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A priest (masculine) or priestess (feminine) (from Greek πρεσβύτερος presbýteros through Latin presbyter, "elder"), is a person authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the priesthood, a term which also may apply to such persons collectively.
Priests and priestesses have existed since the earliest of times (see Proto-indo-European trifunctional hypothesis) and in the simplest societies, most likely as a result of agricultural surplus and consequent social stratification. The necessity to read sacred texts and keep temple or church records helped foster literacy in many early societies. Priests exist in many religions today, such as all or some branches of Judaism, Christianity, Shintoism, Hinduism. They are generally regarded as having positive contact with the deity or deities of the religion to which they subscribe, often interpreting the meaning of events and performing the rituals of the religion. There is no common definition of the duties of priesthood between faiths; but generally it includes mediating the relationship between one''s congregation, worshippers, and other members of the religious body, and its deity or deities, and administering religious rituals and rites. These often include blessing worshipers with prayers of joy at marriages, after a birth, and at consecrations, teaching the wisdom and dogma of the faith at any regular worship service, and mediating and easing the experience of grief and death at funerals - maintaining a spiritual connection to the afterlife in faiths where such a concept exists. Administering religious building grounds and office affairs and papers, including any religious library or collection of sacred texts, is also commonly a responsibility - for example, the modern term for clerical duties in a secular office refers originally to the duties of a cleric. The question of which religions have a "priest" depends on how the titles of leaders are used or translated into English. In some cases, leaders are more like those that other believers will often turn for advice on spiritual matters, and less of a "person authorized to perform the sacred rituals" For example, clergy in Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity are priests, but in Protestant Christianity they are typically minister and pastor. The terms priest and priestess are sufficiently generic that they may be used in an anthropological sense to describe the religious mediators of an unknown or otherwise unspecified religion.
In many religions, being a priest or priestess is a full-time position, ruling out any other career. Many Christian priests and pastors choose or are mandated to dedicate themselves to their churches and receive their living directly from their churches. In other cases it is a part-time role. For example in the early history of Iceland the chieftains were titled goði, a word meaning "priest". As seen in the saga of Hrafnkell Freysgoði, however, being a priest consisted merely of offering periodic sacrifices to the Norse gods and goddesses; it was not a full-time role, nor did it involve ordination.
In some religions, being a priest or priestess is by human election or human choice. In Judaism the priesthood is inherited in familial lines. In a theocracy a society is governed by its priesthood.
ContentsThe word "priest", is ultimately derived from Greek, via Latin presbyter, the term for "elder", especially elders of Jewish or Christian communities in Late Antiquity. It is possible that the Latin word was loaned into Old English, and only from Old English reached other Germanic languages via the Anglo-Saxon mission to the continent, giving Old Icelandic prestr, Old Swedish präster, Old High German priast. Old High German also has the disyllabic priester, priestar, apparently derived from Latin independently via Old French presbtre. The Latin presbyter ultimately represents Greek presbyteros, the regular Latin word for "priest" being sacerdos, corresponding to Greek hiereus.
That English should have only the single term priest to translate presbyter and sacerdos came to be seen as a problem in English Bible translations. The presbyter is the minister who both presides and instructs a Christian congregation, while the sacerdos, offerer of sacrifices, or in a Christian context the eucharist, performs "mediatorial offices between God and man".
The feminine English noun, priestess, was coined in the 17th century, to refer to female priests of the pre-Christian religions of classical antiquity. In the 20th century, the word was used in controversies surrounding the ordination of women. In the case of the ordination of women in the Anglican communion, it is more common to speak of "priests", regardless of gender.
Vestal Virgin priestess of Ancient RomeHistorical religions Further information: Vedic priesthood and DruidIn historical polytheism, a priest administers the sacrifice to a deity, often in highly elaborate ritual. In the Ancient Near East, the priesthood also acted on behalf of the deities in managing their property.
Priestesses in antiquity often performed sacred prostitution, and in Ancient Greece, some priestesses such as Pythia, priestess at Delphi, acted as oracles.
Ancient priests and priestessesIn Egyptian ideology, the right and obligation to interact with the gods belonged to the pharaoh. He delegated this duty to priests, who were effectively bureaucrats authorized to act on his behalf. Priests staffed temples throughout Egypt, giving offerings to the cult statues in which the gods were believed to take up residence and performing other rituals for their benefit. Little is known about what training may have been required of priests, and the selection of personnel for positions was affected by a tangled set of traditions, although the pharaoh had the final say. In the New Kingdom, when temples owned great estates, the high priests of the most important cult—that of Amun at Karnak—were important political figures.
High-ranking priestly roles were usually held by men. Women were generally relegated to lower positions in the temple hierarchy, although some held specialized and influential positions, especially that of the God''s Wife of Amun, whose religious importance overshadowed the High Priests of Amun in the Late Period.
Antonia Minor as a priestess of Ceres (36 BCE–37 CE)Ancient Rome See also: College of PontificesIn Ancient Rome and throughout Italy, the ancient sanctuaries of Ceres and Proserpina were invariably led by female sacerdotes, drawn from women of local and Roman elites. It was the only public priesthood attainable by Roman matrons and was held in great honor.
Ancient GreeceIn ancient Israel the priests were required by the Law of Moses to be of direct paternal descendency from Aaron, Moses'' elder brother. In Exodus 30:22–25 God instructs Moses to make a holy anointing oil to consecrate the priests "for all of eternity." During the times of the two Jewish Temples in Jerusalem, the Aaronic priests were responsible for the daily and special Jewish holiday offerings and sacrifices within the temples, these offerings are known as the korbanot.
In Hebrew the word "priest" is kohen (singular כהן kohen, plural כּהנִים kohanim), hence the family names Cohen, Cahn, Kahn, Kohn, Kogan, etc. These families are from the tribe of Levi (Levites) and in twenty-four instances are called by scripture as such (Jerusalem Talmud to Mishnaic tractate Maaser Sheini p. 31a). In Hebrew the word for "priesthood" is kehunnah.
Since the destruction of the Second Temple, and (therefore) the cessation of the daily and seasonal temple ceremonies and sacrifices, Kohanim in traditional Judaism (Orthodox Judaism and to some extent, Conservative Judaism) continue to perform a number of priestly ceremonies and roles such as the Pidyon HaBen (redemption of a first-born son) ceremony and the Priestly Blessing, and have remained subject, particularly in Orthodox Judaism, to a number of restrictions, such as restrictions on certain marriages and ritual purity (see Kohanic disqualifications).
Orthodox Judaism regard the kohanim as being held in reserve for a future restored Temple. In all branches of Judaism, Kohanim do not perform roles of propitiation, sacrifice, or sacrament. Rather, a kohen''s principal religious function is to perform the Priestly Blessing, and, provided he is rabbinically qualified, to serve as an authoritative judge (posek) and expositor of Jewish halakha law.
Christianity See also: Priesthood of all believersA Roman Catholic priest, Saint Josemaría Escrivá, celebrating the holy sacrifice of the MassSome clergy and religious, such as these, who are Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross and live in the Netherlands, wear distinctive clothing which distinguishes them from other clergy, whether secular or religiousEastern Orthodox priest wearing epitrachelion (stole) and epimanikia (cuffs), Mtskheta, Republic of GeorgiaWith the growth of the Catholic Church and the formation of parishes, the word ἱερεύς, sacerdos, which Christians had since the 3rd century applied to bishops and only in a secondary sense to presbyters, began in the 6th century to be used of presbyters, and is today commonly used of presbyters, distinguishing them from bishops.
Today the term "priest" is used in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, and some branches of Lutheranism to refer to those who have been ordained to a ministerial position through receiving the sacrament of Holy Orders, although "presbyter" is also used. Since the Protestant Reformation, non-sacramental denominations are more likely to use the term "elder" to refer to their pastors.
However, nowhere in the New Testament is a Christian pastor (besides Christ) titled "hiereus," the distinctive Greek word for "priest," and thus its rendering into English is seen as an etymological corruption of the Greek word "presbuteros," which means "elder," and which is the word for the lead category of Christian leaders in the New Testament church, under the Lord Jesus Christ, the great High Priest (archiereus). In the New Testament, it is taught that as Christ made the perfect sacrifice for the forgiveness of sins, then believers have direct access to the Father through Him, (Hebrews 10:19) with the only priesthood that is named under Christ in the church being that which consists of all believers.
The New Testament Epistle to the Hebrews in particular draws a distinction between the Jewish priesthood and the high priesthood of Christ; it teaches that the sacrificial atonement by Jesus Christ on Calvary has made the Jewish priesthood and its prescribed ritual sacrifices redundant, along with the rest of the ceremonial acts of the Mosaic law. Thus, for Christians, Christ himself is the only high priest, and Christians have no priesthood independent or distinct from participation in the priesthood of Christ, the head of the Church. The one sacrifice of Christ, which he offered "once for all" (Hebrews 10:10) on the Cross, provides eternal sanctification and redemption. Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, High Church Anglicans, Lutherans, and some Methodists consider the sacrifice to be "re-presented" in the Eucharist. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) claims to uphold all priesthood positions of the primitive gospel by the laying on of hands.
The most known form of distinctive clothing for the priest is the easily identifiable clerical collar (or Roman collar), which takes form in either the traditional cassock, or modern day clerical shirt. The typical modern version consists of a white plastic tab, inserted into a specially made collar of a black shirt, although traditional cloth collars are still worn.
Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy Main article: Priesthood (Catholic Church)The most significant liturgical acts reserved to priests in these traditions are the administration of the Sacraments, including the celebration of the Holy Mass or Divine Liturgy (the terms for the celebration of the Eucharist in the Latin and Byzantine traditions, respectively), and the Sacrament of Reconciliation, also called Confession. The sacraments of Anointing of the Sick (Extreme Unction) and Confirmation or Chrismation are also administered by priests, though in the Western tradition Confirmation is ordinarily celebrated by a bishop. In the East, Chrismation is performed by the priest (using oil specially consecrated by a bishop) immediately after Baptism, and Unction is normally performed by several priests (ideally seven), but may be performed by one if necessary. In the West, Holy Baptism may be celebrated by anyone and Matrimony may be witnessed by a deacon, but most often these normally are administered by a priest as well. In the East, Holy Baptism and Marriage (which is called "Crowning") may be performed only by a priest. If a person is baptized in extremis (i.e., when in fear of immediate death), only the actual threefold immersion together with the scriptural words (Matthew 28:19) may be performed by a layperson or deacon. The remainder of the rite, and Chrismation, must still be performed by a priest, if the person survives. The only sacrament which may be celebrated only by a bishop is that of Ordination (cheirotonia, "Laying-on of Hands"), or Holy Orders.
In these traditions, only men who meet certain requirements may become priests. In Roman Catholicism the canonical minimum age is twenty-five. Bishops may dispense with this rule and ordain men up to one year younger. Dispensations of more than a year are reserved to the Holy See (Can. 1031 §§1, 4.) A Catholic priest must be incardinated by his bishop or his major religious superior in order to engage in public ministry. In Orthodoxy, the normal minimum age is thirty (Can. 9 of Neocaesarea) but a bishop may dispense with this if needed. In neither tradition may priests marry after ordination. In the Roman Catholic Church, priests in the Latin Rite, which covers the vast majority of Roman Catholicism, must be celibate except under special rules for married clergy converting from certain other Christian confessions. Married men may become priests in Eastern Orthodoxy and the Eastern Catholic Churches, but in neither case may they marry after ordination, even if they become widowed. Candidates for bishop are chosen only from among the celibate. Orthodox priests will either wear a clerical collar similar to the above mentioned, or simply a very loose black robe that does not have a collar.
Anglican or EpiscopalianThe role of a priest in the Anglican Communion is largely the same as within the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Christianity, except that canon law in almost every Anglican province restricts the administration of confirmation to the bishop, just as with ordination. Whilst Anglican priests who are members of religious orders must remain celibate (although there are exceptions, such as priests in the Anglican Order of Cistercians), the secular clergy – (bishops, priests, and deacons who are not members of religious orders) – are permitted to marry before or after ordination. The Anglican churches, unlike the Roman Catholic or Eastern Christian traditions, have allowed the ordination of women as priests in some provinces since 1971. This practice remains controversial, however; a minority of provinces (ten out of the thirty-eight worldwide) retain an all-male priesthood. Most Continuing Anglican churches do not ordain women to the priesthood.
As Anglicanism represents a broad range of theological opinion, its presbyterate includes priests who consider themselves no different in any respect from those of the Roman Catholic Church, and a minority who prefer to use the title presbyter in order to distance themselves from the more sacrificial theological implications which they associate with the word "priest." While priest is the official title of a member of the presbyterate in every Anglican province worldwide, the ordination rite of certain provinces (including the Church of England) recognizes the breadth of opinion by adopting the title The Ordination of Priests (also called Presbyters). Historically, the term "priest" has been more associated with the "High Church" or Anglo-Catholic wing, whereas the term "minister" has been more commonly used in "Low Church" or Evangelical circles.
ProtestantismThe general priesthood or the priesthood of all believers, is a Christian doctrine derived from several passages of the New Testament. It is a foundational concept of Protestantism. It is this doctrine that Martin Luther adduces in his 1520 To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation in order to dismiss the medieval Christian belief that Christians were to be divided into two classes: "spiritual" and "temporal" or non-spiritual.
The conservative reforms of Lutherans are reflected in the theological and practical view of the ministry of the Church. Much of European Lutheranism follows the traditional catholic governance of deacon, priest and bishop. The Lutheran archbishops of Finland, Sweden, etc. and Baltic countries are the historic national primates (See the original Catholic Church) and some ancient cathedrals and parishes in the Lutheran church were constructed many centuries before the Reformation. Indeed, ecumenical work within the Anglican communion and among Scandinavian Lutherans mutually recognize the historic apostolic legitimacy and full communion. Likewise in America, Lutherans have embraced the apostolic succession of bishops in the full communion with Episcopalians and most Lutheran ordinations are performed by a bishop. The Catholic Church, however, does not recognise Episcopalians or Lutherans as having legitimate apostolic succession.
Ordained Protestant clergy often have the title of pastor, minister, reverend, etc. In some Lutheran churches, ordained clergy are called priests, while in others the term pastor is preferred.
IslamThis section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012) |
No single Islamic office encompasses all the meanings of "priest" in the Christian sense, and some priestly functions are not performed by any office. The title mullah, commonly translated "cleric" in the West and thought to be analogous to "priest", is a title of address for any educated or respected figure, not even necessarily (though frequently) religious. The nearest Islamic analogue to the parish priest, or to the "pulpit rabbi" of a synagogue, is the imam khatib. This compound title is merely a common combination of two elementary offices: leader (imam) of the congregational prayer, which in larger mosques is performed at the times of all daily prayers; and preacher (khatib) of the sermon or khutba at the required congregational prayer on Friday.
Eastern religions HinduismA yagya being performedHindu priests historically were members of the Brahmin caste. Priests are ordained and trained as well. There are two types of Hindu priests, pujaris and purohits. A pujari performs rituals in a temple. These rituals include bathing the murtis (the statues of the gods/goddesses), performing puja, a ritualistic offering of various items to the Gods, the waving of a ghee or oil lamp also called an offering in light, known in Hinduism as aarti, before the murtis. Pujaris are often married.
A purohit, on the other hand, performs rituals and saṃskāras (sacraments) outside of the temple. There are special purohits who perform only funeral rites.
In many cases, a purohit also functions as a pujari. Both women and men are ordained as purohits and pujaris.
ZoroastrianismThis section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2012) |
In Zoroastrianism, the priesthood is reserved for men and is a mostly hereditary position. The priests prepare a drink from a sacred plant, which is called the haoma ritual. They officiate the Yasna, pouring libations into the sacred fire to the accompaniment of ritual chants.
TaoismThe Taoist priest is called a Daoshi (道士 "master of the Dao" p. 488). Daoshi act as interpreters of the principles of Yin-Yang 5 elements (fire, water, soil, wood, and metal p. 53) school of ancient Chinese philosophy, as they relate to marriage, death, festival cycles, and so on. The Daoshi seeks to share the benefits of meditation with his or her community through public ritual and liturgy (p. 326). In the ancient priesthood before the Tang, the priest was called Jijiu ("libationer" p. 550), with both male and female practitioners selected by merit. The system gradually changed into a male only hereditary Daoshi priesthood until more recent times (p. 550,551).
Indigenous and ethnic religions Further information: shaman and medicine man ShintoismThis article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2012) |
The shinto priest is called a kannushi (神主?, lit. "Master of the kami"), originally pronounced kamunushi, sometimes referred to as a shinshoku (神職?). A Kannushi is the person responsible for the maintenance of a Shinto shrine, or jinja, purificatory rites, and for leading worship and veneration of a certain kami. Additionally, priests are aided by miko (巫女?, "shrine maidens") for many rites as a kind of shaman or medium. The maidens may either be family members in training, apprentices, or local volunteers.
Saiin were female relatives of the Japanese emperor (termed saiō) who served as High Priestesses in Kamo Shrine. Saiō also served at Ise Shrine. Saiin priestesses usually were elected from royalty. In principle, Saiin remained unmarried, but there were exceptions. Some Saiin became consorts of the emperor, called Nyōgo in Japanese. The Saiin order of priestesses existed throughout the Heian and Kamakura periods.
AfricaThe Yoruba people of western Nigeria practice an indigenous religion with a chiefly hierarchy of priests and priestesses that dates to AD 800–1000. Ifá priests and priestesses bear the titles Babalawo for men and Iyanifa for women. Priests and priestesses of the varied Orisha are titled Babalorisa for men and Iyalorisa for women. Initiates are also given an Orisa or Ifá name that signifies under which deity they are initiated. For example, a Priestess of Oshun may be named Osunyemi, and a Priest of Ifá may be named Ifáyemi. This ancient culture continues to this day as initiates from all around the world return to Nigeria for initiation into the traditional priesthood, and varied derivative sects in the New World (such as Cuban Santeria and Brazilian Umbanda) use the same titles to refer to their officers as well.
Paganism WiccaAccording to traditional Wiccan beliefs, every member of the religion is considered a priestess or priest, as it is believed that no person can stand between another and the Divine. However, in response to the growing number of Wiccan temples and churches, several denominations of the religion have begun to develop a core group of ordained priestesses and priests serving a larger laity. This trend is far from widespread, but is gaining acceptance due to increased interest in the religion.
DressThe dress of religious workers in ancient times may be demonstrated in frescoes and artifacts from the cultures. The dress is presumed to be related to the customary clothing of the culture, with some symbol of the deity worn on the head or held by the person. Sometimes special colors, materials, or patterns distinguish celebrants, as the white wool veil draped on the head of the Vestal Virgins.
Priestess officiating before an altar while nude to demonstrate purity, Attic red-figure kylix by Chairias, c. 510–500 BC, Ancient Agora Museum in AthensOccasionally the celebrants at religious ceremonies shed all clothes in a symbolic gesture of purity. This was often the case in ancient times. An example of this is shown to the left on a Kylix dating from c. 500 BC where a priestess is featured. Modern religious groups tend to avoid such symbolism and some may be quite uncomfortable with the concept.
The retention of long skirts and vestments among many ranks of contemporary priests when they officiate may be interpreted to express the ancient traditions of the cultures from which their religious practices arose.
An Anglican priest in choir dressIn most Christian traditions, priests wear clerical clothing, a distinctive form of street dress. Even within individual traditions it varies considerably in form, depending on the specific occasion. In Western Christianity, the stiff white clerical collar has become the nearly universal feature of priestly clerical clothing, worn either with a cassock or a clergy shirt. The collar may be either a full collar or a vestigial tab displayed through a square cutout in the shirt collar.
Eastern Christian priests mostly retain the traditional dress of two layers of differently cut cassock: the rasson (Greek) or podriasnik (Russian) beneath the outer exorasson (Greek) or riasa (Russian). If a pectoral cross has been awarded it is usually worn with street clothes in the Russian tradition, but not so often in the Greek tradition.
Distinctive clerical clothing is less often worn in modern times than formerly, and in many cases it is rare for a priest to wear it when not acting in a pastoral capacity, especially in countries that view themselves as largely secular in nature. There are frequent exceptions to this however, and many priests rarely if ever go out in public without it, especially in countries where their religion makes up a clear majority of the population. Pope John Paul II often instructed Catholic priests and religious to always wear their distinctive (clerical) clothing, unless wearing it would result in persecution or grave verbal attacks.
Christian traditions that retain the title of priest also retain the tradition of special liturgical vestments worn only during services. Vestments vary widely among the different Christian traditions.
In modern Pagan religions, such as Wicca, there is no one specific form of dress designated for the clergy. If there is, it is a particular of the denomination in question, and not a universal practice. However, there is a traditional form of dress, (usually a floor-length tunic and a knotted cord cincture, known as the cingulum), which is often worn by worshipers during religious rites. Among those traditions of Wicca that do dictate a specific form of dress for its clergy, they usually wear the traditional tunic in addition to other articles of clothing (such as an open-fronted robe or a cloak) as a distinctive form of religious dress, similar to a habit.
Assistant priestIn many religions there are one or more layers of assistant priests.
In the Ancient Near East, hierodules served in temples as assistants to the priestess.
In ancient Judaism, the Priests (Kohanim) had a whole class of Levites as their assistants in making the sacrifices, in singing psalms and in maintaining the Temple. The Priests and the Levites were in turn served by servants called Nethinim. These lowest level of servants were not priests.
An assistant priest is a priest in the Anglican and Episcopal churches who is not the senior member of clergy of the parish to which they are appointed, but is nonetheless in priests'' orders; there is no difference in function or theology, merely in ''grade'' or ''rank''. Some assistant priests have a "sector ministry", that is to say that they specialize in a certain area of ministry within the local church, for example youth work, hospital work, or ministry to local light industry. They may also hold some diocesan appointment part-time. In most (though not all) cases an assistant priest has the legal status of assistant curate, although it should also be noted that not all assistant curates are priests, as this legal status also applies to many deacons working as assistants in a parochial setting.
The corresponding term in the Catholic Church is "parochial vicar" – an ordained priest assigned to assist the pastor (Latin: parochus) of a parish in the pastoral care of parishioners. Normally, all pastors are also ordained priests; occasionally an auxiliary bishop will be assigned that role.
In Wicca, the leader of a coven or temple (either a high priestess or high priest) often appoints an assistant. This assistant is often called a ''deputy'', but the more traditional terms ''maiden'' (when female and assisting a high priestess) and ''summoner'' (when male and assisting a high priest) are still used in many denominations.
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Infective conjunctivitis is an infection of the thin skin, called the conjunctiva, on the front of the eye. It is very common. One or both eyes become red or pink, they may be sticky or watery and they may have surface irritation. Most cases clear in a few days without any treatment. Antibiotic drops or ointments may be advised if the infection is severe or does not settle. Marked eye pain, light hurting your eyes and reduced vision are not typical in infective conjunctivitis. Tell your doctor if these or other worrying symptoms develop. Conjunctivitis in a newborn baby is different to the common 'sticky eye' of newborn babies, and needs urgent attention from a doctor.
What is conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis means inflammation of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the thin covering (like a very thin skin) that covers the white part of the eyes and the inside of the eyelids.
What causes conjunctivitis?
Infection is the most common cause.
Allergy is another common cause. Many people with hay fever (pollen allergy) have a red and inflamed conjunctiva - the thin, clear covering over the white part of the eyes and inside of the eyelids. See the separate leaflet called Allergic Conjunctivitis for more details.
Irritant conjunctivitis sometimes occurs. For example, your conjunctiva may become inflamed after getting some shampoo in your eyes. Chlorine in swimming pools is a common cause of mild irritant conjunctivitis.
The rest of this leaflet is about conjunctivitis caused by infection.
Types of infective conjunctivitis
Common infective conjunctivitis
Most cases of infective conjunctivitis are caused by common germs (bacteria and viruses). These are often the same ones that cause coughs and colds. Conjunctivitis commonly develops when you have a cold or cough. although sometimes it occurs alone. In the vast majority of cases, infective conjunctivitis is not serious. It clears within a week or so without leaving any permanent damage to the eye.
More serious types of infective conjunctivitis
Rarely, infective conjunctivitis is more serious. For example:
- Conjunctivitis may develop in addition to infection of the cornea (keratitis). The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye. This is most commonly due to an infection with the cold sore virus (the herpes virus). If you have keratitis you are likely to get eye pain rather than just surface irritation. Blurring of vision is also common.
- A virus called adenovirus can cause a very red and prolonged conjunctivitis.
- Conjunctivitis in newborn babies can be caused by germs called chlamydia or gonorrhoea. These are sexually transmitted infections in adults; however, babies can acquire them from the birth canal. They need urgent treatment if they affect the eyes of babies. (If a mother has one of these infections in her vagina, it can be passed on to the eye of her baby during childbirth.) Note: this is different to the very common sticky eye of newborn babies, caused by a blocked tear duct. A blocked tear duct with sticky eye does not cause redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva. See separate leaflet called Tear Duct Blockage in Babies for more details.
- Some adults develop conjunctivitis due to chlamydia.
- Conjunctivitis can sometimes be just one part of a more serious infection of deeper structures of the eye. This may be indicated by eye pain, reduced vision, or swelling around the eye.
What are the symptoms of common infective conjunctivitis?
- Infective conjunctivitis usually spreads to both eyes. The whites of the eyes look inflamed and may be red or pink.
- The eyes may feel gritty and may water more than usual.
- Some mild soreness may develop; however, the condition is not usually very painful.
- The eyelids may become swollen. They are often stuck together with gluey material (discharge) after a sleep.
- Vision is not normally affected. You may develop some blurring of vision, due to discharge at the front of the eye. However, this clears with blinking.
What is the treatment for common infective conjunctivitis?
- Not treating - this is a common option for mild or moderate infections. Your tears contain chemicals that fight off germs (bacteria). Without treatment, most cases of infective conjunctivitis clear on their own within 1-2 weeks. Often they clear within 2-5 days. If symptoms become worse then see a doctor to check your eye and to see if you need treatment.
- Bathing the eyes - using cool clean water, this may be soothing.
- Lubricant eye drops - these may reduce eye discomfort. They are available over the counter, as well as on prescription.
Antibiotic preparations
These may be prescribed and might be:
- Eye drops such as chloramphenicol.
- Eye ointment such as chloramphenicol or fusidic acid (actually an oily drop, halfway between an ointment and a drop).
Note: treatment using antibiotic preparations tends to be for more severe cases, as they make very little difference in mild cases, which get better anyway. It is also used for those cases not clearing on their own. (Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, as some eye drops may not be suitable.)
Other general advice
- Do not wear contact lenses until symptoms have completely gone, and for 24 hours after the last dose of any eye drops or ointment.
- You can clean secretions from eyelids and lashes with cotton wool soaked in water.
- Infective conjunctivitis is contagious, which means it can be passed on by touching. The likelihood of passing on the infection is not high unless you are in close contact with others. Washing your hands regularly, particularly after touching your eyes, and not sharing towels or pillows, will help avoid it.
What should I look out for?
See a doctor if symptoms change, or do not settle within a few days, or if you are concerned that you have anything other than a common conjunctivitis. In particular, see a doctor urgently if:
- You develop marked eye pain.
- Light starts to hurt your eyes (photophobia).
- Spots or blisters develop on the skin next to the eye.
- Your vision becomes affected.
- Your newborn or very young baby develops conjunctivitis.
Most conjunctival infections are not serious, do not harm the eye, and clear in a few days. However, some infections such as herpes or chlamydia persist for longer than usual, are more serious and need special treatment. Most serious eye infections feel different to simple conjunctivitis because they cause significant pain. Many also affect vision. Some other conditions, including allergic conjunctivitis, can appear similar to infective conjunctivitis initially. This makes it particularly important that you go back to your doctor if things become worse or if they do not settle as expected.
Does a child with conjunctivitis need to stay off school?
Guidance from Public Health England (PHE) states that it is not necessary to exclude a child from school or from childcare if they have infective conjunctivitis, unless there is an outbreak of several cases. This is because it is a mild condition which represents no danger to others, whilst breaks in school attendance affect your child's learning. However, if an outbreak occurs, with many cases, the school or childcare centre should seek advice from the PHE or other health professional.
Did you find this information useful?
Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Patient Platform Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy. Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. For details see our conditions.


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POL 2001 - Introduction to Political Sci ( II: Social Sciences )
( Conceptions: VCSS - Social Science )
- 4 cr.
Introduction to the discipline of political science and the nature of political discourse, institutions and organizations. Topics range from politics and culture to terrorism and international relations.
Crosslist Courses: GCL 2001, LIS 2001
POL 2280 - Religion/Culture post 9/11 ( I: Cultural Diversity )
- 4 cr.
Offers students the opportunity to engage in historical reflection on 9/11 in light of recent work in religious studies and political philosophy on the rise of global religious violence throughout the world today. Examines 9/11 and its aftermath in relation to contemporary debates on the American-led "war on terror," the socio-political origins of international terrorism, the politics of corporate-led globalization, and transnational peace movements in the wake of the war in Iraq.
Crosslist Course: RES 2280
POL 3001 - Politics of Globalization ( II: Social Sciences )
( Integrations: VISS - Social Science )
- 4 cr.
Students are exposed to divergent points of view and forms of analysis that surround the debate over globalization. The course stresses that globalization is not only about economics and politics but also wide ranging cultural, social and moral issues confronting the world community.
Crosslist Courses: GCL 3001, LIS 3001
POL 3331 - American Government ( II: Social Sciences )
- 4 cr.
Study of national government and development of form and functions of the federal system. Topics range from constitutional issues to public policy debates.
POL 3777 - Topics ( II: Social Sciences )
- 4 cr.
POL 4402 - Environmental Politics ( I: Cultural Diversity, WI: Writing Intensive )
( Integrations: VISS - Social Science )
- 4 cr.
An examination of debates dealing with global environmental problems and the varying roles of nongovernmental organizations. Topics vary from resource wars to environmental racism as issues confronting the human community.
Crosslist Courses: GCL 4402, LIS 4402
POL 4777 - Independent Study
- 0-4 cr.
POL 4999 - Independent Study
- 1-8 cr.
Independent Study.


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Sweet Macarons
- - Per Person
What You Will Learn
Famous for years in Paris, these delicate sandwich cookies have become quite popular here. In this hands-on class, you'll learn the secrets behind baking perfect macarons every time. Our chef instructor will share tips on incorporating delicious seasonal flavors and show you how to make a variety of delectable shells and fillings, perfect for mixing and matching.
South Coast Plaza
- 3333 Bear Street, Suite 110
- Costa Mesa, California 92626
- Get Directions


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Coming off a 27-goal season with the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, Coquitlam native Ben Street landed a two-way contract from the Calgary Flames that could see him play close to home with the Abbotsford Heat.
Coquitlam's Street signs with Flames/Heat, Rheault departs to join Panthers
By Sports Reporter - Abbotsford News
Published: July 11, 2012 9:00 AM
Updated: July 11, 2012 3:05 PM
It was nearly a decade ago that Troy Ward successfully recruited Ben Street to the University of Wisconsin.
Next season, he may finally get to coach him.
Street, a 25-year-old Coquitlam native, signed a two-year, two-way contract with the Abbotsford Heat's NHL parent club, the Calgary Flames, last week. Should he end up playing close to home with the Heat, he'd see a familiar face behind the bench.
"I recruited Ben to the University of Wisconsin from the BCHL [where he starred with the Salmon Arm Silverbacks], and about the time he got there, I left to pursue another opportunity," Heat head coach Ward said. "We've been in contact over the years, and I've worked with him in the summers, training with him."
For Street, it will be nice to have the opportunity to play closer to home, and for Ward.
"He's a great developer," Street told Black Press on his cell phone Wednesday from Madison, Wis. "His methods don't just click with me, but with other guys, too. His motto is 'I'm the teacher, you're the coach.' He teaches you how to do things but you've got to figure it out on your own."
After playing out his NCAA eligibility with the Wisconsin Badgers, Street began his pro career in 2010-11 with the ECHL's Wheeling Nailers. Ward helped pave the way for the 5'11", 185-pound centre to move up to the AHL, putting in a good word for Street with Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins coach John Hynes.
Street excelled with the Pittsburgh Penguins' affiliate, notching 12 goals and 11 assists for 23 points in 36 games to finish out the 2010-11 campaign, and posting 27-30-57 in 71 games last season.
With the Flames retooling after missing the playoffs for a third straight year, Street believes his chances of making their parent club eventually are better than they seemed with the talent-rich Penguins.
"That was one of my biggest reasons for my decision [to sign with the Flames]," Street said. "I really like my chances in terms of moving up. I have nothing but good things to say about the Penguins' organization but there wasn't a whole lot of room there, especially down the middle. With me being a centre man, I think I'll have a better opportunity with the Flames."
Ward had minimal input on the Flames' decision to sign Street when he hit free agency on July 1, but he believes his best days are ahead, based on his increased offensive output as a second-year AHLer.
"Ben's got a really good feel for the game, both offensively and defensively," Ward said. "He's really good on faceoffs, and he can play on the penalty kill and the power play. His shot is very much an NHL shot."
Street's father, Rob, said he's ecstatic over the prospect of seeing his son play more in living colour only a one-hour drive or so down the freeway.
"It's really exciting," Rob said. "He's worked really hard to get this opportunity and hopefully it will be the next step for him to get to the big leagues."
Ben plans to drive with his girlfriend and dog from Wisconsin next week to train for the rest of summer in the Vancouver area before attending the Flames' training camp in September, and likely joining the Heat after that.
"Abbotsford's about as close to home since I played junior in Salmon Arm," Ben said, adding with a chuckle: "My parents' travel budget will be cut down considerably."
– with files from Larry Pruner, Black Press
The Heat also added defenceman Zach McKelvie last week, inking the former Providence Bruin to a one-year AHL contract.
The 6'2", 200-pounder is defensive-minded in his approach, posting one goal and one assist in 39 games with the Boston Bruins' affiliate last season.
A trio of Heat forwards – Paul Byron, Akim Aliu and Dustin Sylvester – will solidified their returns to the organization after signing one-year contracts last week.
Byron and Aliu inked two-way NHL deals. Byron scored 21 points (seven goals, 14 assists) in 39 AHL games last season, hitting his stride offensively late in the campaign on a line with Sylvester and Krys Kolanos.
Aliu found a home on the Heat's third line and contributed 10 goals and four assists in 42 games.
Sylvester, who signed an AHL contract, was named the Heat's rookie of the year after posting 15-19-34 in 64 games.
Goalie Leland Irving has received a qualifying offer from the Flames, but he's the last of the team's restricted free agents who has yet to agree on a new deal.
Jon Rheault and Brian Connelly, key contributors for the Heat last season, both bid adieu in free agency.
Rheault, a speedy, versatile forward, signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Florida Panthers, while offensive-minded blueliner Connelly reached a two-year, two-way pact with the Minnesota Wild.
Connelly was an AHL second team all-star who finished second among league defenceman in scoring last season (6-46-52 in 72 games). But losing Rheault might sting the Heat even more. He was one of the squad's longest-tenured players, having arrived in Abbotsford late in the Heat's inaugural season of 2009-10, and Ward called him "the heart and soul of the team" last season.
Rheault was open to returning, and he had the option to come back on an AHL deal. But the Flames declined to match the Panthers' offer of a two-way NHL pact.
"I have nothing but unbelievable things to say about the Calgary and Abbotsford Heat organizations and all that they've done for me over the past two or three years," he said. "At the same time, I'm very excited for the opportunity in Florida, and I feel like this is the break I've been waiting for. Hopefully this leads to playing in the NHL soon."
Rheault struggled through a series of injuries last year – had a hamstring injury towards the start of the campaign, a concussion at midseason, and finally a late-season abdominal injury that necessitated surgery after the Heat were eliminated from the playoffs.
But he was effective when healthy, and posted 16-17-33 in 47 games.
He departs as the fledgling franchise's all-time leading scorer, though as those types of records go, his total of 72 points is rather modest.
"I don't think that'll last very long, especially with the likes of Ben Walter and Krys Kolanos still in the system," he noted with a chuckle. "I'm happy with that accomplishment, but I look forward to one of those guys breaking it."
"Jon is a tough loss for our organization, most importantly as a man," Ward said. "He was a good teammate to a lot of guys. Obviously we're going to miss his speed and a lot of the things he did for us – he was on the penalty kill, he was on the power play, he ate up a lot of minutes. Those are tough minutes to lose. But we're excited that he gets a new opportunity, and we feel like we've been a big part of his life."
Ward is running the on-ice sessions at the Flames' development camp in Calgary this week, featuring a collection of Heat players, draft choices and free agent invitees.
The Heat bench boss said the players expect to shine have, for the most part, done so. He pointed to top prospects Sven Baertschi and John Gaudreau, and Heat alums Carter Bancks and Greg Nemisz as being among the standouts.
"Carter Bancks, I thought, was exceptional on Day 1," Ward noted.


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OTTAWA, Ont. — Marcel Desjardins has no problem being the face of Ottawa's new CFL franchise.
The 46-year-old native of Burlington, Ont., was named general manager of Ottawa's yet unnamed expansion club Wednesday. The Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group, which owns the franchise, ended months of speculation by unveiling Desjardins as its first GM.
His contract is reportedly a four-year deal.
Desjardins takes on the task of building the new Ottawa team after spending the last four seasons as the assistant general manager for the Montreal Alouettes. Desjardins served as the Hamilton Tiger-Cats GM in 2007 before returning to Montreal.
"It's a tremendous opportunity and something I really look forward to," Desjardins said. "I have my thoughts on how I want to set everything up.
"To do it from the ground up, not only people-wise, but from the actual offices and locker-room and all that stuff. It's a lot, but it's like you're building a model."
Jeff Hunt, the president of OSEG Sports, said the process of selecting a general manager was intense and lengthy but the ownership group felt Desjardins' experience made him the logical choice.
"Any expansion team in any sport would probably have four or five things that you really want to have and I think Marcel has all of those things," Hunt said. "Chief among them, in my mind, is his experience.
"His experience with Montreal, which I think is the most admired franchise in the CFL right now as far as on-field success goes, will be an incredible addition."
Desjardins' departure will mark the second significant blow this off-season to the Alouettes football operations department. Earlier this month, head coach Marc Trestman left Montreal to become head coach of the NFL's Chicago Bears.
"On behalf of the Montreal Alouettes, I first want to congratulate Marcel for obtaining the job in Ottawa and second, to thank him for a fantastic job in the way he has serviced the Montreal Alouettes," Montreal GM Jim Popp said in a statement. "Marcel is a real hero in the organization who doesn't get nearly enough thank yous that should go his way."
Desjardins plans on making Ottawa "the most desirable destination" in the CFL for players and staff.
"The facility is going to be second to none, that's not to say other cities don't have that, but it's very important," Desjardins said. "Secondly it's just how you treat people.
"You need to treat people as professionals, you need to treat the players and the staff as people. You don't talk down to people. You create an environment where people want to be there and that goes a long way."
The Ottawa franchise is slated to begin play in 2014 and Desjardins has plenty of work ahead of him.
Ottawa will select four NCAA underclassmen in this year's CFL draft before participating in December in a three-round expansion draft of players made available from the existing eight clubs. Then in 2014, the franchise will take part in the league's Canadian college draft
Ottawa has been without a CFL franchise since 2006 when the Renegades were suspended after four seasons by the league because of financial instability. The Renegades were born seven years after the storied Ottawa Rough Riders folded operations.
Ottawa football fans were forced to endure losing seasons and questionable ownership during the last two renditions of CFL football in the Canadian capital. Desjardins understands he faces a challenge re-igniting the fans' passion for football.
"We have to have credibility at all levels," he said. "With myself, with the head coach and with the players and obviously specifically with our performance on the field.
"The players are going to have to be able to deliver a competitive team, competitive game and entertain the fans at the same time."
Patience will be part of Desjardins' mantra, adding it will be crucial in developing a quality product fans can embrace. Desjardins said he doesn't believe in shortcuts and has no intention of rushing the process.
The plan is to build through the draft and for Ottawa to find and develop its own players.
"As with any CFL team our strength on the field will derive from our quarterback as well as our Canadian content," Desjardins said. "Decisions will be made in the best interest of the club while balancing short-term accomplishments in a clear vision for the longterm."
Desjardins is also a firm believer in having local content, but not at the expense of the team's success.
"You want local content on your football team, but at the end of the day the most important thing is to make sure you select the best player," he said. "So if it's a question of the best player versus the local player you're going to choose the best player."
While Desjardins is preaching patience he doesn't believe fans will have to wait too long for a competitive on-field product.


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Treatwell: Beauty Salon Booking & Appointment App
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I have been going to Colabella for three years. I have any stylist as they are all brill.the salon owners anna and ren run a very professional business, I go between all branches including the beauty salon, the salons are very nice VERY CLEAN!!! and they are all so friendly, they offer a great consultation and recommend products to suit your hair which I expect as they know their job, compared to my previous salon they are a lot cheaper, everything down to the magazine choice, drinks selection is great iv recommended them to family and friends who all still go plus a bonus of 20% off for each referral happy
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- Place Classified Ad
- Browse Classifieds
- BC Jobs
- CrowdFunding
- Oak Bay News
- Peninsula News Review
- Saanich News
- Goldstream News Gazette
- Real Estate Victoria
- Vancouver Island Free Daily
Cigarettes ignite Bent Mast porch
Carelessly tossed cigarettes are to blame for a fire on the front porch of the Bent Mast Pub in James Bay Thursday morning.
Arson was initially considered as the reason behind the charred porch, but as the investigation into the fire continued, suspicious circumstances were ruled out, said Victoria Fire Department's fire prevention officer and investigator Bonnie Barratt.
"You always get all kinds of interesting and very good information," Barratt said, referring to witness reports that the fire might have been deliberately set, "but in the end it's the investigation and the science that make the case."
At 4:30 a.m. on Thursday, neighbours near the pub alerted fire crews to a fire burning at the building, at 512 Simcoe St.
Seventeen firefighters and Barratt arrived in six vehicles. They took a "fast attack" approach on the blaze, said firefighter Clint Cole.
"A rig comes in and starts fighting the fire directly without stringing into a hydrant," he explained. The fast attack is used when a fire needs to be contained right away, from the building's exterior.
"It was a really good call by the battalion chief," Cole said.
By Friday afternoon, workers were cleaning up the pub, which was still surrounded by yellow police tape.
In the end, it is estimated the fire did $10,000 in damage.
Hot cigarette butts landed in bark mulch next to the old pub, on the Toronto Street side.
"The fire crews did an amazing job," Barratt said. "This one could have been a catastrophe – it could have gone through the basement and (done serious damage) but they hit it quickly."


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More fun from Hasbro and this amazing line that they want to hype, but don't want to just give us at retail.
TFW2005.com posted this scan of the new Comic-Con magazine, which lists Hasbro's exclusives.
There's also a "501st Legion: R2-KT." No idea what that is, but I'll wager it's a repainted R2 unit. May be cool, may be stupid.
In other news, Alternator Rodimus [Prime] looks to be an all-new sculpt (or at least a new import from Takara). There's also a Titanium Menasor, which is rumored to be a black repaint of Titanium Rodimus (because a gigantic robot made of a tractor-trailer and four race cars looks so much like a futuristic sportscar/truck ).
Marvel Legends will have a She-Hulk (repaint?) and Stan Lee. And we already know about the Pimp Daddy Destro(s).
So, with at least four of the exclusives being new sculpts, this is a new approach to exclusives for Hasbro. I guess Nemesis Prime and Stormtrooper with 501st Logo didn't do as well as planned?


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The Horse Forum
- Horse Riding Critique
- - Terms?
Terms? Okay, so I'm sort of new to the forums. My date says I'm not that new, but I haven't really posted anything on here before. I'm planning on posting conformation shots of one of my horses after summer has passed and they're in better shape (the pudgies), but in the meantime I'm skimming the forums. I've been reading some of the critique ones and, while Jazzyrider's post helped a ton in terms of shots and correct picture taking and stuff, I'm kind of stuck on some of the terms you guys use. Examples: "riding on the vertical", "downhill", "uphill". It could just be my lack of English riding knowledge (I'm a western rider), but if you could explain the terms for the conformationally challenged (like me) it'd be much appreciated. |
I will let someone more experienced explain on the vertical... Downhill means the horse's hindquarters or croup appear to be higher than the withers. Uphill would be the opposite. |
13 Attachment(s) Vertical means not leaning in or out, aligning the ears, shoulder blades, and pelvis of the horse so they sit horizontal and level. (found that on Google) LOL! Feel free to correct that. :D Anyway, when you do take pictures, remember to have the horse standing square & take lots of side shots! :D Hindquarter shots are okay, too. ;) Hope I helped! |
Riding on the vertical is when a horse has his head bent so that the vertical 'line' running from his ears to his nose is perpendicular to the ground. Downhill is bad for a horse to be--if his butt is higher then his withers, it is much harder for the horse to get his butt under his body to lift up his back. He is always moving like he is running 'down a hill'... hence the name. :) Some people do not like uphill conformations, but it personally doesn't bother me for certain things. |
Okay! Thanks guys, that helped a lot. |
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PANAMA CITY BEACH, Fla. (AP) — A lightning strike from a passing thunderstorm in Florida killed a Panama City Beach police dog named Argo.
The daughter of the dog's handler, Cpl. Jason Gleason, found the dog behind his kennel Sunday evening.
The News Herald of Panama City (http://bit.ly/1vi6k77) reports Gleason left the dog in his kennel because he was on his way to a training session. Officials say most of the fur was missing from Argo's front leg above the paw, indicating a lightning strike.
Police Chief Drew Whitman says Gleason is having a "hard time" dealing with the dog's death.
Argo replaced Gleason's former K-9 partner Poncho who disappeared and was presumed dead in 2009 while tracking suspects in the woods.
Argo had four national certificates and helped seize about $25,000 in illegal narcotics.
Information from: The (Panama City, Fla.) News Herald, http://www.newsherald.com
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Outfielder Marlon Byrd suspended 50 games for positive drug test
Outfielder Marlon Byrd, a free agent after being released by the Boston Red Sox on June 12, has been suspended 50 games after a positive drug test.
ESPN's T.J. Quinn reports on Twitter that Byrd's positive test came for a drug used to deal with the side effects of steroids, not a performance-enhancing drug itself.
[tweet https://twitter.com/MLB_PR/status/217347213779668995]
[tweet https://twitter.com/TJQuinnESPN/status/217348903387926528] Byrd, 34, has spent 11 years in the major leagues. This season, he split his time between the Chicago Cubs and the Red Sox. He hit .210 with one home run in 47 games with the two teams.


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In the thought process of you can't make this shit up?
What was she thinking? Now lets see how that would run if the shoe was on the other foot. A conservative white male says he will blow her brains out, a black liberal woman? Front page NY Times?
I just didn't want you to miss this... BTW the bill passed 164-37, so the majority including members of her own party disagreed!


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Impresario Harvey Goldsmith, 67, has staged events including 1985's Live Aid and Rolling Stones and Pink Floyd concerts. He was created CBE in 1996.
What was your earliest ambition?
To be a pharmacist, working on perfumery.
Public school or state school? University or straight into work?
Eleven-plus and grammar school, Christ's College. Loved every minute of it, including getting generally beaten up for being a naughty boy. I then went to Brighton College of Technology to do a CNAA course in pharmacy, but just after I started all those courses were stopped. I was terribly disillusioned. I had turned up at the student union and said that we should open a club and the president said, "Go on, then, genius." I opened a club in January 1966. And that was the start.
Who was your mentor?
In England, Lord Grade. In America, Frank Barsalona – he owned an agency called Premier Talent, he created the model for the promoting business. And Ahmet Ertegün, head of Atlantic Records. Between them, those two introduced me to America.
How physically fit are you?
Reasonably. I can't bear gyms but I run round the bed. And I walk a hell of a lot more than I used to.
Ambition or talent: which matters more to success?
Talent. Ambition comes with the job; talent is innate.
Have you ever taken an IQ test?
How politically committed are you?
I'm very politically motivated on a wide church of what the word "politics" means. I'm sick of dealing with bureaucrats who don't know their arses from their elbows – who can't see what's wrong and how easy it would be to put things right.
Do you consider your carbon footprint?
Very, very much. We've won prizes for being eco-friendly at our offices. I think it's terribly important that individuals play their part. I'm an investor in a company called Recyclebank – you get rewards for the effort you make.
Do you have more than one home?
What would you like to own that you don't currently possess?
A crane. I'd rent it out, it would be my pension for life.
What's your biggest extravagance?
Doing absolutely nothing.
In what place are you happiest?
Ten minutes after a good event finishes.
What ambitions do you still have?
I'm trying to push the Legacy group on the future of the Olympic Stadium. I came up with a solution for the Dome, now the most popular music venue in the world, and I believe I could be a lot of help with the Olympic Park.
What drives you on?
What is the greatest achievement of your life so far?
The whole Band Aid movement. It started a global new way of giving.
What has been your greatest disappointment?
For entrepreneurs, things go wrong as much as they go right and you learn from it.
If your 20-year-old self could see you now, what would he think?
He'd be a bit surprised, to be honest.
If you lost everything tomorrow, what would you do?
Start again.
Do you believe in assisted suicide?
No. But equally I believe the ageing process and the way we as a society are dealing with it are awful.
Do you believe in an afterlife?
Am I religious? Deep down, yes. Do I believe in an afterlife? I don't know.
If you had to rate your satisfaction with your life so far, out of 10, what would you score?
Harvey Goldsmith is appearing at the Editorial Intelligence ideas festival Names Not Numbers in association with FT Weekend; www.namesnotnumbers.com


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green funerals: 1/2 of 2
Eco funerals increasing in popularity
October 1st, 2013
By Clare Stevens
Many of us are living greener lifestyles, but what about the imprint we leave when we die? Traditional burial and cremation practices can create a sizeable carbon footprint. Clare Stevens explores the options for those seeking to make their goodbye a green one....... more...CASE STUDY: green funerals
Laura Sevier
22nd May, 2008
Why mourn a death when you can celebrate a life? Laura Sevier meets a pioneer in his tranquil and tree-filled field, determined to take the fear and formality out of funerals more...
green funerals: 1/2 of 2
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Outdoor Research Women's PL 400 Glove
Key Features
Double-layer MirrorSeam construction
Quick-drying 300-weight fleece shell
Cozy 100-weight fleece interior
Silicone print on palms and fingers for solid grip
Can be worn by itself or as a liner
- Please note: This item can only be shipped to U.S. addresses.
back to topProduct Description
This wind-resistant glove delivers superior warmth without sacrificing dexterity. Double-layer MirrorSeam construction combines a quick-drying 300-weight fleece shell with a cozy 100-weight fleece interior and minimal seaming. MotionWrap construction and a contoured wrist offer provide a great fit. Silicone print on the palms and fingers offers a solid grip and abrasion resistance. Can be worn by itself or as a liner. Temperature range: 25°F to 40°F. Imported.


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Innovation and Dominant Design in Mobile Telephone
We document the evolution of product innovation and features in the mobile telephone handset market. We distinguish between two types of product innovation : vertical and horizontal innovation. Using data from 1990 - 2003, we find that some characteristics have subsequently become an industry standard, while some remained as horizontally differentiating features of mobile handsets. We explain this pattern using the concept of dominant design, and results from the theoretical literature on the incentives for horizontal and vertical differentiation
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Length: | 31 pages |
Date of creation: | 2006 |
Handle: | RePEc:rif:dpaper:1012 |
Contact details of provider: | Postal: Lönnrotinkatu 4 B, FIN-00120 HELSINKI Phone: +358 (0)9 609 900 Fax: +358 (0)9 601 753 Web page: http://www.etla.fi/ More information through EDIRC |
Order Information: | Email: |
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Gandal, Neil & Salant, David & Waverman, Leonard, 0. "Standards in wireless telephone networks," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 27(5-6), pages 325-332, June.
- Lehrer, Mark, 2004. "National lead markets and the design competition for 3G network applications," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 57(12), pages 1397-1401, December.
- Czarnitzki, Dirk & Kraft, Kornelius, 2000.
"An empirical test of the asymmetric models on innovative activity: who invests more into R&D - the incumbent or the challenger?,"
ZEW Discussion Papers
00-10, ZEW - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung / Center for European Economic Research.
- Czarnitzki, Dirk & Kraft, Kornelius, 2004. "An empirical test of the asymmetric models on innovative activity: who invests more into R&D, the incumbent or the challenger?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 153-173, June.
- Heli Koski & Tobias Kretschmer, 2005.
"Entry, standards and competition : firm strategies and the diffusion of mobile telephony,"
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics
801, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Heli Koski & Tobias Kretschmer, 2004. "Entry, Standards and Competition: Firm Strategies and the Diffusion of Mobile Telephony," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 26(1), pages 89-113, November.
- Koski, Heli & Kretschmer, Tobias, 2002. "Entry, Standards and Competition : Firm Strategies and the Diffusion of Mobile Telephony," Discussion Papers 824, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
- Reinganum, Jennifer F, 1983.
"Uncertain Innovation and the Persistence of Monopoly,"
American Economic Review,
American Economic Association, vol. 73(4), pages 741-748, September.
- Reinganum, Jennifer R., 1982. "Uncertain Innovation and the Persistence of Monopoly," Working Papers 431, California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Degryse, H.A., 1996.
"On the interaction between vertical and horizontal product differentiation : An application to banking,"
Other publications TiSEM
384e9355-ea79-4b3e-90cb-1, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
- Degryse, Hans, 1996. "On the Interaction between Vertical and Horizontal Product Differentiation: An Application to Banking," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 169-186, June.
- Clayton M. Christensen & Fernando F. Suárez & James M. Utterback, 1998. "Strategies for Survival in Fast-Changing Industries," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 44(12-Part-2), pages 207-220, December.
- Heli Koski & Tobias Kretschmer, 2004.
"Survey on Competing in Network Industries: Firm Strategies, Market Outcomes, and Policy Implications,"
Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade,
Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 5-31, 03.
- Heli Koski & Tobias Kretschmer, 2004. "Survey on competing in network industries : firm strategies, market outcomes, and policy implications," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 803, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Liikanen, Jukka & Stoneman, Paul & Toivanen, Otto, 2004. "Intergenerational effects in the diffusion of new technology: the case of mobile phones," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 22(8-9), pages 1137-1154, November.
- Geroski, Paul, 2003. "The Evolution of New Markets," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199248896, December.
- Tobias Kretschmer & Katrin Muehlfeld, 2004. "Co-opetition in Standard-Setting: The Case of the Compact Disc," Working Papers 04-14, NET Institute, revised Oct 2004.
- Robert Axelrod & Will Mitchell & Robert E. Thomas & D. Scott Bennett & Erhard Bruderer, 1995. "Coalition Formation in Standard-Setting Alliances," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 41(9), pages 1493-1508, September.
- Rosenkranz, Stephanie, 2003. "Simultaneous choice of process and product innovation when consumers have a preference for product variety," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 183-201, February.
- Darren Filson, "undated".
"Product and Process Innovations in the Life Cycle of an Industry,"
Claremont Colleges Working Papers
2000-30, Claremont Colleges.
- Filson, Darren, 2002. "Product and process innovations in the life cycle of an industry," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 97-112, September.
- Neven, D. & Thisse, J-F., 1989. "On Quality And Variety Competition," CORE Discussion Papers 1989020, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
- Rebecca Henderson, 1993. "Underinvestment and Incompetence as Responses to Radical Innovation: Evidence from the Photolithographic Alignment Equipment Industry," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 24(2), pages 248-270, Summer.
- Heli Koski & Tobias Kretschmer, 2004. "Competing in Network Industries--A Rejoinder," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 67-69, 03.
- Avner Shaked & John Sutton, 1982. "Relaxing Price Competition Through Product Differentiation," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 49(1), pages 3-13.
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text: 8 out of 10 Chris London No Good Points+ Fred takes you through each song in his relaxed and easy going style, breaking the them down into sections. His explanations of how to form each of the chords are clear and precise. Bad Points− A complete beginner might find it tricky to take on board some of the musical theory ideas. Some basic music theory is, I think, required in order to fully understand certain elements of the dvd. Confirmed purchase: 03 November 2014 Published on: 17 November 2014


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The Ivy skate features a vegan-friendly vinyl, high-top upper; a brushed-soft nylon cloth lining; universal metal plate with bolt-on toe-stop; and Moxi's MDI outdoor wheels with Kwik Abec 3 bearings. Complete with lace-up system with soft laces and a logo tag at the tongue. UO Exclusive.
- Vinyl, nylon, PVC, mixed metal, urethane
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The Science Behind the b-Calm Product Claims
White noise is incorporated in the b-Calm audio tracks, according to Curtis Carroll, a mechanical engineer and former member of the b-Calm team, because research suggests it is beneficial for ADD/ADHD children. A 2007 study published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines found that contrary to the conventional wisdom that noise is disruptive to brain functioning, "a certain amount of noise can benefit performance" -- specifically for those with low dopamine levels, including children with ADD/ADHD. In the study, which compared the performance of a control group (non- ADD/ADHD students) to ADD/ADHD students on a series of tasks in the presence or absence of white noise, the noise "exerted a positive effect on cognitive performance for the ADHD group and deteriorated performance for the control group, indicating that ADHD subjects need more noise … for optimal cognitive performance," according to the study's authors.
The second type of sound contained in b-Calm, recordings from nature, has been added for aesthetic reasons and in the hope that ADD/ADHD and autistic children might benefit from it as researchers have found that nature recordings help dementia patients. In his white paper, Noise Control and Positive Acoustic Reinforcement: A Simple Intervention for ADHD and ASD Students, Carroll cites research that suggests dementia patients prone to disruptive vocalizations produced fewer outbursts when listening to either "gentle ocean" or "mountain stream" recordings on a headset. Another study, published in a 2004 issue of Focus: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry, found that white noise and/or nature sounds decreased stress and agitation among elderly dementia patients.
Although he has not used b-Calm or recommended it for his patients, ADDitude advisory board member, prominent psychiatrist, and ADD/ADHD expert Edward Hallowell, M.D., believes that the use of music and sound is an untapped resource and an area he predicts is set to explode onto the ADD/ADHD and autism treatment scenes. Upon hearing the product's history -- created for an autistic child who couldn't tolerate dentist visits -- Dr. Hallowell said, "That is how great discoveries are made: by accident." He cited another sound-based technology, Integrated Listening System, which is purported to exercise neural systems through sound and movement programs, as showing similar promise, and he said about b-Calm, "As professionals, it's our job to be open to new ideas. If it's safe and legal, we should give it a try."
Visit b-calmsound.com for more information.
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Quiet the Riot: Blocking Out ADD/ADHD Distractions


text: Home → News → Education New conductor charged with advancing RPI's music program Dr. Nicholas DeMaison Photo courtesy of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute By Kathryn Caggianelli, for The Record Posted: 11/12/13, 10:15 PM EST | Updated: on 11/12/2013 # Comments TROY >> Jacqui Brunelli started playing piano at the age of seven, trumpet at the age of 10 and French horn when she was 12. The now-22-year-old who hails from Newport, Vt., is poised to graduate from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in May with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering. Because her love of music has never diminished, she has continued to play, but not at the level she would have preferred during her undergraduate career."I chose to come to Rensselaer (in 2009) because of its high rank in engineering – it was 13th in the country for electrical engineering at the time and I believe its rank has risen since then," Brunelli said. "Interestingly enough, when I applied four years ago, I was very disappointed with the lack of a strong musical program at RPI."Upon her arrival, Rensselaer's music program was in what Brunelli characterized as an 'interesting state of flux.'However, with the recent introduction of Dr. Nicholas DeMaison – a conductor boasting a one-of-a-kind repertoire – RPI's School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) is about to turn the corner, according to Dean Mary Simoni.Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is making strides toward rekindling the academic philosophy of the Renaissance quadrivium – arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy – through the creation of a credit-bearing music program that builds upon its core strengths in science, math and experimental media, Simoni said."Growing Rensselaer's music program is one of my priorities and bringing Nicholas DeMaison on board is an important step toward that goal," she said. "His experiences nurturing musicians and putting on performances of both classical and experimental music make him a perfect fit to help Rensselaer's music program mature."Simoni herself was recruited little more than two years ago by Rensselaer. She holds a vision for advancing the music program to the point where it will offer a much sought-after degree, as do many of the other programs currently offered by the institute."Rensselaer students are extraordinarily gifted, excelling in math and the sciences. Most of these students arrive having had years of musical training and are eager to find ways to continue their studies," Simoni said. "The ensemble program, under the skillful leadership of Dr. DeMaison, provides our students with the kind of challenging music-making experiences they deserve."A Buffalo native, DeMaison, started on his path to a career in music as a trumpet player. But from the time he was a drum major in his high school marching band in Rochester he knew that conducting was going to somehow play into his future. DeMaison earned master's and doctoral degrees at the University of California, San Diego and an undergraduate degree at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music.Prior to his arrival at Rensselaer, he led dozens of premiers of new operatic, instrumental, chorale and multimedia works. His music has been performed by the New York Philharmonic, Iktus Percussion, Sinopia Trio, PRISM Saxophone Quartet, and ensemble dal niente. He is a regular conductor with New York's Ensemble Moto Perpetuo. Most recently, DeMaison worked as music supervisor with the critically acclaimed production company Giants Are Small, on the music staff with Live from Lincoln Center and PBS and as director of Ensemble Sospreso.Most appealing to DeMaison about the opportunity presented at RPI was the commitment by the institute's administration and faculty to expand the music profile on campus as well as the one-of-a-kind resource that is EMPAC, he said."Since arriving, I have been delighted by the breadth if interests of my colleagues on the faculty, and by the seriousness of the students who are in these performance programs," DeMaison said. "For me, it is very exciting to work with students who are NOT seeking careers in music, but who are looking to enrich their lives via performance. I am also amazed every day at the caliber of the students at RPI and the types of things they are spending their lives working on. I hope to glean as much from them about non-musical things as I hope they glean from me about musical things."Additionally, DeMaison said he plans to create as many opportunities as possible for music performance around the campus at the highest musical level."I would like to see this work flow freely between the campus and the City of Troy. This fall all of our concerts will be on campus but I hope to start performing in downtown Troy as soon as possible," he said.As the music program evolves, students will engage in such activities as programming microcontrollers that advance the design of new musical instruments or by participating in the design of hardware that advances the performing arts, said Simoni."With respect for our musical traditions, we will push the boundaries of our imagination into the realm of what is possible," she said.DeMaison and Simoni's goals for advancing the music program are shared by Brunelli."What I would love to see out of the program is an orchestra and choir that RPI can show off," Brunelli said. "I want to see a solid, competitive program that future students will want to be part of. I want to see an orchestra equivalent to MIT's because we have the talent but have just lacked direction."In his new role at RPI, DeMaison's conducts the 50-student Rensselaer Orchestra, the university Concert Choir and is in the throes of organizing a comprehensive chamber music program. Prior to his arrival, all ensembles were overseen and led by the student-run Rensselaer Music Association."As part of the transition toward a music degree, these ensembles are now under the auspices of Rensselaer's School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences. Students will receive academic credit in Arts for their participation," Simoni said. Advertisement Subscribe to Home Delivery for only $4.50 per week!


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I recently purchased a roll 30 Wilson Pro overgrips and noticed they are different than the previous pack I purchased about a year ago. The new one has a different picture of Roger Federer on it. I have been a fan of the Pro overgrip due to the tack and cushion they provide. However, the recent ones are not as tacky and durability has suffered. I used to get about 6 hours with the old Wilson Pro grip and now I only get about 3 hours before they become dry and worn out. I also noticed when wrapping the grip, the grip wrinkles which didn't happen on the old one which to me means they cheapen the grip. I have tried the Yonex, Volkl, and Tourna overgrips and feel they are not the same as the Wilson Pro overgrip. Has anyone has tried any of these listed below and if they are comparable or better than the Wilson Pro overgrip? Kirschbaum Touch IT Mantis Performa Tac Pacific X Tack Pro Technifibre ATP Pro Contact Technifibre Pro Players Technifibre Player's Wrap
Kirschbaum touch it is the best grip I have ever tried. The black one that is, they claim the colour makes a difference. I also used to use Wilson pro overgrip but have never gone back after trying Kirschbaum. very good feel, very durable and what i like most is that i don't get blisters nearly as fast as i do with other grips.
Which Volkl did you try? I really like the V Tac. Of those you mentioned, I also tried the Pacific amd it is extremely tacky, much tackier than the Wilson.
dunlop gecko tac overgrips are very tacky and are feel soft, almost rubbery compared to the more paperlike grips some other manufacturers provide. worth checking out.
I liked the Gecko Tac, but it's nothing like Wilson Pro. Nothing whatsoever. I'm using the SuperGraps. They aren't amazing, but they get the job done.
I didn't notice the new one smelling worse than the older grips but the biggest gripe I have is they definitely used less material since it wrinkles when you start wrapping it around the handle which the previous one didn't. It also is less durable. I guess I will give the Technifibre ones and Pacific one a shot since no one has tried those yet.
They just got the Tecnifibre ones in at my local shop. There is also a new Wilson Shock Shield overgrip that is out.


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Anyone play Mensa?
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Ol' Dirty Trixˣ
Wu Tang Clam
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: G-Spot, PuNarnia
Posts: 8,043
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Mensa IQ Levels
IQ or Intelligence Quotient is an attempt to measure intelligence. This means many things to many people but generally the attribute of intelligence refers to quickness of mental comprehension (or mental agility). Intelligence is often confused with knowledge, wisdom, memory, or other attributes and in general has a variety of meanings depending on the context in which it is used. The term IQ usually refers to the attempt to measure a person's mental agility.
There are many standard IQ tests in use around the world. On most intelligence tests, average IQ score is 100, but some tests give different numerical values to the level required for entry into Mensa, in the same way that the same temperature is expressed by different numerical values on the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales.
One way of comparing scores from different IQ tests is to convert them to a ranking, or percentile score, which tells you in which band you fit. A percentile score of 99% means that you are in the top 1%, a percentile score of 98% puts you in the top 2% and so on.
Supervised Mensa IQ Test
British Mensa uses two main tests to identify people's IQ scores, the Cattell III B and the Cattell Culture Fair III A.
A score which puts you in the top two per cent of the population on either of these papers would qualify you for membership of Mensa.
An adult can only get a maximum IQ of 161 on the Cattell III B test.
Comparison of IQ Tests
As different IQ tests were developed, each was given its own scoring system. Therefore, an IQ of 150 is a meaningless claim unless you know the actual test which was used. In order to compare one IQ test against another, the scores are converted to 'percentiles', i.e. where a person's score falls in comparison to the rest of the population by percentage. Mensa offers membership to anyone whose IQ score places them within the top two per cent of the population, no matter which approved test was used.
A top 2% mark in any of these frequently used tests below qualifies you for entry to Mensa. The minimum test mark to get into Mensa is:
Cattell III B - 148
Culture Fair - 132
Ravens Advanced Matrices - 135
Ravens Standard Matrices - 131
Wechsler Scales - 132
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Senator C. Palantine
you know Trixx is ODB, right?
Listen to Jay-z's last album, it's all there.
Decipher, son.
Don't want no puss filled yellowheaded dick man
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text: First clip from the brand new season of Futurama reveals the male versions of Leela and AmyMeredith Woerner5/05/11 9:30amFiled to: TelevisionFuturamaClipsVideoAnimationCartoonstweetFbMatt Groeningdavid x. cohenThis is awesome45EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Is this the return of the infamous she-Bender character Coilette? The first ever clip for the brand new season of Futurama gives everyone at Planet Express a gender-swap. Meet male Leela and Amy right now. Advertisement Futurama's one-hour season premiere is June 23 at 10/9c on Comedy Central — keep up with the show via the Futurama countdown page, which will feature a new picture, concept art or video from the new series until the premiere date in June.Reply45 repliesLeave a reply


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What do you get when you cross an artsy experimental film with a slasher flick? Yeah, I know…a mess. But it's an artsy mess. Vindication is a movie that provokes the question "What is happening here?" repeatedly.
In the opening frames, a few odd things appear. Maybe that's a demon in chains or something worse. Is there something worse? Cut to a young man (Keith Fraser as Nicolas Bertram) who happens to be, are you ready for this, a cutter. He has multiple scars on his body, and he's adding another. In the next scene he is auditioning on stage by reciting a Shakespearean monologue. Without gusto.
We learn that this young man, Nicolas, is an art student attending the "prestigious" College of Performance and Visual Arts. If nothing else, Nicolas has angst. He is an artist facing a blank canvas, an actor without a role.
Nicolas visits his despicable father to either get money to pay his rent or live at Dad's. Dad (Jerry Murdock) lays down a load of vitriol, telling his son that he stopped loving him before he was born, that he is a pariah, and he should join the army and become a man (Dad was never in the armed forces). He throws money in his son's face and throws him out. Why, we wonder, did Nicolas think his father would welcome him?
Nicolas goes to a park and while sitting under a tree, it bleeds on him. The next logical step, of course, is suicide. Nicolas has a roommate, a fellow art student, who doesn't find it odd that there's a box cutter (probably blood-stained) in the medicine cabinet. Nic takes the box cutter into the bath with him and slits his wrist. This scene is nicely done—you don't see the cutting or hear all the screaming that Nicolas does. It's all camera angles and music.
The roommate saves Nic, who is rushed to the hospital where the weirdness begins. His life is saved and he is visited by what could best be described as a death clown. This hideous creature, Kon'shuns, delivers a monologue punctuated with the killer line, "Guilt shows no mercy." This scene, rendered in black and white, is quite good, visually. It revives memories of late-1960s experimental films.
Apparently, once you've seen the death clown, you're in for a helluva ride. Out of the hospital, Nicolas falls asleep on the couch and is visited by his dead mother in a dream (another effective scene, as Mom describes the joy of being pregnant which deteriorated to fear when she began to have ugly visions). Nicolas has a strange encounter with a street vendor selling flowers, visits a freaky photographer snapping shots of a man with strap-on angel wings and red make-up (seems to be Lucifer), and is confronted by a particularly nasty (and nasty-looking) seer who insults and berates him, then demands $20. Up until this point the scenes which could have been revoltingly gory are handled with some restraint.
Now it's time for hell to break loose. All hell. Nicolas goes to his brother's home, a man asks for help with his broken-down car, Nic has visions of the clown, and kills the man—all very bloody. Nic gets into a fight with his brother (nicely choreographed), stabs him, and as the brother reaches for a chainsaw, Nic garrotes him with a length of barbed wire. Nasty.
Before the film ends, there is an orgy of violence culminating in Nic slashing and stabbing a roomful of partiers. The audience learns that death is irrelevant to Nic and violence lives forever.
What starts out as a funky, experimental indie, turns into a blood-spraying gorefest. Slasher flick fans who are more interested in carnage than plot, will find the second half of Vindication entertaining. Fans of experimental films will find some of the camera work and sound manipulation interesting, but may be turned off by the explicit violence.
Vindication is not a great film, but it's not unbearable. The psychological aspects are underplayed while the savagery is the star. After viewing it, you might be asking yourself, "Did I like it? Did I hate it?," and unable to formulate a satisfactory response. The trailer is not embeddable but is available here. There are no special features.
Bottom Line: Would I buy/rent/stream Vindication? I'm not sure, but certainly streaming is as far as I'd go. Did I like it? Did I hate it? I'm not sure.
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Calendar - TWIN LAKES TOASTMASTERS
Every Month 1st and 3rd Wednesday,
Twin Lakes Toastmasters Meeting the 1st and 3rd Wednesday of each month at noon.
Location: Integrity First Bank East Branch (Across from Wal-Mart)
KPFM Country 105.5 FM is a 50,000 watt station playing country music since 1985. A tradition beginning with KPFM debuting as the sole country FM station in the Twin Lakes Area in 1985. ...more>
KKTZ Hit 107.5 FM is a 100,000 watt station playing Hot A/C. Reaching an 18-34 age group. Hit 107.5 plays the best mix of music from the 90s through today. The Big Morning Show with Bob Van Haaren (DJ Peace) ...more>
KOMT The Eagle 93.5 is a 50,000 watt conservative & Christian talk radio station, featuring Hugh Hewitt, Mike Gallagher, Dennis Prager, Michael Medved, Mark Levin, Eric Metaxas and Coast to Coast AM ...more>
Latest News from Baxter Bulletin Newspaper - Serving Mountain Home/Baxter County


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VANCOUVER, Jan. 16, 2013 /PRNewswire/ - Abattis Bioceuticals Corp. (the "Company" or "Abattis") (OTC PINK: ATTBF) (CNSX: FLU), announces it has been granted Intl Class 5 Trademark for DefenZall in Taiwan and the USA.
Mr. Mike Withrow, Chief Executive Officer on behalf of the Company, stated, "We are pleased to extend the intellectual property of the company as we grow our brands. This mark will be used to brand our proprietary Anti-Viral Nutraceutical Platform of products which are; DefenZall Daily, DefenZall Immune Support and DefenZall Serious Defense They will be launched through our Canadian distributor Hedley Enterprises, on the Internet and via our Distributor in Hong Kong."
About Abattis Bioceuticals Corp. Abattis Bioceuticals Corp. is a specialty biotechnology company with capabilities through its wholly owned subsidiaries of producing, licensing and marketing proprietary ingredients and bio-similar compounds for use in Pharmaceuticals, Nutraceutical, Cosmetic and Animal Nutrition markets. The company owns the exclusive world wide rights to the Vertical Designs Advanced Automated Growing Technologies for these markets. The company also has a deep pipeline of proprietary products ready for sale in high growth areas of Functional Foods and Supplements business. For more information, visit the Company's website at www.abattis.com.
'Mike Withrow' Michael Withrow, President & CEO
Neither the CNSX Exchange nor its regulations services accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
SOURCE Abattis Bioceuticals Corp.


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Online visitors to the World Trade Center site will be able to explore the site with a click of the mouse thanks to a partnership between the National Sept. 11 Memorial & Museum and Google Earth.
Museum officials said Wednesday that the 3-D model will help the public visualize the memorial and its lower Manhattan setting. Visitors will be able to zoom in and look at each tree and cobblestone or zoom out and look at the entire project.
In-person visitors to the museum will see recreations of the vigils and makeshift memorials that sprang up around the city after the attacks. They also will see portraits of the victims.
The museum is scheduled to open in 2012.
Source: The Associated Press.


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Jazz Underground Series presents Loyola alumnus Ellis Marsalis
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Loyola press release - March 11, 2013
Celebrated jazz patriarch and Loyola alumnus Ellis Marsalis M.M.E. '86, H '07, will lead an ensemble of jazz students in a rousing program of classic jazz standards and iconic original compositions Thursday, March 21 at 7:30 p.m. at the Old U.S. Mint, located at 400 Esplanade Avenue in New Orleans.
Tickets are $10 for general admission, $5 for Loyola faculty and staff, and free for Loyola students. Tickets are available online at montage.loyno.edu or by calling 504-865-2074. Cash-only sales will be available at the door 30 minutes prior to the performance.
Marsalis is widely known as an accomplished jazz pianist and instructor and is often credited with shaping some of the genre's most important new musicians. He was a figurehead of the jazz music revival in New Orleans in the late 1950s and early 1960s and has enjoyed a career spanning almost four decades. After years of success playing in New Orleans clubs, Marsalis won nationwide recognition in the 1980s and 1990s when appreciation for his teaching skills led to numerous national recordings.
In January 2011, Marsalis became the first jazz artist in history to release an interactive album, "Ellis Marsalis: An Open Letter to Thelonious," in the new iTunes LP format. That same month, the National Endowment for the Arts honored him as a 2011 Jazz Master.
For more information, contact Jess Brown in Loyola's Office of Public Affairs at 504-861-5882.
For the latest updates about Loyola University New Orleans, follow us on Twitter @LoyolaNOLANews or become a fan on Facebook at www.facebook.com/loyno.
LoyNews is an e-newswire produced by the Loyola University New Orleans Office of Public Affairs. LoyNews is distributed weekly to local, regional and national news media outlets, communicating the latest news and accomplishments of the university and its community.