text: CASE NUMBER: 233 CASE MNEMONIC: BHOPAL CASE NAME: Bhopal Disaster A. IDENTIFICATION 1. THE ISSUE Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to industrial crises. However, industrial accidents such as Bhopal are not just an Indian or even a Third World problem but are industrial disasters waiting to happen , whether they are in the form of "mini-Bhopals", smaller industrial accidents that occur with disturbing frequency in chemical plants in both developed and developing countries, and "slow-motion Bhopals", unseen chronic poisoning from industrial pollution that causes irreversible pain, suffering, and death (Weir, pp. xi-xii). These are the key issues we face in a world where toxins are used and developed without fully knowing the harm that can come from their use or abuse. 2. DESCRIPTION Developing countries, such as India, are particularly vulnerable as they lack the infrastructure (e.g. communication, training, education etc.) required to maintain technology but are nevertheless, eager to set up and maintain industrial plants. As a result, they compete globally to attract multinational companies for their investment and capital, and in this process, often tend to ignore the safety and health violations that many MNC's engage in. "Developing countries confer upon MNC's a competitive advantage because they offer low-cost labor, access to markets, and lower operating costs. Once there, companies have little incentive to minimize environmental and human risks. Lax environmental and safety regulation, inadequate capital investment in safety equipment, and poor communications between companies and governments compound the problem" (Cassels, p.279). The Bhopal facility was part of India's Green Revolution aimed to increase the productivity of crops. Considered an essential factor in the effort to achieve self-sufficiency in agricultural production, pesticide production use increased dramatically during the late 1960's and early 1970's. The decision to manufacture the pesticides in India, as opposed to relying on imports was based on India's goal of preserving foreign exchange and its policy of industrialization (Cassels, p.39). In 1969, Union Carbide (UCC-the parent company) set up a small plant (Union Carbide India Ltd.- UCIL) in Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, to formulate pesticides. Bhopal was chosen as the site for the Carbide plant because of it's central location in India, a railway system that spanned the country, a large lake which provided a reliable source of water, and sufficient electricity and labor to sustain a large scale industrial plant. The MIC facility was located in the existing Carbide plant to the north of the city, adjacent to an existing residential neighborhood and barely two kilometers from the railway station. Union Carbide claims that the "squatter settlements" around the plant arrived only after it did. However, "all three of the worst-affected communities in the disaster apparently existed before the Union Carbide plant opened" (Weir, p.36). Until 1979, the Indian subsidiary of Carbide used to import MIC or methyl isocyanate from the parent company. After 1979, it started to manufacture its own MIC. MIC is one of many "intermediates" used in pesticide production and is a dangerous chemical. It is a little lighter than water but twice as heavy as air, meaning that when it escapes into the atmosphere it remains close to the ground. It has the ability to react with many substances: water acids, metals, and the small deposits of corrosive materials that accumulate in pipes, tanks, and valves. The MIC in Bhopal was used for the production of various pesticides, mainly Sevin brand carbaryl insecticide and Temik brand aldicarb pesticide. All the pesticides produced at UCIL were sold in the Indian market. According to many, Bhopal is the site of the greatest industrial disaster in history. On the night of December 23, 1984, a dangerous chemical reaction occurred in the Union Carbide factory when a large amount of water got into the MIC storage tank # 610. The leak was first detected by workers about 11:30 p.m. when their eyes began to tear and burn. They informed their supervisor who failed to take action until it was too late. In that time, a large amount, about 40 tons of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC), poured out of the tank for nearly two hours and escaped into the air, spreading within eight kilometers downwind, over the city of nearly 900,000. Thousands of people were killed (estimates ranging as high as 4,000) in their sleep or as they fled in terror, and hundreds of thousands remain injured or affected (estimates range as high as 400,000) to this day. The most seriously affected areas were the densely populated shanty towns immediately surrounding the plant -- Jayaprakash Nagar, Kazi Camp, Chola Kenchi, and the Railway Colony. The victims were almost entirely the poorest members of the population. This poisonous gas, caused death and left the survivors with lingering disability and diseases. Not much is known about the future medical damage of MIC, but according to an international medical commission, the victims suffer from serious health problems that are being misdiagnosed or ignored by local doctors (Lancet, "Round..."). Exposure to MIC has resulted in damage to the eyes and lungs and has caused respiratory ailments such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, gastrointestinal problems like hyperacidity and chronic gastritis, ophthalmic problems like chronic conjunctivitis and early cataracts, vision problems, neurological disorders such as memory and motor skills, psychiatric problems of various types including varying grades of anxiety and depression, musculoskeletal problems and gynecological problems among the victims. It is estimated that children born in Bhopal after the disaster face twice the risk of dying as do children elsewhere, partly because parents cannot care for them adequately. Surprisingly enough, despite the serious health problems and the deaths that have occurred, Union Carbide claims that the MIC is merely a "mild throat and ear irritant" (Lancet, "Round..." p.952). The Bhopal disaster was the result of a combination of legal, technological, organizational, and human errors. The immediate cause of the chemical reaction was the seepage of water (500 liters)into the MIC storage tank. The results of this reaction were exacerbated by the failure of containment and safety measures and by a complete absence of community information and emergency procedures. The long term effects were made worse by the absence of systems to care for and compensate the victims. Furthermore, safety standards and maintenance procedures at the plant had been deteriorating and ignored for months. A listing of the defects of the MIC unit runs as follows: -Gauges measuring temperature and pressure in the various parts of the unit, including the crucial MIC storage tanks, were so notoriously unreliable that workers ignored early signs of trouble (Weir, pp.41-42). -The refrigeration unit for keeping MIC at low temperatures (and therefore less likely to undergo overheating and expansion should a contaminant enter the tank) had been shut off for some time (Weir, pp.41-42). -The gas scrubber, designed to neutralize any escaping MIC, had been shut off for maintenance. Even had it been operative, post-disaster inquiries revealed, the maximum pressure it could handle was only one-quarter that which was actually reached in the accident (Weir, pp.41-42). -The flare tower, designed to burn off MIC escaping from the scrubber, was also turned off, waiting for replacement of a corroded piece of pipe. The tower, however, was inadequately designed for its task, as it was capable of handling only a quarter of the volume of gas released (Weir, pp.41-42). -The water curtain, designed to neutralize any remaining gas, was too short to reach the top of the flare tower, from where the MIC was billowing (Weir, pp.41-42). -The lack of effective warning systems; the alarm on the storage tank failed to signal the increase in temperature on the night of the disaster (Cassels, p.19). -MIC storage tank number 610 was filled beyond recommended capacity; and -a storage tank which was supposed to be held in reserve for excess MIC already contained the MIC (Cassels, p.19). Ironically, in Bhopal, the people living around the Union Carbide plant were warned of potential hazards in a series of local newspaper articles, but residents ignored these warnings because they did not know how to react to them, while local officials dismissed them as sensationalist reporting (Technology Review, p.73). Interestingly enough, Carbide tried to hide its poor safety and maintenance record along with the other faults already mentioned, by claiming publicly that the company was the victim of sabotage by a 'disgruntled employee'. Yet, Carbide didn't release the name of this employee or bring charges against him/her. However, there is evidence to the contrary which supports the view that Carbide (both the parent company and its Indian subsidiary) was a negligent company that failed to improve its deteriorating plant. Incidentally, in a report (May 1982) of the Indian subsidiary conducted by a three-member safety team from the Union Carbide headquarters in the U.S., indicated that "a serious potential for sizeable releases of toxic materials in the MIC unit either due to equipment failure, operating problems, or maintenance problems thus requiring various changes to reduce the danger of the plant; there is no evidence the recommendations were ever implemented" (Weir, pp.40-41). Furthermore, "Carbide persistently shows 'wanton and wilful disregard for the health and safety of its workers and the communities in which it operates'"(New Statesman and Society, "Surviving..." p.5). Additionally, a scientific report published by two U.S. organizations, the National Toxic Campaign and the international Council on Public Affairs, Union Carbide continues to be " 'a major discharger of toxic substances into the environment, and a major generator of hazardous waste'. In 1988, the company generated more than 300 million pounds of hazardous waste - an increase of 70 million compared with 1987" (New Statesman and Society, "Surviving..." p.5). Carbide had dropped the safety standards at the Bhopal plant well below those it maintained at a nearly identical facility in West Virginia. It is also important to note here that Carbide was able to operate its deteriorating plant because industrial safety and environmental laws and regulations were lacking or were not strictly enforced by the state of Madhya Pradesh or the Indian government making them indirectly responsible for the tragedy at Bhopal. 3. RELATED CASES VEAL case EUMEAT case ECFURBAN case BASEL case CHERNOB case BASMEX case Keyword Clusters (1): Impact = INDIA (2): Bio-geography = TROPical (3): Environmental Problem = HEALTH 4. DRAFT AUTHOR: Trupti Patel B. LEGAL CLUSTER 5. DISCOURSE AND STATUS: DISagreement and COMPlete This disaster gave rise to the world's largest lawsuit, one that spanned half-way around the world and dragged on for more than seven years. Although the final settlement ($470 million) satisfied the imperatives of the company and the Government of India, it was condemned by the victims (Cassels, preface). For years after the tragedy, the delay in delivering final compensation to the victims has further propagated the suffering to the victims. Furthermore, other elements of relief ordered by the Indian Supreme Court haven't been implemented. These are the medical surveillance program, the contingency insurance and the new hospital. There has been much dissent and several organizations have voiced that the settlement with Union Carbide, made on behalf of the victims by the Indian government, should be voided. These petitioners argue that the Indian court had no authority to dismiss criminal charges or grant immunity against future charges, to Union Carbide since pleas bargaining is not permitted under Indian law. The petitioners also argued that while the settlement amount was based on an estimated 40,000 severely injured victims, medical studies suggest the number may be closer to 400,000 (Forbes, "The ghost..." p.108). Also, many medical experts believe that liability to provide adequate compensation and facilities for the handicapped victims requiring long-term follow up and treatment should rest with Union Carbide Corporation and not with the Indian Government (Lancet, "Round..." p.952). Moreover, more than 250,000 claims were never documented or classified, making it hard for these victims to obtain compensation. Much to the anger and outrage of these groups and victims and the relief of Union Carbide, on October 1991, the Indian Supreme Court upheld the Bhopal settlement of $470 million dollars. Many feel that this is a clear signal from the Indian government that MNC's investing in the country will receive only a "slap on the wrist" in the event that something like this happens again. 6. FORUM AND SCOPE: INDIA and BILATeral Issues of jurisdiction were central to the legal battle that followed the tragedy. These centered around the relationship of the parent Union Carbide Corporation to its Indian subsidiary and the appropriateness of the place where litigation is being conducted. Union Carbide Corporation maintains that it's subsidiary is separate from the parent company and so it only should be liable instead of the whole corporation. The Indian government's petition argues that insofar as Union Carbide designed, constructed, owned, and operated the plant from which the chemical escaped, the company should be held absolutely liable for all the resulting damage. Second, the company, in undertaking an activity that it knew was ultra-hazardous to the public at large, is strictly liable for the harm that was the material consequence of such activity, regardless of whether the harm that resulted was through fault of another or its own negligence. Third, the company was negligent in designing, constructing, operating and maintaining its plant and thus, failed to exercise its duty of care to protect the public from the dangers inherent in its plant and processes (Morehouse and Subramaniam, pp. 81-82). Lawsuits were filed in both U.S. and Indian courts but ultimately, it was decided that the case should be tried in an Indian court. Lawsuits filed in U.S. courts related to the Bhopal case were refused on the grounds that the immediate location of the accident was in India, the victims were Indian, and he U.S. connection with its Indian affiliate did not appear to give it an unusual degree of control. 7. DECISION BREADTH: 2 8. LEGAL STANDING: LAW Following the disaster, the Government of India passed the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Act, 1985. The Act gave power to the Central Government to represent all claimants in appropriate forums, appoint a Welfare Commissioner and other staff and to discharge duties connected with hearing of the claims and distribution of compensation. Under this Act, in 1985, the Government formulated a scheme known as the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Scheme, for the registration, processing, and determination of compensation to each claim and appeals arising from thereon. Since the tragedy, the victims have waged an "unrequited struggle for justice, but they have been ill-served by the Indian government, which failed to pursue the victims' case aggressively in the Indian courts, opting instead to go easy on Union Carbide and maintain a favorable investment climate" (New Statesman and Society, "Toxin..." p.18). Union Carbide settled out of court for $470 million, thus avoiding any damaging legal precedent or liability. In return, India's Supreme Court ordered the dismissal of all civil and criminal charges against Carbide and its officers, and gave them immunity from future prosecution. The Supreme Court felt that in this case, the victims needed immediate relief, not further legal delay. International Law at present plays almost no role in a Bhopal scenario. Substantive international law remains weak in the area of pollution, industrial hazards, and multinational business regulation (Weir, p.46). An international treaty is needed under which it would be agreed that, if courts in a signatory country award compensation after due process of law, then the award would automatically be enforced by courts in other signatory countries (Economist, p.70). C. GEOGRAPHIC CLUSTER 9. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS a. DOMAIN: ASIA b. SITE: South Asia [SASIA] c. IMPACT: INDIA 10. SUB-NATIONAL FACTORS: NO 11. TYPE OF HABITAT: TROPical D. TRADE CLUSTER 12. TYPE OF MEASURE: Regulatory Standard [REGSTD] With regard to process standards, it is apparent that Union Carbide had double standards when operating its plant in India and in West Virginia. An investigation of both the UCIL plant and its counterpart in Institute, West Virginia revealed that "while the latter plant had computerized warning and monitoring system, the former relied on manual gauges and the human senses to detect gas leaks. The capacity of the storage tanks, gas scrubbers, and flare tower was greater at the Institute plant. Finally, emergency evacuation plans were in place in Institute, but nonexistent in Bhopal" (Cassel, p.19). Also, the manner in which Carbide decided to manufacture MIC was questioned at the design stage when a controversy arose regarding the question of whether substantial storage capacity or nominal storage of MIC would be required. UCC, which provided the basic design of the plant, supervised its engineering, and defined operating procedures to run it, insisted on the former [despite the fact that] UCIL felt that the latter was...inherently safer (Morehouse and Subramaniam, p.3). 13. DIRECT OR INDIRECT: DIRECT 14. RELATION OF MEASURE TO IMPACT a. DIRECTLY RELATED: Yes CHEMical b. INDIRECTLY RELATED: No c. NOT RELATED: No d. PROCESS RELATED: Yes Health 15. TRADE PRODUCTION IDENTIFICATION: CHEMical 16. ECONOMIC DATA Estimates of the number dead and injured vary widely. Poor documentation, mass burials and cremations, and conflicting medical opinions ensure that the precise number will never be known. In addition, death records may not include homeless and transient individuals who perished. The original count of the dead was more than 2,000. By 1987, the official death toll stood at about 3,500 and by 1992, it was over 4,000. Victims' organizations placed the figure many thousands higher. In addition, 30,000 to 40,000 people were maimed and seriously injured, and 200,000 were otherwise affected through minor injury, death of a family member, and economic and social dislocation (Cassels, p.5). 17. IMPACT OF TRADE RESTRICTION: LOW 18. INDUSTRY SECTOR: CHEMical 19. EXPORTER AND IMPORTER: USA and INDIA D. ENVIRONMENT CLUSTERS 20. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM TYPE: Pollution Air [POLA] Not very much is known about the environmental impacts of the gas leak from the Bhopal plant. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has issued a preliminary report on damage to crops, vegetables, animals, and fish from the accidents, but these offer few conclusive findings since they were reported in the early stages after the disaster. This report however, did indicate that the impact of whatever toxic substances emerged from the Carbide plant were highly lethal on exposed animals. Large number of cattle (estimates range as high as 4,000), as well as dogs, cats, and birds were killed. Plant life was also severely damaged by exposure to the gas. There was also widespread defoliation of trees, especially in low lying areas (Morehouse and Subramaniam, pp.36-38). 21. SPECIES INFORMATION SPECIES: Homosapiens GENERA: NA DIVERSITY: NA 22. IMPACT AND EFFECT: HIGH and PRODuct 23. URGENCY AND LIFETIME: LOW and 70 years 24. SUBSTITUTES:: Biodegradable products [BIODG] E. OTHER FACTORS 25. CULTURE: NO There appear to be have been serious communication problems and management gaps between Union Carbide and its Indian operation. This failure to communicate hazards was the result of the parent' companies hands-off approach to its overseas operation, and can be traced to cross-cultural barriers. These can possibly be related to "disruptions and flaws which appear in multinational operations because of "the absence of common values, norms, and expectations among managers in different nations, from tendencies towards ethnocentric attitudes, from psychological impediments to cross-cultural understanding, and from obstructions and deficiencies in the flow of information within the transnational system attributable to distance and shared ownership. The fact that the operating manuals at Bhopal were printed only in English is an emblematic example of these problems (Cassels, p.21). 26. TRANS-BOUNDARY ISSUES:: NO 27. HUMAN RIGHTS: YES In mid-July 1985, the government of India Health Minister stated that 36 pregnant women had spontaneously aborted, 21 babies were born with deformities, and there were 27 stillbirths, all suspected to have been caused by the poison gas leak in Bhopal. An examination of 114 women in the field clinics in two of the gas affected slums in Bhopal three months after the disaster revealed that an extremely high proportion of these women had developed gynecological diseases such as leucorrhoea (90%), pelvic inflammatory disease (79%), cervical erosion and/or endocervicitis (75%), excessive menstrual bleeding since exposure to the gas (31%), and suppression of lactation (59%). Also, there were several thousand pregnant women in the communities that were among the worst affected by the gas. Respiratory complication and the resulting hypozyia were bound to affect the fetuses as much as it did the mothers (Morehouse and Subramaniam, pp. 33-4). 28. RELEVANT LITERATURE: "After Bhopal". Lancet, Issue 603. July 16, 988. "Bhopal: Absolutely Liable". Economist, Volume 308, Issue 560. July 23, 1988. "Coping With Disaster". Technology Review, Volume 91, Issue 6. August 1988. Cassels, Jamie. The Uncertain Promise Of Law: Lessons From Bhopal. University Of Toronto Press Incorporated. 1993. Chakravarty, Subrata N. "The Ghost Returns". Forbes, Volume 146, Issue 13. December 10, 1990. "Editorial: Toxic Futures". New Statesman And Society. Volume 3, Issue 85. January 26, 1990. "Freaks of Nature: Errors of Man". World Health. January 1991. "Fresh Disaster At Bhopal Indian Politics Threaten To Compou". Barron's, Volume 68, Issue 5. February 1, 1988. Hearing Before the Subcommittee in Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives. Ninety-Eight Congress, Second Session. December 12, 1984. Jasanoff, Sheila. Learning From Disaster: Risk Management After Bhopal. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1994. Khera, S.S. The Establishment Of The Heavy Electrical Plant At Bhopal. Committee of Case Studies. The Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi. 1963. Kurzman, Dan. A Killing Wind: Inside Union Carbide and The Bhopal Catastrophe. McGraw Hill Book Company. 1987. "Land That Time Forgot". Barron's. January 22, 1990. Lappen, Alyssa A. "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do". Forbes, Volume 146, Issue 13. December 10, 1990. Morehouse, Ward and Subramaniam M. Arun. The Bhopal Tragedy: What Really Happened And What It Means For American Workers And Communities At Risk. Council on International and Public Affairs. 1986. "Poison Gas, Up Two Bucks". Nation, Volume 248, Issue 9. March 6, 1989. "Round The World: India--Long Term Effects of MIC". Lancet, Issue 644. April 29, 1989. "Second Thoughts On Bhopal". Barron's, Volume 69, Issue 8. February 20, 1989. "Spectrum: Update--Reforestation, Chernobyl, Bhopal". Environment, Volume 30, Issue 5. June 1988. "Surviving Bhopal". New Statesman And Society, Volume 3, Issue 127. November 16, 1990. "The Ghosts of Bhopal". Economist, Volume 310, Issue 590. February 18, 1989. "Toxin Town", New Statesman And Society, Volume 7, Issue 331. December 2, 1994. Weir, David. The Bhopal Syndrome: Pesticides, Environment, And Health. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco. 1987. Kumar, Sanjay "India: The Second Bhopal Tragedy". Lancet, Volume 341, Issue 854, May 8,1993. References


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There is an amazing opportunity coming April 21 for this community to support SpringHaven, our domestic violence shelter and program. A women's conference at Grace Heartland Church in Elizabethtown will feature a few nationally known speakers and some that were locally grown. There will be great info, food and fellowship and every ticket purchased will be a donation for SpringHaven.
I just don't want this to be an announcement for an event. I want to help you understand why it is so important to support this cause.
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See Our Updated Site At: www.FsmFspa.com Check Out The Reviews From Around the Web Dance - Acting - Musical Theatre - Fine Arts
The Frisco School of Music/Performing Arts is the largest arts school in the city having taught over 9000 students since we opened in the fall of 2000. As Frisco's original arts school more students have taken lessons here than anywhere else! While you are here researching the best school for you, please consider the benefits of becoming a student here and find out why we are Frisco's number one choice for music/performing arts lessons.
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Lessons are first come, first served so contact us today to arrange your first lesson!
Ten Benefits of Choosing Our Music School
1. The widest range of music lessons available in one location.
Piano, Guitar, Bass, Mandolin, Ukulele, Banjo, Drums, Violin, Viola, Voice, Clarinet and Alto Sax lessons plus our Rock School Band Series - all in one location.
Busy families can save drive time and money by scheduling multiple lessons or multiple family members on the same day. Ask about the discounts available for multi-series registration!
Our music teachers are dedicated to learning about your personal musical goals and helping you to achieve them.
Our School is 7,000 sq. ft. with 28 teaching studios, and with over 40 teachers you can imagine the flexibility we have in helping you select a lesson schedule time.
People of all ages and levels come here to take music lessons. Even adults who are new to music or returning to study!
2. The largest and most qualified teaching faculty.
With over 40 teachers, all with University training and/or professional performance experience - you can be confident that we have the right teacher to meet your needs.
Our music teachers are dedicated to learning about your personal musical goals and helping you to achieve them, and we incorporate music theory and sight reading into your lessons, right along with helping you learn your favorite songs while improving your new performance skills.
In addition to their teaching credentials, our teachers have warm personalities, are extremely friendly and dedicated to teaching you the style of music that you want to learn.
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Whether you have a young child who wants to try out lessons for the first time, or a high school student preparing for college entrance or a professional career in music, your personalized lessons will help you accomplish your dreams.
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Private and Group Music Lessons and Band Classes are by appointment and are first come, first serve so contact us today to arrange your first lesson!.
Music Lessons
Noon to 9:00pm Mondays through Thursdays Noon to 7:00pm Fridays 10:00am to 1:00pm Saturdays 2:00pm to 5:00pm Sundays
Musical Arts Schoolhouse (performing arts preschool and Kindergarten for 3-4-5-6 year olds) - 8:35am to 12:30pm daily (optional extended day available till 3:45)
4. A proven track record of excellence.
Over 9,000 students taught, and voted "Best in Education" by Frisco Style Magazine. Visit our testimonial page to see what our students are saying.
Every year, aspiring music teachers start their own studio, and a year or two later it's closed.
The Frisco School of Music has a proven track record of offering quality music lessons, year round. Our full time mission is teaching music. Work on the music YOU enjoy!
We teach a wide range of musical styles, from classical piano to rock and metal, sacred to modern pop and jazz music.
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5. A comfortable waiting room for parents and family members.
Instead of waiting in a music retail store showroom, our clients enjoy a spacious, professional waiting room with comfortable chairs, kids coloring table station, and Wi-Fi.
We also provide observation windows on every door so that you can watch your child's lesson while you wait.
Or if you prefer you can sit in on their lesson anytime you like (for private students).
6. Fully stocked lesson studios.
Our rooms are stocked with everything you need for lessons, including amps, stereos, full acoustic drum kits, keyboards, pianos and more. Plus, teachers have an iPad in every studio to incorporate fun music learning apps and sample music video examples, etc.
All you need to bring is your instrument. We have spent thousands of dollars on our facility to offer sound-resistant studios and observation windows.
7. Performance opportunities at each level of study.
The level of confidence you get performing cannot be achieved anywhere else. Plus, preparing for a performance motivates students to work toward a goal.
Our beginning group music lab classes have a WOW Showcase five times per year, and private lesson students have the option of participating in our Rising Star Music Competition, Achievement Graduations, Coffee House Shows, Texas State Theory Test and Music Showcase. Plus...Play with the Faculty Band as a featured soloist!
Our Star Power Rock Band Series is for students who want many more performances, including weekly Band rehearsals, several yearly Band Blowout Shows and all of the above mentioned performance oppotunities as well. See our Performance and Events page for details on these events.
8. Professional Office Staff seven days a week.
We have six Office Staff who are available at the front Music Desk to assist our clients. We staff our Music Desk starting at 9:00 or 10:00am through closing each day Monday through Saturdays and Sundays starting at 2:00pm. Our goal is to return all phone inquiries as soon as possible in a friendly and courteous manner.
9. Convenient location in the "heart" of Frisco.
We are located on Preston Road, just north of Main Street on the NW corner, across from the Brinkman Ranch. Due to our central location, our school is convenient to Frisco residents on both the east and west sides of Preston, plus McKinney, Prosper, Celina, Savannah, The Colony, and Plano. Visit the location page for more details.
10. No semester requirements or long term commitments.
Although most of our music students are with us for four and five years or more (earn your Five Year and Ten Year Study Trophy!), our School does not require semester minimums or yearly commitments. We plan on a year of lessons at enrollment (or start with a trial four lesson series), however if you cannot stay at the School you simply notify our Music Desk on the first of the month and finish out that month in a positive way with your teacher.
Frisco School of Music · 9255 Preston Road · Frisco, TX 75033 · 214-436-4058


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Global MBA Online
Director, Global MBA Online
Senior Lecturer International Management Studies School of Management
Education M.A., The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University B.A. (Honors), Lehigh University
Since 1987, UTD School of Management, full-time faculty member as Senior Lecturer; and in addition:
1999-present: Director, Global MBA Online program
1998-1999: Institutional Information Officer
1995-1998: Associate Director and co-founder, Masters in International Management Studies distance learning executive education program
1989-1993: Director of Educational Services (part-time on loan), Dallas International Trade Resource Center
Corporate Citibank, 1970s, Middle East locations including profit center management as Resident Vice President in charge of Bahrain and Kuwait, and Director, Executive Training Center in Beirut; Mobil Oil Corporation, 1980s, including Manager of Political & Regulatory Affairs in the Exploration & Producing Division
Consulting Market research and entry strategies, political risk analysis, and economic development assignments. Sample clients: City of Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and State of Maryland working with Economic Growth Strategies b.v. Cross-cultural training to prepare managers for expatriate assignments in USA, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, China and the Middle East. Developed training program and instructional manual "Introduction to American Values and Business Principles" (translated into Russian), with partner, for business and government delegations from Russia and Kazakhstan sponsored by Mobil Oil.
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Mission Statement
We at Sterling Laboratories strive to fulfill the needs of our customers in a professional manner with the highest quality, integrity, and value.
We pride ourselves on providing the flexibility, reliability, attention to detail, and quick turnaround time that our customers deserve.
Sterling Laboratories was founded in 1981 as an independent laboratory supplementing the technical capabilities of cleaning product manufacturers in the Midwest.
Our customers now are located throughout North America and Mexico. They include raw material providers, finished product manufacturers, marketers, and retailers of household and industrial chemical products.
Client Services
Formulation & Product Development Product Evaluation Analysis & Testing Consultations


text: The UBC IMBA is a 20-month, part-time MBA program offered by UBC Sauder's Robert H. Lee Graduate School in partnership with the Antai College of Economics and Management at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. This unique degree program features world-class UBC faculty, an award-winning curriculum, a planned trip to Vancouver, Canada and global corporate learning experience. Receive a UBC IMBA degree from Canada's leading academic business school and keep your life and career in China. As a UBC IMBA student you will gain: a general management perspective based on a solid understanding of key business functional areas and their interdependence a broad-based, senior-level strategic approach to business decision-making teamwork, communication and leadership skills developed through problem-solving, group projects and presentation. "It really pushed me to look at the total business, the big picture and think like a CEO. The professors are top notch with real world business experiences. There are very few part-time programs that can provide such quality education." Vivian Cao, UBC IMBA Class of 2013 Talent Management Director Nike Sports (China) Co. Ltd


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Alabama Recipes
Buttermilk Pie
- 6 eggs, beaten
- 2 cups sugar
- 1/4 cup flour
- 1 cup butter, melted
- 1 tablespoon vanilla extract
- 2 cups buttermilk
- 2 unbaked pie shells
Whip eggs and next 5 ingredients until smooth and lump-free. Fill shells and bake at 350 degrees approximately 25 minutes until set.
This recipe was provided to Alabama Food by the professional chef or restaurant identified above. Alabama Food staff has not tested this recipe and cannot make any representation as to the results.


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Massachusetts Institute of Technology Stats, Info and Facts |
Institution Type: | Private not-for-profit |
Campus Setting: | New England Mid-size city |
Highest Degree Offered: | Doctor's degree - research/scholarship |
Level of Institution: | Four or more years |
Calendar: | Four-one-four plan |
School Colors: | Cardinal red and steel grey |
The students here are all brilliant, motivated, inspired people. Everywhere you go there is amazing science happening, and every individual has terrific opportunities through the UROP program and the many…
An awesome place full of students and professors who are excited to learn and teach each other, who collaborate every day on projects that advance knowledge on topics ranging from…
I have truly found paradise or I hate this fracking place. Both are true all the time. This is the most stressful, most fun, and most challenging experience I have…
MIT is one of the best, if not THE best, engineering school in the country, but don't overlook other programs like business or economics, which are also great at MIT.…
mit is a school that takes 1000 of the best students of the world and combines them in a place that glows with creativity. this is easily the number one…
Definitely want to go here!
Read MoreLAN parties and geek culture.
Read MoreThe campus felt intense, but everyone seemed to be enjoying themselves.
Read MoreThe collaborative nature of the student body is fantastic, being the best resource for undergrads. Then there are office hours, which in many cases are one on one with the professor, and personal tutoring services available to help students manage MIT. Many classes are video-taped, and can be (re)viewed (hopefully) on ocw.mit.edu. OCW has been an invaluable resource that has the most exhaustive, public collection of all lectures for most MIT courses that you won't find anywhere else (note a distinction at MIT is Course refers to a specific department like EE or Physics, whereas course refers to classes within each Course, like Physics I or Single Variable Calculus). In addition, MIT has an exceptional gym (it's huge and new) and sits on the Charles River. So if you fancy swimming, lifting, basketball, fencing, sailing, crew, etc., MIT has it.
Read Morei hear good and bad all around, but i have yet to hear it straight up for people at MIT or from the students. i hear pockets of the truth in subtle form... but if you want to be there, you'll enjoy being there
Read More


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Contract killer Vinnie's back and has a lot of work to do in the action game sequel 'Sift Heads 5'. Use the mouse to navigate and to shoot your targets.
Welcome to Flonga Games!
All the games on our site are FREE to play and we launch new games every day.
You can play thousands of free online games including action, life, puzzle, skill and sports games. Also there are a lot of interesting tags you can browse like tower defense games, room escape games or cooking games.
Flonga Homepage | RSS: New Games | Follow Us On Twitter | Top of the page


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If you want to check if one class inherits another without actually having instances of those classes, you may have read my article on Checking Class Inheritance. However, as the many comments quickly pointed out, the methods of checking this may have some flaws. There were also additional methods posted in the comments that should be added and tested. Today I'm adding them, testing them, and checking all of their validity to find the ultimate approach to check class inheritance.
Archive for April, 2012
Above all others, there is one article I refer back to most: 2009's Function Performance. It was updated for Flash Player 10.1 and 10.2, but not 10.3, 11.0, 11.1, or 11.2. Today I'm updating this article for Flash Player 11.2, adding some missing function types, and including a set of graphs to make for the ultimate function performance reference.
While my three part series on draw calls in Stage3D
urged you to reduce them as low as possible, it didn't give you much in the way of techniques for avoiding them. Sure, it had some good ideas for combining 2D sprite draws into a single draw, but how about 3D? Today's article tackles the concept of "view frustum culling" to provide an automatic speedup to virtually any 3D app utilizing Stage3D
To draw with Flash Player 11's Stage3D
API, you must set up the state of various GPU resources before finally calling drawTriangles
. Inevitably, you'll end up calling drawTriangles
multiple times during a single frame to draw your characters, terrain, sky, and so forth. In between these calls you will change the GPU's state by calling Context3D
's set*
functions. This article will show you which of these functions can literally cut your app's performance in half.
When a recent comment asked about string concatenation performance, I realized that there are a lot of ways to build strings in AS3 and I hadn't tested any of them. Leaving aside the sillier ones like the XML class or joining Array
objects, we have two serious contenders: the lowly +
operator (i.e. str + str
) and the ByteArray
class. Which will triumph as the ultimate way to build strings quickly?


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more adorable puppies are on the way.
Charlie the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
Featured on 07/15/2009
108 comments - Post a comment
Charlie, short for Charlotte, loves to tackle her squeaky pig and hippo. She's not a fan of this Texas summer heat, but she loves to expl...more


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Matt Wagner's masterpiece celebrates its thirtieth anniversary with the first-ever comprehensive collection of the complete Grendel saga in the Grendel Omnibus Volume 1 Hunter Rose Graphic Novel! The first of 4 volumes presenting the entire series and following the chronology of the stories, this edition introduces millionaire Hunter Rose and his alter ego, the criminal mastermind Grendel!
Volume 1 reprints Grendel: Devil by the Deed; the short story collections Grendel: Black, White, & Red, and Grendel: Red, White, & Black, featuring a host of legendary guest artists; and the epic Grendel: Behold the Devil. 600 pages! Ages 18 and up.


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J. L. Bonn operated a grocery business during the late 1800's at the northeast corner of Adams and Decatur Streets. After Mr. Bonn retired, two of his family members continued in the grocery business. The 1910 Sandusky City Directory lists Jacob Bonn operating a grocery store at the original Bonn Grocery location, while J. Bonn had a grocery store at the southwest corner of Hancock and Monroe Streets in Sandusky.
The Bonn family originated in Bavaria. By 1870 the family had emigrated to the United States. The 1870 U.S. Census for Erie County, Ohio, listed the children of J. L and Caroline Bonn as: J.L. Jr., Eugene, Josephine, William, Jacob, and Helen Bonn. All the Bonn children had also been born in Bavaria. J.L. Bonn, Sr., died on April 21, 1899. He was buried at St. Mary's Cemetery in Sandusky. Mr. Bonn's obituary, which appeared in the April 22, 1899 issue of the Sandusky Star, stated that J. L. Bonn had been one of those who "laid the foundations of Sandusky's success."
Church music played a key role in the Bonn family. Son J. L. Bonn, Jr., known as Louis, was a professor of music in New York. Jacob Bonn, who died in 1944, was considered an authority on Gregorian chant. Eugene F. Bonn was a composer of liturgical music, and a professor of music at St. Andrew's and St. Bernard's seminaries in New York State. Professor Eugene Bonn received the Papal decoration "Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice" in 1930 in Rochester, New York. Helen Bonn Fox, the daughter of J. L. Bonn, Sr., taught music in Sandusky for 75 years, and she was the mother of the members of the well known local singing group the Fox Sisters.
While there is no longer a grocery store at the corner of Decatur and Adams Streets, in the photo below, an advertisement for Gold Medal Flour is still visible. The ad was painted on the building when Fred Schweinfurth operated a grocery store at the same location as the former Bonn Grocery.
Monday, January 25, 2010
3 comments:
- ron schneider said...
the location at the southwest corner of Hancock and Monroe Streets in the 50's became Toft's Ice Cream and before that Otto's Ice Cream
- Tuesday, January 26, 2010 at 3:43:00 AM EST
- Martha Quick said...
What is the word in script painted on the side of the building on Adams? It looks like "Eantually"
- Monday, March 11, 2013 at 7:14:00 PM EDT
An old advertising slogan for Gold Medal flour included the phrase: Eventually - why not now?
See this website for more details:
- Wednesday, March 13, 2013 at 8:29:00 AM EDT
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We all want to look like fashion divas without all the hassle and expense of regular saloon and spa trips. The sad truth is you can't, natural beauty is awesome but really, who is born with bright red lips, flawless skin, bright shiny eyes, luscious dark lashes and blushing cheeks? Add smoke, alcohol, fatigue, sleepless nights, stress, sickness and basically life and natural beauty fades into oblivion.
Check these gorgeous stars sans makeup…
What about us lesser (only in the beauty department) mortals?
Enter the world of makeup, and fashion, yes the two are inseparable. We can airbrush those blemishes, conceal those dark circles and tint our lips any shade we want. Then to top it off we can drape our selves with the most amazing fabrics, flattering silhouettes, and look like a million dollars. I love being a woman!
Here is a few common sense tips….
1.Exfoliate your lips, nothing breaks down a look more than flaky lips. Use your toothbrush to gently scrub away any dead cells. Do it after you brush your teeth in the morning everyday.
2.Ever so often slough off dead cells by scrubbing your face gently with a mixture of honey and baking soda. You will notice the difference within a week.
3.Office wear tends to be usually pastel colours and quite dull. Liven up with bright makeup and a dark shade of lipstick. Stay away from party eyeshadows during office hours but feel free to indulge at happy hour.
4.Complement a brightly coloured outfit with subtle makeup and lip-gloss. Go for the natural look, else you might end up looking like a bird of paradise, too colourful.
5.Smokey eyes looks best with a subtle shade of lipstick, dull beige is what we think rocks. It really makes the eyes pop without looking too much like Dracula's bride.
Stick to these simple tips and you will never make a makeup fashion faux pas again! If you have any more simple common sense tips to add to our list feel free to let us know. Lets share the love and knowledge.


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Certified Surgical Technology (apsrgt)
Associate in Applied Science Degree
This program has been replaced by Surgical Technology Associate in Applied Science Degree (APST). Students currently enrolled need to complete it by the end of the Spring/Summer 2017 semester.
If you have questions about this program please contact a program advisor or contact a general student advisor.
A certified surgical technologist (ST) serves the patient's interest primarily by providing assistance to the surgeon. The surgical technologist's primary task during an operative procedure is to anticipate the intraoperative needs of the surgeon and surgical patient. Students in this program must be well grounded in the basic sciences, especially anatomy, microbiology, and pathophysiology. The surgical technologist contributes to global patient care by serving as a team member who monitors the surgical environment along with the other team members.
In order for students to become a certified surgical technologist they must successfully complete a CAAHEP accredited program by Accreditation Review Council on Education in Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (ARC/STSA). WCC has modeled our program on accreditation standards and values CAAHEP accreditation.
Admissions Requirements
Student applications are reviewed on a regular basis. Upon acceptance of the application, the student will be placed on the Certified Surgical Technology program waitlist. Students are encouraged to complete required general education courses and other non-SUR courses while on the waitlist until they are notified of their program start date. Minimally, students are required to complete semester one courses before proceeding into the formal Certified Surgical Technology program, which begins with their second course semester.
Program Initiation:
Each year approximately 24 students move from the waitlist into the formal program initiation. Students are taken from the waitlist in numerical order in which they were admitted, with priority given to Washtenaw County residents. Please review the "Admission and Waitlist Process for High Demand Programs" document that is posted on the following website:www4.wccnet.edu/studentservices/studentconnection/admissions/. This document explains WCC's waitlist process and priority level.
Applying for Admission to the Program
A formal application to the program is required. Application packets may be downloaded from the WCC Web site: www4.wccnet.edu/departments/health/ Completed and signed applications must be delivered to the Health Admissions Technician at the Student Connection, located on the second floor of the Student Center Building. An application to the Certified Surgical Technology program will not be accepted until all admission requirements are completed.
Requirements for application are:
- Academic Math Level of 3 or MTH 167
- HSC 101 with a minimum grade of "B-" (2.7 on a 4.0 scale)
- BIO 111 with a minimum grade of "B-" (2.7 on a 4.0 scale)
- Minimum cumulative college GPA of 2.7. Only transcripts that provide an admission requirement course will be used in calculation of the cumulative GPA. If a transcript is submitted for an admission requirement course, the cumulative transcript GPA will be used in a weighted calculation of the cumulative GPA requirement.
- Criminal background check (review application for details)
- Demonstrate proficiency in the English language
- Declaration of residency status (note that Washtenaw County residents are given priority in program initiation).
Admission to the Certified Surgical Technology program is contingent upon students declaring that they have specific physical and cognitive abilities. These requirements are detailed in the Certified Surgical Technology program admission packet. WCC reserves the right to request that students successfully demonstrate the specific cognitive and physical abilities related to the Certified Surgical Technology program.
Continuing Eligibility
- Program courses are sequential and complemented with appropriate support courses. All courses must be completed with a grade of "C" or better for academic support courses.
- Minimum "C+" or better for all SUR courses
- Students may be required to have additional criminal background checks and/or fingerprinting prior to the start of a clinical sequence as requested by specific clinical facilities. Failure to receive an acceptable criminal background/fingerprinting check at any time, will result in dismissal from the program.
- Completed health history form (physical examination)
- Negative TB skin test
- Current Health Insurance
- Current BLS/CPR certification
Contact Information
- Division
- Math, Science & Health
- Department
- Allied Health Department
- Advisors
- Susan Travis
(Items marked in orange are available online.)Major/Area Requirements
Class | Title | Credits | |
BIO 111 | Anatomy and Physiology - Normal Structure and Function * | 5 | |
HSC 101 | Healthcare Terminology * | 1 | |
Total | 6 |
First Semester
Class | Title | Credits | |
BIO 147 | Hospital Microbiology | 1 | |
MTH 167 | Math Applications for Health Science | 3 | |
Elective(s) | Speech | 3 | |
Elective(s) | Writing | 3 - 4 | |
Elective credit to reach 60 hours | 3 | ||
Total | 13 - 14 |
Second Semester
Class | Title | Credits | |
SUR 110 | Introduction to Surgical Technology/Surgical Patient | 3 | |
SUR 130 | Surgical Asepsis/Surgical Instruments | 3 | |
SUR 170 | Surgical Pharmacology | 2 | |
Elective(s) | Computer and Information Literacy | 3 | |
Elective credit to reach 60 hours | 3 | ||
Total | 14 |
Third Semester
Class | Title | Credits | |
SUR 180 | Surgical Procedures I | 3 | |
SUR 181 | Surgical Procedures I Clinical | 2 | |
SUR 210 | Surgical Procedures II | 3 | |
SUR 211 | Surgical Procedures II Clinical | 2 | |
Elective(s) | Social and Behavioral Science | 3 | |
Elective credit to reach 60 hours | 1 - 3 | ||
Total | 14 - 16 |
Fourth Semester
Class | Title | Credits | |
PHL 244 | Ethical and Legal Issues in Health Care | 3 | |
SUR 230 | Surgical Procedures III | 3 | |
SUR 231 | Surgical Procedures III Clinical | 2 | |
SUR 250 | Surgical Technology Seminar | 3 | |
SUR 270 | Surgical Safety, Hazards and Biomedical Science | 2 | |
Total | 13 |
- Total Credits Required
- 60 - 63
*See Program Admission Requirements section.
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—F. Robertson


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Artistic Licence (Booth 3138) is showing the newly released Visual-Patch, Jump-Start programmer, and the new range of DIN rail mounting products at ETS-LDI. Visual Patch combines the power of the new RDM protocol, a lighting console, and a video camera. Point the camera at the stage and press the Visual-Patch button: the lighting console uses the RDM to switch on each lamp in turn. Then it analyzes the position, shape, and size of the lamp using the video camera, adds it to the patch and ...
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This content is free to access as a registered user on livedesignonline.com
Why register for livedesignonline.com? It's simple and free, and here is what you get:
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Additional Information
What is CHOP? | Since its start in 1855 as the nation's first hospital devoted exclusively to caring for children, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia has been the birthplace for many dramatic firsts in pediatric medicine. The Hospital has fostered medical discoveries and innovations that have improved pediatric healthcare and saved countless children's lives. Over 150 years of innovation and service to our patients, their families and our community, reflect an ongoing commitment to exceptional patient care. |


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SBA - Choose Public SBA System
Effective Friday, January 23rd, 2009, the website you were looking for has been moved.
Where were you trying to go?
System | New Home Page |
DSBS, the Dynamic Small Business Search | http://web.sba.gov/pro-net/search/dsp_dsbs.cfm |
PRO-Net, the SBA Supplemental Pages for CCR | http://web.sba.gov/pro-net/docrootpages/index.html |
TECH-Net, public search engine for SBIR / STTR awards | http://web.sba.gov/tech-net/docrootpages/index.cfm |
For all other systems, which require logging in: |
GLS, the SBA's General Login System | https://eweb.sba.gov/gls/dsp_login.cfm |


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British Columbia Canada Vancouver
Paloma Blanca
When I first read that this adorable Vancouver duo served mini doughnuts at their reception, I instantly considered them to be good, good friends. Sure, I may not actually know them, but I have a feeling we would get along wonderfully. So wonderfully, in fact, that I am just a tad bit disappointed I couldn't attend their breathtaking Vancouver wedding captured perfectly by Shari + Mike Photographers. A wedding that not only featured the aforementioned yummy treats, but the fab stylings of Epic Events and gorgeous bouquets from The Flower Factory. Join me in the gallery for all of the pretty.
From Shari + Mike Photographers… This wedding was so much fun! Karly and Chris were fantastic to work with and have since become great friends to us. Their wedding was a perfect reflection of them, warm, simple and a lot of fun. Part of the "details" that really made their wedding unique wasn't only in the decor but in the way they executed everything. They decided on a long table "family style" dinner which was perfect as their whole reception felt like a big family celebration. Instead of a traditional cake they opted for mini donuts from a local gourmet shop and went with live band as opposed to using a DJ. Briar from Epic Events did such an awesome job designing and running this wedding and it all made for one awesome day!
From the Bride… Our vision for our wedding day was to get all our favorite people together and celebrate love. In this celebration we wanted our day to feel fresh, comfortable and pretty. Thankfully I had Briar from Epic Events to help pull our vision together. She was brilliant in matching the decor with our vision and more importantly our personalities. Throughout the planning process we were blessed with vendors that not only had incredible talent, but really 'got' us and very easily translated our vision into an amazing wedding. Trust us when we say that spending the day with Shari + Mike Photographers was awesome! They do such a great job at making you laugh, feel comfortable, and enjoy your day! Above all the highlight of our wedding day for us for was the band, SideOne. For Chris and I, live music has always played a part in our relationship. SideOne played our first dance song, Lovers Spit by Broken Social Scene, which was the one of the songs on the very first mixed CD Chris made me when we first met. SideOne nailed the song, playing a rare version which made our first dance so memorable. Our entire day was truly amazing and Shari + Mike Documented it perfectly!
Wedding Photography: Shari + Mike Photographers / Ceremony: Canadian Memorial Church in Vancouver, British Columbia / Reception: Heritage Hall in Vancouver, British Columbia / Wedding Design + Planning: Epic Events / Floral Design: The Flower Factory / Catering: Savoury Chef Foods / Donuts: Cartems Donuterie / Wedding Stationery: Salt by Sarah Eya / Band: SideOne / Rentals: Lonsdale Event Rentals + Greenscape Decor + Design / Transportation: Excel Limousine / Wedding Dress: Paloma Blanca / Hair + Makeup: Mink Makeup & Hair / Groom's Getting Ready Location: Fairmont Pacific Rim
SMP Canada, this week o'lovely is coming to you thanks to the oh so gorgeous Cook Islands. A place where I am most certainly spending my day dreaming about, and has officially been added to my "must travel there ASAP" list. A place that in a cold, Canadian weekend seems like the perfect place to plan a little getaway even if it's just a stop by their site…happy day dreaming!


text: Home - Degrees & Courses - Degree and Certificate Programs Educate the head, the hand & the heart. Lewis and Clark Community College offers a number of associate degree and certificate options for students in competitive fields. Whether you want to start working right away, or plan to transfer to a four year institution after your time here, Lewis and Clark is a great place to start. Look through our growing list of programs below, and register today! Degree and Certificate ProgramsAccountingApprenticeship TrainingArchitectural TechnologyArtAssociate in ArtsAssociate in Engineering ScienceAssociate in ScienceAutomotive TechnologyBiological Lab TechnicianChild DevelopmentComputer GraphicsComputer Network Security and AdministrationCriminal JusticeDental AssistingDental HygieneDrafting/CAD TechnologyEducationEmergency Medical TechnicianEnvironmental TechnologyExercise ScienceFire ScienceHealth Information and Medical CodingHonors CollegeIndustrial TechnologyMachiningManagementMedical AssistingMusicNew Media TechnologiesNurse AssistantNursing (ADN)Occupational Therapy AssistantOffice Technology - Administrative AssistantParalegalParamedicineProcess Operations TechnologyRadio BroadcastingRestoration EcologySmart Grid TechnologyTruck Driver TrainingWater Quality/Wastewater TechnologyWeb DesignWelding Technology


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'Lucky' is both a heartfelt tribute and an expansion on Merle Haggard's artistic legacy. It's wise, warm, and wonderful. Go ahead – get 'Lucky'! Read More »
Home / Tag Archives: outlaw country
Music DVD Review: Willie Nelson: The Willie Nelson Special: With Special Guest Ray Charles
The Red Headed Stranger invites the Genius for a thoroughly enjoyable one-hour performance. Read More »


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VAN WERT, Ohio - Four Paulding County men have been charged with stealing property from victims of the November tornadoes that tore through northwest Ohio.
Sheriff Stan Owens said yesterday indictments had been returned by the Van Wert County grand jury against Nathan S. Brown, 18, of Oakwood, Ohio; Larry W. Mullins, Jr., 19, of Paulding, and Scott Chlebek, 20, of Oakwood. Each is charged with two counts of theft, a fourth-degree felony.
In addition, William E. Finch, 18, of Paulding was charged with two counts of theft in Van Wert County Juvenile Court. Mr. Finch was 17 when the alleged thefts occurred.
The charges carry a maximum penalty of 18 months in prison and a $5,000 fine.
According to the sheriff's office, the four men stole an all-terrain vehicle from property on State Rt. 637 and an engine and other auto parts from a resident of Doner Road. Both homes, near the Paulding County village of Grover Hill, suffered extensive damage in the tornado Nov. 10 that ripped across Van Wert County.
Carl Font reported the theft of the 2000 Arctic Cat four-wheeler on Nov. 29. Tyson Boroff notified authorities Dec. 25 the auto parts were missing, including a Chevrolet V-8 engine and three transmissions.
Detective Jim Hyitt of the Van Wert County sheriff's office said authorities suspect the group of committing similar thefts in Paulding County, which also suffered tornado damage.
He said authorities there helped lead Van Wert County deputies to the four suspects.
"All they were doing was traveling to the tornado sites, following the path, and they just saw something they wanted and stole it, and in Paulding they did the same thing there," Detective Hyitt said. "You've got to feel bad for these people who lost about everything they ever had, and here somebody's stealing what they have left."
Detective Hyitt said the two thefts were the only looting incidents reported in Van Wert County after the storm struck.
The Paulding County sheriff's deputy leading the investigation there wouldn't discuss the case.


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The tutors at Sylvan Learning Centers in Santa Fe deliver the individualized learning experience your child needs to succeed in the classroom and beyond. Like all Sylvan Learning Centers nationwide, we deliver a supportive, engaging and rewarding learning environment in order to encourage lasting academic success.
The Sylvan Skills Assessment® accurately identifies your child's personal strengths and academic needs so that our tutors can address their needs effectively. Take advantage of our limited-time offer: get started for $95*, so contact us today!


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Results 25 to 36 of 36
Thread: Buffalo Trip
Re: Buffalo Trip
I believe the last time Buffalo was at M&T, I remember crossing over the tracks to get back to Lot J, when a male Bills fan started with me (I said nothing to him or anyone at that point) and tried to pick a fight with me. He was quite hammered and I was quite sober, so I figured if he got too close, I could take him (he could have only been around 5' 7" and a punch in the nuts would have rendered him down for the count). I said a few choice words then continued to the lot. So, I also have only had negative experiences with Bills fans.
09-27-2013, 04:13 PM #26Veteran Russell Street Raven
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Re: Buffalo Trip
There no explaining differences in experiences. We went to the same game, spending perhaps 8 or 9 hours in Orchard Park pre-game through post-game tailgating, including upper deck seating. Never encountered or saw any hostility from Bills fans. Frankly, outside of the warmth of the fans of teams from the Deep South, I'd rank Bills fans as the most hospitable of all the stadiums we've visited (26 if I counted correctly).
In a 2003 BBC poll that asked Brits to name the "Greatest American Ever", Mr. T came in fourth, behind ML King (3rd), Abe Lincoln (2nd) and Homer Simpson (1st).
Re: Buffalo Trip
Hmmm dunno. It'll be me and the wife. I'm not a small guy just short. Actually same ht and wt as ray rice lol. I can take whatever ribbing but if anyone says anything to my wife or gets to threatening and I'll be going to jail. Any of you other Ravens fans going to be there and want my number PM me. I'll back you up right or wrong.
Btw. What are you guys plans for parking? For those that have been is there anything within walking distance that isn't the stadium lots? Not my idea of a good time of leaving my vehicle with Maryland tags in there. I've seen what we do to out of state tags in our lots lol.Last edited by JustaslowZ06; 09-27-2013 at 09:02 PM.
Re: Buffalo Trip
Yeah, it was the McGahee return to Buffalo. Saw quite a few of his jerseys lit on fire in the parking lot before the game. I remember there was a WSJ article about the violence at the Cowboys @ BUF Monday Night game just a week or 2 before our game up there. There were an absurd amount of arrests. I googled it but could not find a link. I remember being surprised because I never had a second thought about them being that way up there, you always here about PHI/OAK.
Re: Buffalo Trip
For the people that went was that not the WORST stadium you've ever been to? What a joke nada dump. I was in section 122. The bathrooms didn't work for like that half of the stadium and the concessions on that side had to get shut down also..AND shutting off beer at halftime? Wow worst experience I've ever had. Oh and of course no smoking.
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Re: Buffalo Trip
how were the fans? I would think they wouldn't be too hostile since they lead the whole game
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Re: Buffalo Trip
They weren't bad. No batteries or anything. The usual ribbing and cat calls. I just replied and asked when's the last time they even had a winning season let alone saw the playoffs. That pretty much silenced anyone. Or how they could let this many fans travel from 7 hours away and take over their stadium. We had ALOT there. Lol
Re: Buffalo Trip
My wife and I were not heckled too badly. The guy behind us kept referring to the murderer; of course they have # 32 on their ROH. And at the walk back to the car a guy ripped on us. When I asked how many trophies they had he said that was last year. When I asked when they last went to the playoffs, he could not remember. I told him check back on week 16 to be relevant.
And the stadium was a reminder of Memorial Stadium. The jumbo board on one end was not was not helpful. Not inclined to return.
And it did feel like the Jacksonville Monday Night game.Captain Offense
Re: Buffalo Trip
Don't be so harsh to Memorial Stadium! That stadium was pathetic lol. At least I got Ray Rice glove lol. He handed it to the wife after warm ups. Got Webbies autograph and Bynes when they came back through the tunnel after warm ups. Tucker almost handed us a ball he was kicking with but the stadium guys snatched it before he could hand it to her. Suggs slapped her hand so hard when they came out of the tunnel she said it still hurt after the game.


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(b) A person who is subject to personal jurisdiction in this state on a basis other than physical presence is not immune from service of process in this state. A party present in this state who is subject to the jurisdiction of another state is not immune from service of process allowable under the laws of that state.
(c) The immunity granted by subsection (a) of this section does not extend to civil litigation based on acts unrelated to the participation in a proceeding under this chapter committed by an individual while present in this state.
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Some communities in the Southern Tier are looking at breaking away from the statewide association that represents them, expressing frustration, in part, with the group's position on a municipalities' ability to ban shale-gas drilling.
From the Press & Sun-Bulletin's Steve Reilly:
Partly due to a rift over natural gas drilling, several Southern Tier municipal leaders are in discussions about breaking away from the Association of Towns of the State of New York and forming a new group to represent upstate municipalities in Albany.
Town of Windsor Supervisor Carolyn Price said a contingent of area officials who are frustrated with the association's leadership on a variety of issues — including oil and natural gas — are planning to convene for a preliminary meeting later this month.
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At several Airports ILS is working wrong, p.ex. I want to use ILS Rwy 27 approaching Phuket Airport, the ILS will bring me down about 50 or 60 meters besides the Rwy. That is boaring.
Can I change anywhere settings so that ILS brings me down exactly on the Rundway? I created my onw airport with ILS, there it is working fine.
ILS in FSX
Started by
, Nov 26 2008 12:32 AM
6 replies to this topic
Posted 26 November 2008 - 12:32 AM
Posted 26 November 2008 - 11:47 PM
Posted 26 November 2008 - 11:59 PM
Ah yes, the ole offset gets another! You have to brief your charts prior to landing
Posted 27 November 2008 - 01:30 PM
BMan cool, I tried looking for that chart, found a .pdf but couldn't get it to load.. do you have the full chart available?
Posted 27 November 2008 - 05:43 PM
I do but not a my current location. I use smicharts 4.0 which contains all of the charts globally.
Posted 28 November 2008 - 09:30 PM
Can u make your own airport with what program?
Posted 28 November 2008 - 11:01 PM
Monkey Pilot - what program? SimCharts? If that's what you are referring to, no, that just a chart utility that gives all of the IAP, Airports, SID and STARs for the airports in FSX.


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This Saturday, December 19th @10 am, the disc golf course will be dug up and reconfigured to make it more funner. If you want to help, show up at the park. The new layout will begin with hole #1 teeing off next to the horseshoe pits. There will still be only 9 baskets, but we are planning to have it play forwards and backwards to make 18 unique holes. Teepads will still be natural, with no immediate plans for improvement.We hope to be finished by the end of the weekend, the more help, the more better.
new layout for timber linn
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The work party happened and went very well. We got most of the baskets where there going to be and all of the tee signs are moved (so the info on the signs are wrong now except for the hole number). There are 18 tee pads for 9 baskets. 10 through 18 plays the first nine backwards.
10 plays back to 8's basket and 18 finishes on basket one!.
No map yet but Dave has GPS points for the front nine. Hopefully it will be done soon.
Thanks for the interest. It's all ready to throw so come on out! Kirk just set the new course record at -4. It can go a lot lower.
We moved 5's basket and put in the permanent #6 so the back are (5, 6 &7) play the way we originally designed them. The only basket left to move is #1 and we'll be finished with the changes. Once we're done with that we'll Dave back out with his handy dandy GPS and we'll get a map of the new layout posted.
It's easy to find your way around without a map though if you just look around. 1-9 have tee signs and 10-18 are stakes in the ground with pink ribbon to make them easier to see.
Good luck! Hope to see you all out there throwing soon!
Originally posted by murray the brit View Postthank mate do thay have tee pads i dont mind getting muddy
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just4fn wrote:My Ooma taxes are 3.47 month = 41.64 a year. How does Magic Jack only charge 19.95 a year? Do they pay the remaining taxes themselves? Taxes have to be paid don't they? Who pays the other 20.00 bucks a year?
just4fn wrote:They say the cpu has to be on all the time for magic jack to work- eating up power bills. Well, the ooma router has to be on all the time also.
just4fn wrote:P.S. I have waisted a lot of gas and time looking for the new coffee/Ooma combo. Nobody has heard of this before. I said I saw in on the forum so it must be true.
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Epson Powerlite S5 Portable LCD Projector Review
Epson PowerLite S5 Specs | |
Price | 599 |
Technology | 3LCD |
Native Resolution | SVGA (800x600) |
Brightness (Manufacturer Claim) | 2000 |
Contrast | 400:1 |
Zoom Lens Ratio | N/A |
Lens Shift | No |
Lamp Life | 3000 |
Weight | 5.7 lbs. |
Warranty | 2 years Parts and Labor, with overnight replacement program, both years |
View Full Specifications Here >> |
Incredibly affordable, incredibly bright, and well featured, the Powerlite S5, Epson's least expensive projector, is all about value and performance (and a great warranty). Quite honestly, it was a slam dunk for receiving our Hot Product Award, and may well be the best projector value in the low end of the market.
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Ahh, it must be another year, for here we go again, with another review of Epson's entry level S series. This year we are up to th Powerlite S5 version. Previous models included the S1, S1+, S3, and S4. In each case Epson has produced a solid performing portable, SVGA projector.
The Epson S5 is no exception. Although it looks the same as the Epson S4, it is about a pound lighter than the last generation. Most notably, it is significantly brighter.
Once more, Epson has produced an affordable projector that actually, dramatically exceeds its brightness specifications. This, in a world, where most projectors tested, typically come up short of their claims when tested.
Epson has introduced a new smaller remote control for the Powerlite S5. If you like compact, you may like this remote, but personally, I think this time Epson replaced a very nice remote, with one not quite as user friendly, but more on that later. Picture quality, is excellent, and I will go over that in-depth a little later.
With almost all computers except many in schools (K-12), having XGA resolution or higher, the Epson S5's SVGA resolution is going to be a little lower than your source. The Epson S5 will compress data to handle it, but, of course, smaller type and objects will suffer from the compression. This will be discussed more in the Image Quality section. The point I want to make, though, is that, the S5 is entry level. As such most potential buyers out there should be looking to spend a bit more on a higher resolution projector, with XGA resolution, or perhaps a widescreen projector if you are using widescreen laptops, etc.
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- 3 years ago by Alexis Rhiannon
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Jodie Foster apparently just married her girlfriend of about a year, and I'm gonna need everyone to hold on here for just a hot second! Does no one else remember Jodie's speech at last year's Golden Globes? BECAUSE I DO AND I'VE BEEN LIED TO. More


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View Poll Results: Hidan no Aria - Episode 10 Rating | |||
Perfect 10 | 9 | 19.15% | |
9 out of 10 : Excellent | 15 | 31.91% | |
8 out of 10 : Very Good | 13 | 27.66% | |
7 out of 10 : Good | 1 | 2.13% | |
6 out of 10 : Average | 8 | 17.02% | |
5 out of 10 : Below Average | 1 | 2.13% | |
4 out of 10 : Poor | 0 | 0% | |
3 out of 10 : Bad | 0 | 0% | |
2 out of 10 : Very Bad | 0 | 0% | |
1 out of 10 : Painful | 0 | 0% | |
Voters: 47. You may not vote on this poll |
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2011-06-17, 05:47 | Link #22 | ||
Ashigara's master
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: A disclosed area off coast Ryuku Islands
Age: 25
I don't think she looked old, but rather looked more of a mature adult. But hey, she's hot and sexy with dat mini-skirt~ |
2011-06-17, 08:22 | Link #25 | ||
仁王 - Benevolent King
Join Date: Nov 2006
Location: Sengoku
Age: 28
Well that's disappointing; this is JC Staff we're talking about- I fully expected to see the toradora/Railgun/Shana girls as cameo appearances !
2011-06-17, 17:17 | Link #27 |
Okuyasu the Bird
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: Alberta, Canada
Age: 25
Gah! I ended up succumbing to Aria's cuteness in the maid outfit scene cause I was smiling like a doofus most of time. I dunno what they did different exactly but I no longer saw an annoying tsundere girl then. I guess I have my moments of weakness too.
And for anime-only viewers who might have not figured it out for themselves yet, the wolf that attacked them is indeed the wolf that Shirayuki foretold about. From this episode with Kinji's conversation with Jeanne you should also be able to deduce who the "demon" is as well.
Last edited by CrowKenobi; 2011-06-20 at 12:52. Reason: Light novel spoilers don't belong in the ANIME thread! |
2011-06-17, 18:06 | Link #28 |
Tsukiyomi -Moon Phase-
Jeanne's drawing was amazing Shirayuki mentioned Kinji will meet a wolf which we now know is Reki's new pet and the demon is Vlad, now the next one is a ghost. I want to see more of Jeanne and Reki. I don't mind Aria and Riko though.
2011-06-17, 18:44 | Link #29 |
仁王 - Benevolent King
Join Date: Nov 2006
Location: Sengoku
Age: 28
I know everybody's all high over Riko and Jeanne; but I would like to add how hilarious/adorable Aria was in this episode, especially the start where Riko broke her going "master...master...master...master..." and how Kinji accidentally let the slip that despite an entire room full of girls, he was immediately turned on by Aria alone Oh yeah, the preview at the end with Aria 'misunderstanding' Muto's relationship with Kinji- apparently guys can touch her slave
Toyama Kinji = Sam Fisher ??!? Why not? Jeanne's old school maiden's virtue
2011-06-17, 19:02 | Link #30 |
Member of DOLLARS
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location: In the magical land of Moonswell pass
Age: 21
I'm pretty sure not being turned on by Riko is a crime against men and humanity everywhere, she's like a sexy kitten, Kinji has some explaining to do, but it might just be one of those things where he has seen it so much he isn't effected....nope that's not possible either
Ma-ma-ma-ma I always love it when people's minds are broken in anime, so hilarious!!! I was hoping for a bit more action this episode but seeing Reki, Jeanne, Riko and Aria all in one episode forgives all...apart from Kinji's blatant sin
2011-06-17, 19:17 | Link #31 |
One-Eyed Dragon
Join Date: Sep 2010
Location: NJ, USA
So from Shirayuki's prediction Kinji met the wolf, which was tamed by and awesome Reki. The demon is Vlad who he will probably face with Aria ad Riko. I still think the ghost is it brother.
So Riko actually has a nice side to her and didn't do it to harm them but just wanted her freedom. Lol at the infirmary scene. Jeane is back as well, with glasses this time! Lol at her drawing skills.
Last edited by ars89; 2011-06-17 at 19:44. |
2011-06-17, 20:27 | Link #32 | |
Ashigara's master
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: A disclosed area off coast Ryuku Islands
Age: 25
Wolf: Rouge wolf on the loose, later turns out to be Reki's pet hunting wolf. (Was that a Siberian wolf or what? ) Demon: Possibly Vlad (the menacing devil). Ghost: Kinji's brother. Still... I can't laugh on her "cute" drawing. But... *PPPfffffffff...* *No! I must resist- PPPffffffff...* @Cub-sama Did Kinji committed any sin? PS: Was it me or was I noticed Jeanne's facial skin color was more beige than white due to J.C. Staff handicapped woodwork, like they did to Index II? |
2011-06-17, 20:49 | Link #34 |
Okuyasu the Bird
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: Alberta, Canada
Age: 25
I think he's joking about Kinji not being attracted to Riko.
I can't deny that she's attractive, but I wouldn't say it's that big of a deal to not go nuts over something like that.
Last edited by SilverSyko; 2011-06-17 at 21:00. |
2011-06-18, 00:28 | Link #36 |
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2006
Jeanne looks a lot different in school uniform.
I lol'd when she pulls out glasses though. Kenji turning out to be a lolicon was amusing too. Not sure about the whole wolf part, just happy to see more of sniper girl. The teacher seems to be pretty strong, he sensed the wolf at the same time or before Reki did as well. Also, going to assume Vlad is another girl to add to the cast. Also, it seems everyone in the world framed Aria's mother...
Last edited by HandofFate; 2011-06-18 at 00:42. |
2011-06-18, 03:10 | Link #40 | |
Ashigara's master
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: A disclosed area off coast Ryuku Islands
Age: 25
Because I just wanna know if this Vlad is really correlated to the Vlad the Impaler (a.k.a. Dracula) in real-life historical myth. Since I remembered someone gave me a hint about "the devil" in the thread of previous episode said that "the devil" turns out to be a vampire. |
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Pomegranates (Dari)
Afghanistan is a country where most of the population works in the agricultural sector. In Afghanistan, incomes are also mainly generated from the trade of agricultural products. Pomegranate, and more particularly Kandahar pomegranate, is one of Afghanistan's world famous agricultural products. More than thousands of pomegranate orchards are located in Kandahar province.
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We're delighted to announce the signing of Julia Duin. Julia is an associate professor of journalism at Union University and an award-winning reporter for the Washington Times.
A rising number of faithful people are leaving the organized church environment–many of them choosing instead to sit home on Sunday morning rather than take part in the available communities. In her book, Quitting Church, Julia draws on extensive experience as a reporter to faithfully research and ask important questions about the factors contributing to this phenomenon. Duin's careful analysis will provide valuable insight for church leaders and churchgoers alike as she asks provocative questions about the changing nature of spiritual community in our culture.
Quitting Church–originally published in 2008, and updated with new material for this forthcoming edition–has been praised as a timely, important piece of sound journalism that will encourage any believer who has ever despaired about the church, been tempted to quit, or felt guilty over leaving.