyline Camp and Retreat Center located in Almont Michigan.
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text:
You Can Use The Below Method For Upgrade LG Optimus it L-05D NTT Docomo / And If You Want To Hard Reset It By Flashing The Stock Rom/ In Case If You Are Using Any Custom Rom And Want Back To Stock Rom And Official Firmware Or Facing The Boot loop Problem. This Method Is Also Useful For Sudden Death/Bricked/Not Power And Also After Flashing The Stock Rom imei Null or Unknown Base band Problems Can Be Solve.
- Download Install LG USb Drivers : LG_VZW_United_WHQL_v2.14.1
Download Install : Visual C++ VC_RedistInstaller
Download : LG Flash Tool 2014 - LG Optimus it L-05D NTT Docomo L05D20D_00
How To Unbrick LG Optimus it L-05D NTT Docomo Stock Rom With Kdz :-
1. Extract the file "LG Flash Tool 2014.zip" and run the file "LG Flash Tool 2014.exe" as administrator.
2. turn on Download Mode . Turn off your phone. Hold "Volume +" and connect to the PC via USB Or Hold "Volume + and Volume – at the same time.
3 Your window have to be like this.
After making the settings shown above, press the folder icon with an arrow and select your downloaded .kdz
5.Now click "CSE Flash"
6 . Press "START" in the window displayed.
7. Let the new window "Select Country & Language" that way and click "OK"
Wait until 100% to complete !


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(1) To the maximum extent possible, protect and preserve the assets of depositors, shareholders and other creditors in the financial institutions of this state;
(2) Maintain the financial integrity, stability and accountability of the financial institutions of this state;
(3) Strengthen and make more effective the authority of the state commissioner of banking to protect and preserve such assets and maintain such integrity, stability and accountability;
(4) Permit the federal deposit insurance corporation in all appropriate cases to act as receiver for a failing financial institution; and
(5) Make more practical and more flexible the conservatorship and receivership provisions of this article dealing with financial institutions that are substantially impaired, have failed or appear to be about to fail.
(b) The provisions of this article are intended to be remedial and protective, and they shall be liberally construed to carry out such intent and the purpose of this article.
Note: WV Code updated with legislation passed through the 2016 Regular Session
The West Virginia Code Online is an unofficial copy of the annotated WV Code, provided as a convenience. It has NOT been edited for publication, and is not in any way official or authoritative.


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Folding | Articles | The FABRICATOR
September 9, 2011 | By David Prokop
Over the past decade metal folding technology has evolved significantly. Years ago most considered the process optimal only for large, unwieldy workpeices. But with fast, servodriven folding beams that can bend in both the positive and negative direction, the situation has changed dramatically.
Folding | Articles | The FABRICATOR
November 1, 2010 | By David Prokop
Bidirectional bending was a big step forward in the capabilities of folding machines. However, the technology continues to advance with the emergence of faster folding speeds, more tooling flexibility, wider working envelopes, and more specialized folding capabilities.
July 14, 2009 | By David Prokop
Today's folding technology can help bring a new level of efficiency and capability to a metal forming operation. Among the enhancements in modern folding systems are increased automation and gauging capabilities and the ability to fold an even wider range of materials.


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European Commission Press release Brussels, 21 December 2012 EU research project offers prospect of healthier festive season European researchers have made progress towards finding an alternative to adding sulphur dioxide to red wine and other foodstuffs, such as dried fruit, holding out the hope of making future festive seasons healthier for millions. Sulphur dioxide (SO2), labelled E220 on food packets, is used as a preservative for certain dried fruits and in winemaking as an antimicrobial and antioxidant. Most people can tolerate a small amount of SO2 in their food but in others it can cause allergic reactions or other after effects such as headaches. The European Union-funded so2say project, led by ttz Bremerhaven, a non-profit applied research centre in Germany, believes it may now have identified a combination of two extracts that can be used instead. Both of them occur naturally in wine. According to the project, it could reduce the presence of SO2 in wine, for example, by more than 95%. Wine containing the new additive has already been tasted in the U.K., Spain and Germany and judged to be as good as reference bottles containing sulphur. A further batch was bottled in May 2012 and will be opened in January 2013 by the project's nine consortium members. Further tests will follow four months later. If successful, the technical feasibility of the new extract will have been demonstrated and the procedures for its authorisation can start. Background The main advantage of SO2 is the combination of anti-oxidative activity with its ability to inhibit the "enzymatic browning" of food products, for instance fresh cut apples. Furthermore, sulphur dioxide acts as a food preservative, preventing microbial growth. However, SO2 and sulphites strongly reduce vitamin B1 uptake. Reduced uptake of this vitamin can lead to several health problems such as chronic headache and temporary memory loss. Asthmatics are at particular risk. For these patients an intake of less than 10 mg sulphite might be enough to provoke an asthma attack. The three-year project began in June 2009 with a total budget of €4.1 million, of which €3.0 million is funded from the EU's 7th framework programme for research and technological development (FP7). The nine members of the project are: ttz Bremerhaven, University of Bonn and Meyer Gemüse bearbeitung GmbH in Germany; Wageningen University and Frutarom Netherlands BV in the Netherlands; U.K.-based food research organisation Campden BRI; and Biurko Gorri, a winemaker, Tecnalia, an applied research company, and Ekolo Productos Ecológicos, a bio-food manufacturer, in Spain. For more information: www.so2say.eu
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Designed & engineered for fast lubes, the Blazer 9000 Lube Lift easily converts conventional oil change pits into tire rotation service bays.
Developed to give the user a smaller profile work platform within each service bay without sacrificing storage for necessary components.
Copyright 2017 DevonLube | All Rights Reserved


text:
"This is an emergency, and we want people to act with all possible speed," said Max Gomberg, a senior environmental scientist for the board.
Gomberg said the $500 maximum fines were a ceiling and could be just the first step for the board.
At the same time, the drought will cost California's agriculture industry $1.5 billion, and cost the overall economy $2.2 billion as farmers fallow their fields and crops wither, according to research Tuesday from UC Davis.
Central Valley farmers have suffered more than urban water users and small agricultural interests in Southern California, and UC Davis researchers predict they will keep doing so.
Southern California growers rely largely on water from the Colorado River, which hasn't been nearly as affected by the drought as the Sacramento Delta and Sierra Nevada, where Central Valley farmers get much of their water.
Still, crop losses in Southern California will cost the region $10 million directly, while farmers will incur an additional $6.3 million to pump more groundwater.
In urban areas in Southern California, water managers have effectively diversified their portfolios, getting water from multiple sources so that reduced deliveries from any single source don't crash the whole system.
The UC Davis researchers encouraged water managers to follow that example and build diverse water portfolios with multiple sources, while also promoting and increasing water conservation, stormwater capture, wastewater recycling and additional water storage above and below ground.
But in California, additional storage capacity isn't holding the state back.
Most farmers are letting fallow the plants that can be easily re-planted while devoting limited water resources to permanent trees. Central Valley farmers have fallowed 410,000 acres, while coastal and Southern California farmers have fallowed 19,000 acres.
Nearly half of U.S.-grown fruits, nuts and vegetables are grown here and almost a quarter of the nation's milk and cream is produced here. Some crops, such as tomatoes, carrots, broccoli, almonds, walnuts, grapes, olives and figs are grown almost entirely here.
Reporting was contributed by Washington Bureau Chief Cathy Taylor.
Contact the writer: firstname.lastname@example.com or 562-310-7684


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I've seen many posts here and elsewhere about HD600 leakage, but nothing specific enough for me to make a decision yet about whether to disqualify them based on that. If I've overlooked something, I apologize.
I'm considering buying the HD600 for use in my office. It will be amped (with what I'm not sure, but that's a topic for another thread). It's a private office with a door that can be closed. The front wall and door is all glass. I have a neighbor on one side. The walls seem decently thick, but I'm not entirely sure.
How bad is the leakage?
If my door is open, will people down the hall or a neighboring office hear it?
If my door is closed, will anyone else hear it? There's a pool table about 25 ft outside my office. If I close the door, I can no longer hear it, or it's very muffled.
Is there anything you can compare it to, volume-wise?
I think I may listen to volume at moderate-to-loud levels, but I'm not sure if that will change. I currently have Bose Quietcomfort 2s which are completely closed and isolated, and I have to really turn up the soundcard volume to get much decent sound from them. So that might change with better phones.
Any help you can give would be appreciated.


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Wednesday, Mar 29, 2017 |
VocationsClergy appointments update
July 8th, 2009In early July, additional clergy appointments in the Archdiocese of San Francisco were announced. This list supplements information in an earlier story in the June 12 issue of Catholic San Francisco. Pastors reappointed to six-year terms included Father Lawrence Goode, St. Francis of Assisi Parish, East Palo Alto; Father Agnel De Heredia, All Souls Parish, South San Francisco; Msgr. Labib Kobti, St. Thomas More Parish, San Francisco; and Msgr. Steven Otellini, Church of the Nativity, Menlo Park. Named to continue as pastor were Father William Brady, St. Emydius Parish, San Francisco; Father Piers Lahey, Church of the Good Shepherd, Pacifica; Father Domingo Orimaco, Our Lady of the Pillar Parish, Half Moon Bay; Msgr. Jose Rodriguez, St. John the Evangelist Parish, San Francisco; Father Paul Rossi, St. Raphael Parish, San Rafael; Father James Tarantino, St. Hilary Parish, Tiburon; and Father Joseph Walsh, St. Stephen Parish, San Francisco. Additional priests assigned to parishes as parochial vicars included Father Gary Cappleman, O.P., St. Dominic Parish, San Francisco; Father Joseph Glynn, C.S.Sp., St. Dunstan Parish, Millbrae; Father Dominic Savio Lee, St. Matthew Parish, San Mateo; Father Armando Lopez, O.F.M., St. Boniface Parish, San Francisco; Father Jose Lucero, S.D.B., St. Boniface Parish, San Francisco. Parochial vicar assignments for the three priests of the Archdiocese of San Francisco who were ordained in June were as follows: Father Joseph Previtali, St. Veronica Parish, San Francisco (for summer); Father Michael Quinn, St. Brendan Parish, San Francisco; and Father William Thornton, St. Anthony of Padua Parish, Novato.
From July 10, 2009 issue of Catholic San Francisco.