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I think Episode 10 was the first standout episode of Mixed-up Investigative Agency. Perhaps some other fans might feel it hit that point before this, but for me, I'd always felt there was something a little "not-quite" about the series. Or maybe it's just that the particularly masterful ending sequence this time was terribly moving. And while we've seen substantial proof of Yeh Jiwon's (Hee-kyung) talented acting thus far, we now see a flash of depth in Ryu Seung-soo's as Yong-su.
In any case, it's too bad the series has hit a new ratings low of 2.9% (source: Newsen) because I think it's remarkable how the plot just gets tighter and tighter as things fall into place, one by one. Most series are the opposite — they start out with an interesting premise and drop threads along the way. Not here, though. You get the sense every little thing has a purpose and has been planned completely in advance.
Fortune Cookie – "Winter Story" [ zShare download ]
CASE No. 10: "Children See Monsters in the Dark"
Hee-kyung warily watches over Kang Seung Ho while the other three team members meet Baek Min-chul to make the map exchange. The plan is to verify the map's authenticity before letting 007 go.
007 pisses Hee-kyung off by taunting that it's clear she's not over Min-chul yet. He says it must've been too great a fantasy that such a refined man as Min-chul would pay attention to such a cheap, lowly woman as her, so it's understandable that she'd still be clinging.
Hee-kyung retaliates in the way she knows best: She freezes, staring fearfully behind 007 like she just saw a ghost. He doesn't believe her at first, but she describes its horrible appearance and wails, "What crime have you committed against him? It's too horrible, it's awful!"
007 must have something weighing on his conscience, because he startles, and asks Hee-kyung urgently what the ghost looks like. Is it a young man? Does he wear glasses? Hee-kyung plays along and agrees, but the description starts to ring a bell…
At the birthday buffet, the antiques grandpa verfies the map is real, and Min-chul demands to know where 007 is. Just then, Hee-kyung calls Yong-su and frantically tells him to step aside for a moment while she talks to him.
Eun-jae happens to see Min-chul's burned hand and suddenly flashes back to the traumatic day on the Gold Building rooftop. She's certain that the scarred hand is the same one she saw that day, reaching up to snuff the life out of the dying young man.
When Yong-su comes back to the table, he changes the plan. Mu-yeol and Eun-jae will take the map and the grandpa and leave. Once they're safe, Yong-su will let Min-chul know where 007 is. Min-chul grows angry over this last-minute switch, but Yong-su points out that they've got the place surrounded by a veritable army of gangsters, waiting to pounce.
Min-chul frustratedly orders his gangsters to let Mu-yeol and the others leave. Not intending on giving in to Min-chul so easily, Yong-su acts before the gangsters can stop him — he shouts at the cops to gain their attention: "Policemen of Korea! Kiss my ass!"
That lands Yong-su in jail for the night. But out of the gangsters' grasp!
Speaking of whom, Min-chul is NOT happy over this latest turn of events. He orders his men to find 007. The gangsters ransack Yong-su's place unsuccessfully, since that's the only place they could think he might be.
Min-chul also displays some vulnerability, which I'm not quite sure how much to buy into. On his last date with Hee-kyung, one of the flower-shaped ornaments on her shoe had fallen off in his car, which he found and has been keeping all this while. Once more he takes it out to look at. It could be that he's softened toward Hee-kyung (I'm pretty sure that's supposed to be the intent), but I just can't quite believe he's for real yet.
Hee-kyung realizes that 007 feels guilty for the death of a man bearing a striking resemblance to Yong-su's missing older brother Junsu. She tells Mu-yeol and Eun-jae, but they decide that until they know more, they won't bother Yong-su with the details.
007 realizes that Hee-kyung is an expert liar and regrets falling for her trick, although he says he wasn't the one who killed the man. Hee-kyung asks, "Was it Baek Min-chul?" but 007 remains silent. Hee-kyung levels with him honestly, telling him that she's lied in the past, but she'll be completely straight with him right now.
"You know Kim Yong-su, right? The manhwa store guy. His older brother disappeared on the day before Chuseok in 1989. He was first in his class since middle school, and was going to go to Seoul National University's medical school. But that son suddenly disappeared. The mother went crazy, and the father quit working to spend all his time searching for him. That family was completely destroyed. You don't have to tell me who killed him, or why. Please, just confirm if it's him. You have a family too — you have a daughter. Think of how you'd feel if she suddenly disappeared and you didn't know if she was dead or alive. Can't you do this much?"
Hee-kyung takes his silence for resistance, but 007 finally tells her he never knew the guy's name. But he does remember the face — it's haunted his dreams. If she brings him a photo, he'd be able to identify it.
Hee-kyung's phone is low on battery, so she grabs 007's phone to make a quick urgent call to Eun-jae, telling her of 007's willingness to identify Junsu from a photo. She tells her to hurry and bring one before he changes his mind.
And so, despite the fact that the Gold Building is crawling with gangsters, Mu-yeol sneaks in to Yong-su's apartment to retrieve a photo of Junsu. He's caught by a group of thugs, and grabs the photo and the box of Gojong's texts, taking the only exit he can — straight out the glass window. The window on the second floor. Above solid concrete.
On their way to the secret hideaway, Eun-jae notices Mu-yeol's bleeding before he does, and pulls over to treat his injury. They don't notice that Min-chul and his gang (having traced 007's phone) zip by them on their way to the house.
The gangsters storm in and release 007, and one particularly belligerent guy slaps Hee-kyung angrily. Interestingly, it's 007 who calls the man off and prevents the men from retaliating further against Hee-kyung. Stockholm syndrome? Human compassion?
Min-chul has a moment alone with Hee-kyung, telling her calmly, quietly, "Come on, there were only ever lies between us anyway. Neither of us should feel guilty, or that we incurred debts against each other." Hee-kyung cries while spitting her fury out at him:
"Why'd you act like that from the start? If you'd sent a couple of thugs to beat me around a little I would've told you where the map was. Why the melodramatic act?"
Min-chul walks away, then turns back at the last moment to say:
"Thinking about it, there is one debt I incurred. Your lips were softer than I expected."
Everyone returns to Eun-jae's mansion, which becomes their new headquarters for the time being. Yong-su is released from jail, and the friends take a little time to enjoy the luxury of Eun-jae's home.
As for 007, perhaps his several conversations while in captivity have put him in touch with his more humane, sympathetic side, because he can't push aside his nagging guilt. He visits his little girl in the hospital (she's just had surgery), and on his way out, a strange blind woman stops by his car and enigmatically says, "The child pays for the sins of the father."
The woman tells him a parable basically warning that punishment for his crimes will be meted out on his children. After being tricked by Hee-kyung, 007 suspiciously snatches the glasses off the woman's face — only to find that her eyes are scarred and disfigured, and she truly is blind. He shudders over the ominous threat, and the blind lady goes to the restroom to peel off the eye makeup while assuring Hee-kyung that her acting was perfect.
Yong-su gets a tip from the antiques grandpa about a little-known relative to the emperor, and goes with Eun-jae speak to a scholar to get more information.
Mu-yeol follows 007 from the hospital, and sure enough, his conscience has prompted him to face his past crime, and 007 drives to a secluded location in the mountains where a body has been buried without a marker. 007 pays his respects to the deceased, saying he committed a horrible wrong, but that his daughter is blameless. He pleads for forgiveness for himself and mercy for his child.
It's finally time to tell Yong-su about the dead man and his possible connection to Junsu, and the friends have the grave dug up.
The three friends respectfully keep their distance as Yong-su, trembling with nerves and fear, makes his way to the body bag, barely able to bring himself to look. He confirms what they've all suspected: It's his long-lost brother.
He picks up a little cake tag that reads "Happy Birthday" from the body bag, and explains:
"That day, he'd gone to buy my birthday cake… and didn't return."
(The music played in this last scene (as well as a few of the more sadly poignant moments in the series) kills me. Every. Single. Time. *sob*)
End sequence: "What If?"
What if…
…on that fateful day in 1989, Junsu had gone to buy the birthday cake for his younger brother…
…and came upon the staircase on the roof of the apartment, looked up curiously…
…and wondered what was up there, climbing the first few steps…
…but decided to turn around and head back down the steps to safety…
…and gone home to have dinner with his family, as planned…
… to celebrate his kid brother's birthday?
"How many 'What if's are our lives built upon?"
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 9
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 8
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 7
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 6
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 5
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 4
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 3
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 2
- Mixed-up Investigative Agency: Case 1


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Anthony makes waves in Myrtle Beach, SC, when he arrives at the Carnival Inn to find out that the elevators and rooms look hideous and the manager is overwhelmed.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Elder Scrolls 5
Relive some of your Skyrim Memories with this Skyrim Special Edition claymation video
As part of Bethesda's Skyrim Memories fan series, this claymation video created by Lee Hardcastle takes the crown for best use of, well, clay.
The Elder Scrolls 5 headlines
This Skyrim: Special Edition video shows how gorgeous the game looks on current-gen
Well, that sure is pretty.
Skyrim Legendary Edition is now available in North America
The Elder Scrolls 5: Skyrim Legendary Edition is now available in retail stores across North America. It includes the original game Dawnguard, Hearthfire, Dragonborn – and added features like combat cameras, mounted combat, Legendary difficulty mode and Legendary skills. It will run you $59.99. It is out in Europe and Australia on June 7 for […]
Skyrim: Hearthfire out later today in US, non-English versions to receive update 1.8
Skyrim's Hearthfire will release on PS3 later today in the US, and tomorrow in Europe, and will be 50% off as promised. Next week, the English version of Dawnguard will also be released for 50% off and Dragonborn, Hearthfire, and Dawnguard will become available in French, Italian, German, and Spanish territories on Wednesday, February 27. […]
Skyrim: Dragonborn shots take us off the coast of Morrowind
Dragonborn, the upcoming DLC for Skyrim lands next month, and Bethesda has sent over some screenshots of the content.
Skyrim's Hearthfire DLC now available on Steam
Skyrim's Hearthfire DLC can now be purchased on Steam for $4.99. Hearthfire is the DLC which allows you to build your own home, use new crafting tools such as the drafting table and carpenter's workbench and you can even start adopting children. Bethesda said as soon as information is available for Skyrim add-on content, it […]


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Recently I was searching for a control that would look like the new XP/VS.NET style button control. The button control needed to have the features described in this article. But I couldn't find a free control that provided all these features, so I created one myself. This is my first version, it provides basic functionality that you can already use. But there will soon be more features added.
Ah, this is an easy one most people would think. Ofcourse there must be a simple OnClick event:
Public Shadows Event Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
But if you look at the standard functionality of the Button control provided in the .NET framework, you will see that there are some more things needed for the basic button functionality. The first one is that you can set the Text property to '&Save', and when you press the keys alt+S, the Click event of the button would be triggered. I've searched a long time after this one, but with some help in a few newsgroups I managed to add this functionality by overriding the ProcessMnenomic function:
Protected Overrides Function ProcessMnemonic(ByVal charCode As Char) _ As Boolean Dim ampPosition As Integer = _text.IndexOf("&") Dim charToCheck As Char If ampPosition > -1 And ampPosition < _text.Length Then charToCheck = _text.Chars(ampPosition + 1) If Char.ToLower(charToCheck) = Char.ToLower(charCode) Then 'BINGO! Me.PerformClick() Return True End If End If Return False End Function
When you place a Button control on a Form, you can specify that, that button is the AcceptButton or CancelButton. To accomplish this the IButtonControl interface must be implemented:
<System.ComponentModel.DefaultValue(GetType(DialogResult), Nothing)> _ Public Overridable Overloads Property DialogResult() As DialogResult _ Implements IButtonControl.DialogResult Get Return _dialogResult End Get Set(ByVal Value As DialogResult) _dialogResult = Value End Set End Property Public Overridable Overloads Sub NotifyDefault(ByVal value As Boolean) _ Implements IButtonControl.NotifyDefault 'Not needed End Sub Public Overridable Overloads Sub PerformClick() Implements _ IButtonControl.PerformClick SetMouseOver() clickHandler(Me, Nothing) SetMouseLeave() End Sub
This is the basic functionality needed for the button control.
In Office XP or VS.NET when you move your mouse over a button, the border of the button is painted blue and the backcolor is blue also. This is pretty easy to code:
Private Sub NewFlatButton_Paint(ByVal sender As Object, _ ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs)_ Handles MyBase.Paint If Me.blueBorder Then e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(New Pen(_bordercolorFocus), _ 0, 0, Me.Width - 1, Me.Height - 1) Else e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(New Pen(_bordercolor), _ 0, 0, Me.Width - 1, Me.Height - 1) End If End Sub
This is the most fun part! When you look really close at an XP style button you will notice that there are some very neat effects for the images. In a normal state (no mouse over the button), a button displays a picture with slightly brighter colors than normal. When you move the mouse over the button, the pictures recieve shadow and will be displayed in normal colors (darker than before). When you press the button, the picture loses its shadow, but is still displayed in darker (normal) colors. The control only needs 1 picture, and generates the other 2 needed by code.
Here is an example of a picture in the 3 possible states:
Normal, with smooth, brighter colors.
Raised, with darker colors and shadow.
Pressed, with darker colors, no shadow.
First I needed a function to calculate the color shifts to the brighter colors (I found the formula on www.vbsmart.com):
Private Function TransformColor(ByVal x As Long) As Long Return 76 - Int((x + 32) / 64) * 19 + x End Function
The function to create the brighter image is:
Private Function GetSmoothImage(ByVal image As Image) As Image Dim bmp As New Bitmap(image) Dim x As Integer, y As Integer For x = 0 To bmp.Width - 1 For y = 0 To bmp.Height - 1 Dim oldColor As Color = bmp.GetPixel(x, y) If Not oldColor.Equals(Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0, 0)) Then Dim newColor As Color = _ Color.FromArgb(TransformColor(oldColor.R), _ TransformColor(oldColor.G), _ TransformColor(oldColor.B)) bmp.SetPixel(x, y, newColor) End If Next Next Return bmp End Function
To generate the image for the button when the mouse is over it, first the image is converted to black and white (in a gray color). Then the original image is painted over it, but 2 pixels up and to the right. Like this you get a nice dropdown shadow effect:
Private Function GetRaisedImage(ByVal image As Image) As Image Dim bmp As New Bitmap(image) Dim newBmp As New Bitmap(bmp.Width + 2, bmp.Height + 2) Dim x As Integer, y As Integer For x = 0 To bmp.Width - 1 For y = 0 To bmp.Height - 1 Dim oldcolor As Color = bmp.GetPixel(x, y) If oldcolor.Equals(Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0, 0)) Then newBmp.SetPixel(x + 2, y + 2, Color.Transparent) Else newBmp.SetPixel(x + 2, y + 2, Color.Gray) End If Next Next Dim g As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(newBmp) g.DrawImage(image, 0, 0) Return newBmp End Function
Finally, the image needed when the button is pressed, is equal to the original image:
Private Function GetDownImage(ByVal image As Image) As Image Return _image End Function
Some other features that are built into this control, but which I will not explain here are: text alignment, different border colors and image margin. You can find the code in the source project.
You can use this control already, because it has all the needed functionality. But there are some nice-to-have features that will be implemented somewhere in the (near?) future: image alignment, .ICO file type support, ... If you have other needs or ideas, please let them know!
This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via the discussion board below.
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Fannie Mae had a big year for affordable housing production in2011, as the agency rejuvenated its offerings and re-engaged the market.
The company is on track to record about $1.7 billion in volume for the year spread among preservation, New Issue Bond Program, and low-income housing tax credit (LIHTCs) deals, according to preliminary estimates by agency lenders. The figure would far surpass Freddie Mac's estimated $1.1 billion.
It's a stark turnaround for Fannie Mae, which had fallen behind in recent years on the multifamily affordable side. But Fannie Mae sharpened its approach in early 2011 as Freddie lost a step in underwriting flexibility.
Affordable Housing Finance recently sat down with Bob Simpson, Fannie's head of affordable, to talk about its banner year and the year ahead.
AHF: I hear that you guys expect to double your affordable housing production year over year. What drove the increase?
Simpson: We're definitely going to far exceed last year's production. Production was strong starting in the first quarter, and each quarter has been successfully better than the last. We've seen deals coming from markets throughout the country, which wasn't as much the case [in 2010]. And this was the first year of several in which you're going to see the preservation market picking up.
At the beginning of the year we focused on providing our lenders with more flexible products, both in the bond space and the immediate space. We wanted to get more competitive on pricing and to make sure above and beyond everything else that we provided the best execution in the market. On the bond side, obviously that's an area we definitely wanted to improve on this year, and I think we've done that, especially when it comes to mod-rehab.
AHF: You're not capping the amount of per-unit rehab dollars anymore, but give me some other examples of how you guys tweaked your mod-rehab program?
Simpson: We're much more willing to look at the 35-year amortization, we're a little more flexible in terms of partial IO. One of the things about our products is that the manner in which we securitize—it's a single asset securitization—allows us to be a little more flexible with our products on specific deals. That really helps in the affordable space because all deals are different, and, if they're different on the front end, they're going to be different on the back end. And that helps particularly in the mod-rehab space because those deals can get complicated.
AHF: Did you introduce any other product enhancements this year?
Simpson: In the latter half of the year we rolled out, both on the conventional and the affordable side, an ARM 7-6 product, an adjustable-rate mortgage. It's been a very attractive option for affordable borrowers that are looking to acquire or refinance properties but want the option of going back in for new credits in a couple of years.
We're also starting to see traction with the Green Refinance Plus product, which is our partnership with FHA. In a low rate environment, a lot of people just went for the standard affordable preservation execution. But I think increasingly folks are looking for additional proceeds that can be used to improve the property, to make it more energy efficient. We expect to see more business for that product in the year ahead.
AHF: How will Fannie Mae's focus on preservation manifest in 2012? What are you working on for next year?
Simpson: We'll continue to provide a flexible approach to specific deals, and do it very quickly. We're going to continue to look for ways to enhance our existing products to meet the market, and the one thing borrowers can always count on is our execution. We're not going to re-trade our borrowers. And if they have a date certain by which they need to close, they can rely on the fact that we will get that deal done in time.
AHF: Do you expect the momentum on the 9 percent LIHTC side to continue in 2012?
Simpson: I think you might see some leveling out. There's an inflection point—at some point the spread between the yield and the 10-year makes the difference. If you're a yield-driven investor, there reaches a point where yields can only go so low, and I think we're reaching a point where we might be leveling out a little bit. In the coastal markets, you're seeing some pretty aggressive pricing for credits, and yields have gone down in the non-Community Reinvestment Act markets too, and I wouldn't expect that trajectory to continue.
AHF: What are your concerns for the affordable housing industry for 2012?
Simpson: The availability of gap financing is still a concern. The gap financing has been reduced over time, and you're probably going to start seeing that really impacted at the local level in 2012.
I think new construction is going to continue to face some headwinds, both because of the lack of gap financing and also because there's more competition for credits by existing properties.
Overall, though, I think you're going to see more competition in that market across the spectrum—from investors, borrowers, lenders—and with that competition comes increased pressure. You're going to see more pressure on proceeds, terms, sponsor expertise. Regardless, we're always going to stay true to our underwriting principles.


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- In 2008 we (Meggan and Beau) set out to see the world and start a business. Since then we have visited 48 countries and we're just getting started. Travel and design go hand in hand. Whether we're on the other side of the planet, or down the street we always find things to inspire us.
I know, I know its been a while since we posted. We don't have an excuse except to say it is hard to find a balance in your life when you are starting a business. Beau and I are back in the states
If you're like us and read many travel publications, you'll inevitably read how Istanbul is such a culture clash, how it's the gateway to Asia or where East meets West. Yes, these things have beco
Far away from any news footage you may see of the debt crisis in Athens and just a stone's throw from Turkey lies the sleepy little island of Kastelorizo, Greece. We haven't yet made it to Greece, s
Insomnia can have some advantages. Looking out the window of our sweltering room I began to see the sky turn from black to a deep shade of blue. This sign means it would be a somewhat sane time to ge
Making our way to Denizli, the textile capital of Turkey, we couldn't resist taking an afternoon to check out Pamukkale. This may look like a field of snow or frosting, but it's actually natural m
Greetings and sorry for our absence! Just a heads up, if your hard drive is starting to fail, sometimes your backup drive is about as worthless as a broken hard drive. Apparently, our misbehaving
It's good to go where everyone knows you're name. No, we're not at Cheers, we're back in Jodhpur, India. We always stay at the same place, the Devi Bhawan. We've spent probably about 30 days h


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Florida Department of Financial Services
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Hello, I followed your directions to add custom events in my code, however, when profiling the code, only some of the indicators are presented.
what is the reason for that? is it because of sampling of the data?
is there anyway to cause the indicators to appear no matter what? (just like exceptions?)


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aussie locker and limited slip
im going to try and get something for my jeep for xmas. right now im riding on 33's with a D30 up front and a D35 in the back. i wanted to save up for some arb selectable lockers but money is tight so ill have to deal with what i got.
with these automatic lockers, they only "turn on" on when in 4lo correct? so it wont effect how i drive the jeep in 2wd around town right? also double checking, there is a clicking noise when you turn? and about limited slips. id like one for a the back on my D35. sounds good? the idea behind this is i can always have 3 wheels turning with a lunchbox locker and a limited slip, and i hopefully wont break the bank(versus 2 selectable lockers). i know nothing about limited slips besides what they do. what do you guys recomend for parts? id like good parts, but i want to stay low cost if possible. |
If this is your DD and you get snow and ice, I suggest getting a selectable locker and keep your diffs open or limited slip. Locking them up on the road in these conditions is not suggested and could be dangerous.
Automatic lockers are normally locked, even in 2wd. They unlock to allow the outside tire in a turn to rotate faster through the turn, then lock back up again once you're driving straight again.
That said, in a TJ, there is no torque being passed into the front axle via the driveshaft so any front locker present is not locked up "hard" in 2wd. It is locked, to be sure, but with no torque being sent through it when you're in 2wd, it unlocks so easily for turns that you can't even tell a front locker is there when you're in 2wd. It's when you shift into 4Hi or 4Lo that the transfer case finally sends power (torque) via the front driveshaft through a locker which then causes it to lock up hard enough that you'd notice it. On a paved road, it'd cause problems in 4Hi or 4Lo but offroad, it's fine. So with a front locker, it only cause problems on paved roads when you're in 4x4. In 2wd, you can't even really tell it's there. I have a Powertrax automatic No-Slip locker in my front axle and honestly, I can't tell it's there in 2wd. The same is not always true for other non-TJ 4x4 vehicles where many always send power to the front axle, 4x4 or 2wd. :) |
Just want to second what Jerry said about not knowing that is in there when you are in 2wd. I have an Aussie in the front. Aside from the clicking - which I barely notice - I can't tell that it is in there in 2wd. Once in 4wd - you notice it and it is very nice.
Eric |
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With that being said it does take a considerable (to me) amount of time and resources ($$$) to keep things online and running smoothly. Thus we've decided to add a PayPal donate button. If you like what you see, enjoy seeing our collection and/or would like to support keeping this site alive please click the donate button. Whether it's $5 or $500 we are greatly appreciative of all contributions and support we have received up to this point as well as all in the future.
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text: Spunging HouseA victualling house where persons arrested for debt are kept for twenty-four hours, before lodging them in prison. The houses so used are generally kept by a bailiff, and the person lodged is spunged of all his money before he leaves. Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894


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B's Foundation Golf Tourney: Sept. 8th
by Staff Writer / Boston BruinsPrintable Version |
Bruins fans and fellow golfers will play 18 holes at one of the most beautiful and exclusive private golf courses in New England. Each participating foursome will be joined a member of the Bruins organization including Patrice Bergeron, Zdeno Chara, Milan Lucic, Michael Ryder, Tim Thomas,and Blake Wheeler, as well as scratch-golfer Marc Savard. Foursomes cost $5,000 and a 20% discount applies for anyone that participated last year. In addition, the 19th hole will feature silent and live auctions, raffles and an all-star dinner.
"We are really looking forward to the 6th annual Boston Bruins Golf Tournament. The event is a great kick-off to the upcoming season and this year we are moving it to The International, one of the premiere private facilities in New England," said the Director of Development for the Boston Bruins Foundation,Bob Sweeney. "It gives us a chance to bring all of the current players together with the alumni and allows us to interact with some of our biggest supporters throughout the season."
All of the proceeds from the Boston Bruins 6th annual Golf Tournament will benefit the Boston Bruins Foundation and the Boston Bruins Alumni Association. Participation and support will help make it possible for both foundations to assist various childrens charitable organizations. To date, the five previous Boston Bruins golf tournament have raised over $690,000.
About the Boston Bruins Foundation
The Boston Bruins Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit foundation whose mission is to assist charitable organizations that demonstrate a strong commitment to enhancing the quality of life for children throughout New England. Since its inception in July 2003 by the Jacobs Family, it has raised more than $4 million dollars through a series of fundraising events. The Foundation, which provides grants to organizations that meet the standards of its mission, concentrates on athletics, academics, health, and community outreach programs that assist in helping enrich the lives of children throughout New England.


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Browse by Degree/Thesis Type
Number of items: 2. CCarlson, Harry William (1945) Geology of the Elysian Park-Silver Lake District, Los Angeles, California. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03302010-094347960 HHege, Jeremiah Collins and Goebel, Thomas Parker (1945) An experimental investigation of the effect of lip on the column strength of rolled sheet zee and angle sections. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05242011-153838445 |


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Skeet and other clay games may be good practice, but bird huntin' is the thing. Spaniels, the woods, boots that fit, a beautiful October day and guns that will pattern whatever shot charge your game calls for. Mostly for us it's grouse with an ounce of 7 1/2s through the 20 bore tube of a light, quick, short gun. I've got Winchester 101s in 20 and 12, Grade 2 English straight stocks, fixed IC/IM and IC/M, a Classic Doubles 201 (think Winchester 23), Grade 2 English straight stock, fixed IC/IM, but in recent years, my Benelli M1 20 gauge has been getting the nod. Very durable, fits me like a glove, and allows fast followups through the same IC tube. Allows me to "IPSC" the fleeing grouse.
The clays are great for practicing your aim and reaction time etc but nothing beats the real thing.


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With the shaky future of Adobe's Flash technology over the past few years, mainly due to its lack of usability on one of the most popular mobile platforms, more than a few companies are looking to port their rich media to JavaScript frameworks that can support the same level or interactivity.
In steps jQuery which is more than capable of handling timeline animation, you just have to visualize it without the typical timeline editors that you may have gotten used to in Flash.
Last year I was tasked with converting a full flash site to html for better SEO and compliance reasons. The initial roadblock was that they wanted the site to function exactly as it did in Flash. At this point I had used jQuery for animation so much that I had zero ideas on where to start, thank goodness for the incredible API they provide!
So enough yammering on, let's jump into a quick sample!
1 2 3 4 5 |

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Great, now we have some markup on the page to work with, let's get to styling.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | header { position: relative; width: 400px; height: 250px; overflow: hidden; background: #000; margin: 5px; } #bg { position: absolute; top: -50px; left: 0px; width: 780px; height: 500px; z-index: 1; background: transparent url(img/timeline-bg.jpg) no-repeat; } #element { position: absolute; top: -400px; left: 2000px; width: 178px; height: 90px; z-index: 2; } #logolong { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: -900px; width: 304px; height: 52px; z-index: 3; } |
Now we have elements styled for where we'd like them to begin their animation, we'll get into some good ideas for getting these points after the jQuery below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | //quickly setting up shortcuts, personal preference var element, bg, logo = ''; element = $('#element'); bg = $('#bg'); logo = $('#logolong'); //indented to help visually track bg.delay(0).animate({'top': 0}, 1500, function() {}); element.delay(750).animate({left: 200, top: 70}, 1250, function() {}); logo.delay(1800).animate({left: 10, top: 15}, 750, function() {}); |
Awesome, now we've taken our elements from the starting point straight through to the end! So what's the best way to find our values, specifically starting points? Well, I generally do my CSS first laying out where I'd like the elements to end animation, then I flesh out the .delay() and .animate() stuff. Then I work my way backwards to the direction I want them to shoot in. A few options that I really didn't cover above is the use of opacity or dimensions (width/height), you can do pretty much animate anything you have access to via css!
One more thing, you can create much smoother and easily controlled animations if you extend using jQuery UI for some extra easing functions. Have fun!


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History of Portugal (1415–1578)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves |
Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves | ||||||||||
Capital | Lisbon | |||||||||
Languages | Galician-Portuguese, Early Modern Portuguese | |||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholic | |||||||||
Government | Absolute Monarchy | |||||||||
Monarch | ||||||||||
• | 1415–1433 | João I (first) | ||||||||
• | 1578–1580 | Henrique I (last) | ||||||||
History | ||||||||||
• | Conquest of Ceuta | 14 August 1415 | ||||||||
• | Death of Henrique I | 31 January 1580 | ||||||||
Currency | Portuguese dinheiro, Portuguese real | |||||||||
Part of a series on the
History of Portugal |
Timeline |
Portugal portal |
The Kingdom of Portugal in the 15th century was one of the first European powers to begin building a colonial empire. The Portuguese Renaissance was a period of exploration during which Portuguese sailors discovered several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored and colonized the African coast, discovered an eastern route to India that rounded the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean and established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to Ming China and to Japan.
The Portuguese Renaissance produced a plethora of poets, historians, critics, theologians, and moralists, for whom the Portuguese Renaissance was their golden age. The Cancioneiro Geral by Garcia de Resende (printed 1516) is taken to mark the transition from Old Portuguese to the modern Portuguese language.
John I[edit]
John I of Portugal acceded in 1390 and ruled in peace, pursuing the economic development of his realm. The only significant military action was the siege and conquest of the city of Ceuta in 1415. By this step he aimed to control navigation of the African coast. But in the broader perspective, this was the first step opening the Arab world to medieval Europe, which in fact led to the Age of Discovery with Portuguese explorers sailing across the whole world.
Contemporaneous writers describe John as a man of wit, very keen on concentrating power on himself, but at the same time with a benevolent and kind personality. His love for knowledge and culture was passed to his sons, often collectively referred to by Portuguese historians as the "illustrious generation" (Ínclita Geração): Edward, the future king, was a poet and a writer; Peter, the Duke of Coimbra, was one of the most learned princes of his time; and Prince Henry the Navigator, the duke of Viseu, invested heavily in science and the development of nautical pursuits. In 1430, John's only surviving daughter, Isabella, married Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and enjoyed an extremely refined court culture in his lands; she was the mother of Charles the Bold.
Under king Edward, the colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury, and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. In 1437, Duarte's brothers Henry and Ferdinand persuaded him to launch an attack on the Marinid sultanate of Morocco. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra, and the Infante John were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. Their instincts proved to be justified. The resulting attack on Tangier, led by Henry, was a debacle. Failing to take the city in a series of assaults, the Portuguese siege camp was soon itself surrounded and starved into submission by a Moroccan relief army. In the resulting treaty, Henry promised to deliver Ceuta back to the Marinids in return for allowing the Portuguese army to depart unmolested. Duarte's youngest brother, Ferdinand, was handed over to the Marinids as a hostage for the final handover of the city.
Afonso V[edit]
Treaty of Tordesillas[edit]
Meanwhile, colonization progressed in the Azores and Madeira, where sugar and wine were now produced; above all, the gold brought home from Guinea stimulated the commercial energy of the Portuguese. It had become clear that, apart from their religious and scientific aspects, these voyages of discovery were highly profitable. Under Afonso V (1443–1481), surnamed the African, the Gulf of Guinea was explored as far as Cape St Catherine (Cabo Santa Catarina),[1] [2] [3] and three expeditions (1458, 1461 and 1471) were sent to Morocco; in 1471 Arzila and Tangier were captured from the Moors. Under John II (1481–1495) the fortress of São Jorge da Mina, the modern Elmina, was founded for the protection of the Guinea trade. Diogo Cão, discovered the Congo in 1482 and reached Cape Cross in 1486; Bartolomeu Dias doubled the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, thus proving that the Indian Ocean was accessible by sea.
After 1492 the discovery of the West Indies by Christopher Columbus rendered desirable a delimitation of the Spanish and Portuguese spheres of exploration. This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas (June 7, 1494), which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on May 4, 1493. The treaty gave to Portugal all lands that might be discovered east of a straight line drawn from the Arctic Pole to the Antarctic, at a distance of 370 leagues west of Cape Verde. Spain received the lands discovered west of this line. The known means of measuring longitude were so inexact, however, that the line of demarcation could not in practice be determined (see J. de Andrade Corvo in Journal das Ciências Matemáticas, xxxi.147–176, Lisbon, 1881), so the treaty was subject to very diverse interpretations. On its provisions were based both the Portuguese claim to Brazil and the Spanish claim to the Moluccas (see East Indies#History). The treaty was chiefly valuable to the Portuguese as a recognition of the prestige they had acquired. That prestige was enormously enhanced when, in 1497–1499, Vasco da Gama completed the voyage to India.
The tendency to secrecy and falsification of dates casts doubts about the authenticity of many primary sources. Several historians have hypothesized that John II may have known of the existence of Brazil and North America as early as 1480, thus explaining his wish in 1494 at the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas to push the line of influence further west. Many historians suspect that the real documents would have been placed in the Library of Lisbon. Unfortunately, due to the fire following the earthquake of 1755, nearly all of the library's records were destroyed,[citation needed] but an extra copy available in Goa was transferred to Lisbon Tower of Tombo during the following 100 years. The Corpo Cronológico (Chronological Corpus), a collection of manuscripts on the Portuguese explorations and discoveries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2007 in recognition of its historical value "for acquiring knowledge of the political, diplomatic, military, economic and religious history of numerous countries at the time of the Portuguese Discoveries."[4]
Afonsine Ordinances[edit]
While the Crown was thus acquiring new possessions, its authority in Portugal was temporarily overshadowed by the growth of aristocratic privilege. After the death of Edward, further attempts to curb the power of the nobles were made by his brother, D. Pedro, duke of Coimbra, who acted as regent during the minority of Afonso V of Portugal (1438–1447). The head of the aristocratic opposition was the Duke of Braganza, who contrived to secure the sympathy of the king and the dismissal of the regent. The quarrel led to civil war, and on 20 May 1449, D. Pedro was defeated and killed at the Battle of Alfarrobeira. Thenceforward the grants made by John I were renewed and extended on so lavish a scale that the Braganza estates alone comprised about a third of the whole kingdom.
An unwise foreign policy simultaneously injured the royal prestige, for Afonso married his own niece, Joanna, daughter of Henry IV of Castile, and claimed the kingdom of Castile in her name. At the Battle of Toro, in 1476, he fought an indecisive battle that made him realize that his claims to the Castilian throne were not achievable. However, Portugal defeated Castile in the naval war (1475-79) of the same conflict (War of the Castilian Succession), capturing a large Castilian fleet -full of gold- in the Battle of Guinea (1478).
In 1479 Ferdinand and Isabella and Alfonso signed the Treaty of Alcáçovas, by which Joanna was relegated to a convent and Portugal won the hegemony in the Atlantic Ocean.
His successor, John II (1481–1495), reverted to the policy of matrimonial alliances with Castile and friendship with England. Finding, as he said, that the liberality of former kings had left the Crown "no estates except the high roads of Portugal," he determined to crush the feudal nobility and seize its territories. The Portuguese Cortes held at Évora (1481) empowered judges nominated by the Crown to administer justice in all feudal domains. The nobles resisted this infringement of their rights, but their leader, Fernando II, Duke of Braganza, was beheaded for high treason in 1483; in 1484 the king stabbed to death his own brother-in-law, Diogo, Duke of Viseu; and eighty other members of the aristocracy were executed afterwards. Thus John "the Perfect," as he was called, assured the supremacy of the Crown. He was succeeded in 1495 by Manuel I, who was named "the Great" or "the Fortunate," because in his reign the sea route to India was discovered and a Portuguese Empire founded.
Imperial expansion (1481–1557)[edit]
John II (r. 1481–1495) famously restored the policies of Atlantic exploration, reviving the work of his great-uncle, Henry the Navigator. The Portuguese explorations were his main priority in government, pushing south the known coast of Africa with the purpose of discovering the maritime route to India and breaking into the spice trade. Manuel I (r. 1495–1521) proved a worthy successor to his cousin John II, supporting Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic Ocean and the development of Portuguese commerce.
Under John III (r. 1521–1557), Portuguese possessions were extended in Asia and in the New World through the Portuguese colonization of Brazil. John III's policy of reinforcing Portugal's bases in India (such as Goa) secured Portugal's monopoly over the spice trade of cloves and nutmeg from the Maluku Islands. As a result, John III has been called the "Grocer King". On the eve of his death in 1557, the Portuguese empire spanned almost 1 billion acres (about 4 million square kilometers). During his reign, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to make contact with both China, under the Ming Dynasty, and Japan, during the Muromachi period (see Nanban trade). John III abandoned Muslim territories in North Africa in favor of trade with India and investment in Brazil. In Europe, he improved relations with the Baltic region and the Rhineland, hoping that this would bolster Portuguese trade.
Sebastian I[edit]
Sebastian of Portugal was the penultimate Portuguese monarch of the House of Aviz. He was the son of John Manuel, Prince of Portugal, and his wife, Joanna of Austria.
Sebastian succeeded to the throne at the age of three, on the death of King John III, his paternal grandfather. Soon after his birth, his mother Joanna of Spain left her infant son to serve as Regent of Spain for her father, Emperor Charles V. After his abdication in 1556, she served in the same capacity for her brother Philip II of Spain. Joanna remained in Spain until her death in 1573, never to see her son again. Since Sebastian was still a child, the regency was handled first by his paternal grandmother, Catherine of Austria, and then by his great-uncle, Cardinal Henry of Évora. This period saw continued Portuguese colonial expansion in Angola, Mozambique, and Malacca, as well as the annexation of Macau in 1557.
During Sebastian's short personal reign, through diplomatic efforts, he strengthened ties with the Holy Roman Empire, England and France. He also restructured much of the administrative, judicial and military life in his kingdom. In 1568, Sebastian created scholarships to help financially the students who wished to take medicine or pharmacy in the University of Coimbra. In 1569, Sebastian ordered Duarte Nunes de Leão to compile all the laws and legal documents of the kingdom in a collection of Leis Extravagantes known as Código Sebastiânico (Sebastian's code).
During the great plague of Lisbon in 1569, Sebastian sent for doctors from Seville to help the Portuguese doctors fight the plague. He created two hospitals in Lisbon to take care of those afflicted with the plague. In his concern for the widows and orphans of those killed by the plague, he created several Recolhimentos (shelters) known as the Recolhimento de Santa Marta (shelter of Santa Marta) and the Recolhimento dos Meninos (shelter of the children) and provided wet nurses to take care of the babies.
Sebastian created laws for the military, the Lei das Armas, that would become a military organization model. In 1570 Goa was attacked by the Indian army, but the Portuguese were successful in repulsing the assault. Also in 1570, Sebastian ordered that the Brazilian Indians should not be used as slaves and ordered the release of those held in captivity.
The Celeiros Comuns (Communal Granaries) were inaugurated in 1576 on Sebastian's orders. These were lending institutions intended to help to poor farmers when farm production decreased, giving credit, lending seeds and commodities to the needy, allowing them to pay back with farm products when they recovered from losses.
In 1577 Sebastian's ordinance Da nova ordem do juízo, sobre o abreviar das demandas, e execução dellas decreased the time for handling legal actions, regulated the action of lawyers, scribes and other court officials, and created fines for delays.
Sebastian disappeared (was presumably killed in action) in the battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578, after the brief reign of king Henry triggering the Portuguese succession crisis.
Dynastic crisis and union with Spain[edit]
Following the Portuguese crisis of succession, a dynastic union joined the crowns of Castile, Portugal and Aragon along with their respective colonial possessions, under the rule of the Habsburg dynasty
The unification of the peninsula had long been a goal of the region's monarchs with the intent of restoring the Visigothic monarchy.[5]
The history of Portugal from the dynastic crisis in 1578 to the first Braganza Dynasty monarchs was a period of transition. The Portuguese Empire's spice trade was peaking at the start of this period. It continued to enjoy widespread influence after Vasco da Gama had finally reached the East by sailing around Africa in 1497–98.
This section may stray from the topic of the article. |
Reasons for exploration[edit]
Portugal's long shoreline, with its many harbours and rivers flowing westward to the Atlantic ocean was the ideal environment to raise generations of adventurous seamen. As a seafaring people in the south-westernmost region of Europe, the Portuguese became natural leaders of exploration during the Middle Ages. Faced with the options of either accessing other European markets by sea (by exploiting its seafaring prowess) or by land (and facing the task of crossing Castile and Aragon territory) it is not surprising that goods were sent via the sea to England, Flanders, Italy and the Hanseatic league towns.
Having fought to achieve and to retain independence, the nation's leadership had also a desire for fresh conquests. Added to this was a long struggle to expel the Moors that was religiously sanctioned and influenced by foreign crusaders with a desire for martial fame. Making war on Islam seemed to the Portuguese both their natural destiny and their duty as Christians.
One important reason was the need to overcome the expensive eastern trade routes, dominated first by the republics of Venice and Genoa in the Mediterranean, and then controlled by the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, barring European access, and going through North Africa and the historically important combined-land-sea routes via the Red Sea. Both spice and silk were big businesses of the day, and arguably, spices which were used as medicine, drugs and preservatives was something of a necessity—at least to those Europeans of better than modest means.
The Portuguese economy had benefited from its connections with neighbouring Muslim states. A money economy was well enough established for 15th century workers in the countryside as well as in the towns to be paid in currency. The agriculture of the countryside had diversified to the point where grain was imported from Morocco (a symptom of an economy dependent upon Portugal's), while specialised crops occupied former grain-growing areas: vineyards, olives, or the sugar factories of the Algarve, later to be reproduced in Brazil (Braudel 1985). Most of all, the Aviz dynasty that had come to power in 1385 marked the semi-eclipse of the conservative land-oriented aristocracy (See The Consolidation of the Monarchy in Portugal.) A constant exchange of cultural ideals made Portugal a centre of knowledge and technological development. Due to these connections with Islamic kingdoms, many mathematicians and experts in naval technology appeared in Portugal. The Portuguese government impelled this even further by taking full advantage of this and by creating several important research centres in Portugal, where Portuguese and foreign experts made several breakthroughs in the fields of mathematics, cartography and naval technology. Sagres and Lagos in the Algarve become famous as such places.
Portuguese nautical science[edit]
The successive expeditions and experience of the pilots led to a fairly rapid evolution of Portuguese nautical science, creating an elite of astronomers, navigators, mathematicians and cartographers, among them stood Pedro Nunes with studies on how to determine the latitudes by the stars and João de Castro.
Until the 15th century, the Portuguese were limited to coastal cabotage navigation using barques and barinels (ancient cargo vessels used in the Mediterranean). These boats were small and fragile, with only one mast with a fixed quadrangular sail and did not have the capabilities to overcome the navigational difficulties associated with Southward oceanic exploration, as the strong winds, shoals and strong ocean currents easily overwhelmed their abilities. They are associated with the earliest discoveries, such as the Madeira Islands, the Azores, the Canaries, and to the early exploration of the north west African coast as far south as Arguim in the current Mauritania.
The ship that truly launched the first phase of the Portuguese discoveries along the African coast was the caravel, a development based on existing fishing boats. They were agile and easier to navigate, with a tonnage of 50 to 160 tons and 1 to 3 masts, with lateen triangular sails allowing luffing. The caravel benefited from a greater capacity to tack. The limited capacity for cargo and crew were their main drawbacks, but did not hinder its success. Limited crew and cargo space was acceptable, initially, because as exploratory ships, their "cargo" was what was in the explorer's feedback of a new territory, which only took up the space of one person.[6] Among the famous caravels are Berrio and Caravela Annunciation.
With the start of long oceanic sailing also large ships developed. "Nau" was the Portuguese archaic synonym for any large ship, primarily merchant ships. Due to the piracy that plagued the coasts, they began to be used in the navy and were provided with cannon windows, which led to the classification of "naus" according to the power of its artillery. They were also adapted to the increasing maritime trade: from 200 tons capacity in the 15th century to 500, they become impressive in the 16th century, having usually two decks, stern castles fore and aft, two to four masts with overlapping sails. In India travels in the sixteenth century there were also used carracks, large merchant ships with a high edge and three masts with square sails, that reached 2000 tons.
In the thirteenth century celestial navigation was already known, guided by the sun position. For celestial navigation the Portuguese, like other Europeans, used Arab navigation tools, like the astrolabe and quadrant, which they made easier and simpler. They also created the cross-staff, or cane of Jacob, for measuring at sea the height of the sun and other stars. The Southern Cross become a reference upon arrival at the Southern hemisphere by João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar in 1471, starting the celestial navigation on this constellation. But the results varied throughout the year, which required corrections.
To this the Portuguese used the astronomical tables (Ephemeris), precious tools for oceanic navigation, which have experienced a remarkable diffusion in the fifteenth century. These tables revolutionized navigation, allowing to calculate latitude. The tables of the Almanach Perpetuum, by astronomer Abraham Zacuto, published in Leiria in 1496, were used along with its improved astrolabe, by Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral.
Sailing techniques[edit]
Besides coastal exploration, Portuguese also made trips off in the ocean to gather meteorological and oceanographic information (in these were discovered the archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores, and Sargasso Sea). The knowledge of wind patterns and currents, the trade winds and the oceanic gyres in the Atlantic, and the determination of latitude led to the discovery of the best ocean route back from Africa: crossing the Central Atlantic to the latitude of the Azores, using the permanent favorable winds and currents that spin clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere because of atmospheric circulation and the effect of Coriolis, facilitating the way to Lisbon and thus enabling the Portuguese venturing increasingly farther from shore, the maneuver that became known as the "volta do mar" (English: return of the sea).
It is thought that Jehuda Cresques, son of the Catalan cartographer Abraham Cresques have been one of the notable cartographers at the service of Prince Henry. However the oldest signed Portuguese sea chart is a Portolan made by Pedro Reinel in 1485 representing the Western Europe and parts of Africa, reflecting the explorations made by Diogo Cão. Reinel was also author of the first nautical chart known with an indication of latitudes in 1504 and the first representation of a Wind rose.
With his son, cartographer Jorge Reinel and Lopo Homem, they participated in the making of the atlas known as "Lopo Homem-Reinés Atlas" or "Miller Atlas", in 1519. They were considered the best cartographers of their time, with Emperor Charles V wanting them to work for him. In 1517 King Manuel I of Portugal handed Lopo Homem a charter giving him the privilege to certify and amend all compass needles in vessels.
In the third phase of the former Portuguese nautical cartography, characterized by the abandonment of the influence of Ptolemy's representation of the East and more accuracy in the representation of lands and continents, stands out Fernão Vaz Dourado (Goa ~ 1520 – ~ 1580), whose work has extraordinary quality and beauty, giving him a reputation as one of the best cartographers of the time. Many of his charts are large scale.
It was the genius of Prince Henry the Navigator that coordinated and utilized all these tendencies towards expansion. Prince Henry placed at the disposal of his captains the vast resources of the Order of Christ, of which he was the head, and the best information and most accurate instruments and maps that could be obtained. He sought to effect a meeting with the half-fabulous Christian Empire of "Prester John" by way of the "Western Nile" (the Sénégal River), and, in alliance with that potentate, to crush the Turks and liberate the Holy Land. The concept of an ocean route to India appears to have originated after his death. On land he again defeated the Moors, who attempted to retake Ceuta in 1418; but in an expedition to Tangier, undertaken in 1437 by King Edward (1433–1438), the Portuguese army was defeated, and could only escape destruction by surrendering as a hostage Prince Ferdinand, the king's youngest brother. Ferdinand, known as "the Constant", from the fortitude with which he endured captivity, died unransomed in 1443. By sea Prince Henry's captains continued their exploration of Africa and the Atlantic Ocean. In 1433 Cape Bojador was rounded; in 1434 the first consignment of slaves was brought to Lisbon; and slave trading soon became the most profitable branch of Portuguese commerce, until India was reached. The Senegal was reached in 1445, Cape Verde was passed in the same year, and in 1446 Álvaro Fernandes pushed on almost as far as Sierra Leone. This was probably the farthest point reached before the Navigator died in 1460. Another vector of the discoveries were the voyages westward, during which the Portuguese discovered the Sargasso Sea and possibly sighted the shores of Nova Scotia well before 1492.
Portuguese in Asia[edit]
The effort to colonize and maintain territories scattered around the entire coast of Africa and its surrounding islands, Brazil, India and Indic territories such as in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Japan, China, Indonesia and Timor was a challenge for a population of only one million. Combined with constant competition from the Spanish this led to a desire for secrecy about every trade route and every colony. As a consequence, many documents that could reach other European countries were in fact fake documents with fake dates and faked facts, to mislead any other nation's possible efforts.
Portuguese discoveries and explorations (1415–1543)[edit]
Chronology of the Portuguese discoveries[edit]
- 1147 — Voyage of the Adventurers. Soon before the siege of Lisbon by the crusaders, a Muslim expedition left in search of legendary Islands offshore. They were not heard of again.[citation needed]
- 1336 — Possible first expedition to the Canary Islands with additional expeditions in 1340 and 1341, though this is disputed.[7]
- 1412 — Prince Henry, the Navigator, orders the first expeditions to the African Coast and Canary Islands.
- 1419 — João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira discovered Porto Santo island, in the Madeira group.
- 1420 — The same sailors and Bartolomeu Perestrelo discovered the island of Madeira, which at once began to be colonized.
- 1422 — Cape Nao, the limit of Moorish navigation is passed as the African Coast is mapped.
- 1427 — Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores, which was colonized in 1431 by Gonçalo Velho Cabral.
- 1434 — Gil Eanes sailed round Cape Bojador, thus destroying the legends of the 'Dark Sea'.
- 1434 — the 32 point compass-card replaces the 12 points used until then.
- 1435 — Gil Eanes and Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia discovered Garnet Bay (Angra dos Ruivos) and the latter reached the Gold River (Rio de Ouro).
- 1441 — Nuno Tristão reached Cape White.
- 1443 — Nuno Tristão penetrated the Arguim Gulf. Prince Pedro granted Henry the Navigator the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of Cape Bojador.
- 1444 — Dinis Dias reached Cape Green (Cabo Verde).
- 1445 — Álvaro Fernandes sailed beyond Cabo Verde and reached Cabo dos Mastros (Cape Red)
- 1446 — Álvaro Fernandes reached the northern Part of Portuguese Guinea
- 1452 — Diogo de Teive discovers the Islands of Flores and Corvo.
- 1458 — Alvise Cadamosto discovers the first Cape Verde Islands.
- 1460 — Death of Prince Henry, the Navigator. His systematic mapping of the Atlantic,reached 8° N on the African Coast and 40° W in the Atlantic (Sargasso Sea) in his lifetime.
- 1461 — Diogo Gomes and António Noli discovered more of the Cape Verde Islands.
- 1461 — Diogo Afonso discovered the western islands of the Cape Verde group.
- 1471 — João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar crossed the Equator. The southern hemisphere was discovered and the sailors began to be guided by a new constellation, the Southern Cross. The discovery of the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe is also attributed to these same sailors.
- 1472 — João Vaz Corte-Real and Álvaro Martins Homem reached the Land of Cod, now called Newfoundland.[citation needed]
- 1479 — Treaty of Alcáçovas establishes Portuguese control of the Azores, Guinea, ElMina, Madeira and Cape Verde Islands and Castilian control of the Canary Islands.
- 1482 — Diogo Cão reached the estuary of the Zaire (Congo) and placed a landmark there. Explored 150 km upriver to the Yellala Falls.
- 1484 — Diogo Cão reached Walvis Bay, south of Namibia.
- 1487 — Afonso de Paiva and Pero da Covilhã traveled overland from Lisbon in search of the Kingdom of Prester John. (Ethiopia)
- 1488 — Bartolomeu Dias, crowning 50 years of effort and methodical expeditions, rounded the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean. They had found the "Flat Mountain" of Ptolemy's Geography.
- 1489/92 — South Atlantic Voyages to map the winds
- 1490 — Columbus leaves for Spain after his father-in-law's death.
- 1492 — First exploration of the Indian Ocean.
- 1494 — The Treaty of Tordesillas between Portugal and Spain divided the world into two parts, Spain claiming all non-Christian lands west of a north-south line 370 leagues west of the Azores, Portugal claiming all non-Christian lands east of that line.
- 1495 — Voyage of João Fernandes, the Farmer, and Pedro Barcelos to Greenland. During their voyage they discovered the land to which they gave the name of Labrador (lavrador, farmer)
- 1494 — First boats fitted with cannon doors and topsails.
- 1498 — Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut.
- 1498 — Duarte Pacheco Pereira explores the South Atlantic and the South American Coast North of the Amazon River.
- 1500 — Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil on his way to India.
- 1500 — Gaspar Corte-Real made his first voyage to Newfoundland, formerly known as Terras Corte-Real.[citation needed]
- 1500 — Diogo Dias discovered an island they named after St Lawrence after the saint on whose feast day they had first sighted the island later known as Madagascar
- 1502 — Returning from India, Vasco da Gama discovers the Amirante Islands (Seychelles).
- 1502 — Miguel Corte-Real set out for New England in search of his brother, Gaspar. João da Nova discovered Ascension Island. Fernão de Noronha discovered the island which still bears his name.
- 1503 — On his return from the East, Estêvão da Gama discovered Saint Helena Island.
- 1505 — Gonçalo Álvares in the fleet of the first viceroy sailed south in the Atlantic to were "water and even wine froze" discovering an island named after him, modern Gough Island
- 1505 — Lourenço de Almeida made the first Portuguese voyage to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and established a settlement there.[8]
- 1506 — Tristão da Cunha discovered the island that bears his name. Portuguese sailors become the first Europeans to reach Madagascar.
- 1509 — The Bay of Bengal crossed by Diogo Lopes de Sequeira. On the crossing he also reached Malacca.
- 1511 — Duarte Fernandes is the first European to visit the Kingdom of Siam (Thailand), sent by Afonso de Albuquerque after the conquest of Malaca.[9]
- 1512 — António de Abreu discovered Timor island and reached Banda Islands, Ambon Island and Seram. Francisco Serrão reached the Moluccas.
- 1512 — Pedro Mascarenhas discovered the island of Diego Garcia, he also encountered the Mauritius, although he may not have been the first to do so; expeditions by Diogo Dias and Afonso de Albuquerque in 1507 may have encountered the islands. In 1528 Diogo Rodrigues named the islands of Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues the Mascarene Islands, after Mascarenhas.
- 1512 — João de Lisboa and Estevão Frois reached the La Plata estuary or even perhaps the Gulf of San Matias in 42°S in modern Argentina between 1511 and 1514 (1512) according to the manuscript Newen Zeytung auss Pressilandt in the Fugger archives of the time. Christopher de Haro, the financier of the expedition, bears witness to the trip to La Plata (Rio da Prata) and the news of the "White King" to the interior and west, the Inca emperor – and the axe of silver obtained from the natives and offered to the king Manuel I.
- 1513 — The first trading ship to touch the coasts of China, under Jorge Álvares and Rafael Perestrello later in the same year.
- 1517 — Fernão Pires de Andrade and Tomé Pires were chosen by Manuel I of Portugal to sail to China to formally open relations between the Portuguese Empire and the Ming Dynasty during the reign of the Zhengde Emperor.
- 1525 — Aleixo Garcia explored the Rio de la Plata in service to Spain, as a member of the expedition of Juan Díaz de Solís, and later – from Santa Catarina, Brazil – leading an expedition of some Europeans and 2,000 Guaraní Indians, explored Paraguay and Bolivia. Aleixo Garcia was the first European to cross the Chaco and even managed to penetrate the outer defenses of the Inca Empire on the hills of the Andes (near Sucre), in present-day Bolivia. He was the first European to do so, accomplishing this eight years before Francisco Pizarro.
- 1526 — Discovery of New Guinea by Jorge de Meneses
- 1528 — Diogo Rodrigues explores the Mascarene islands, that he names after his countryman Pedro Mascarenhas, he explored and named the islands of Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues[10]
- 1529 — Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.
- 1542 — Fernão Mendes Pinto, Diogo Zeimoto and Cristovão Borralho became the first Europeans to reach Japan.
- 1542 — The coast of California explored by João Rodrigues Cabrilho.
- 1557 — Macau given to Portugal by the Emperor of China as a reward for services rendered against the pirates who infested the China Sea.
(missing data on Ormuz – from Socotra to Basra, including Muscat, Bahrain, islands in Strait of Hormuz, etc.)
See also[edit]
- Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery
- Naval history
- List of Portuguese people
- Lusitania
- Portugal
- Portuguese colonization of the Americas
- Portuguese Empire (1415–2002)
- Portuguese people
- ^ Collins, Robert O.; Burns, James M. (2007). "Part II, Chapter 12: The arrival of Europeans in sub-Saharan Africa". A History of Sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-521-86746-0.
in 1475 when his contract expired Rui de Sequeira had reached Cabo Santa Caterina (Cape Saint Catherine) south of the equator and the Gabon River.
- ^ Arthur Percival, Newton (1970) [1932]. "Vasco da Gama and The Indies". The Great Age of Discovery. Ayer Publishing. p. 48. ISBN 0-8337-2523-8.
and about the same time Lopo Gonçalves crossed the Equator, while Ruy de Sequeira went on to Cape St. Catherine, two degrees south of the line.
- ^ Koch, Peter O. (2003). "Following the Dream of Prince Henry". To the Ends of the Earth: The Age of the European Explorers. McFarland & Company. p. 62. ISBN 0-7864-1565-7.
Gomes was obligated to pledge a small percentage of his profits to the royal treasury. Starting from Sierra Leone in 1469, this monetarily motivated entrepreneurial explorer spent the next five years extending Portugal's claims even further than he had been required, reaching as far south as Cape St. Catherine before his contract came up for renewal.
- ^ "Corpo Cronológico (Collection of Manuscripts on the Portuguese Discoveries)". UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
- ^ DEBATE SOBRE LA IDENTIDAD DE ESPAÑA. El Mundo
- ^ Roger Smith, "Vanguard of the Empire", Oxford University Press, 1993, p.30
- ^ B. W. Diffie, Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415 -1580, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, p. 28.
- ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Almeida". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
- ^ Donald Frederick Lach, Edwin J. Van Kley, Asia in the Making of Europe, p.520-521, University of Chicago Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-226-46731-3
- ^ José Nicolau da Fonseca, Historical and Archaeological Sketch of the City of Goa, Bombay : Thacker, 1878, pp. 47–48. Reprinted 1986, Asian Educational Services, ISBN 81-206-0207-2.
- Braudel, Fernand, The Perspective of the World 1985
- Former countries in Europe
- States and territories established in 1415
- States and territories disestablished in the 1580s
- History of Portugal by period
- Portuguese Renaissance
- Portuguese Empire
- 15th century in Portugal
- 16th century in Portugal
- Age of Discovery
- Maritime history of Portugal
- Portuguese discoveries
- 1415 establishments in Portugal
- 1578 disestablishments in Portugal


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Thread: X Force SS SD
- Join Date
- Jun 2007
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- 15
X Force SS SD
New NEVER shot, no accessories ever installed Right handed 50Lb limbs 24 and 25 3/8th draw modules. I bought two of these one for my sone and one for my wife, wife dont like it so its gotta go. This bow has not been out of the box for over 10 min. $650.00 Shipped.
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I'm very unhappy with my Rhinoplasty results. My surgeon wasn't helpful, and recommended me to another surgeon (friend) who wasn't helpful as well and seemed to say nothing is wrong. I have been told by other doctors that what I don't like is obvious. Can anyone recommend a great revision specialist (esp. near CT, MASS, NH, and NY?)
Revision Rhinoplasty Doctor Recommendations
Doctor Answers 4
Dr. Constantian is nationally recongnized as a rhinoplasty and revision rhinoplasty expert. I have served on faculty with him in recent courses and found him to be very knowledgeable, skilled and ethical. I would recommend him highly.
Web reference: http://dwkimmd.com/
Rhinoplasty is often said to be the most difficult procedure in cosmetic surgery. As a result, anywhere between 10-20% of rhinoplasties require revision surgery to correct residual deformities or deformities that resulted from the first surgery.
Revision rhinoplasty is much more complicated that primary (first-time) rhinoplasty, and therefore requires more expertise. With major structural deformities, cartilage grafts are required to rebuild the nasal framework. Septal cartilage, while the preferred source of cartilage grafts, has usually been depleted during the first operation. Revision rhinoplasty surgeons then have to "borrow" cartilage from another part of the body - such as the ear or rib. This increases the operative time and cost.
When considering a revision rhinoplasty, patients should seek a consultation with surgeons who specialize in revision rhinoplasty. It is advisable to visit with more than one surgeon and that the patient be willing to travel to find a surgeon who is qualified to perform revision rhinoplasty.
Web reference: http://rhinoplasty-usa.com/html/meet-dr-cochran.html
Web reference: http://www.michaelelammd.com
You might also like...
While I am sure there are excellent rhinoplasty surgeons in your area, I do not personally know folks in that part of the country. However, if you are willing to come to DC, there is a well-known surgeon ther named Csaba Magassy. I used to work with him and have seen him take on some pretty challenging revision rhinoplasty cases.
You can either google his name or go to his website, www.psapc.com.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Investors didn't like what they heard. The company isn't ready to file an application to sell Provenge with the Food and Drug Administration, and won't be until November. If Provenge is approved in the middle of next year,
But investors got it wrong. They should be pleased, because the meeting showed Dendreon has begun the difficult transition from a research firm developing a much-hyped experimental drug to a pharmaceutical company with a product to sell.
It's not an easy feat, and the stock's reaction isn't surprising. When Taxol, for example, emerged 20 years ago, you would have thought from all the breathless articles that cancer would be cured forever if we could just grow enough of the yew trees from which the drug was made. When it wasn't, investors were disappointed. Now, this vital cancer drug is seen realistically as a very toxic but very necessary treatment for many cancers.
The good news for Dendreon is that the results of a 500-patient clinical trial that was presented in April are convincing even some die-hard skeptics. Otis Brawley, the chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, had been one big naysayer, arguing that previous studies of Provenge didn't offer a clear benefit.
"I'm still not 100% convinced, but I'm convinced enough that I actually believe the drug should be FDA approved and I would offer this drug to my patients," Brawley says now. He still says that, if anything, those previous studies made the current result harder to believe. He thinks those previous trials should be barely mentioned in the product's labeling, and that the FDA should require a registry of patients on Provenge to collect more data.
The earlier studies had been part of a 2005 application to the FDA that resulted in a panel of FDA advisers voting to approve Provenge in 2006. But several cancer experts decried the results. The FDA rejected Provenge until more data were available, leading to protests from investors and some patient advocates.
Given that the price of Provenge is expected to be high and that it extends survival for a median of four months, the extra data will likely be a good thing. Provenge will fall into the class of easily attacked cancer drugs like Avastin from
"When you're talking about a drug this expensive, you really need a large randomized phase III trial before you accept it," says Christopher Amling, a urologist at Oregon Health & Science University. He is excited about Provenge because it has few side effects. "It is another option other than the standard old chemotherapy that's going to make me feel sick," he says.
A lot of the analyst meeting was devoted to descriptions of the blocking-and-tackling of making and delivering Provenge to patients. Dendreon is building plants that could eventually make as much as $2.5 billion of Provenge, depending partly on pricing, which won't be set until after the drug is approved. But the big issue is how to get Provenge to patients.
Each patient gets his own version of the Provenge therapy. His blood must be drawn (Dendreon announced that Red Cross centers will help with this step) and filtered to remove immune cells that are then flown in a special packaging container on commercial airlines to one of Dendreon's manufacturing facilities. (The initial plant is in New Jersey.)
Then technicians expose these cells in bags to a protein found in prostate cancer, training them to attack it. Then the cells are flown back to the patient's doctor, who infuses them just like any other drug. The whole process requires expertise that is a lot more
To make this work, Dendreon says it has developed a proprietary software program called Intellivenge, which will help with scheduling appointments and managing the movement of these samples.
Dendreon's meeting also involved some very realistic talk about the size of the market for Provenge. Charles Drake, a professor of immunology and oncology from Johns Hopkins University, said that he thought the initial market would be patients who are not showing symptoms though their disease is spreading. The chemotherapy Taxotere "is a tougher sell" because of side effects, argues Mark Monane, an analyst at Needham & Co.
There were a few moments where the tone of the meeting was unnecessarily boosterish. Neal Shore, medical director of the Carolina Urologic Research Center, was over the top in his enthusiasm during a presentation of the data from the April clinical trial. And a video meant to show the promise of Provenge featured patients who are much younger and healthier than those who will get the drug; those people are likely to not be within the scope of the treatment's marketing approval. Overall, though, Dendreon did a good job showing that it is preparing for the challenges ahead.


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Mr. Sloan, the envoy who negotiates detainee transfers from the military prison at Guantánamo Bay, is resigning, dealing another blow to efforts to close the facility. Full News here – NYT > Politics
Tags: Cliff
Pelosi: Tea Party has taken the GOP over the cliff – Politics Informer Video
Nancy Pelosi explains why she thinks tea party activists are bad not only for the country but for the GOP in particular. More from CNN at http://www.cnn.com/ Video Rating: 3 / 5
Matthews: Dangerous Zig-Zagging To The Cliff
Chuck Todd and Eugene Robinson join Chris Matthews to discuss the dangerous road the U.S. is on approaching the debt ceiling. They also discuss how much control House Speaker John Boehner has over his own party and the fight for the soul of the GOP. Full News here – RealClearPolitics Video Log
Panel on U.S. Politics and Fiscal Cliff Deal – Politics Informer Video
Democratic strategist Christy Setzer and Republican strategist Brandon Brice joins Mike Walter to discuss who are the winners and losers in the fiscal cliff … Video Rating: 0 / 5
Mark Levin: Obama "Like The Pied Piper Trying To Take The Country Over The Cliff"
MARK LEVIN: I have a question for you, Harry Reid. I have a question for you, President Obama. Our entitlements, unfunded liabilities are over 90 trillion dollars, now what are you going to do about it? Where's your proposal? Our fiscal operating deficit is over 16 an a half trillion dollars, now what are you…
Executives Feared 'Cliff' Much More
In December, with the 'fiscal cliff' looming, a stream of executives poured into Washington armed with suggested solutions. This week, the response has been muted. Full News here – WSJ.com: Politics And Policy
The Fiscal Cliff and Obama's Grand Bargain (Part 1) – Politics Informer Video
"President Obama invited Congressional Republicans and Democrats to the White House next week to begin talks to resolve the country's impending fiscal crisis, but he insisted on raising taxes on the wealthiest. "I'm not wedded to every detail of my plan. I'm open to compromise, I'm open to new ideas, I'm committed to solving our…
That Odd, Late Radiology Provision in Fiscal Cliff Bill
In today's Wall Street Journal, Alicia Mundy looks at a last-minute provision in the fiscal-cliff bill that sharply cut Medicare payments for Sweden's Elekta AB, a maker of radiation tools, while leaving unchanged those of its direct competitor, Varian Medical Systems Inc. of California. Here is the text of that last minute provision. Full News…
Room for Favors in 'Cliff' Deal
A deal to avert the fiscal cliff this month included an unwelcome surprise for a Swedish company that is rivals with Varian Medical, a company with close ties to Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. Full News here – WSJ.com: Politics And Policy
Fiscal cliff, elections are boon for lobbyists
Congress' fiscal cliff fiasco, a flurry of lame duck legislation and election-season politics drove some of the nation's most powerful lobbying forces to double down on their governmental influence efforts late last year, newly filed reports show. Full News here – NBCNews.com: Politics