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Credit Card Agreement
- Late Payment Fee
Up to $35 if your New Balance is $100 or more
- Returned Payment Fee
How We Will Calculate Your Balance:
We use a method called "Average Daily Balance (including new purchases)."
Billing Rights:
Information on your rights to dispute transactions and how to exercise those rights is provided in your Credit Card Agreement below.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR) for Purchases | 22.8% |
How to Avoid Paying Interest | Your due date is at least 23 days after the close of each Billing Cycle. We will not charge you interest on purchases if you pay your entire balance by the Payment Due Date each month. |
Minimum Interest Charge | If you are charged interest, the charge will be no less than $1. |
For Credit Card Tips from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau | To learn more about factors to consider when applying for or using a credit card, visit the website of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau at http://www.consumerfinance.gov/learnmore. |
Annual Fee | None |
Penalty Fees
| Up to $15 if your New Balance is less than $100; Up to $35 if your New Balance is $100 or more Up to $35 |
How We Will Calculate Your Balance: We use a method called "Average Daily Balance (including new purchases)."
Billing Rights: Information on your rights to dispute transactions and how to exercise those rights is provided in your Credit Card Agreement below.
We may change APR, Fees, and other terms at any time and for any reason in accordance with this Credit Card Agreement and applicable law.
This is your Consumer Credit Card Agreement ("Agreement") with Credit First National Association, a national banking association located at 6275 Eastland Road, Brook Park, Ohio 44142 ("CFNA"). This Agreement governs the use of your credit card account with us ("Account") and includes the following "Related Documents":
- Application - The application or solicitation you signed or otherwise submitted to request the Account;
- Card Carrier - The card carrier we send with the credit card or cards we issue to you;
- Promotional Credit Plan Terms - Any special terms we provide to you if you make a purchase under a special promotional plan; and
- Debt Cancellation - The terms and conditions of any debt cancellation product that you purchase in connection with your Account.
The Related Documents are incorporated by reference into this Agreement. Your handwritten, electronic or digital signature on any document you sign in connection with the use of your card or Account is part of this Agreement. These documents include, but are not limited to, your card, Application or any accepted sales slip. Participating merchants that may honor your card are not a party to this Agreement. Please read this Agreement and keep it for your records.
By signing the application, signature capture device or through your electronic consent, you certify to each of the following statements: You have read and agree to the terms and conditions set forth in this document. You are applying to Credit First National Association (CFNA) for a credit card with a credit limit up to the amount for which you qualify. The application information you provided is true, correct and complete, and CFNA may rely on it. You authorize CFNA to obtain credit reports about you from consumer reporting agencies in considering this application and subsequently for the purpose of any update, review, renewal or extension of credit, or reviewing or collecting the Account. You understand and agree that by providing CFNA with a wireless telephone number, you consent to receiving autodialed and prerecorded message calls from CFNA or its servicers, its assignees, or its third party debt collectors at this number. You understand that if CFNA approves your application, CFNA will issue a card and extend credit to you from its offices in Ohio. You agree to be bound by the terms set forth in the Agreement. You also understand that the Agreement includes an Arbitration Section that allows you or CFNA to resolve by arbitration claims arising from or related to the Agreement and your Account through the American Arbitration Association. The Arbitration Section will prevent you and CFNA from having claims resolved by a judge or jury and prevent you from participating as a representative or member of any class of claimants for claims subject to arbitration. Other rights available in court may also not be available in arbitration. You can reject the Arbitration Section within 30 days after CFNA opens your Account as explained in the Agreement.
By submitting your application, you acknowledge that you have read, understood and received a copy of this document and if approved for credit by CFNA, agree to be bound by the terms set forth in this document.
- You and your - each person who requested an Account approved by CFNA.
- We, us and our - CFNA or any person or entity to which CFNA sells or gives your Account.
- Credit Card or Card - each credit card we issue to you or a person any of you authorizes to use the Account.
- Authorized User - a person any of you authorizes to use the Account and to whom we may issue a Card.
Other capitalized terms are defined in the Agreement. Defined terms have the same meaning when used in your monthly billing statement ("Statement").
2. YOUR PROMISE TO US. You agree to the terms of this Agreement. You promise to do everything this Agreement requires of you. For joint Accounts, each of you promises to do everything this Agreement requires. You specifically promise to pay all amounts owed because of transactions made on your Account by any of you and any Authorized User. You will be bound by this Agreement when you submit an Application that is approved by us, sign a sales slip using the Card, or use or permit someone else to use credit provided through the Card or Account. You will use the Card only for personal, family, or household purposes, and not for business, commercial, or agricultural purposes. You agree that at any time for any reason we may reissue a Card to you and/or may ask you to return any or all Cards.
3. CREDIT LIMIT. The Credit Limit of your Account is the total maximum amount we allow you to owe us at any time. If you exceed any credit limit that we have set for your Account, we can still charge you for all transactions, Interest Charges and other charges ("Finance Charges") without giving up any of our rights under this Agreement. We may increase or decrease your Credit Limit at any time at our option. The reasons for changes may include, for example, your credit history with us, your default under this Agreement (see Section 13 below), fraud prevention or changes to this credit card program or CFNA policy.
4. MONTHLY STATEMENTS; BILLING CYCLES. We will send you a Statement at the end of each Billing Cycle in which (a) your Account has a balance of $1 or more, (b) an Interest Charge is imposed or (c) applicable law requires us to send a Statement. We send only one Statement for your Account each month. Each Statement will show, among other things, the date on which the most recent Billing Cycle ended (the "Statement Closing Date" of the Billing Cycle), Previous Balance, Payments and Credits, Transactions, Interest Charges, other Fees and Charges, Payment Due Date, New Balance and Minimum Payment Due. A Billing Cycle means the days between Statement Closing Dates.
5. YOUR ADDRESS. We will consider your current address and state of residence to be the same as the billing address we maintain in our records. You agree to notify us of any change in your name, residence, or billing address by writing to us at the address shown on your Statement. Any notices required by law shall be deemed received if mailed to your current address.
6. PAYMENTS; MINIMUM PAYMENT. You may pay all of your Account balance at any time without penalty. You must pay us at least the Minimum Payment Due for each Billing Cycle by the Payment Due Date shown on your Statement. The Minimum Payment Due for each Billing Cycle will be the greater of (a) 4% of the New Balance (rounded up to the nearest whole dollar) plus all past due amounts and any Late Payment Fee, Returned Payment Fee, or unpaid ACH Service Fee incurred during the previous Billing Cycle; or (b) $19 (or any amount less than $19 needed to pay your Account balance in full). The New Balance used to determine your Minimum Payment Due includes Regular Credit Plan transactions and Promotional Credit Plan balances (see Section 9 below for a description of Credit Plans).
7. SKIP-PAYMENT OPTION. At our sole option, we may allow you to skip payment of the Minimum Payment Due for a certain Billing Cycle. During any Skip-Payment period, Interest Charges will continue to accumulate on the unpaid balance of your Account, but no Late Payment Fee will be assessed. At the end of any Skip-Payment period, the Minimum Payment terms of this Agreement that would have applied were it not for the Skip-Payment feature, will automatically resume. Taking advantage of the Skip-Payment option will not extend the Delay Period for special Promotional Credit Plans.
8. METHODS OF PAYMENT. Payments received at CFNA by 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on a business day are credited to your Account as of that day. You may pay your Account by mail, by telephone or on-line. If paying by mail, send your personal check or money order, payable in U.S. dollars, to Credit First N.A. at the payment address shown on your Statement. Include your payment stub and do not send cash. You agree not to send us any check marked "payment in full" or with similar terms or other conditions. If you do, the check must be sent to our Dispute Resolution Department at a separate address for Inquiries specified on your Statement. We can accept such checks or late or partial payments without losing our right to receive the full amount owing on your Account. If paying by telephone, utilize our automated payment system at 800-321-3950. If paying on-line, log on to www.CFNA.com. Follow all of the instructions for making a payment specified on your Statement. Any payment that does not conform to these requirements may not be credited to your Account for up to five days, or may be rejected.
A. Regular Credit Plan. You may use your Account for transactions that may or may not be subject to Promotional Credit Plan terms. Any balance of transactions not subject to Promotional Credit Plan terms will be part of your Regular Credit Plan and treated as your "Revolving Balance."
B. Promotional Credit Plans. At our option, we may offer Promotional Credit Plans. Any Promotional Credit Plan may apply for a limited period of time. Our rights and your responsibilities will change if you make a qualifying purchase under a Promotional Credit Plan. If you participate, the applicable Promotional Credit Plan terms will be given to you in a separate document. Promotional Credit Plan terms temporarily modify certain terms of this Agreement for qualifying purchases, and all other terms of this Agreement remain unchanged. Any temporary modification of Agreement terms for Promotional Credit Plans will not limit or affect any other rights we have under this Agreement or applicable law.
10. APPLICATION OF PAYMENTS. We apply payments first to previously billed Interest Charges; then to your purchases. The application of payments may be amended by Promotional Credit Terms. Except as otherwise prohibited, we will apply payments equal to or less than the required Minimum Payment amount and any credits to balances on your Account in a way that is deemed appropriate by us. We will also follow the requirements of applicable law when allocating your payments.
11. INTEREST CHARGES. We will calculate periodic Interest Charges on your Account for each Billing Cycle by multiplying a monthly periodic rate ("Periodic Interest Rate") by the Average Daily Balance (including new transactions) on your Account. A Periodic Interest Rate is one-twelfth of its corresponding Annual Percentage Rate ("APR"). We will charge you a minimum Interest Charge of $1 for any Billing Cycle in which an Interest Charge of less than $1 would otherwise be imposed.
A. Periodic Interest Rate; Interest Rate. The Periodic Interest Rate that applies to your Revolving Balance is 1.9% (corresponding APR 22.8%) ("Interest Rate").
B. How We Calculate Average Daily Balance Subject to Periodic Interest Charges. To get the Average Daily Balance for your Revolving Balance, we first must determine the daily balance for your Revolving Balance. To get the daily balance, we take the beginning Revolving Balance of your Account each day. Then we subtract any payments or credits applied to your Revolving Balance, and any unpaid Interest Charges. We add to that amount any new Regular Credit Plan transactions, Late Payment Fees, credit insurance, debt cancellation charges and other Account fees and administrative charges. We then add up all the daily balances and divide by the number of days in the Billing Cycle. This gives us the Average Daily Balance for your Revolving Balance. We do not charge Interest Charges on unpaid Interest Charges, that is, we do not compound Interest Charges.
C. When Interest Charges Begin to Accumulate. Interest Charges accumulate on each purchase from the later of (a) the date of the transaction or (b) the first day of the Billing Cycle in which the transaction posts to your Account. However, we do not assess Interest Charges in the following circumstances:
- If you paid the New Balance at the beginning of your previous Billing Cycle by the Payment Due Date during that previous Billing Cycle (or if that New Balance was $0 or a credit balance), then:
- if you pay the New Balance on your current Monthly Statement in full by the Payment Due Date in your current Billing Cycle, we will not impose Interest Charges on Purchases during your current Billing Cycle, and
- if you make a payment that is less than the New Balance by the Payment Due Date in your current Billing Cycle, we will credit that payment as of the first day in your current Billing Cycle.
- If you had a New Balance at the beginning of your previous Billing Cycle and you did not pay that New Balance by the Payment Due Date during that previous Billing Cycle, then we will not charge Interest Charges on any Purchases during the current Billing Cycle if you pay the New Balance at the beginning of your current Billing Cycle by the Payment Due Date in your current Billing Cycle.
A. Late Payment Fee. If we do not receive at least the Minimum Payment Due by 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on your Payment Due Date we may add to your Account a Late Payment Fee of $15 if your New Balance is less than $100, $25 if your New Balance is $100 or more, and $35 if your New Balance is $100 or more and you did not make the Minimum Payment in any of the prior six Billing Cycles by the Payment Due Date. However, the Late Payment Fee will never exceed the amount of your required Minimum Payment to which the Late Payment Fee relates. Any Late Payment Fee assessed will be added to the Revolving Balance on your Account.
B. Returned Payment Fee. If your payment check, ACH, electronic debit or other instrument is dishonored by your bank or must be returned for any reason, we will add a Returned Payment Fee of $25, or $35 if you had a returned payment in any of the six prior Billing Cycles, to the Revolving Balance of your Account. However, the Returned Payment Fee will never exceed the amount of your most recent required Minimum Payment.
C. ACH Service Fee. Each time you ask a customer service representative to assist you in making an expedited automated payment from your bank account (i.e. an automated clearinghouse or "ACH" transaction), when permissible, we may add a service fee to the Revolving Balance of your Account. The amount of the fee will be disclosed at the time you request the service.
13. DEFAULT. Your Account will be in default if you fail to do something that this Agreement requires of you, subject to any restrictions under applicable law. If that happens, we may tell you to pay us immediately everything you owe under the Account and applicable law. We will tell you in advance and/or give you an opportunity to cure your default only if applicable law requires us to do so.
14. LOST OR STOLEN CARD OR IDENTITY THEFT. If you notice the loss or theft of your credit card or a possible unauthorized use of your card (including suspected identity theft), you should write to us immediately at CFNA, BK-11/Customer Service, P.O. Box 81315, Cleveland, Ohio 44181-0315 or call us at 800-321-3950. You will not be liable for any unauthorized use that occurs after you notify us. You may, however, be liable for unauthorized use that occurs before your notice to us. In any case, your liability will not exceed $50.
15. HOW TO CANCEL YOUR ACCOUNT. You (either of you if more than one) may cancel your Account at any time. Cut each Card in half and send us the pieces with a letter telling us you want to cancel your Account. This includes each Card you gave to others. Send us the letter and Card pieces at the address shown on your Statement. You still must pay the full amount you owe us.
16. WE HAVE THE RIGHT TO CANCEL YOUR ACCOUNT. We may cancel your Account and Cards at any time for any reason. Any Card issued for your Account must be cut in half and the pieces sent to us if we ask. This includes each Card you gave to others. You cannot use a Card after we ask you to return it. You still must pay the full amount you owe us, and this Agreement will continue to apply to any unpaid balance.
17. CREDIT AUTHORIZATIONS. We will authorize all Account purchases in advance. A merchant may ask you to provide identification. We may not be able to authorize a transaction, even if you have sufficient available credit, for example if our authorization system is not working or if we suspect possible fraud. We will not be liable to you if this occurs. We may not authorize a transaction if your Account is over your Credit Limit or delinquent; if we authorize such a transaction, we do not consider it to be an increase in your Credit Limit. We are not responsible if any merchant refuses to accept or honor your Credit Card.
18. CREDIT INVESTIGATION AND CREDIT REPORTS. You hereby authorize us to investigate your credit record. You agree that a credit report may be requested in connection with the processing of an application for credit, and subsequently in connection with any extension of credit, or any consideration of an increase to your credit limit, or any renewal or update of your Account, or to take collection action on the Account, or to investigate disputes regarding the Account. You also authorize us to furnish information concerning the status and payment history of your Account to credit bureaus and other creditors. If you believe that we have reported inaccurate information about you to a credit reporting agency, please contact us at CFNA, BK-11/Customer Service, P.O. Box 81315, Cleveland, Ohio 44181-0315. In doing so, please provide your Account number, name, address, phone number, any other supporting documentation and specify the inaccurate information and tell us why you believe it is incorrect. If you have a copy of the credit report that includes the inaccurate information, please send a copy of that report to us as well.
19. PHONE CALLS. You authorize us, or our servicers, assignees, or third party debt collectors to contact you by telephone about your Account. You agree that we may call you about your Account using an automatic dialing - announcing device and that these calls will not be "unsolicited" calls for purposes of state or federal law. You understand and agree that by providing us with a wireless telephone number, you consent to receiving autodialed and prerecorded message calls from us or our servicers, assignees, or third party debt collector at that number. From time to time, we may monitor and/or record telephone calls between you and us to assure the quality of our customer service. You agree that monitoring and/or recording may be done and that no additional notice to you or additional approval from you is needed.
20. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and your Account are governed by federal law applicable to a national bank and, to the extent not preempted by federal law, the laws of Ohio, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions. This is the law we mean when we refer in this Agreement to a term that may be permitted or required by applicable law. We have accepted this Agreement in Ohio.
21. RESPONSIBILITY FOR GOODS AND SERVICES. We are not responsible for the goods and services purchased with the Credit Card. You agree to settle all disputes arising from purchases directly with the merchant who honored the Credit Card and, except as required by applicable law, to pay us all amounts required by this Agreement despite such disputes. You agree to notify us within 30 days after the occurrence of an event giving rise to a product or service dispute.
22. WAIVER. We may, at our discretion from time to time without notice, waive any of our rights under this Agreement in certain circumstances. We can waive our rights without affecting our other rights. If we waive any right, we do not waive the same right in other circumstances or at other times.
23. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is finally determined to be unenforceable under any law, rule, or regulation, all other provisions of this Agreement will still be valid and enforceable.
24. ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNT. We may sell, assign or transfer your Account or any interest we hold in your Account without notice to you. You may not sell, assign or transfer your Account.
25. CHANGE IN TERMS. We may change the terms of this Agreement at any time, and we may add or delete terms in this Agreement. These changes may include, for example, Interest Charge rates, fees and this Change in Terms provision. We will give you notice of any change as required by applicable law. Any change will apply on and after its effective date to new transactions and existing balances on your Account, except as limited by applicable law.
26. DEBT CANCELLATION. Your purchase of any debt cancellation product that we offer is optional. Whether or not you purchase this product does not affect our decisions about your credit. The Debt Cancellation Terms of any debt cancellation product that we offer and you elect to purchase, and any other related disclosures, are provided separately from this Agreement.
27. ARBITRATION. For purposes of this Arbitration Section, the terms "we," "us" and "our" refer to Credit First National Association, its parents, wholly or majority owned subsidiaries, affiliates, predecessors, successors, assigns, employees, officers and directors. If either you or we choose arbitration, neither you nor we will have the right to litigate that claim in court or to have a jury trial on that claim, or to engage in pre-arbitration discovery, except as provided for in the arbitration rules of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA"). In addition, you will not have the right to participate as a representative or member of any class of claimants related to any claim subject to arbitration. The arbitrator's decision will generally be final and binding. Other rights that you would have if you went to court may also not be available in arbitration. It is important that you read the entire arbitration provision carefully before accepting the terms of this Agreement.
A "Claim" is any pre-existing, present, or future claim, dispute, or controversy of any kind (including but not limited to constitutional, statutory, regulatory, common law, contract, tort and equitable claims) arising from or relating to (a) the credit offered or provided to you or requested by you, (b) the actions of you, us or third parties, or (c) the validity or meaning of this arbitration provision and every other provision in this Agreement.
You agree that either you or we can choose to have any Claim resolved by binding arbitration. You and we acknowledge that each waives the right or opportunity to litigate a Claim in a court of law, and that each agrees to resolve any Claims arising out of this Agreement through binding arbitration. This Section does not apply to any of our regular Account collection efforts. If this Section (or any part of it) is determined invalid or illegal under any applicable statute or rule of law, it will be deemed omitted without affecting any other provisions of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.
There shall be no authority for any Claims to be arbitrated on a class action basis. An arbitration can only decide our or your Claim and may not consolidate or join the claims of other persons who may have similar claims. Any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the AAA's rules applicable to consumer disputes. For additional information go to: http://www.adr.org/.
Any arbitration hearing that you attend will take place in the federal judicial district where you reside. At your request, we will advance the first $250 of the filing and hearing fees for any Claim you may file against us; the arbitrator will decide whether we or you will ultimately pay those fees. This arbitration agreement is made pursuant to a transaction involving interstate commerce and shall be governed by the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. Sections 1-16. The arbitrator shall apply applicable substantive law consistent with the Federal Arbitration Act and applicable statutes of limitations, and shall honor claims of privilege recognized at law. This arbitration provision shall survive repayment of your extension of credit and termination of your Account.
Judgment upon the award may be entered in any court of law of competent jurisdiction.
You can reject this Arbitration Section if you write to us within 30 days after we open your Account. Send a letter that you do not agree to the Arbitration Section. The letter must include your name, address and Account number. Mail the letter to CFNA, BK-12/Legal, P.O. Box 81315, Cleveland, Ohio 44181-0315. This is the only way you can reject the Arbitration Section. If you reject the Arbitration Section, all other parts of this Agreement still apply to your Account.
28. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement, including the Related Documents incorporated by reference into it, is the entire agreement between you and us relating to your Account. This Agreement replaces any other agreement relating to your Account that you and we made earlier or at the same time. If any of the Related Documents has any information that is not the same as information in this Agreement, we will follow this Agreement unless the other document says we should follow that document.
SIGNATURES. Your handwritten, electronic or digital signature on any document you sign in connection with the use of your Card or Account represents your signature on this Agreement.
Dean S. Miller
California Residents: If you are married, you may apply for a separate account.
New York Residents: Upon your request, you will be informed of whether or not a credit report was ordered, and if it was, you will be given the name and address of the consumer reporting agency that furnished the report.
Ohio Residents: Ohio laws against discrimination require that all creditors make credit equally available to all credit worthy customers, and that credit reporting agencies maintain separate credit histories on each individual upon request. The Ohio Civil Rights Commission administers compliance with this law.
Married Wisconsin Residents: No provision of any marital property agreement, unilateral statement under Section 766.59 of the Wisconsin statutes or court order under Section 766.70 adversely affects the interest of CFNA, unless CFNA, prior to the time credit is granted is furnished a copy of the agreement, statement or decree or has actual knowledge of the adverse provision when the obligation to CFNA is incurred.
NJ Residents: Certain provisions of this Agreement are subject to applicable law. As a result, they may be void, unenforceable or inapplicable in some jurisdictions. None of these provisions, however, are void, unenforceable or inapplicable in New Jersey.
YOUR BILLING RIGHTS - KEEP THIS DOCUMENT FOR FUTURE USE. This notice tells you about your rights and our responsibilities under the Fair Credit Billing Act.
What To Do If You Find A Mistake On Your Statement
If you think there is an error on your statement, write to us at CFNA, BK-11/Customer Service, P.O. Box 81315, Cleveland, Ohio 44181-0315.
In your letter, give us the following information:
- Account information: Your name and account number.
- Dollar amount: The dollar amount of the suspected error.
- Description of problem: If you think there is an error on your bill, describe what you believe is wrong and why you believe it is a mistake.
- Within 60 days after the error appeared on your statement.
- At least 3 business days before an automated payment is scheduled, if you want to stop payment on the amount you think is wrong.
You must notify us of any potential errors in writing. You may call us, but if you do we are not required to investigate any potential errors and you may have to pay the amount in question.
What Will Happen After We Receive Your Letter
When we receive your letter, we must do two things:
- Within 30 days of receiving your letter, we must tell you that we received your letter. We will also tell you if we have already corrected the error.
- Within 90 days of receiving your letter, we must either correct the error or explain to you why we believe the bill is correct.
While we investigate whether or not there has been an error:
- We cannot try to collect the amount in question, or report you as delinquent on that amount.
- The charge in question may remain on your statement, and we may continue to charge you interest on that amount.
- While you do not have to pay the amount in question, you are responsible for the remainder of your balance.
- We can apply any unpaid amount against your credit limit.
After we finish our investigation, one of two things will happen:
- If we made a mistake: You will not have to pay the amount in question or any interest or other fees related to that amount.
- If we do not believe there was a mistake: You will have to pay the amount in question, along with applicable interest and fees. We will send you a statement of the amount you owe and the date payment is due. We may then report you as delinquent if you do not pay the amount we think you owe.
If you receive our explanation but still believe your bill is wrong, you must write to us within 10 days telling us that you still refuse to pay. If you do so, we cannot report you as delinquent without also reporting that you are questioning your bill. We must tell you the name of anyone to whom we reported you as delinquent, and we must let those organizations know when the matter has been settled between us. If we do not follow all of the rules above, you do not have to pay the first $50 of the amount you question even if your bill is correct.
Your Rights If You Are Dissatisfied With Your Credit Card Purchases
If you are dissatisfied with the goods or services that you have purchased with your credit card, and you have tried in good faith to correct the problem with the merchant, you may have the right not to pay the remaining amount due on the purchase.
To use this right, all of the following must be true:
- The purchase must have been made in your home state or within 100 miles of your current mailing address, and the purchase price must have been more than $50. (Note: Neither of these are necessary if your purchase was based on an advertisement we mailed to you, or if we own the company that sold you the goods or services.)
- You must have used your credit card for the purchase.
- You must not yet have fully paid for the purchase.
If all of the criteria above are met and you are still dissatisfied with the purchase, contact us in writing at CFNA, BK-11/Customer Service, P.O. Box 81315, Cleveland, Ohio 44181-0315.
While we investigate, the same rules apply to the disputed amount as discussed above. After we finish our investigation, we will tell you our decision. At that point, if we think you owe an amount and you do not pay, we may report you as delinquent.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, Federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens a new account. What this means for you: When you open an account, we will ask for your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. We may also ask to see your driver's license or other identifying documents.
Consent to Electronic Communications
Consent to Electronic Communications
In order to complete your online application for a CFNA account, you must consent to us providing you the Credit Card Agreement and Privacy Notice electronically. You will need the following in order to access and retain the Credit Card Agreement and Privacy Notice: software as described at the end of this consent, and a means to print or electronically store information through your browser software. You will also need a personal computer or other device capable of connecting to the Internet that supports the foregoing requirements.
You acknowledge that by clicking the "Submit Application" button on our website you are indicating your intent to receive the Credit Card Agreement and Privacy Notice electronically, that you have the software and equipment that satisfies the requirements above, and that you have received the Credit Card Agreement and Privacy Notice through the links on this page and either printed a copy, or downloaded a copy for your records. To withdraw your consent do not accept nor continue this online application process.
Upon your request, and at no cost to you, we will send you a paper copy of the Credit Card Agreement or Privacy Notice that we provided to you electronically. If you would like to request a paper copy of any of these documents, please write us at Credit First N.A., P.O. Box 81315, Cleveland, OH 44181-0315. You can also update your contact information at this address.
You acknowledge that by clicking on the "Submit Application" button on our website, you are indicating your intent to apply to CFNA for a credit card, and that you are indicating your intent to sign the relevant document or record and that this shall constitute your signature.
You agree that your Consent is being provided in connection with a transaction affecting interstate commerce that is subject to the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act ("eSign Act"), and that you and we both intend that the eSign Act apply to the fullest extent possible to validate our ability to conduct business with you by electronic means.
Software Requirements:
For PC using Windows, Vista, Win 7 or Win 8, one of the following- Microsoft Internet Explorer 9, 10 or 11
- Firefox 31
- Chrome 29 and above
For PC using Windows XP, one of the following- Firefox 31
- Chrome 29 and above
For Macintosh using OS 10.x, one of the following- Safari 7
- Firefox 31
- Chrome 29 and above
- An e-mail address that sends and receives messages
Privacy Notice
Privacy Notice
- Social Security number and income
- account balances and payment history
- credit history and purchase history
- Call 1-800-843-3449 and provide your name, account number, last four digits of your Social Security number and phone number.
If you are a new customer, we can begin sharing your information 30 days from the date we provide this notice. When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.
However, you can contact us at any time to limit our sharing.
- open an account or give us your contact information
- pay your bills or give us your income information
- use your credit card
- sharing for affiliates' everyday business purposes—information about your creditworthiness
- affiliates from using your information to market to you
- sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you
- Our affiliates include companies with a Bridgestone and Firestone name, and nonfinancial companies such as Tires Plus, Wheel Works, Expert Tire, and Hibdon Tire.
- Nonaffiliates we share with can include independent retailers, insurance providers, direct marketing companies, and merchandise vendors.
- Our joint marketing partners may include insurance providers.
1. Use
Use of this website (the "Site") constitutes your consent to the collection and use of the information as described in this Privacy Policy as modified from time to time by CFNA.
2. Registration
To use this Site, or certain portions or features of this Site, you may be required to first complete an online registration form. During registration you may be prompted to provide to CFNA with certain personal information, including, but not limited to, your name, address, phone number, e-mail address and account information. Becoming a registered user enables you to review confidential account information for the service(s) for which you are enrolled and perform other confidential transactions.
3. Browsing
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English is not my native language. When I speak to my friends in English, they understand, but native-English-speakers sometimes don't understand. Are my friends more intelligent?
This is a problem in all languages, of course, not only English. The better you know a language, the more possibilities you know. If you take one word, and change its pronunciation just a little, it may have another meaning. In fact, to a native-speaker one word may have many different meanings, depending on the exact pronunciation and/or context. So if you don't pronounce a word correctly, or you use it in the wrong context, a native speaker has to consider perhaps ten or more different meanings that your sentence may have. To you and your friends it's simple, because you think there is only one meaning. But the native-speaker has to calculate many possible combinations or "permutations", like a computer. That's why he or she may seem a little "stupid" to you!

subset: commoncrawl


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23 May 2007
Magnets may make the brain grow stronger
Could magnets make the mind grow stronger? In mice at least, stimulating the brain with a magnetic coil appears to promote the growth of new neurons in areas associated with learning and memory. If the effect is confirmed in humans, it might open up new ways of treating age-related memory decline and diseases like Alzheimer's.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used experimentally to treat a range of brain disorders, including depression and schizophrenia, and to rehabilitate people after a stroke. TMS uses a magnetic coil to induce electric fields in the brain tissue – activating or deactivating groups of neurons, although the exact mechanism has remained unknown. One theory was that it aided learning and memory by strengthening brain circuits through a process called long-term potentiation (LTP).
To investigate, Fortunato Battaglia at the City University of New York and his colleagues gave mice TMS for five days, then analysed their brains for evidence of LTP or cell proliferation.
They confirmed that TMS enhanced LTP in all areas of the brain tested, by modifying key glutamate receptors so that they stayed active for longer. The team also saw large increases in the proliferation of stem cells in the dentate gyrus hippocampus. These cells divide throughout life and are now believed to play a crucial role in memory and mood regulation (See "Memories are made of this?").
Magnetic stimulation modified key glutamate receptors so that they stayed active for longer
"The effect on the stem cells is the most exciting finding," says Battaglia, who presented his results at a meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Boston earlier this month. Physical exercise and some antidepressants


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You might recall reading about Atos, a major European tech player, whose CEO Thierry Breton rolled out an 18 month plan to ban internal email. It sounded slightly mad, but it's working — in part because it forces people to work more closely together and explore less static forms of communication.
Here's the thing, Breton could come to be seen as a leading figure for a new way of organising employees and projects. Forget employee of the month, we're entering the era of team of the month and, if you do it right, it'll never be the same team twice.
The reason turning off email has worked so well for Atos is because we live in a time where there technologies that make email look like a slow lumbering dinosaur. Think about how much time you spend emailing your friends versus how much you spend interacting with them on social networks, or instant messaging services. Why should work be any different.
According to tech research company Gartner, applying this logic to the workplace could help foster a culture of what it calls "extreme collaboration".
Doing so, it says, can "dramatically innovate the way people behave, communicate, work together and maintain relationships — often across wide organizational and geographic boundaries". That's what makes this form of collaboration so extreme. It shatters internal company boundaries that would have once been impenetrable.
The research comp
1. Foster the use of virtual, web-based collaboration spaces in people's daily jobs
One way to spur novel forms of collaboration is to select an activity currently handled through traditional methods, such face-to-face meetings or email, and encourage it to take place in a virtual, likely web-based, collaboration space instead.
These environments are easily accessed and almost always available. Virtual environments used to host such spaces can range from process collaboration environments to social networks or on-premises collaborative and social media tools.
2. Exploit the value of near-real-time communication addiction
Let's face it, we're addicted to our devices and the communication tools on them: instant messaging, social networking and texting. Gartner reckons that businesses should embrace and encourage such behaviour.
Establishing real-time communication habits in the workplace enables a freer flow of information and more proactive notifications, so that people can respond more quickly to unexpected events.
More formal communication channels that run up and down the organisational hierarchy, or through defined email and need-to-know distribution lists can result in significant delays and frequently don't convey the intended message clearly enough. Real-time communication can help smash through the hierarchy of a business, which is frequently the cause of the delays.
3. Use crowdsourcing and popular social media tools to foster communities and collaboration
One good way to kick-start the mind-set for extreme collaboration is to host a "tweet jam" to trigger a dynamic community to brainstorm on a problem. This involves simply setting a time and topic, and encouraging people to participate and get working.
Unlike a conversation in a meeting room, everything is captured so there's a clear record of what was discussed, who contributed ideas, and which participants excelled at facilitating discussions and problem-solving.
Crowdsourcing is also proving to be very effective for bringing together people — who often didn't previously know each other — to tackle shared problems.
4. Reward collaboration
Traditional management styles are ineffective, largely because they discourage collaboration by rewarding individual efforts to deliver specific, one-time outcomes, rather than rewarding collaboration and team efforts.
You should instead reward collaborative behaviour that contributes to resolving complex problems, in addition to rewarding individual who've delivered the good.
Design performance evaluations and incentives to foster teamwork and reward exceptional collaborators. The use of collaboration technologies also makes it easier to track collaborative behaviour and see how successful it's been.
5. Use social network analysis to measure collaborative behaviour
Another way to measure and reward collaborative behaviour is to track how people interact. Social network analysis (SNA) can help you monitor people's social network influence.
You have to foster a culture of openness, trust and mutual respect and SNA is a technique to help identify strong social networks where a foundation of trust and respect exist.
Once such networks are identified, you should try to leverage these relationships by asking these groups of people to pool their collective strengths to address some critical challenges. Other social, mobile and cloud technologies will also provide new ways to track how and where people have collaborated and to measure what happened.
6. Plan group events to kick-start real-time communication and collaboration
A few simple steps can help force people out of their "comfort zones" to experiment with new ways of collaborating and interacting, including:
To break the habit, organisations should try turning off email for a defined interval of time, ensuring that alternatives are in place and easy to use. Such experiments will force people to use social networks and real-time communication in ways they haven't before.


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Codebreaker Alert/Sexy Soy Man Update
Mike Dronkers / Thursday, Feb. 23, 2012 @ 9:57 a.m.
Listener Kristina writes:
"Changing each letter to the letter before it in the alphabet changed the first, third and fourth words to "Damn, sexy, sexy." Turned the other words into more jibberish though."
Somebody on Craiglist is trying to get some quality time with her "sexy tribal groovemaster."
We think it's Absynth Quintet's Tofu Mike. Now, the plot thickens with a tantalizing code.
From Craigslist Humboldt:
Re: Sexy Soy Man, Make Me Shake It! - w4m - 29
Date: 2012-02-21, 9:43AM PSTReply to: firstname.lastname@example.com
I'm far too shy to reply, but crack the code and you'll soon know why:Ebno kvnt tfyz, tfyz tpkbt wisjfuj. Mveav, Mveav, bqmjfu tp vhvothsflv. Jahsjfau dbvsvnv mfev, mflu vefoj bs nboj. Ubt js bvltut, cfu ubt js kbvlj.Can't wait to see you on march 2, please stay late....Lavender Rain


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Illinois Public Media
The latest content from Illinois Public Media
Illinois Pioneers
Mid-American Gardener
Mid-American Gardener: Apple Scabs, Japanese Maples, Peach Trees
WILL Highlights
A short film series examining the severe underrepresentation of African-Americans in the sciences.
Classic Mornings
Get more out of your classical music experience and check out Vic Di Geronimo's blog.
ART/BTS wins 2 Tellys
For the second year in a row, the web series brought home both a Silver and Bronze Telly award.


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Please help us! Donate
Stacy Erwin Oakes' Issue Positions (Political Courage Test)
Project Vote Smart does not permit the use of its name or programs in any campaign activity, including advertising, debates, and speeches.
Stacy Erwin Oakes has refused to provide voters with positions on key issues covered by the 2014 Political Courage Test, despite repeated requests.


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(Editor's Note: While Mike Causey is on vacation, we revisit one of his recent columns, originally published on June 1, 2012.)
I was once in a situation where our union went out on strike (and tried to burn down the plant before leaving). Not a fun time.
After a few days' reflection, the majority of union members decided the cause wasn't just. And the attempt at sabotage was insane. So we decided to return to work. The urge to continue to eat and pay the rent was a major factor. So you had most of the union members inside, working, with a handful outside on the picket line. Except for one guy…
Earn 1 CPE credit and learn about the expansion of risk management in government with analysis from GAO and Justice OIG. Register now for the free webinar.
This one person, a real union firebrand, did it another way. He struck while he worked.
He returned to work but wore an arm-band. When asked what it was, he said it meant he was actually on strike. He was working for (and getting paid by) the company that he was striking against. But instead of walking the picket line, he sat in front of his word-processor near what was known as the Foreign Desk.
Asked how he could be physically inside — with those who were still working — yet morally outside, with his fellow picketers, he responded that he was "striking from within."
You had to admire his, uh, something!
I've been thinking about his tactics lately as Congress prepares to kick the sap out of federal and postal workers. The administration imposed the two-year pay freeze. Congress has taken it from there. While it hasn't actually done anything dreadful, yet, the threats are out there. To future pay raises, if any, to the retirement package, you name it. It is in the works, or under consideration.
Some, all or none of it may happen. Last year was a roller-coaster for feds who paid attention. In the end — despite White House panels, citizens groups and bipartisan congressional committees — absolutely nothing happened. But it is all still out there. Because this is an election year, that could mean feds will get slammed before November, or left to the lame-duck or next Congress.
What is different this time is the absence of friends, visible and vocal friends, from Congress.
In past years the drill has been that when feds are attacked (usually but not always by Republican politicians) a group of Democrats — from the D.C. area, Maryland, Virginia, Washington state, etc. — comes to the rescue. They are usually joined by a small number of GOP House members from Virginia and other fed-heavy states and congressional district. Unions quietly give the daring Republicans donations and political support.
This time out, however, the friends-of-feds are hard to find. We know who they are (or at least were) but we don't hear so much from them. Not like in the old days (during the Bush administration).
Most Washington area members of the House are in pretty safe seats. Maryland is a solidly blue state. Montgomery County, Md., for instance, does not have a single Republican in any elected office!
Virginia is considered more purple (a mixture of blue and red). The powerful and populous Northern Virginia area which was once part of the 100 square mile District of Columbia, is blue and getting bluer. Because it has so many federal workers (and contractors who depend on the government), it is much bluer than the rest of the state.
Still, it is hard to find politicians — at least up until now — who are literally standing up for feds. Maybe they are fighting the good fight behind closed doors, in the executive sessions of committees and conferences. That is often the way. If so, some relief for feds may be on the way.
But if they are indeed quietly supporting feds, they are doing a very, very good job of not attracting attention to themselves. Like my brave, former co-worker who managed to strike while getting paid at the same time. It's an art!
Chuck E. Cheese, the mousy mascot of the chain of children's pizza restaurants, has received a makeover, according to the AP. After 35 years and various other brand reinventions, the mascot's "revamped image" is that of a "hip, electric-guitar-playing rock star."
OPM continues cutting retirement backlog
For the third straight month, the Office of Personnel Management received fewer federal retirement claims than projected. That helped the agency to continue cutting a longstanding backlog of claims.
Debilitating storm? No sweat for teleworking feds
Earlier this week, the government offered unscheduled leave and encouraged people to telework after a major storm knocked out power around the Washington, D.C. area. "At the USPTO, if an individual has a telework agreement in place and they've communicated their intent to telework to their supervisor, they can telework on a day that was not planned to be a telework day," said Danette Campbell, the senior telework adviser at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
VA stops downgrading its low-wage health care support staff
The Department of Veterans Affairs decided to halt downgrades of low-wage positions within the agency, according to the employee union representing the affected workers. The decision came after protesters marched from the steps of the VA building to Lafayette Square in front of the White House June 13, calling for a moratorium on the downgrades.
Federal News Radio presents a daily update of important moments in the history of the U.S. government.
Photos of the amazing, moving, important and amusing things happening in the federal community.
Mar 24, 2017 | Close | Change | YTD | |
L Income | 18.6930 | 0.0038 | 1.39% | |
G Fund | 15.2692 | 0.0010 | 0.38% | |
F Fund | 17.5973 | 0.0185 | 0.94% | |
C Fund | 32.4800 | -0.0266 | 5.95% | |
S Fund | 42.0464 | 0.0307 | 4.66% | |
I Fund | 26.3989 | 0.0716 | 4.37% | |
Closing price updated at approx 6pm EST. each business day. More at tsp.gov. |


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If you are the owner/manager of this business and would like to improve your listing, please submit a request.
If you would like to improve this listing, please contact us.
- Phone:
- 719-784-6152
Florence, CO 81226
- Course Type:
- Public
- Number of Holes:
- 9
Year Built:
Grass Type
Greens: Bent Grass
Walking Allowed?
Carts on Path Only?
Golf Course Amenities
Full Pro Shop w/Apparel
Practice Facilities
Pullcarts Available
Putting Green
Rental Clubs
Snack Bar
Teaching Pro


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Plans are starting to come together for a one day symposium on Scottish Genealogy Research to be held Friday August 22, 2014 at the Spring Hill Suites by Marriott in Vaughn, Toronto. They have four speakers confirmed, and each one will speak on a different aspect of Scottish Genealogy Research.
In addition, plans are being made to have a marketplace with a combination of genealogy vendors, clan representatives and hopefully a couple of Scottish vendors. More on this as this part of the day gets confirmed.
The topics will be Basic Scottish Research by John Thomson, DNA by Linda Reid, Scot Irish by Ruth Blair, and Tracking our Scots Emigrant Ancestors by Christine Woodcock.
Registration will open in February for the Scottish SIG Symposium. Hotel reservations are on a first come, first serve basis and are open now. More information will be sent to the SIG members on the market place and pricing details have been confirmed. The Symposium will be open to the public, with a reduced registration fee for OGS members.
For more information, please contact Christine Woodcock at email@example.com


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Our general interest e-newsletter keeps you up to date on a wide variety of health topics.
Phantom pain is pain that feels like it's coming from a body part that's no longer there. Doctors once believed this post-amputation phenomenon was a psychological problem, but experts now recognize that these real sensations originate in the spinal cord and brain.
Although phantom pain occurs most often in people who've had an arm or leg removed, the disorder may also occur after surgeries to remove other body parts, such as the breast, penis, eye or tongue.
For some people, phantom pain gets better over time without treatment. For others, managing phantom pain can be challenging. You and your doctor can work together to treat phantom pain effectively with medication or other therapies.
Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.
Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic.


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Registered User
Join Date: Feb 2000
Location: cape cod, duxbury, and boston harbor
Posts: 834
Jimmy, I thoroughly researched this same subject last year. spend acouple months checking online, then tried about a dozen in the water. my advice... PUNGO!!! bulletproof plastic, tracks as if it has a keel, is fast, and when you drag it onto the rocks to land it won't bring tears to your eyes. one of the guys around here had on on his car(wasn't tied down) that fell off at 35mph... no damage... if it was fiberglass, trashed. I myself screwed up last year and tied mine on my rack, but before I tied the front rope moved my explorer to make way for a boat to launch. the rope got caught in the front tire tread and literally folded the pungo in half!!!
man, I freaked out) there I am with my new yak on the roof rack and folded so it went over the drivers side window. I jumped out, cut the rope and threw the pungo on the ground(still freaking out). everyone at the ramp is looking at me sadly. I jump up and into the cockpit and pop!!! back in shape, A OK!!! whew! so if you're a space cadet like me or just want a great,fast,good tracking,fun,stable,durable, kayak to fish from ... Pungo!
but try a few out though, personal taste in yaks is like personal taste in women, some like lean and mean, some like big and comfy.
Tom D
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Co-Morbid Opioid Addiction and Chronic Pain ABSTRACT The primary goal of this K23 - Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award is to provide Dr. Amy Wachholtz, a clinical health psychologist, with the advanced research training, protected time for research, and mentored experiences necessary for her to become an independent researcher in developing and evaluating innovative treatments for opioid addiction and co-morbid pain that are integrative (pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatment) and novel (CBT and Self-Regulation Techniques). The candidate proposes a program of research and training to meet this career goal including: 1) developing knowledge about the psychological and physiological interactions between opioid addiction and pain , 2) increasing her knowledge about psychological and pharmacological treatment approaches to addiction, 3) building skills in psycho-social treatment development, 4) enhancing her understanding of advanced statistical techniques, and 5) building expertise in grant writing and grant administration. Dr. Wachholtz will be guided by her primary mentor, Gerardo Gonzalez, MD, and two co-mentors, Douglas Ziedonis, MD, MPH, and Martin Cheatle, PhD. Dr. Wachholtz will conduct two distinct studies in the area of co-morbid pain and opioid addiction. The first study (Pain Reactivity Study) is a laboratory study of 120 participants;90 with opioid addiction and chronic pain to identify the unique physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses to induced pain among those on methadone opioid maintenance treatment for opioid addiction (30 participants);on buprenorphine opioid maintenance treatment (30 participants), with an opioid addiction history but prolonged abstinence (6+ months) from opioids (30 participants), and 30 opioid naive participants. Based on findings from the first study, the second study (Intervention Study) will develop and pilot test 30 subjects in an integrated CBT + Self-Regulation psycho-social treatment for co-morbid opioid addiction and pain to decrease substance use, reduce pain, and decrease physiological reactivity to pain and distress. Results will inform a future R01 application to test an integrated treatment for co-morbid pain and opioid addiction. Successful completion of this K23 award will advance Dr. Wachholtz into a career as an independent researcher with the expertise to conduct clinical research trials to improve treatment for co-morbid opioid addiction and pain.
Opioid addiction and pain are common co-morbidities, and pain is strongly related to opioid addiction relapse, yet there is limited knowledge about the unique pain reactions among those with opioid addiction and few treatments. These studies will add to the current knowledge by 1) identifying unique bio-psycho-social responses to pain in those on opioid maintenance;and 2) using this information to develop a novel CBT+ self- regulation intervention to provide a much needed empirically validated treatment option for individuals with co- morbid opioid addiction and pain.
Showing the most recent 10 out of 19 publications


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Phone: 503-823-5185
Fax: 503-823-7576
1120 SW Fifth Ave, Suite 800, Portland, OR 97204
Phone: 503-823-5185
Fax: 503-823-7576
1120 SW Fifth Ave, Suite 800, Portland, OR 97204
This Thursday evening (11/14), Gordon Price will give a free presentation on the effective integration of transportation in high-density environments with an emphasis on land use. If you've seen Price speak before, fear not! He always has a new presentation and a trick or two up his sleeve.
Gordon's Canvas, aka Vancouver, BC |
Price is a former City of Vancouver, B.C. Councilor and current Simon Fraser University and University of British Columbia Professor who teaches, researches, and writes extensively on urban development and planning.
To learn more about Price check out his electronic magazine, Price Tags or his daily blog on Vancouver and worldwide urban affairs.
What: Gordon Price Presentation
When: Thursday 11/14, 6:40 – 8:40 p.m.
Where: Portland Building Auditorium, 1120 SW 5th Ave
Cost: Free and Open to the Public
Questions? Contact: Scott Cohen City of Portland Bureau of Transportation firstname.lastname@example.com (503) 823-5345


text: Kevin Garnett's Injury Can't Keep Him From Videobombing ReportersDom Cosentino4/25/12 2:35pmFiled to: Kevin GarnettBoston CelticsMiami HeatVideoNbaNewsKevin garnett videobomb1EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Kevin Garnett officially missed last night's game against the Heat with a hip flexor, an injury that shouldn't keep him out for much longer. Miami chose to rest its Big Three, while Boston also sat Rajon Rondo, Mickael Pietrus, and Greg Stiemsma. What you see above is pretty much the game's best highlight.Advertisement[The Basketball Jones]Reply1 repliesLeave a reply


text: Auditions for Duke's Annual Variety Show, Tricky Dick 4, are here! If you are interested in being a cast member please attend this informational meeting. We are looking for actors, singers, and dancers. No experience necessary! If you are at all curious about this year's production, please attend this meeting! Questions? Contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Contact this office:812-877-8442
< Back to Academics < Back to all News
April 4, 2014
Sharing A Love Of Science: "I get to wake up every morning and teach science to bright, motivated students," says Peter Coppinger, associate professor of applied biology and biomedical engineering. He helped plan the campus' new William Alfred Cook Laboratory for Bioscience Research. (Photo by Shawn Spence)
"Ever since I was a little kid, I was an amateur botanist, collecting wildflowers and identify them," says Peter Coppinger, PhD, associate professor of applied biology and biomedical engineering. "I've always loved plants."
That sense of scientific discovery is the focus of his teaching in the ever-changing world of biology. "I stress that science is a process, not a collection of facts," he says. "What makes science interesting is to learn how those facts came to be and how we made discoveries."
That means getting students into the field whenever possible. For example, he joined senior applied biology student Nathan Wheeler in discovering what's infecting trillium plants near Coppinger's Michigan hometown. This research could result in a published paper in the near future. Coppinger also started a project that teamed Rose-Hulman students with local high-school science students, studying the antimicrobial properties of tea.
The drive to inspire discovery also shows up through the Interdisciplinary Research Collaborative that Coppinger co-directs. It provides undergraduate students with special research opportunities each summer. And, finally, Coppinger helped plan the campus' new William Alfred Cook Laboratory for Bioscience Research, which provides students with hands-on research opportunities involving plant life, and new Synthetic Biology Laboratory, further expanding the department's laboratory facilities. He also has spent many summers as a faculty mentor for Rose-Hulman's Operation Catapult program, bringing high school seniors to share his love of science, and is the faculty advisor for the institute's Alpha Chi Sigma chapter.
Coppinger is living his dream of teaching at a small college, after earning his bachelor's degree in biology from Kalamazoo College. "I wanted a job where I could think and talk about science all day long," he says. "I knew I wanted to teach at a small college, where I could get to know the students and we could work together on exciting things. I get to wake up every morning and teach science to bright, motivated students. What more could I ask for?"


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Sunrisers Hyderabad, playing their first game in the IPL, put up a brave fight and successfully defended a small total, they posted on the board, to start off the 2013 season on a winning note. The home team, which posted 126 batting first, defeated Pune Warriors India by 22 runs thanks to Dale Steyn and Amit Mishra, who shared 6 wickets between them.
PWI, needing 127 runs to score their first points in the tournament, started circumspectly. Robin Uthappa (24) struck back to back boundaries before falling to Thisara Perera, giving the home team their first wicket. Perera struck again in his next over, removing Marlon Samuels (5) who edged it straight to Cameron White at first slip.
Mishra then dismissed Yuvraj Singh (2) stumped down the leg side when PWI required 79 runs to win in 10.1 overs. Mishra then had Manish Pandey (15) playing a wild slog to further mount the pressure.
Urgency from Ross Taylor (19) and Abhishek Nayar (19) helped PWI rebuild but Mishra struck again sending back Nayar to bag his third. PWI were given a double blow as Taylor and Mitchell Marsh (7) fell in quick succession. Steyn then wrapped it all up with three wickets in four balls as PWI fell 22 runs short.
Earlier, PWI won the toss and opted to field. The Sunrisers openers were kept quiet by disciplined bowling, giving away just 21 runs in the first four overs before Ashok Dinda castled Parthiv Patel (19) bringing captain Kumar Sangakara (15) to the middle. Sangakkara and Akshath Reddy (27) got on with the task of laying a foundation, but just as Sangakara started to get going, Rahul Sharma pegged his middle stump, providing PWI their second breakthrough.
PWI spinners strangled the Sunrisers' run flow and the home side struggled to find any sort of momentum. Yuvraj Singh then got rid of Reddy to further sink the home team. Perera (30) tried to add new life into the Sunrisers' innings with two gorgeous drives off Sharma, but wickets continued to fall as Samuels got Cameron White (10) caught on the fence. Perera showed his hard hitting abilities taking 14 of Samuel's 17th over before he too fell to become Dinda's second scalp. Sunrisers eventually finished at 126 for 6 from their 20 overs.
Man-of-the-Match: Amit Mishra
Brief Scores: Sunrisers Hyderabad 126-6 in 20.0 Overs (Thisara Perera 30, Ashok Dinda 2-29) beat Pune Warriors India 104 in 18.5 Overs (Robin Uthappa 24, Dale Steyn 3-11, Amit Mishra 3-19).


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"They share the pleasures of the flesh, and unleashed the horrors of the grave!" screamed the ads. The beautiful Marianne Morris and stunning Playboy centerfold Anulka star as bisexual seductresses who roam the English countryside with an insatiable lust for the blood of mortals as well as the succulent bodies of each other. Director José Ramón Larraz packs this landmark adult hit with chilling atmosphere, shocking bloodshed and some of the most torrid sexuality of any vampire movie in horror history.


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Product Description
WHOLESALE CUSTOMERS: This Organic Bacon is also available to our wholesale customers by the pallet quantity. Please contact us if you are interested in being a wholesale organic bacon customer. Click here to download our wholesale Organic Buttercroft Bacon™ PDF sell sheet.
Tendergrass Farms Uncured Organic Buttercroft Bacon™ is made from pork jowl. It's the ultimate hardwood smoked luxury bacon. Made only from organic pork raised on family farms with a vegetarian diet and no ractopamine (a beta-agonist growth promotant) or antibiotics – ever!
No nitrates or nitrites added (except for those naturally occurring in celery juice and sea salt).
This is a 6-pack of individual 1/2 pound packages. This product ships frozen in a cooler with dry ice. Keep frozen and use within one year.
Net Wt. 8 oz (226g) per pack.
Ingredients: Organic Pork, Water, Sea Salt, Organic Maple Sugar, Cultured Celery Juice.


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Probability and Permutations
When we talk about probability, we are talking about chance. We may use words like 'possible' to indicate something has a low to medium chance of happening, or 'probable' to indicate something has a high chance of happening.
When we perform calculations in probability we are generally looking at a situation to find the number of favorable outcomes in relation to the total number of all possible outcomes. In mathematics, a favorable outcome simply means the outcome we are looking to solve for. Over the course of 100 days a child may get ice-cream on 25 of those days. A mathematician would look at that data and conclude that the fraction of days when the child gets ice-cream is one-fourth. He may also conclude that on any day the child has a "one in four chance" of receiving ice-cream. This is one way to think about probability: the number of times something favorable happens divided by the total number of outcomes. We have no way of knowing for sure if the child is going to get ice-cream today, but we can estimate the chance that he will by looking at the number of times he did get ice-cream and the number of times he did not.
Real-World Application: Movies
Consider the example where Nadia and Peter are going to watch two movies on a rainy Saturday. Nadia will choose the first movie, and Peter gets to choose the second. The four movies they have to choose from are The Lion King, Aladdin, Toy Story and Pinocchio. Given that Peter will choose a different movie than Nadia, what is the probability that Aladdin is the second movie they will watch?
There are a total of 12 possible outcomes. Out of those 12, Aladdin was the second movie 3 times. So the probability is as follows:
\begin{align*}P(\text{Aladdin being second}) = \frac{3}{12} = \frac{1}{4} =\end{align*} one in four or 25%.
Real-World Application: "21 Hearts"
The card game "21 hearts" consists of dealing two cards to a player and counting the points as follows: face cards (King, Queen, Jack) are worth 10 points, and number cards are worth their face value except for aces, which are worth 11. The maximum score is 21. If the game is played only with the 13 cards in the hearts suit, what is the probability that a player will score 21?
To find the answer, we need to know two pieces of information: 1) the total number of permutations it's possible to get in the game and 2) the number of permutations that will score 21.
To find the total number of permutations for the game, use the formula \begin{align*}_nP_r\end{align*} with \begin{align*}n = 13\end{align*} and \begin{align*}r = 2\end{align*}:
\begin{align*}{_{13}}P_2 = \frac{13!}{(13-2)!} =\frac{13!}{11!}= 13 \times 12 = 156 \ \text{permutations}\end{align*}
Now we need to determine how many of those permutations score 21. We can do that by simply listing all ways to score 21. Remember, of course, that as we are talking about permutations, the combinations (ace, king) and (king, ace) each count as separate hands! The winning permutations are:
\begin{align*}& (\text{ace, king}) \qquad (\text{king, ace}) \qquad (\text{ace, queen}) \qquad (\text{queen, ace})\\ & (\text{ace, jack}) \qquad (\text{jack, ace}) \qquad \quad (\text{ace}, 10) \qquad \qquad (10, \text{ace})\end{align*}
There are 8 winning hands, so the probability of scoring 21 is given by:
\begin{align*}P(21) = \frac{8}{132} = \frac{2}{33}=\end{align*} two in thirty-three or approximately 6%.
Sometimes when looking at probability (especially in games of chance), there are too many wining permutations to calculate directly. In such circumstances it can be useful to remember that a player must either win or lose – it's impossible to do both! In these circumstances remember that:
\begin{align*}P(\text{winning}) + P(\text{losing}) = 1\end{align*}
Since it's certain that you'll either win or lose, the probability that you'll win and the probability that you'll lose add up to 1.
So to calculate the probability of losing we can use:
\begin{align*}P(\text{winning}) =1 - P(\text{losing})\end{align*}
Real-World Application: Funfair Games
A funfair game consists of throwing three darts at a board with 16 numbered squares in a \begin{align*}4 \times 4\end{align*} grid. The squares are numbered 1 through 16 and no number is repeated or omitted. In order to win a player needs to score 9 or more. If a dart hits a square that has already been taken or if a dart misses the board the player must throw the dart again. What are the chances of winning the game?
There are too many winning permutations to list easily, but there are only a few losing permutations. If you need a score of 9 or more to win, then you'll lose with a score of 8 or less. There are only four combinations of numbers that add up to 8 or less (remember that you can't repeat a number), and they can occur in any of the following orders:
\begin{align*}& \mathbf{1, 2, 3 (=6)} \qquad 1, 3, 2 \qquad 2, 1, 3 \qquad 2, 3, 1 \qquad 3, 1, 2 \qquad 3, 2, 1\\ & \mathbf{1, 2, 4 (=7)} \qquad 1, 4, 2 \qquad 2, 1, 4 \qquad 2, 4, 1 \qquad 4, 1, 2 \qquad 4, 2, 1\\ & \mathbf{1, 2, 5 (=8)} \qquad 1, 5, 2 \qquad 2, 1, 5 \qquad 2, 5, 1 \qquad 5, 1, 2 \qquad 5, 2, 1\\ & \mathbf{1, 3, 4 (=8)} \qquad 1, 4, 3 \qquad 3, 1, 4 \qquad 3, 4, 1 \qquad 4, 1, 3 \qquad 4, 3, 1\end{align*}
So there are 24 permutations totaling less than 9.
The total number of ways to choose 3 numbers out of 16 is
\begin{align*}{_{16}}P_3 = \frac{16!}{16-3!}= \frac{16!}{13!} = 16 \times 15 \times 14 = 3360 \ \text{permutations}\end{align*}
So the probability of losing the game is \begin{align*}\frac{24}{3360}\end{align*}, or \begin{align*}\frac{1}{140}\end{align*}. That means the probability of winning is:
\begin{align*}P(\text{winning}) = 1 - P(\text{losing}) = 1 - \frac{24}{3360} = 1 - \frac{1}{140} = \frac{139}{140}\end{align*} or approximately 99.3%.
Example 1
What is the probability that a randomly generated 3-letter arrangement of the letters \begin{align*}M\end{align*}, \begin{align*}M\end{align*}, and \begin{align*}O\end{align*} will result in spelling the word \begin{align*}MOM\end{align*}?
To find the probability, we first must describe the sample space. It might be tempting to think that the only possibilities are \begin{align*}MMO\end{align*}, \begin{align*}MOM\end{align*} and \begin{align*}OMM\end{align*}. However, we must treat each \begin{align*}M\end{align*} as an distinct letter. Let's think of them as \begin{align*}M_1\end{align*} and \begin{align*}M_2\end{align*}. Since we have 3 distinct objects and we want to order all three of them, this is:
\begin{align*}_3P_3=3!=3\cdot 2 \cdot 1=6\end{align*}
Thus, there are 6 ways to order the 3 letters. Let's see what that looks like:
\begin{align*} M_1 M_2 O \\ MOM=M_1 O M_2\\ M_2 M_1 O \\ MOM= M_2 O M_1\\ O M_1 M_2\\ O M_2 M_1\end{align*}
2 of these 6 orderings spell \begin{align*}MOM\end{align*}, which means the probability of spelling \begin{align*}MOM\end{align*} is:
\begin{align*}P(MOM)=\frac{2}{6}\approx 0.67\end{align*}.
For 1-5, find the number of permutations.
- \begin{align*}_5P_2\end{align*}
- \begin{align*}_9P_4\end{align*}
- \begin{align*}_{11}P_5\end{align*}
- How many ways can you plant a rose bush, a lavender bush and a hydrangea bush in a row?
- How many ways can you pick a president, a vice president, a secretary and a treasurer out of 28 people for student council?
For 6-10, find the probabilities.
- What is the probability that a randomly generated 3-letter arrangement of the letters A,E,L, Q and U will result in spelling the word EQUAL?
- What is the probability that a randomly generated 3-letter arrangement of the letters in the word SPIN ends with the letter N?
- A bag contains eight chips numbered 1 through 8. Two chips are drawn randomly from the bag and laid down in the order they were drawn. What is the probability that the 2-digit number formed is divisible by 3?
- A prepaid telephone calling card comes with a randomly selected 4-digit PIN, using the digits 1 through 9 without repeating any digits. What is the probability that the PIN for a card chosen at random does not contain the number 7?
- Janine makes a playlist of 8 songs and has her computer randomly shuffle them. If one song is by Little Bow Wow, what is the probability that this song will play first?
Review (Answers)
To view the Review answers, open this PDF file and look for section 13.4.


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Hahaha I was wondering the same thing!
Interesting that you felt that way, I felt totally the opposite. However, I was 16 and it was my very first Coachella which, as all vets know, can never be topped. I often wonder if it would have meant as much to me if I was older. Still, the performance will live on as a good one in my memory.


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San Francisco and San Diego - not to be missed Tea Places
Hey everyone!
I'm hoping that folks can point me in some good directions for "not to be missed" tea pleaces in San Fran and/or San Diego. We're going to be there in October and I'm hoping to get in to either a few tea shops or tea drinking places that anyone can suggest. I'm from Canada, so this is my chance to hit a few US places :) Appreciate any thoughts!
6 Replies
I've been drooling over some of the online offerings of Red Blossom Tea Company, based in S.F.


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(RNN) - The online marketplace website LivingSocial is the latest victim of cyber hacking.
The 50 million customers of the local daily deals website received emails from the company saying that they needed to reset their passwords.
"We recently experienced a cyberattack on our computer systems that resulted in unauthorized access to some customer date from our servers," LivingSocial CEO Tim O'Shaughnessy said in an internal memo obtained by the website Mashable.
The compromised data includes encrypted passwords, names, dates of birth and email addresses of customers. LivingSocial said customers' credit card information and the financial information of merchants using the site has not been affected.
The email sent to customers said "we are actively working with law enforcement to investigate this issue."
According to USA Today, all of the countries that Living Social is in were compromised except Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines.
LivingSocial has not had a great year - the company lost $650 million last year, despite earning $536 million in revenue, according to Mashable. In February, investors helped raise $110 million in financing.
Other websites that have recently been compromised in a cyberattack include LinkedIn, Evernote and Zappos.
The website helps customers find deals within their local areas and has more than 70 million members worldwide.
LivingSocial is a Washington D.C.-based company that is 29 percent owned by Amazon.
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battery voltage required for starting
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battery voltage required for starting
so this morning was the second time that I had a no start condition with my car. The first time it happened the car would just crank. I realized it fairly quickly and stopped it, then it started right up.
This morning it happened again. However I tried 5 or 6 times to start the car and it wouldn't start. All the lights, and everything came up and was working. Engine would just crank but not start. So I went into test mode and saw that the battery voltage was either 11.3 or 11.6. I check ed the voltage at the battery and it was 12.3. I ended up having to jump the car to get it started. Even then it took a few tries to get it started, and I could really hear it in the idle of the other car.
That was about an hour ago, I went out and had no trouble starting the car. Checked test mode and the battery voltage was 12.3, and it was 12.6 at the battery.
What I think caused this was I moved the car twice yesterday, so it ran for about 4 minutes. NOw I can't see how it would have made a difference this morning, but the auto headlights turned on and the defroster was on. But all of those, I know the headlights do, turn off when the car cranks.
So is this from just not running it long enough yesterday? Could it also be from the temperature being ~33 degrees over the previous night? This morning was closer to ~50 degrees out.
I take it the high compression engine needs alot of power to crank over and start. Seems like for what ever reason my battery was on the edge this morning?
Thinking that I will take it into the dealer this week and have it checked out just in case. In the mean time I am charging the battery.
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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Bratheferd Early OriginsThe surname Bratheferd was first found in Yorkshire where they held a family seat from very ancient times, some say well before the Norman Conquest and the arrival of Duke William at Hastings in 1066 A.D. Bratheferd Spelling VariationsBratheferd Spelling VariationsBefore English spelling was standardized a few hundred years ago, spelling variations of names were a common occurrence. Elements of Latin, French and other languages became incorporated into English through the Middle Ages, and name spellings changed even among the literate. The variations of the surname Bratheferd include Bradford, Bradeford, Braidford, Bradforde and others. Bratheferd Early HistoryBratheferd Early HistoryThis web page shows only a small excerpt of our Bratheferd research. Another 205 words (15 lines of text) covering the years 1206, 1590, 1657, 1624 and 1703 are included under the topic Early Bratheferd History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. Bratheferd Early Notables (pre 1700)Bratheferd Early Notables (pre 1700)Another 50 words (4 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Bratheferd Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. Bratheferd In IrelandBratheferd In IrelandSome of the Bratheferd family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. More information about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. The Great MigrationThe Great MigrationA great wave of immigration to the New World was the result of the enormous political and religious disarray that struck England at that time. Families left for the New World in extremely large numbers. The long journey was the end of many immigrants and many more arrived sick and starving. Still, those who made it were rewarded with an opportunity far greater than they had known at home in England. These emigrant families went on to make significant contributions to these emerging colonies in which they settled. Some of the first North American settlers carried this name or one of its variants: William Bradford of Yorkshire who arrived at Plymouth in 1621, aboard the Mayflower and, on the death of John Carver in 1621, was chosen leader of the Pilgrims, 2nd Governor of the Plymouth colony. His wife Dorothy died at sea, en-route to the Colony. Other settlers include: Henery Bradford, who came to Virginia in 1625. MottoMottoThe motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto. Motto: Fier et sage Motto Translation: Proud and Wise. Bratheferd Family Crest ProductsBratheferd Family Crest ProductsSee AlsoSee AlsoCitationsCitationsOther References
The Bratheferd Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Bratheferd Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname. This page was last modified on 4 September 2013 at 14:53. Sign Up
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Album Summary
- Patricia Bardon (Mezzo Soprano)
- Kim Begley (Tenor)
- Eric Halfvarson (Bass)
- Nina Stemme
- John Tomlinson (Bass)
- Peter Wedd (Tenor)
Notes & Reviews:
Stemme is now being hailed as one of the most exciting new Wagnerian sopranos on the scene. She recently received rave reviews for her performance in the role of Senta at the Metropolitan Opera, New York, the Wiener Staatsoper and the Vlaamse Opera.
Penguin Guide
Tomlinson, a favourite in the title-role at Bayreuth, now a veteran, is masterful as the Dutchman, exploiting his wide tonal and expressive range, with few signs of wear on the voice...[Stemme is] fresh and true, to outshine almost any rival on disc.
There are currently no reviews, be the first one!Works Details
Wagner, Richard : The Flying Dutchman- Performers: Patricia Bardon (Mezzo Soprano); Kim Begley (Tenor); Eric Halfvarson (Bass); Nina Stemme; John Tomlinson (Bass); Peter Wedd (Tenor)
- Conductor: David Parry
- Notes: Blackheath Halls, London, England (01/06/2004-01/11/2004)
- Running Time: 122 min. 22 sec.
- Period Time: Romantic
- Form: Opera/Operetta
- Written: 1841


text: Fashion editors do good! Maria4/11/08 3:30pmFiled to: good fashionMarie ClaireVogueage limitsAustralian Fashion WeekFashionFashion WeekJakModelsmonika jagaciak30EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkFashion editors do good! The minimum age for runway modeling at Australian fashion week has been raised to 16-years old for both males and females. The setting of a minimum age developed after editors at Australian Vogue and Marie Claire threatened to pull coverage of the event after the organizers of the fashion week had decided to make 14-year-old Monika Jagaciak its star. The 16-year-old age limit is not new to fashion weeks across the world: London, Sao Paolo, and Paris fashion weeks have similar restrictions. Now, if only they got more women of different ethnicities and body types walking the shows and in the magazines then we would be out of a job. [Reuters]Reply30 repliesLeave a reply


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Not ones to cry, the Greensburg Salem softball team prefers to react to disappointment with anger ... in a good way.
The Golden Lions lost their chance to retain their WPIAL title after a stunning upset loss to No. 13 Thomas Jefferson in the WPIAL semifinals.
They could not hold onto a 2-1 lead in the seventh inning, allowing three runs, including one on an error and one on a wild pitch, and lost, 4-3.
"They were burning up," Greensburg Salem coach Jody Morgan said of her team after the loss. "Most teams cry -- we don't cry, we get angry. We were mad."
Greensburg Salem had to stew for an entire week before a shot at redemption that came in the form of a WPIAL third-place consolation game. It kept its season alive with a 2-1 win against Elizabeth Forward to qualify for the PIAA playoffs.
"We used a bunt to win [against Elizabeth Forward]," Morgan said. "We haven't bunted much all year."
Four days after the win against Elizabeth Forward, Greensburg Salem knocked off District 10 champion Warren, 2-0, to reach the PIAA quarterfinals.
The Lions will get a chance for revenge when they play Thomas Jefferson, an 8-3 winner against Bellefonte, at noon today at Baldwin High School.
Greensburg Salem entered the WPIAL playoffs as the top seed with a 13-1 record but nothing has come easy in the postseason. It edged Central Valley, 1-0, in the first round and West Allegheny, 2-1, in the quarterfinals before two more one-run decisions in the WPIAL semifinals and third-place consolation game.
"I have been doing this for 36 years and I have seen everything," Morgan said. "These kids like the pressure. Pressure to them is just 'Whatever' -- not to me, to them.
"The kids are so relaxed maybe because they won [the WPIAL championship] last year."
Seven starters returned this year from the WPIAL title team, but the defending champions had to replace their pitcher-catcher combination of Jayne Oberdorf and Taylor Mehan.
Melissa Wagner moved from third base to the pitching circle and she has risen to the occasion numerous times this year in filling the large void left by Oberdorf's graduation.
"She did OK [against Thomas Jefferson]," Morgan said. "She didn't have a bad game, just one bad inning. We had a one-hitter before that. She has had a real good year, she has pitched every game."
Jayne Oberdorf's younger sister, junior shortstop Claire Oberdorf, is one of the WPIAL's offensive leaders. She bats leadoff for the Golden Lions.
Senior second baseman Kellie Hutchinson, a four-year starter, has come alive in the playoffs as expected. After struggling in the regular season, Morgan predicted Hutchinson would pick things up offensively in the postseason as she has done so many times in her career.
"She has only made three outs in four games," Morgan said. "She just seems to like the playoffs. She likes the pressure of these one-run games.
The loss to Thomas Jefferson was the Lions' first defeat to a Class AAA opponent this year. Greensburg Salem's only other loss came at Penn-Trafford, which shared the Section 1-AAAA championship.
"We just didn't have it," Morgan said. "We gave that game away; that is how it goes sometimes. All of the teams are pretty even. There is no dominant pitchers like there used to be. Everybody is throwing 55-56 [mph]. That is good, I am OK with that."
In the playoffs, Morgan prefers being the home team, especially considering her team's penchant for playing close games. She likes the advantage of batting last.
"Being a home team is so important in the playoffs," Morgan said. "It feels like you get an extra at bat. If you score the go-ahead run the other team doesn't get a chance.
"The coin toss is really important to me. It is like we have eight at-bats, at least that is how we look at it."


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Question For Those Who Own a Copy Of Tekken 6
How in the fuck do you beat that damn robot in arcade mode?
damn anyone
go to options, set it to 1 round so u only have to beat him once...and just spam the shit outta him, dont even try to blokking just mash buttons!! lol i think ive beaten him perfect before
thanks going to have to try using marshall law with him
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