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Fair Trade (episode)
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(written from a Production point of view)
A meeting with an old friend lands Neelix in an ever-deepening hole of trouble.
Summary Edit
For some time, Neelix has been trying to expand his usefulness; he has been considering roles as an engineer, or a security officer, or some other more official job. As the crew of the USS Voyager arrives at a dense, menacing cloud barrier, the Nekrit Expanse, they stop at a space station administered by Bahrat to take on supplies. Neelix advises caution.
During the away mission to the station, Neelix meets up with an old friend, Wixiban ("Wix"), who was in a smuggling operation with him a long time ago, which ended in a run-in with the Ubeans and landed Wix in prison. After the jovial reunion, Wix and Neelix get to talking. While Neelix impresses his old friend with the tales of Voyager, he finally admits that he thinks he may not be needed anymore. His knowledge of space goes only as far as the Nekrit Expanse and he is no longer useful as a guide. As a result, he has been trying to acquire a map of the area on this station.
On board Voyager, Wix visits Neelix while Neelix was working in his kitchen. Wix was able to help Voyager to get some magnetic spindle bearings. In private, Wix tells Neelix that he knows where to get pergium (a rare commodity that Voyager needs) and a map. He also tells a different story, one of great difficulty and burdensome debts. He is unable to leave the station because his shuttle is being impounded by the station master. Playing upon Neelix's sympathies for him, he asks for a favor: he wants Neelix to get a Voyager shuttlecraft which he and Wix will use to complete a secret transaction in exchange for the pergium and the map. He explains that he is selling medical supplies to get back his shuttle and wants to do it in secret to avoid the station master's twenty percent cut of the profits. All Neelix has to do is hide this information from the crew. Neelix agrees.
Unfortunately, the true nature of the transaction becomes apparent when Wix and Neelix meet the potential buyer. He is Sutok, the same man who tried to sell drugs to Commander Chakotay and Lieutenant jg Tom Paris when Voyager first docked with the station. From Wix's and Sutok's interaction, Neelix deduces that the medical supplies can actually be used as a narcotic, making this trip not only highly dangerous but highly illegal. Sutok attempts to get the drugs for nothing by trying to kill both Talaxians. This results in a firefight and Wix kills Sutok in self-defense with a phaser he took from the shuttle. In panic, the two of them beam out and fly the shuttle back to Voyager – leaving the dead body to be found by Bahrat's men. Neelix is furious at being betrayed but Wix soothes him with more emotional manipulation and convinces him to cover it up and not tell anyone on the ship.
Bahrat informs Captain Kathryn Janeway that a murder has occurred on the station, and a Federation phaser's energy signature was detected at the scene. Janeway promises that Voyager will give full co-operation during the investigation. Neelix, who is present at the briefing, feels uneasy.
As part of the investigation, Neelix accompanies Lieutenant Tuvok to the station to interview Wix. Wix gives a cover story of him being asleep at the time of the shootings. After Tuvok has left, Wix tells Neelix that he was acting as an agent for some Kolaati suppliers in the drug trade. The suppliers, not at all happy with the loss of their drugs, agrees to let them live if Wix can get some warp plasma from Voyager. Wix persuades Neelix to help him once again but when Neelix tries to steal it, he can't bring himself to do it.
When Neelix and Wix meet at the station at the arranged time, Neelix tells Wix that he couldn't steal from his friends. They are interrupted by Bahrat arresting Chakotay and Paris, who are nearby, charging them with murder and dealing illegal drugs, because they were seen talking with Sutok hours before he was killed. Janeway is furious that Chakotay and Paris were arrested based on circumstantial evidence that does not prove any connection to the crime, but Bahrat is adamant that someone be punished for the crimes by fifty years of cryostatic suspension.
However, to save Chakotay and Paris, Neelix devises a plan, which Wix reluctantly agrees to. He and Wix tell the truth about the incident to Bahrat, who is furious. They are then able to talk their way out of being put into cryostasis by explaining that these smugglers are defeating internal security and that they will help Bahrat and his men catch the criminals when they return for the plasma. Expecting their attempt to be futile, the station master agrees.
Neelix gets a canister from Bahrat with tainted warp plasma and deactivates the safeties. The suppliers, led by Tosin, arrive to meet with Neelix and Wix. When Tosin accepts the canister he realizes that it is worthless but Neelix quickly tells him the canister has been leaking plasma into the room and any energy discharge from his weapon will ignite the entire section. Bahrat arrives and attempts to arrest them but one of the suppliers fires anyways and the ensuing plasma fire knocks Neelix unconscious.
When he reawakens in sickbay, he is told by Tuvok that one of the criminals has been killed and the rest have been taken in to custody by Bahrat, and Wix has gotten his shuttle back and has gone on his way. Janeway arrives and after dismissing the others, demands an explanation from Neelix. Only then does Neelix come clean to the captain as to how the situation arose: he wanted a map and got caught in a cover-up. After a stern lecture from the Captain, Neelix is prepared to accept his fate, which he presumes to be compelled to leave the ship permanently. To his relief (in fact, he is barely able to contain his excitement) the captain explains to him that the crew is a family, and he cannot simply walk away from his responsibilities. He gladly accepts his sentence of two weeks of cleaning out the ship's exhaust manifolds.
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Log entries Edit
- "Captain's log, supplemental. I have called a meeting of the senior staff to inform them of some very disturbing news I have just received."
Background information Edit
Story and script Edit
- This episode had the working title "Old Scores". [1]
- The story for this episode, conceived by freelance writing partners Ron Wilkerson and Jean Louise Matthias, began development in Star Trek: Voyager's first season and was originally intended to be included in that season but was kept back so that the episode "Jetrel" could be produced instead. Commenting on the idea at a point prior to its development into this episode, Ron Wilkerson said, "[It] would have established Neelix as a much more substantial character. The story was essentially like Carlito's Way in the sense that this guy comes on the ship and Neelix pretends he doesn't know him, but in fact they were in jail together and he helped Neelix escape and they split up afterward, and now he's looking to get Neelix to do something for him or he'll reveal his past to everyone." Wilkerson was particularly fond of the concept, describing it as "a nice episode" and expressing much disappointment that it had not been made. (Captains' Logs Supplemental - The Unauthorized Guide to the New Trek Voyages) Executive producer Jeri Taylor later said of this episode, "It's actually a story that we had lying around since the very first season. We thought that it had a kernel of something in it for Neelix, but we had never been able to develop it to our satisfaction." (Cinefantastique, Vol. 29, No. 6/7)
- The key, according to Jeri Taylor, was the concept of Neelix becoming less familiar with the space surrounding the starship Voyager. Speaking at the end of the series' third season, Taylor explained, "This last season, I started thinking that if we are going at high warp speed toward home, we would be covering a great deal of distance. That would mean that at some point we would probably run out of the space that Neelix understands. I thought, here is exactly the take for that story we've been trying to do." (Cinefantastique, Vol. 29, No. 6/7) Indeed, Jeri Taylor was highly pleased that the plot concept from the first season could be revived, as the writing staff of Star Trek: Voyager had unsuccessfully tried to come up with a workable Neelix story for the third season of the series. "We hadn't found a good story for Neelix yet this season," Taylor said at the time, "so I was really delighted to do this one." (Star Trek Monthly issue 24, p. 15)
- The writer of the episode's teleplay was long-time Star Trek science consultant André Bormanis; this installment was his first writing contribution to the series. He had previously pitched some Star Trek story ideas that had not been entirely successful. "I sold two to ST:VOY last year, and we didn't go to teleplay on either of those," he revealed, during Voyager's third season. (Star Trek Monthly issue 25, p. 39) He later noted, "I sold a couple of stories to Voyager and then had the opportunity to write a teleplay." [2] Additionally, Bormanis recalled, "They asked me if I was interested in writing a script for season three of Voyager, and of course I said, 'Yes.'" Bormanis found that making the transition between serving as science consultant on Star Trek and contributing as a writer was "very natural", having read "every draft of every script for TNG, DS9 and Voyager" in his capacity as science consultant. [3] He also enjoyed writing and imagining ideas himself. (Star Trek Monthly issue 25, p. 39)
- André Bormanis introduced the Nekrit Expanse during the script-writing process. He explained, "The Nekrit Expanse is something that I came up with, for my first script for Voyager. We wanted to suggest a region of space that was rather dangerous, that was difficult to navigate. It was too big to go around, we had to figure out a way to go through it. And the Expanse itself, I kind of modeled after some of the regions that we've identified, in telescopes, in our galaxy that you probably wouldn't want to send a space probe into, at least not very far [....] So that was the basic idea. You know, sort of a dark and spooky place that would be very difficult to navigate, very dangerous, and we have no idea what's on the other side because it's sufficiently opaque that our sensors can't penetrate very far into it." (Real Science With Andre Bormanis, VOY Season 3 DVD special features)
- The episode's final script draft was submitted on 7 October 1996. [4]
- Ultimately, the producers were extremely pleased with André Bormanis' work on this episode's script. He later recollected, "They thought I did a good job with it, and had me do a few more." [5] In fact, this was the first of seven Star Trek: Voyager episodes that Bormanis was involved in writing. He was later granted a place on the writing staff of Star Trek: Enterprise.
Deleted scene Edit
- Although a long-running romantic relationship between Kes and Neelix apparently ends in the earlier third season episode "Warlord", their break-up was never shown, so a scene was written for this episode to give the relationship some closure. The character moment, set in Voyager's science lab, was scripted as scene 48 and starts with a scene description that – referring to Kes and Neelix – includes the significant sentence, "She has no way of knowing that he believes this is the last time he will ever see her." (Star Trek: Voyager Companion) The scene was filmed, in the set for Voyager's science laboratory. (Star Trek Magazine issue 179, p. 78) Neelix actor Ethan Phillips said of the scene, "I go into the science lab and I see Kes, and I haven't talked to Kes since 'Warlord,' which was several episodes back. And I talk to her and I say, 'You know, I know we've drifted apart, and I know that we're no longer a pair, but I want you to know that I still love you and that you'll always be my best friend.' And she receives that information, she hears it and tells me back the same thing, basically. And we have a kind of a closure, and it was a lovely little scene." (Voyager Time Capsule: Kes, VOY Season 3 DVD special features) Phillips also thought the scene, which was approximately five minutes long, was "very beautiful." (Star Trek Magazine issue 179, p. 78) He added, "It's right before I'm about to go on this trip where I might get killed, where I present the leaking warp plasma canister to the crazy alien. I wanted her to know that I relished what we had and that I still loved her as a friend." (The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine, issue #14, pp. 43-44)
- The scene was deleted from the episode due to time constraints. (Star Trek: Voyager Companion; The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine, issue #14, p. 44) Ethan Phillips specified that the scene's removal was "because they had to trim." (Voyager Time Capsule: Kes, VOY Season 3 DVD special features) He regretted that the scene was edited out of this installment. Shortly after completing work on the episode, the actor remarked, "It really was a key scene. I felt we needed an on-camera moment to recognize the fact that this three-year relationship had ended. We certainly didn't get to see them break up on screen in a satisfying way, and we also didn't see them at least have some sort of conversation about what occurred. As it was, there was no real resolution, and I don't think the fans like not having some sense of closure. The producers know my feelings about this and they must have their reasons for doing it the way they did." (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, pp. 60 & 62) In a later interview, Phillips expressed, "I think it gave the characters – and certainly would have given the fans – a sense that, 'Well, it's over, but at least we know how it ended.' Then they never included that scene because, I guess, the writers didn't think the arc was important enough to warrant it. I always thought that was a mistake." (Star Trek Magazine issue 179, p. 78) The scripted version of the scene can be found, in its entirety, in the Star Trek: Voyager Companion.
Cast and characters Edit
- Jeri Taylor was very pleased with Ethan Phillips' performance as Neelix in this episode. "Ethan Phillips was wonderful," she enthused. (Cinefantastique, Vol. 29, No. 6/7)
- Ethan Phillips himself thoroughly enjoyed this episode, aside from his disappointment at the scene deletion. He remarked, "Overall, I thought it was a very good show for me." (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, pp. 60 & 62) In fact, Phillips cited this episode (in common with "Rise") as a Neelix-related highlight of the third season, remembering, "I was very happy with 'Fair Trade'." (Star Trek Monthly issue 33, p. 38) He also noted, "I liked 'Fair Trade' a lot." (Cinefantastique, Vol. 29, No. 6/7)
- In particular, Ethan Phillips liked how this episode portrays his character of Neelix; the actor cited the installment, for example, as one of several episodes whose scripts excited him, upon first reading them and discovering that they revealed facets of his character that he hadn't known about before. Phillips explained, "There was an awful lot we learned about Neelix. I learned that he did have a shady past; that he was willing to sacrifice his life for the USS Voyager crew; and, in the middle of the show, we also saw that he was willing to jeopardize his position on the ship for the sake of what he felt he owed his friend. We saw that Neelix could be loyal and brave and have a lot of integrity, which are all very important qualities [....] I also thought they set the stage for some interesting stuff with Neelix – the ship is now out of his range of knowledge of space, he's as lost as everybody else and he can't serve Janeway as guide any more. At the end of the episode, Captain Janeway tells Neelix that he is a vital member of the crew. I think he needed to hear that, because he needs to feel wanted. That's a big part of who he is." (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, pp. 60 & 62) Further considering the episode's conclusion, Phillips elaborated, "When the captain said, 'You're a member of the crew and you're not leaving,' it was a really good thing for him to hear. He needed to hear it. He really had nowhere to go but back to his old life. For him to have his value to the ship and to Janeway reiterated to him was wonderful." (The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine, issue #14, p. 43)
- Ethan Phillips was proud of his own acting herein. "I'm my own hardest critic," he declared, "and I'm pleased with my performance. I liked about 50 percent of it." (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, p. 62)
- Ethan Phillips was also thrilled by the performance that Wixiban actor James Nardini delivered for this installment. Phillips noted, "I thought James gave a very good performance as Wixiban." (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, p. 62)
- Director Jesús Salvador Treviño enjoyed working with both Ethan Phillips and James Nardini, despite the experience being somewhat surreal for Treviño. The director enthused, "Ethan Phillips was great to work with. We were fortunate because he and James Nardini had a great chemistry. It was quite exciting to see them work together because James immediately understood the whole Talaxian thing. I actually forgot I was dealing with actors, because I met James only at the audition before he came onto the set in makeup. I had only met Ethan once as well and then he was on the set as Mr. Talaxian. I was giving direction to two Talaxians." (The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine, issue #15)
- Garrett Wang (Harry Kim) does not appear in this episode, being one of only two occasions when Wang does not appear, the other being the later third season episode "Blood Fever".
- Prior to portraying Tosin in this installment, actor James Horan appeared as Jo'Bril and Lieutenant Barnaby in TNG: "Suspicions" and "Descent, Part II" respectively. He would go on to play First Ikat'ika in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episodes "In Purgatory's Shadow" and "By Inferno's Light", as well as the recurring character of the Humanoid Figure during the first two seasons of Star Trek: Enterprise. This is his only appearance in Star Trek: Voyager.
- This is the only appearance of Carlos Carrasco (Bahrat) in Star Trek: Voyager. He previously played D'Ghor in DS9: "The House of Quark" and a mirror universe Klingon in DS9: "Shattered Mirror". His next and last Star Trek role was as Krole in DS9: "Honor Among Thieves".
- Ultimately, Jesús Treviño was generally pleased with all the acting in this episode. He noted, "The performances came out so nicely." (The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine, issue #15)
- This was the first Star Trek episode ever directed by Jesús Treviño. Having previously directed episodes of other television series, a meeting with Jeri Taylor had subsequently led Treviño to helm this episode, prior to being invited to direct both other episodes of Voyager as well as episodes of DS9. One preparation method that Treviño utilized was watching many previous Voyager episodes. He recalled, "Before I did my first episode of Voyager, I had spent several weeks viewing almost every episode that they had done. So when I did 'Fair Trade,' I was pretty clear on the back stories of a lot of the people." (Star Trek: Communicator issue 119, pages 65 & 69)
- James Horan was unprepared for the experience of wearing the makeup created for Tosin. "The Kolaati was interesting," Horan recalled, "because, as they're putting it on me, they go, 'You don't have a problem not breathing through your nose, do you?'" After laughing, Horan continued by recounting, "'No, I guess not.' But fourteen hours later, of course, I'm going [in an extremely nasally voice], 'I've a problem in this.'" [6] Horan also cited his role in this episode as the worst make-up he ever had to wear for Star Trek, commenting, "In an almost all of them I've had a nosehole, but in this one, because of the way the nose was shaped, as they're putting it on they're saying, 'You don't have a problem not breathing through your nose, do you?' And I'm saying, 'Errr ... well, I guess not!' And then 14 hours later I'm gasping." (Star Trek: The Magazine Volume 2, Issue 10, p. 45)
- According to James Horan, the scenes of this installment that involve his character of Tosin constituted "a couple of days' work." (Star Trek: The Magazine Volume 2, Issue 10, p. 45)
- The weapon that Tosin levels at Neelix during the warp plasma undercover bust resembles the Varon-T disruptor prop from TNG: "The Most Toys". According to the unauthorized reference book Delta Quadrant (p. 160), all of the Kolaati weapons were stock weapon props from Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.
- Also according to the book Delta Quadrant (p. 160), the space station set in this episode was a redress of the Akritirian maximum security detention facility from the earlier third season installment "The Chute".
- The station set was artificially extended via blue screen. Jesús Treviño remembered, "Voyager was to visit a space station out in a different sector of space, and we wanted it to look like a place that would house a lot of different aliens. Of course, we had a limited set. Richard James, the production designer, had built this set and working with him we devised a way in which I could shoot the same set using blue screen, ... giving our story a much grander looking production scale. What I wound up doing was I shot a plate looking back in the other direction, and then I put that plate of the same environment with different people and I popped it into the blue screen, so in effect it doubled the distance of the set. And I did that three times." (Star Trek: Communicator issue 119, p. 66) Treviño also noted, at one point, that this episode included a good example of him working "with the art director to make it seem as if a set is far larger than it is." (The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine, issue #15)
- Ethan Phillips liked working with Jesús Treviño on this installment. Phillips recalled, "I was especially fond of the director, Jesús Treviño. It was the first time we'd worked with him, and he was very inventive and very easy and fun to work with. I think he did a terrific job." (Cinefantastique, Vol. 29, No. 6/7) Phillips also commented, "Jesus Trevino did a nice job of directing the show – I think we're going to be seeing a lot more of him." (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, p. 62)
- In summation of this episode, Jesús Treviño remarked, "I had a great deal of fun doing it." (Star Trek: Communicator issue 119, p. 65)
Continuity Edit
- In airing order, this episode marks the debut of the recurring character of Ensign Vorik (although he also appears in "Alter Ego", which was produced first). This male Vulcan character was introduced prior to his central role in "Blood Fever" so that audiences would be familiar with him by then. Vorik subsequently reappears at least once a season, right up until the end of the series run. The character was played by Alexander Enberg, the son of Jeri Taylor. On Star Trek: The Next Generation, Enberg once played a character similar to Vorik, appearing as a Vulcan engineer named Taurik in the episode "Lower Decks". Jeri Taylor once suggested that Taurik and Vorik were twin brothers.
- In the later third season episode "Distant Origin", a group of Voth scientists visit the Nekrit Expanse station while tracking down Voyager. A canister of warp plasma they acquire at the space station is an acknowledgment of the events of "Fair Trade", providing good continuity links between the episodes. However, the writers apparently forgot that Neelix destroyed it in this episode and that the warp plasma was a lower grade substitute.
- At the end of this episode, Janeway tells Neelix, "The first duty of every Starfleet officer is the truth." This is what Captain Picard tells Wesley Crusher in TNG: "The First Duty".
- This was the first Star Trek: Voyager episode whose original airing followed the first broadcast of DS9: "Rapture", in which the DS9 crew switched to a new uniform style that audiences had already seen in Star Trek: First Contact. Thus, this episode is at the point in Star Trek: Voyager's run when the old Starfleet uniforms worn by the Voyager crew became outdated, due to being stranded in the Delta Quadrant.
Reception and aftermath Edit
- Both Jeri Taylor and Jesús Salvador Treviño found this episode to be intriguing. "The story was pretty interesting," Treviño noted. (The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine, issue #15) Jeri Taylor remarked, "This was a very questionable show." (Cinefantastique, Vol. 29, No. 6/7)
- Both Jesús Treviño and Jeri Taylor were also highly satisfied with this episode in general. Taylor once described this installment as "a very strong Neelix story." (Star Trek Monthly issue 24, p. 15) Similarly, Treviño referred to the installment as "an excellent show." (Star Trek: Communicator issue 119, p. 65) He also noted, "I was very pleased with the episode [...] and we were able to attain [a] sense of wonder." (The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine, issue #15)
- This episode achieved a Nielsen rating of 4.2 million homes, and a 7% share. [7]
- Ethan Phillips believed that this episode's revelations about Neelix were not only news to him but also, possibly, to Star Trek fandom. Regarding the qualities that this episode shows Neelix to have – including loyalty and bravery – Phillips stated, "I don't know that the fans had seen much of those things in him before or perceived him that way until they got to see 'Fair Trade'." (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, p. 60) The actor also said that the episode "allowed Neelix to share some of his past with his audience". (Star Trek Monthly issue 33, p. 38)
- Cinefantastique rated this episode 3 out of 4 stars. (Cinefantastique, Vol. 29, No. 6/7, p. 100)
- Star Trek Monthly scored this episode 3 out of 5 stars, defined as "Warp Speed". (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, p. 57)
- The unauthorized reference book Delta Quadrant (p. 161) gives this installment a rating of 2 out of 10.
- This episode won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series. It beat out DS9: "Trials and Tribble-ations", which was nominated in the same category.
- This episode was also nominated by the Art Designer's Society as one of their five finalists in the category of television.
- Following his work on this episode, Ethan Phillips held onto hope that the dissolution of Neelix's relationship with Kes would be addressed elsewhere in the future, in lieu of this episode's scene deletion. Phillips noted, "I'm still hopeful that we'll address it somehow in a future episode." (Star Trek Monthly issue 28, p. 62) He would later express satisfaction with Kes and Neelix's final scene together, in "The Gift". (Star Trek Monthly issue 33, p. 39)
- At the start of Star Trek: Voyager's fourth season, Ethan Phillips related that the suggestions, in this episode, of Neelix acting as Ambassador for the starship Voyager "I believe is something they're going to explore in this season." (Star Trek Monthly issue 33, p. 38)
- When Ethan Phillips watched this episode years after its production, he found that he was very proud of the episode. On 25 November, 2003, Phillips remarked, "About six months ago, this guy asked me to speak at a college about the business of acting. They showed a bunch of stuff I had done. One thing they showed was an episode of Star Trek – 'Fair Trade,' where Neelix deals with these intergalactic drug dealers. I hadn't seen the show. I don't think I ever saw it. And we all sat down and watched it, and I was just blown away. It was such a good show. The acting, the lighting, the music; the whole production. It was great television, and I was really proud of it." (Voyager Time Capsule: Neelix, VOY Season 3 DVD special features)
Apocrypha Edit
- This episode influenced Jeri Taylor to include the character of Wixiban into her novel Pathways, as part of Neelix's backstory. (Star Trek: The Magazine Volume 1, Issue 6, p. 92)
Video and DVD releases Edit
- UK VHS release (two-episode tapes, CIC Video): Volume 3.7, 2 June 1997
- As part of the VOY Season 3 DVD collection
Links and references Edit
Starring Edit
Also starring Edit
- Robert Beltran as Chakotay
- Roxann Biggs-Dawson as B'Elanna Torres
- Jennifer Lien as Kes
- Robert Duncan McNeill as Tom Paris
- Ethan Phillips as Neelix
- Robert Picardo as The Doctor
- Tim Russ as Tuvok
- Garrett Wang as Harry Kim
Guest stars Edit
- James Nardini as Wixiban
- Carlos Carrasco as Bahrat
- Alexander Enberg as Vorik
- Steve Kehela as Sutok
- James Horan as Tosin
- Eric Sharp as the map dealer
Uncredited co-stars Edit
- Tracee Cocco as Tak Tak
- Ken Gruz as Tak Tak
- Mark Major as Tak Tak
- Unknown performers as
- Two Tosin's companions
- Two Bahrat's Security Guards
References Edit
47; advisor; anarchy; astrometric chart; bartering; bio-mimetic gel; concussion; coordinate chart; cryostatic suspension; database; Delta Quadrant; deuterium maintenance; dilithium matrix; duotronic probe; environmental control; exhaust manifold; Federation; fire snake; gagh; gravitic caliper; impulse response filter; isonucleic residue; Jefferies tube; junior grade; Kes; Klingon; Kolaati; lung disease; magnetic spindle bearing; map dealer; murder; narcotic; Nekrit Expanse; Orillian lung maggot; pergium; type 2 phaser; phase lock; plasma burn; warp plasma canister; plasma injector; plasma storm; reaction control assembly; replicator; rhuludian crystal; smuggler; spectral analysis; station manager; Talaxian; tavern; toffa ale; Ubean; vermin; Vulcans; warp plasma; warp plasma particle
External link Edit
- "Fair Trade" at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works
Previous episode: "Macrocosm" | Star Trek: Voyager Season 3 | Next episode: "Alter Ego" |


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Love my new stove
Bought this a month ago to replace a glass topped electric stove that I really didn't like. The high powered burner on this stove is wonderful when it comes to boiling water. The simmer...Read complete review
Bought this a month ago to replace a glass topped electric stove that I really didn't like. The high powered burner on this stove is wonderful when it comes to boiling water. The simmer settings are also great. Love that it has the steam clean option in the oven. Also love that the shelves don't have to be removed for cleaning ever!
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I love how this product cooks our food but it is an absolute nightmare to clean. The first time I used the front right oversized burner to cook a large pot of...Read complete review
I love how this product cooks our food but it is an absolute nightmare to clean. The first time I used the front right oversized burner to cook a large pot of chili.....I dripped a little bit of the chili on the stove top. It ate right through the finish in a matter of minutes. I have also dripped small amounts of food on the aluminum rims surounding the burners. This has immediately stained the rims and will not wash off. This stove is to be cleaned with water only. This only works if I turn the burners off and remove my pots and pans and remove the grates while still hot and wipe down the food in the middle of my cooking process. If I wait and use even a mild cleaning product.....it removes the finish. I would not purchase this stove again.
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Great Product
By Campman
from Scotia, NY, United States
Comments about GE Profile Black Free-Standing Gas Range:
Nice Stove with good features. Product was packed well and it was easy to setup.
Great features
By Max78
from San Diego, CA, United States
Love the 19,0000 btu burner! The oven cooks beautifully, and appreciate being able to cook with and without the convection feature.
Top Burners Don't Light
By Jay41
from Viera, FL
We have had the stove for about 3 months and 4 service calls, by GE contracted repair service and the top burners are difficult or impossible to ignite. The repair folks admited the knew next to nothing about gas ranges and it showed. Had to contact customer relations in order to schedule a "real" GE repair person. Either the repair men didn't know what the were doing or the ignitor design is faulty, hopefully we'll find out soon when the REAL GE repair person shows up.
Bakes and roasts well.
By Janetck
from McKeesport, PA
We have this stove for a month or so and it bakes and roasts well, but we have a problem with the steam clean. The steam clean will not work unless we unplug and than plug the stove back in the stove, so it resets the electronics, and then the steam clean will work.
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We wanted a free standing stove
By lljane
from California
We are very disappointed the top burner section of the stove does line up with the bottom oven section of the stove. Our stove sets above our counter top so it is very noticeable. We didn't notice the stove was not in alignment until after it was installed. We are happy with the performance of the oven.
New height in design flaws
By Tely
from Fairfax County, VA, United States
Bought this range six months ago. Have had repair people visit me 3 times in this period. More time not working, than actually operable. Waiting for the same part, once again. This has been an expensive mistake.
Substantial range
By Davethedoer
from NW Ohio
Easy to install and conversion was well documented to LPG. Controls are good and middle burner is no lightweight.
very disappointed
By bob1954
from Texas, United States
the pots do not sit level on the grates; causing uneven cooking
By JuneL
from Florida, United States
Delivery is subject to reasonable access to the area without damaging the purchaser's property or the product, or jeopardizing the safety of the delivery personnel.
Fill out the form below to request Better Price for this product.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(6443 quotes found)
"I'd never join a club that would allow a person like me to become a member."
Woody Allen
"First person to appreciate the good points of others is always special in life as he or she manifests his or her leadership through initiatives."
Anuj Somany
"Selfish people look for success and are in great majority with good bonhomie, but others who crave for excellence are in extreme minority with enthusiasm as their sole inspiration and motivation."
"I knew that I had come face to face with some one whose mere personality was so fascinating that, if I allowed it to do so, it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself."
Oscar Wilde
"A man is but the product of his thoughts what he thinks, he becomes."
Mahatma Gandhi
"The only person you are destined to become is the person you decide to be."
Ralph Waldo Emerson
"It matters not what a person is born, but who they choose to be."
Joanne Kathleen Rowling
"Today you are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than You."
Dr. Seuss
"Life isn't about finding yourself. Life is about creating yourself."
George Bernard Shaw
"You are the only person on earth who can use your ability."
Zig Ziglar


text:
Lawyers and Notaries
The firm is one of the largest and most renowned firms in Macau, with a strong reputation for proactive problem-solving. The firm's large and experienced team of multilingual lawyers and private notaries provide high-quality legal services and advice on a wide range of matters.
Lawyers | Notaries | Trainee-Lawyers | Jurists
The firm is a member of the Miranda Alliance, an international association of law firms with a presence in Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Houston-Texas, Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé e Príncipe, East-Timor and the United Kingdom, thus having access to a wide pool of international expertise in multiple jurisdictions.


text:
For FBI agent Sam Steele, there's no room for error or emotions on his latest undercover assignment. Getting close to gallery owner Jennifer Robbins while on an Alaskan cruise is the only way to catch her dealing stolen art. Out on the icy seas, Jen suddenly goes from suspect to victim when she's targeted by a deadly enemy. And Sam's mission goes from investigating an art crime to protecting the woman who's begun to melt his heart. As danger looms closer, he'll do anything to save her life—even if it costs him his own.
- I'm a "nana"! It is soooo much fun. And the best part is that my three-year-old granddaughter and not-yet-one grandson live only a five minute drive away, so whenever I'm in need of a hug or a smile or a good belly laugh, I can hop in my car and escape my uncooperative characters to play with real ones. J
- I love to play games, and I got to tell you that I was never one of those moms that let her kids win. Uh, uh, I'm pretty competitive. Around here, we enjoy a good game of Settlers of Catan, usually one of the extended versions to make it more challenging. And just like week a played hooky from writing to attend the afternoon "adult fellowship" (which is the code word for seniors group, which despite being a nana, I'm still at least a decade or two too young to qualify), because…they were playing games. We had a rousing game of Rook, which I didn't lose. Almost, but I did manage to win the last hand which saved me from finishing dead last. J Oh, and I totally justify going out as "character research." I came home totally inspired as to how to write my heroine's frustration at losing!
- Last fun fact, I'm a Jill-of-all-trades. I've renovated two houses doing everything from installing windows, doors, trim, flooring, siding, insulating, shingling, hanging cabinets, plumbing—even put in the kitchen sink J. I also designed and built a small horse run in. I've tried my hand at just about everything except the electrical stuff—that's hubby's department. And here's the rest of the story. Renovating is a GREAT excuse for having a messy house. I much preferred building something than cleaning, because…you still had something to show for it three hours later! Sadly, I can't say the same thing about writing. The house is a disaster, but eight hours later, I might have less words than when I started the day and no one sees them anyway!!!


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I offer three forms of consultation.
Consultation through Skype, Phone and Email.
If you want to Skype, my rate is $1/min.
Minimum payment required is $30 for a 30 minute session.
If you want to talk over the phone, my rate is $1/min.
I take both local (United States) and international calls.
Minimum payment required is $30 for a 30 minute session.
If you would rather email me with a question, I have a flat rate of $15.
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text:
Patrizio Belcampo
Crash Three
Art Pistol
Limited Edition Screenprint
0% Finance
Crash Three by Patrizio Belcampo
Limited Edition
Limited edition screen print of only 14.
Size: 57 x 57 cm
Quote from the Artist
'The initial concept for the whole series was to imagine post-train crash scenarios in different times of railway history. The objects and people inside the train would become fused with the environment on the site of the crash, becoming integrated with it and reforming as seemingly functioning complex organisms. In order to generate ideas as to the elements/imagery to use in each one of these hybrid structures, I sought inspiration in the biography of eminent Victorian (or Victorian-born) figures in whose life and achievement I have an interest. The place and date of their death appears in the background of each print. These are, in order, Prince Albert, Aubrey Beardsley, Queen Victoria, Florence Nightingale and the writers Katherine Mansfield and D.H. Lawrence. In this way the idea of crash became also a way of presenting a synthetic image of someone's biography, a sort of visual resume of some of the key elements of their lives at the time they died. This wasn't done in a strictly philological way, so some elements are more pertinent than others, some have only been introduced because they functioned formally within the image, but don't relate specifically to that person's biography. Each image was drawn and then cut out of one piece of paper to create a stencil for the screenprint.' Patrizio Belcampo
About the Artist
Patrizio Belcampo was born in Ravenna (Italy) in 1979.
In 2003 he moved to Edinburgh, where he became a member of Edinburgh Printmakers in 2005 and where he graduated in Drawing and Painting at Edinburgh College of Art in 2011.
His work has been exhibited in various galleries in Edinburgh, including the Royal Scottish Academy, where he was awarded the Keith Prize for best work by a student in 2009 and the SSA's Website Prize the following year.
In 2010 he showed the series "Crash" as Edinburgh Printmakers' Featured Artist.
His prints featured as part of the Venice Biennale in the World exhibition of 2011, hosted by the Arsenale in Venice and the Italian Cultural Institute in Edinburgh.
He has also shown his work at national art fairs, such as the London Original Print Fair, the Affordable Art Fair, Grand Designs Live and the Edinburgh Art Fair.
He currently works in screenprinting and lithography.


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Hi Stephen!! Here are some pics of me, Ivan from SPAIN, doing some stuff. I practice the bike trial a lot; in the
city and in the country. Last year I bought the Monty x-hydra 221, It is really
good. I did this in the Mountains of Navacerrada, near Madrid.
Aren´t they cool!! © 2005 BikeTrials.com |


text:
AFT Advocates Against a One-Size-Fits-All Approach to Education
Kenneth J. Bernstein is a National Board Certified retired school teacher and was name a 2010 Washington Post "Agnes Meyer Outstanding Teacher." He is nationally recognized for writing online on education and other issues, especially as teacherken on Daily Kos.
The AFT, led by its President Randi Weingarten, advocates vigorously on behalf of what it views as best for students in the public schools of America. In the current environment of test-driven accountability systems, there is a danger of narrowing the education our children receive to improve test scores. This leads to a "one-size-fits-all" approach that is justified on the grounds of the supposedly poor performance of U.S. schools on international comparisons. But too often, those who rely upon such comparison neither understand what the results mean nor do they examine what things high-scoring countries do.
The AFT has never opposed the proper use of tests as one means of assessment. One can see AFT's well-thoughtout positions on proper use of testing on its website, including its position statement on Accountability and its publications and reports on Standards and Assessments. Now the AFT is running a petition drive against the idea of One Size Fits All in education, which has been the impact of current policies at the national and state level on assessment and accountability.
Weingarten and other leaders of the AFT have traveled abroad to study closely the school systems of nations such as Finland and Singapore, which have strong results on tests used for international comparisons on education, such as PISA —the Programme for International Student Assessment of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), in which the United States does not perform well. Historian Diane Ravitch has pointed out that the United States has never done well on such international comparisons, in part because, unlike most of the nations in OECD, we have a very high degree of childhood poverty and scores on most tests, including PISA, have a strong correlation with the degree of poverty. The United States has the highest child poverty rate of any country participating in PISA—more than 20 percent of U.S. school children live in poverty. By contrast, high-scoring Finland has a child poverty rate of less than 5 percent.
If we adjust U.S. test scores for poverty, American schools perform higher than those of any other nation: If we look only at schools with a child poverty rate of less than 10 percent, the United States outscores Finland, Singapore and the city of Shanghai—those schools perform at the highest level in the world. The real cause of the overall U.S. performance is our much higher rate of poverty.
Weingarten often has reminded people that most high-scoring nations emphasize teaching as a profession and do not evaluate teachers solely or primarily by the scores their students obtain on high-stakes tests that often were not designed to be used to evaluate teachers or teaching.
AFT is not alone in pushing back against the damage that testing is doing to our students. Led by Drs. Sean Feeney and Carol Corbett Burris, a group of principals from New York have released a statement of concern about the misuse of tests to evaluate teachers and principals that has been signed by more than 1500 of the state's principals. School boards in Texas and parent groups across the United States have taken similar actions.
Recognizing that we cannot address the needs of children, especially those in poverty, solely through instruction in the classroom, AFT is working in conjunction with community and civic groups to address the needs of children in McDowell County, W.V. In December, Weingarten and Gov. Earl Tomblin jointly announced a three- to five-year commitment called Reconnecting McDowell, which has commitments from business, foundations, governments at a variety of levels, nonprofit agencies and labor to address the complex and interconnected problems often seen in places with high poverty. These problems include under-performing schools, drug and alcohol abuse, housing shortages, limited medical services and inadequate access to technology and transportation.
In late June, Weingarten spoke at a seminar on education held at the Finnish Embassy. In her remarks, she noted that too often in the United States we focus on individual performers rather than following the examples of places like Finland that have created systems to enable all children to learn regardless of their differences. She said that too much of our approach to education is ideologically based—we think it should work, we will it to work and therefore it must work. Instead, we should view teaching as an important profession, where teachers are "physicians of the mind." A doctor has to start with where the patient is to help address any medical problems. Similarly teachers must know their individual students and adjust their instruction to meet those students where they are to help them develop. Teachers have to collaborate to share knowledge and skill, solve problems and best serve their students.
The AFT, a member union of the AFL-CIO, of course is committed to the welfare and professional lives of its members, but its mission includes strengthening the institutions where its members work. This includes improving the quality of the services they provide, promoting democracy, human rights and freedom in the union, the nation and throughout the world. The insistence of Weingarten and the AFT that we address the needs of children in places like McDowell County, and that we not try to force all students into a one-size-fits-all approach driven by the misuse of tests, is part of this mission statement. There are good things in American schools. Democracy and freedom thrive when children have the right to an education that allows them to thrive.
Hubert Humphrey was a member of the American Federation of Teachers and a great friend of labor. At the dedication of the headquarters of the Department of Health and Human Services, named in his honor, he remarked:
It was once said that the moral test of government is how that government treats those who are in the dawn of life, the children; those who are in the twilight of life, the elderly; and those who are in the shadows of life, the sick, the needy and the handicapped.
Weingarten and the American Federation of Teachers take their duty seriously to the children for whose education they're responsible for. To fulfill that responsibility, they insist we remember that not all children are alike, that we not reduce their education to the single measure of performance on test and that we remember that it is our responsibility to adjust the education we give them to the needs they have—and not to force them into a single pattern for the convenience of others.


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23-24-25-26 June 2011 Mixed media installations Interactive design Paolo Solcia / http://www.paolosolcia.com
The workshop is promoted by the Laboratory of Visual Culture/Interaction Design Lab within the activities of the Master of Advanced Studies in Interaction Design, the new MAS program offered by SUPSI, starting next September 2011.
Goals The workshop aims at providing fundamental concepts and tools to design and implement interactive mixed media installations. During the workshop, basic knowledge about interactive programming will be taught through the use of the software MAX/MSP/JITTER (www.cycling74.com). Some algorithms for real time processing of sounds (MSP) and images (JITTER) will be analyzed and experimented to support the development of interactive installations prototypes that will feature audiovisual projections generated in real time.
Application open: http://www.maind.supsi.ch/?page_id=2576
more info: http://www.maind.supsi.ch/?page_id=2554
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Let us tell you about notable Max projects, obscure facts, and creative media artists of all kinds.


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Victor L. Carrier 1932 2012 CHICOPEE Victor L. "Vic" Carrier, 79, passed into Eternal Life on Monday, January 2, 2012. As he lived his life, he bravely faced the difficult path of cancer, and died in his home surrounded by the care and comfort of his loving family with support from the wonderful VA Hospice caregivers. Born in Holyoke on September 2, 1932 to the late Alfred and Blanche (Bourgeois) Carrier, he attended the former Precious Blood School and lived in the city for many years. He served his country in the United States Army during the Korean War. Following his military service, he returned to the area and resumed working at the family business, Carrier's Appliance Service, started by his father in 1944 on East Street in Holyoke. The store moved to Main Street where Vic and his brothers maintained their tradition of service for over 50 years. Vic also supported the revitalization of Holyoke and earned a Beautify Holyoke award. While living in Holyoke, he was a longtime communicant of the former Precious Blood Church where he was a member of their League of the Sacred Heart. After moving to the Aldenville section of Chicopee in 1968, he became a communicant of Sainte Rose de Lima Church and was a member of their Renew Team and Charasmatic Prayer Group. Vic was an avid Red Sox fan and enjoyed fishing, candlepin bowling and country music. Vic leaves his wife of 55 years, Patricia A. (Fagnant) Carrier. Besides his wife, he leaves: his loving children, Decon Roger A. Carrier and his wife, Carol, of North Granby, CT, James J. Carrier and his wife, Gail, of Chicopee, Elizabeth A. DeBeasi of North Granby, CT and Angela M. Leclerc and her husband, Mark, of Chicopee; his seven cherished grandchildren, Sarah Carrier Stough and her husband, David, Amanda Carrier, James Carrier, Carla Ruiz and her husband, Aaron, Matthew DeBeasi, Nathan Leclerc and Calla Leclerc; his two dear brothers, Robert Carrier and his wife, Judith of South Hadley and Alfred Carrier and his wife, Polly of Chicopee; his five dear sisters, Joan Malinowski and her husband, Mitchell, of South Hadley, Jeannette Devine and her husband, Billy, of Chicopee; Claire Zabecki, Annette Gingras and Lorette Beaulieu and her husband, Richard, all of Holyoke; his dear brother-in-law, Kenneth Bushey of Chicopee; and his many dear nephews and nieces. Besides his parents, he was predeceased by his dear brother and sisters, Roger Carrier; Dorothy Bushey and Simone Pelletier. His funeral will be held on Friday morning, January 6, 2012, beginning at the St. Pierre Phaneuf Aldenville Chapels, (413-532-9806), 13 Dale Street, Chicopee, MA 01020 (funeral home will open at 8:15 a.m.) followed by a Mass of Christian Burial at 9:30 a.m. in Sainte Rose de Lima Church, 600 Grattan Street, Chicopee, MA 01020. His Committal Service with Military Honors will be at 11 a.m. in the Chapel at the Massachusetts Veterans' Memorial Cemetery, 1390 Main Street, Agawam, MA 01001. His family will receive friends at the funeral home in the Rose Chapel on Thursday, January 5, 2012 from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. The parking lot and main entrance are located in the rear of the funeral home at 20 Lafayette Street, Chicopee, MA 01020. His family has suggested that memorial donations be made in his memory to Voluntary Service, c/o Hospice Program, 421 North Main Street, Leeds, MA 01053.
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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
This instructable was inspired by those fancy clocks that look like wood books. You can open them up and see a little congratulation and a clock.This project achieves ...
To build this project you will need; A hard drive (dead) Clock works Hinge(s) You may also want; Tools Hot glue gun Epoxy or other strong way to ...
Completely disassemble the hard drive. There will be screws under labels.
Hot glue the shiny platters onto the case over the hole. Try to center it over the hole. Trim the extra glue
Glue the clock on the back centered over the hole. You may want to glue the circuit board on first. When the clock is firmly attached add the ...
Now you need to attach a hinge or two to connect the two halves. This will need to be a very strong connection.
Wall CLOCK from Old Hard Drivesby grybaz
2.5" HDD Clockby willster273
How to re-use an old hard driveby pgd5000


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Chile's Torres del Paine ("Towers of Paine") National Park takes its name from three distinctive granite "towers" within the park. The park can be visited as a day trip from Puerto Natales, but the two-hour ride along ripiado (gravel) roads made me glad I had decided to spend a couple of nights in the park before heading back.
On the way into the Park we saw rheas, guanacos and a great many birds against a spectacular scenic backdrop. We also visited the "Cave of the Miladon," a huge cave where the remains of prehistoric miladons (a giant ground sloth) were found. (There is some indication that these creatures overlapped with humans and may well have been killed off by human hunters.)
The Park offers a wide variety of scenery, from the waterfalls to Lake Grey, into which a glacier feeds, producing icebergs of fantastic shapes in a surreal blue. A walk along the shore of the lake gave us once again an opportunity to experience the unrelenting Patagonian winds. (Our guide, Alejandra, told us that the climate is too fierce for cattle, except in some sheltered locations. Sheep and tourists, however, are expected to persevere.)
After the tour, I made my way to the Hosteria del Torres, one of the few hotels inside the park boundaries, where I would spend the next two nights. The hotel was quite comfortable and one could hardly expect a better location. Due to its remoteness, the hotel had to generate its own electricity, which we were advised would be turned off at night. Because it remained light outside until at least 10:30 pm (the latest I could stay awake after a day of hiking), the limited electricity was never really a factor.
From the hotel, it was (for me) about a four-hour hike to las Torres. The hike was very strenuous. The first third of it was a relentless uphill climb. Eventually the trail leveled off a bit and undulated up and down through thick forest and along a river fed by waterfalls streaming down sheer cliffs from the snow caps. The last leg of the trek was a 30-45 minute climb up a steep rock slide where I was never sure which boulders were safe to step on and which were not. The reward, however, was a spectacular view of the Torres, which can be seen so prominently from no other vantage point. Although it was snowing a bit and cloudy when I arrived, within a few minutes the skies cleared to reveal the views seen in the slide show below. (More committed trekkers can also do a six-day "circuit" around the Torres.)
Without a doubt, Torres del Paine National Park was one of the high points of my trip and I highly recommend a visit for anyone who responds to such natural splendor.
Hike to Las Torres: Torres del Paine National Park takes its name from three magnificent granite towers that are unlike any other rock formations in the world. The hike to las Torres is uphill all the way and gets particularly difficult toward the end. The scenery, however, is spectacular and final reward – a close encounter with the towers themselves – makes it all worthwhile. (11 Photos) [Preview This Slide Show]


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The veteran rockers will launch a 10-city tour this spring.
At 67, Rod Stewart has more energy than a twentysomething. Earlier this month, he revealed that he's nearly done with his first studio album of original rock tunes in nearly 20 years. His memoir became a New York Times best seller. He extended his Las Vegas residency to February.
Today, he announced that he'll team up with fellow Rock and Roll Hall of Famer Steve Winwood for a 2013 10-city tour called Live the Life. The pair will kick off on April 10 in Chicago and will hit major cities like New York and Boston before wrapping up on April 21 in Newark.
"I'm thrilled to be touring with Steve Winwood," Stewart said in a press release. "He is truly part of the rock and roll's enduring tapestry."
Confirmed tour dates
April 10 Chicago (United Center)
April 12 Philadelphia (Wells Fargo Center)
April 13 Boston (TD Garden)
April 16 Montreal (Bell Centre)
April 19 New York City (Madison Square Garden)
April 21 Newark (Prudential Center)
April 25 Detroit (Palace of Auburn Hills)
April 28 Atlanta (Philips Arena)
May 1 Toronto (Air Canada Centre)


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Resource Adapters: Configuration: Workload
Configuration Options Related Tasks Related Topics
A Work Manager defines a set of request classes and thread constraints that manage work performed by WebLogic Servers. A request class defines a fair share thread entitlement, a response time goals, or a context policy for a particular class of application request. Thread constraints define the maximum number of threads to allocate for requests, the minimum number of threads to use for resolving deadlocks, and the total number of requests that can be queued or running before WebLogic Server begins rejecting requests.
J2EE Applications, Web Application Modules, EJBs, and RMI applications can specify named work managers for use for managing their work requests.
Configuration Options
Name Description Name The name of the work manager.
Changes take effect after you redeploy the module or restart the server.
Type The type of the work manager artifact.


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The Patriots had a chance to cut into the Saints 24-10 lead, but unfortunately couldn't put together a scoring drive on their final possession before the half. Brady and company put together a 10-play drive that began at their own 20, but couldn't come away with any points after their drive stalled at the Saints 32 yard line and kicker Stephen Gostkowski missed a 50-yard field goal attempt wide left.
The good news is they'll have the ball to start the second half.


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What makes this all English Final so important? It will finally give English Football some recognition. After a dismal exit from the qualifiers for the Euro, England has a chance to stay in the news with what promises to be an exciting game. An ever ready media who willingly wipe EPL's ass free of charge is salivating this moment. You see, as exciting English soccer may be to watch, throughout history it has never soared anywhere because what happens in EPL does not work in real life. That is why you will always hear fans of English Premier League make fun of Serie A as boring and similarly are jealous of La liga. Now, we as fans have no options. It's England all the way. And I must say, I am glad.
Who do I think deserves to win? Man U.
Who do I want to win? Chelsea.
Though both teams are mega rich, Chelsea is over the top.
BUT for some reason I always have had a home feeling for them.
To pull that off means they have a well connected team who (let's be honest) has been impressing alot lately. After Mourinho's early exit and the assaults on Grant, it would be nice to see Chelsea finally win a major title for once in their history. Plus it would feel better to see a media all too ready to crown this Man U team as a manna from heaven with their mouths frozen.
It will be tough. No Doubt. Fun? No Doubt. Good for English fans? No Doubt.
But as are the rules of life, one side will go home crying.
Let's just hope it's the one that deserves it.


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Cooking up fabrication with the fiber laser
Commercial kitchen equipment company ramps up its metal fabrication
Atlanta Custom Fabrication focuses on the commercial kitchen industry, mainly cutting thin stainless. Its laser cutting wasn't a constraint process, but it needed excess cutting capacity to deal with demand variability. A new fiber laser has helped to resolve the problem.
A properly functioning laser cutting machine is rarely a manufacturing constraint. It takes mere seconds to cut a part but minutes to bend and weld, and sometimes hours to put that part together into a complex assembly. But laser cutting needs to be reliable and provide enough excess capacity to be extremely responsive. If it can't respond to a change order in time, it can starve downstream operations.
This was the challenge Atlanta Custom Fabricators faced, a company that fabricates commercial kitchen systems, a market in which last-minute scheduling and part geometry changes abound. Last year the company had one aging laser. It wasn't the fastest, but it was certainly enough to satisfy downstream operations. Still, if a last-minute change or rush order was thrown into the mix, things could get complicated.
ACF has a steady stream of repeat customers. Visit a Waffle House in the Southeast and you'll probably see stainless steel kitchen components made by the people at ACF. The company serves institutions like schools, prisons, and hospitals that often call for bids many months before actual construction. But it also does work for private businesses like restaurants that tend to hold on to funds and pull the trigger for an order at the latest possible moment. To compete, ACF's fabrication equipment must be at the ready.
From Dealer to Fabricator
If you've walked innocently by the frozen dessert case at the grocery store and found your hand moving against your will toward an Edwards® cookies and cream pie, you can blame Julie Tidwell's family. "Julie is an Edwards, and her grandfather actually started the Edwards Baking Co."
So said her brother-in-law Jack Tidwell, ACF's vice president of purchasing, who with his brother (and Julie's husband) Sam worked at the Edwards Baking Co. If you're looking for people to blame for your dessert cravings, most of ACF's management team is at least indirectly culpable.
When Sam, his wife Julie, and his brother Jack purchased the business in 2001 from Lewis and Pat Smith (family friends who were looking to retire), the firm went by the name Atlanta Kitchen Equipment and operated as a kitchen equipment dealer. Most dealerships in the commercial kitchen business work with custom fabricators to provide tables, shelving, and other custom products that go around washers, walk-in freezers, ovens, and other equipment provided by OEMs. Fabricators provide the custom metal products, OEMs provide the equipment, and dealers put it all together for the customer and often install the components at the construction site.
In 2001 Atlanta Kitchen Equipment was unusual because it also had a small custom fabrication operation that primarily supported the dealership, though it had limited sales to outside customers, including Lavista Equipment Supply (a Waffle House subsidiary that provides the chain's kitchen equipment) and a few other dealers.
Less than a month after the Tidwells purchased the dealership came 9/11 and a nationwide economic downturn. This, along with a changing economy around Georgia, altered the commercial kitchen market. In the 1980s and 1990s, Georgia (and especially Atlanta) had so much commercial construction going on that the dealership rarely had to leave the state for more work. In the 2000s this began to change.
So they made the strategic decision to focus on metal fabrication. By 2005, when the company purchased its first laser, most of its work came from metal fabrication, and today all of it does. As a fabricator exclusively, ACF sells to dealers and institutions across the Southeast. And though still legally incorporated as Atlanta Kitchen Equipment, the company now does business as Atlanta Custom Fabricators.
Old-school to 3-D CAD
When the Tidwells purchased the business in 2001, the fab shop supervisor handled all the layouts by hand. That individual had a lot of information in his head, and his department had only basic tools to work with—a shear, a notcher, a plasma torch, a used press brake, and a lot of manual hand work. It was old-school.
Jack shook his head. "I don't know how we did it back then. I really don't."
The Tidwells knew that if anything happened to their shop supervisor, the fabrication operation essentially would cease to function. This was one more reason to expand the fab shop's capability, digitize and document processes, and otherwise bring the company's sheet metal capability into the modern era.
In the front office the company migrated to Auto-CAD® and then to SolidWorks®. In 2005 the shop purchased a used CO2 laser. Technicians incorporated roller balls on the load/unload table to ease material handling, but even with this, the machine required two people to run and monitor it. They also had no flat-part deburring machine, so they had to manually deburr most parts coming off the laser before sending them on to the brakes for forming.
Nearly all components for kitchen systems require some amount of press brake work. Most have a straightforward 90-degree bend, but some involve complex forms like "marine" edges that bulge upward before lipping down, a shape that's much easier on the hands than the sharp corner of a 90-degree flange. Some require special tools that bottom-bend the shape; others are air-formed by bumping with a standard or gooseneck punch and V die.
Load, Cut, Done
When managers began investigating lasers last year, they soon discovered that it made sense to go with the solid-state variety. ACF works almost entirely with stainless steel, much of it grades 201, 304, and 430, and most of it quite thin, between 14 and 20 gauge.
So in December of last year (in time to take advantage of the tax benefits), the company installed a new Ermaksan 2-kW fiber laser (see Figures 1 and 2). It also purchased one new Baykal press brake to handle the increased throughput from the laser.
The part shapes entail a fair amount of straight-line cutting, which can take full advantage of the cutting speed offered by the fiber laser. But from an overall productivity perspective, the shape of parts wasn't a major factor, and recent one-off work shows why.
As Jack recalled, one recent customer who specializes in ornamental metal arrived at the shop with several sheets of stainless and a thumb drive. He gave the thumb drive to programmers, who unfolded the CAD files and imported them into the company's Lantek nesting software, which exported the program to the new fiber laser machine. In a half hour, the customer had a small batch of intricately cut parts. ACF could do this because it now has a lot of excess capacity in laser cutting.
"The operator told me that what he did on his own on the fiber laser during one eight-hour shift would have taken two people on the old CO2 10 hours to do."
So said Robert Hallowell, laser specialist at Watson Hegner Corp., the Dallas, N.C.-based distributor that helped ACF set up the fiber laser system last year. He added that this was possible even without advanced material handling. Much of this throughput increase came from the cutting speed of the fiber laser itself, but additional throughput also came from eliminating the need to deburr part edges (see Figures 3 and 4).
Burr-free Without Pure Nitrogen
ACF achieves this productivity and quality not by cutting with a nitrogen assist gas, but by using shop air sent through a dryer. The company does have a few cylinders of oxygen for the occasional carbon steel job, along with a few cylinders of compressed air, as a backup in case the shop's two compressors both fail at once. But for the most part, jobs at ACF are laser-cut with shop air.
In the 1990s this facility, with two nearby bay doors open to the humid Deep South, would have been the last place you'd expect to see clean, productive laser cutting using shop air. Technical literature of the day (much of it in the pages of this magazine) didn't recommend it. It's true that the air we breathe is mostly nitrogen, but it's also true that compressed air by its nature retains moisture, and a dryer may not remove every trace of it. In such a superheated environment, where the laser melts and assist gas blows away the molten metal to produce a clean kerf, the smallest amount of moisture can wreak havoc on cut quality.
But the research (also published in the pages of this magazine) and technology have changed since then, especially when it comes to cutting thin material, 14 to 20 gauge, which is ACF's bread and butter. Hallowell was able to set up ACF's laser such that it can cut with dried shop air just as fast as it can by cutting with pure nitrogen (see Figure 5).
The laser cutting head's nozzle diameter is set at 2 mm, while the pressure is set at 100 PSI, low enough to provide adequate coverage without blowing up the stainless steel's protective film designed to work with the laser's 1-micron wavelength. This setting creates enough flow rate to provide coverage and effectively evacuate the molten metal from the kerf.
This helps eliminate deburring and allows the laser to cut a kerf clean enough for common-line cutting (see Figure 1). During tests, Hallowell said he detected trace amounts of moisture, but nothing that would fall outside ACF's application requirements.
"It's really a perfect application for shop air cutting," Hallowell said.
Under One Roof
After several years of expanding its fabricating capability, the Tidwells have one more hurdle to overcome: space. The current campus, perched on a hillside in the Atlanta suburb of Douglasville, includes a 10,000-square-foot main plant and a 3,600-sq.-ft. warehouse. That was enough for Atlanta Kitchen Equipment's small fab shop when it was just a side business, but not nearly enough for ACF's full-service sheet metal fabrication and assembly operation (see Figure 6).
ACF's stop-gap solution is to truck cut and formed parts to a rented facility about a mile away, where most of the company's 44 employees polish, gas tungsten arc weld, and assemble the complex kitchen systems, ensuring everything fits before shipping the assembly to the construction site. Within the next year or so, managers hope to break ground on a plant expansion that will bring everyone under one roof.
The space will wrap tightly around the existing plant, squeezing in between the current plant perimeter and nearby hillside. Jack said he hopes the expansion will help better link upstream fabrication with downstream welding along with electromechanical assembly, where workers assemble anything from medical food carts to hydraulic sinks that move up and down to suit the food worker's needs.
ACF's extensive assembly operation now receives parts from upstream fabrication in short order—much faster than before, even though they're a mile apart. With everyone under one roof, the response times will only get shorter.
Tim Heston
FMA Communications Inc.
Elgin, IL 60123
Published In...
The FABRICATOR
The FABRICATOR is North America's leading magazine for the metal forming and fabricating industry. The magazine delivers the news, technical articles, and case histories that enable fabricators to do their jobs more efficiently. The FABRICATOR has served the industry since 1971.


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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
Make an easy mini greenhouse from trash to raise seedlings.
A clear plastic berry box with a hinged lid will become the greenhouse.
Gather up three toilet paper cores.
Flatten in half, open, then flatten the other other way so that four edges are creased.
Cut along each of the four flattened edges about a quarter of the way up the tube.
Fold and unfold each segment, making good creases. This will make it easier to fold up the bottom
Fold in each flap, one over the other, as you would to close a cardboard carton.
The pots can be stored in the greenhouse until ready to be filled with soil.
Fill each pot with soil or potting mix. It is a good idea to do this over a sheet of paper, cardboard or plastic to catch the excess ...
Plant a seed or two into each pot then place them in the greenhouse. Water each pot.
Close the top to keep the soil warm. Place the greenhouse in another plastic container without holes to catch the water and keep moist. Because the pots are ...
The lid can be propped open on warm days.After the seedlings are big enough, transplant, pot and all. The roots will grow straight through the cardboard which will ...
How to Build a Greenhouse - Step by Step Guideby jardinier
Mini Greenhouse from Upcycled Egg Cartonsby wannabemadsci
Seedling table and growing lamps - Grow seedlings table ideaby jardinier


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The origins of croquet are many and varied. France, Italy, England, Canada and the United States, to name a few, play the game a little differently, but it all comes down to whacking a ball through a series of hoops or wickets over a predetermined course.
The Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands, along with the Newburgh Preservation Association, have proven that their program for enhancing community pride and cooperation through sport has been quite successful. They invite you to join the fun by coming to Downing Park in Newburgh at 2 p.m. Aug. 10 for the third annual Newburgh Croquet Tournament.
You can come in pairs as a team, or alone, where you will be paired with another. There will be musical entertainment and refreshments. Official croquet T-shirts and baked goods will also be available for purchase.
Mimi Estes
What: Newburgh Croquet Tournament at Downing Park
When: 2 p.m. Aug. 10; 1:30 sign-up
Where: The stage area east of Downing Pond at the corner of Robinson Avenue and South Street, Newburgh
Price: $5 registration
Information: 561-2585
Newburgh Croquet Tournament at Downing Park
Aug 8, 2014 at 2:00 AM


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Recent Appearances
Homosexuals in the Military
Andrea Stone was interviewed about the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy for gays in the military.
Media Coverage of Midterm Elections
Panelists discussed media coverage of the 2006 midterm elections. Topics included: the key Congressional races that may…
Women Journalists Covering War
Female correspondents talked about their experiences and about the growing number of female correspondents who cover…
Impact of Media Reports on Iraq
A panel moderated by Mr. Milewski talked about coverage of events in Iraq and the impact on the homefront of news stories…


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gokeeffe avait besoin d'un nouveau design de page web et a lancé un concours sur 99designs.
Un gagnant a été sélectionné de 39 designs proposés par 15 designers freelance.
Brenwood Products
We are specialists in designing, manufacturing, finishing and distributing a wide variety of timber based products, manufactured in our new state-of-the-art premises, using the most up to date CNC machinery and methods.
We provide a nationwide service, delivering throughout Ireland, N. Ireland and hoping to break into the UK market.
Key business search phrases: 3. Search phrases:
solid wood worktops, wood worktops, wood products, wood kitchens, kitchen manufacturers, timber products, timber accessories, bespoke timber products, pvc kitchen accessories, foil kitchen accessories, modern timber products, decorative timber products in Ireland, canopies, corbels, gables, designers, quality timber components, glass effect laminate worktops, high gloss contemporary canopies.
We make bespoke products for the following target market:
Kitchen Door Manufacturers
Kitchen Retailers
Furniture Manufacturers
Cash & Carry Kitchen Retailers
Hardware Suppliers
Bedroom Retailers
Construction Companies
DIY Stores
We are looking for a homepage and a content page to be designed. The content page will be very similar in style to the homepage.
We like a modern/sleek styled website. You are free to be very creative on this one. You can use any colour palette, backgrounds, structure that you wish.
The website must have a h1 heading, content section, and well defined footer region like on this website http://www.dovetailfittedfurniture.ie
The site must have strong calls to action e.g. Get a Quote or Give us a Call
The site must place an emphasis on the quality images. I have attached the company logo and some product images
Websites we like:
We do not need a Flash based website.
Key Selling Points:
Quality timber products
Customer satisfaction
Access to quality timber suppliers & we only buy quality timber
Quality craftsmanship
Leaders in the marketplace


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Euthyphro dilemma
The Euthyphro dilemma is found in Plato's Euthyphro dialogue, in which Socrates asks the question, "Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?" In layman's terms this would be, "Is that which is good commanded by God because it's good, or is it good because God commands it?"
Contents |
The dilemma
It is common amongst Christians to claim that God's omnibenevolence necessitates the goodness of his actions and commands, a view called "Divine Command Theory". The Euthyphro dilemma is one demonstration of an incompatibility between the perfection of God and his commands. For one, Divine Command theory claims that morality is meaningless unless it is derived from God yet fails to answer who made God moral and whether his moral commands could be considered objective rather than arbitrary.
Put in the context of Divine Command Theory, the Euthyphro Dilemma results in two unpalatable conclusions:
1) God is not the greatest, as he must call upon a standard of good greater than himself. 2) God's commands are arbitrary, grounded on his whims, and thus could be commands that we ourselves find morally abhorrent.
The first conclusion results in the view that God cannot change what is right and wrong. Killing and stealing are inherently bad, so God, being inherently good, cannot command them. Yet if right and wrong are inherent to the action, regardless of God's decree, then God has nothing to do with the process. God doesn't set moral standards; he follows them, and is therefore only indirectly related to moral commands.
The second conclusion shows that God is free to decide what is good, and it is good by virtue of his decree. If this is the case, then God has no higher standard to answer to, and therefore his will may be seen as genuinely arbitrary. Although God once decreed that murder and theft are morally wrong, he might have declared the opposite just as easily, so then murder and theft would be right.
Another way to state the argument is in the form of a constructive dilemma:
I. Is something good because God commands it so or does God command it so because it is good?
II. If something is good because the God commands that it is so, then what is morally reprehensible to us can be good.
III. If God commands that it is good because it is good, then the good is greater than God.
IV. So, either the good is arbitrary or good is greater than God.
Much atheist literature has borrowed from the Euthyphro dilemma, even when not referring to it by name. For instance, Bertrand Russell wrote:
"The point I am concerned with is that, if you are quite sure there is a difference between right and wrong, then you are then in this situation: is that difference due to God's fiat or is it not? If it is due to God's fiat, then for God himself there is no difference between right and wrong, and it is no longer a significant statement to say that God is good."
False dilemma
There are several responses possible against the Euthyphro dilemma, but the sharpest criticism it falls under is that it is a false dilemma (i.e., commits the Bifurcation fallacy by presenting only two alternatives when there are actually more than two). The two cases presented are that (i) God commands something because it is good, and that (ii) something is good because God commands it. In the first instance, moral order is grounded outside God; in the second instance, moral order is grounded in God's arbitrary fiat.
The Bifurcation fallacy is proved by the existence of a third alternative, which it fails to present or account for; namely, (iii) that moral order is grounded in the very nature of God and expressed prescriptively in his commands. In this case God's commands are not arbitrary; they are, rather, an expression consistent with his essential nature. Under this view, "God is good" is not a moral valuation (God has goodness) but an ontological statement (God is goodness); as a logical consequence, good is that which conforms to the nature and will of God, while evil is a privative term or that which does not conform to the nature and will of God.
This supplies the reason behind why "an all-loving God would never command evil." Under the Euthyphro bifurcation, the Christian theist has no reason to believe that God would never command evil on the one hand, or that God will not change his mind about what is evil on the other. However, under the third alternative the Christian theist does have good reason for his belief, that God commanding evil would amount to a logical contradiction: God wills what he does not will, an empty nonsense statement.
God would never command immoral acts
Firstly, God does command rape and murder several times in the Old Testament. For example, in Numbers 31:1-54 God commands Moses and his army to "Kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him. But all the women children, that have not known a man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves." The army comes back with 32,000 virgins after doing God's will.
The Qur'an, chapter 4 (An-Nisa), verse 34: " Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property; the good women are therefore obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded; and (as to) those on whose part you fear desertion, admonish them, and leave them alone in the sleeping-places and beat them; then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them; surely Allah is High, Great.
Secondly, saying that God would never command evil in itself shows that God gets his morals from an outside source. If God would never command rape and murder because they're evil then where did he get the determination that they were evil?
This counter-apologetic contains certain risks, however, which a canny apologist may exploit. The theist may contend, sincerely or otherwise, that yes, because God commanded all of the ostensibly immoral acts contained within both Old and New Testament, they are therefore good. The theist can then shift the burden of proof to the counterapologist and demand that he or she justify why such acts are objectively immoral, opening the door to endless picayune objections, diversions, and moving of the goalposts. The non-believer can simply reply, "I don't want to follow a religion that worships a god who sometimes condones rape and murder." That does not answer the philosophical points but is a valid reason for rejecting an unproved and improbable religion.
In addition, apologists can also claim that this is an incorrect reading of the text. The specific command ordering the Israelite army to kill every woman comes not from God, but from Moses. Although Moses is "speaking" on the behalf of God here, it is not a divine command. However this layer of separation simply leads to the question of why God would condone such and act and endorse such a leader in Moses. It can be argued that God is still responsible for the murders or women and children and that God is guilty by association.
God's nature
The claim that God would not command evil because it goes against God's nature does not actually change the problem, but only reorganizes it. The question might then be reasonably asked, "Where does God's nature come from?" Did God create it himself? If so then God's whims are still behind what he considers right and wrong, and the dilemma still applies. If, on the other hand, God did not create his own nature, then either someone else created it (in which case the dilemma applies to the creator of God's nature) or the morality contained in God's nature is inherent in some way (in which case God is not truly the author of right and wrong).
Michael Martin has argued that theistic objections to the dilemma solve nothing, because it can easily be reformulated in terms of God's character: "Is God's character the way it is because it is good or is God's character good simply because it is God's character?" The structure of this modified dilemma is exactly the same as before, and it appears to be if anything harder to escape.
If we identify the ultimate standard for goodness with God's nature, then it seems we are identifying it with certain of God's properties (e.g., being loving, being just). If so, then the dilemma resurfaces: is God good because he has those properties, or are those properties good because God has them?
God provides a standard to emulate
Rabbi Moshe Averick argues that the entire Euthyphro dilemma is the philosophical equivalent of an optical illusion. Because the dilemma was first applied to the pagan gods of the ancient Greeks, it ignores the unique perspective of monotheism. In Jewish theology "good" means attaching oneself to the only reality that has actual existence; namely God himself. In other words, God commands humans to "love their neighbor" not because it is "good" but because it will bring the created human into a relationship with the actual and eternal being of God. According to Averick:
In the context of Jewish theology (and I would imagine, most monotheistic theologies), the Euth. Argument breaks down completely:
- Is "loving your neighbor" good because God commands it? – Obviously not, that would make it arbitrary.
- Does God command "love your neighbor" because it is good? - No, it is neither of these. God commands us to love our neighbors so that we can choose to have a relationship with him, so that we can attach ourselves to his infinite and actual being; God himself is THE good.If this infinite being we call God actually exists, we have a real standard to determine a meaningful concept to moral truths. The standard is closeness to God, and the actual absolute existence which is his being. This is what the Psalmist means when he proclaims, "To me closeness to God is good" (Psalms 73:28).
Despite claiming that he's not, Averick agrees to the first possible explanation: good is defined by God's nature. God's nature is good, and by doing good, we grow closer to God. If God's nature or commandments required doing something most people would consider immoral (rape, murder, genocide, etc.), it is still moral because it is in God's nature. As mentioned above, some apologists have no problem with this view of morality and will defend it. Averick continues (somewhat tangentially):
The Euthyphro Argument as a challenge to Monotheism is nothing more than philosophical smoke and mirrors. The only reason it has some superficial appeal at all is because the word "gods" is used, giving the impression of some authority above human beings. Plato's original argument, of course, involved the pagan gods of Greece. In fact, pagan gods have no more moral authority, nor moral credibility, than mortal humans. A pagan god is simply a human being projected to a large scale. He's just bigger, stronger, lives longer, and can even throw a few lightning bolts when needed. Pagan gods are no different than The Incredible Hulk, The Flash, or Superman (who as the old TV show told us had "powers far beyond those of mortal men!").
Formulating the Euthyphro Argument using pagan gods is exactly the same thing as saying: Does The Incredible Hulk command it because it is good, or is it good because The Incredible Hulk commands it? The moral proclamations of The Incredible Hulk, have no more or less significance, than the moral proclamations of Zeus, Mick Jagger, Jerry Seinfeld, Oprah Winfrey, or for that matter, any of the approximately 6,000,000,000 individuals living on this planet.
When stated this way, it becomes obvious how misguided and mistaken the whole argument was to begin with. What did you expect? Of course, pagan gods, superheroes, rock superstars, Jewish comedians, and even wildly successful talk show hosts – just like everyone else - can only tell us their totally subjective views on morality, or manufacture it arbitrarily.
Not so, the God of Abraham, the One God. The God of Monotheism is not a human being projected on a large scale. He is above time and space. He is above the physical. He is even above the spiritual. He created the spiritual. He is, as Rabbi Yaakov Weinberg has put it, "so totally and completely other than we are." With the existence of the One God, greatness, goodness, meaning, and morality lie in front of us. They are within our grasp if we choose them. Without God, in the utterly empty void of the atheistic world, we are left with nothing but bleak despair, as expressed by the American novelist T.C. Boyle:
- "I am an atheist and a nihilist…I believe in nothing. And it causes me tremendous despair and heartbreak…there is nothing between us and the naked howling face of the universe. Nothing."
Averick claims the nature of the pagan gods makes this a meaningless question when Plato posed it because the Greek gods, like celebrities and superheroes, obviously fall short of ownership or authorship of universal moral laws. He's basing this on a simplistic understanding of paganism, but it's irrelevant anyway because the dilemma applies to any being that is claimed to reflect or generate morality itself. This is a form of special pleading; even if it didn't apply to Plato's gods, it applies to Averick's. After this (dishonest) diversion, Averick evades/claims God is essentially unknowable, but quickly turns to warn of the emotional danger of atheism (quoting an atheist for good measure). This final claim has nothing to do with this article's topic: whether the truth leads a person to despair and heartbreak or joy has nothing to do with it's validity. Check out Common objections to atheism and counter-apologetics for more details.
Can you be good without God?
The issue of secular morality is a complex topic and is further explored in the related article.
External links
- Full text of the Euthyphro dialogue by Plato
- Christian morality Atheism wiki on Christian morality
Atheist expositions of it
Christian apologetic attempts at resolving it
- The Euthyphro Argument: A Philosophical Dinosaur by Rabbi Moshe Averick
- A New Euthyphro by Glenn Peoples


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Page 194 - WaterSense at Work
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WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities
Cooling towers are used in a variety of commercial and institutional applications to
remove excess heat. They serve facilities of all sizes, such as office buildings, schools,
supermarkets, and large facilities, such as hospitals, office complexes, and university
campuses. Cooling towers dissipate heat from recirculating water that is used to cool
chillers, air conditioning equipment, or other process equipment. By design, they use
significant amounts of water.
Cooling towers often represent the largest use of water in institutional and commer-
cial applications, comprising 20 to 50 percent or more of a facility's total water use.
However, facilities can save significant amounts of water by optimizing the operation
and maintenance of cooling tower systems.
Cooling towers work by circulating a stream
of water through systems that generate heat
as they function. To cool the systems, heat
is transferred from the systems to the water
stream. This warm water is then pumped
to the top of the cooling tower, where it is
sprayed or dripped through internal fill (i.e.,
a labyrinth-like packing with a large surface
area). Fans pull or push air through the tower
in a counterflow, crossflow, or parallel flow
to the falling water. As some of the water is
evaporated, the heat is removed.
The remain-
ing cooled water is recirculated back through
the systems to repeat the process.
The thermal efficiency and longevity of the
cooling tower and its associated water loops
depend upon the proper management of water recirculated through the tower.
Water leaves a cooling tower system in four ways: evaporation, blowdown or bleed-
off, drift, and leaks or overflows.
Evaporation is the primary function of the tower and is the method that transfers
heat from the cooling tower system to the environment. The quantity of evaporation
is not typically targeted for water-efficiency efforts because it controls the cooling
process, although improving the energy efficiency of the systems that use the cool-
ing water will reduce the evaporative load on the tower. The rate of evaporation from
Cooling Towers
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, et al. May 2009.
Water Efficiency Manual for Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Facilities
Page 39.
Cooling towers
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