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Neanderthal behavior
Neanderthal behaviour is subject to much study and speculation. From their physiology, neanderthals are presumed to have been omnivores, but animal protein formed the majority of their dietary protein, showing them to have been apex predators not scavengers.[1] However, new studies indicate that they had cooked vegetables in their diet.[2][3] They made advanced tools, had language (the nature of which is debated) and lived in complex social groups[citation needed].
Neanderthal brains were somewhat larger than humans but were shaped a bit differently[4][better source needed] since they evolved separately for several hundred thousand years. The size and distribution of archaeological sites shows that Neanderthals spent their lives mostly in small groups of 5-10 individuals[citation needed] (compared to 20-30 individuals for Cro-Magnon humans). Elders were rare as few Neanderthals lived past 35.
Skeletal evidence shows that injured individuals were often nursed back to health by others. Neanderthals rarely made contact with outsiders or traveled outside their small home territories. Although many Neanderthal sites have rare pieces of high-quality stone from more than 100 kilometers away, there is not enough to indicate trade or even regular contact with other communities.
It has been suggested by one pair of researchers that these stones may instead be "gifts" brought by adolescents wishing to join a new community (some form of "marrying out" was essential due to the small size of Neanderthal territories). In their view, this lack of trade could indicate that Neanderthals may have lacked some cognitive abilities for dealing with strangers, such as "cheater detection" and the ability to judge the value of one commodity in terms of another. Neanderthals had a smaller cognitive part of the brain and this would have limited them, including their ability to form larger groups.[5] The quality of tools found at archaeological sites is further said to suggest that Neanderthals were good at "expert" cognition, a form of observational learning and practice acquired through apprenticeship that relies heavily on long-term procedural memory.[6]
Neanderthal toolmaking supposedly changed little over hundreds of thousands of years. The lack of innovation was said to imply they may have had a reduced capacity for thinking by analogy and less working memory. The researchers further speculated that Neanderthal behaviour would probably seem neophobic, dogmatic and xenophobic to modern humans.[6][7]
The idea that Neanderthals lacked complex language was once widespread,[8] despite concerns about the accuracy of reconstructions of the Neanderthal vocal tract, until 1983, when a Neanderthal hyoid bone was found at the Kebara Cave in Israel. The hyoid is a small bone that connects the musculature of the tongue and the larynx, and by bracing these structures against each other, allows a wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements than would otherwise have been possible. The presence of this bone implies that structured speech was anatomically possible and that the repertory of sounds that might be produced was wide enough to contain well-defined sets of phonemes, and not simply inarticulate guttural grunts. The bone found is virtually identical to that of modern humans.[9] A recent study on the Kebara hyoid has used X-ray microtomography and finite element analysis to compare it to modern human hyoids. The study concluded that the Neanderthal hyoid showed histological features and micro-chemical behaviour similar to a modern human's hyoid, indicating that the two were used in the same way.[10]
There is some circumstantial evidence for thinking that Neanderthals had language with words and some kind of syntax; some of their tool-making and hunting tactics would have been difficult to learn and execute without it.[11] A recent extraction of DNA from Neanderthal bones indicates that Neanderthals had the same version of the FOXP2 gene as modern humans. This gene is known to play a role in human language.[12]
The morphology of the outer and middle ear of Neanderthal ancestors, Homo heidelbergensis, found in Spain, suggests they had an auditory sensitivity similar to modern humans and very different from chimpanzees. They were probably able to differentiate between many different sounds.[13]
Neurological evidence for potential speech in neanderthalensis may exist in the form of the hypoglossal canal. The canal of neanderthalensis is the same size or larger than in modern humans, which is significantly larger than the canal of australopithecines and modern chimpanzees. The canal carries the hypoglossal nerve, which controls the muscles of the tongue. This suggests to some theorists that neanderthalensis had vocal capabilities similar to modern humans.[14]
A research team from the University of California, Berkeley, led by David DeGusta, however, argues that the size of the hypoglossal canal is not an indicator of speech. His team's research, which shows no correlation between canal size and speech potential, shows there are a number of extant non-human primates and fossilized australopithecines that have an equal or larger hypoglossal canal.[15]
Another anatomical difference between Neanderthals and modern humans is the former's lack of a mental protuberance (the point at the tip of the chin). This may be relevant to speech, as the mentalis muscle contributes to moving the lower lip and is used to articulate a bilabial click. While some Neanderthal individuals do possess a mental protuberance, their chins never show the inverted T-shape of modern humans.[16] In contrast, some Neanderthal individuals show inferior lateral mental tubercles (small bumps at the side of the chin).
Steven Mithen (2006) speculates that the Neanderthals may have had an elaborate proto-linguistic system of communication that was more musical than modern human language, and that pre-dated the separation of language and music into two separate modes of cognition. He called this hypothetical lingual system 'hmmmmm' because it would be Holistic, manipulative, multi-modal, musical, and mimetic.[17]
Neanderthal and Middle Paleolithic archaeological sites show a smaller and different toolkit than those found in Upper Paleolithic sites, which were perhaps occupied by modern humans that superseded them. Fossil evidence indicating who may have made the tools found in Early Upper Paleolithic sites is still missing. A survey of 332 archeological sites occupied over a period of 200,000 years under varying climatic conditions using lithic tool data from 190 layers at 103 sites showed that the Neanderthal toolkit changed little, showing technological inertia, a slower rate of variability compared to modern humans whose toolkits show more economic reactivity, variety in response to changing conditions. In addition to the hypothesis that Neanderthals were not very creative despite having larger brains than modern humans, an alternative demographic hypothesis is that there were never very many Neanderthals, perhaps fewer than 10,000, making the probability of innovation low.[18]
Neanderthals used tools of the Mousterian class, which were often produced using soft hammer percussion, with hammers made of materials like bones, antlers, and wood, rather than hard hammer percussion, using stone hammers. A result of this is that their bone industry was relatively simple. However, there is good evidence that they routinely constructed a variety of stone implements. Neanderthal (Mousterian) tools most often consisted of sophisticated stone-flakes, task-specific hand axes, and spears. Many of these tools were very sharp. There is also good evidence that they used a lot of wood, but wooden objects are unlikely to have survived to the present.[19]
Neanderthals were capable of building dugout boats since the Middle Paleolithic.[20][21] Mousterian stone tools discovered on the southern Ionian Greek islands suggests that Neanderthals were navigating the Mediterranean Sea as early as 110,000 years BP.[22][23] Quartz hand-axes, three-sided picks, and stone cleavers from Crete have also been recovered that date back about 170,000 years BP.[24]
There is some evidence for interpersonal violence among Neanderthals. A 36,000-year-old Neanderthal skull found near St. Césaire has a healed fracture in its cranial vault that was most likely caused by the impact of a sharp implement. The location of the wound suggests interpersonal violence rather than an accident. Because the wound healed, it is known that the individual survived the attack.[25]
Also, while they had weapons, whether they had projectile weapons is controversial. They had spears, made of long wooden shafts with spearheads firmly attached, but some think these were thrusting spears and not projectiles.[26] Still, a Levallois point embedded in an animal vertebra shows an angle of impact suggesting that it entered by a "parabolic trajectory" suggesting that it was the tip of a projectile.[27]
Moreover, a number of 400,000-year-old wooden projectile spears were found at Schöningen in northern Germany. These are thought to have been made by the Neanderthals' ancestors, Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis. Generally, projectile weapons are more commonly associated with H. sapiens. The lack of projectile weaponry may be an indication of different sustenance methods, rather than inferior technology or abilities. The situation is identical to that of native New Zealand Māori—modern Homo sapiens, who also rarely threw objects, but used spears and clubs instead.[28] Neanderthals rarely produced bone tools from their prey. Neanderthals apparently did not have needles, but at best, bone awls to drill eyelets for lacing skins and furs together.[29] Some tools may have been due to trade or copying from Homo sapiens who coexisted with Neanderthals near the end of the latter's existence.[30]
Neanderthals also performed many sophisticated tasks normally associated only with modern humans. For example, they controlled fire, constructed complex shelters, and skinned animals. A trap excavated at La Cotte de St Brelade in Jersey gives testament to their intelligence and success as hunters.[31]
A specific example of their skill is the practice of starting a wood fire. They may have used manganese dioxide to accelerate the combustion of wood. Although manganese oxide at Neanderthal sites has been considered to be for decorative use, recent research points out that substances easier to acquire could have been used and that "With archaeological evidence for fire places and the conversion of the manganese dioxide to powder, we argue that Neanderthals at Pech-de-l'Azé I used manganese dioxide in fire-making and produced fire on demand." MnO2 lowers the combustion temperature of wood from 350 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius. Manganese dioxide powder is common in Neanderthal archaeological sites.[32]
Particularly intriguing is a hollowed-out bear femur with holes that may have been deliberately bored into it, known as the Divje Babe flute. This bone was found in western Slovenia in 1995, near a Mousterian fireplace, but its significance is still disputed. Some paleoanthropologists hypothesize it was a musical instrument, others believe it was not the work of Neanderthals, or that the chomping action of another bear made the holes.
Pendants and other jewelry showing traces of ochre dye and of deliberate grooving have also been found[33] with later finds, particularly in France, but whether they were created by Neanderthals or traded to them by Cro-Magnons is a matter of controversy.
Burial practices[edit]
Although much has been made of the Neanderthals' burial of their dead, their burials were less elaborate than those of anatomically modern humans. The interpretation of the skeleton known as Shanidar IV as having been buried with flowers, and therefore being a form of ritual burial,[34] has been questioned.[35] Paul B. Pettitt has stated that the "deliberate placement of flowers has now been convincingly eliminated", noting that "A recent examination of the microfauna from the strata into which the grave was cut suggests that the pollen was deposited by the burrowing rodent Meriones tersicus, which is common in the Shanidar microfauna and whose burrowing activity can be observed today".[36]
Early studies indicated that Neanderthals were highly carnivorous and obtained most of the protein in their diet from animal sources.[37] Recently, however, traces of fossilized plants have been extracted from Neanderthal teeth found in Belgium, Iraq, and East Africa indicating they also ate plants such as grains and legumes in addition to meat[38] and were cannibals.[39][40]
Cannibalism or ritual defleshing?[edit]
Neanderthals hunted large animals, such as the mammoth. Stone-tipped wooden spears were used for hunting and stone knives and poleaxes were used for butchering the animals or as weapons. However, they are believed to have practiced cannibalism or ritual defleshing. This hypothesis was formulated after researchers found marks on Neanderthal bones similar to the bones of a dead deer butchered by Neanderthals.
Intentional burial and the inclusion of grave goods are the most typical representations of ritual behaviour in the Neanderthals and denote a developing ideology. However, another much debated and controversial manifestation of this ritual treatment of the dead comes from the evidence of cut-marks on the bone, which has historically been viewed as evidence of ritual defleshing.
Neanderthal bones from various sites (Combe-Grenal and Abri Moula in France, Krapina in Croatia and Grotta Guattari in Italy) have all been cited as bearing cut marks made by stone tools.[41] However, the results of technological tests have revealed varied causes.
Re-evaluation of these marks using high-powered microscopes, comparisons to contemporary butchered animal remains, and recent ethnographic cases of excarnation mortuary practises have shown that perhaps this was a case of ritual defleshing.
- At Grotta Guattari, the apparently purposefully widened base of the skull (for access to the brain) has been shown to be caused by carnivore action, with hyena tooth marks found on the skull and mandible.
- According to some studies, fragments of bones from Krapina show marks similar to those on bones from secondary burials at a Michigan ossuary (14th century AD), and are indicative of removing the flesh of a partially decomposed body.
- According to others, the marks on the bones found at Krapina are indicative of defleshing, although whether this was for nutritional or ritual purposes cannot be determined with certainty.[42]
Evidence of cannibalism includes:
- Analysis of bones from Abri Moula in France does seem to suggest cannibalism was practiced here. Cut-marks are concentrated in places expected in the case of butchery, instead of defleshing. Additionally the treatment of the bones was similar to that of roe deer bones, assumed to be food remains, found in the same shelter.[43]
- At El Sidron in Northern Spain, scientists have found evidence pointing to the cannibalism of 12 individuals by what is hypothesized to have been a neighboring group of Neanderthals. According to Carles Lalueza-Fox of the Institute of Evolutionary Biology in Barcelona, the individuals (three children aged from two to nine, three teenagers, and six adults) appear to have been "killed and eaten, with their bones and skulls split open to extract the marrow, tongue and brains." Scientists believe that the lack of any evidence of a fire makes it likely that the event happened in winter, during times when food was scarce.[44]
Evidence indicating cannibalism would not distinguish Neanderthals from modern Homo sapiens. Ancient and existing Homo sapiens are known to have practiced cannibalism and/or mortuary defleshing (e.g., the sky burial of Tibet).
Grooves in bones are hypothesized to be cuts by Neanderthal tools, not animal teeth. The chances of them being random, as some writers attributing them to animals have proposed, is debated.
Body paint and adornment[edit]
A 2009 report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on two archaeological sites in the Murcia province of southern Spain records the discovery of shells showing pigment residues, and concludes that these were used by the Neanderthals as make-up containers. Sticks of the black pigment manganese have previously been discovered in Africa. These may have been used as body paint by Neanderthals.[45] According to one study, Neanderthal use of pigments including red ochre was restricted to interglacial periods, disappearing during glacial periods.[46]
A 2012 study which examined a database of 1,699 ancient sites across Eurasia suggests that Neanderthals harvested bird feathers. They appear to have had a preference for raptor and corvid feathers which may have been used as personal ornaments. Co-author Professor Finlayson remarked: "What all this suggests to us is that Neanderthals had the cognitive abilities to think in symbolic terms. The feathers were almost certainly being used for ornamental purposes, and this is a quite unbelievable thing to find."[47][48]
Cave art and structures[edit]
Recent new dating techniques of cave art has suggested the possibility Neanderthals were cave painters. Many cave paintings are much older than previously thought, and possibly pre-date the arrival of H. sapiens.[49] Symbolism or simple art work was found in 2012, inside the Gorham's Cave in Gibraltar; it may have been a sign indicating to others that the cave was already inhabited.[50]
In 2016, Jacques Jaubert and colleagues reported the discovery of 176,000 year old stalagmite constructions 336 meters deep in Bruniquel Cave near Bruniquel in south-western France. There were two annular (ring) structures, one 6.7 by 4.5 metres, and the other 2.2 by 2.1, with one to four layers of aligned broken stalagmites, and short pieces within the layers to support them. There were also four stack structures, two within the large ring and two outside it. Artificial lighting would have been required as the cave is far beyond the reach of daylight, and 57 of the stalagmite pieces are reddened and 66 blackened by fire. Burnt organic material was also found. The researchers concluded that the constructions must have been made by early Neanderthals, as they were the only human species in the area at the time. The elaborate structures show that the Neanderthals responsible had a more sophisticated level of social organisation than previously thought possible.[51]
While some Neanderthals used caves for shelter, the Molodova I archaeological site in eastern Ukraine suggests others built dwellings using animal bones. A building was made of mammoth skulls, jaws, tusks and leg bones, and had 25 hearths inside.[52][53]
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Homo neanderthalensis. |
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Introduction to Paleoanthropology |
Wikispecies has information related to: Homo neanderthalensis |


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Talk:Club Member John
From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
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I think a disambiguation is needed. Because their are multiple characters in the anime whose Japanese names are "John". I propose that we don't redirect "John" to the disambig but link the disambig on the page.
- This article is about the character from the Pokémon Trading Card Game. For other uses for "John", see John (disambiguation).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Silent and quiet conspirators or traitors are most dangerous; barking dogs never bite; the fox barks not when he would steal the lamb.
Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep: And in his simple show he harbours treason. The fox barks not when he would steal the lamb; No, no, my sovereign, Gloucester is a man Unsounded yet, and full of deep deceit.
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The Horse Forum
- Horse Tack and Equipment
- - Any truth behind this?
Any truth behind this? I got my new Wintec 500 the other day, so I brought it to the barn with me to ride in... only to find out that my trainer thought I should send it back. She seems to think synthetic saddles are inferior, and that the saddle will break down faster due to the interchangable gullets. Since I'm planning to minimally switch the gullets, take good care of the saddle, etc., is there any truth behind this statement? I'm not sure whether to take her advice or ignore it, but I want a second opinion before I do anything, although I'm planning to keep the saddle because I like it... unless it would be a very bad idea to do so. Help?!? |
I have had my Big Horn cordura which some call synthetic all of my life and my mother rode in it before I did., It has served us for well over 20 years, and has swam many rivers, and started many colts and I wouldn't take a thousand dollars for it! |
I don't know anything about the English saddles, but I used to have a synthetic western saddle and I absolutely loved it. I grew out of it, though. It's still being used today and it's about 6 or 7 years old. |
I hear great things about Synthetic saddles. Supposedly they don't hold up as well as leather, but I guess it just depends sometimes. They are light, easy to clean, and don't attract mildew ;) |
There are a few synthetic saddles at the barn where I take lessons and they hold up just as well as the leather ones. Also they sell leather saddles with interchangeable gullets as well so if they do break down faster it is not just because they are synthetic. |
Your Wintec 500 is a decent saddle. Your trainer is just a leather snob. :wink: I had a 25 y/o Wintec that I sold to a lesson barn. They've had the saddle 3 years now, and it's still going strong. I have a 2000 that's at least 5 y/o and still looks brand new. Synthetics will last just as long as a leather saddle. Plus, they're easier to clean! |
Thanks, I thought so... somehow I didn't think Wintecs were an all-out messup, considering how successful they are. I quite like mine, actually... besides, washing a saddle with a hose sounds like FUN! :-) I'm glad to have some backup! |
I have a wintec 500 that is ten years old, had a LOT of hard work, and is still going great. It has a bit of cosmetic wear and tear, but nothing that effects the performance. |
Plus with a synthetic, aren't you doing your part for the environment??? |
i had a wintec close contact with interchangeable gullet which was synthetic :D i have never heard a bad word about any interchangeable gullet saddle apart from the WOW saddles :) |
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The AV Club recently published an article in which their writers traded stories about awkward pop culture experiences that they had with their parents. It was interesting. At least I think it was. I never got past the headline because, after seeing it, I was instantly transported back to the front seat of my mom's Volvo wagon in 1991.
I have a theory about how guys my age (early to mid-30s') who grew up in the suburbs developed their musical tastes. It all comes back to Billy Joel. Everyone loved Billy Joel when they were 13. For most people, it was the first music they ever connected to that wasn't the most popular top 40 hit of the day. And a lot of times, Billy Joel was passed on from some older influence. An older brother or cousin or someone else you looked up to handed you a dubbed copy of Billy Joel's greatest hits and you started listening. It felt like a rite of passage. An older generation had welcomed you into the club of "cool music." It had to be cool. This stuff all came out before you were born.
And then, from there, everyone picks a direction. Maybe Billy Joel made you start listening to classic rock radio. That meant you heard Springsteen and Tom Petty. And that made you interested in Dylan and the Beatles and the Stones.
Or maybe Piano Man was followed up by a Zeppelin song. It sucked you in. You started seeking out other bands with a harder edge. Within two years, you were the weird kid at school with the Megadeth shirt.
Billy Joel could have led you to show tunes and drama club or classical piano like Beethoven or Bach.
(Pretty much anything but Hip Hop. My theory kind of falls apart because of Hip Hop)
The other thing that makes Billy Joel so accessible to a 7th grader is that you can listen to it in front of your parents. Anytime I was in the car with my parents, I would throw in my dubbed copy of Billy Joel's Greatest Hits and no one would mind. It's not too loud, it's not too rebellious, the language is generally pretty clean. Except for one line of lyrics.
In the song, "Captain Jack," Billy Joel sings:
Your sister's gone out, she's on a date
You just sit at home and masturbate
If there's a more sensitive topic in the world for a 13 year old boy, I don't know what it is. And it's definitely not a word you want to hear out loud when you're alone in the car with your mom.
Now, back to the front seat of the Volvo. Captain Jack was the 3rd song on side 1 of my Billy Joel's Greatest Hits tape. I knew this going on. I spent "Piano Man" and "The Entertainer" preparing myself. Because as soon as I heard
"Your sister's gone out. She's on a date.."
I would start talking. Every time. No matter what.
"Hey Mom!"
"Never mind."
Or I would cough. Or I would start humming another song. Or I would kick the floor of the car really loudly. Anything to avoid the word "masturbate" being released into the ether.
That's my most awkward pop culture moment with my parents.
(I still employ the same strategy, by the way. As far as I'm concerned, my mother has no idea what the next line of that song is. )
Sports Illustrated: October 22nd, 2012
I think Sports Illustrated may have pulled a fast one on us this week. Did the magazine abandon a long tradition of seperating the "Scorecard" column from the "Inside Sports" sub sections that usually populate the front of the magazine? Because this week's Scorecard is just a collection of small college basketball articles followed by the usual "Inside The NFL" fantasy football stuff. SI has a new managing editor. I wonder if streamlining the first half of the magazine is one of his first major changes.
Who Can Roll The Tide? by Andy Staples and Stewart Mandel
I don't watch a lot of college football so I have no idea whether or not Staples and Mandel are correct in making cases for Florida, Notre Dame or Oregon as teams that can beat Alabama. This is the first in an issue full of articles that could barely keep my interest.
Trial of The Honey Badger by Thayer Evans and Pete Thamel
More interesting than this profile of the life Tyrann Mathieu is currently struggling to live are the stories that came out about how far Evans and Thamel were willing to go in order to write it.
Mathieu and his parents, Tyrone and Sheila, refused to be interviewed for a Sports Illustrated article on the Honey Badger, penned by Thayer Evans and Pete Thamel. But according to the family, SI wouldn't take no for an answer.Tyrone Mathieu told Fox 8 in New Orleans that he hired a law firm last week to attempt to stop SI's interview requests.The letter, according to the report, from Irpino Law Firm in New Orleans is addressed to Peter Thamel and Sports Illustrated and reads in part, "You have been consistently harassing Mr. Mathieu and his family regarding personal issues. Mr. Mathieu informed you that they have no desire to respond to your inquiries. Despite repeated assertions of this position… you have trespassed on the Mathieu's property and otherwise violated their privacy… Demand is made that you cease and desist from any attempts at making contact with Mr. Mathieu or any member of his family."
Jeez, dude. It's not the Pentagon Papers. It's a stupid 20 year old kid who smoked weed and got thrown off a football team.
Also worth noting in this article: The fact that everyone has a food related nickname (Corn Bread, Lil' Bread, Pork and Beans.) These troubled urban youths sound delicious.
A Massive Fraud Now More Fully Exposed by Alexander Wolff and David Epstein
I am convinced, at this point, there are more sports journalists who write articles about Lance Armstrong than there are sports fans who read them. He's a bad guy who cheated. We have all known this for a decade. ENOUGH!
And why is this so fucking long?
I did not read this article.
The Vikings Punter Is A Troll Rogue Named Loate by L. Jon Wertheim
Chris Kluwe plays World Of Warcraft, reads books and supports gay marriage. Is Chris Kluwe an interesting guy or is he an interesting guy for a football player? The latter is most likely true.
Football's Greatest From One To Ten by SI Staff
SI has another book of lists. Please buy it from them. Otherwise they will just mail it to your house and make it nearly impossible to return.
Mourning Glory by Chris Ballard
I never got around to reading this. I imagine it's pretty well written, tugs at your heart strings, maybe makes you tear up a bit, then ends with a somewhat redemptive flourish that restores your faith in humanity. That's how most of these stories go.
Point After by Phil Taylor
Justin Verlander is a great player. He throws a lot of pitches. What does it say about Phil Taylor's effort this week that he was outdone by a the jock with a head injury who filled this space last week?


text:
He just needs to start recruiting dirty like everyone
quote:Our recruiting is fine, thanks. Have two top ten players coming in next season, actually.
I think Billy D killed his momentum when he resigned to coach in the NBA and then changed his mind. It was a huge distraction for him and something you don't need in recruiting against other schools.
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text:
This page has been automatically translated from French into English by a translation software. Automatic translations are not as accurate as translations made by professional human translators. Nevertheless these pages can help you understand information published by the City of Brussels.
The Parc du Cinquantenaire conceals lots of treasures: the Big Mosque, the statue of the green dog, the pavilion of Victor Horta's human passions (accessible only by appointment)...
- Access: traffic circle Schuman, Avenue de la Renaissance, Avenue des Nerviens and Gaulois, Avenue de l'Yser, Avenue de la Joyeuse Entrée
- Open: all year
- Date of creation: 19th century
- Classified site: 1976
- Map: [plan]
King Leopold II created the park to celebrate the 50th anniversery of the independence of Belgium (1880). Situated between the traffic circle Schuman, the Avenue des Nerviens, the Avenue de la Renaissance and Tervueren, the park covers 30 hectares of classic gardens with hedges of laurels and a symmetric plan. The museums of Art and History (Cinquantenaire Museum), Aviation, the Army and Military History and Autoworld are situated here. Great view at the top of the 3 arches.
Next video of the Cinquantenaire contains no comment, but it contains text in French:
CC-by-nc Jonathan Bryant
Practical information
Bruxelles Environnement
IBGE - Brussels Institute for the Management of the Environment
Avenue du Port 86C - 3000
1000 Brussels
Tel. : 02 775 75 75
Fax : 02 775 76 21


text:
David Vassilian needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 108 designs submitted by 41 freelance designers.
You get to name it as well! You get to develop and coordinate the name, logo and theme.
We are 2 partners looking to start our dream express car wash. It will be a $5 fully automated exterior express car wash with 90 feet of state of the art computer controlled multi-wash stage equipment and environmentally friendly biodegradable soaps. 90% of the water will be recycled as well. Customers drive up to an auto teller machine, select their wash, pay with cash or credit card and drive their cars in one side of the tunnel dirty, and in less than 5-minutes they come out clean, dry and shiny. We will also offer free self serve vacuums for customers to clean the inside and touch up their cars. We will offer a top quality exterior car wash at a great $5 price, in less than 5 minutes, free self serve vacuums and open longer hours of 6am to 9pm 7 days a week.
Everyone that owns a car. Including "soccer moms" who don't want to unload the kids and shopping bags out of the car, males and females ages 25 - 60 who are busy on their way to work, shopping, sports, and don't have time to wait 45 minutes and pay triple plus tip at a full service car wash. Also car owners who don't like car wash employees in their cars or who don't want to unload valuables and shopping bags to get a car washed. People who are environmentally conscious about home washing water waste and runoff into storm drains. Also, apartment renters with no place to wash.
People who like to do things themselves and know they can clean the interior better than a stranger at a full service car wash. It can also be a family event where kids can help clean and vacuum the interior of their family vehicle.
Also, any car owner who is looking for great value. $5 and 5 minutes for a car wash is not worth the 1 hour of a persons time of washing and drying a car at home. Also, this is a better value than the $3 self service coin spray wand car washes where you have to get out, wash and dry your car yourself and pay a $1 for a 2 minute vacuum.
Also, any car owner who is fed up going to a slow $5 gas station wash that makes their car look worse than when it was before going through the wash.
Small fleets of plumbing vans, taxis, etc.. will also appreciate the speed and value.
We are looking for a creative logo, name and theme to represent our Express Car Wash.
We would love to have the logo, name and theme incorporate Quality, $5 price, 5 Minute Speed of Service, Free Vacs, Water, Cars, and Fun but here are a few things to think about:
1. No Cartoons - we want it to be playful but not cheap or childlike.
2. Nothing too elegant. We want the locals to feel like they can afford to have their cars washed here a couple times a week.
3. The typeface should be clear, simple and bold. We want something that stands out and implies Quality.
4. The car wash facility is located in car loving So. California.
5. We would like to be the cool and hip place.
6. The operation is "eco-friendly" by using recycled water and only bio-degradable chemicals.
7. The words "Car Wash" should be a dominant factor in the name.
Here is an example of a logo that we like:
Here is an example of what we are trying to avoid:
Please feel free to experiment with colors, themes and names!
The files we will require are:
Print and Web file format
Please no stock images or clip art in the logo.


text:
Review: Brü Grill serves dishes to remember
"What happened to the beer-can chicken?"
Every time I've dined at Brü Grill & Market over the past couple of months, there has always been at least one person at my table who has dined here before and has jumped at the chance to come back. And in every instance, as soon as we're given menus, these repeat customers ask the same thing. "Hey, what happened to the beer-can chicken?" or "Where did the beer-can chicken go?" or "Uh-oh, the beer-can chicken is missing!"
A near panic attack ensues.
I don't know what to tell them. I've never tasted it, but I have seen a photo of the beer-can chicken on the restaurant's website. And it looks incredible.
So I pose the question to our waiter, who tells me the kitchen was having a hard time sourcing the right-size birds. "The chickens kept coming in too big, like turkeys," he says. "So the chef took it off the menu."
He follows with, "Have you tried our new 'duck, duck, chicken'?" But nobody's eyes light up.
The "duck, duck, chicken" is half a chicken that gets seared in duck fat before going into the brick oven. It's OK. I'm guessing it will sell well enough, but when this dish eventually falls out of rotation, nobody will ask where it went. It's a perfectly decent roasted chicken, very traditional, served with mashed potatoes and green beans. It's not the sort of dish that will have people tweeting about it or posting pictures of it on Facebook.
But despite the absence of the dish everyone comes here for, every time I dine here the restaurant is packed – even in the middle of the afternoon. "It's really the only place to eat in Lake Forest," bemoans a friend who lives nearby.
One night at dinner, I show up without a reservation, fully prepared to wait in line for a table, but I'm not too worried because I think maybe I'll get to take my turn in the restaurant's porch-swing, with a glass of wine in hand. Miraculously, there is no queue. I stroll toward the porch swing and notice that it's already occupied, anyway, by a cute young couple.
There's a bit of a gastropub vibe here, with a vibrant pub-like bar and communal tables that dominate the front of the restaurant. The dining room is more comfortable, made up mostly of large booths.
There are always two dozen craft beers on tap, plus dozens more by the bottle or can stored in glass refrigerators surrounding the bar. The list changes daily, updated online in real time.
The restaurant has a retail wine permit, not simply a permit to pour like most places. And in a wonderful twist, the prices are marked for retail rather than being jacked up the typical 100 to 300 percent.
This throws me off at first. I'm looking at the bottle list, wondering, "Are these prices by the glass or by the bottle?" I can't believe my eyes.
While I haven't found anything on the menu that lives up to everyone's memory of the beer-can chicken, I do consistently enjoy nice food here. The kitchen walks a fine line between gastropub and something fancier.
Mussels are steamed in IPA with garlic and chilies, lending a wonderfully rich, smoky, full-bodied taste to the broth, every last drop of which I want to soak up with hunks of grilled baguette.
The burger is ridiculously good. The menu says the meat is ground in-house from dry-aged porterhouse steaks, which sounds too good to be true. But after one bite, any suspicion evaporates.
The meat is perfectly textured and beautifully cooked, hanging out of its bun and dripping with fat. It's classically garnished with iceberg lettuce, tomato, house-made pickles (very mild) and really high-quality cheddar.
There's no denying the impressive quality of meat being served, whether it's a baseball steak (looks like a filet but comes from the sirloin), a 14-day dry-aged New York strip or a double-thick pork chop.
Hot wings are ale-braised before being fried and dunked into spicy buffalo sauce of customizable hotness on a scale of 1 to 10. The ale's imprint isn't particularly discernible and the crust has turned soggy, but the wings are still a delicious mess.
One of my favorite dishes is a simple bachelor-style plate of three sausages – bratwurst, andouille and Italian – paired with house-made mustards and a really great potato salad.
I've enjoyed a superb chunk of ono, or wahoo, perfectly pan-seared and served atop coconut rice. I wish the rice didn't remind me so much of Uncle Ben's. I've devoured every bite of diver scallops nestled into mounds of truffled potato purée and garnished with tobiko caviar that's been tinted black with squid ink.
For Sunday brunch, the fried chicken and waffles are great, with a huge beer-battered breast that validates that previous waiter's claim of chickens looking like turkeys.
My least favorite dish is a toss-up between the short ribs and the flatbreads. I don't like the crust on the latter, which tastes too much like freezer dough rather than something a chef spent weeks or months perfecting. And the former tastes like the ribs are cooked in one pot while their accompanying mushroom gravy is concocted in another, which I think misses the whole point of braising. As a result, there's no depth of character. The flavors just don't meld.
Desserts are solid across the board: crème brûlée, bread pudding, a root beer float (also available with real beer). But the one dessert everyone remembers and talks about the next day is the signature Brü Cake, a pudding-like flourless chocolate cake baked in a mason jar, served hot from the oven, topped with whiskey-infused whipped cream.
Or here's another idea.
One day when I pop in for lunch, I notice at least five tables celebrating birthdays. In every case, the staff brings the birthday girl a chocolate cupcake, and I wonder, "Are all these women really celebrating birthdays today? Or have they all just figured out how delicious the cupcakes are and they're all secretly working the system?"
Hard to say for sure, but if my memory serves me correctly, I'm about due for another birthday.
Contact the writer: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
SAPUI5 is built up on the following principles:
Under the hood
SAPUI5 is a client UI technology based on JavaScript, CSS and HTML5.
Apps developed with SAPUI5 run in a browser on any device (mobile, tablet or desktop PC).
When users access an SAPUI5 app, a request is sent to the respective server to load the application into the browser. The view accesses the relevant libraries. Usually the model is also instantiated and business data is fetched from the database.
Depending on the environment in which SAPUI5 is used, the libraries or your applications can be stored, for example, on an SAP NetWeaver Application Server or an SAP Cloud Platform, and business data can be accessed, for example, using the OData model through a SAP Gateway.
Summary matrix
Features | Details |
Accessibility |
In an ongoing approach, SAPUI5 controls aim to comply with various product standards such as screen reader support, high-contrast theming and keyboard handling. |
Application Cache Buster |
The Application Cache Buster (short AppCacheBuster) is similar to the Cache Buster but is used for application resources. SAPUI5 supports the application cache buster on SAP NetWeaver AS for ABAP only. |
App Templates |
The app templates incorporate SAP'S latest recommendations and can be used for example as a starting point for developing apps according to the SAP Fiori design guidelines. They include generic application functionality and tests that can be easily extended with custom functionality if needed. |
Cache Buster |
A cache buster allows SAPUI5 to notify the browser to refresh the resources only when the SAPUI5 resources have been changed. As long as they are not changed, the resources can always be fetched from the browser's cache. SAPUI5 supports the cache buster concept for Java and ABAP servers and for SAP Cloud Platform. SAP HANA XS does not support the cache buster concept. |
Component |
Components are independent, reusable parts used in SAPUI5 applications. |
Controls |
Controls are used to define the appearance and behavior of screen areas. More than 200 UI controls are included in SAPUI5, ranging from basic elements to complex UI patterns. |
Binding Types |
SAPUI5 supports three different binding types: Property binding, aggregation binding, and element binding. |
Data Binding |
Data binding is used to bind two data sources or information sources together to keep them in synch: All changes in SAPUI5 supports binding with OData, JSON, XML and other data formats. |
Descriptor |
The descriptor is inspired by the Web Application Manifest concept introduced by the W3C and provides a central, machine-readable and easy-to-access location for storing metadata associated with an application, an application component, or a library. |
Device Adaptation |
SAPUI5 supports several functions to adapt to operating systems and devices. |
Extensibility |
You can extend a SAPUI5 app to your specific requirements. For example, you can extend or replace views, extend or replace controllers, or change language-specific text. |
Fragment |
Fragments are light-weight UI parts (UI sub-trees) which can be reused, defined similar to views, but do not have any controller or other behavior code involved. SAPUI5 provides XML, HTML and JS fragments. |
Flexibility |
SAPUI5 provides a central management of UI and server messages. |
Message Management |
SAP Web IDE relies on HANA Cloud Platform infrastructure for authentication and secure connectivity to different systems or other components. SAP Web IDE could use any Identity provider (IdP) including customer defined IdPs, or use the SAP HANA Cloud connector for secure connection to on premise systems | |
Mock Server |
The mock server provides mock services and also mock data. It supports randomly generated data based on the service metadata, as well as mock data provided in JSON files. |
Model |
A model in SAPUI5 holds the data and provides methods to retrieve the data from the database and to set and update SAPUI5 provides the following predefined models: OData, JSON, XML, and resource model. It is also possible to create a |
Model View Controller |
The Model View Controller (MVC) concept is used in SAPUI5 to separate the representation of information from the user interaction. | |
Modularization and Dependency Management |
The SAPUI5 framework has built-in support for modularizing comprehensive JavaScript applications. | |
Navigation | SAPUI5 offers hash-based navigation, which allows you to build single-page apps where the navigation is done by changing the hash. |
Performance Measurement | SAPUI5 contains tools to measure the performance of an app. | |
Resource Handling | The handling of resources in SAPUI5 is divided in a client-side and a server-side part. The two parts are complementary and do not depend on each other. | |
Right-to-Left Support | SAPUI5 supports Right-to-Left (RTL) directionality. When enabled, the overall page direction is set to RTL and all SAPUI5 content is displayed in RTL mode. Self-written controls and content must be tested separately. |
Routing Pattern |
SAPUI5 provides the following kinds of patterns: Hard-coded patterns, route with mandatory parameter, route with optional parameter, route with query parameter, and "rest as string" parameter | |
Support Tools | SAPUI5 features several different support tools that help you troubleshoot and solve any issues that may occur. | |
Templating | SAPUI5 supports HTML templating and XML templating. The HTML templating concept in SAPUI5 enables you to bind text against properties in the model. If the property in The XML templating concept enables you to use an XML view as a template. This template is transformed by an XML |
Testing | SAPUI5 provides several testing options, such as unit and integration tests and the Mock Server. | |
Text Localization | The framework concepts for text localization in SAPUI5 are aligned with the general concepts of the Java platform. |
Theming | SAPUI5 supports to create and use different visual designs - called themes - that can be used alternatively and switched on the fly, thus allowing for the same application to have a very different look, depending on the user's design preference, or on accessibility requirements. |
UI Adaptation | See flexibility | |
Views | The view in SAPUI5 is responsible for defining and rendering the UI. The following predefined view types are supported by SAPUI5: XML, JSON, JS, and HTML |


text: Used Car Face Off: Euro-Coupe Mega DuelZac Estrada9/09/12 3:00pmFiled to: Used car face offVolvo242AudiFb59EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkWelcome to Used Car Face Off, where we find two similar or similarly priced used cars and ask you which one you would buy. Choose wisely!AdvertisementI look at used car listings a lot, but sometimes it's with seriousness. This week's search started with lightly used VW GTIs to replace my daily driver. But GTIs are so common around here that, and as good as the MkV and MkVI are, I have trouble getting excited about them.So by the time I started browsing Audis and Volvos, all seriousness was gone. And I found coupes from those manufacturers that all but the devotees have long forgotten.AdvertisementThis 1979 Volvo 242 GT has a lot of period lunatic decorations over what is an otherwise unremarkable two-door 240. This, of course, was the sports model for Volvo before the Turbo Bricks came along in the early 1980s. It certainly looks sporty with its handsome alloy wheels and orange stripes. But with a naturally aspirated four-cylinder and only a four-speed manual, something tells me I'll be left at the lights by even my neighbor's Geo Prizm.Inside, the orange stripe theme carries over, making it look like the Lamborghini Gallardo Balboni Edition – if you squint really, really hard. The odometer reads 95,000 miles, but this being a '70s Volvo, I'd bet the odometer has failed at least once in its life. I must say, though, it's a surprisingly handsome car with the mechanical simplicity of a hammer, even if the exterior could use some cleaning up. For $3,600, it intrigues me a lot more than most 240s.While the Volvo has some good-looking decorations, it is not what I call a good-looking car. Now this Audi Coupe GT? Hot. Based on a humdrum Audi 4000 (Audi 80 to the rest of the world), Ingolstadt made the two-door car quite handsome with its fastback styling and big (ish) wheels. This particular 1986 example is a California car and is shockingly original, with its factory cassette stereo and a relatively low 123,000 miles. This is one of the best examples of this car I've seen in a long time and its relative obscurity really piques my interest.Downsides? Well, it was dumped on a charity so the mechanical history is a bit hazy. This being an Audi, that's not good news. And the parts availability on these things is notoriously flaky. If a power window stops working, will I be able to get a new motor in this lifetime? And this model doesn't have a manual, but instead a three-speed automatic (remember those?), sucking all of the life out of the 2.2-liter five-pot.AdvertisementSponsoredWhile it's a poor man's Quattro, the Audi is just a little too German serious for me. It's handsome, but like most Audis of the period, there's not a lot about it that's particularly interesting. That three-speed auto really hurts, too.The 242 GT is such an uncommon beast that it somehow strikes me just a little more. It's probably the stripes which are so out of character for a Volvo, even a '70s one, that make it look somewhat bonkers. Sure, it needs more exterior work. And I bet it's so slow that it's comical. Is there a way to squeeze the engine out of an S60R in it?What would you guys go for, the stripy Volvo or the buttoned-down Audi? Am I too distracted by striped things? Sound off in the comments.Reply59 repliesLeave a reply


text:
is transparently tied to the the Errno manpage module
EXPR foreach EXPR
is supported
is meaningful on Win32
foreach (1..1000000)
can be used as implicitly quoted package name
exists $Foo::{Bar::}
tests existence of a package
is now a reserved word
perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
This document describes differences between the 5.004 release and this one.
Perl is now developed on two tracks: a maintenance track that makes small,
safe updates to released production versions with emphasis on
compatibility; and a development track that pursues more aggressive
evolution. Maintenance releases (which should be considered production
quality) have subversion numbers that run from 1
to 49
, and development releases (which should be considered ``alpha'' quality)
run from 50
to 99
Perl 5.005 is the combined product of the new dual-track development scheme.
Starting with Perl 5.004_50 there were many deep and far-reaching changes to the language internals. If you have dynamically loaded extensions that you built under perl 5.003 or 5.004, you can continue to use them with 5.004, but you will need to rebuild and reinstall those extensions to use them 5.005. See the INSTALL manpage for detailed instructions on how to upgrade.
The new Configure defaults are designed to allow a smooth upgrade from 5.004 to 5.005, but you should read the INSTALL manpage for a detailed discussion of the changes in order to adapt them to your system.
When none of the experimental features are enabled, there should be very few user-visible Perl source compatibility issues.
If threads are enabled, then some caveats apply. @_
and $_
become lexical variables. The effect of this should be largely transparent
to the user, but there are some boundary conditions under which user will
need to be aware of the issues. For example, local(@_) results in a ``Can't localize lexical variable @_
message. This may be enabled in a future version.
Some new keywords have been introduced. These are generally expected to
have very little impact on compatibility. See New INIT
New lock
keyword, and New qr operator.
Certain barewords are now reserved. Use of these will provoke a warning if
you have asked for them with the -w
switch. See our
is now a reserved word.
There have been a large number of changes in the internals to support the new features in this release.
prefix. New extensions should not
refer to perl globals by their unqualified names. To preserve sanity, we
provide limited backward compatibility for globals that are being widely
used like
and na
(which should now be written as PL_sv_undef,
PL_na etc.)
If you find that your
XS extension does not compile anymore because a perl
global is not visible, try adding a PL_
prefix to the global and rebuild.
It is strongly recommended that all functions in the Perl
API that don't begin with perl
be referenced with a Perl_
prefix. The bare function names without the Perl_
prefix are supported with macros, but this support may cease in a future
See API LISTING.
macro to initialize the handle to access per-thread data. If you see a
compiler error that talks about the variable thr
not being declared (when building a module that has
XS code), you need to add dTHR;
at the beginning of the block that elicited the error.
The API function perl_get_sv("@",FALSE) should be used instead of directly accessing perl globals as GvSV(errgv). The API call is backward compatible with existing perls and provides source compatibility with threading is enabled.
This version is NOT binary compatible with older versions. All extensions will need to be recompiled. Further binaries built with threads enabled are incompatible with binaries built without. This should largely be transparent to the user, as all binary incompatible configurations have their own unique architecture name, and extension binaries get installed at unique locations. This allows coexistence of several configurations in the same directory hierarchy. See INSTALL.
A few taint leaks and taint omissions have been corrected. This may lead to ``failure'' of scripts that used to work with older versions. Compiling with -DINCOMPLETE_TAINTS provides a perl with minimal amounts of changes to the tainting behavior. But note that the resulting perl will have known insecurities.
Oneliners with the -e
switch do not create temporary files anymore.
Many new warnings that were introduced in 5.004 have been made optional. Some of these warnings are still present, but perl's new features make them less often a problem. See New Diagnostics.
Perl has a new Social Contract for contributors. See Porting/Contract.
The license included in much of the Perl documentation has changed. Most of the Perl documentation was previously under the implicit GNU General Public License or the Artistic License (at the user's choice). Now much of the documentation unambigously states the terms under which it may be distributed. Those terms are in general much less restrictive than the GNU GPL. See the perl manpage and the individual perl man pages listed therein.
WARNING: Threading is considered an experimental feature. Details of the implementation may change without notice. There are known limitations and some bugs. These are expected to be fixed in future versions.
See README.threads.
WARNING: The Compiler and related tools are considered experimental. Features may change without notice, and there are known limitations and bugs. Since the compiler is fully external to perl, the default configuration will build and install it.
The Compiler produces three different types of transformations of a perl program. The C backend generates C code that captures perl's state just before execution begins. It eliminates the compile-time overheads of the regular perl interpreter, but the run-time performance remains comparatively the same. The CC backend generates optimized C code equivalent to the code path at run-time. The CC backend has greater potential for big optimizations, but only a few optimizations are implemented currently. The Bytecode backend generates a platform independent bytecode representation of the interpreter's state just before execution. Thus, the Bytecode back end also eliminates much of the compilation overhead of the interpreter.
The compiler comes with several valuable utilities.
is an experimental module to detect and warn about suspicious code,
especially the cases that the -w
switch does not detect.
can be used to demystify perl code, and understand how perl optimizes
certain constructs.
generates cross reference reports of all definition and use of variables,
subroutines and formats in a program.
show the lexical variables used by a subroutine or file at a glance.
is a simple frontend for compiling perl.
See ext/B/README
, the B manpage, and the respective compiler modules.
Perl's regular expression engine has been seriously overhauled, and many new constructs are supported. Several bugs have been fixed.
Here is an itemized summary:
Unneeded nodes removed; Substrings merged together; New types of nodes to process (SUBEXPR)* and similar expressions quickly, used if the SUBEXPR has no side effects and matches strings of the same length; Better optimizations by lookup for constant substrings; Better search for constants substrings anchored by $ ;
Changes in Perl code using RE engine:
More optimizations to s/longer/short/; study() was not working; /blah/ may be optimized to an analogue of index() if $& $` $' not seen; Unneeded copying of matched-against string removed; Only matched part of the string is copying if $` $' were not seen;
Backtracking might not restore start of $3. No feedback if max count for * or + on "complex" subexpression was reached, similarly (but at compile time) for {3,34567} Primitive restrictions on max count introduced to decrease a possibility of a segfault; (ZERO-LENGTH)* could segfault; (ZERO-LENGTH)* was prohibited; Long REs were not allowed; /RE/g could skip matches at the same position after a zero-length match;
(?<=RE) (?<!RE) (?{ CODE }) (?i-x) (?i:RE) (?(COND)YES_RE|NO_RE) (?>RE) \z
Better debugging output (possibly with colors), even from non-debugging Perl; RE engine code now looks like C, not like assembler; Behaviour of RE modifiable by `use re' directive; Improved documentation; Test suite significantly extended; Syntax [:^upper:] etc., reserved inside character classes;
(?i) localized inside enclosing group; $( is not interpolated into RE any more; /RE/g may match at the same position (with non-zero length) after a zero-length match (bug fix).
See the perlre manpage and the perlop manpage.
See banner at the beginning of malloc.c
for details.
Perl now contains its own highly optimized
routine. The new
is resistant to inconsistent comparison functions, so Perl's
sort() will not provoke coredumps any more when given poorly written sort subroutines. (Some
C library
s that were being used before used to have this problem.) In our testing,
the new qsort()
required the minimal number of pair-wise compares on average, among all
known qsort()
See perlfunc/sort
Perl's signal handling is susceptible to random crashes, because signals arrive asynchronously, and the Perl runtime is not reentrant at arbitrary times.
However, one experimental implementation of reliable signals is available
when threads are enabled. See Thread::Signal
. Also see INSTALL for how to build a Perl capable of threads.
The internals now reallocate the perl stack only at predictable times. In particular, magic calls never trigger reallocations of the stack, because all reentrancy of the runtime is handled using a ``stack of stacks''. This should improve reliability of cached stack pointers in the internals and in XSUBs.
Perl used to complain if it encountered literal carriage returns in
scripts. Now they are mostly treated like whitespace within program text.
Inside string literals and here documents, literal carriage returns are
ignored if they occur paired with newlines, or get interpreted as newlines
if they stand alone. This behavior means that literal carriage returns in
files should be avoided. You can get the older, more compatible (but less
generous) behavior by defining the preprocessor symbol
when building perl. Of course, all this has nothing whatever to do with how
escapes like \r
are handled within strings.
Note that this doesn't somehow magically allow you to keep all text files in DOS format. The generous treatment only applies to files that perl itself parses. If your C compiler doesn't allow carriage returns in files, you may still be unable to build modules that need a C compiler.
substr, pos and vec don't leak memory anymore when used in lvalue context. Many small leaks that impacted applications that embed multiple interpreters have been fixed.
The build-time option -DMULTIPLICITY
has had many of the details reworked. Some previously global variables that
should have been per-interpreter now are. With care, this allows
interpreters to call each other. See the PerlInterp
extension on
See Temporary Values via local().
is transparently tied to the the Errno manpage moduleSee the perlvar manpage, and the Errno manpage.
See the perlref manpage.
EXPR foreach EXPR
is supportedSee the perlsyn manpage.
See the perlsub manpage.
is meaningful on Win32See the perlvar manpage.
foreach (1..1000000)
foreach (1..1000000)
is now optimized into a counting loop. It does not try to allocate a
1000000-size list anymore.
can be used as implicitly quoted package name
Barewords caused unintuitive behavior when a subroutine with the same name
as a package happened to be defined. Thus, new Foo @args
, use the result of the call to Foo()
instead of Foo
being treated as a literal. The recommended way to write barewords in the
indirect object slot is new Foo:: @args
. Note that the method new()
is called with a first argument of Foo
, not Foo::
when you do that.
exists $Foo::{Bar::}
tests existence of a package
It was impossible to test for the existence of a package without actually
creating it before. Now exists $Foo::{Bar::}
can be used to test if the Foo::Bar
namespace has been created.
Perl5 has always had 64-bit support on systems with 64-bit longs. Starting with 5.005, the beginnings of experimental support for systems with 32-bit long and 64-bit 'long long' integers has been added. If you add -DUSE_LONG_LONG to your ccflags in config.sh (or manually define it in perl.h) then perl will be built with 'long long' support. There will be many compiler warnings, and the resultant perl may not work on all systems. There are many other issues related to third-party extensions and libraries. This option exists to allow people to work on those issues.
See prototype.
die() now accepts a reference value, and $@
gets set to that value in exception traps. This makes it possible to
propagate exception objects. This is an undocumented experimental feature.
See Destructors.
See printf.
subs are like BEGIN
and END
, but they get run just before the perl runtime begins execution. e.g., the
Perl Compiler makes use of
blocks to initialize and resolve pointers to XSUBs.
The lock
keyword is the fundamental synchronization primitive in threaded perl. When
threads are not enabled, it is currently a noop.
To minimize impact on source compatibility this keyword is ``weak'', i.e.,
any user-defined subroutine of the same name overrides it, unless a use Thread
has been seen.
The qr// operator, which is syntactically similar to the other quote-like operators, is used to create precompiled regular expressions. This compiled form can now be explicitly passed around in variables, and interpolated in other regular expressions. See the perlop manpage.
is now a reserved word
Calling a subroutine with the name our
will now provoke a warning when using the -w
See Array.
Several missing hooks have been added. There is also a new base class for TIEARRAY implementations. See Array.
can now both return
and replace in one operation. The optional 4th argument is the replacement
string. See substr.
with a negative
LENGTH argument now work similar to what the
LENGTH did for
Previously a negative
LENGTH was treated as 0. See
When you say something like substr($x, 5) = "hi"
, the scalar returned by
is special, in that any modifications to it affect $x. (This is called a 'magic lvalue' because an 'lvalue' is something on the left side of an assignment.) Normally, this is exactly what you would expect to happen, but Perl uses the same magic if you use
in a context where they might be modified, like taking a reference with
or as an argument to a sub that modifies @_
. In previous versions, this 'magic' only went one way, but now changes to
the scalar the magic refers to ($x in the above example) affect the magic
lvalue too. For instance, this code now acts differently:
$x = "hello"; sub printit { $x = "g'bye"; print $_[0], "\n"; } printit(substr($x, 0, 5));
In previous versions, this would print ``hello'', but it now prints ``g'bye''.
If $/
is a referenence to an integer, or a scalar that holds an integer,
<> will read in records instead of lines. For more info, see
Configure has many incremental improvements. Site-wide policy for building perl can now be made persistent, via Policy.sh. Configure also records the command-line arguments used in config.sh.
BeOS is now supported. See README.beos.
DOS is now supported under the DJGPP tools. See the README.dos manpage.
MPE/iX is now supported. See README.mpeix.
MVS (OS390) is now supported. See README.os390.
Win32 support has been vastly enhanced. Support for Perl Object, a C++ encapsulation of Perl. GCC and EGCS are now supported on Win32. See README.win32, aka perlwin32.
VMS configuration system has been rewritten. See README.vms.
The hints files for most Unix platforms have seen incremental improvements.
policy should be honored. There is also better support for manipulation of .packlist files, and getting information about installed modules.
Extensions that have both architecture-dependent and architecture-independent files are now always installed completely in the architecture-dependent locations. Previously, the shareable parts were shared both across architectures and across perl versions and were therefore liable to be overwritten with newer versions that might have subtle incompatibilities.
and related utilities have been vastly overhauled.
, a new experimental front end for the compiler is available.
The crude
GNU configure
emulator is now called configure.gnu
to avoid trampling on Configure
under case-insensitive filesystems.
used to be rather slow. The slower features are now optional. In
particular, case-insensitive searches need the -i
switch, and recursive searches need -r
. You can set these switches in the
environment variable to get the old behavior.
Config.pm now has a glossary of variables.
Porting/patching.pod has detailed instructions on how to create and submit patches for perl.
the perlport manpage specifies guidelines on how to write portably.
the perlmodinstall manpage describes how to fetch and install modules from CPAN
Some more Perl traps are documented now. See the perltrap manpage.
To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's imported
with the use subs
To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the CORE::
prefix on the operator (e.g. CORE::log($x)
) or by declaring the subroutine to be an object method (see the attrs manpage).
, but the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
$BADREF = 42; process $BADREF 1,2,3; $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
local $ar->{'key'}
, where $ar
is a reference to a pseudo-hash. That hasn't been
implemented yet, but you can get a similar effect by localizing the
corresponding array element directly -- local $ar->[$ar->[0]{'key'}]
errno values.
was given to
but there is
no builtin with the name word
(?{ ... })
zero-width assertion, which is unsafe. See (?{ code }), and the perlsec manpage.
(?{ ... })
zero-width assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the use re 'eval'
pragma is in effect. See (?{ code }).
(?{ ... })
zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an
(?{ code }).
or 'MyPackage');
hash in the type package at compile
time. The %FIELDS
hash is usually set up with the 'fields'
instead of $arr[$time]
%hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
*foo = undef
. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean undef *foo
prefix, or using a package qualifier, e.g. &our()
, or Foo::our()
perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LC_ALL = "En_US", LANG = (unset) are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the settings were that the LC_ALL was ``En_US'' and the LANG had no value. This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your system administrator have set up the so-called variable system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a ``default locale'' called ``C'' that Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in the perllocale manpage section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
routine failed for some reason while trying to process a
-e switch. Maybe your /tmp partition is full, or clobbered.
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the headers of recently posted articles in the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup. There may also be information at http://www.perl.com/perl/, the Perl Home Page.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug
program included with your release. Make sure you trim your bug down to a
tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of perl -V
, will be sent off to <email@example.com> to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
The Changes file for exhaustive details on what changed.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.
Written by Gurusamy Sarathy <firstname.lastname@example.com>, with many contributions from The Perl Porters.
Send omissions or corrections to <firstname.lastname@example.com>.
If rather than formatting bugs, you encounter substantive content errors in these documents, such as mistakes in the explanations or code, please use the perlbug utility included with the Perl distribution.


text:
4/7 in a nutshell… Pledge drive edition week 2, and our Rocket Ship visits (Derrick Morgan's) The Moon and The Planets (band) with their Follow the Leader. And no, I'm NOT dreaming… Kid-Nap is, and Hal Blaine's even Hallucinating, to boot! But they're not imagining Sammy Kaye Talking to the Animals by the light or Joe Loco's Silvery Moon, 'cuz that's actually happening! In the 4(+2)@4, lollies are getting popped by Millie Small, the mysterious fictitious Fizzy, Malaysia's finest Gerhana Ska Cinta, 2Toners Bad Manners and The Selecter, and originator Barbie (not Marvin's aunt) Gaye. The Strange Tenants kick off a month-long GotchaSKAvered tribute to Prince Buster's fave gangster Al Capone, and the Tokyo Ska make a respectable showing, complete with Shiina Ringo. By the way, we'd love it if she'd cut 2 more skas so we could make her our 4@4 feature at some point in the future. OK, everybody, now: Dreeeeeeamm aaahhh-nnn!
4/14 in a nutshell… Ska-de-wah! Maureen and Felicia get Mr. Chauffeured straight to the Vienna Woods to be taught the Ska, and Mr. Bond, James Bond, shows up… you just know there's a who-o-ole lotta mashin' goin' on even BEFORE the party meets up with Baron von Skankin' Frank… and quite a bit o' double-dip would characterize what Sherwood B. Funn gets up to by way of kicking off the lounge-y Hour 2! Lounge head-on collides with Ska in the 4@4 Joey Altruda tribute saluting two of his bands, and April's GotchaSKAvered cover subject Al Capone gets run through in short order by the Hotknives this week… ouch!
4/21 in a nutshell… A couple of truncated oops-wrong-track glitches (sonuvaglitch!) kick off an all-oldie Hour One this week, in which Laurel Aitken does NOT cover Little Richard, Sugar Dandy do not cry, and a paper boy does not pitch Kentrick Patrick the Morning News. Noteworthy nots in Sherwood's orbit include The Ventures playing Noisy Village (Not!), Teddy Mertens rockin' the Cabstand (Not!) and Larry Coryell landing us on Planet Middle (Not!). This week's 4(+1)@4 is higher than a kite, GotchaSKAvered's April cover subject Al Capone finds himself in the employ of Emperor Rosko (is this a great empire or what?) and Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra have something new to share with us… isn't that nice? Thanks, guys!
The Rocket Ship launched into light sprinkles this week, so The Silvertones' Raindrops seemed a good choice for openers in a set where we stopped that train, marched forward, loved both you and your company, and met Miss Lulu. ut y'know what never grows old? Toots hooking up with The Skatalites, Terry Hall and U-Roy for The Maytals' True Love all-star release of just a few years back. Somewhere in orbit around Sherwood's, Mr. Funn celebrated Duke Ellington and Earl Bostic, birthday boys this past week, and rediscovered where those Janelle Monae and Margot Blanche cds were filed. Babopbye-ya! Ska by artists not known for it made up the 4(+1)@4, and GotchaSKAvered sent Al Capone off to the court of the late great and infamously BBC-banned Judge Dread. Next week, new month, new cover ska-ng! Oww, that was bad… G-O-O-O-N-GGGG!!! :^)


text:
Troy Richards, 'The Perfect View (interior 1)', 24" x 72", Laser-cut vinyl on plexi, 2009
Imagine a stylish home or apartment from the early 1960s. You're looking at something from the set of Mad Men, perhaps: a Mies van der Rohe modernist pavilion of glass and slender steel, furnished with low chairs of Nordic design, op-art paintings on the walls, globe lamps hanging from the ceiling. Now picture what this home would look like if an airplane crashed into the garden. This is the world depicted in Troy Richards' exhibition 'The Perfect View' at Thomas Robertello Gallery in Chicago.
Three of the pieces are two feet high and six feet wide, and two more pieces, though smaller, still retain the landscape format. The landscape on view is of course far from perfect, as the intrusion of chaotic lines and shapes from the tangled wreckage disrupts the neatly ordered patterns of the interior design. Richards achieves his effects by novel methods: creating small models of the scenes, photographing and digitally manipulating them, having each shape in the scene laser-cut onto white adhesive vinyl, after which he patiently sticks each piece onto wide black plexiglass panels. The final pieces look like richly detailed linocuts, or like a brilliantly black-and-white version of Matisse's cutouts.
At the opening night last Friday, Richards told me that he wanted to create a balance between something that looks like it was produced mechanically, and something that retains the trace of human handiwork. There is evidently a conceptual underpinning to the images, but they are also extremely satisfying to look at, leading the eye to get lost in the profusion of patterns on carpets, paintings, furniture shapes, flowers, and the jagged diagonals of the crashed plane. If you want to have a rewarding visual experience at a welcoming commercial gallery, I would recommend making the trip to the West Loop to see this show.


text:
DICE 2011 Hot Topics - Free vs. Pay Games
Comments are Closed
Displaying 1–14 of 14
I think its more comming down to pay to play or play for free, or otherwise Xbox Live VS Playstation Network. Why should you have to go and pay $60 for a new game like the COD series and then turn around and pay to play it online. Playstion has came up with Playstion Plus but everyone doesnt have to get it, it just there for you if you like special disscounts and promos on game downloads or DLC. In my opinion Sony has got it right it aint always about money its about a community of players who can and will enjoy there system and gameplay.
Posted: February 17, 2011 3:50 AM -
Follow what works for you (gaming companies), gaming is so diverse why feel the need to just follow one or two business models.
Posted: February 13, 2011 3:41 PM -
I love free games. At least when the item malls sell things like xp boosts, or cosmetic things, stuff like that. Games such as Shaiya break the game by selling armor/enchanting items from the item mall, basically making he who has more money the unstoppable force. I used to play that game, for about 3 years. Then they started the item mall armors and such, and it's no fun anymore. Currently addicted to Vindictus and LoL, and they do it right. Don't get me wrong, i will pay for a game if i think it's worthwhile.
Posted: February 12, 2011 9:53 PM -
If you are against F2p then I encourage you to try Vindictus. THE best F2p game I've ever played if you don't mind cosmetic limitations like hair styles or the pacing mechanic; which isn't bad unless you have no life and just play mmo's all day.
Posted: February 11, 2011 9:13 PM -
P2P games are a money leech. First you have to buy the game and it's expansions, then the subscription fee. Quests for higher gear are near impossible and sometimes take ages to complete. All the while you're paying fees to play the game. F2P games like MapleStory aren't quite as good, lack content and do encourage you to spend money to buy gear/items, but at least you know you're guaranteed to get the item you want. I think games like Guild Wars, where you buy the game/expansions and the gameplay is free after that are the best option. You get quality content, quests that are challenging but cost nothing out of pocket if it takes a while to finish them and an economy that allows you to purchase gear with game currency you've earned.
Posted: February 11, 2011 1:43 PM -
I personally would never pay a monthly fee for a game, I got so many monthly fees for my car, phone, etc. that I try to avoid even a few bucks a month monthly fee on anything I don't need. So, I try out different F2P MMO's. Any that have a VIP, Gold, or whatever subscription service, I avoid too. They are just demos in the end. If you really plan on playing it a lot you eventually have to sign up for a subscription.
So, I play Perfect World (F2P MMO) now a lot. If you are skilled and patient enough, you can get anything you want in the game without spending any real money. The advantage to spending money, is you can sell gold (which is bought with real money) and sell it to people in game for coin. You can then buy good armor and weapons from other players with the coin you get for selling gold. Gold is used to buy mounts, fashion, etc. I will spend like 10 bucks every few months or so to save some time and get a better weapon or something. There are many players that spend a lot of money though. Later, they sell their stuff for less than they paid for it, and that is when people like me buy from them from coin I've saved up from questing/grinding. This is a good model for any F2P MMO, when looking for a good free one, find one that follows the same example, and you will see that it isn't as bad as you might think. It is true though that a good P2P MMO is better overall than a good F2P, but in the next couple of years, I won't be suprised if a F2P one comes out that can be compared to most good P2P. Also, I really do believe that all P2P MMOs are going to try to work in microtransactions in the future anyway, if they aren't already, so then you are paying a monthly fee and still spending money on the same crap you would spend it on in a free one with no additional fees.Posted: February 11, 2011 12:50 PM -
Companies are getting so caught up in the money that they are loosing track of what they are really trying to do. Instead of making a good game they are trying to maximize their profit, and some of them aren't even pay to play...yet. Just look at how Activision is sucking the life out of Call of Duty. Personally, I only buy games that are not pay to play because I don't see why I should have to pay for the internet connection, pay for connection to Xbox (if you have one), then pay for a game, AND ON TOP OF THAT PAY A MONTHLY FEE. Games today are bringing in so much revenue that companies should just be making good games that appeal to the masses, and not trying to bleed us out of the already costly 60 dollars it takes to buy the game in the first place. Lets not get to far ahead of ourselves.
Posted: February 11, 2011 12:10 PM -
There are many benefits to F2P, some major ones were touched upon at the end of this. There is no issue of piracy and there is no transaction needed for distribution. With a subscription service the player feels an obligation to play the game and almost always feel like they are not getting the most out of their money. F2P allows the option: people either have time or they have money.
Most successful shops that I've experienced are based off of either dlc, cosmetic items, convenience items, or some combination of the three. In LoL a player can buy a new champion to play with, in mabinogi a player might buy clothing to customize their individual character within the game, and in LotRO a player might get a mount to get around faster.
F2P also allows special weight to be given to certain aspects of a game. Say in an MMORPG you only get five stat resets when you start and any extra resets would cost actual money to purchase. This makes building your character have more weight to it because you can't just switch your stats on a whim, you actually have to consider the implications of what you do.Posted: February 11, 2011 8:29 AM -
Just by reading the brief description to Matt Johnstons' rebuttal of the posted video alone calls for a response. His argument that free-to-play games takes the player out of the gaming experience because of the burdens of microtransactions. This is a valid point which then suggests that subscription based models make the games more intriguing, thus, influences the player to be more involved with the product? In terms of obligations, yes. In terms of enjoyability, not so much. F2P games allows the player to have choice, whereas with subscription based modeled games there is a mandatory payment to play online, obviously.
Personally, I'd rather be given choices to my games where I pick which content would be worth my money instead of being forced into something I really don't want to do. In the long run F2P is more expensive. That's if the player buys every little thing that is released for that particular game. Add in choice and suddenly microtransactions don't seem so bad.Posted: February 11, 2011 4:31 AM -
*posting before i wached it*
its a tough call. there are a lot of good games out there for free. but there are also a lot of good games obviously that you pay for. im not going to say that the games you pay for are always better then free games, but more often then not, the quality is better, graphics, gameplay, content, etc. however, most FTP games are mmo type meaning there is endless content and most are constantly supported with patches and new content. what sucks is when you pay for a game and it ends up sucking. or when your paying roughly $60 per game. i honestly thing games need to be dropped down to $40. thats a fair price, where if its a game you didnt like or just an average game you didnt spend a paycheck on it. a lot of free games are also games where its FTP but you need to spend money when you wanna buy something like armor, or better content or the FTP is only half of the game whereas the whole game costs something. something like Champions Online where you can play the game without paying, but you get a lot more of the game by subscribing or more stuff by buying packages. the other thing is all the FTP games are on PC where anyone can make a game and put it up on the internet and have advertising pay the way. consoles are different. Sony/Microsoft/Nintendo are all responsible for the games. ppl cant just make a game and play it on their console. there is no advertising to help or anything. so its a completely different market. once they mix the console with the internet, you might see something like this where you could play console games or games from the internet. the new system The Cloud is heading in this direction somewhat.Posted: February 10, 2011 9:19 PM
Displaying 1–14 of 14


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Shenzhen City Dongtai sponge Ltd. specializes in producing all kinds of foam packaging materials, packaging foam boxes, shockproof foam packaging and other products
Features: soft and delicate, with strong resilience, sustainable use of easily deformed, cut flat. Sponge packaging materials, packaging foam boxes, shockproof packaging foam products for all walks of life played insulation, sealing, shock, dust, filling, noise, fixed and landscaping. According to their characteristics and role can be divided: packaging shockproof sponge, shockproof sponge molded, high-density shockproof sponge, shockproof sponge high rebound, the slow rebound sponge shockproof, fireproof sponge, shockproof sponge, soundproof sponge, wave sponge shock molding, wood pulp cotton molding, foam molding anti-static shock, low density shockproof sponge molding, shockproof foam filter molding, shaped sponge shock molding, color shockproof sponge, sponge column, sponge projectile, sponge stick, sponge ball, sponge lining, sponge tray forming, sponge holder molding, sponge, sponge, sponge toys, sponge tubes, stickers velvet sponge, positioning packaging, seismic sponge, sponge gum paste, compressed sponges, car wash sponges. shockproof sponge for all telephones, cell phones, computers, makeup gifts, speakers, toys, televisions, lighting, lithium-ion batteries, car tape recorders, gift boxes and other ancillary products industries, foam packaging materials, packaging foam boxes, shockproof packaging sponge product size, color, shape and quality in full compliance customer demand, welcome calls to negotiate or telex drawings.
In addition, I plant is also available upon request: Any shape shaped sponge production of other products (such as diameter and height, texture and density).


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Hottest New Restaurants to Hit over the Holidays
Eat, Drink and be Merry
By Tracie Broom, SF Station Food EditorSan Francisco is a barrel full of fish -- fabulous, restaurant-shaped fish -- and there's no letting up on the spawning. It's holiday time!
(Photo of Gitane: Jeff Dow)
View the list (and the dish) here.


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Yoga is like music. The rhythm of the body, the melody of the mind, the harmony of the soul create the symphony of life.
— BKS Iyengar
Crossroads Yoga: Celebrating 8 Years
We are proud of the beautiful yoga community that we have created. We couldn't have done it without all of you.
Crossroads Yoga is located in Crossroads Village at the corner of McArdle Road and Airline Road. We have plenty of room and a full complement of Yoga props to handle large classes of 15 students or better. Individuals and groups who are interested in private lessons will find that our studio is more than ready to fulfill their needs and requirements. Look around via our virtual tour below.
With a relaxing atmosphere that allows for a calm and soothing experience, we are confident that you will make Crossroads Yoga Studio your new Yoga home.
Paula and Gretchen
Yoga for Breast Cancer