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The House and Senate will reconvene on Monday, June 2, 2014. Here is what happened in Harrisburg this week:
House Debates Amendment to Post-Production Costs Bill
An amendment to a bill, which would prevent oil and gas companies from deducting post-production costs from their royalty payments, was debated on the House floor this week, but no final action was taken. The amendment, offered by Rep. Brian Ellis (R-Butler) would strip language dealing with post-production costs from H.B. 1684 (Everett, R-Lycoming) and also would prohibit landowners from reviewing the composition of the fees charged by an unaffiliated third party.
In addition to preventing oil and gas companies from deducting post-production costs from their royalty payments, language in the current bill would also require the companies to pay royalties to landowners based on the value of gas at the market instead of at the well head. The bill is on second consideration in the House and it's not clear when debate will resume.
Several bills similar to H.B. 1684 recently passed the Senate. They are S.B. 1236, S.B. 1237 and S.B. 1238. Sen. Gene Yaw (R-Lycoming) is the sponsor of all three Senate bills. They have not yet been referred to a House committee but are likely to be referred to the House Environmental Resources and Energy Committee.
School Mandated Reporter Bill Heads to the Governor's Desk
Legislation to mandate school employees to report suspected child abuse, as recommended by the Child Protection Task Force, is headed to the governor's desk for signature after the House unanimously concurred with the Senate amendments.
H.B. 434 (Maloney, R-Berks) closes a school reporting loophole and applies the same standards for reporting suspected child abuse to school employees as those that exist for other employees of other workplaces. Once it becomes law, the bill will require school employees who suspect another school employee of abusing a student to adhere to the same standard for substantiating abuse, reporting requirements and procedures, and the investigative response as other professionals.
Rx Drug Monitoring Bill Clears the Senate
A bill to enhance Pennsylvania's prescription drug database won the approval of the Senate by a vote of 47-2. S.B. 1180 (Vance, R-Cumberland) would expand the dispensing information collected to include all drugs up to and including Level V controlled substances. The Attorney General's Office will continue to oversee the portion of the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program accessible by law enforcement, and the Department of Health will be given the responsibility to oversee the portion of the program accessible by pharmacists and prescribing practitioners. The bill was amended to strengthen individuals' ability to access their own records, requiring a 30-day response time as opposed to the original bill's provision for a six-month response time.
This bill is part of Governor Corbett's Healthy PA initiative. The objective of expanding the access of the program is to prevent "doctor shopping" by allowing practitioners to access patient dispensing data. It is also designed to help pharmacists identify fraudulent prescriptions before they are dispensed. The bill has not yet been referred to a committee in the House.
Landlord/Tenant Bills Pass House
Two landlord/tenant related bills cleared the House and will be referred to the Senate.
H.B. 1218 (Saylor, R-York) amends the Landlord and Tenant Act by providing for optional early termination of a lease, without penalty, in three situations: (1) the tenant has died; (2) the tenant requires long-term care that cannot be provided where they currently live; or (3) the tenant is a victim of domestic abuse, sexual assault or stalking. As amended, it also adds an article to the Landlord and Tenant Act providing for further protections for victims and for rights and responsibilities of the respective parties in violence or stalking-related situations. H.B. 1218 passed the House by a vote of 201-0 and has not yet been referred to a Senate committee.
H.B. 1714 (Petri, R-Bucks) amends the Landlord and Tenant Act to give landlords the authority to solely determine when tenants have relinquished their property, without judicial determination, as presently required under current law. Prior to removing or disposing abandoned property, the landlord must provide the tenant a written notice of their rights. H.B. 1714 passed the House by a vote of 123-74 and has not yet been referred to a Senate committee.
Discharge Petition on Medicare Expansion Coming in June
This week, Rep. Pamela A. DeLissio (D-Philadelphia) notified House Speaker Sam Smith of her intention to force a vote on a bill to expand Medicaid in Pennsylvania when the House reconvenes in June.
Forcing a vote on H.B. 897 requires the adoption of a discharge resolution. If adopted, House Discharge Resolution 7 would force the bill out of committee and to a full vote in the House chamber.
The Medicaid expansion bill has been in the House Health Committee since March 2013. The Corbett administration has requested a waiver from the federal government to expand Medicaid in Pennsylvania under provisions set forth in the federal Affordable Care Act. However, DeLissio said the state should have access to the federal dollars that would become available through the expansion for three years and that the bill would provide health care coverage to Pennsylvanians who otherwise do not have access to coverage.
Any member may file a discharge resolution on any bill that has been in committee for 15 legislative days. Once it gets 25 signatures, the resolution will go on the House calendar, and any signatory can call up the resolution for a floor vote with one session day's notice.
Painkiller Bill Moves Through Committee
The House Human Services Committee reported as amended H.B. 2203 (DiGirolamo, R-Bucks). The amendment would limit access to the painkiller Zohydro in order to prevent addiction. The bill has had first consideration in the House and has been laid on the table.
The Food and Drug Administration approved Zohydro for use last year, despite an advisory committee of independent experts voting 11-2 against approval because of concerns about addiction. During the committee meeting, DiGirolamo noted that his original intention was to ban the drug in Pennsylvania, but because the courts have ruled that a state cannot ban a substance approved by the FDA, he was offering the amendment to require prescribers to comply with eight outlined conditions as a condition of prescribing Zohydro.
Gaming Study Released – Internet Gaming in PA future?
Joint Legislative Budget and Finance Committee this week received a report on the current condition and viability of the gaming industry. The report was issued as required under S.R. 273 (Scarnati, R-Jefferson) and was performed by Econsult Solutions.
Twelve slots gaming facilities are now operating in the Commonwealth, and all 12 casinos now offer table games. A second Philadelphia casino license is expected to be awarded in this spring, and a decision on an application for a category one license in Lawrence County is also expected in 2014. Finally, there is legislative authorization for a third resort category casino license in 2017.
The report found that despite rapid growth in casino wagering, lottery sales remained stable during the initial years and have increased significantly during the past three years. A slowdown in lottery sales during the initial years following the introduction of faming facilities was attributed to the expansion of the lottery retailer network and Pennsylvania's entry into the multi-state Powerball jackpot game.
The report suggested a strong positive correlation exists between lottery sales and casino revenues. While it would seem unlikely that increased casino revenues would be a factor causing increased lottery sales, the strong positive correlation (.78) would at least suggest that increased casino revenues are not negatively affecting lottery sales to any significant degree.
The report made several suggestions to increase gaming revenues for the state, including the introduction of online gaming or igaming. Econsult Solutions called igaming the largest potential new revenue source and forecasted gaming revenues for this industry would be $180 million in the first year and approximately $300 million after that should Pennsylvania pursue that option.
In a statement issued after the release of the report, Sen. Joe Scarnati said that as "[Pennsylvania] moves forward, authorization of online gambling in the state will be explored."
Godshall honored by National Association of Water Companies
On Tuesday, the Pennsylvania Chapter of the National Association of Water Companies honored Rep. Robert W. Godshall (R-Montgomery), Majority Chair of the House Consumer Affairs Committee, with its James McGirr Kelly Award for Excellence.
The award was presented at a luncheon during the NAWC Annual Meeting in the Commonwealth Keystone Building in Harrisburg. Buchanan's own Kim Pizzingrilli helped present the award. Kim is a former Public Utility Commissioner and was a recipient of the same award in 2010. Other previous recipients include Governors Dick Thornburgh, Bob Casey and Tom Ridge.
The association presents the James McGirr Kelly Award for Excellence each year to a resident of Pennsylvania who most exemplifies dedication to promoting the availability of safe drinking water in the Commonwealth. It is the highest honor bestowed by NAWC.
Godshall has been a strong advocate for utility customers, working with utilities to ensure reliable delivery of services, as well as fair rates and terms for consumers while fostering a business-friendly climate. He sponsored legislation, signed into law last year, which encourages public utilities to update their infrastructure while enabling them to recover their capital investment in a timely manner. Similarly, Godshall championed legislation to phase in electric rate increases when rate caps were lifted about five years ago, and he has supported measures to ensure the safety of natural gas pipelines.
The NAWC represents all aspects of the private water service industry. The Pennsylvania Chapter consists of 10 member companies that provide safe and reliable drinking water service to approximately 3.1 million Pennsylvanians in 485 communities over 39 counties. In addition, four of our member companies work to provide wastewater service to approximately 155,000 Pennsylvanians in 25 communities over eight counties.
Education Tax Credit Celebrates Anniversary
Pennsylvania's Educational Improvement Tax Credit (EITC) is 13 years old this year. The EITC is a tax credit for corporate contributions to Scholarship Organizations (SOs), nonprofits that provide private school scholarships, or Educational Improvement Organizations, nonprofits that support innovative programs in public schools. The EITC was created as part of the school choice movement in 2001.
In 2013, 51,000 Pennsylvania students benefited from EITC scholarship. Since the EITC's inception, over 23,500 business applications have been approved pledging over $657 million to our children of Pennsylvania.
Bipartisan support for the tax credit was evident at a news conference held in the Capitol Rotunda on Wednesday, May 7, which included Senators Mike Folmer (R-Lebanon) and Anthony Williams (D-Philadelphia), as well as Representatives Paul Clymer (R-Bucks), Mike Vereb (R-Montgomery) and Jim Christiana (R-Beaver).
All expressed support for the tax credits success, however Sen. Williams warned supporters that they should not assume the tax credit will survive the budget and called on supporters to continue to advocate for school choice and engaged in the gubernatorial election.
Shale advocates gathered at the Capitol on Tuesday to show their support for the industry during a series of events. In what was called the largest rally in recent memory, thousands of supporters marched from Harrisburg's City Island to the steps of the Capitol building. Supporters could also follow the day's events on Twitter using the hash tag #PAEnergyRally. The event was widely covered in the news media a sampling of which includes the Pittsburgh Tribune Review, Abc27 News, and PennLive.
See more
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
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South Dakota Debating Gambling Pros and Cons
The commission for the State of S
It might seem odd, but they hope to use the study to their benefit with future legislation.
Opponents of gambling say the laws in the state are bad for
Local casino owners agree.
"If the money isn't being utilized that they put aside for problem gaming, I just can't imagine that the problem is that big," sad Sherry LaFleur, owner of Beano and Sherry
If the study goes well, the lottery could push for more video gambling in the state. But if it goes poorly, it could be used against them. that's something people at the casino's hope doesn't happen.
"Anything we can do to keep the revenues coming into the state is a positive thing for us and a positive thing for all of the residents of South Dakota," said Mary Pease of Elk Point.
Though many admit a study may show some negative effects of gambling,others think it's just entertainment and that gambling addicts would go somewhere else if laws restricted their habit.
"They're in control of their own lives nobody is making them go to that casino. I think it can be an addiction, yes, but it can be an outlet. It can be a lot of things to different people," said Robert Motz who spends plenty of time in South Dakota.
The other downside to the study is cost. The lottery commission must now find a way to pay for the $500,000 study, and many think like other studies done in the past, it might not even be used.
"I think it's just another wasted study. You spend all this money on a study and nobody pays attention to the studies usually," La Fleur added.
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On the eve of a possible vote in the U-S House of Representatives on…
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subset: commoncrawl


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Home › Forums › General Forums › General Lightweight Backpacking Discussion › Winter stove ?
Apr 26, 2011 at 9:04 pm #1272917
I have a MSR Whisperlite international, and was wondering how it stacks up to the MSR Simmerlite, as far as melting snow, and all around cooking. I've only had experience with the Whisperlite. Thanks in advance Jack
Apr 26, 2011 at 9:15 pm #1729923The Simmerlite uses white gas only. The Whisperlite Internationale uses white gas, kerosene, or some other liquid fuels. That is not a big deal unless you travel outside the U.S. where white gas is plentiful.
The Whisperlite Internationale is slightly faster at a boil, but not by much, and it is slightly heavier overall. The burner is a slightly quieter assembly than the venerable XGK.
For winter use, I don't think that you will see a lot of difference.
Apr 26, 2011 at 9:37 pm #1729933Thanks Bob, that's what I was wondering, if I can save a few oz using the Simmerlite, and still get the same results, I'll probably buy a Simmerlite and sell my one of my Whisperlite's. Thanks, Jack
Apr 26, 2011 at 9:51 pm #1729940We better speak softly. There are some people around here who don't like liquid fuel stoves. Besides, it builds character to be able to walk around with one eyebrow singed off.
Apr 26, 2011 at 10:15 pm #1729949Gotcha `:) But we both know nothing melts snow faster than white gas, or a big bon- fire.
Apr 26, 2011 at 10:41 pm #1729956Jack, there are people around here who beg to differ.
There are lots of small stoves that can be proven in for small-scale cooking in summer. But when there are multiple mouths to feed, or when there is snow to melt, white gas is almost my only choice. If you add in the factor of fuel cost, then white gas is my only choice.
I haven't taken an inventory lately. At one point in time fifteen or twenty years ago, I owned six MSR stoves. Now I am probably down to only 3 white gas and 2 pocket rockets.
Apr 27, 2011 at 3:33 am #1729996> we both know nothing melts snow faster than white gas,
A typical white gas stove may put out 2.4 kW according to the vendor.
A typical small canister stove can put out >3 kW.Could it be that you are confusing noise with power?
Apr 27, 2011 at 4:12 am #1730003It depends on how many people you go with.
Neither are what I would think of as efficient. The best I could manage was about 1/3oz per liter, about average for the SVEA. Both require what I consider a high flame setting or they go out. (They run about 3,000BTU or so, slightly less than 1/4 the full output. The svea runs about 800btu output, slightly more than an alky stove. Max out put is about 5000BTU.) The best I have managed with them is ~1/4oz (.23oz average for 5 runs) per liter. For 2-3 people, it makes a lot of sense to go with WG. But, that said, the pumping mechanisms tend to be a point of failure.Fuel density of alky and canisters are so close as to call them even after calculating the weight of a plastic bottle and cannister in.
Fuel density for WG (depending on the brand) is around 3/4 more than either using a PET (plastic water bottle) to carry fuel. This assumes you have a self contained WG stove. Neither of the ones you mention, qualify.
Consumption is a BIG BIG variable. Due to the weight of the stoves (empty, the SVEA weighs ~16-17oz…it varies.) For me and being out >5 days for two people, it about breaks even with alky for weight. Canisters go about 6 days, but a lot depends on the type of canister you use. Coleman 8oz weigh close to 16oz for example. MSR 8oz weigh closer to 14oz. Neither of the two you mention will break even till 10-12 days with alky. Melting snow is not really the best use for alky or canisters, but canisters are somewhat better than alky. Usually, you need good output, you don't really care about fuel weights in winter. The Simmerlite really puts out some heat of you have a good wide bottomed pan to use it.
A TALL cone can be used, instead of the pot stand. Just insure you move the pan about 1/2-3/4" above the pot stand if you decide to try this. WELL worth it in IMHO. But, this can be dangerous with canisters, overheating and all that. It works well with a Simmerlite & kin, though. Even the SVEA gets to hot after a liter.
Apr 27, 2011 at 12:47 pm #1730169"For 2-3 people, it makes a lot of sense to go with WG."
For summer trips, I used to take one white gas stove for each six people. On one summer trip, the other guy's stove failed, so I ended up doing all of the cooking for twelve people with a single stove. For winter trips, I took one white gas stove for each four people.
"But, that said, the pumping mechanisms tend to be a point of failure."
That's interesting. I've used MSR pump stoves for over thirty years without a pump mechanism failing. Maybe you are doing something wrong.
One time the other guy brought a Svea 123 with the mini-pump. When it was time to light it, he primed it with just a drop or two of fuel, pumped a few strokes, and then lit the match. The stove sputtered and went out. Then he primed it again with several more drops of fuel, pumped it more strokes, and then lit the match. The stove sputtered out again. Then he primed it with several spoons full of fuel, pumped it up to the maximum, and then lit the match. Yes, it lit. Then there was so much fire and pressure that it blew the safety valve inside the mini-pump cap, so there was a flamethrower shooting out at a 45 degree angle. That was quite exciting. I decided to stick to MSR stoves after that.
Apr 27, 2011 at 1:24 pm #1730182You know, I thought more about this. I guessed that there is some major difference as to why some people like white gas stoves and others hate them. Perhaps it is fuel cost.
Back in the old days 25-30 years ago, I used to buy white gas for $3 per gallon. Now, of course with oil prices going up the way they are, white gas goes for about $9 per gallon. I was in a mom and pop camping store the other day, and they charged $13 per gallon for white gas.
From the "green" standpoint, I think it is more ecologically sound to purchase white gas in a gallon container than it is to purchase butane blend in a small non-refillable container. Some alcohols are better yet.
Apr 27, 2011 at 2:59 pm #1730210The pumps on two have failed for me. An older Coleman Peak (repaired and given away many moons ago,) and the old first generation Whisperlite bought as a replacement for the SVEA. The "guts" blew out the back end when my finger slipped off the plunger. The old Coleman WWII stove worked for a while but was really getting rusty, I threw it in the trash rather than risk anyone getting hurt using it. This had an old leather washer in it. Anyway, one of the reasons I went back, besides the shere fuel usage…no one could claim the Whisperlite was all that efficient.
The old SVEA 123 had that problem due to the lack of cleaning at the fuel jet. The 123R, did not. A crank to the clean position always let it start easily. The Midi pump was only for starting it really, 'cept in 20 degree weather or colder. Just turn it on till fuel dribbles down the outside of the stem, then turn it off and fire it up.
Yeah, I have had it overheat inside of a cone like that. Also, when I ran out of fuel and added some acetone to stretch what I had. It boiled a liter and started to vent out the safety.
Apr 27, 2011 at 10:54 pm #1730371One problem was seen a lot on MSR pumps of a certain mid-vintage. The oldest MSR pumps had a one-piece plastic retainer cap that held the plunger in place. Then MSR got cute and went to a two-piece plastic retainer cap. The intention was that you could split the two pieces apart and remove the retainer from the plunger stick. Well, what did that achieve? Some buyers got the thing and did not study how all of that was assembled. The two-piece retainer got twisted and it pulled out, allowing the two pieces to fall apart. Or rather one piece fell off the plunger and left one half there. Since the pieces were black plastic, they were easily lost. So, MSR's little improvement became a weak point for the stove operators who were not familiar with its assembly. Fortunately for me, I saw that problem on another person's stove before I purchased the same vintage for myself. Some of us were known to spread a few drops of airplane glue on there to keep the two pieces together and keep it perfect. I've heard that they went to a different retainer design for the newest vintage pumps.
Yes, each of those stoves had its own personality, and you really had to understand your own stove to know how to keep it running perfectly. But stovies are into that.
Wow! You want to talk about multipurpose gear. A good liquid fuel stove can also thaw out your frozen water pipes in the winter. I actually had to do that one time on a ski hut trip.
Apr 28, 2011 at 12:45 am #1730388Over the years (decades) I have found the MSR stoves and the Svea 123 (not r) all to be very reliable. Never had a problem with any of them, and like Bob have an assortment in the garage. As my first stove the Svea has its own special charm and the brass is just plain cool looking. But for snow, the MSRs do a much better job, hands down. No comparison.
At a much higher weight penalty the DragonFly is more efficient and boils water quicker than the other two MSR stoves mentioned. Plus it is more stable and easier to use larger pots for snow. For more than 1 person when melting a lot of snow, it might be the one to consider. Plus it is much easier to use if you want to actually cook and simmer stuff. But is does sound like a jet engine.
The MSR WindPro is basically a canister SimmerLite. In its normal set-up with an upright canister it is a little more efficient than the DragonFly, but takes longer to boil water. Not a winter stove, unless you invert the canister — which is not recommended by MSR (probably for legal reasons). It is not that easy to invert it, because of the braided fuel line. Some people have disassembled and reset the fitting so it can easily invert the canister. I am not that comfortable with doing that. Supposedly it will function as a good winter stove with the canister inverted. Roger was written a few articles about it. This past winter I used the SimmerLite as my snow melter. At 10,000 feet in sub freezing temperature it did not "seem" to have the output of my other MSR stoves. Nothing scientific here, but it did seem to take a lot longer than the other stoves I have used. Next winter I will probably go back to WG.
Regarding the other 3 seasons, canister, alcohol, or esbit are my preferred stoves. Mostly a Caldera Cone with esbit nowadays. But I never have to cook for more than one person, and I really just boil water, not cook.
Apr 28, 2011 at 1:26 pm #1730594"But is does sound like a jet engine."
Yes. Isn't it great?
Apr 28, 2011 at 1:49 pm #1730600Yes, the noise just makes your feel warmer!!
Apr 28, 2011 at 2:07 pm #1730608An option is the Borde Kocher, unfortunately named Borde Bomb, here in the Us.
You would need to bring a pot support and something for the stove to stand on, because it heats up and would melt the snow it is sitting on.
It has been a favorite for alpine winter cooking for a very long time.Apr 28, 2011 at 10:23 pm #1730773… I'm finding my Caldera Cone Sidewinder with the woodburning Inferno inner is good for winter. Wood is easy to find and it only uses two large handsfull of twigs for a 20 minute fire.
All I had to do was add a 1/8" thick plywood piece (sealed with Thompson's Water Seal) under the Ti bottom sheet to keep it from melting down into my stomped out snow "kitchen".
Ah yes, what if you're stormbound? Well, in that case I carry ESBIT or FireLite fuel tabs and the Gram Cracker fuel tab holder. I can cook in my (downwind vented) vestibule with fuel tabs. Works for me.
BTW, For truly outrageous cold and windy weather I still take my heavy MSR Dragonfly multi-fuel stove. Utterly reliable and it simmers low enough to bake with and to conserve fuel. It simmers even lower that a Simmerlite.
Nick, Hee, hee, an Old Timer like me will be buried with his MSR Dragonfly. I'll never give that up.
Apr 28, 2011 at 10:27 pm #1730776Eric,
You scared me for a second there! No way would you give up that multi-fuel stove :)
Apr 28, 2011 at 10:35 pm #1730781I forgot that Eric has a different perspective of what is winter.
When I used my Titanium Caldera in deep snow country, all I could find was a bunch of damp pine needles and twigs, so the stove was very smoky. I guess that is better than nothing.
Apr 28, 2011 at 10:42 pm #1730784One of these days I'll likely be in the same predicament as Bob – not being able to find dry wood for my CC Inferno. I dread that situation. So far I've been fortunate here in the Spring Mountains where there is a lot of dry, dead branches still on the Ponderosa and Jeffery pines above 7,000 ft. Too bad there's no dead hardwood branches. That stuff, like oak and maple, burns longer.
I'll hope that ESBIT will do it if I can't find dry wood. If not it will be cold food or energy bars. Been there too when I can't cook B/C I'm hunting.
Apr 29, 2011 at 4:16 am #1730819> not being able to find dry wood for my CC Inferno. I dread that situation.
Yeah – happens sometimes…
Below Moiry Glacier – with a nice remote canister stove…Cheers
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GENEVA – "Women and girls who are forced to marry find themselves in servile marriages for the rest of their lives," warned United Nations Special Rapporteur on Contemporary forms of Slavery, Gulnara Shahinian, on the International Day for the Abolition of Slavery. "They are deprived of their genuine right to make their own choice for their future."
"As if this is not bad enough these women and girls experience, sometimes daily, other human rights violations such as domestic servitude and sexual slavery, and suffer from violations to their right to health, education, non-discrimination and freedom from physical, psychological and sexual violence," Ms. Shahinian stressed, quoting her 2012 report* to the UN General Assembly on servile marriages.
Non-consensual marriages, sale of wives and wife inheritance are forms of servile marriages which reduce a spouse to a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised. The 1956 UN Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery clearly defines them as slavery practices, and international law has further reiterated and reinforced the provisions within the Convention that prohibit forced marriages in adults and children.
"Nothing can justify these forms of slavery; not traditional, religious, cultural, economic or even security considerations," the human rights expert underscored, noting that, over the years, the idea that forced marriages are forms of slavery and, therefore, servile marriages has been lost, while non-consensual marriages, sale of wives and wife inheritance still occur.
For the UN Special Rapporteur, reaffirming forced marriages as slavery-like practices "moves the discussion from being just about the rights of women and girls to also being about abolishing slavery within communities." In her view, it provides an understanding of the violations that victims endure and the kind of interventions required to prevent, monitor and prosecute servile marriage, and helps tailor victim protection programmes to specifically support victims of servile marriages.
"As with all forms of slavery, in order to tackle this problem head on, servile marriages should be criminalized," Ms. Shahinian said. "However, it is important to note that an approach which only focuses on criminalization cannot succeed in effectively combating servile marriages."
Such legislation, the rights expert stressed, should go hand in hand with community programmes to help detect, provide advice, rehabilitation, education and shelter where necessary. Programmes and policies should also ensure the equal access to education for girls reinforced by mandatory measures to ensure that girls go to school. Public awareness raising campaigns should be implemented to highlight the nature and harm caused by forced and early marriages.
"Women and girls should not be forced to marry. Women and girls should not be forced to spend their life time in slavery. Nothing can justify that," Ms. Shahinian said.
(*) Gulnara Shahinian was appointed as the first Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, its causes and consequences in May 2008. She is a lawyer with extensive experience as an expert consultant for various UN, EU, Council of Europe, OSCE and government bodies on children's rights, gender, migration and trafficking. Ms Shahinian is also a former trustee of the UN Voluntary Trust Fund on Contemporary forms of Slavery. Learn more...
The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/slavetrade.htm
Additional links:
For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts: Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / [email protected])
The Brussels based United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe - UNRIC provides information on UN activities to the countries of the region. It also provides liaison with institutions of the European Union in the field of information. Its outreach activities extend to all segments of society and joint campaigns, projects and events are organized with partners including the EU, governments, the media, NGOs, schools and local authorities.
United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (UNRIC Brussels)
Residence Palace, Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 155, Block C2,7th and 8th floor, Brussels 1040, Belgium
Tel.: +32 2 788 8484 / Fax: 32 2 788 8485


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CORRECTION: In an earlier version of this story, Valerie Escalante's name was misspelled. The version below has been updated to reflect the correction.
Whatâs 2 percent of $17 million? Nothing as far as RealPro Inc. is concerned.
The Inland broker, doing business as Landpro Network Realty, argued it was entitled to a commission fee on a high-priced land deal even though the deal didnât close.
Ladies and gents, for just a small fee you can find out what mystery lurks behind this side-show curtain. But first, the fee.
RealPro told Riverside County Superior Court that because it brought forward a buyer willing to pay $17 million for 46.8 acres of land near Temecula, in 2005, from Smith Residual Company LLC and J&A Gonzales LLC, it deserved half of the 4percent commission.
Nevermind the sellers werenât interested in the offer and countered with a price of $19.5 million. And the land wasnât sold, at least not then.
RealPro argued, unsuccessfully, that the wording in the listing â" primarily the particularly legally nefarious conjunction âorâ gave it the right to $340,000 whether the land was bought by the buyer it represented or not.
The listing said the price was â$17,000,000 cash or such other price and terms acceptable to [Sellers] â¦â
Because RealPro found a buyer offering $17 million cash, it argued that the rest of the clause didnât matter, and no other terms (including a reasonable requirement for the deal to close) should apply since it was contained behind an âor.â
Riverside County Superior Court didnât agree, ruling in favor of the land sellers. The California Court of Appeals agreed, according to a Feb. 28 ruling.
Reid & Hellyer attorneys James Manning, Steve Lee and Jenna Acuff represented the land sellers.
The land eventually sold for $19 million, Lee said.
Case information: RealPro Inc. v. Smith Residual Company LLC et al., E052369 (appeal), RIC540649 (trial)
Before you sue, know who you should sue. At least thatâs the lesson gleaned from a recent case successfully defended by Best Best & Krieger attorney Piero Dallarda.


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LANREOTIDE (lan REE oh tide) is used to reduce blood levels of growth hormone in patients with a condition called acromegaly. It also works to slow or stop tumor growth in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET).
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
gallbladder disease
heart disease
kidney disease
liver disease
an unusual or allergic reaction to lanreotide, other medicines, latex, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
This medicine is for injection under the skin. It is given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting.
Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.
It is important not to miss your dose. Call your doctor or health care professional if you are unable to keep an appointment.
medicines for diabetes, including insulin
medicines for heart disease or hypertension
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.
Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. Your condition will be monitored carefully while you are receiving this medicine.
This medicine may cause increases or decreases in blood sugar. Signs of high blood sugar include frequent urination, unusual thirst, flushed or dry skin, difficulty breathing, drowsiness, stomach ache, nausea, vomiting or dry mouth. Signs of low blood sugar include chills, cool, pale skin or cold sweats, drowsiness, extreme hunger, fast heartbeat, headache, nausea, nervousness or anxiety, shakiness, trembling, unsteadiness, tiredness, or weakness. Contact your doctor or health care professional right away if you experience any of these symptoms.
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
changes in blood sugar
changes in heart rate
severe stomach pain
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
diarrhea or constipation
gas or stomach pain
nausea, vomiting
pain, redness, swelling and irritation at site where injected
This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
This drug is given in a hospital or clinic and will not be stored at home.


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Movietone (band)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Movietone is an English post-rock band. They formed in Bristol, England in 1994. Core members are Kate Wright and Rachel Brook (now Rachel Coe). Brook was also a member of Flying Saucer Attack during the first few years of the band's existence, and Wright is also currently the bass player for Crescent. Other musicians have included Matt and Sam Jones (both of Crescent), Matt Elliott (The Third Eye Foundation), Chris Cole, Florence Lovegrove, Ros Walford and Clare Ring.
2003's The Sand and The Stars was partly recorded live on a bay near Land's End.[1]
- Movietone, Planet Records, 1995 (Re-issued on Geographic, 2003)
- Day and Night, Drag City and Domino Records, 1997
- The Blossom Filled Streets, Drag City and Domino Records, 2000
- The Sand and The Stars, Drag City and Domino Records, 2003
Singles (All 7" vinyl only)[edit]
- "She Smiled Mandarine Like" / "Orange Zero" (Planet Records, 1994)
- "Mono Valley" / "Under the 3000 Foot Red Ceiling" (Planet Records, 1995)
- "Useless Landscape" / "Summer" (Planet Records, 1997)
- "Sun Drawing" / "Marine Oceano" (Domino Records, 1997)
- ^ "The Sand and the Stars" 23 June 2015
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Movietone (band). |


text:
Need help searching for information.. SEO related?
What I'm after....
Is a site that you paste a URL and tell it search terms and it does searches at the top 5 or 10 search engines then tells you the ranking of your site with those search terms at those 5 or 10 search engines. (I want to find out the google, ask, yahoo etc ranking of one of my instructables, depending on the search terms used)
This service MUST exist, I just can't find it :( If it doesn't exist, I'll bloody well write my own site to do it as I can't be the only one that wants to do this :p
Another way, use a tool like biterscripting to grab search results from various sites and filter them.
Use these commands to see what URLs various sites provide for the keywords - help wanted salaried software IT california.
echo "GOOGLE RESULTS"
scr SS_URLs.txt URL("http://www.google.com/search?q=help wanted+salaried+software+IT+california")
echo "YAHOO RESULTS"
script SS_URLs.txt URL("http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=help wanted+salaried+software+IT+california")
# etc.
These commands are in biterscripting. Download it from http://www.biterscripting.com if this helps.


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Beloit, WI - David Holman did about all he could to try and snap the LumberKings recent skid. The right-hander turned in the first complete game of his young career, but shaky defense sent Clinton to a 6-5 loss.
With a 5-3 lead in the bottom of the sixth inning, Beloit's John Wooten stepped to the plate with two outs and sent a fly ball out to left-center. Clinton's Janelfry Zorrilla camped under the ball, but couldn't make the catch. Two runs scored on the three-base error and the game was tied 5-5. The next batter, Renato Nunez laced a run-scoring single to right to give Beloit a 6-5 lead they wouldn't relinquish.
Holman's eight innings was a new career-high for the Kansas native who joined the rotation at the beginning of August. He matched a career-high six strikeouts and only two of the six runs he allowed were earned. Two Clinton errors contributed to three Beloit runs in the first inning.
Trailing 3-0 heading to the fourth inning, the LumberKings rallied for four runs off Beloit starter Dylan Covey.
With the bases loaded, Zach Shank was hit by a pitch, forcing in the first run. The next batter, Brock Hebert, reached on a fielder's choice and an error by Matt Olson allowed another run to score. Alfredo Morales walked to bring in another run to tie the game at 3-3. With two outs, Dario Pizzano's slow roller allowed Hebert to score and make 4-3.
It stayed that way until the costly error in the sixth. Tyler Marlette started the ninth inning with a walk but Clinton was turned away by Vincent Voiro who locked down the win.
The LumberKings are two games up on Wisconsin for the final playoff spot in the Western Division. Seven games remain for both teams.
Clinton will try and avoid the four-game sweep Tuesday night. The LumberKings send right-hander Charles Kaalekahi (5-4, 4.52) against Beloit right-hander Andres Avila (6-4, 5.38). First pitch is scheduled for 7:00 PM CT.
Today on MiLB.com
Top Stories on MiLB.com
- Dodgers' Bellinger hits second spring homer
- Yankees Prospect Primer: Eyes on Torres
- Phillies Prospect Primer: Lots on doorstep
- A's Prospect Primer: Barreto on the cusp
- Swanson perfect at the plate in Braves' rout
- Meadows, Happ, Kelly head back to Minors
- Mets Prospect Primer: Rosario rising fast
- Brewers Prospect Primer: Brinson bides time


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The conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians has been one of the longest conflicts world wide since the inception of the Earth itself. It has involved many countries indirectly and has led to loss of many lives. United States of America has seek all avenues to resolve the conflict to no avail. They have deployed manpower to help Israel in managing these conflict that has brought more havoc to citizens of the two countries.
Conflict between Israel and Palestine dates back to mid 20th century. The conflict has extended widely and formed the core part of the wider Arab – Israel conflict. Palestinians have in a long time cried foul and that's why they have won the mercies of many Arab countries who have come up in large numbers to support Palestinians. The conflict has been widely referred to as the most intractable conflict having spread widely to involve many other countries supporting their friend nations.
Despite a long term and extensive peace process that has involve many diplomats in the peace treaties, the conflict has never been resolved due to hard lines maintained by the two conflicting countries. The peace agreement is far from being realized as the causing factors have never been agreed upon. There are many issues that Israel and Palestine have never agreed upon, they include; disputed borders, access to water rights, control of Jerusalem and its territories, Palestinian freedom of movement and other causal factors that have never been agreed upon during peace treaty signing.
The Israeli – Palestinian conflict has been triggered by cultural and religious interests worldwide. It has been the subject of numerous international conferences and diplomatic envoys dealing with historic rights and abuses. For instance Israel has been blaming Palestinians for always staging attacks during the holy Jewish festival of Purim where they commemorate deliverance of Persian Jews from massacre. This festival is respected by all Jews but Palestinians take advantage of it by attacking Israelites hence blocking deliverance of Purim Mishloach Manot to Israel to be used in the festival. These has brought a lot of bitterness among Israelites explaining why the conflict has continued year in year out. The conflict has greatly hamper tourism in the region and general access to the hotly contested area.
Societal attitudes has been a great stumbling block in dispute resolution among Israel and Palestine. Both warring groups have maintained their clear stands in the resolution. Palestinians want freedom of movement along the Gaza strip whereas Israel wants Palestinians to quit Gaza. These historic sites and preserve of culture has greatly hinder conflict between Israel and Palestine. You can read more about it on PurimLand.com


text: The "Beast" gets new license plates(CNN) – In a sign of solidarity, President Barack Obama will begin using the standard license plate for the District of Columbia, which famously states "Taxation Without Representation," on presidential vehicles, a White House official confirmed Tuesday. The move comes after the city council for Washington, D.C. petitioned the president last week through a resolution, demanding that Obama use the license plates as millions watch his presidential motorcade drive down Pennsylvania Avenue for his inauguration on Monday. "President Obama has lived in the District now for four years, and has seen first-hand how patently unfair it is for working families in D.C. to work hard, raise children and pay taxes, without having a vote in Congress," the White House official said in a statement. For the full story, click here. |


text:
Published Wednesday November 28, 2012 at 11:00 pm
Updated Wednesday November 28, 2012 at 11:32 pm
A New Hampshire couple suspected of abusing the woman's 3-year-old son have been arrested while leaving a parade at a theme park in Orlando, Fla., after two weeks on the run, authorities say.
Jessica Linscott and her boyfriend, Roland Dow, were taken into custody Wednesday evening at Universal Studios, where they had been watching a parade, U.S. marshals said.
Linscott, 23, and Dow, 27, were wanted in connection with injuries to Linscott's son, including burns and significant head injuries.
Police had received a call two weeks ago from Exeter Hospital, in Exeter, N.H., where the boy was being treated. The boy later was taken to Children's Hospital at Dartmouth in Lebanon, N.H., where he was recovering after surgery.
Tips helped to track down the couple, Rockingham County Attorney Jim Reams said.
"We were feeling pretty confident 24 hours ago that we were going to have them soon," Reams said Wednesday.
Law enforcement officials spent "countless hours" trying to find Linscott and Dow, who are from Plaistow, N.H., a town of about 8,000 residents in Rockingham County, marshals said.
Marshals looked for the couple all day Wednesday and at the end of the day found them while a crowd was breaking up after a parade and they were headed back to the theme park's attractions area, said David Charles, deputy criminal investigator for the U.S. Marshals Service in Orlando.
"They were totally surprised," he said. "They had no clue."
U.S. Marshal David L. Cargill Jr., who thanked the public for providing tips during the search for the couple, said he found it "very sad" that they were found in an area "designed to bring joy and happiness to children."
Linscott is accused of failing to get medical attention for her son when he was suffering seizures from a head injury and of failing to protect him from harm. She's charged with multiple counts of child endangerment.
Dow is charged with assault.
Linscott and Dow were jailed on Wednesday and could not be reached for comment by telephone. They were scheduled to be arraigned in Florida on Thursday on fugitive from justice charges.


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Anyone doing the August 24th Vietnam Highlights ?
1 Aug 2014 Jade michelle asked
I am doing this tour solo and I am arriving a night before the tour starts :)
- 0 people like this
- Answer this question 0 answers so far
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text:
Religious Summit Focuses on Incarcerated Women
The NAACP began its three-day National Religious Leaders Summit yesterday with an emphasis on incarcerated women, encouraging the faith community to take a leadership role on matters of social justice.
The summit, themed "The Faith Community, The Trumpet of Conscience, began Monday in Atlanta, Ga., with a brief detailing the social justice, education, economic and health issues that plague these women before and after incarceration.
The brief examined factors contributing to the enormous growth of African-American women within the criminal justice system. According to the brief, more than one million women are under the supervision of the U.S. criminal justice system. From 1991 to 2007, the number of incarcerated mothers increased by 122 percent.
NAACP officials say the growing numbers of incarcerated women will have a devastating impact on American families.
"The vast majority of homes are anchored by women and increases in incarceration equates to a decline in family stability," stated Benjamin Todd Jealous, president and CEO of NAACP.
The information found in the NAACP's report mirrors the statistics of Volunteers of America's recent report entitled "Childhood Disrupted: Understanding the Features and Effects of Maternal Incarceration." The report released last week by the faith-based group revealed that 150,000 American children have mothers who are in federal and state prisons.
According to the Volunteer of America's research, incarcerated mothers also battle issues such as poverty, homelessness and drug addiction. Of mothers entering prison, 91 percent admitted to substance abuse problems. Also, most of imprisoned mothers expressed concern for their ability to support their children upon their release.
In the end, Jealous said, newly released mothers are likely to struggle with employment, housing and re-entry into their communities. The Volunteers of America report showed that 81 percent of children of incarcerated mothers are likely to live disjointed lives separated from their mothers.
"It's crucial that children whose mothers are incarcerated have the same opportunities to build the academic, social and emotional skills needed for a successful adulthood," expressed Mike King, Volunteers of America's national president, in a statement.
Jealous, meanwhile, encouraged the church to step up to help incarcerated women and their families.
"Given the role that churches and other houses of faith, have historically played in providing communities with spiritual, financial and social supports, they are a key partner in our ability to ensure formerly incarcerated individuals have an opportunity to get back on the path towards lifelong success following a temporary setback," he urged.
The National Religious Leaders Summit is an interfaith conference hosted by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the nation's oldest and largest civil rights organization.
The summit continues Tuesday with sessions on climate justice and health advocacy. The conference closes on Wednesday with legislative planning sessions and an interfaith fellowship.


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Bring the fabulous flavors of India to your dinner table with this spicy vegetable and bean one dish - ready in just 20 minutes! MORE + LESS -
Don't worry, the amount of curry makes this vegetarian dish perfectly mild. If you love Indian flavors, increase the curry or turn up the heat with another jalapeño. A dollop of chutney on the side adds even more Indian flair.
© 2017 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


text:
Treatwell: Beauty Salon Booking & Appointment App
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Book treatments well in advance as there are only 4 treatment rooms and spaces fill up quickly. The food was alright, the spa was not as clean as it could be and the jacuzzi wasn't working (this can't be helped but it impacted on my experience). We turned up at the check in time we were given and our room was not ready. The hotel, staff and ambiance were the redeeming factors. The hotel rooms and lounge were lovely, the staff were really nice if a bit slow (it took20 mins after my second time asking, to get a pot of coffee in the morning with breakfast). The gardens were beautiful and lovely to walk through. drinks were quite expensive there. £10 for a tiny cocktail! All in all a so-so experience. some things were very good some not so good.
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text:
Watch Featured Tv Shows
Tombstone Territory: Tough sheriff Clay Hollister keeps the law in Tombstone, Arizona--The Town Too Tough to Die--with the support of his faithful deputies and the editor of the local newspaper. |
Released: | October 16, 1957 | |
Runtime: | 30 mins | |
Genres: | Western | |
Countries: | USA | |
Director: | Felix E Feist | |
Actors: | Pat Conway Richard Eastham | |
Tombstone Territory (1957)
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Watch movies online at Primewire. |
Latest Comments
danr6 : They are repeating themselves They did the same thing in voyager with the velco thing only it was Janeway's rela
Lemongrab26 : fun 80s gem
Batman88 : Why does it keep telling me i need to creat a membership if I already have a primewire account????
danr6 : tried watching the openload.com (version 0) This is a cinerip verson not a DVD note the difference uploader!!!! The came
danr6 : @arcadealchemist, The voice sounds like the same one who did The A Team from the original tv program If you can find the
arcadealchemist : I only know of this movie cos of the WUBS in this track. Fucking banger of a track using the trailer of the movie. the


text:
May 27, 2005 -- Thawte, Inc., one of the most established Certification Authorities (CAs) worldwide, trusted since 1995, has announced a partnership with SWsoft at the ISPCon Spring Event in Baltimore, USA this week. SWsoft is the recognized leader in server automation and virtualization software for service providers and enterprises globally. They are renowned for delivering proven performance, reliability, manageability and value.
Ilse Baxter, Director of Business Development at Thawte, Inc., announces "We are extremely pleased that SWsoft has partnered with Thawte through our leading edge Reseller Program. SWsoft has more than 10,000 customers in over 100 countries, and we will be working closely with them to add Thawte's extensive product line to their already large product offering. One of the key reasons for SWsoft choosing Thawte as a CA is due to our Thawte in-a-box rapid integration tool. This is a Flash based tool developed by highly skilled Thawte engineers and is specifically focused on the enrollment processes when Partners' customers are purchasing and renewing products. It can easily be integrated into a Partner's website within minutes as opposed to weeks. SWsoft can now extend Thawte's services to their reseller network via this rapid integration tool and there is no limit to the number of resellers that SWsoft can have." See www.thawte.com/isp for more details.
About Thawte, Inc.
Thawte is an established, trusted Certification Authority - a company that facilitates message encryption by managing security credentials and public keys. Thawte does this by issuing digital certificates to third parties once independent proof of their identity has been obtained. Thawte supports 28 different languages and its customer base covers 172 different countries across the globe. For more details, please visit www.thawte.com .
About SWsoft
SWsoft is the recognized leader in automation and server virtualization software for hosting service companies, communications providers, and enterprises. With more than 10,000 customers in over 100 countries, SWsoft's suite of products delivers proven performance, reliability, manageability and value. Headquartered in Herndon, VA, with offices around the world; SWsoft is a privately held, high growth company, offering comprehensive solutions including: Virtuozzo, Plesk, PEM, HSPcomplete and SiteBuilder. For more information about SWsoft, visit www.sw-soft.com .


text:
GHG Concentrations - outlook from MNP
Key messages
Under the IPCC scenarios the overall concentration of the six Kyoto gasses is projected to increase up to 638-1360 ppm CO2-equivalent by 2100, whereas the concentration of all GHGs may increase up to 608-1535 ppm CO2-equivalent. The global atmospheric GHG concentration of 450 ppm CO2-equivalent may be exceeded between 2015 and 2030.
What is the trend in greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere?
Global concentration change 2000-2100
Note: N/A
EEA European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change: National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) + Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 2003-2004. Dataset: PRIMES model (LREM project) + FAIR/IMAGE models.
The IPCC (2001, 2007a) showed various projected future greenhouse gas concentrations for the 21st century, varying due to a range of scenarios of socio-economic, technological and demographic developments (see Table 1). These scenarios assume no implementation of specific climate-driven policy measures. Under these scenarios, the overall concentration of the six Kyoto gasses is projected to increase up to 638-1360 ppm CO2-equivalent by 2100, whereas the concentration of all GHGs (incl. aerosols) may increase up to 608-1535 ppm CO2-equivalent by 2100.
The IPCC projections show that a global atmospheric GHG concentration of 450 ppm may exceeded between 2010-2015 (in case of Kyoto gasses only) or between 2020-2030 (all GHGs). A level of 550 ppm CO2-equivalent may become exceeded a decade later (Figure: on the figure are presented only baseline scenario and low emissions scenario). Substantial global emission reductions are therefore needed to remain below these targets or return back to these levels after an overshoot.
Table: Projected changes in atmospheric GHG concentration (considering either Kyoto gasses only or all GHGs)
Kyoto only | 2020 | 489 | 478 | 484 | 484 | 475 | 470 |
| 2050 | 645 | 613 | 707 | 653 | 571 | 575 |
| 2100 | 877 | 722 | 1360 | 1196 | 638 | 800 |
| | | | | | | |
all GHGs | 2020 | 416 | 442 | 417 | 407 | 416 | 432 |
| 2050 | 605 | 622 | 686 | 575 | 515 | 555 |
| 2100 | 861 | 717 | 1535 | 1256 | 608 | 808 |
Source: IPCC, 2001, 2007a
1Defined as >95% probability (IPCC, 2007)
22008 concentration levels are yet not available for the other greenhouse gasses.
Indicator specification and metadata
Indicator definition
Definition: The indicator shows the measured trends and projections of greenhouse gas concentrations. The various greenhouse gases have been grouped in three different ways. In all cases the effect of greenhouse gas concentrations on the enhanced greenhouse effect is presented as CO2-equivalent concentration. Global annual averages are considered.
Model used: IMAGE
Ownership: European Environment Agency
Temporal coverage: 2000 - 2100
Geographical coverage: global
Atmospheric concentration in parts per million in CO2-equivalent.Policy context and targets
Context description
Global policy context
Over a decade ago, most countries joined an international treaty -- the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - to begin to consider what can be done to reduce global warming and to cope with whatever temperature increases are inevitable. Recently, a number of nations have approved an addition to the treaty: the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol, an international and legally binding agreement to reduce greenhouse gases emissions world wide, entered into force on February 16th 2005. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol shares the Convention's objective, principles and institutions, but significantly strengthens the Convention by committing Annex I Parties to individual, legally-binding targets to limit or reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
EU policy context
The indicator is aimed at supporting assessment of progress towards the EU long-term target to limit global temperature increase to below 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels, and, derived from this, stabilisation of GHG concentrations at well below 450 ppm CO2-equivalent (
EECCA policy context
There are no specific policies concerning atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations in this region. However, in EECCA Environmental Strategy reduction of GHGs are defined as one of the aims.
Global level
- to achieve 'stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner' (The ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
EU level
- Limiting global temperature rise to a maximum of 2 °C compared with pre-industrial levels (6th EAP)
- Global GHG concentrations may need to be stabilised at much lower levels, e.g. 450 ppm CO2-equivalent. Stabilisation of concentrations as well below 450 ppm CO2-equivalent may be needed and global GHG emissions would have to peak within two decades, followed by substantial reductions by 2050 compared with 1990 levels (the Environment Councils of 20 December 2004 and 22-23 March 2005)
- To achieve stabilisation in an equitable manner, developed countries should reduce emissions by about 15-30% by 2020 and 60-80% by 2050, below the base year levels (1990) (The EU Environment Council (March 2005))
EECCA level
no targets were set at this subregional level
Related policy documents
Council Decision (2002/358/EC) of 25 April 2002
Council Decision (2002/358/EC) of 25 April 2002 concerning the approval, on behalf of the European Community, of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the joint fulfilment of commitments thereunder.
Greenhouse gas monitoring mechanism Decision
Decision No 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 concerning a mechanism for monitoring Community greenhouse gas emissions and for implementing the Kyoto Protocol
Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; adopted at COP3 in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997
Sixth Environment Action Programme (decision No 1600/2002/EC)
DECISION No 1600/2002/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22 July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme
UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories
Methodology for indicator calculation
The concentrations are calculated in the Atmospheric Chemistry Model (ACM) of IMAGE 2.2 on the basis of the emissions generated by the TIMER emissions model (TEM) and Land Use Emissions Model (LUEM). The global mean concentrations are used as input of the Upwelling-Diffusion Climate Model (UDCM) of IMAGE 2.2. The AEA technology approach was used for methane.
Overview of the IMAGE Scenarios Model
The Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) developed by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), is a dynamic integrated assessment modeling framework for global change. The main objectives of IMAGE are to contribute to scientific understanding and support decision-making by quantifying the relative importance of major processes and interactions in the society-biosphere-climate system. To accomplish this, IMAGE provides:
- dynamic and long-term perspectives on the systemic consequences of global change
- insights into the impacts of global change
- a quantitative basis for analyzing the relative effectiveness of various policy options to address global change.
More detailed description of the IMAGE model can be found here.
The IMAGE model has a range of submodels which calculate different parameters for the model. Therefore, GHG's concentrations are included in the Atmospheric Chemistry Model (ACM).
ACM sub-mode's calculations
Thus the change in concentrations depends on the change in both emissions and the atmospheric removal, determined by its atmospheric lifetime. However, for N2O, CCl3, the CFCs, bromocarbons and PFCs, the chemical lifetime is assumed constant, as adopted in most simple climate models currently used ( Harvey et al., 1997). The calculation of the CO concentration is slightly modified from the approach used in IMAGE 2.0 (Krol and Van der Woerd, 1994). On the basis of recent literature, the CO yield factor for NMVOC emissions is 0.4; the lifetime of CO due to soil uptake and stratospheric loss is 1.10 year ( M?and Brasseur, 1995).
ACM covers such kinds of emissions and their further concentrations as:
- emissions of CH4, N2O, NOx, CO, NMVOCs, CFCs, CCs, HCFCs, bromocarbons, PFCs, SF6 and HFCs;
- concentration of CH4, N2O, CO, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, CCs, HCFCs, bromocarbons, PFCs, SF6, HFCs
Overview of the AEA technology approach (for methane)
to be included
Key model assumptions
Baseline scenario
The baseline scenario follows a conventional definition and expands on current expectations regarding macro-economic, sectoral, technological and societal developments, as well as including those policies that have been implemented and/or adopted, which typically refer to pieces of legislation such as EU directives or political agreements.
EEA's outlooks across the various sectors and themes use a common reference set of assumptions for the key driving forces to ensure consistency across the board and facilitate cross-cutting analysis. This reference set builds on the socio-economic assumptions developed for the DG TREN baseline projections 'European energy and transport trends to 2030', which are also being used within the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE, DG ENV) programme. Within this framework, assumptions have been developed as a consistent set and cover the following key driving forces:
- population
- macro and macro-economic activity
- household expenditure
- number of households
- average household size
- energy flows.
The European population is expected to stabilize, but gradually to become an ageing society. Main demographical trends are presented in the Table 1.
Table 1 Demography - population development 1990 - 2030
Population (millions) | ||||
Year | EEA - 31 | EU - 25 | EU - 15 | New - 10 |
1990 | 540 | 441 | 366 | 75 |
2000 | 563 | 453 | 379 | 75 |
2010 | 586 | 461 | 388 | 73 |
2020 | 586 | 462 | 390 | 72 |
2030 | 587 | 458 | 389 | 69 |
Average annual growth rates (%) | ||||
1990 -2000 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
1990 -2030 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -0.2 |
The age distribution in the EU is a growing concern, particularlyin connection with pension and health expenditure and working life-time. While the accession of the 10 new Member States in 2004 has somewhat rejuvenated the EU population, it failed to reserve the trend of increasing old age dependency from 30% in the 1960s to 39% today in the EU-25.
This trend is expected to continue over the 2000-2030 period, with the share of people of 65 years and older in the total population increasing from 15% to 25% in the EU-15, and from 10% to 22% in the New-10.
The macro-economic assumptions.
The macro-economic assumptions for Europe are moderately optimisticand entail challengingtrade-offs in light of achieving sustainableeconomic development. Average annual economic growth in the EU is expected to be 2.4% and 3.5% in the New-10.
GDP assumptions are presented in the table 2.
Table 2 Income - GDP growth 2000 - 2030
GDP per capita (1000 Euro, year 2000) | ||||
Year | EEA - 31 | EU - 25 | EU - 15 | New - 10 |
2000 | 17.1 | 19.7 | 22.6 | 5.3 |
2010 | 21.3 | 24.8 | 28.0 | 7.8 |
2020 | 26.9 | 31.3 | 34.9 | 11.5 |
2030 | 33.7 | 39.3 | 43.5 | 15.9 |
Average annual growth rates (%) | ||||
2000-2010 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.8 |
2010-2020 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.6 |
2020-2030 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.0 |
2000-2030 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.5 |
Technological developments:
Technological progress is moderate but essential in key area such as energy, agriculture and water, but no technological breakthroughs are assumed.
More detailed information concerning technology can be found in the European Environment Outlook N4/2005 (pp. 22-23).
Sectoral developments
The service sector is expectedto retain its predominance in the European economy and be instrumental insustaing economic growth. The baseline scenario uses specific technological assumptions at the sectoral level, which directly affect most of European environmental concerns. The explanationsof such asumptions are available in the European Environment Outlook N4/2005 (pp. 23-24).
'Low GHG emission' scenario
The scenario has been developed as an alternative scenario, which aims at identifying the implications of the EU's long term sustainable objective as stated in the 6th EAP for future GHG patterns, sectoral developments and the costs of policies. The scenario bears similarities with current initiatives, studies and political debate across the EU for far-reaching climate change policies.
One of the main assumptions are shifts induced by the low GHG emissions scenario. It is concerning the power generation sector in terms of fuel inputs. In particular, the share of solids is significantly reduced, and there is a greater deployment of renewables.
Methodology for gap filling
Historical data for the 1765-1995 period are used to initialise the carbon cycle and climate system. IMAGE 2.2 simulations cover the 1970-2100 period. Data for 1970-1995 are used to calibrate EIS and TES. Simulations up to the year 2100 are made on the basis of scenario assumptions on, for example, demography, food and energy consumption and technology and trade. Models are used for projections and gap fillings.
Methodology references
- IMAGE 2.2 implementation of the SRES scenarios A comprehensive analysis of emissions, climate change and impacts in the 21st century This CD-ROM allows the user to explore the implementation of the IPCC-SRES scenarios (A1B, A1T, A1F, A2, B1 and B2) with the IMAGE 2.2 model for the 1995-2100 period. In contrast to the original SRES scenarios, the scenarios on this CD-ROM do not focus solely on emissions but also describe the possible environmental impacts of these scenarios. The scenarios can be visualized, analyzed and compared with the IMAGE 2.2 User Support System (USS). Hence, the user cannot run the IMAGE 2.2 model. Documentation is provided on all the IMAGE submodels, scenario assumptions and indicators. Furthermore, a guided tour offers an introduction to the USS and the documentation. The scenarios presented on the main disc do not reflect the uncertainties in the climate system. Some of the major uncertainties in the causal chain of climate change center on the climate sensitivity and regional climate-change patterns. The scenarios are based on one value for the climate sensitivity (the median of the IPCC (2001) range), and on one default GCM run (HADCM2). To illustrate uncertainties in climate sensitivity and climate-change patterns, the following additional simulations were made: the main disc ( IMAGE team, 2001a ) provides IMAGE 2.2 runs with changed climate sensitivity for the A1F and B1 scenarios (A1F low, A1F high, B1 low, B1 high). These scenarios span the full range of emissions of the SRES scenarios and therefore adequately illustrate the uncertainty of different climate sensitivities. a supplementary disc ( IMAGE team, 2001b ) provides IMAGE 2.2 runs with five different climate-change patterns for the A1F, B1 and A2 scenarios to illustrate the uncertainties in SRES climate-change scenarios resulting from differences in GCMs. The GCMs used include: ECHAM4, CGCM1, GFDL-LR15-a, HADCM2 and CSIRO-MK2. Another supplementary disc (forthcoming) will deal with the IMAGE 2.2 implementation of mitigation scenarios and analyses of emission burdens with the FAIR model (in preparation, IMAGE team, RIVM-CD-ROM Publication 481508020).
Methodology uncertainty
Many unknowns and uncertainties in the climate system are not reflected in the IMAGE scenarios. Some of the major uncertainties in the causal chain are the climate sensitivity and regional climate-change patterns. The direct effects of a changed climate are changes in carbon uptake by the biosphere and oceans and in the distribution and productivity of crops, as well as shifts in ecosystems. Indirectly, many other processes are influenced, which can lead to the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere being built up differently and to different land-use patterns. IMAGE simulates the consequences of these changes in an integrated fashion, accounting for interactions and feedbacks. The outcome is thus not necessarily a linear function of climate sensitivity.
These climate uncertainties were addressed by providing additional simulations to illustrate the uncertainty in the climate sensitivity and in the regional climate-change patterns.
Climate sensitivity
Climate sensitivity refers to long-term (equilibrium) change in global mean surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric concentration in CO2 equivalents. According to IPCC, this climate sensitivity is between 1.5oC and 4.5oC. In earlier versions of IMAGE, the climate sensitivity generated by the climate model was 2.4oC. Due to the rigid structure of these earlier versions, we were unable to change this and assess the consequences of such a change.
In IMAGE 2.2 a simpler climate model MAGICC (see Upwelling-Diffusion Climate Model) is incorporated, allowing to define the climate sensitivity. The default value for IMAGE runs is 2.5, which is the median value of the IPCC range (median differs from mean because the range is logarithmic).
To test the uncertainty related to the climate sensitivity, runs with respectively a low (1.5oC) and high (4.5oC) climate sensitivity were created. A pattern-scaling procedure is used to obtain regional and seasonal climate-change patterns using the calculated increase in global mean temperature.
Runs with changed climate sensitivity are provided for the A1F (A1F low, A1F high) and B1 (B1 low, B1 high) scenarios on the main disc (IMAGE team 2001a). These scenarios span the full range of the SRES emission scenarios and therefore adequately illustrate the uncertainty of different climate sensitivities.
Regional climate-change patterns
Climate-change patterns are not simulated explicitly in IMAGE. The global mean temperature increase, as calculated by IMAGE, is linked with the climate patterns generated by a general circulation model (GCM) for the atmosphere and oceans. This linking takes place using the standardized IPCC pattern-scaling approach (Carter et al., 1994) and additional pattern-scaling for the climate response to sulphate aerosols forcing (Schlesinger et al., 2000; see Geographical Pattern Scaling, GPS). GCMs are currently the best tools available for simulating the physical processes that determine global climate dynamics and regional climate patterns.
GCMs simulate climate over a continuous global grid with a spatial resolution of a few hundred kilometres and a temporal resolution of less than an hour.
Most GCMs agree on the global patterns of climate change:
- temperature increases above land are faster than above the oceans
- high latitudes warm up more sharply than low latitudes
- winter warms up more sharply than summers
- total precipitation increases with increasing temperature
- maritime regions generally get wetter
- continental regions could get dryer.
Regionally, however, there are large differences between the different GCMs, especially in precipitation-change patterns.
IMAGE 2.2 runs with five different climate-change patterns are provided on the supplementary disc (IMAGE team 2001b, RIVM CD-ROM publication 481508019) for the A1F, B1 and A2 scenarios. The aim of this material is to illustrate the uncertainties in SRES climate-change scenarios resulting from these differences in GCMs. The first two scenarios span the full range of the SRES emission scenarios, the latter being based on a highly different narrative with different demographic and socio-economic assumptions. The three scenarios therefore adequately illustrate the uncertainty of different climate patterns. Differences in the runs for each scenario indicate some of the uncertainty caused by regional variation in climate-change patterns (not the global mean).
The scenarios for five different GCM runs from the IPCC data centre were implemented, which comprised:
- ECHAM4 of the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum DKRZ in Germany
- CGCM1 of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis in Canada
- GFDL-LR15-a of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in the USA
- HADCM2 of the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research in the UK
- CSIRO-MK2 of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia
Data sets uncertainty
The input data to the IMAGE model are calculated on the basis of the TIMER Model and bare all uncertainties related to thise model (see more in methodology uncertainly).Rationale uncertainty
Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are a well-established indicator of changes in atmospheric composition, which causes changes of the global climate system. To answer the key question of the indicator (will GHG concentrations stay within sustainable limits) it is not enough to know only current concentration trends - projection techniques should be applied to warn on early stages how the situation is developing.
Data sources
Input data to IMAGE 2.2. Scenarios - Energy-related and industrial emissions of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants - output from TIMER Emissions Module
provided by -
Output data from IMAGE 2.2 model - concentrations of GHGs
provided by
Generic metadata
DPSIR: State
Typology: Descriptive indicator (Type A - What is happening to the environment and to humans?)
- Outlook 019
Contacts and ownership
EEA Contact Info
Anita Pirc VelkavrhOwnership
EEA Management Plan
2010 (note: EEA internal system)Dates
- Permalink to this version
- dd9151752316ecaec02153a22fda95ab
- Permalink to latest version
- IND-64-en
For references, please go to http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/ghg-concentrations-outlook-from-mnp/ghg-concentrations-outlook-from-mnp or scan the QR code.
PDF generated on 29 Mar 2017, 01:41 PM


text:
Tennessee was one of only three SEC schools to make it to basketball's March Madness this week, and the Vols tipoff tomorrow night in a play-in game against Iowa.
Don't think their future football players haven't noticed. In fact, many of them are huge Tennessee basketball fans. The Vols already have eight commitments for the 2015 class, and are ranked No. 8 in the nation currently–but this week they are fans, not recruits. Three of the eight expressed their feelings to Saturday Down South.
"Oh yeah, I have been following the Vols," said one of those commitments, Riley Lovingood of Hendersonville (Tenn.). "I'm happy they made the tournament, even though I think they're a better team than their seeding. Tennessee has played outstanding toward the end of the season and despite the loss to Florida I think they can carry the momentum into the tournament (this week) and do very well.
"I think Jarnell Stokes is a great big man who can grab rebounds and produce on the offensive side too. And Jordan McRae can score points and lead the team. They are the key parts, I think."
Dylan Jackson is a defensive end who also plays basketball. He's out of Maryville (Tenn.).
"I do follow Tennessee basketball, and I'm extremely excited to see what the Vols will do in the tournament," Jackson told Saturday Down South. "I'd say that they win against Iowa and UMass and pull the upset over Duke. But from there I don't know, but you've got to have faith. I do feel a bit of Tennessee pride whenever I watch a game because I know that I will probably know some of those guys once I get to campus."
Cecil Cherry, a three-star linebacker out of Frostproof (Fla.)–home of revered Vols RB Travis Henry--was a man of few words.
"I just hope they make it all the way," Cherry told SDS. "They're raw."


text:
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text:
University President Replacement Committee Will Hold First Meeting Today
Tuesday, February 1, 2011
A search committee formed to find a replacement for retiring San Diego State University President Stephen Weber will meet for the first time today, and it will be the only such meeting open to the public.
The committee consists of trustees of the California State University system, working with an advisory group that includes a student, faculty members and an alumnus.
Committee members at the first gathering will discuss their preferred attributes for a new school president, set a schedule of meetings and review a description of the job Weber has held for 15 years.
The search process is expected to conclude in May with the selection of a new president.
The meeting is scheduled for 1 p.m. at the Parma Payne Goodall Alumni Center on campus.
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text:
The Election of 1952
General Dwight Eisenhower fought off Ohio Senator Robert Taft to gain the 1952 Republican nomination for president. Eisenhower, and his running mate, Richard Nixon, squared off against Illinois governor Adlai Stevenson. The Democrats had held the White House since 1933, and the Republicans contended that it was time for a change.
The following positions were compiled from official party platforms. Shortly after the site launched in 2000, we asked our users to vote on these positions. Below are the results from this poll.
As Senator Joseph McCarthy conducted his crusade to purge communists from all branches of the U.S. government, politicians differed on how to best respond to him.
Candidate/Party 1 -- Openly criticizes McCarthy's tactics as a threat to basic American freedoms.
Candidate/Party 2 -- Feels that to openly criticize McCarthy would only give him more attention and alienate those voters who support him.
The Economy
The nation was enjoying relative prosperity in the years following World War II, but there was disagreement over which was the wisest economic course to follow. Some wanted to expand the economy by building upon the programs of the New Deal, while others favored a scale-back of government programs and tax cuts.
Candidate/Party 1 -- Generally supports, and cites, the programs of the New Deal and the Fair Deal as contributing to the nation's prosperity.
Candidate/Party 2 -- While not coming out against New Deal policies, feels that too many government programs hinder the economy. This candidate favors a tax cut and a reduction in federal spending.
Containing Communism Abroad
The war in Korea focused attention on the effectiveness of efforts being made to contain the international spread of communism.
Candidate/Party 1 -- Is supportive of Truman's policy of containing Communism and agrees with his conduct of foreign policy.
Candidate/Party 2 -- Feels that weaknesses within Truman's foreign policy allow for increased Communist aggression, and promises, if elected, to personally visit Korea in an effort to end the war.
Here are the actual results of the election of 1952:
Popular Votes | % | Electoral Votes | |
Eisenhower [R] | 33,936,234 | 55.1 | 442 |
Stevenson [D] | 27,314,992 | 44.4 | 89 |
My American Experience
Share Your Story
Who is your favorite 20th-century American president? Was it FDR? Reagan? Clinton? Or one of the other 14 men who helped usher the United Sates through the 1900s? Who do you think was the most influential?


text:
Posted on 09/19/2012 12:14:38 PM PDT by SeekAndFind
Edited on 09/19/2012 1:22:12 PM PDT by Admin Moderator. [history]
A bombshell report released Wednesday on Operation Fast and Furious faulted a range of federal agencies for the failed anti-gunrunning program and accused officials in charge of a "disregard" for public safety. In the wake of the report, one Justice Department official resigned.
(Excerpt) Read more at foxnews.com ...
Do these criminals think we are as stupid as the idiots that elected their boss? IIRC, Holder was telling congress back in March he didn't know anything about it. Stalling, stone-walling, obfuscating and lying. Ass banging jail for the scapegoat and when he howls enough give him a chance to drop a dime on Holder. I hope we get the full congress and executive November. The entire DOJ needs to be investigated and cleaned the heck out.
"The report says Attorney General Eric Holder was not made aware of potential flaws in the program until February of last year."
This is going to be hard to square with the need to envoke Executive Privelege on ALL documents.
The criminals ARE the federal government bureaucrats. The best way to control that is to prosecute and incarcerate them so they can't do it again. That goes right to the heart of the problem instead of writing laws to restrict the freedom of citizens who had no part in their criminal enterprise. Defunding and eliminating the criminal bureaucracies themselves is the right piece of legislation to prevent a repeat of the bad behavior.
Damned decent of Weinstein to fall on his sword to shield Witholder and Øbongo.
He may not fall on the sword, might be worthwhile to keep an electronic eye on the balances in his bank accounts for a while!
Can you spell WHITE WASH government cover-up.
They get a few scapegoats and easy marks and they ignore Holder.
They ignore the fact that fast & Furious was made to coincide with Obama trying to make it look like the United States was responsible for gun going into Mexico,when i fact the Government was supplying them.
I'm sure there wasn't any pressure on the Inspector General to exonerate Holder. /s
Holder knew!
He won't blow the whistle, because this administration is even more thugish than the previous Dem administration. It originated in Chicago, did it not? Remember Vince Foster?
Hopefully, if Obama loses, he might......
Investigation finds widespread misconduct in 'Fast and Furious'
Only found misconduct after spending hundreds of millions of dollars and years of investigation.
But misconduct so widespread only resulted in one resignation my guess will full retirement and many others promoted and having higher pensions.
This isn't so hard to believe.
I mean, next time you get accused of Murder, Arson, Wetting the Bed etc, just tell the Police to stand by, you will launch your own investigation and get back to them when you get some results.
Yea, that should work....
Hopefully, if Obama loses, he might...
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Better yet, when Romney wins, just tell the 'thieves in charge of the different henhouses' that he wants to retain them in their present jobs so the transition will be real smooooooooth.
That will keep them from going to a country with no extradition laws while they are being completely probed and eventually prosecuted.
Multi Agency projects don't just happen spontaneously, all have top bosses approving and guiding them, obviously all they are doing is throwing people under the bus to protect Holder and his Boss.
He's not going to jail. He'll land a cushy job somewhere. He'll keep his mouth shut.
"Hes not going to jail. Hell land a cushy job somewhere. Hell keep his mouth shut."
Absolutely. This guy already has some dream gig out West totally funded by a Dem super donor.
Resigning in disgrace used to be disgraceful. Whatever.
He won't say a word unless they prosecute him. I hope that a Romney AG has the ballz to do it. But we know the answer to that.
People need to hang for this.....and I do NOT mean in a figurative sense.
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