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The late actor Robin Williams was best known for his antic wit. But in his film roles Williams showed an interest in portraying a wide range of emotions in stories full of heart and tenderness.
David Garland presents music reflecting those qualities, composed for films that starred Williams, including Michael Kamen's "What Dreams May Come," Maurice Jarre's "Dead Poets' Society," John Williams' "Hook," George Fenton's "The Fisher King," and others.
Comments [1]
Is it necessary for the Met/Gelb to mount multi-million dollar productions in this day of tight funds? Why not scale back some of the productions planned for the future, and desist from "fixing" the "shortage of available funds" at
that august opera company. Although the opera streamingI has provided much needed funds for the met, I can't believe that they haven't relieved the financial stress of that company; and find it difficult believe that P. Gelb's claim that the company is drained by the unions. Look again, Mr. Gelb; the musicians are not your enemy. Time to change streams Mr. Gelb; or remove yours.......
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Mom to Mom
When my husband and I first got married, we ran out and purchased this gorgeous yet ill-advised dining room set, complete with white fabric-topped chairs. Everyone in our lives wasted no time letting us know just how very, very stupid this purchase was, for a number of reasons, one of which was "you're probably going to have kids one day, and these chairs are undoubtedly going to get destroyed." Being very young and very stupid - stupid enough to purchase white dining room chairs, clearly - we scoffed, and said something like "Oh, we'll just tell our kids not to go on the chairs."
Allow that to sink in for a moment, if you will: "We'll just tell our kids not to go on the chairs."
When I actually had my first kid a few years later, I had a similar attitude regarding feeding him: "Oh, we'll just only give him healthy things, and he won't even WANT to have candy! No sugar until he's ten, even!"
Fast forward a whole bunch of years, and I can tell you that I presently have dining room chairs that look as though they were rejected by a hobo camp, and not one but two kids who have totally eaten more than their fair share of candy. (And whose collective age doesn't even add up to ten.)
With the years come experience, is what I'm saying, and I am at a point now where I can look back and laugh -- hard -- at my ridiculous naiveté when it came to my kids/parenting. I have not given up entirely, though. No, far from it. What I've learned instead is how and when to pick my battles.
One of the battles I've chosen to "fight" is getting my kids to eat (fairly) healthfully. I have a full-time job, and so the time I get with my kids (especially during the week) is limited. I have worked pretty hard to ensure that this time isn't spent squaring off over platypus-shaped marshmallows, but at the same time, isn't a bleak existence of brown rice syrup-flavored gruel. (Does that even exist? Probably.) I do what I can to make eating well (again for the most part) a natural part of their lives, rather than me making a big deal of how healthfully they're eating.
Over the next few weeks I'm going to be writing here about some strategies I've found and implemented (after COPIOUS trial and error) to make doing this with my kids something that's effective, not too stressful (for any of us!), and - dare I say? - fun, all around.
(Even if we do sometimes still eat taffy. On those white dining room chairs, naturally.)
What about you? What are the battles that you've chosen, as a parent?
My kids stick to their daily routines. especially in the evenings. That is the only time we are all home together. We heat a good meal at the table, clean up and then do chores. Followed by bathtime, story time, a little television or playtime and then bed. I feel its important for them to get loads of sleep so they are well rested for the following day.
Well my son is the pickiest eater...and I started him out with all organic healthy foods....due to him being a little low in weight and still super picky....he basically eats fish sticks and strip poppers with an occassional side of corn or baked beans :(. I am soo upset by his eating habits yet too afraid to make him skip a meal if he refuses to eat what I offer.
I am trying to encourage my youngest son to eat somewhat healthy. I'm not trying to make it into a battle though. He eats whole grain breads, but for some reason KFC and McDonald's chicken nuggets (when he gets them) are so much better than mom's oven baked chicken (don't ask me why!). LOL So I have learned some give and take there.

subset: commoncrawl


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Here are the details on how we spent the money:
- 18 steel bars x $24.2 = $435.60
- 2 cement bags x$11.1 = $22.20
- Mason's salary = $201.50
Total = $659.30 + bank fees 2% = $672.49
We managed to raise additional funds in Europe to pay for additional materials as well as the welder's salary and to buy metal trunks (thanks to our current vet Carole who personally donated the money for these). These are used to safely store all the medicines and veterinarian equipment. This is really important since in the bush there are many insects (termites and other nasty ones) and mice which can damage precious veterinary supplies.
- the vet-room
Our vet-room is a real "bush" vet-room and we hope to be able to improve it again in the future!
A huge thank you to all our supporters and a special one for Carole who did an amazing job!


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Who knew Halle Berry and Gwen Stefani's kids go to the same school? Maybe Nahla and Zuma are even classmates! Halle and Gwen were each seen doing the school run to the same school. LA really does seem like a big small town sometimes.
Halle covered up her baby bump in a chic wrap. Love it! Gwen was casual with trousers and a top. I wonder if they ever chat inside the school?
Photos by Rocstar/FAMEFLYNET


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This is an activity about boundaries. Participants will imagine they have taken a journey from Earth through the Solar System out into the Milky Way Galaxy. Using images on the front of the My Place in Space lithograph, they will write or draw on... (View More) the back of the lithograph to tell their friends about their journey and the real and imaginary boundaries they crossed on their journey. The activity includes connections to science related to the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or IBEX, spacecraft. This activity complements other IBEX informal education materials. An instructional video explaining how to facilitate this activity is available: http://bit.ly/14IoHVN. (View Less)


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Two high-school juniors were talking during intermission of a concert. "Hey, Mavis is pretty good at Debussy," one remarked. "Aw, she doesn't have much 'go' about her," replied the other. "You know what?" he continued. "Her mother pays her a dollar an hour for practicing." "You're kidding!" "No, I'm not. Mavis practiced eight hours a day all summer just so she could get all that money." "That's a heck of a reason to practice! No wonder she doesn't have any 'go.' She doesn't play for the fun of it. Heck. When I practice, I get so lost in it my folks holler for me to stop so they can rest." "Yeah! I know what you mean, I fool around a lot, too."
Oh lord, where to begin? My kingdom for a comic artist who can render all the subtle subtexts of this "exchange." Why am I imaging them smoking clove cigarettes and clutching copies of "Howl"?


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Thank you kkcc. I was wondering how the dx90 stacks up with those two. I hope the 64bit drivers get release before the 15th which supposedly the drivers will get released around.
has anyone in here compared the dx90 to the ak240 yet?
I have paired the Dx90 with the Q701.
Hmm you cant say its well driven since the mid seems a bit recessed. But the high are not harsh and bass is there.
I'll do a more serious comparison when my Vali comes. Seems most of the users here satisfied the pairing of Vali and Q/K701.
Can't wait to compare my incoming DX90 to my ZX1. So far have only seen/read two people compare the two. I much preferred the ZX1 to the DX50 so should be interesting :P


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Friday, April 15, 2011
Slash and Sew Random Quilt Back
I started out with four colors pieced the width of fabric.
I sliced it into two pieces, rotated one piece, and placed another strip in between. I continue to even out the edges of the quilt as I go.
I did this same step, again adding another strip in between.
I added one more vertical strip then started the process horizontally. I cut the quilt into about 5 pieces horizontally and flipped them around before sewing everything back together.
I continue cutting, rotating and adding new pieced strips until I'm happy with the result. It's a simple way to get a fun, random quilt back without too much thinking or work. It's also a great way to use up all those scraps because you can piece you strips any width, you can use the smaller scraps as well.
21 comments:
I love this for exploring so many designs. HELP NEEDED! I got lost with the second cut, "I did it again." I can't visualize where the cut was made and where the newly cut pieces went. I am at a disadvantage right now (my mammogram did NOT come through clear this year so you can imagine what I have been doing the last 4 months). Your technique intrigues me so much I'd buy a pattern of a more detailed tutorial "for dummies" with dotted lines showing cut lines, intermediate steps to show rotation of newly cut pieces, etc. NOT to copy your exact backing, here, but as a wonderful springboard for explorationfor those of us who need more help . Have you considered PDF available at your site? I know they are a lot of work. Your technique is worth it. Thanks.


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Número de publicación | US6875640 B1 |
Tipo de publicación | Concesión |
Número de solicitud | US 09/589,841 |
Fecha de publicación | 5 Abr 2005 |
Fecha de presentación | 8 Jun 2000 |
Fecha de prioridad | 8 Jun 2000 |
Tarifa | Caducada |
También publicado como | US7067901, US7084013, US20030201531, US20050101158, US20060197235 |
Número de publicación | 09589841, 589841, US 6875640 B1, US 6875640B1, US-B1-6875640, US6875640 B1, US6875640B1 |
Inventores | Warren M. Farnworth, Alan G. Wood |
Cesionario original | Micron Technology, Inc. |
Exportar cita | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Citas de patentes (80), Otras citas (11), Citada por (21), Clasificaciones (25), Eventos legales (5) | |
Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet | |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to stereolithography and, more specifically, to the use of stereolithography to form protective layers on substrates, such as semiconductor dice or wafers, and the resulting structures.
2. State of the Art
In the past decade, a manufacturing technique termed "stereolithography", also known as "layered manufacturing", has evolved to a degree where it is employed in many industries.
Essentially, stereolithography, as conventionally practiced, involves utilizing a computer to generate a three-dimensional (3-D) mathematical simulation or model of an object to be fabricated, such generation usually effected with 3-D computer-aided design (CAD) software. The model or simulation is mathematically separated or "sliced" into a large number of relatively thin, parallel, usually vertically superimposed layers, each layer having defined boundaries and other features associated with the model (and thus the actual object to be fabricated) at the level of that layer within the exterior boundaries of the object. A complete assembly or stack of all of the layers defines the entire object and surface resolution of the object is, in part, dependent upon the thickness of the layers.
The mathematical simulation or model is then employed to generate an actual object by building the object, layer by superimposed layer. A wide variety of approaches to stereolithography by different companies has resulted in techniques for fabrication of objects from both metallic and nonmetallic materials. Regardless of the material employed to fabricate an object, stereolithographic techniques usually involve disposition of a layer of unconsolidated or unfixed material corresponding to each layer within the object boundaries. The layer of material is selectively consolidated or fixated to at least a semisolid state in those areas of a given layer corresponding to portions of the object, the consolidated or fixed material also at that time being substantially concurrently bonded to a lower layer. The unconsolidated material employed to build an object may be supplied in particulate or liquid form and the material itself may be consolidated, fixed or cured, or a separate binder material may be employed to bond material particles to one another and to those of a previously formed layer. In some instances, thin sheets of material may be superimposed to build an object, each sheet being fixed to a next lower sheet and unwanted portions of each sheet removed, a stack of such sheets defining the completed object. When particulate materials are employed, resolution of object surfaces is highly dependent upon particle size. When a liquid is employed, resolution is highly dependent upon the minimum surface area of the liquid which can be fixed (cured) and the minimum thickness of a layer which can be generated, given the viscosity of the liquid and other parameters, such as transparency to radiation or particle bombardment (see below) used to effect at least a partial cure of the liquid to a structurally stable state. Of course, in either case, resolution and accuracy of object reproduction from the CAD file is also dependent upon the ability of the apparatus used to fix the material to precisely track the mathematical instructions indicating solid areas and boundaries for each layer of material. Toward that end, and depending upon the layer being fixed, various fixation approaches have been employed, including particle bombardment (electron beams), disposing a binder or other fixative (such as by ink-jet printing techniques), or irradiation using heat or specific wavelength ranges.
An early application of stereolithography was to enable rapid fabrication of molds and prototypes of objects from CAD files. Thus, either male or female forms on which mold material might be disposed might be rapidly generated. Prototypes of objects might be built to verify the accuracy of the CAD file defining the object and to detect any design deficiencies and possible fabrication problems before a design was committed to large-scale production.
In more recent years, stereolithography has been employed to develop and refine object designs in relatively inexpensive materials and has also been used to fabricate small quantities of objects where the cost of conventional fabrication techniques is prohibitive for the same, such as in the case of plastic objects conventionally formed by injection molding. It is also known to employ stereolithography in the custom fabrication of products generally built in small quantities or where a product design is rendered only once. Finally, it has been appreciated in some industries that stereolithography provides a capability to fabricate products, such as those including closed interior chambers or convoluted passageways, which cannot be fabricated satisfactorily using conventional manufacturing techniques.
However, to the inventors' knowledge, stereolithography has yet to be applied to mass production of articles in volumes of thousands or millions, or employed to produce, augment or enhance products including other pre-existing components in large quantities, where minute component sizes are involved, and where extremely high resolution and a high degree of reproducibility of results is required.
In the electronics industry, computer chips are typically manufactured by configuring a large number of integrated circuits on a wafer and subdividing the wafer to form singulated devices. A coating of protective dielectric material, such as polyimide, can be formed over the wafer prior to cutting in order to prevent physical damage to each die and the circuitry thereon during handling of the die. Polyimide coatings are formed by applying a liquid polymer in a volatile carrier to the center of a spinning wafer. Thus, the polyimide layer is said to be "spun on" to the wafer. Typically, such polyimide layers have thicknesses of about 6μ. When the volatile carrier evaporates and as the polyimide layer shrinks, it warps, with the polyimide layer typically being thicker at the periphery of the wafer than at the center of the wafer, a phenomenon referred to as "dishing". Given the required tolerances for semiconductor devices, even slight dishing may drastically reduce the yield of useable dice from the wafer. Moreover, when polyimide layers are spun onto semiconductor wafers in this manner, it is difficult to provide a repeatable thickness between wafer batches.
In addition, the cure temperature required to adequately cross-link the polyimide layer is typically about 300° C. This high cure temperature may be detrimental to the integrated circuits of the dice, as well as to the bond pads exposed at the active surface of the dice.
As conventional processes, such as spin-on techniques, form polyimide layers that substantially cover an active surface of a wafer, shrinkage or warpage of the polyimide layer during evaporation or volatilization of the carrier material or during curing can stress the wafer and may damage the circuitry of semiconductor devices on the wafer.
Moreover, the resulting cure of the polyimide layer may not be a full "hard" cure. Consequently, if a die having such a polyimide layer on the active surface thereof is packaged with a polymer filled with particles of silica, such as sand with low a particle emission, the silica particles can impinge, or pass through, the polyimide layer, which is supposed to act as a physical barrier to the silica. Such impingement of silica particles can damage the circuits of the die unless expensive round silica particles are used as a filler in the packaging material.
After disposal on the active surfaces of one or more dice and curing of the polyimide layer, each of the bond pads covered by the polyimide layer is exposed to facilitate access to the bond pads. Typically, a complex, conventional mask and etch process is employed. For example, a photoresist material may then be used to form a mask and an etchant can be employed to remove portions of the polyimide layer that overlie bond pads through apertures of the mask. As is well known in the art, slight dimensional differences between wafers, including nonflatness, can occur, causing misalignment or distortion of the mask and, thus, of structures formed therethrough, such as the bond pad openings through a protective polyimide layer.
The use of mask and etch processes to pattern polyimide protective layers is also somewhat undesirable in that these processes introduce additional fabrication steps and, thus, increase fabrication time, as well as increasing the likelihood that the die or dice being fabricated will be damaged. The use of mask and etch processing also consumes expensive dielectric materials and etchants.
Finally, as is well known to those in the art, alpha particles emitted by solders, leads, sand, and other sources can create electron-hole pairs in a semiconductor device and thereby cause "soft" errors during the operation of the semiconductor device. While not permanently damaging to the semiconductor device, "soft" errors are often a nuisance to the user of a computer or other electronic device. A 6μ layer of polyimide may act to minimize such "sofR" errors.
The art does not teach methods of fabricating protective layers on the active surfaces of semiconductor devices that do not stress a wafer on which the semiconductor devices are contained or that do not require a significant number of additional fabrication steps. Nor does the art teach protective layers so fabricated that reduce the incidence of soft errors in the protected semiconductor devices.
The present invention provides a method of applying a layer of protective material to precisely defined areas on individual semiconductor devices fabricated on a semiconductor wafer, on individual dice, or on other semiconductor device component substrates. The present invention employs computer-controlled, 3-D computer-aided design (CAD) initiated, stereolithographic techniques to rapidly form precision layers of material to specific surfaces of a substrate, such as a plurality of dice on a wafer, and to an individual die.
In a preferred embodiment, the layer and associated structures are fabricated on the substrate using precisely focused electromagnetic radiation in the form of an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength laser to fix or cure a liquid material in the form of a photopolymer. However, the invention is not so limited and other stereolithographically applicable materials may be employed in the present invention.
For example, a silicon wafer comprising a large number of distinct semiconductor devices may be covered with a layer of liquid polyimide or other photopolymer which is cured only in particular locations to an at least semisolid state by precisely directed laser radiation at a substantially ambient temperature. As the regions of the layer that are cured by the laser may be selected, photopolymer located over the contact pads of the substrate can be left uncured. Thus, apertures are formed through the protective layer substantially simultaneously with formation of the protective layer. A single layer having a uniform thickness of, for example, about 25 μm (1 mil) may be formed on the surface of the wafer. Single layers having thicknesses of up to about 10 mil or more may be formed, the maximum possible thickness of each layer being limited only by the maximum depth into the liquid photopolymer that the laser beam can penetrate. Multiple superimposed layers, each separately cured, may be formed to create a protective layer of even greater thickness while maintaining a thickness accuracy not achievable by conventional techniques. Multiple superimposed layers may also be used to form one or more three-dimensional structures on the surface of the protective layer or on the surface of the substrate.
When protective layers are being formed on a wafer bearing a plurality of semiconductor devices, the protective layer may have several laterally separated regions, each corresponding to the location of one of the semiconductor devices and having apertures formed therethrough to expose bond pads of the semiconductor devices. Further, "streets" traversing the wafer between adjacent semiconductor devices may also be left uncoated, thereby reducing stress to which the wafer would otherwise be exposed if a continuous, protective layer covered the semiconductor devices and the streets therebetween. Thus, for example, each semiconductor device on a wafer may be covered with a discrete, well-defined pattern of protective material of controlled depth, shape, and size, with precisely located apertures therethrough.
The robust, relatively thick protective layer formed in accordance with teachings of the present invention may be used to physically protect, seal, and isolate circuitry of semiconductor device components from physical damage that may occur during handling, as well as electrical shorting of a semiconductor device component to other devices, damage by chemical agents, and alpha particle-induced "soft" errors. When thermoplastic materials that soften or melt at temperatures that will not damage the semiconductor device are used as the protective layer, the protective layer can also act to adhere the semiconductor device to a higher level substrate. Such protective layers are particularly useful on a die to be packaged in a "leads-over-chip" (LOC)-type arrangement where, when packaged, the leads extend over and are secured to the active surface of the semiconductor die. The protective layer may also be applied following the attachment of leads to the bond pads of a semiconductor die, for example, around the lead fingers.
The apparatus used in the present invention may also incorporate a machine vision system to locate substrates, individual semiconductor devices on a wafer, and features on substrates.
The method of the present invention encompasses the use of all known stereolithography apparatus and the application of any and all materials thereby, including both metallic and nonmetallic materials applied in any state and cured or otherwise fixed to at least a semisolid state to define a layer or layers having identifiable boundaries.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art through a consideration of the ensuing description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
The drawings of the application illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, wherein the illustrated features are not necessarily to scale, wherein like indicia are used for like and similar elements, and wherein:
Improvements in the conventional stereolithographic apparatus, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,524,346 relate to a so-called "machine vision" system in combination with suitable programming of the computer controlling the stereolithographic process. This improvement eliminates the need for accurate positioning or mechanical alignment of workpieces to which material is stereolithographically applied. Referring to
With reference to
The data are preferably formatted in an STL type computer file, STL being a standardized format employed by a majority of manufacturers of stereolithography equipment. Fortunately, the format has been adopted for use in many solid-modeling CAD programs, translation from another internal geometric database format is often unnecessary. In the particular case where the apparatus 10 is to be used for applying only a single layer 50 of uniform thickness, the program may be somewhat simplified.
Apparatus 10 also includes a reservoir 14 (which may comprise a removable reservoir interchangeable with others containing different materials) of liquid material 16 to be employed in applying the intended layer 50 of protective material to the dice 52 of a wafer 60 or to singulated dice. In a currently preferred embodiment, the liquid material 16 is a photo-curable polymer (hereinafter "photopolymer") responsive to light in the UV wavelength range. The surface level 18 of the liquid material 16 is automatically maintained at an extremely precise, constant magnitude by devices known in the art responsive to output of sensors within apparatus 10 and preferably under control of computer 12. A support platform or elevator 20, precisely vertically movable in fine, repeatable increments in directions 46 responsive to control of computer 12, is located for movement downward into and upward out of liquid material 16 in reservoir 14. A UV wavelength range laser plus associated optics and galvanometers (collectively identified as 22) for controlling the scan of laser beam 26 in the X-Y plane across platform 20 has associated therewith mirror 24 to reflect beam 26 downwardly as beam 28 toward surface 30 of platform 20 or, more particularly, toward surface 54 of a wafer 60 positioned on surface 30. Beam 28 is traversed in a selected pattern in the X-Y plane, that is to say, in a plane parallel to surface 30, by initiation of the galvanometers under control of computer 12 to at least partially cure, by impingement thereon, selected portions of liquid material 16 disposed over surface 54 to at least a semisolid state. The use of mirror 24 lengthens the path of the laser beam 26, effectively doubling same, and provides a more vertical beam 28 than would be possible if the laser 22 itself were mounted directly above platform surface 30, thus enhancing resolution. In the exemplary method described herein, a wafer 60 may be precisely coated with a protective layer irrespective of wafer size or number of dice 52. Thus, current stereolithographic equipment will accommodate wafers 60 up to 12 or more inches in X and Y dimensions, and it is expected that equipment size will increase as the ability to produce even larger wafers becomes commonplace. Base supports, not shown, may be placed on platform 20 prior to introduction of the wafer 60, to support the wafer 60 in a highly planar, level position. Apparatus 10 may be programmed to stereolithographically form such supports on platform 20.
While the invention is described in terms of a liquid material polymerizable to a semisolid and/or solid, the process may be varied to use a powdered material, for example. The term "unconsolidated" will be used herein to denote the unpolymerized material, which becomes "altered" or "consolidated" by the laser radiation to at least a semisolid state.
Wafer 60 or another substrate may be secured to the platform 20 so that it will not move thereon during formation of the layer 50. As seen in
A camera 70 is then activated to locate the position and orientation of each die 52 or other substrate on which a layer 50 is to be placed by scanning platform 20 and comparing the features of dice 52 with those in the data file residing in memory, the locational and orientational data for each die then also being stored in memory. It should be noted that the data file representing the design, size, shape, and topography for dice 52 or other substrates may be used at this juncture to detect physically defective or damaged dice 52. It should also be noted that data files for more than one type (size, thickness, configuration, surface topography) of a die 52 or other substrate may be placed in computer memory and computer 12 programmed to recognize locations and orientations of dice 52 or other substrates, as well as the boundaries 58 which define the layer 50 which is to be formed, and a laser path for forming the layer.
Referring now to both
Before fabrication of layer 50 is initiated with apparatus 10, the primary STL file is configured for the particular dice 52 or other substrates upon which layers 50 are to be formed. Thus, by way of example and not by way of limitation, the primary STL file is integrated with the file used for forming the integrated circuits on the dice 52 or the features on other substrates. It should be recognized that, while reference is made herein to sequentially forming a layer 50 on dice 52 of a wafer 60, the same process may be used to form a layer on a singulated die 52 or other individual substrate. Furthermore, a wafer 60 having dice 52 of differing dimensions and/or layout may be accommodated by merging of the STL files of the different dice 52 into the primary STL file. Operational parameters for apparatus 10 are then set, for example, to adjust the size (e.g., diameter, if circular) of the laser Abeam 28 used to alter the state of (i.e., cure) material 16.
Before initiation of a first sub-layer 51 of layer 50 is commenced, computer 12 automatically checks and, if necessary, adjusts by means known in the art, the surface level 18 of liquid material 16 in reservoir 14 to maintain the same at an appropriate focal length for laser beam 28. U.S. Pat. No. 5,174,931, referenced above and previously incorporated herein by reference, discloses one suitable level control system. Alternatively, the height of mirror 24 may be adjusted responsive to a detected surface level 18 to cause the focal point of laser beam 28 to be located precisely at the surface of liquid material 16 at surface level 18 if level 18 is permitted to vary, although this approach is somewhat more complex. The platform 20 may then be submerged in liquid material 16 in reservoir 14 to a depth equal to the thickness of one sub-layer 51 or slice of the layer 50 or another object to be fabricated and the liquid surface level 18 readjusted as required to accommodate liquid material 16 displaced by submergence of platform 20. Laser 22 is then activated so that laser beam 28 will scan liquid material 16 in a defined path over surface 54 of each substrate, such as the illustrated die 52, in turn to at least partially cure (e.g., at least partially polymerize) liquid material 16 at selective locations on each die 52. For example, laser 22 first defines the boundaries 58 of a first sub-layer 51 on die 52 and fills in solid portions thereof to complete the layer. The boundaries 58 may circumscribe bond pads 34 (
If a recoater blade 32 is employed, the process sequence is somewhat different. In this instance, the surface 30 of platform 20 is lowered into liquid material 16 below surface level 18, then raised thereabove until it is precisely a thickness of sub-layer 51 below blade 32. Blade 32 then sweeps horizontally over surface 56 of die 52, or (to save time) at least over a portion thereof on which layer 50 is to be fabricated, to remove excess liquid material 16 and leave a film thereof of the precise, desired thickness on surface 56. Platform 20 is then lowered so that the surface of the film and material surface level 18 are coplanar and the surface of the material 16 is still. Laser 22 is then initiated to scan with laser beam 28 and define the first sub-layer 51. The process is repeated, sub-layer by sub-layer, to define each succeeding sub-layer 51 and simultaneously bond the same to the next lower sub-layer 51 until layer 50 is completed. The process is then repeated for each die 52 of wafer 60 or on each of another type of semiconductor device component substrate on which a layer 50 is to be formed. A more detailed discussion of this sequence and apparatus for performing the same is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,174,931, previously incorporated herein by reference.
As an alternative to the above approach to preparing a layer of liquid material 16 for scanning with laser beam 28, a layer of liquid material 16 may be formed on surface 56 of a substrate, such as the illustrated die 52, by lowering platform 20 to flood material 16 over surface 56 or over the highest completed sub-layer 51 of layer 50, then raising platform 20 and horizontally traversing a so-called "meniscus" blade across the platform (or just the formed portion of layer 50) of a thickness equal to one sub-layer 51 thereabove, followed by initiation of laser 22 and scanning of beam 28 to define the next higher sub-layer 51.
Yet another alternative to layer preparation of liquid material 16 is to merely lower platform 20 to a depth equal to that of a layer of liquid material 16 to be scanned and then traverse a combination flood bar and meniscus bar assembly horizontally over platform 20 to substantially concurrently flood liquid material 16 over surface 54 of wafer 60 and define a precise layer thickness of liquid material 16 for scanning.
All of the foregoing approaches to flooding, layer definition and apparatus of initiation thereof are known in the art, therefore, no further details relating thereto will be provided.
Each sub-layer 51 of complete layer 50 is preferably built by first defining any internal and external object boundaries 58 of that sub-layer 51 with laser beam 28, then hatching solid areas of complete layer 50 with laser beam 28. If a particular part of a particular sub-layer 51 is to form a boundary 58 of a void in the object above or below that sub-layer 51, then the laser beam 28 is scanned in a series of closely spaced, parallel vectors so as to develop a continuous surface, or skin, with improved strength and resolution. The time it takes to form each sub-layer 51 depends upon its geometry, surface tension and viscosity of material 16, and thickness of the layer.
Once the protective layer 50 or other objects are completed on the substrate, such as the illustrated dice 52 of wafer 60, platform 20 is elevated above surface level 18 of liquid material 16, and wafer 60 with protective layers 50 on dice 52 thereof may be removed from apparatus 10. Excess, uncured liquid material 16 on the surface of wafer 60 may be removed, for example, by a manual removal step and solvent-cleaning. Layer 50 on each die 52 of wafer 60 may then require postcuring, as material 16 may be only partially polymerized and exhibit only a portion (typically 40% to 60%) of its fully cured strength. Postcuring to completely harden layers 50 over the entire wafer 60 or portions thereof, on singulated dice 52, or on other semiconductor device component substrates may be effected in another apparatus projecting UV radiation in a continuous manner over wafer 60 or dice 52 and/or by thermal completion of the initial, UV-initiated partial cure. Singulation of the individual dice 52 of a wafer 60 is preferably done following the completed cure but may also be effected prior to a completed cure.
A small portion of wafer 60 is shown in
As shown in
The ability to precisely direct the laser beam 28 to uniformly cover a small target area enables the method to provide very accurate and precise inner or outer boundaries 58. As illustrated in
The various types of layer coverage depicted in
When layer 50 or regions thereof are fabricated from a thermoplastic material having a softening or melting temperature that will not damage die 52, the thermoplastic regions of layer 50 may also be used as an adhesive, or glue, to secure die 52 to a substrate in face-down orientation. The thermoplastic material of layer 50 is disposed in a configuration and thickness that, when heated to at least the softening temperature thereof, will adhere die 52 to a substrate or other component of a semiconductor device assembly in a desired manner. When the material of layer 50 softens at a temperature that also wets or melts conductive structures secured to bond pads 34 while continuing to laterally support the conductive structures, die 52 may be secured to a substrate or other component of a semiconductor device assembly substantially simultaneously with the electrical connection of a conductive structure to a contact of the other component.
In practicing the present invention, a commercially available stereolithography apparatus operating generally in the manner as that described with respect to apparatus 10 of
Referring again to
It is noted that a variety of machine vision systems are in existence, examples of which and their various structures and uses are described, without limitation, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,526,646; 4,543,659; 4,736,437; 4,899,921; 5,059,559; 5,113,565; 5,145,099; 5,238,174; 5,463,227; 5,288,698; 5,471,310; 5,506,684; 5,516,023; 5,516,026; and 5,644,245. The disclosure of each of the immediately foregoing patents is hereby incorporated by this reference.
In order to facilitate practice of the present invention with apparatus 10, a data file representative of the surface of a substrate, such as a die 52 or wafer 60, on which a layer 50 is to be formed, is placed in the memory of computer 12. The data file will contain information, such as die surface dimensions and visual features of the substrate. When the substrate is a wafer, the data file can also include information about the spacing and layout of dice 52 on wafer 60. The data file will also contain information defining the specific area(s) of the surface of the substrate which are to be covered with layer 50 and the desired depth of coverage and, in addition, a defined path of laser beam 28 as controlled by mirror 24 to achieve the desired coverage.
Continuing with reference to
Laser 22 is then activated and scanned to direct beam 28, under control of computer 12, across the desired portion of the surface of the substrate (e.g., surface 56) to effect the partial cure of material 16 to form a first sub-layer 51 on the substrate. If the substrate is a die 52 or a wafer 60, the laser 22 is then refocused to another die 52 and the process repeated. If any portion of die surface 56 is to have a second (or more) sub-layer(s) 51, the platform 20 is lowered further into reservoir 14, and can also be raised as before, to submerge the substrate and formed sub-layers 51 into liquid material 16. The laser is then activated to form another sub-layer 51A atop sub-layer 51, for example. It should be noted that thickness 40 of material 16 over a selected portion of a given substrate (e.g., die 52) may be altered die by die, again responsive to output of camera 70 or one or more additional cameras 74, 76, and 78, shown in broken lines, which detect particular features of the substrate.
It should be noted that the laser treatment may be carried out to form a boundary 58 which adheres to the surface (e.g., die surface 56) of the substrate and the sub-layer 51 within the boundary is lightly cured to form a semisolid "skin" which encloses liquid material 16. Trapped, unconsolidated material will eventually cure due to the crosslinking initiated in the outwardly adjacent photopolymer. The cure of sub-layer 51 may be subsequently accelerated by broad-source UV radiation in a chamber, or by thermal cure in an oven. In this manner, an extremely thick protective layer 50 may be formed in minimal time within apparatus 10.
As illustrated in
In another variation, shown in the example of
It is notable that the method depicted and described with respect to
It is also notable that the present invention provides a rapid method for forming layers of protective material precisely on specified areas of singulated dice 52, many dice of a wafer 60, or dice joined to a lead frame strip 80. The method conserves material 16, since all such material in which cure is not initiated by laser 28 remains in a liquid state in reservoir 14 for continued use.
As the packaging method of the present invention is conducted at substantially ambient temperature, the small beam spot size and rapid traverse of laser beam 28 on the semiconductor dice 52 or other substrate results in negligible thermal stress thereon.
Referring to
It should be re-emphasized that the stereolithographic technique of the present invention is suitable for covering, or leaving uncovered, any desired portion of a semiconductor device component substrate, such as semiconductor die 52, so that electrical connections for connection to lead frames, test equipment or higher-level packaging may be left bare.
While the present invention has been disclosed in terms of certain preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize and appreciate that the invention is not so limited. Additions, deletions and modifications to the disclosed embodiments may be effected without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed herein. Similarly, features from one embodiment may be combined with those of another while remaining within the scope of the invention.
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Clasificación de EE.UU. | 438/127, 257/678, 438/82, 438/106, 438/118, 438/112, 438/124, 257/40, 438/123, 257/E23.129, 257/687, 438/780, 438/778, 257/666, 438/99, 438/782, 438/781, 257/E23.134 |
Clasificación internacional | H01L23/31 |
Clasificación cooperativa | H01L2924/00013, H01L23/3192, H01L23/3157, H01L2924/0002 |
Clasificación europea | H01L23/31P, H01L23/31P12 |
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8 Jun 2000 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: MICRON TECHNOLGY, INC., IDAHO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FARNWORTH, WARREN M.;WOOD, ALAN G.;REEL/FRAME:010870/0153 Effective date: 20000228 |
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5 Abr 2013 | LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | |
28 May 2013 | FP | Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee | Effective date: 20130405 |


text:
I'm happy with my Rosewill RK-9000BR. The USB connector came loose but it was trivial to resolder it. It's otherwise a solid keyboard and a good option if you can grab one cheaply. Newegg had them for $56 just last week.
It's very probably made in the same factory as the Filco Majestouch-2 as it shares its design and build quality- minus that USB connector, of course.


text:
zamaanah : 'Time, period, duration; season; a long time; an age'. (Platts p.617)
miir : 'Chief, leader, master, head'. (Platts p.1105)
I have heard from Mirza [Ghalib] himself that Mir Taqi,
who was Mirza's compatriot [from Agra], having heard his boyhood verses, had
said, 'If this boy finds some accomplished Ustad,
and he puts him on the right path, then he will become a peerless poet. And
if not, he'll start babbling nonsense.'
==Urdu text: p. 109 in Hali, Yadgar-e Ghalib
They call the composition of poetry in Urdu 'Rekhtah'. He says, in Urdu poetry, oh Ghalib, you're not the only Ustad. They say-- that is, it's well-known-- that in a previous age there was some poet 'Mir' as well. With what excellence he has established his own equality with Mir in the art of poetry. (72)
Ghalib, in Urdu poetry you are not the only Ustad. Rather, among the ancients Mir too was an Ustad. That is, in Urdu poetry there have been only two Ustads. (88)
Rekhtah: the Urdu language. The dictionary meaning is cement for a building. The way a house is built from lime, gravel, bricks, stones, brick-dust, etc., in the same way the Urdu language has developed from the mingling of Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and various Prakrits. For this reason they call the Urdu language 'Rekhtah'. (177)
The old name of Urdu was 'Rekhtah'. The closing-verse is boastful. But he's made fine use of the name of Mir to adorn it. In the style of the first line, he's created an effect of self-deprecation-- that is, you are not the only Ustad of that language, there are others as well. All the renowned ones have always agreed on the excellence of Mir Taqi. Thus his name has been used, so that there would remain no scope for rejection. (105)
About Rekhtah:
(1) Rekhtah is two things at the same time. (a) A macaronic verse where the linguistic features of Persian are grafted on to Hindi templates; (b) a macaronic verse where the linguistic features of Hindi are grafted on to Persian templates.
(Please note that when I say 'Hindi', I mean 'Urdu'; 'Urdu' as a language name did not become known, far less current, until the very end of the 18th century, though the terms Rekhtah and Hindi continued to be used for the same language until the last quarter of the 19th century.) In the above sense, Rekhtah is a formal genre. It had a short life, almost entirely in Northern India, up to about early 18th century.
(2) Over time, the language in which the above kind of poems were written came to be called Rekhtah. In the mean time, Hindi became popular in and around Delhi as a literary language and Hindi began also to be called Rekhtah. In course of time, the term Rekhtah began to be preferred, though not overwhelmingly, as the name for the written language, while the spoken language was more often called Hindi. The term Rekhtah began to be used for ' poem written in Rekhtah', apparently as a throwback to the earlier practice. The term Rekhtah, to denote a text written in the language called Rekhtah / Hindi / Hindvi, continued to be used until about the end of the 18th century.
However, there are two other ways the term Rekhtah has been
used, though not in Urdu:
(a) In Gujarati, there was a genre called 'Rekhta' until about the end of
the 19th century. It was a kind of folky song, but I don't know more about
(b) There was a genre called 'Lavani Rekhta' in which I have found poems in
the North Indian folk drama (especially the 'Nautanki') of the late 19th century.
While 'lavani' is a well-known metre in modern Hindi prosody, based on the
Sanskrit 'pingala', there is no metre called Rekhtah in Urdu or Modern Hindi.
The poems that I have seen with the heading 'Lavani Rekhta' do not present
any special metrical or linguistic features. Perhaps the term meant 'a poem
in the Rekhta mode and the lavani metre.' I haven't found anyone attaching
any importance to the term.
(--answer to an inquirer's question, by email, June 2005)
This is one of the few verses in the divan that are explicitly about Urdu poetry and its history. In a typically complex way, Ghalib pays tribute to Mir, the only other Ustad he depicts as worthy of comparison to himself. Implicitly but clearly, he relegates all other Urdu poets to forgettability.
And even toward Mir, his compliment is understated, to put it politely. Actually, it's more like backhanded. He locates Mir in the vaguest possible limbo: 'they say' (but of course it's hard to tell about these rumors) that 'in an earlier age' (when dinosaurs roamed the earth) there was 'some' Mir (at least, that was said to be his name). And of course 'Mir' is not only a pen-name, but also a word [miir], so the reference might even be construed as applying to any great 'master' among his predecessors.
Actually, Mir's lifespan (1722-1810) overlapped a bit with Ghalib's (1797-1869), and Mir's poetry was unquestionably a valuable source of ideas and techniques for him. (However, Hali's anecdote above, in which Mir is said to have commented on Ghalib's very early poetry, is almost certainly apocryphal.) And we could of course interpret the understated second line as ironic-- a tribute to Mir's radical well-knownness and immense prestige. ('They say that long ago there was somebody named Shakespeare...')
Compare Ghalib's much more genuinely admiring tributes to Mir, in {92,7} and {92,8x}.
And of course, take a look at *A Garden of Kashmir*, my commentary on Mir.


text:
Posted on 01/17/2011 9:21:45 AM PST by Gena Bukin
Here's what Generation Y doesn't want: formal living rooms, soaker bathtubs, dependence on a car.
In other words, they don't want their parents' homes.
Much of this week's National Association of Home Builders conference has dwelled on the housing needs of an aging baby boomer population. But their children actually represent an even larger demographic. An estimated 80 million people comprise the category known as "Gen Y," youth born roughly between 1980 and the early 2000s. The boomers, meanwhile, boast 76 million.
Gen Y housing preferences are the subject of at least two panels at this week's convention. A key finding: They want to walk everywhere. Surveys show that 13% carpool to work, while 7% walk, said Melina Duggal, a principal with Orlando-based real estate adviser RCLCO. A whopping 88% want to be in an urban setting, but since cities themselves can be so expensive, places with shopping, dining and transit such as Bethesda and Arlington in the Washington suburbs will do just fine.
"One-third are willing to pay for the ability to walk," Ms. Duggal said. "They don't want to be in a cookie-cutter type of development. ...The suburbs will need to evolve to be attractive to Gen Y."
Outdoor space is important-but please, just a place to put the grill and have some friends over. Lawn-mowing not desired.
(Excerpt) Read more at realestate.yahoo.com ...
Temporary until they have kids and want to send them outside to jump on the trampoline to get some quiet.
Yes. No mention of school quality/availability. Idiot real estate article.
That's what I thought too. These young people are between age 20 and 30. Many haven't yet had children or married or settled down. Give them a few years, and when children come along, they will want a suburban environment to raise their kids.
Anecdotal evidence for years has been that people move out of the cities when they have kids. Of those who remain in the city after having babies, many will move by the time the kids start school.
So I figure Generation Y will probably follow the same trends. As they have kids and get married, big numbers will want the traditional house with a backyard, similar to what they themselves grew up with.
Yes, the basements are enough.
when they breed, they will want good schools that you simply can't get in the city center. As they age, they will want a little more space and a little less nightclub
When my wife and I were younger, I worked for the government (we are both retired now), and we moved quite a bit. We used to say, we didn't buy houses, we bought school. That was our first criterion (we have 3 children, now grown, etc.). Later, my wife was a real estate broker for several years; I will have to show her this article and see what she thinks about it.
When Generation Y starts to age and gets the inevitable aches and pains, they're not going to be so keen about walking everywhere.
"Temporary until they have kids and want to send them outside to jump on the trampoline to get some quiet."
Right on.
When you're 25, what you want in a home is dramatically different than when children arrive. Heck - even "urban areas" don't seem so fun anymore. Forget about "walking" everywhere when it's raining, 100+ degrees, or snowing and you're towing 100 lbs of stupid baby stuff. :)
'Tis hard to pack in all the groceries.
They'll figure it out.
Oh yes, these people want to be living in the middle of the feral urban yutes...good luck with that.
Well, maybe this is a rejection of the Rat Race, or perhaps it's just an example of reduced expectations, which, unfortunately, can be a self-fulfilling prophecy...but I definitely can see that younger people have a different set of values, and that's not ALL bad.
no HOA period.
This is nothing but environmentalist propaganda. And if it is true, it's because they brainwashed the little buggers in government-propaganda schools.
I agree this is developers pushing the BS of people wanting to live in overpriced rabbit hutches.
It's not that they are "self-denying" for the right reason,
they are "self-denying" because of their pagan, earth worshipping worldview,
whose only real intent, on their part, is to feel good about themselves as morally superior to others (conservatives/Christians) who "don't care" about the erf.
I have said for years that the REALLY big houses (3500+sf) will become very much less desirable...cost of heating, lighting, maintenance will be part of the problem,....However...I do NOT believe Gen Y will not want a car....ha....skiing? hiking? travel? this is some loons idiot interpretation of the narcissitic child's mind...they will grow up. PS I have 7 Gen Y's in my family...WHEELS are VERY important.
Many suburban areas where a family of modest means can afford to live have almost as many feral yutes as the inner city, i.e. Prince George's County, MD and Clayton County, GA. The same goes for parts of the outlying Houston metro, where I live.
There's a number of Gen-Y suburbs in towns neighboring mine. They're also hideously overpriced, centrally-planned, HOA-ruled communities that don't take kindly to non-Gen-Yers. All of them look like brand-new mining towns, all painted in friendly earth tones and all built using mixed-material steel panel and clapboard wood construction.
In a decade or two, after they've been through a few winters and the owners can't afford the expensive, custom up-keep due to the mixed-material construction, I predict they're going to look like shanty towns.
Good point that I didn't consider. Yes, having kids changes everything. As several other posters stated, good (and safe) school districts will take a higher priority.
I thought living rooms and dining rooms were replaced by 'great rooms' years ago. The article must be talking about real, sizable homes that still have those formal rooms, not typical new family homes.
My family fits this trend in more than one way.
1. We sold a 4,000 square footer in CA that has since declined by 400K in value.
2. We want to walk everywhere and live in a 90% walkable location in CO.
3. My gen Y kids are the same. One lives in Union County New Jersey, car-less. Another would live in Europe if she could, car-less. The third joined the Navy, to be car-less.
These young people are between age 20 and 30. Many havent yet had children or married or settled down. Many don't have jobs and live with Mommy and Daddy. But hey, they'll make it easy for my grandkids to clean-up (well, except for one of them).
"Here's what Generation Y doesn't want: formal living rooms, soaker bathtubs, dependence on a car. "
GenY are jsut stupid little kids that refused to grow up/
True, but there are affordable suburban areas without the feral yutes, especially in Houston metro. I would also say that the "almost" makes a difference. There is enough of a difference to matter in the risk posed by what comes out of Anacostia vs what comes out of Prince George's.
I am 35, and only recently have been able to even contemplate buying a home. i work for myself, small business, etc etc.
The last thing on my mind is some gaudy McMansion in a subdivision that idiot boomers overpaid for and now is taxed to the hilt.
No thanks.
Hmmm... I am about the only person I know that actually took where they could walk into consideration before moving. With the exception of bars, walking really isn't a consideration with my GenY relatives. The GenY's I am acquainted with that own homes have all bought in established neighborhoods with older housing stock that needs some sort of updating. They are renovating as they go along to modernize and personalize their homes. They are all looking to be in their houses for several years.
...because it's oh-so-trendy and uber-cool.
Fast-forward a few years, when they have school-age kids and they get a look at the teeming hellholes of chaos known as urban schools. Suddenly, that I-heart-the-city cosmopolitanism isn't such a draw anymore.
joined the navy specifically TO BE car-less? In this society, being car-less is a significant empediment being a full citizen. Such situations make you dependent on the collective, and to the schedules of mass transit. Car-less is no way for an american to live.
just wait too, very young kids say what they think, and haven't had their common sense destroyed yet. Wait till they visit the grandparents big fun house, with its big fun yard,,,and ask ' mommy,, why is their house better than ours? I like to be outside.' lol
It was not the boomers that overpaid. Many sold into the bubble. It was the one's in the mid-30's that overpaid into the Mcmansions.
My house was built in 1972. It has a formal living room that we never use and a dining room that we use two days a year. If I built another house I would never have eithe rof these in the floor plan. I would have a media room though with a 50+ inch TV and surround sound.
I also would have a three car garage.
I must have raised the strangest kids ever! All three of my boys want to live way out in the country, have 4x4 trucks with a lifts on them, be able to hunt, fish, ride 4 wheelers and dirtbikes.
"One-third are willing to pay for the ability to walk," "They don't want to be in a cookie-cutter type of development. ...The suburbs will need to evolve to be attractive to Gen Y."
My gen X friends said the exact same thing back in 1991:
1) Guess what...most are married, live in cookie cutter developments and drive everywhere.
2) others had enough of the rat race,went off the grid and moved into the country where it was SAFER to grow their weed...
3) Some moved overseas
4) I'm the LAST of a group of friends who still lives in a mostly Urban area.
My kids are 25 and 26. They are professional and married. Both are looking for homes and the only thing about this article that is true in my kids' case is that they want to walk everywhere. They are looking for older traditional homes with character in the suburbs as are most of their friends.
You raised them to be those e-e-e-e-vil rugged individualist "Clingers" the liberals keep warning us about.
We have a formal dining room that has never been used except to store things off and on and we have been here 10+ years. The nice living room adjacent to it is used to host the Christmas tree and sometimes me doing a little photography. It is a waste of space.
Temporary until they have kids...
I seriously doubt if children are part of the equation for most.
If the millennials congregate in a metro area and stay there to raise their kids, don't you think the quality of the schools will improve?
In the 80s, we lived in a wonderful residential section of DC. Our street was rowhouse after rowhouse populated by couples in their mid 30s to mid 40s with young children ... all under the age of 5. As the kids approached school age, one by one the families moved to MD or VA for the better schools. I've often wondered, had everyone stayed put, what effect all those families might have had on the local public school.
I have a feeling the millennials will stay put and demand change. It will be interesting to see what effect they have.
Ever notice, they loudly proclaim that they won't just be cookie cutter people,,,,, while they march to the same train stations, from the same walking neighborhoods, where they all live in the same smallish condos, where they all think alike? Its really kinda comical.
This, we cannot allow. History is my witness.
Conformity in their non-comformity.
When the wife and I wanted a new house, the only thing offered were McMansions. Crappy design, questionable build quality, etc. So we had a house designed to our specs. Super enegery efficient, not because I care about global warming, or saving the whales or whatever, but because I had to heat it. Once the design was done, I couldn't find anyone to build it because it used materials and techniques not common to the average, crappy contractor in my area. So I built it myself. Well, about 70% myself (myself meaning I actually did 70% of everything). I was 35 at the time and that was 2 years ago, so I guess I'm not technically in that 'slacker' generation. My point is, builders are not going to build these types of houses because they can't squeeze out the profits than they can with crappy McMansions. If you want a house like that, you have to either build it yourself or prepare to pay 3x the sq. footage price of a McMansion.
We live in a large house built in the eighties on thirty acres. The area has developed significantly since we bought it, which drove the value to the point we would have to take a severe beating to sell it. My 20yo son wants no part of it. Too much upkeep and chores. My 16yo daughter says she would love to live here, but only if she gets married to an out doorsy farm boy type. At which point we would shuffle off to the nursing home.
Same argument has been made since the 70s. Remember when Brownstone-like townhomes and condominiums were the rage alternative to gated community HOAs?
The big environmental kick of the 90s was to make the US more European, build communities in suburban America like urban NYC or environmental policies of San Francisco Bay Area.
Urban sprawl became the next buzzword, but it wasn't land development which promoted urban sprawl as much as it was the codification of all building codes throughout the US, leaning towards global policies.
Local policy was easier to implement by simply accepting national and international codes, instead of thinking them through on their own.
Now planning commissions in 4000 person townships have spread their borders by 50 miles to the next township in rural desert, but mandate a residence may not be used for business, when paupers barely have enough money to build a shack, unless they sign a 30-40 yr mortgage and relinquish freedom to an outside third parties, whose controlling interests are overseas.
Eerily similar to colonial life under the Empire.
I think the new homes that still had the formal rooms after that were probably larger than the typical 1,800 square foot, three bedroom homes in my area.
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text:
Weaverknits' Tempest is a beautifully worked new pattern that you can all see on Knitty.
I am sure most of you have heard of this lovely pattern and quite a few of you asked for photos of color pairings from our current Fleece Artist Blue Faced Leicester selection. Well ladies, it is 3 AM I just got done (I am sure I missed a few as I am really tired), and with that…I hope you like my BFL combos:
Hot Pink & Wild Lily Hot Pink & Amethyst
Silver & Sea Shore Blush & Sea Shore
Ocean & Hercules Silver & Ireland
Crimson & Burgundy Ultraviolet & Victoria
Silver & Stone Ultraviolet & Mermaid
Blush & Rose Garden Moss & Wild Lily
and the last one for the night Ultraviolet & Amethyst
Again, I might have missed a few but it is good night for me right now. 🙂


text:
Fast National ratings for Monday, Jan. 31, 2011
The big four networks were pretty tightly bunched on Monday — but none of them pulled in very impressive ratings. Thanks to "The Bachelor," ABC managed to end the night on top. Elsewhere, "Harry's Law" remained consistent for NBC, but "The Cape" continued to struggle.
ABC led the evening with 8.4 million viewers and a 5.6 rating/9 share in households. A night of reruns on CBS (8.15 million, 5.1/8) was not far behind in second. FOX (7.4 million, 4.4/7) narrowly beat NBC (7.2 million, 4.4/7) for third place. The CW was well back with 1.6 million viewers and a 1.1/2.
Things played out pretty much the same in the adults 18-49 demographic: ABC got the win, albeit with a less-than-stellar 2.7 rating, while CBS took second with a 2.4. FOX, 2.2, came in third, followed by NBC at 1.8. The CW drew a 0.8.
Monday hour by hour:
8 p.m.
ABC: "The Bachelor" (9.4 million viewers, 6.2/9 households)
FOX: "Human Target" (7.8 million, 4.5/7)
CBS: "How I Met Your Mother" rerun (7.4 million, 4.5/7)/"Rules of Engagement" rerun (7.45 million, 4.6/7)
NBC: "Chuck" (5.6 million, 3.3/5)
The CW: "90210" (1.75 million, 1.2/2)
18-49 leader: "The Bachelor" (3.0)
9 p.m.
CBS: "Two and a Half Men" rerun (11.2 million, 6.9/10)/"Mike & Molly" rerun (9.1 million, 5.7/9)
ABC: "The Bachelor" (9.6 million, 6.3/10)
FOX: "Lie to Me" (7.05 million, 4.2/6)
NBC: "The Cape" (5.3 million, 3.2/5)
The CW: "Gossip Girl" (1.5 million, 1.1/2)
18-49 leader: "The Bachelor" (3.3)
10 p.m.
NBC: "Harry's Law" (10.9 million, 6.7/11)
CBS: "Hawaii Five-0" rerun (6.9 million, 4.5/7)
ABC: "Castle" rerun (6.3 million, 4.2/7)
18-49 leader: "Harry's Law" (2.1)
Ratings information includes live and same-day DVR viewing. All numbers are preliminary and subject to change. Source: The Nielsen Company.


text:
Iron Dome upgrade tests called successful
Israel said it successfully completed tests of the Iron Dome missile defense system following a system upgrade.
The announcement of the successful tests came in a statement from its Defense Ministry issued on Jan. 21.
"The series of tests is aimed at broadening and improving the capabilities and performance of the system in the face of an unprecedented array of threats," the statement said. "The test, which was declared a success, will contribute to the improved operational capacity of 'Iron Dome.' "
The decision to upgrade Iron Dome was announced shortly before Israel's Operation Pillar of Defense in Gaza in which Israel said the system intercepted more that 80 percent of the hundreds of rockets fired at southern Israel.


text: I think the old saying is that a leopard never changes it's spots and this would fit the bill with these people. The problem we have is this Country is a lack of accountability in all levels of the Civil Service and if it goes wrong the judges will just shrug their shoulders and continue as usual. It is about time some of these failures resulted in people being removed from their lofty positions.


text:
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text:
The Dubai Criminal Court of First Instance sentenced a Cameroonian, who used a forged driving licence that mentioned the driver's nationality as Filipino, to three months in jail.
KTS, 26, was also ordered to be deported after serving his jail term.
According to the records, KTS insisted to a policeman who had stopped him to check his driving licence and car's registration papers that he holds the Philippines nationality.
First Corporal Ali Saud testified that on September 28, at around 12.45, while he was managing the traffic at the arrivals area of Dubai Airport, he noticed that a Hyundai car that carried a tourist company's logo was waiting at the passenger loading layby.
"An African driver was sitting in the car. As stopping the car there is against rules, I went to him and asked him to show his driving licence and the car's registration paper.
"He presented a photocopy of the car's registration paper but not his driving licence. I suspected him and when I asked him again to show his driving licence, he presented its photocopy. Checking the licence, I found out that the driver's nationality was shown Cameroonian in English and Filipino in Arabic though he looked like an African.
"When I questioned him, he insisted that he had obtained Philippines nationality when he was there six years ago. He was taken to the office to double check the driving licence. It was found that the licence belonged to a Filipino. When confronted, the accused confessed to forging the licence. He said he had arrived in UAE two months ago and as he needed a driving licence, he had asked a compatriot to help him get one. He said he had paid Dh500 for the forged licence, " Ali Saud testfieid.
Thousands evacuated as cyclone bears down on Australia
Thousands of people including tourists were evacuated Monday as northeast Australia braced for a powerful cyclone


text:
Products | Finnpipette Focus Fixed Volume, 25ul |
Company | ThermoFisher Scientific |
Item | Finnpipette Focus Fixed Volume, 25ul |
Features | |
Description | The new Finnpipette Focus from Thermo Labsystems was designed specifically to combine ergonomics with uncompromising performance. The new interchangeable handle plate offers a custom fit for different hand sizes. The new shorter tip cones allow easier and more accurate pipetting into microplates. |
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text:
Carol and Darren Stivers of Smithfield and Rick Williaams and Donna Bailey of Louisville announce the engagement of their daughter, Shauna Renae Williams of Crestwood to Billy-Joel Markham, son of William and Janice Markham of Crestwood.
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text: The College has continued to make strategic investments in support of its research mission by allocating funds for internal research and equipment grants to promote the competitiveness of extramural grant applications and by recruiting and mentoring faculty who have a high potential for developing productive research programs. These efforts were reflected in the high proportion (approximately half) of academic faculty in the Department of Biomedical Sciences who had federally funded research grants. Integrated research with the College of Pharmacy and the College of Health and Human Sciences, offer additional funding opportunities.


text:
- KCII Radio - http://kciiradio.com -
Saint Mary's Breakfast Sunday Oct. 24th
Posted By News On @ 4:56 pm In Today's Local Church News | Comments Disabled
There will be an ALL YOU CAN EAT PANCAKES, EGGS & SAUSAGE BREAKFAST at Saint Mary's Church in Riverside at the Parish Center on Sunday October 24th from 7am to 12:30pm. Cost for adults is $6, Children 6-10 $3, Children under 5 are free. There will also be a Bake and Craft Sale going on. All Proceeds to Religious Education.
Article printed from KCII Radio: http://kciiradio.com
URL to article: http://kciiradio.com/2010/10/saint-marys-breakfast-sunday-oct-24th/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2005-2013 KCII Radio


text:
Drew Brees has GOT to be disappointed. What is the DEAL!?
Drew Brees has GOT to be disappointed. What is the DEAL!?
Brees got pudding in his eyes. Matt Bryant just won it for us.
Last edited by DannyJ; 11-29-2012 at 10:14 PM.
I'd be more upset that his streak record might get snapped than I am of losing this game
How hard is it to swallow when you completely self-implode?
Congrats to the Falcons fans, your team has finally beaten the Saints.
""President Trump was a chaos candidate and apparently intends to be a chaos president. Stability, it would seem, is out the window. The White House will lie without hesitation when it serves its perceived interest." The American Conservative
Maybe the Saints wanted to show Sean Peyton what coaching the Cowboys would be like.
M&K's HR UH Tucker of Texoma JH
M&K's SHR Prime Black Angus
M&K's Miss Jessie Girl JH
Sir Jacob of Lakeview-Jake
Freeway JYD
Mike Whitworth
Why did Drew pick this game to self destruct. There goes my playoff chances in my fantasy league. Thanks for all the other games you won for me Drew.
'I make my practices real hard because if a player is a quitter, I want him to quit in practice, not in a game.' - Bear Bryant / Alabama


text:
Honoring the memory of a fraternity brother who recently died, Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity is holding a drive for bone marrow donors for the nonprofit Be The Match. The effort aims to boost the number of African-Americans on the bone marrow donor registry.
The late Rex L. Crawley was the former assistant dean and a professor at Robert Morris University's School of Communications and Information Systems, and co-director of the Black Male Leadership Development Institute. He died Nov. 25 of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, without having found a marrow donor. He was also a board member of the National Marrow Donor Program. A number of black Greek-letter fraternities and sororities have joined the Be The Match effort.
Remaining locations and where people can sign up for the registry today are:
Bidwell Street United Presbyterian Church, 1025 Liverpool St., 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Thelma Lovette YMCA, 2114 Centre Ave., 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Kingsley Association, 6435 Frankstown Ave., 11a.m. to 2 p.m.
For more information: www.BeTheMatch.org.


text:
Where hopes and dreams go to die.
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pesgores wrote:Moose wrote:Have fun trying to pronounce that Hebeportho, apmna, kotopar coaepxnt poccnñckne coraatbl
Moose wrote:Have fun trying to pronounce that
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text:
Date | November 16, 2013 | Time | 2:00 - 5:00 pm |
Location | AT&T Stadium 1 Legends Way Arlington, TX 76011 | ||
Description | Join the Baylor Sports Network at Baylor's most popular tailgates on the road. As a part of the Baylor Alumni Network, the Baylor Sports Network Tailgate on the road provides an opportunity for all to connect and re-connect with fellow Bears, at or near other Big XII institutions. Join Baylor fans, listen to the Live Broadcasts of the Tailgate Shows, and meet our Baylor Yell Leaders. All this is done within a family friendly environment, so bring the entire crew and join us as we cheer on the Bears to victory. RegistrationPricing• Individual ($15*)
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text:
Time Poverty Thresholds and Rates for the US Population
No abstract is available for this item.
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Volume (Year): 104 (2011)
Issue (Month): 1 (October)
Pages: 129-155
Handle: | RePEc:spr:soinre:v:104:y:2011:i:1:p:129-155 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11205-010-9732-2 |
Contact details of provider: | Web page: http://www.springer.com |
Order Information: | Web: http://www.springer.com/economics/journal/11135 |
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Andrew Harvey & Arun Mukhopadhyay, 2007. "When Twenty-Four Hours is not Enough: Time Poverty of Working Parents," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 82(1), pages 57-77, May.
- Katharine G. Abraham & Aaron Maitland & Suzanne M. Bianchi, 2006. "Non-response in the American Time Use Survey: Who Is Missing from the Data and How Much Does It Matter?," NBER Technical Working Papers 0328, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- repec:ebl:ecbull:v:10:y:2006:i:12:p:1-7 is not listed on IDEAS
- Daniel S. Hamermesh, 2002.
"Timing, togetherness and time windfalls,"
Journal of Population Economics,
Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 15(4), pages 601-623.
- Hamermesh, Daniel S., 2000. "Timing, Togetherness and Time Windfalls," IZA Discussion Papers 173, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
- Robert Goodin & James Rice & Michael Bittman & Peter Saunders, 2005. "The Time-Pressure Illusion: Discretionary Time vs. Free Time," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 73(1), pages 43-70, 08.
- Daniel S. Hamermesh & Jungmin Lee, 2007.
"Stressed Out on Four Continents: Time Crunch or Yuppie Kvetch?,"
The Review of Economics and Statistics,
MIT Press, vol. 89(2), pages 374-383, May.
- Hamermesh, Daniel S. & Lee, Jungmin, 2005. "Stressed Out on Four Continents: Time Crunch or Yuppie Kvetch?," IZA Discussion Papers 1815, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
- Daniel S. Hamermesh & Jungmin Lee, 2003. "Stressed Out on Four Continents: Time Crunch or Yuppie Kvetch?," NBER Working Papers 10186, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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