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I am looking for chapter 7-16 from the book understanding operating systems by ann mciver mchoes/ida m. flynn 5th edition? Here are the questions: Study Guide - Chapter 7: Device Management TRUE/FALSE 1. The universal serial bus (USB) controller is a virtual device that acts as an interface between the operating system, device drivers, and applications and the devices that are attached via the USB host. 2. On a magnetic tape, the inter-record gap (IRG) is about 2 inches long regardless of the sizes of the records it separates. 3. Direct access storage devices (DASDs) are devices that can directly read or write to a specific place on a disk. 4. A fixed-head disk is lower in cost than a movable head disk. 5. A fundamental difference between an optical disc and a magnetic disk is the track and sector design. 6. Two of the most important measures of optical disc drive performance are sustained data-transfer rate and longest access time. 7. The first major users of CD-ROMs were libraries and corporations that needed text-based information and reference works such as encyclopedias, system documentation and user training material. 8. An MO disk is covered with a silicone-based glass alloy that needs something more powerful than the magnetic field generated by the read/write head to change states. 9. DASDs are good for files with low activity (the percent of records accessed) or for users who access records in a random fashion. 10. The job of the I/O control unit is to keep up with the I/O requests from the CPU and pass them down the line to the appropriate control unit. 11. Each unit in the I/O subsystem can finish its operation independently from the others. 12. When using DMA, the CPU is involved in transferring data to and from memory for the entire transfer. 13. Buffers are used to store data read from an input device before it's needed by the processor and to store data that will be written to an output device. 14. The traffic controller maintains a file containing the status and connections for each unit in the I/O subsystem, grouped into Channel Control Blocks, Control Unit Control Blocks, and Device Control Blocks. 15. A find strategy determines the order in which the processes get the I/O handler device, and the goal is to keep seek time to a minimum. 16. First-come, first-served (FCFS) is the simplest device-scheduling algorithm. 17. The SCAN algorithm moves the arm methodically from the inner to the outer track, servicing every request in its path. 18. N-Step SCAN doesn't incorporate requests into the arm's path as it travels, but holds all the requests until the arm starts on its way back. 19. RAID is a set of logical disk drives that is viewed as a single physical unit by the operating system. 20. RAID introduces the much-needed concept of redundancy to help systems recover from hardware failure, it also requires fewer disk drives, which decreases hardware costs. 21. RAID Level 0 is the only one that does not provide error correction, or redundancy, and so it is not considered a true form of RAID because it cannot recover from hardware failure. 22. RAID-0 is ideal for data-critical real-time systems. 23. The advantage of RAID Level 3 is that if any one drive fails, data can be restored using the bits in the parity disk. 24. Linux allows new device classes to support emerging devices such as USB drives, FireWire devices, and more. 25. Network interfaces are dissimilar from both char and block devices because their function is to send and receive packets of information as directed by the network subsystem of the kernel. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ____ devices are assigned to only one job at a time. a. Dedicated c. Virtual b. Shared d. Static 2. The USB controller assigns bandwidth to each device depending on its priority; how many priorities are there? a. 2 c. 4 b. 3 d. 5 3. The number of characters that can be recorded per inch on a magnetic tape is determined by the ____ of the tape. a. width c. density b. length d. parity 4. If the transport speed for a magnetic tape is 200 inches per second and the density is 1600 bpi, a total of ____ bytes can be transferred in one second. a. 3,200 c. 320,000 b. 32,000 d. 3,200,000 5. If it takes 2.5 minutes to reach the last record on a tape, what is the average access time? a. .5 minutes c. 1.25 minutes b. 1 minute d. 2 minutes 6. In a fixed-head magnetic disk, each circle is called a ____. a. sector c. track b. block d. platter 7. How many read/write heads are there for each platter on a fixed-head magnetic disk? a. 0 c. 2 b. 1 d. 4 8. The advent of optical discs was made possible by developments in ____ technology. a. magnetic c. storage b. laser d. silicone 9. Which of the following is true of an optical disc? a. sectors are of different sizes - larger on the outside of the disk b. it spins at a constant angular velocity (CAV) c. sectors at the outside of the disk spin faster past the read/write head than the inner sectors d. there is only one track 10. The data-transfer rate for an optical disc is measured in ____ and refers to the speed at which massive amounts of data can be read from the disc. a. KBps c. GBps b. MBps d. TBps 11. When making CDs for sale, such as music or software CDs, data is recorded on a master disc by means of a high-intensity laser beam, which burns indentations, called pits, and flat areas, called ____. a. lands c. hills b. valleys d. lakes 12. The software used to create a CD-R uses a standard format, such as ____, which automatically checks for errors and creates a table of contents, used to keep track of each file's location. a. CD 1000 c. AMC 22 b. ISA 9102 d. ISO 9096 13. A dual-layer, single-sided DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) can hold the equivalent of ____ CDs. a. 3 c. 13 b. 8 d. 19 14. To write data to flash memory, an electric charge is sent through one transistor, called the ____, then through a metal oxide layer, and into a second transistor called the control gate where the charge is stored in a cell until it's erased. a. parallel port c. pit b. floating gate d. crystalline port 15. A typical transfer rate for a fixed head device is 0.00094 ms per byte. If one complete revolution takes 16.8 ms, how long would it take to read a block of 10 records? a. 8.494 ms c. 16.8 ms b. 9.34 ms d. 84.940 ms 16. For a movable head device, which of the following contributes the most to the total access time for a record? a. seek time c. transfer time b. search time d. delay time 17. At the start of an I/O command, what information passed from the CPU to the channel? a. Channel number b. Address of the physical record to be transferred c. Starting address of a memory buffer from which or into which the record is to be transferred d. All of the above 18. How many bits make up the Channel Status Word (CSW)? a. 2 c. 4 b. 3 d. 5 19. Without DMA, the ____ is responsible for the physical movement of data between main memory and the device. a. CPU c. memory controller b. bus d. disk 20. The I/O ____ allocates the devices, control units, and channels. a. scheduler c. device handler b. traffic controller d. director 21. Which is the seek strategy in which the request with the track closest to the one being served is the next to be satisfied? a. LOOK c. SSTF b. FCFS d. SCAN 22. ____ is a way to optimize search times by ordering the requests once the read/write heads have been positioned. a. Rotational ordering c. C-SCAN b. SSTF d. LOOK and SCAN 23. Which RAID level uses word parity for error correction? a. 1 c. 5 b. 3 d. 6 24. Which RAID level requires two different parity calculations? a. 2 c. 5 b. 3 d. 6 25. In Linux, the ____ function deallocates any resources that were allocated with the open function. a. close c. release b. shut d. exit Study Guide - Chapter 8: File Management TRUE/FALSE 1. The File Manager is in charge of the system's physical components, its information resources, and the policies used to store and distribute the files. 2. The computer system defines a file by activating the appropriate secondary storage device and loading the file into memory while updating its records of who is using what file. 3. A record is a group of related bytes that can be identified by the user with a name, type, and size. 4. Directories are listings of filenames and their attributes and are treated in a manner similar to files by the File Manager. 5. Examples of batch commands are CREATE, DELETE, RENAME, and COPY. 6. Without the File Manager every program would need to include instructions to operate all of the different types of devices, and all of the different models within each type. 7. Each volume can only contain a single file. 8. In some operating systems, a subdirectory is created when a user opens an account to access the computer system. 9. Tree structures are inefficient for searching because there are fewer entries in each directory. 10. A file descriptor usually contains only a file name and the directory name in which the file is located. 11. The relative filename is the name that's selected by the File Manager when the file is created. 12. An extension is usually two or three characters long and is separated from the relative name by a period. 13. When someone creates a folder, the system creates a subdirectory in the current directory or folder. 14. When a user gives a command to modify the contents of a file, it's actually a command to access folders within the file. 15. It is easy to calculate the location of a variable-length record. 16. Sequential record organization is by far the easiest to implement because records are stored and retrieved serially, one after the other. 17. An indexed sequential file does not have overflow areas. 18. The File Manager keeps track of the empty storage areas by treating them as files. 19. Although noncontiguous allocation schemes eliminate external storage fragmentation and the need for compaction, they don't support direct access because there's no easy way to determine the exact location of a specific record. 20. Files cannot be converted from sequential to direct or vice versa. 21. Access methods are dictated by a file's organization; the most flexibility is allowed with indexed sequential files and the least with sequential. 22. Many systems force users to have their files organized for fixed-length records if the records are to be accessed directly. 23. In a file management system, information is passed from the Device Manager at the top of the hierarchy to the File Manager at the bottom. 24. Data in a fixed-length field might include a short name followed by many blank characters; it can be replaced with a variable-length field and a special code to indicate how many blanks were truncated. 25. Some Linux file types are unique to Linux and some are from other operating systems such as UNIX. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the primary responsibility of the File Manager? a. Keep track of where each file is stored b. Allocate each file when a user has been cleared for access to it, then record its use c. Deallocate the file when the file is to be returned to storage, and communicate its availability to others who may be waiting for it d. All of the above 2. A ____ is a group of related records that contains information to be used by specific application programs to generate reports. a. field c. file b. record group d. directory 3. MODIFY is a specialized ____ command for existing data files that allows for appending records or for rewriting selected records in their original place in the file. a. OPEN c. CLOSE b. WRITE d. READ 4. Which of the following is an interactive command? a. OPEN c. READ b. CLOSE d. COPY 5. Where is the volume descriptor stored on a DVD? a. outermost part b. innermost part c. immediately following the master file directory d. there can be more than one volume description, each one is stored at the beginning of the volume 6. What name do many users use to refer to subdirectories? a. folders c. volumes b. files d. databases 7. What is the point of entry for every file request? a. directory descriptor c. sub file system b. volume descriptor d. MFD 8. What is stored in the file descriptor? a. File location c. Owner b. Date and time of creation d. All of the above 9. What is the purpose of a file extension? a. identify the directory in which the file is stored b. identify the type of file c. identify the file size d. identify the file owner 10. In a networked environment using the OpenVMS Alpha operating system, a file might be named VAX2::USR3:[IMFST.FLYNN]INVENTRY.DOC;7. What is the volume where the file is stored? a. VAX2 c. IMFST b. USR3 d. FLYNN 11. A UNIX or Linux system might identify a file as: /usr/imfst/flynn/inventry.doc. What is the root directory? a. / c. imfst b. usr d. flynn 12. As long as users refer to files in the ____ directory, they can access their files without entering the complete name from the highest level to the lowest. a. root c. home b. working d. default 13. When data is stored in fixed length fields, what happens if a particular piece of data is too long to fit in the field? a. an operating system error b. it is truncated c. the data is broken up and stored in more than one field d. multiple fields are combined to accommodate the data 14. On magnetic disks, files can be organized in one of three ways; what are they? a. indexed direct, indexed indirect, or random b. sequential, indirect, or direct c. sequential, random, or indirect d. sequential, direct, or indexed sequential 15. When using random access files, the program used to store the data follows a set of instructions, called a ____ algorithm, that transforms each key into a number, the record's logical address. a. hashing c. translation b. grouping d. lookup 16. When using indexed sequential record organization, each entry in the index file contains the ____ and the physical location of the data block where this record, and the records with smaller keys, are stored. a. last record name c. lowest record key b. highest record key d. first record name 17. What is the primary disadvantage of contiguous storage? a. hard to implement and manage b. difficult to find information in files c. file can't be expanded unless there's empty space available immediately following it d. inefficient use of space 18. When using noncontiguous storage allocation additions to the file are linked using pointers and are called ____. a. subfiles c. fragments b. extents d. add-ons 19. In noncontiguous storage, linking can take place at the ____ level where each part of the file points to the next one in the sequence. a. subdirectory c. directory b. file d. storage 20. When a file is created, the pointers in the index block are all set to ____. a. the end of the volume c. null b. the beginning of the volume d. zero 21. The File Manager uses the address of the ____ to access the next sequential record. a. first byte read c. first byte in the file b. last byte read d. index record 22. Which formula does the logical file system use to transform a record number to its byte address? a. CBA = (RN – 1) * RL c. CBA = RN / RL b. CBA = RN * RL d. CBA = (RN + 1) * RL 23. Which access control scheme is most commonly used? a. access control matrix c. capability list b. access control list d. capability matrix 24. Which of the following might be an encoded version of ADAMSbbbbbbbbbb? a. ADAMSx10 c. AD2MSb10 b. ASbb d. ADAMSb10 25. In Linux, a ____ is a file that's used as a communication channel among several processes to exchange data. a. symbolic link c. named pipe b. directory d. special file Study Guide - Chapter 9: Network Organization Concepts TRUE/FALSE 1. A common goal of all networked systems is to provide a convenient way to share resources while controlling users' access to them. 2. Typically, a host at one site, called the client, has resources that a host at another site, called the server, wants to use. 3. The physical topology of a network may not reflect its logical topology. 4. Star topology permits easy routing. 5. In a ring topology each packet is passed from node to node in both directions, and the destination station copies the data into a local buffer. 6. In a bus topology, devices are physically connected by means of cables that run between them, and the cables pass through a centralized controller mechanism called the bus. 7. The tree topology is a collection of rings. 8. The objective of a hybrid configuration is to select among the strong points of each topology and combine them to meet that system's communications requirements most effectively. 9. A local area network is generally owned, used, and operated by a single organization and allows computers to communicate directly through a common communication line. 10. A MAN is a high-speed network often configured using a physical ring topology. 11. The IEEE standard 802.11b is not compatible with 802.11g. 12. A WLAN typically poses security vulnerabilities because of its open architecture and the inherent difficulty of keeping out unauthorized intruders. 13. Addressing protocols are normally unrelated to the network topology and geographic location of each site. 14. A router is an internetworking device, primarily software driven, which directs traffic between two different types of LANs or two network segments with different protocol addresses. 15. When using RIP the entire table is updated only when changes have occurred; this decreases internetwork traffic and positively affects the delivery of messages. 16. Circuit switching is a communication model in which a dedicated communication path is established between two hosts. 17. Packet switching is very similar to circuit switching. 18. In the virtual circuit approach, the destination and packet sequence number aren't added to the information identifying the packet's message. 19. Round robin is an inefficient technique when there are many nodes transmitting over long periods of time. 20. Ethernet is the most widely known CSMA/CD protocol. 21. A token-passing network always uses a star topology. 22. When using the distributed-queue, dual bus (DQDB) protocol, transmission on each bus consists of a steady stream of fixed-size slots. 23. Bridging between two homogeneous networks occurs at the data link level. 24. Layer 6 of the OSI model is responsible for providing a user-oriented connection service and transferring data over the communication lines. 25. The Internet layer is equivalent to the portion of the data link layer of the OSI model. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Usually, the term "____" indicates a specific location in a network containing one or more computer systems. a. site c. node b. host d. remote 2. The geometric arrangement of connections (cables, wireless, or both) that link the nodes is called a ____. a. layout c. map b. topology d. physical network 3. When deciding which configuration to use, designers should keep in mind four criteria. What are they? a. equipment cost, time to implement, reliability, scalability b. equipment cost, time to implement, throughput, security c. basic cost, communication cost, reliability, user's environment d. basic cost, scalability, reliability, user's environment 4. In which networking configuration are hosts connected to each other through a central controller which assumes all responsibility for routing messages to the appropriate host? a. bus c. ring b. spiral d. star 5. When using a ring topology, a ____ can be used to connect to another network. a. star c. router b. central controller d. bridge 6. The ____ is the specific set of rules used to control the flow of messages through the network. a. topology c. system b. protocol d. configuration 7. In which topology are hosts connected to one another in a linear fashion? a. bus c. star b. ring d. gateway 8. When using a bus topology, how many sites can successfully send a message at a time? a. 1 c. 100 b. 10 d. unlimited number 9. A ____ is typically a cluster of personal computers or workstations located in the same general area. a. LAN c. WAN b. MAN d. PAN 10. High-speed LANs have a data rate that varies from 100 megabits per second to more than ____ per second. a. 1000 megabits c. 40 gigabits b. 20 gigabits d. 100 gigabits 11. What is the maximum circumference for a MAN? a. 10 miles c. 100 kilometers b. 50 kilometers d. 200 miles 12. Which of the following is the most vulnerable to security breaches? a. LAN c. WAN b. MAN d. WLAN 13. Consider the address
[email protected]
What is the host name in this address? a. someone c. lis b. icarus d. pitt 14. A ____ is an internetworking device, primarily software driven, which directs traffic between two different types of LANs or two network segments with different protocol addresses. a. router c. gateway b. bridge d. bus 15. When using RIP, which path is chosen? a. fastest server c. shortest response time b. most secure d. smallest number of hops 16. What is a good example of a circuit-switched network? a. telephone system c. United States Postal Service b. Internet d. All of the above 17. Which of the following is true of packet switching? a. Preferred in low volume networks c. Reduced line efficiency b. Easily overloaded d. Shared by many transmissions 18. In the ____ approach, the destination and sequence number of the packet is added to the information uniquely identifying the message to which the packet belongs; each packet is then handled independently and a route is selected as each packet is accepted into the network. a. physical circuit c. telegram b. datagram d. virtual circuit 19. Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) is a ____-based protocol. a. round robin c. contention b. reservation d. detection 20. When using CSMA/CD, how long do nodes wait to retransmit after a collision? a. 1 millisecond c. 1 minute b. 1 second d. a random period 21. The distributed-queue, dual bus (DQDB) protocol is intended for use with a dual-bus configuration, where each bus transports data in only one direction, and has been standardized by one of the IEEE committees as part of its ____ standards. a. token ring c. LAN b. MAN d. ISO 22. In the OSI transport protocol model, what is Layer 6? a. physical c. presentation b. network d. application 23. In the OSI model, which layer provides the interface to users and is responsible for formatting user data before passing it to the lower layers for transmission to a remote host? a. 3 c. 6 b. 4 d. 7 24. How many layers are there in the TCP/IP model? a. 2 c. 7 b. 4 d. 10 25. In the TCP/IP model, the ____ layer is equivalent to the transport and session layers of the OSI model. a. host-host c. network access b. Internet d. process/application Study Guide - Chapter 10: Management of Network Functions TRUE/FALSE 1. Networks were created initially to share data. 2. The network operating system handles the interfacing details and coordinates the remote processing. 3. In response to the Write command the File Manager sends a command to the remote server to unlock that file. 4. In a distributed operating system, resources are owned by the local system. 5. To globally manage the network's entire suite of resources, a DO/S is typically constructed with a replicated kernel operating system. 6. DO/S was developed before NOS. 7. Under a DO/S resources are allocated based on negotiation and compromise among equally important peer sites in the distributed system. 8. Execute-only access allows users to read the page but they're not allowed to modify it. 9. In a network, the Processor Manager provides the policies and mechanisms to create, delete, abort, name, rename, find, schedule, block, run, and synchronize processes. 10. Each kernel is operated by the application software which, in turn, is directed by the kernel running on the host computer. 11. The arbitration rule is a policy that's used to resolve conflicts between jobs of different priorities. 12. An object-based DO/S provides for process management through the use of client/server processes synchronized and linked together through messages and ports, also known as channels or pipes. 13. In a distributed system there is a high level of cooperation and sharing of actions and data maintained by the sites when determining which process should be loaded and where it should be run. 14. If a process requests access to a region in memory, the process manager first determines whether the requesting process has been previously granted rights. 15. The kernel environment for distributed systems may have a scheduler but is also capable of providing its own scheduling. 16. The Process Manager has responsibility for the following tasks: creating objects, dispatching objects, scheduling objects, synchronizing operations on objects, communicating among objects, and deleting objects. 17. The DO/S keeps a global accounting of each network device and its availability, maintaining each device's status record and control block, and distributing this information to all sites. 18. All devices are controlled by a global device manager under a DO/S. 19. One advantage of process-based DO/S is that the processes can be assembled to communicate and synchronize with each other to provide a distributed network of resources, with each process knowing the location of its distributed peers. 20. Data redundancy can make files much faster and easier to read. 21. Deadlock caused by circular waits are not an issue in a distributed operating system. 22. When processes—or objects—need to communicate with each other, the Network Manager links them together through a queue. 23. Networks are becoming increasingly homogeneous. 24. The find-and-copy technique isn't considered true file sharing because all users wanting access to the data file must copy the file onto their own systems, thereby duplicating the code and wasting space. 25. Most Web browsers display FTP directories using graphical icons to represent available files and directories. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the biggest limitation of a NOS? a. performance issues b. does not take global control over management functions c. unsecure d. prohibitively expensive 2. What is the main difference between a NOS and DO/S? a. view and management of local and global resources b. cost for each installation c. scalability when adding new nodes d. All of the above 3. Which of the following is true of a NOS? a. requests passed from node to node via the NOS b. local resources managed globally c. resources owned by local nodes d. resources owned by global system 4. In a typical NOS environment, a user who wants to run a local process at a remote site must several steps. Which happens first? a. log on to the local network b. instruct the local system to migrate the process or data to the remote site c. send a request to the remote site to schedule the process on its system d. log on to the NOS 5. For each node, the Memory Manager uses a kernel with a(n) ____ algorithm to track the amount of memory that's available. a. sharing c. turning b. stacking d. paging 6. To control the demand, the Memory Manager handles requests from the process manager to allocate and deallocate space based on ____. a. the priority of each process b. the network's usage patterns c. the priority of the node generating the request d. a round robin scheduling algorithm 7. When an application tries to access a page that's not in memory, a ____ occurs and the Memory Manager automatically brings that page into memory. a. page fault c. page allocation b. page request d. demand page 8. Which control exists to make sure processes don't write to pages that should be read-only? a. Guard-page c. Execute-only b. No-access d. None of the above 9. Typically, the system's scheduling function has three parts: a ____, a priority function, and an arbitration rule. a. request evaluator c. decision mode b. scheduling request d. request queue 10. A scheduler based on process priorities and durations is an example of which of the theories used to advance job scheduling? a. statistical decision theory c. queuing theory b. estimation theory d. grouping theory 11. In a distributed system there is a high level of cooperation and sharing of actions and data maintained by the sites when determining which process should be loaded and where it should be run. How is this accomplished? a. exchanging messages between site operating systems b. managing all communications within a central controller c. a dispatcher on each machine communicates with the dispatchers on the other sites d. requests are sent to queues 12. When a process reaches a point at which it needs service from an external source, such as an I/O request, it sends a message searching for the service. While it waits for a response, the processor server puts the process in a ____ state. a. STOP c. BUSY b. WAIT d. RESPONSE 13. How do you determine an object's state in object-based DO/S? a. examine the state property b. look in the object state block c. perform an operation on it d. examine the state table maintained by the DO/S 14. Which component of an object-based DO/S is responsible for process synchronization mechanisms and communication support? a. kernel c. network manager b. central controller d. the responsibility is shared among sites 15. When either the sender and receiver are linked and ready to send and receive the communication is ____. a. asynchronous c. indirect b. synchronous d. direct 16. Once an object has been scheduled, the Process Manager must wait for the kernel dispatcher to pull it out and place it into the ____ state. a. NEXT c. WAIT b. STOP d. RUNNING 17. When a user wants to print a file by executing a print command the user's File Manager places a copy of the file in the DO/S ____ directory. a. print c. print queue b. spooler d. device 18. In process-based DO/S, special serves called ____ are responsible for accepting requests for service on the individual devices they control, processing each request fairly, providing service to the requestor, and returning to serve others. a. kernels c. spoolers b. guardians d. nodes 19. To control resource clusters as a group, most process-based systems are configured around complex ____, which manage multiple resources or divide the work among subordinate processes. a. resource managers c. scheduling algorithms b. semaphores d. server processes 20. In object-based DO/S, what happens if a local device cannot fulfill a user request? a. it sends the request to a remote peer b. it sends the request to a central controller c. the user must wait until the local device is ready d. an error will occur 21. What is the main function of a DO/S File Manager? a. gather remote files into a single location b. pass requests to local File Managers c. provide transparent mechanisms to work with files d. provide security to distributed files 22. Which file function causes the DO/S File Manager to use a master directory with information about all files stored anywhere on the system and set up a channel to the file? a. Find and Open c. Write b. Read d. Create 23. ____ techniques give the system the ability to perform concurrent reads and writes, as long as the results of these actions don't jeopardize the contents of the database. a. Query processing c. Location transparency b. Concurrency control d. Data redundancy 24. What is the focus of a NOS? a. providing security c. sharing resources b. managing users d. running programs 25. What program helps users transfer files from one computer to another? a. telnet c. MTP b. SecureTransfer d. FTP Study Guide - Chapter 11: Security and Ethics TRUE/FALSE 1. Any vulnerability at the operating system level opens the entire system to attack. 2. Intrusion detection is an example of a strategy for improving system survivability based on knowledge gained from intrusions. 3. A single computer without access to e-mail or the Internet is easy to protect and has a low risk of attack. 4. Backups become significant when a computer virus infects your system. 5. A gap in system security is always malicious. 6. When nonsynchronized processes access data records and modify some but not all of a record's fields, it's called "accidental incomplete modification of data." 7. Wire tapping is when unauthorized users gain the capability to search through storage, directories, or files for information they aren't privileged to read. 8. If a password consists of 10 characters, it would take a human about 4.5 years to guess the password if the human makes 1 try each second. 9. A virus is defined as a small program written to alter the way a computer operates, without the permission or knowledge of the user. 10. Some viruses are benign. 11. A master boot record virus infects both the boot record and program files, making them especially difficult to repair. 12. The first widely destructive worm infected more than 6,000 systems over several days in 1988. 13. A logic bomb often spreads unnoticed throughout a network until it goes off and does its damage. 14. There are several guaranteed methods of protecting your system from assault. 15. Software to combat viruses is always preventive. 16. The only way to remove a Trojan horse is to remove the entire body of the malicious program. 17. A firewall sits between the network and the individual computers. 18. One popular authentication tool is Kerberos, a network authentication protocol developed as part of the Athena Project at MIT. 19. The Kerberos protocol does not provide a mechanism for revoking access from users who should no longer have access. 20. The most extreme form of encryption is partial encryption. 21. In public/private key encryption, the private key is a pair of two prime numbers chosen by the person who wants to receive a private message. 22. Spooling is a security threat that relies on cleartext transmission whereby the assailant falsifies the IP addresses of an Internet server by changing the address recorded in packets it sends over the Internet. 23. Default passwords pose unique vulnerabilities because they are widely known among system attackers but are a necessary tool for vendors. 24. In 1977 the IEEE and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) issued a standard of ethics for the global computing community 25. A continuing series of security awareness and ethics communications to computer users is more effective than a single announcement. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What are the key properties of a survivable system? a. resistance to attacks b. recognition of attacks and resulting damage c. adaptation and evolution of system defense mechanisms to mitigate future attacks d. All of the above 2. ____ is a component that contributes to system recovery. a. Authentication c. Data replication b. Integrity checking d. Encryption 3. Which of the following has the highest level of risk? a. LAN with Internet b. LAN without Internet c. Single computer without e-mail or Internet d. They all pose the same level of risk 4. What is the name for a system where the entire system is backed up once a week and only the files that were changed that day are backed up daily? a. incremental c. phased b. layered d. recovery-based 5. Errors can occur when data values are incorrectly stored because the field isn't large enough to hold the numeric value stored there; this is an example of a(n) ____. a. unintentional intrusion c. denial-of-service attack b. malicious attack d. trap door attack 6. How long would it take a computer to crack a password with a length of 3 characters if the computer tries 1 million values per second? a. .000013 seconds c. .008788 seconds b. .000338 seconds d. 58 hours 7. Two methods of active wire tapping are "between lines transmission" and "____." a. Trojan horse c. browsing b. piggyback entry d. trap doors 8. If your system is in the US, to whom should you report attempts to intrude into the system? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation c. Department of Justice b. Central Intelligence Agency d. Computer Crimes Investigation Agency 9. What type of virus infects data files? a. File infector c. Master boot record b. Boot sector d. Macro 10. What is the immediate result of a worm? a. there is no immediate effect c. data loss b. slower processing time of legitimate work d. computer crash 11. Intruders have been known to capture user passwords by using a ____ to replace the standard login program on the computer with an identical fake login that captures keystrokes. a. worm c. Trojan horse b. masquerade program d. virtual login console 12. When does a logic bomb perform its malicious work? a. immediately upon installation b. at a specified time c. when activated remotely by the person who planted it d. when a specified event takes place 13. What are the characteristics of a blended threat? a. Spreads to other systems using multiple methods. b. Attacks other systems from multiple points. c. Propagates without human intervention. d. All of the above 14. Generally, ____ software to combat viruses compares file sizes (checking for added code when none is expected), looks for replicating instructions, and searches for unusual file activity. a. diagnostic c. reactive b. preventive d. firewall 15. Using ____, the firewall reviews the header information for incoming and outgoing Internet packets to verify that the source address, destination address, and protocol are all correct. a. snooping c. a proxy server b. packet filtering d. anti-virus software 16. A ____ server hides important network information from outsiders by making the network server invisible. a. redirection c. proxy b. blocking d. fire 17. What is the name for the object used by the Kerberos protocol to provide client verification? a. password c. token b. passphrase d. ticket 18. What is another name for total network encryption? a. communications encryption c. complete encryption b. partial encryption d. secure encryption 19. What is a disadvantage of encryption? a. increases the system's overhead b. difficult for users to have to encrypt and decrypt data c. very costly financially d. All of the above 20. Public/private key encryption relies on the fact that there is no known formula for factoring large numbers greater than ____ digits. a. 75 c. 110 b. 80 d. 150 21. What type of program picks up information as it passes over the Internet and logs it for further analysis and use? a. spoofer c. packet sniffer b. proxy server d. Trojan horse 22. How often should passwords be changed for general users? a. every week c. every 30 to 90 days b. every month d. every year 23. Which of the following is currently a viable alternative to using a password for authentication? a. smart card c. not using a password b. fingerprinting d. retina scan 24. ____ is a form of social engineering whereby an intruder pretends to be a legitimate entity and contacts unwary users asking them to reconfirm their personal and/or financial information. a. Spoofing c. Impersonating b. Phishing d. Acting 25. Who is responsible for monitoring the ethical use of technology? a. Department of Justice c. the global technology community b. Federal Bureau of Investigation d. system owners Study Guide - Chapter 12: System Management TRUE/FALSE 1. Most operating systems were designed to work with a certain piece of hardware, a category of processors, or specific groups of users. 2. The performance of each system resource is independent of any other resource. 3. Any system improvement can be made only after extensive analysis of the needs of the system's resources, requirements, managers, and users. 4. Increasing the number of processors necessarily increases overhead required to manage multiple jobs among multiple processors. 5. Blocking increases the number of physical I/O requests. 6. Rescheduling requests is a technique that can help optimize I/O times. 7. It is possible to change the turn the reordering algorithm either on or off during normal system operation. 8. If a file is stored noncontiguously and has several sections residing in widely separated cylinders of a disk pack, sequentially accessing all of its records could be a time-consuming task. 9. The location of a volume's directory on the disk never makes a significant difference in the time it takes to access it. 10. The Network Manager allows a network administrator to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware, and ensure compliance with software license agreements. 11. It is easy to measure system efficiency. 12. Capacity is a composite measure that indicates the productivity of the system as a whole. 13. Throughput and capacity can be monitored by either hardware or software. 14. Resource utilization is usually measured as a percentage of time that the resource is idle. 15. Availability in its simplest form means that a unit will be operational and not out of service when a user needs it. 16. If you buy a terminal with an MTBF of 4000 hours, and you plan to use it for 4 hours a day for 20 days a month, then you would expect it to fail once every 5 months 17. A positive feedback loop mechanism monitors the system and, when it becomes too congested, signals the Job Scheduler to slow down the arrival rate of the processes. 18. An algorithm for a positive feedback loop should monitor the effect of new arrivals in two places: the Processor Manager's control of the CPU and the Device Manager's read and write operations. 19. Benchmarks are often used by vendors to demonstrate to prospective clients the specific advantages of a new CPU, operating system, compiler, or piece of hardware. 20. In a multiuser environment, computer costs are usually distributed among users based on the budget for each department. 21. By offering reduced rates during off hours some users might be persuaded to run long jobs in batch mode inexpensively overnight instead of interactively during peak hours. 22. Patch management is a simple task that does not require much time or effort. 23. With every patch announcement, system attackers are also armed with this critical information, and they will move quickly to compromise your system. 24. Deploying a patch to a large network is not much more complicated than deploying a patch on a single computer. 25. The advantage of routine patch cycles is that they allow for thorough review of the patch and testing cycles before deployment. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Memory management is intrinsically linked with ____ management when memory is used to buffer data between a very fast processor and slower secondary storage devices. a. device c. process b. disk d. processor 2. Which of the following always occurs when memory management algorithms grow more complex? a. CPU use decreases c. buffers are required b. CPU overhead increases d. system performance improves 3. Which of the following is a result of multiprogramming? a. slower response time c. better use of the CPU b. decreased throughput d. All of the above 4. ____ helps the CPU match the slower speed of I/O devices. a. Prioritizing c. Buffering b. Rescheduling d. Blocking 5. Assume that a system consisting of CPU 1 and Disk Drive A has to access Track 1, Track 9, Track 1, and then Track 9, and that the arm is already located at Track 1. Without reordering, how long does Drive A require to complete the access? CPU1 time for 1000 instructions: 30.0 ms Drive A access speed: 35 ms a. 30 ms c. 70 ms b. 35 ms d. 105 ms 6. If a file is stored ____ and has several sections residing in widely separated cylinders of a disk pack, sequentially accessing all of its records could be a time-consuming task. a. randomly c. contiguously b. noncontiguously d. on several volumes 7. If directories are stored on the ____ track, then, on average, the disk drive arm has to travel farther to access each file than it would if the directories were kept in the ____ tracks. a. outermost, center c. master, slave b. innermost, outermost d. volume, file 8. What tasks are routinely performed by the network manager? a. synchronizes the load among remote processors b. determines message priorities c. tries to select the most efficient communication paths over multiple data communication lines d. All of the above 9. ____ is/are usually measured under steady-state conditions and reflects quantities such as "the number of jobs processed per day" or "the number of online transactions handled per hour." a. Capacity c. Throughput b. Turnaround time d. Bottlenecks 10. When do bottlenecks develop? a. when the system is underutilized c. when the system is mismanaged b. when resources reach their capacity d. in a deadlocked system 11. With reference to batch jobs, response time is called ____ time. a. turnaround c. batch b. job d. completion 12. Which of the following has the highest availability? a. Windows NT-based c. IBM S/390 (sysplexed) b. IBM S/390 (nonsysplexed) d. AS/400 13. What is the formula used to calculate availability? a. MTBF * (MTBF - MTTR) c. MTBF * (MTBF + MTTR) b. MTBF / (MTBF - MTTR) d. MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR) 14. ____ is similar to availability but it measures the probability that a unit will not fail during a given time period and it's a function of MTBF. a. Response likelihood c. Scalability b. Reliability d. Operability 15. What is the Job Scheduler instructed to do by a negative feedback loop mechanism when the system becomes congested? a. send the jobs to another processor c. slow down process arrival rate b. suspend processing d. speed up process arrival rate 16. What is a danger of positive feedback loops? a. If too many new jobs are allowed to enter the job stream, the result can be an increase in page faults. b. A single job will be allowed to run to completion and slow down the system. c. It increases the chance of deadlock. d. As more jobs enter, the amount of main memory allocated to each job decreases. 17. What is a disadvantage of software monitoring tools over hardware monitoring tools? a. They are more difficult to install. b. They become part of the system they can distort the results of the analysis. c. They are more expensive. d. They are not secure. 18. When providing accounting for computer use, secondary storage used during the billing period is usually given in terms of ____. a. type of storage device c. bytes of storage b. units of time d. the number of disk tracks allocated 19. What is the disadvantage of maintaining billing records online? a. overhead c. insecure b. security d. unfair 20. What is the primary reasons for the emphasis on software patches for sound system administration? a. need to assure system compliance with government regulations regarding privacy b. need for vigilant security precautions against constantly changing system threats c. financial accountability d. All of the above 21. Who has the overall responsibility of keeping an organization's patches up-to-date? a. Chief Information Officer c. network administrator b. Chief Security Officer d. depends on the organization 22. What is the first thing that an administrator should do upon notification of a new patch? a. identify the criticality of the patch b. deploy the patch c. test the patch d. ignore the notification and let automatic updates handle the patch 23. What is the first step in testing a patch? a. test your contingency plans to uninstall the patch b. check to see if the patched software performs its assigned tasks c. test to see if the system reboots after the patch is installed d. test to see whether the patch disrupts normal system operations 24. What is needed to achieve success in deploying a patch to a large network? a. automated patch installation software b. an accurate inventory of all hardware and software on those computers that need the patch c. external patch management hardware d. launching the deployment on all the computers at the same time 25. What are the two groups that deployment software can be divided into? a. structured and unstructured c. automatic and manual b. secure and insecure d. agent-based and agentless Chapter 13 Study Guide: UNIX Operating System TRUE/FALSE 1. While Linux and UNIX are different operating systems, they strongly resemble each other in many ways. 2. The portability of UNIX is attributed to the fact that most of it is written in a high-level language, C++. 3. UNIX has grown to become one of the most widely used operating systems in history. 4. By 1990, there were about two dozen versions of UNIX, among them AT&T's UNIX System V. 5. In 1991, AT&T's Unix System Laboratories developed System V release 6, which incorporated almost all of the features found in System V release 3. 6. The immediate goals for UNIX were twofold, to develop an operating system that would support software development, and to keep its algorithms as simple as possible. 7. UNIX can be mastered by novice programmers in a matter of weeks. 8. UNIX Version 4 was hardware independent. 9. Swapping uses a round robin policy. 10. Demand paging requires more complicated hardware configurations; it increases the system overhead and under heavy loads might lead to thrashing. 11. The UNIX kernel does not reside in memory permanently, it can be swapped out when needed to provide more space for applications. 12. The Processor Manager of a UNIX system kernel handles the allocation of the CPU, process scheduling, and the satisfaction of process requests. 13. The UNIX process scheduling algorithm picks the process that will run in the shortest amount of time to be run first. 14. In UNIX the process table is set up when the process is created and is deleted when the process terminates. 15. UNIX is a true multitasking operating system. 16. The system command, split, splits a program into two copies, which are both running from the statement after the command. 17. The exec family of commands—execl, execv, execls, execlp and execvp—is used to start execution of a new program from another program. 18. UNIX is designed to ensure device dependence to the applications running under it. 19. The UNIX I/O system is divided into the "block I/O" system and the "interactive I/O" system. 20. Each physical device in UNIX is identified by a minor device number, a major device number, and a contact address. 21. UNIX stores files as sequences of bytes and does not impose any structure on them. 22. The UNIX file management system organizes the disk into blocks of 1024 bytes each and divides the disk into four basic regions. 23. The second column in a directory listing indicates the number of links, also known as the number of aliases, that refer to the same physical file. 24. The C shell is usually available as an unbundled product. 25. A pipe is the operating system's way to connect the output from one program to the input of another without the need for temporary or intermediate files. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A disadvantage of Linux and UNIX is ____. a. They are device dependent. b. Programmers do not like using the interface. c. It is difficult for novice users to learn. d. It is not portable from smaller to larger systems. 2. the first official version of UNIX introduced was in ____. a. 1969 c. 1973 b. 1971 d. 1981 3. The command ____ is used to find a specified string of characters in a file. a. cp c. grep b. mv d. ls 4. ____ is a family of IEEE standards that define a portable operating system interface to enhance the portability of programs from one operating system to another. a. POSIX c. LINUX b. POSFIX d. STD 5. For multiprogramming systems, most UNIX operating systems use either ____ management techniques. a. indirect paging and hot swapping c. virtual memory and swapping b. simple memory and paging d. swapping or demand paging memory 6. UNIX uses a ____ to keep track of which processes are using which program code, and the memory is not released until the program code is no longer needed. a. pointer c. binary file b. text table d. database 7. UNIX uses the ____ page replacement algorithm. a. least recently used c. priority b. round robin d. oldest first 8. When the UNIX Processor Manager is deciding which process from the READY queue will be loaded into memory to be run first, it chooses the process ____. a. with the lowest priority b. which has been waiting longest c. with the lowest amount of time remaining to execute d. with the longest time spent on the secondary storage 9. In UNIX, a ____ table is allocated to each active process. a. process c. user b. subtext d. database 10. A ____ may occur if an event happens during the process's transition between deciding to wait for the event and entering the WAIT state. a. race c. starvation b. deadlock d. synchronization problem 11. The ____ command allows the programmer to synchronize process execution by suspending the parent until the child is finished. a. exec c. wait b. fork d. pause 12. There is no return from a successful ____ call. a. nest c. duplicate b. exec d. fork 13. Subroutines that work with the operating system to supervise the transmission of data between main memory and a peripheral unit are called the ____. a. device controllers c. control drivers b. device drivers d. controllers 14. In UNIX, the file ____ contains the parameters that control resources such as the number of internal buffers for the kernel and the size of the swap space. a. config.sys c. ctrl.conf b. conf.ini d. conf.c 15. When using a terminal, as the user types in each character, it is collected in the ____ queue. a. raw input c. character b. canonical input d. buffer 16. ____ are the device drivers that provide the interface to I/O hardware. a. Dev files c. Special files b. Dev drivers d. Store files 17. The UNIX file management system organizes the disk into blocks of 512 bytes each and divides the disk into four basic regions, the first of which is ____. a. contains the size of the disk and the boundaries of the other regions b. free blocks available for file storage c. a list of file definitions d. reserved for booting 18. Using ____ in a path name will move you upward in the hierarchy. a. / c. . b. .. d. ^ 19. The maximum number of bytes that can be allocated to a single file in UNIX is ____. a. 128 c. 2,113,674 b. 16,522 d. 1,082,201,088 20. The ____ command is used to delete a file or directory. a. rm c. del b. mv d. erase 21. The following command ____ , will copy the contents of chapt1 and chapt2 into a file named sectiona. a. chapt1, chapt2 < sectiona b. cp chapt1 sectiona, cp chapt2 sectiona c. cat chapt1 chapt2 > sectiona d. ls chapt1, chapt2, sectiona 22. The following command ____ will store the names of all users logged on to the system in the file called temporary. a. ls user temporary c. users > temporary b. who > temporary d. view users temporary 23. A ____ is several programs simultaneously processing the same I/O stream. a. pipeline c. filter b. pipe d. redirect 24. If a program's execution is expected to take a long time, you can start its execution and then log off the system without having to wait for it to finish by using the command ____. a. fin c. keep b. finproc d. nohup 25. The command ____ is used to lower the priority of a process. a. lp c. nice b. set priority d. low Chapter 14 Study Guide: MS-DOS Operating System TRUE/FALSE 1. MS-DOS was written for a single family of microprocessors. 2. MS-DOS is the successor of the IBM operating system. 3. Version 3.2 of MS-DOS supported token ring and 3 1/2 inch disks. 4. Later versions of MS-DOS are not compatible with earlier versions. 5. MS-DOS was designed to accommodate a single novice user in a single-process environment. 6. The top layer of MS-DOS is the kernel. 7. The layer at the bottom of MS-DOS is BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). 8. The DOS kernel is a proprietary program supplied by Microsoft Corporation that implements MS-DOS. 9. The MS-DOS command processor is interpretive. 10. In its heyday, MS-DOS ran an enormous collection of software packages, making it difficult to discontinue this operating system. 11. In RAM main memory, the interrupt vectors are located in high-addressable memory and the COMMAND.COM overlay is located in low-addressable memory. 12. An interrupt vector specifies where the interrupt handler program for a specific interrupt type is located. 13. If a program that is already running needs more memory, such as for additional I/O buffers, the Memory Manager checks to see whether enough memory remains. 14. A well-designed application program only releases memory when it stops running. 15. Interrupt handlers are a crucial part of the system. 16. Device channels are a part of MS-DOS. 17. You can write your own device driver for MS-DOS. 18. DOS is not case-sensitive so filenames and commands can be entered in uppercase, lowercase, or a combination of both. 19. When the user is working in a directory or subdirectory, it is called the working directory and any file in that directory can be accessed by its relative name. 20. When a disk is formatted (using the FORMAT command), its tracks are divided into sectors of 1024 bytes each. 21. Each subdirectory can contain its own subdirectories and/or files. 22. MS-DOS looks at data in a disk file as a continuous string of bytes. 23. The MS-DOS command LIST displays the text file on the screen. 24. A commonly used filter is SORT, which accepts input from the keyboard, sorts that data, and displays it on the screen. 25. The DIR command displays directories and subdirectories in a hierarchical and indented list. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ____ was initially responsible for the popularity of MS-DOS. a. IBM c. HP b. Sun d. Apple 2. The directories that were supported by version 1.0 of MS-DOS number ____. a. 0 c. 10 b. 1 d. 100 3. Although MS-DOS is no longer widely used, many Windows operating systems offer a ____ to allow users who are comfortable with this operating system to use some DOS-like commands in a window. a. DOS-compatible operating system named MD-DOS b. version of DOS called WinDOS c. DOS emulator d. shell 4. The portion of DOS that users interact with is ____. a. BIOS c. DOS Kernel b. DOS processor d. COMMAND.COM 5. The DOS kernel is read into memory at initialization time from the ____ file residing in the boot disk. a. MSDOS.SYS c. DOSK.COM b. MSKernel.DOS d. COMMAND.COM 6. The ____ operating system was developed by IBM and Microsoft to replace MS-DOS. a. Windows c. DOS2 b. OS/2 d. Linux 7. The Memory Manager uses a ____ memory allocation scheme. a. best fit first c. first-fit b. next fit first d. last-fit 8. ____ is usually very small in size and contains a program, a section of BIOS, with the sole task of starting up the system. a. REM c. RAM b. Bootstrapping d. ROM 9. The ____ version of MS-DOS began to support dynamic memory allocation. a. 1.0 c. 2.0 b. 1.5 d. 5.5 10. Programs with the ____ extension are given all of the TPA, whether or not they need it. a. BAT c. EXE b. COM d. RUN 11. When a block is formed its first five bytes contain information about the block, the ____ is contained in byte zero if it is the last block. a. ASCII 90h c. number 0 b. ASCII 77h d. number of paragraphs in the block 12. If a block contains four paragraphs and is the first of two blocks, then its code would be ____. a. 7700004h c. 90000000004h b. 7700000004h d. 900000000030h 13. A personal computer has ____ interrupts and interrupt handlers. a. 56 c. 256 b. 128 d. 1024 14. ____ interrupts are generated by certain events occurring during a program's execution, such as division by zero. a. Internal hardware c. Software b. External hardware d. Exception 15. A ____ interrupt handler's function is to terminate a process without releasing its memory, thus providing memory-resident programming facilities. a. Program Status Word c. Pause and Wait b. Terminate and Stay Resident d. Stop and Start 16. BIOS is stored in ____. a. ROM only c. ROM and RAM b. RAM only d. CMOS 17. The name for a device driver that can be incorporated into the operating system as needed without having to patch or change the existing operating system is ____. a. installable c. plug-and-play b. configurable d. hot-loadable 18. In the MS-DOS file management scheme, the symbol ____ follows the drive name. a. ; c. > b. : d. # 19. A file's relative name consists of its ____. a. working directory, primary name, and extension b. parent directory, primary name, and extension c. drive letter, parent directory, primary name, and extension d. primary name and extension 20. There are ____ disk sectors grouped into a cluster. a. two c. eight b. two to eight d. eight to ten 21. Every time the CPU is powered up or is reset, the commands in the ____ file are executed automatically by the system. a. AUTOEXEC.BAT c. INIT.EXE b. INIT.COM d. COMMAND.COM 22. The ____ contains status information about the disk's sectors that are allocated, free, and can't be allocated because of formatting errors. a. Directory Manager c. File Allocation Table b. File System Information Block d. File Status Table 23. ____ is the redirection symbol? a. < c. >> b. > d. & 24. A(n) ____ can cause the standard output from one command to be used as standard input to another command; its symbol is a vertical bar (|). a. output transfer c. filter b. redirect d. pipe 25. The ____ command allows the user to set up a series of files for printing while freeing up COMMAND.COM to accept other commands. a. PRINT c. LPR b. SPOOL d. PRT Chapter 15 Study Guide: Windows Operating Systems TRUE/FALSE 1. The first Windows application was not a true operating system. 2. Windows XP was the last Windows operating system built on the Windows 95 code. 3. In 1999, Microsoft changed the operating system's name from Windows NT to Windows 2000. 4. To ensure the integrity of the Windows operating system code the designers separated operating system functions into a privileged executive process and a set of nonprivileged processes called "protected subsystems." 5. Much of Windows is written in assembly language, a programming language that's standardized and readily available. 6. Windows provides execution environments for applications that are different from its primary programming interface. 7. To give fast response times when dealing with CPU-bound applications, all that is required is fast hardware. 8. The lower half of the virtual address space is accessible only to kernel-mode processes. 9. A replacement policy determines which virtual page must be removed from memory to make room for a new page. 10. Windows is a non-preemptive-multitasking, multithreaded operating system. 11. Multithreading is advantageous when doing database searches because data is retrieved faster when the system has several threads of execution that are searching an array simultaneously, especially if each thread has its own CPU. 12. The I/O Manager allows device drivers and file systems, which it perceives as device drivers, to be loaded dynamically based on the needs of the user. 13. A driver object can only have one device connected to it. 14. In the Windows operating systems, almost all low-level I/O operations are asynchronous. 15. The primary file handling concept in current versions of Windows is the virtual file. 16. The Open Mode attribute for a file indicates whether other callers can open the file for read, write, or delete operations while this caller is using it. 17. At the operating system level, file mapping is typically used for file caching, loading, and running executable programs. 18. The SMB protocol is a high-level specification for formatting messages to be sent across the network and correlates to the application layer (layer 7), and the presentation layer (layer 6) of the OSI model. 19. LDAP is the hierarchical replicated naming service on which the Internet is built. 20. One of the biggest concerns about Windows operating systems in general is the need for aggressive patch management to combat the many viruses and worms that target these systems. 21. Effective distributed security requires an authentication mechanism that allows a server to prove its identity to a client. 22. Kerberos provides authentication, data integrity, and data privacy. 23. A standard utility program called Internet Explorer contains directory and file display tools and a file finding tool. 24. For users who are faster with the keyboard than with a pointing device, Windows provides many keyboard shortcuts. 25. Windows does not provide much support for users who do not speak and read English. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The first widely adopted Windows product, ____, featured a standardized look and feel, similar to the one made popular by Apple's Macintosh computer. a. Win
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MOORE, Okla. — Spotlights bore down on massive piles of shredded cinder block, insulation and metal as crews worked through the night early Tuesday lifting bricks and parts of collapsed walls where a monstrous tornado barreled through the Oklahoma City suburbs, demolishing an elementary school and reducing homes to piles of splintered wood.
At least 51 people were killed, including at least 20 children, and those numbers were expected to climb, officials said.
The storm left scores of blocks in Moore barren and dark. Rescuers walked through neighborhoods where Monday's powerful twister flattened home after home and stripped leaves off of trees to see if they could hear any voices calling out from the rubble.
As Monday turned into Tuesday, the town of Moore, a community of 41,000 people 10 miles south of the city, braced for another harrowing, long day.
"As long as we are here ... we are going to hold out hope that we will find survivors," said Trooper Betsy Randolph, a spokeswoman for the Oklahoma Highway Patrol.
More than 120 people were being treated at hospitals, including about 50 children. Amy Elliott, spokeswoman for the Oklahoma Medical Examiner's Office, said Tuesday that there could be as many as 40 more fatalities from Monday's tornado.

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Posts Tagged 'A Lot 2 Lose'
Kylee in NYC for The Today Show!
Posted April 25, 2008
on:While Kylee was running around in New York City getting ready to be on The Today Show, yours truly was at her side! Check out some of the cool pictures of our trip!
Getting into the limo at Time's Square – now that's service!
Kylee's personalized limo sign – sweet!
Backstage with Dr. Kimberly Williams…
…and Jenna Wolfe!
All in all, it was a pretty cool trip.
It's been a year in the making and the finished product is finally here! Thanks to your votes, Kylee Darcy won Girl Talk's "Reel Girls, Reel Life" PSA contest, and got to film the commercial with the pros. "What You Don't Know" is now playing live nationwide!
We all know that underage drinking is not only illegal but can also lead to serious consequences such as car crashes, health problems, and even death. These are, of course, serious issues that need serious attention. However, the social consequences of underage drinking are often overlooked. What's more is that the vast majority of teens believe that girls have even more to lose than boys when under the influence of alcohol. "What You Don't Know" emphasizes both of these issues.
Two thirds of American teens admit that they – or someone they know – have made regrettable decisions linked to drinking. We've all heard stories about teens doing embarrassing things while under the influence of alcohol. No one wants to get into fights with a friend for no reason, tell a crush about embarrassing secrets, trip and fall or get sick in front of everyone, or forget your curfew. Underage drinking can only lead to trouble – not to mention, it's illegal! When you drink underage you put yourself and your friends at risk for doing all of these stupid things and countless others. Reputations, relationships, and dignity are often compromised or even ruined. Drinking underage is just not worth it!
"Of course underage drinking is illegal and can lead to tragedies like car crashes and deaths, but the negative social consequences are much more prevalent," says Kylee. "I hope my commercial will make teen girls think twice about all of the dangers of underage drinking."
We hope so too, Kylee!
Be in "The Know" – check out Kylee's professional PSA, "What You Don't Know," now!
We also want to send a shout-out to our friends over at AllyKatzz who posted an awesome micro-site of ALot2Lose! The AllyKatzz girls have blogged and commented on the topic of the video and have also created a cool poll. Check it out here!


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In it, but not of it. TPM DC
Herman Cain: Mitt Romney Can't Win Because He's A Mormon (VIDEO)
I know the South and you have to win the South. Mitt Romney didn't win the South when John McCain won the South and Mike Huckabee won the South. And I think that the reason he will have a difficult time winning the South is when he ran the first time he did not do a good job of communicating his religion.
Cain said that thanks to Romney's religion -- plus the "ankle braclet on called RomneyCare" -- Romney just can't win the nomination.
"You don't win South Carolina and Florida and Georgia, you can't win the nomination and then you can't win the presidency," Cain said.
The Romney campaign did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
(H/T ThinkProgress)


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SHELBY (AP) - The skeletal remains of a man on Cleveland County's Most Wanted List since February 2007 have been found, more than two years after he was last seen.
The Shelby Star reports that Larry Dean Mincey's remains were found in a wooded area on Christmas Day by a hunter.
Cleveland County Sheriff's Office spokesman Capt. Bobby Steen says the hunter's dogs also found a wallet and a pill bottle with the bones.
The remains were taken to the medical examiner's office in Charlotte. Steen said exactly how Mincey died won't be known until the results of his autopsy are complete, but no foul play had been suspected.
Mincey, last seen in 2006, was wanted on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon.


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Comic-Con Episode IV: A Fan's Hope - The Magic of Comic-Con
Posted: April 2, 2012
In this exclusive clip from Comic-Con Episode IV: A Fan's Hope, Jamison Newlander from The Lost Boys and Corey Feldman from The Goonies talk about how San Diego Comic-Con provides a escape from every day life--and that's why we keep coming back!
Comic-Con Episode IV: A Fan's Hope opens in theaters on Friday, April 6th. Check the official website for more information!


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Students enjoy learning about, tasting, painting with, sorting, and eating all types of apples. As part of our fruit and vegetable grant, students were given the opportunity to taste several different types of apples and vote for their favorite. Apple activities were seen throughout the school as they learned about apple facts, nutritional benefits and about Johnny Appleseed. View highlights from some of the activities.
Copyright © 2017 Dodge Elementary School


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Ford Chief Mulally Opens $300 Million Factory in China
Bloomberg NewsFord Motor Co.'s Chinese commercial-vehicle making partner opened a $300 million assembly plant, more than doubling its production capacity in the world's biggest auto market.
Jiangling Motors Corp., which counts Ford as its second-biggest shareholder, opened the JMC Xiaolan plant that adds 300,000 vehicles in annual capacity to the existing 245,000 units, Ford said in a statement today. The factory will be used to make both Ford- and JMC-branded vehicles.
Dearborn, Michigan-based Ford is investing $4.9 billion in China to try to catch up with General Motors Co. and Volkswagen AG. While behind GM in China, Ford is growing at a faster pace and the second-biggest U.S. carmaker plans to begin sales of its Lincoln luxury cars in China next year.
"Ford's expansion in China this year exceeded our expectation," said John Zeng, Shanghai-based managing director at LMC Automotive. "Ford holds all the aces in China this year as its new products are well accepted by Chinese buyers."
The company is the fastest growing major foreign automaker in China this year with vehicle sales surging 48 percent in the first five months, spurred by demand for its EcoSport and Kuga sport-utility vehicles.
To further widen its product lineup, Ford said it will bring two new global products through Jiangling Motors. It plans to make a new Ford commercial vehicle and new Ford SUV, Ford said.
Ford and Jiangling Motors also announced plans to build an engine plant with initial annual capacity of 200,000 units.
Jiangling, which began making Transit vans in 1997, sold 94,208 vehicles in the first five months, 7.6 percent more than a year earlier, according to the company.
Ford fell 3.3 percent to $14.82 at the close in New York. The shares have gained 14 percent this year, compared with an 11 percent climb for the Standard & Poor's 500 Index.
— With assistance by Tian Ying


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La Bouganville
Cala Gonone is located on the east coast of the Island of Sardinia. Their landscapes where Cala Gonone is found is characterized by a calcareous mountain chain, covered by a typical Mediterranean maquis. Such awesome natural scenery remained isolated from the inland due to its high rock barriers, which kept it unreachable for many centuries. The total lack of urban settlements or coastal roads make this wild coast one of the most interesting ones from an naturalistic and environmental point of view where you can practice several sports like hiking, diving, snorkeling, canyoning etc., or just lay on the beaches. The apartment is at the ground floor, with 3 bedrooms, bathroom, furnished kitchen and a nice terrace. The apartment is spacious, quiet, furnished situated in front of a grove of pine trees, 600 m from the sea, few minutes from down town, there is a free parking, and use of a washing machine. There are 3 bed-room: 2 with twin beds, and 1 with single bed. Please note that the kitchen, bathroom and terrace are shared between the three rooms. The common spaces must be left cleaned for the other customers. Check In: from 15:00 until 20:00; if you arrive after 20:00 please get in touch with the property. Check out has to be done until 10:00 Please note that this property has a 72 Hours cancellation policy; if you don't cancel 72 hours prior arrival the property will charge you the price of the first night of your stay. The balance has to be paid by cash on your arrival. |
예약 가능 여부 및 가격
- 연령 제한
- 조식 불포함
- 신용 카드가 허용되지 않음
- 무료 주차
- 무료 와이파이
- 온수 샤워
- 키친
- 세탁 설비
- 수하물 보관소
- 통금 시간 없음
- 금연
- 야외 테라스
- 세금 포함
- 타월 포함
취소 정책
이 숙소는 1일 취소 정책이 있습니다. 이 시간 내에 취소하지 않으면 체류 첫날 밤에 부과되는 숙박료와 똑같은 금액의 취소 수수료가 발생합니다.약도지도 보기지도 숨기기
BY CAR: Once you are in Cala Gonone, follow the sign 'Argonauta diving center' and you will find the house- ring the bell Calamita or Mansarda ask at the diving center;
BY BUS: ask to the busdriver if it is possible to stop you in front of the Argonauta diving center and the house is just 10 mt.far; if this is not possible, ask him to get off the bus-stop before or at the info center stop and follow the sign Argonauta diving center and after 50mt ca. you find the house - ring the bell Calamita or ask at the diving center
BY COLLETIVE TAXI: If you like we can provide a Pick up at the Olbia airport and it costs 110 one way; you can share the price with the other passengers if there are: for this service you need to book in advance.


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Moderators: IVhorseman, Pwnerade
Rody wrote:no, it is supposed to shoot at huge things. which are easier to hit.
IVhorseman wrote:you calculated wrong. for 5d6 damage, you've got a UR of 15. which could hit a 10" vehicle for a lucky hero who aims properly.
for UR 20, you're talking 5d10 explosive. EXPLOSIVE. which means AREA OF EFFECT.
pesgores wrote:Yes, it's 5d10, how much area of effect would that cover?
IVhorseman wrote:pesgores wrote:Yes, it's 5d10, how much area of effect would that cover?
2" radius per d10 used. that's 10" radius, or a whopping 20" diameter.
of course, outer edges of the blast are at lower damage. check the rulebook again to see by how much your damage is lowered.
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Below are the YA books coming out this week that I am spotlighting for my "Book Watch: Releasing This Week" post.
These are books for the week of July 12th-July 18th that I have pre-ordered.
Bad Taste in Boys by Carrie Harris will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011 in hardcover and eBook formats. It is available to pre-order online in both formats at Amazon and Barnes & Noble.
Published by Delacorte Books for Young Readers, the print edition is 208 pages.
Bad Taste in Boys is one of the books that can be chosen for the 2011 Debut Author Challenge hosted by Kristi at TheStorySiren.com.
When I first saw this cover a few months ago I thought it was really cool and added it to my pre-orders based solely on the cover. I then heard it was a debut book from some of the blogs I stalked, so I knew I'd definitely be reading it.
I had no idea at the time this book was about zombies. I actually haven't read too many books about zombies and I still need to finish the Carrie Ryan series. But this book sounds like a lot of fun. And as it's just over 200 pages, it sounds like the perfect read to sneak in this week.
I think the idea behind this story – that steroids have had an odd effect on the football team, turning them into zombies – is clever and imaginative. And I really can't wait to see if the main character and her friends and family are able to save the town from the zombie menance.
To read an excerpt from Chapter One, courtesy of Random House, CLICK HERE.
Texas Gothic by Rosemary Clement-Moore will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 1011 in hardcover and eBook formats.
It is currently available online for pre-order at Amazon and Barnes & Noble in both formats.
Published by Delacorte Books for Young Readers, the print edition is 416 pages.
I mentioned this book in my "Extras" post last month and I'm so happy it's finally coming out. This is another book I've had on pre-order for a long while. I fell in love with this cover last winter and couldn't wait for the book's release.
I had the opportunity to meet the author at the RT convention in Los Angeles in April, so I am super excited to finally get my hands on a copy. It's been a long wait.
I read The Splendor Falls before I started blogging and knew I absolutely loved the author's writing style. So adding Texas Gothic to the collection was a no brainer.
Although I probably won't be able to read it this week I can't wait to find out if this story about the odd goings-on at the Goodnight Ranch, which include a ghost stalker and a number of bodies turning up, is just as spellbinding as the other book of the authors that I'd read.
To read a short excerpt courtesy of Random House, CLICK HERE.
Wildcat Firefies in the second book in the Meridian series by Amber Kizer. It will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011 in hardcover and eBook formats.
It is currently available for pre-order online in both formats at Amazon and Barnes & Noble.
Published by Delacorte Books for Young Readers, the print edition is 528 pages.
This sequel is long-awaited. I loved the first book, Meridian, and found the concept of Fenestras so captivating. I've been just dying to find out what happens next for Meridian Sozu.
I know I've had an ARC from a trade for awhile, but as release date was so far off I had to put off reading it and then just never got the chance. Of course, it now releases in just a day and I still haven't had the opportunity.
But I have had this book on pre-order for my Kindle for a long time now and I'm excited to finally be getting the finished copy. I still haven't decided whether to read the ARC or the final version, but either way I like having the option.
In this follow-up to book one, Meridian and Tens begin to search for others like her – a half-human, half-angel who helps souls transition to the hereafter. According to the description they find someone named Juliet who needs their help. There's also a hint that just maybe their relationship is in for some trouble. I really hope it's nothing too serious.
To read an excerpt from the prologue on the book's website, CLICK HERE.
The third book in the series, Speed of Light, is slated for release in the fall of 2012, and the fourth book, Counting Tens, will be releasing in the spring of 2013.
Dragon's Oath, a House of Night novella by authors P.C. Cast and Kristin Cast, will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011 in hardcover, audio and eBook formats.
It is currently available to pre-order online in all formats at Amazon and Barnes & Noble.
Published by St. Martin's Griffin, the print edition is 160 pages.
I've had this on pre-order for a few months. I'm not sure how I became aware of the novella, but it was probably from discovering it on the blogs. I've been a long-time follower of this series, so I decided to add this novella to my collection.
Until I created this post I wasn't even sure just how it tied in with the series. It seems that the authors have decided to create a series of novellas about some of the other characters in the books and Dragon's Oath is about Professor Lankford from before he was a professor at the House of Night.
I'm trying this out because I have been a fan of the series and because I like Professor Lankford, but I'm not sure just how many of these I'll be buying and reading going forward. It probably depends on the characters they choose to highlight. I have enjoyed the main series, but the past couple of books have begun to lose some of their charm for me.
But I am really looking forward to learning more about Dragon Lankford.
Sometimes It Happens by Lauren Barnholdt will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011 in hardcover and eBook formats. It is currently available to pre-order in both formats online at Amazon and Barnes & Noble.
Published by Simon Pulse, a division of Simon & Schuster, the print edition is 320 pages.
I first saw this book on Simon & Schuster's Galley Grab, but I knew that I might not get a chance to read it prior to release so I added it to my pre-orders. Though I probably would have added it regardless, as I've read one or two things by this author and have several of her books on my eReader just waiting to be read.
All I can say is this sounds like one contemporary young adult novel that will make me bite my nails the entire time I'm reading it. From the description, the four characters, Hannah, Ava, Sebastian and Noah, are all hiding something and whatever it is they are keeping secret from one another will all come to light at the start of their senior year in high school.
The Goodreads description is such a tease and it's made me just really want to know who ends up with who at the end of this story.
Forever by Maggie Stiefvater, the final book in the Wolves of Mercy Falls series, will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011 in hardcover, eBook and audio formats. It is currently available to pre-order online in all formats at Amazon and Barnes & Noble.
Published by Scholastic Press, the print edition is 400 pages.
I haven't had Forever on pre-order for too long for my Kindle as it wasn't available in eBook format until fairly recently. But I also have two signed copies on pre-order from the independent bookstore the author partners with, one I've ordered specifically for a giveaway.
I have been a huge fan of this series for so long. And at the time I'm writing this post, I am just about finished reading Forever, thanks to the signed ARC that Britney from I Eat Words sent me from BEA.
I love Sam and Grace's story. And it is definitely more the story and the writing, versus the characters, that I find enchanting about this series. Sam and Grace are two characters who have been very difficult for me to connect with, yet I so completely love their story and this series. I won't continue to gush, as I've already spotlighted Forever in my Book Watch post.
In this final installment in the series the entire wolf pack is in jeopardy of being hunted to extinction. And because a part of the description on Goodreads sums it up so well, I've decided to use that so as not to risk accidentally revealing any spoilers, which I know I'd do if I continue to ramble.
The past, the present, and the future are about to collide in one pure moment – a moment of death or life, farewell or forever. (From Goodreads)
Maggie Stiefvater reads from Forever:
Undercurrent by Tricia Rayburn is the second book in the Siren trilogy. It will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011 in hardcover, eBook and audio formats.
It is currently available to pre-order at Amazon and Barnes & Noble in all formats.
Published by EgmontUSA, the print edition is 352 pages.
Okay, this is another book I pre-ordered solely based on cover love. I have not yet read the first book in the series, but I have had it on my Kindle for quite some time. Definitely before I started blogging.
When they revealed the new covers for this series I was so excited and stalked the eBook release for this second book in the series even though I hadn't even started to read book one. That's how much cover love I had for these new covers.
I have been too afraid to read the Goodreads description in case it will spoil my read for the first book in the series, but I'll link it HERE in case anyone might want to know what happens in this book.
I know this series is about sirens, which I haven't read too many books about, so I am definitely excited to finally get a chance to start reading. There's nothing like cover love and a second book to motivate me to get caught up on this trilogy.
There are a couple posts on the author's blog with teaser excerpts. CLICK HERE to check them out.
When I started writing up this post I thought I didn't have too many books on order releasing this week. I had checked out HarperTeen's "Coming Soon" site and saw nothing releasing that I had on pre-order and only remembered two of the above books.
Yeah, well apparently I have seven books on pre-order for this week. At least according to Amazon. And I won't be surprised if I discover an eighth book downloading at Monday Midnight.
I've read only one of the above books that I'm buying this week, so that's six new books for the pile. Granted, I still haven't read the first book in the Siren series, but I plan to, when I have a spare moment…
I really want to read Wildcat Fireflies this week and Sometimes It Happens, but I'm not too hopeful. Perhaps next week.
But either way, there are some fantastic new releases this week, and I'm excited to be adding them all to my collection.
As always, I would love to hear what you're hoping to add to your collection this week!
And if you have any great suggestions of "must read" books to buy that are releasing this week, please let me know!
Posted in: Book Watch, Coming Soon, Fiction | Tagged with: Amber Kizer, Bad Taste in Boys, Book Watch, Carrie Harris, Dragon's Oath, Forever, Kristin Cast, Lauren Barnholdt, Maggie Stiefvater, P.C. Cast, Rosemary Clement-Moore, Sometimes it Happens, Texas Gothic, Tricia Rayburn, Undercurrent, Wildcat Fireflies, Young Adult
Back with another "Extras" post. As some of you may already know…
Whenever I find either a legal free download, an excerpt or sneak peek of a book online, I try to link to it in a related post or include the link in my sidebar (to your right).
But once a month I'll pop them into a post for a "one-stop shop" with a brief description. You may have previously seen some of these in my sidebar and one or two may still be lingering, well here they are once more in case you missed them. (My sidebar tends to have a LOT of info.)
We have a few peeks at upcoming releases, just released books and some of them are just items that have been offered for free for awhile but you might have missed.
And yes, I know it's not July yet, but it's a monthly post that I do around this time each month in anticipation.
Sirensong by Jenna Black will be released in the U.S. on July 5, 2011.
This is a fun and completely delightful series to read. Sirensong is the third book in the series and it continues Dana Hathaway's adventures and this time she's headed into Faerie.
The author is giving readers a look at Chapter One on her website, HERE
Even if you haven't read the other books in the series the first chapter isn't super spoiler-y.
Original Sin by Lisa Desrochers will be released in the U.S. on July 5, 2011.
This is the second book in the Personal Demons series. This is a book and series not to be missed. I have read both books in the series so I will give nothing away, but these books are definitely smoking hot.
Tor.com is giving registered readers a peek inside, HERE.
Texas Gothic by Rosemary Clement-Moore will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011.
I think this cover and the font and the title are so amazing. I love this author's writing style and I'm dying to read this book.
The main character, Amy Goodnight, comes from a family of witches. She has to spend her summer on the Goodnight Ranch where there are apparently ghosts, a "hot neighbor cowboy" and a bunch of bodies turning up. Definitely not an idea summer vacation.
The publisher, Random House, is offering a short excerpt on their website, HERE.
Forever by Maggie Stiefvater will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011.
It is the third book in the Wolves of Mercy Falls series. There is just something so addictive about this series and so amazing about the author's writing style.
For each of the past two books I was completely entranced by the writing and the story. I suspect there was magic involved.
Maggie Stiefvater reads an excerpt from Forever:
Wildcat Fireflies is the second book in the Meridian series by author Amber Kizer. It will be released in the U.S. on July 12, 2011.
It's been awhile but the sequel is finally coming out! I loved the idea of beings called Fenestras and I was completely hooked when I first read the book. Then I found out it would be ages before the sequel. I think I cried a little bit.
Wildcat Fireflies continues the story as Meridian and Tens search the country for other Fenestras. And there may be trouble in paradise for the two of them. But with less than a month until release the wait is almost over.
And an excerpt is available on the book's website, HERE.
Wildefire by Karsten Knight will be released in the U.S. on July 26, 2011.
Anyone who has ever stopped by the blog knows what a huge fan I am of this book and the author. It is an amazing debut and I don't think you'll find one quite like it.
If you have any doubts just check out the super long look inside the publisher is offering.
Check out Wildefire courtesy of Simon & Schuster, HERE.
Wolfsbane by Andrea Cremer will be released in the U.S. on July 26, 2011.
If you haven't read Nightshade by now, what are you waiting for? Wolfsbane is almost here. And if you haven't yet, it's time to choose sides – Team Ren or Team Shay?
If you're still undecided you should definitely check out the book's website. There is an excerpt for Nightshade there too.
An excerpt from Chapter One of Wolfsbane is available from the book's website, HERE.
And for one more chance to take a peek, here are a few books that are available now.
Illusions by Aprilynne Pike, Divergent by Veronica Roth, Die for Me by Amy Plum, Hereafter by Tara Hudson, Starcrossed by Josephine Angelini, Vampire Kisses 8: Cryptic Cravings by Ellen Schreiber and Something Deadly This Way Comes by Kim Harrison
Discovering this link was like a gold mine. I wish I had discovered it before I read most of the above books. But I own them all now, so I don't need the look inside, but if you haven't read them, be sure to check it out.
The Dark Days of the Supernatural and HarperTeen are offering chapter excerpts for their seven books, HERE.
Summer's Crossing by Julie Kagawa is a free eBook novella in the Iron Fey series. It was released on June 1, 2011 in the U.S.
The Iron Fey series is absolutely charming and delightful. I cannot wait for The Iron Knight to be released and I'm so glad that the author has released another novella in the series to help bridge the gap between her next book's release date.
I haven't yet read it, but I believe Summer's Crossing is told from Puck's point of view. I did grab it before it was a freebie on Amazon, but also managed to snag the free version for my nook. I plan on reading it in the next couple of weeks as I just love the easy flow of the author's writing.
It's actually available for download from three sites – Harlequin, CLICK HERE, Barnes & Noble, CLICK HERE and Amazon, CLICK HERE.
Ten Things We Did (and Probably Shouldn't Have) by Sarah Mlynowski was released on June 7, 2011.
This contemporary novel by author Sarah Mlynowski sounds like it will be a really fun read. I own a copy but haven't yet read it. I'm just hoping it's more sweet than bittersweet. And I haven't checked out the sneak peek, but the publisher is giving readers another long look.
HarperTeen is giving readers a long look inside, HERE.
The Ivy: Secrets by Lauren Kunze and Rina Onur was released on May 31, 2011.
I have been trying to find the time to read the first book in the series so I can read this one immediately afterward. The Ivy sounds like a great series to read, and if you have read the first book but not the second, this sneak peek should give you a good look at what you can expect from this book.
I have not taken a look as I don't want to risk any spoilers for book one.
HarperTeen is giving readers another long look inside, HERE.
The Vampire Diaries: Stefan's Diaries Vol. 3 – The Craving was released in the U.S. on May 3, 2011.
I love L.J. Smith's Vampire Diaries series. I haven't yet read Midnight, but I did buy all of the books in this off-shoot series that ties in with the television show, because I love that too. This is the third book in the Stefan's Diaries series of books so if you haven't had a chance to read the first one, you may want to skip the peek.
However, if you check out HarperTeen's "browse inside" feature, they do offer a number of peeks at various different Vampire Diaries books.
A look inside of The Craving is available from the publisher, HarperCollins, HERE.
Virtue by Amanda Hocking was released on May 27, 2011 in the U.S.
I downloaded the book the moment it was released but have not had a chance to read it. This story is a young adult fairytale and it promises a battle between good and evil.
I love the author's writing and can't wait to read her latest book which includes goblins, demon dogs and sea dragons. Sounds pretty epic to me.
You can check it out on Virtue's blog, HERE.
Shade by Jeri Smith-Ready was released in the U.S. on May 4, 2010.
Shade is the first book in the series and the sequel, Shift, was released in May of this year. Both books are amazing, but Shade is still my favorite of the two. That ending is killer.
It is set in a world where a shift has taken place and those born after the shift have the ability to see shades. But there is an amazing love story, a bit of a love triangle, and a whole lot of heartbreak.
If you haven't had a chance to read this series, check out the long look at the first 99 pages of Shade that Simon & Schuster is offering HERE.
These are all great books and I hope you get a chance to read them. But it's even nicer to get a long look inside before making the commitment. Happy reading!
Posted in: Extras, Fiction | Tagged with: Amanda Hocking, Amber Kizer, Andrea Cremer, Forever, Jenna Black, Jeri Smith-Ready, Julie Kagawa, Karsten Knight, Lauren Kunze, Lisa Desrochers, Maggie Stiefvater, Original Sin, Rina Onur, Rosemary Clement-Moore, Sarah Mlynowski, Shade, Sirensong, Summer's Crossing, Ten Things We Did, Texas Gothic, The Ivy: Secrets, Virtue, Wildcat Fireflies, Wildefire, Wolfsbane


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Stories of American Heroes - Brought to you from the "Home of Heroes" - Pueblo, Colorado |
In Flanders fields the poppies blow We are the Dead, Short days ago Take up our quarrel with the foe: by John McCrae |
FREEDOM IS NOT FREE! More than 40 million American men and women have served our nation to defend freedom. More than One Million of them paid the ultimate price, purchasing our right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" at the loss of their own. It is here that we honor them, and remember what they have given that we might live in peace and prosperity. |
US War Veteran/Casualty Statistics
Medal of Honor Grave Sites By State/Country [AK] [AL] [AR] [AZ] [CA] [CO] [CT] [DE] [FL] [GA] [HI] [IA] [ID] [IL] [IN] [KS] [KY] [LA] [MA] [MD] [ME] [MI] [MN] [MO] [MS] [MT] [NC] [ND] [NE] [NH] [NJ] [NM] [NY] [OH] [OK] [OR] [PA] [RI] [SC] [SD] [TN] [TX] [UT] [VA] [VT] [WA] [WI] [WV] [WY] - [DC] [PUERTO RICO] [ARLINGTON NATIONAL]...[A - F]...[G - O]...[P - Z] |
Medal Of Honor Recipients in Foreign Cemeteries |
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This is the most complete information we can find on the final resting place of these heroes. We welcome the information and assistance of others in locating the burial sites of the more than 500 Medal of Honor recipients for which there is no currently published information. Please feel free to E-MAIL THE WEBMASTER if you have information that can help us complete this data.
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