text:
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/591,611, filed Jun. 9, 2000 now issued U.S. Pat. No. 6,373,830 which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/898,537, filed Jul. 22, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,075,792 which claims benefit of application Ser. No. 60/049,637, filed Jun. 16, 1997.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to wireless communication systems. More particularly, the invention relates to a wireless digital Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) communication system including a base station and a plurality of subscriber units which selectively allocates bandwidth upon demand by a subscriber unit or an entity desiring to establish a communication with a subscriber unit.
2. Description of the Related Art
The use of wireless technology by the telecommunication industry has increased dramatically as the capacity and reliability of wireless communication systems has improved. Once considered only to be a convenient method for sending voiced communications, digital wireless communications systems are now a necessity for providing transmission of all forms of communications including plain old telephony service (POTS), integrated services digital network (ISDN), variable bit rate (VBR) data service, wideband service, leased line service and packet data services. Although it has been technically feasible to transmit all of these types of services, the large amount of bandwidth required for high data rate communications has made many of these services uneconomical. As the number of subscribers requiring access to wireless digital communication systems has increased, the reliance on a wide bandwidth for each communication is no longer realistic.
The finite bandwidth allocated to wireless communications systems for public use has become increasingly valuable. Since it is unlikely that additional bandwidth to support user growth will be allocated for existing applications, many of the recent advances in telecommunication hardware and software have been directed toward increasing the transmission rate of data while utilizing a decreased amount of bandwidth.
Accordingly, there exists a need for a wireless digital communication system which supports the same high data rate services as conventional wired networks while utilizing the allocated bandwidth more efficiently.
The present invention is a CDMA wireless digital communication system which supports all types of voice and data communications while utilizing the minimum amount of bandwidth for the particular application. The system efficiently allocates ISDN bandwidth on demand by a subscriber. Upon initialization of the subscriber unit, the system establishes a channel and generates the necessary spreading codes to support the highest capacity channel desired by the subscriber unit. However, the system does not set aside portions of the communication bandwidth until actually required by the subscriber unit. Since the call setup is performed at the beginning of any call from that particular subscriber unit, including the assignment of spreading codes, a subscriber unit can quickly gain access to the portion of the spectrum that is required to support the particular application.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a wireless digital spread spectrum communication system which supports a range of telephone services including POTS and ISDN while efficiently utilizing the spread spectrum bandwidth.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after reading the description of a presently preferred embodiment.
The preferred embodiment will be described with reference to the drawing figures wherein like numerals represent like elements throughout.
The system of the present invention provides local-loop telephone service using radio links between one or more base stations and at least one remote subscriber unit. In the exemplary embodiment, the radio link is described for a base station communicating with a fixed subscriber unit (FSU), but the system is equally applicable to systems including multiple base stations with radio links to both fixed subscriber units and mobile subscriber units (MSUs). Consequently, the fixed and mobile subscriber units will be referred to herein as subscriber units.
Referring to
The radio links 161 to 165 operate within the frequency bands of the CDS1800 standard (1.71-1.785 GHz and 1.805-1.880 GHz); the US-PCS standard (1.85-1.99 GHz); and the CEPT standard (2.0-2.7 GHz). Although these bands are used in the described embodiment, the invention is equally applicable to any RF frequency band including the entire UHF and SHF bands, and bands from 2.7 GHz to 5 GHz. The transmit and receive bandwidths are multiples of 3.5 MHz starting at 7 MHz, and multiples of 5 MHz starting at 10 MHz, respectively. The described system includes bandwidths of 7, 10, 10.5, 14 and 15 MHz. In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the minimum guard band between the uplink and downlink is 20 MHz, and is desirably at least three times the signal bandwidth. The duplex separation is between 50 to 175 MHz, with the described invention using 50, 75, 80, 95 and 175 MHz. Other frequencies may also be used.
Although the system may use different spread-spectrum bandwidths centered around a carrier for the transmit and receive spread-spectrum channels, the present invention is readily extended to systems using multiple spread-spectrum bandwidths for the transmit channels and multiple spread-spectrum bandwidths for the receive channels. Alternatively, the same spread-spectrum bandwidth for both the transmit and receive channels may be employed wherein uplink and downlink transmissions will occupy the same frequency band. The present invention may also be readily extended to multiple CDMA frequency bands, each conveying a respectively different set of messages, uplink, downlink or uplink and downlink.
The spread binary symbol information is transmitted over the radio links 161 to 165 using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation with Nyquist pulse shaping. However, other modulation techniques may be used including, but not limited to, offset QPSK minimum shift keying (MSK), Gaussian phase shift keying (GPSK) and M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK).
The radio links 161 to 165 incorporate broadband code division multiple access (B-CDMA™) technology as the mode of transmission in both the uplink and downlink directions. CDMA (also known as spread spectrum) communication techniques used in multiple access systems are well-known, and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,228,056 entitled SYNCHRONOUS SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD by Donald Schilling. The system described utilizes the direct sequence spreading technique. The CDMA modulator generates the spread-spectrum spreading code sequence, which can be a pseudonoise sequence, and performs complex direct sequence modulation of the QPSK signals with spreading code sequences for the In-phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) channels. Pilot signals, spreading codes which are not modulated by data, are generated and transmitted with the modulated signals. The pilot signals are used for synchronization, carrier phase recovery, and for estimating the impulse response of the radio channel. Each subscriber unit 111-118 includes a code generator and at least one CDMA modulator and demodulator, which together comprise a CDMA modem. Each RCS 104, 105, 110 has at least one code generator plus sufficient CDMA modulators and demodulators for all of the logical channels in use by the subscriber units.
The CDMA demodulator despreads the signal with appropriate processing to reduce or exploit multipath propagation effects. The radio links support multiple traffic channels with data rates of 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 144 kb/s. The physical channel to which a traffic channel is connected operates with a 64 k symbol/sec rate. Other data rates may be supported, and forward error correction (FEC) coding can be employed. For the described embodiment, FEC with a coding rate of � and a constraint length 7 is used. Other rates and constraint lengths can be used consistent with the code generation techniques employed.
Referring again to
The system of the present invention also supports bearer rate modification between the RCS 104 and the subscriber unit 111 for both POTS service and ISDN service. The subscriber units 111-118 may interface with a telephone unit 170, a local switch (PBX) 171, a data terminal 172, an ISDN interface 173 or other types of equipment shown in
The transmit power level of the radio interface between the RCS 104 and the subscriber unit 111 is controlled using a different closed loop power control method for the downlink and uplink directions. The automatic forward power control (AFPC) method determines the downlink transmit power level and the automatic reverse power control (ARPC) method determines the uplink transmit power level. The logical control channel by which the subscriber unit 111 and the RCS 104 transfer power control information operates at an update rate of at least a 16 kHz. Other embodiments may use a faster or slower update rate, for example 64 kHz. These algorithms ensure that the transmit power of a user maintains an acceptable bit-error rate (BER), maintain the system power at a minimum to conserve power and maintain the power level of the subscriber unit 111 as received by the RCS 104 at a nearly equal level.
The system also uses an optional maintenance power control method during the inactive mode of the subscriber unit 111. When the subscriber unit 111 is inactive or powered-down to conserve power, the subscriber unit 111 occasionally activates to adjust its initial transmit power level setting in response to a maintenance power control signal from the RCS 104. The maintenance power control signal is determined by the RCS 104 by measuring the received power level of the subscriber unit 111 and present system power level and calculating the necessary initial transmit power. The method shortens the channel acquisition time of the subscriber unit 111 to begin a communication and prevents the transmit power level of the subscriber unit 111 from becoming too high and interfering with other channels during the initial transmission before the closed loop power control reduces the transmit power.
The RCS 104 obtains synchronization of its clock from an interface line such as, but not limited to, E1, T1, or HDSL interfaces. The RCS 104 can also generate its own internal clock signal from an oscillator which may be regulated by a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. The RCS 104 generates a global pilot code, which can be acquired by the remote subscriber unit 111. All transmission channels of the RCS 104 are synchronized to the global pilot channel. The spreading code phases of code generators (not shown in
Typically, a prior art channel is regarded as a communications path which is part of an interface and which can be distinguished from other paths of that interface without regard to its content. However, for CDMA communications, separate communications paths are distinguished by their content. All logical channels and subchannels of the present invention are mapped to a common 64 kilo-symbols per second (ksym/s) QPSK stream. Some channels are synchronized to associated pilot codes which are generated from, and perform a similar function to, the global pilot code. The system pilot signals are not considered logical channels.
Several logical communication channels are used over the RF communication link between the RCS 104 and the subscriber unit 111. Each logical communication channel either has a fixed, pre-determined spreading code or a dynamically assigned spreading code. For both predetermined and assigned codes, the code phase is synchronized with the global pilot code.
The spreading codes are specified by the seeds used to generate the codes. A pool of "primary seeds" exists within the RDU 102, a portion of which comprise global primary seeds and the remainder comprise assigned primary seeds. The RDU 102 allocates these primary seeds to the RCSs 104 on an as-needed basis. A global primary seed generates all of the global channel codes for use by an RCS 104 within a cell. However, assigned primary seeds are used to generate secondary assigned seeds. One primary assigned seed generates fifty-seven (57) secondary assigned seeds. Each secondary assigned seed is input into the code generators within the RCS 104 and the subscriber unit 111 to generate a set of assigned channel codes to support each communication link. In the preferred embodiment, each RCS 104 is given one global primary seed for generating global channel codes and two primary assigned seeds. Accordingly, the RCS 104 and its corresponding subscriber units 111-118 may generate up to 114 secondary assigned seeds. Each secondary assigned seed is assigned by the RCS 104 to generate the codes for an active link, thereby permitting enough codes for up to 114 simultaneous communication links.
Logical communication channels are divided into two groups: 1) global channels; and 2) assigned channels. The global channel group includes channels which are either transmitted from the RCS 104 to all subscriber units 111-118 or from any subscriber unit 111-118 to the RCS 104 regardless of the identity of the subscriber unit 111-118. Channels in the assigned channels group are those channels dedicated to communication between the RCS 104 and a particular subscriber unit 111.
With respect to the global channel group, the global channel group provides for: 1) broadcast control logical channels, which provide point-to-multi-point services for broadcasting messages to all subscriber units 111-118 and paging messages to subscriber units 111-118; and 2) access control logical channels which provide point-to-point services on global channels for subscriber units 111-118 to access the system and obtain assigned channels. The RCS 104 of the present invention has one broadcast control logical channel and multiple access control logical channels. A subscriber unit 111-118 of the present invention has at least one broadcast control logical channel and at least one access control logical channel.
The global logical channels controlled by the RCS 104 are the fast broadcast channel (FBCCH) which broadcasts fast changing information concerning which services and which access channels are currently available, and the slow broadcast channel (SB CCH) which broadcasts slow changing system information and paging messages.
The subscriber unit 111 uses an access channel (AXCH) to begin communications with the RCS 104 and gain access to assigned channels. Each AXCH is paired with a control channel (CTCH) which is sent from the RCS 104 to the subscriber unit 111. The CTCH is used by the RCS 104 to acknowledge and reply to access attempts by the subscriber unit 111. The short access pilot (SAXPT) and the long access pilot (LAXPT) are transmitted synchronously with AXCH to initiate access and to provide the RCS 104 with a time and phase reference. The SAXPT is transmitted by the subscriber unit 111 while it ramps up its transmit power to initiate access to the RCS 104. Since the SAXPT is a relatively short code it permits the RCS 104 to detect the subscriber unit 111 quickly and avoids power overshoot by the subscriber unit 111. Further detail regarding transmit power ramp-up using the SAXPT is described in more detail in an application entitled A METHOD OF CONTROLLING INITIAL POWER RAMP-UP IN CDMA SYSTEMS BY USING SHORT CODES, Ser. No. 08/670,162; filed Jun. 27, 1996 which is herein incorporated by reference as if fully set forth. Until the SAXPT is detected by the RCS 104, subscriber unit 111 does not send any other signal. Once the SAXPT is detected, the subscriber unit 111 starts transmitting the LAXPT which provides the RCS 104 with a time and phase reference and permits the RCS 104 to determine the channel impulse response.
With respect to the assigned channel group, this group contains the logical channels that control a single communication link between the RCS 104 and the subscriber unit 111. When an assigned channel group is formed, a pair of power control logical message channels for each of the uplink and downlink connections is established and one or more pairs of traffic channels, depending on the type of connection, is established. The bearer control function performs the required forward error control, bearer rate modification and encryption functions.
Each subscriber unit 111-118 has at least one assigned channel group when a communication link is established, and each RCS 104-110 has multiple assigned channel groups, one for each communication link in progress. An assigned channel group of logical channels is created for a communication link upon successful establishment of the communication link. The assigned channel group includes encryption, FEC coding, and multiplexing on transmission, and decryption, FEC decoding and demultiplexing on reception.
Each assigned channel group provides a set of communication link oriented point-to-point services and operates in both directions between a specific RCS 104 and a specific subscriber unit 111. An assigned channel group formed for a communication link can control more than one bearer over the RF communication channel associated with a single communication link. Multiple bearers are used to carry distributed data such as, but not limited to, ISDN. An assigned channel group can provide for the duplication of traffic channels to facilitate switchover to 64 kb/s PCM for high speed facsimile and modem services for the bearer rate modification function.
The assigned logical channels formed upon a successful communication link and included in the assigned channel group are dedicated signaling channel order wire (OW), APC channel and one or more traffic channels (TRCH) which are bearers of 8, 16, 32, or 64 kb/s depending on the service supported. For voice traffic, moderate rate coded speech ADPCM or PCM can be supported on the traffic channels. For ISDN service types, two 64 kb/s TRCHs form the B channels and one 16 kb/s TRCH forms the D channel. Alternatively, the APC subchannel may either be separately modulated on its own CDMA channel, or may be time division multiplexed with a traffic channel or OW channel.
Each subscriber unit 111-118 of the present invention supports up to three simultaneous traffic channels. A subscriber unit is preferably commissioned to be a POTS subscriber unit 112 or an ISDN subscriber unit 115. Although POTS subscriber unit 112 does not support ISDN service in accordance with the present invention, bandwidth resources can be dynamically allocated for either service type. For example, a POTS subscriber unit 112 can set up an additional POTS line and tear it down, or an ISDN subscriber unit 115 can dynamically add B channel-carrying bearers or tear them down. For dynamic bandwidth allocation of a POTS service, an active 32 kb/s ADPCM service modifies the bearer type from 32 kb/s to 64 kb/s unencoded data to support facsimile transmission. The presence of a facsimile call is determined by the RCS 104 by monitoring the existence of the 2100 Hz answer tone.
For dynamic bandwidth allocation of ISDN service, the RCS 104 monitors the ISDN D channel messages to determine when a B channel is requested and when it should be torn down. Once the RCS 104 determines the need for changing the bearer channel allocation, the RCS 104 initiates the dynamic bearer allocation procedure which will be described in greater detail hereinafter. The mapping of the three logical channels for TRCHs to the user data is shown below in Table 1:
Mapping of service types to the three available TRCH channels
16 kb/s POTS
not used
not used
32 + 64 kb/s POTS(during BCM)
not used
32 kb/s POTS
not used
not used
64 kb/s POTS
not used
not used
not used
not used
Digital LL @64 kb/s
not used
not used
Digital LL @2 � 64 kb/s
not used
Analog LL @64 kb/s
not used
not used
A subscriber unit 200 made in accordance with the present invention is generally shown in FIG. 3. The subscriber unit 200 includes a receiver section 202 and a transmitter section 204. An antenna 206 receives a signal from RCS 104, which is filtered by a band-pass filter 208 having a bandwidth equal to twice the chip rate and a center frequency equal to the center frequency of the spread spectrum system's bandwidth. The output of the filter 208 is down-converted by a mixer 210 to a baseband signal using a constant frequency (Fc) local oscillator. The output of the mixer 210 is then spread spectrum decoded by applying a PN sequence for each logical channel to a mixer 212 within the PN Rx generator 214. The output of the mixer 212 is input to a codec 218 which interfaces with the communicating entity 220.
A baseband signal from the communicating entity 220, for example the equipment shown in
The base station 101, which includes a plurality of RCSs 104, 105, 110 made in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 4. For simplicity, only one RCS 104 is shown. The base station 101 includes a receiver section 302 and a transmitter section 304. An antenna 306 receives a signal from the subscriber unit, which is filtered by a band-pass filter 308 having a bandwidth equal to twice the chip rate and a center frequency equal to the center frequency of the spread spectrum system's bandwidth. The output of the filter 308 is down-converted by a mixer 310 to a baseband signal using a constant frequency (Fc) local oscillator. The output of the mixer 310 is then spread spectrum decoded at each modem by applying a PN sequence to a mixer 312 within the PN Rx generator 314. The output of the mixer 316 is then forwarded to the RDU 318.
A baseband signal is received from the RDU 318. Preferably, a 32 kb/s ADPCM signal is used. The ADPCM or PCM signal is applied to a mixer 322 within a PN Tx generator 324. The mixer 322 multiplies the ADPCM or PCM data signal with the PN sequence. The output of the mixer 322 is applied to low-pass filter 326 whose cutoff frequency is equal to the system chip rate. The output of the filter 326 is then applied to a mixer 328 and suitably up-converted, as determined by the carrier frequency Fc applied to the other terminal. The up-converted signal is then passed through a band-pass filter 330 and to a broadband RF amplifier 332 which drives an antenna 334. Although two antennas 306, 334 are shown, the preferred embodiment includes a diplexer and only one antenna for transmission and reception. The digital signal processor (DSP) 336 controls the acquisition process as well as the Rx and Tx PN generators 314, 324.
The system provides a wireless link between the RCS 104 and the plurality of subscriber units 111-118. In order to conserve as much bandwidth as possible, the system selectively allots the bandwidth required for supporting the data transmission rate required by particular communication. In this manner, the system ensures that the bandwidth is utilized efficiently. For example, referring back to Table 1, voiced communications may be effectively transmitted across a 32 kb/s adaptive pulse code modulation (ADPCM) channel. However, a high speed facsimile or data modem signal requires at least a 64 k/bs PCM signal to reliably transmit the communication. Additionally, although a subscriber unit 115 has paid for ISDN service, which includes two 64 kb/s B channels and one 16 kb/s channel, the entire ISDN capacity is rarely utilized at all times. Many different data transmission rates may also be utilized by originating and terminating nodes.
The originating and terminating nodes may comprise computers, facsimile machines, automatic calling and answering equipment, data networks or any combination of this equipment. For robust communication of data it is imperative to ensure that the communication system switches to the data transmission rate required by the communicating nodes prior to the transmission of any data. The system must be able to effectively allocate bandwidth and dynamically switch between these data communication rates on demand by the user. Modification of the transmission rate from a low rate (that supports voice communication) to a high rate (that supports encoded data communication) ensures that data will be reliably and quickly transmitted over a communication channel. Additionally, if an ISDN D channel is presently allocated and one or two B channels are required, the system must ensure that the code generators are activated in order to support the communication.
For POTS, there are two basic scenarios where the bearer channel (TRCH channel) is either modified or a new bearer channel is added or torn down. First, the bearer channel is modified from 32 kb/s coded ADPCM type to 64 kb/s uncoded PCM service to support a facsimile transmission. Second, a new bearer channel is added or torn down when the subscriber goes off hook while an OA&M (overhead, administration and maintenance) call is in progress, or when an OA&M call is initiated while a POTS call is in progress. While an OA&M silent call is in progress, the subscriber unit 112 can determine that the user is initiating a new POTS call by monitoring the changes at the A/B interface between the subscriber unit 112 and the communication equipment 170 (on-hook/off-hook sensor). More detail regarding the dynamic allocation of bandwidth for POTS may be found in an application entitled CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (CDMA) COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, Patent Application Ser. No. Not Yet Known, filed Mar. 11, 1997, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/669,775, filed Jun. 27, 1996 by Lomp et al., which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth.
For ISDN service, the dynamic bandwidth allocation refers to selective allocation of the D and B channels in a D, D and B, or D and 2B bearer channel configuration as needed and tearing them down when they are idle. The ISDN D channel carries control messaging and cannot be torn down while the ISDN call is still active. Accordingly, dynamic bandwidth allocation for ISDN service only relates to the addition and tearing down of B channels.
The procedure 400 for dynamic allocation of bandwidth for ISDN service in accordance with the present invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5. When an ISDN call is initiated, the D channel is established first (step 402). The bandwidth required for the particular application is communicated from the calling ISDN equipment to the called ISDN equipment through messages on the D channel (step 404). These messages are in HDLC format and the RCS 104 monitors these messages via an HDLC interface (step 406). Once the RCS 104 determines how many B channels are required (step 408) it initiates establishment-of these bearer channels over the air interface (step 410). The RCS continues monitoring the HDLC messages on the D channel during the ISDN call (step 412) and determines if additional B channels are to be switched in or out. In case that additional B channels should be switched in or out, the RCS 104 initiates the establishment or tearing down of the bearer channels over the air interface (step 414).
A flow diagram showing simplified procedure 600 of the bearer channel establishment will be described with reference to
After the subscriber unit 111 receives the SYNC-OK message on the CTCH (step 624), it sends the access request message on the AXCH (step 626). Upon receiving the request (step 628) the RCS 104 confirms receipt of the AXCH message with a message on CTCH (step 630), which includes the assigned code seed. The subscriber unit 111 detects and acknowledges the bearer confirmation message that carries the assigned code seed on the AXCH (steps 632 and 634), which the RCS 104 detects (step 636). The code switchover is now negotiated and subscriber unit 111 and RCS 104 simultaneously switch to using the assigned code (steps 638 and 640). The bearer channel is now established.
The layered protocol of the communications between the subscriber unit 111 and the RCS 104 is shown in
As shown in
When there is a POTS service call in progress and the RCS 104 initiates an OA&M call to the same subscriber unit 111, the procedure as shown in
The bearer channel establishment for ISDN will be explained with reference to
The bearer channels for POTS and ISDN is switched in or out via the same message flow. Whether the bearer channel is switched in or out is indicated by appropriate values in corresponding fields of the D channel messages. Therefore the flow diagram in
Although the invention has been described in part by making detailed reference to certain specific embodiments, such details is intended to be instructive rather than restrictive. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many variations may be made in the structure and mode of operation without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed in the teachings herein.
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U.S. Classification | 370/335, 455/452.1, 370/468, 370/329 |
International Classification | H04L29/08, H04J13/16, H04B1/707, H04L12/56, H04Q11/04, H04W76/06, H04W24/00, H04W36/06, H04W76/02, H04W28/22, H04W72/04, H04W84/14, H04W74/00 |
Cooperative Classification | H04W72/044, H04W52/42, H04W28/22, H04B7/2628, H04W88/02, H04J3/16, H04W52/267, H04L5/0053, H04Q2213/13294, H04Q2213/13204, H04W88/08, H04Q2213/1307, H04Q2213/13174, H04W84/14, H04W72/0406, H04B1/707, H04B2201/70703, H04Q2213/13209, H04J13/16, H04Q11/0435, H04W76/02, H04W36/06, H04W24/00, H04Q2213/13098, H04W72/0453, H04Q2213/13208, H04W76/06, H04Q2213/13332 |
European Classification | H04J13/16, H04W72/04H4, H04B1/707, H04W72/04F, H04W84/14, H04Q11/04S1 |
Date | Code | Event | Description |
Oct 25, 2005 | CC | Certificate of correction | |
Jan 15, 2009 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 4 |
Jan 16, 2013 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 8 |


text:
Thursday, March 27, 2008
Dogs on Thursday!!
Well...for this weeks Dogs on Thursday, I wanted to share a picture of Abby. Here is a picture of my stinky dog laying in bed and look at that face. You know she knows she's not supposed to be there. This reminds me why I try to make my bed when I get out of it. :) Jackjack does the same thing.She is too cute!!
Well...I missed the Thankful Tuesday and Wedding Wednesday post this week. I'm sorry. We haven't really been doing much planning lately. Other than narrowing down the guest list and sending the save the dates, we haven't done much. We are thinking of details but haven't' actually made any decisions. I hope to have something to share next week.
I hope everyone is having a great week!! I'm ready for the weekend and the start of Spring Break!!
19 comments:
you think YOU have a stinky dog...you should have seen what my little Remy-girl did yesterday....
We spent a whole hour at the dog park. She was very good about not going into the lake left by snowmelt the whole time. Then, just as we were getting ready to leave, she started on a zoomy-fest and not only splashed around in the puddle, but LAY DOWN in it! Not to mention luring Payton in, though with his short hair, nothing really sticks to him.
No bed for her! (though to be fair, they aren't allowed on her bed, and we didn't kick her off the couch, with her soggy, stinky self...) :-)Your dogs are so sweet. I am so excited--we had our dog put to sleep 2 years and 9 months ago and have yet to get another one. Tomorrow I am bringing home a 2 year old, house trained, Fixed loveable jack russell. We have dog sat her and she is a sweet dog. My daughter's--one of 2--this one did not adjust well to the new baby. So we will once again have a dog.
ReplyDeleteAbby is such a little darlin'. I love that look of guilty pleasure on her face. She is enjoying every single second in case she gets kicked off. Charlotte does the same exact thing. I have to make my side of the bed as soon as I get up, because seconds later, she is up and all snuggled into my pillow.
Enjoy your break!Yeah I've given up on the dog on the bed thing, too. He outsmarted us and figured out that once we were asleep he could jump up on the bed and curl up with us and we wouldn't notice. I mean we'd kick him off when we woke up but he'd already been there for 7 hours so what was the point. finally we just gave in.
ReplyDeleteWe never used to let our boys sleep in the bed until one of our dogs died unexpectedly a few years ago of cancer. After that, it was pretty much what the dogs want, the dogs get, within reason.
If this is a repeat posting, my apologies. Tried last night and Blogger and WordPress didn't seem to like each other.

subset: commoncrawl


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Improving Patient Engagement with Electronic Health Records
One of the benefits of the meaningful use of EHRs is patient empowerment, enabling patients to take a more active role in their health care. In turn, EHR vendors are currently developing more tools and avenues for patient engagement. Epic President, Carl Dvorak, described some ideas they are developing for "MyChart," Epic's patient facing app, at the recent Partners Healthcare Connected Health Symposium. /rv


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Skullcandy S2SYDA-008 Merge Earbud Headphones - Black/Chrome
" Upon initial listening with these buds, I was rather unimpressed as I heard the rather familiar bloated mid-bass, sharp highs, and lack of mids that SKDY's old line carried. Then I realized that I still had my source EQ'd to Vocal Booster. Changed over to R&B and wow, night and day difference. The Merge are greatly influenced by an EQ, with the R&B setting completely bring the..." --KodaO
Skullcandy Fix In Ear Headphone With 3 Button Remote - White / Chrome
"I've seen the Fix around with the standard SKDY set ups in RadioShack and other stores, but they were usually an unattractive 79.99$. I found them at TJ Maxx (Apparently always has Uptowns for 40$) and decided to throw the 15$ they were asking for them and try them out. They are awesome basshead buds!! They sound very good, no exaggerations. Seperation, imagery, soundstage are all..." --KodaO
Skullcandy S2TTBZ-BZ Titan Earbuds, (Black)
" i loved the sound quality. good for everything. not bloated bass, but if you threw on some bass-heavy music they would thump. yet if the music was not bass-heavy it was not intrusive. they look cool, and are made of a cool metal. iono what it is. get some complys for it. the wire is going. one of the buds is crackling in and out when the sire moves. " --Skoobs
Skullcandy INK'D Earbuds (Green)
"First of all, I gave these a 3 star mostly for their price. At about 9 bucks they are about the cheapest headphones around. I mean, who is going to pass up a deal like that. They are dirt cheap and really easy to find at about any store you can name. But you aren't reading this review just for there price. Lets check em out. Sound quality If your looking at from an..." --Bassbanger101
Skullcandy S2IKDZ-003 Ink'd 2.0 - Black/Black
"SO HERE WE GO I like em alot ,fun colors so each kid can have their own ,read no fighting, l ve read they sounded best of the three available and l agree clean sound over all ,not thumpy but clear bass!! Think these be great for rock tunes !! These are light and comfortable to wear and to put in .Semi flat cable is sturdy and tangle free and l got these for my teen NOW l think l want my own..." --drkrazyrich
Skullcandy INK'D Earbuds (Purple)
Anything you wear on your head affects your appearance. As an interim step toward face tattoo, consider grooving to the beat of your own drum with INK'D s. Rock hard, look good, stay mad at the world and save enough money to buy INK'D in all ten colors.
Skullcandy 50/50 - Headset ( in-ear ear-bud ) - white, chrome
" These are quite good sounding for the price. The sound is well balanced and nothing overpowers anything else. The design is also quite nice. The major flaw with this and most other Skullcandy products is that they pretty much break in a month. I treat my stuff well and these only survived for around 3 months. " --TheBrutux168
RedGiant A00 Malleus Solid Metal In-Ear Headphones
" At around $65 USD (but also priced just over $40 USD in Taiwan), the entry-level Malleus is an economic tour-de-force. It does come with a much sparser set of accessories than the A03, with no felt carry case, no extreme bass-sealing tips or silicone elastomer rings (according to RedGiant, both may be included in future revisions), but it doesn't mean RedGiant skimped on the Malleus. ..." --tomscy2000
RedGiant A03 Ossicle Dual Driver In-Ear Headphones with Remote
" ****The following is riddled with hyperbole and flowery, long-winded writing; if you're not interested in any of these things, please skip to the SUMMARY section, or close down your internet browser, slam your mouse down in disgust, and curse me. Also, the pictures are again taken with a sub-par camera, as my camera has been undergoing numerous maintenance changes. What is..." --tomscy2000
RedGiant A04 Incus Solid Metal In-Ear Headphones
Durable construction and a powerful sound signature make the Incus a perfect choice for your daily use in-ear headphone. A solid cast zinc-alloy shell directs the energy from the tuned 12mm drivers into producing thick, rich bass instead of flexing or vibrating the housing. The solid build and sound quality offered by the Incus make it a go-to tool worthy of even the most discerning audio...


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Free at Last
The moment he walked out of the gates of York County prison in Pennsylvania on Friday, Abraham Zuma literally kissed the ground. The gesture symbolized more than his jubilation at being released from three years of detention by the Immigration and Naturalization Service while he waited for his asylum application to crawl through the system. Stepping beyond those gates also meant that in the eyes of U.S. law, which doesnt recognize would-be immigrants it apprehends at airports as actually having entered the countryno matter how long they are detainedthe Kenyan refugee was finally regarded as having arrived on American soil.
"I'm still not believing it," Zuma said on Sunday, sitting back in a stuffed chair in a Montclair, New Jersey, living room, where a local family is putting him up until he can find work and housing. "It's been so long since I have been free." In addition to being held for the last several months in York, Zuma spent some two and a half years in the windowless former warehouse in Elizabeth, New Jersey, that holds 300 undocumented asylum seekers who are apprehended at JFK or Newark airports. Like many of the roughly 5000 asylum seekers currently detained by the INS, Zuma tells a harrowing tale of persecution and flight: six years in a Kenyan prison, where he was tortured for participating in a demonstration in favor of a multiparty government; nine months in a makeshift, underground cell, where his own party held him after his release, charging that he had betrayed them to authorities; an escape as a stowaway on a ship that docked in Venezuela, where he met another month of incarceration; and finally, arrival in the U.S., where he plunged down the befuddling and depressing rabbit hole of America's restrictive immigration policy.
A slash over Zuma's right eye that pulls his eyelid up into a perpetual expression of inquisitiveness is only the most visible sign of the violence he experiencedthe result of a rifle butt smashing into his face at the multiparty demonstration. Under the Seton Hall sweatshirt he sported on Sunday, Zuma's chest, back, and arms bear welts and scars caused by heated irons his Kenyan jailers used to scorch his skin. He declined to describe the other means of torture he endured, saying that he couldn't discuss such things with a female journalist.
Still, Zuma's initial request for asylum was denied. That outcome offers a stark example of the arbitrary nature of INS judgments. Zuma had also written an application for the illiterate friend with whom he'd been jailed in Kenya and with whom he made the long journeyand that man's plea was granted immediately. Zuma languished in Elizabeth, and even after he found an attorney through the American Friends Service Committee who would file his appeal, a full year passed before the INS provided the transcript of his initial hearingand only then could the attorney prepare his case.
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Like other long-term INS detainees, Zuma suffered from the monotony, the lack of sunlight, and especially the utter uncertainty of his fate. "Criminals in prison know what their sentence is," he notes. "But refugees stay inside. You have no idea when you might get out, and also you have the fear they might send you back to the place you had to run away from." The hopelessness so got to Zuma that he attempted suicide several times during his detention, once banging his head against a wall until he drew blood. Zuma was sent to local hospitalswhere he was shackled to the bed and issued antidepressants. "But I wasn't sick, I'm not sick," he insists. "It was the frustration, the situation, the system."
Authorities at Elizabeth have acknowledged that a detainee attempts or threatens suicide every 40 days, and experts on torture say that the stress of indefinite incarceration, combined with the aftereffects of trauma, deepens despair. What is more, say immigrant advocates, the conditions at Elizabethand at the other facilities around the country where the INS holds some 20,000 detaineesare substandard and inhumane. Last month, two asylum seekers filed a federal civil rights suit alleging abuses in Elizabeth.
Last year alone, detainees there engaged in several hunger strikes to protest their lengthy incarceration. In late August, an asylum seeker from Albania fellor jumpedduring a fire drill at the facility and died four weeks later from the head injuries. And the detainees bringing the lawsuit allege that guardsunder the supervision of the private prison company that manages the facility, the Corrections Corporation of America had beaten, verbally abused, and mistreated them, holding one for more than a week in a cell smeared with human feces. After a lengthy investigation by the Bergen Record last spring documented such claims, several supervisors and guards were barred from going near detainees, a warden resigned, and the chief of security was removed. Nonetheless, INS district director Andrea Quarantillo hails the Elizabeth facility as "the national model of detention centers" since its reopening in 1997 after detainees tore the place apart in a 1995 protest riot. And according to INS spokesperson Lynn Durko, the agency renewed CCA's Elizabeth contract in December.
At about the same time, the INS put an end to one of the few programs that offered some solace to detainees, when Quarantillo abruptly canceled Bible study and English language classes that had been conducted by Jesuit Refugee Services for two and a half years, after objecting to a passage from Matthew being part of the lesson plan. It states: "I was a stranger and you invited me in. . . . I was in prison and you came to visit me." Pastoral visits were also suspended. "The Newark District of the INS has no objection to Matthew 25 or any other Bible passage and does not seek to censor them," said district director Quarantillo in a statement released in late December. "We only request that detention issues should not be included in the lesson plans." Durko explains that JRS volunteers "aren't qualified to talk about detention and therefore are passing misinformation. That builds up hopes and then frustrates people."
Abraham Zuma, for one, places the blame for his frustrations in detention on the sluggish system and harsh conditions, not on the visitors who offered him the sympathy he thought America would extend to any refugee. "They were helping me so much," he says, "just because they feel for the people."
On March 9, a new Bible study course began, offered by several Episcopalian groups, which had to agree not to discuss detention issues. That's not a problem for Reverend Joe Parrish, who runs the program. "We have no reason to discuss detention," he says. "We don't have a clue or inkling of the law or of how the process works."
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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
I am already spayed, up to date with shots, good with kids, good with dogs, and good with cats.
Pets are visited by appointment (times are flexible). Please email email@example.com to arrange a meeting time. This process allows potential adopters to spend adequate time with their prospective pet and prevents long wait times.
All interested parties must fill out an Adoption Application, which will be reviewed to find the best possible match. You can find our application online at: http://www.thepetrescuecenter.org/adopt/adoption-application.html. Completed applications can be submitted online, faxed to (949) 743-5878 or emailed to: email@example.com
Our adoption fee is $300 for dogs and $150 for cats, and includes spay/neuter, microchip, flea treatment, deworming, regular veterinary check-ups, and current vaccinations. This fee helps to defray the costs of medical care, supplies and boarding while the animals are in our care.
The Pet Rescue Center is a 501c3 non-profit organization that seeks to reduce unnecessary euthanasia of dogs and cats in at-risk situations and is temporarily housed inside the Alicia Pet Care Center at 25800 Jeronimo Rd. Suite 100, Mission Viejo, CA 92691.
Tyga, a Mission Viejo Domestic Shorthair kitten was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Domestic Shorthair for sale in Mission Viejo, or seeking a Domestic Shorthair kitten from a breeder in Mission Viejo.


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ECU offers innovative and practical courses across a variety of disciplines and we have a vibrant research culture. ECU is a leader in developing alternative entry pathways to higher education.
We have three campuses in Western Australia. Joondalup and Mount Lawley in the Perth metropolitan area and our South West campus in Bunbury, 200km south of the Perth CBD.
ECU provides a variety of services and facilities that go beyond the classroom, with opportunities for personal development and social interaction for students and staff.
At ECU we concentrate our research in areas of strength to deliver tangible outcomes.
There are several ways to get involved with research at ECU.
ECU has a lively research community that is committed to supporting research students.
Our Office of Research and Innovation provides comprehensive support services to researchers.
Mutually beneficial ECU collaborations and partnerships with industry, educators and the wider community.
Our partnerships with Registered Training Organisations provide pathways for students to enter higher education.
ECU is a leader in the rapidly emerging area of simulated learning and teaching in health.
We welcome the general community to engage in events on-campus.
Part of the Perth International Arts Festival, the Lotterywest Film season starts 29 November at Joondalup Pines Outdoor Cinema.
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My responsibilities are to provide support in the running of the clinical practicum units. I assist in the preparation and maintaince of the equipment for the practiums as well as maintaining the 6 demonstration wards (4x10 beds 2x4beds). Timetabling and bookings for the demonstration wards and museum are booked through us.
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Memorial Day is almost upon us, and while this day may bring to mind BBQ, baseball and the start of summer, I hope we all take a moment to reflect on the real reason for this holiday – the remembrance of lives lost in the service of our country.
Freedom is not free – it is paid for by the sacrifices of brave men and women in uniform who gave their lives in defense of America. Memorial Day is when we remember and honor these heroes.
But, Memorial Day also serves as a reminder to give thanks for those veterans still with us, who willingly risk their lives every day around the globe.
Let us honor our American heroes – living and fallen – not just on Memorial Day but every day, and let us give thanks for their many sacrifices on our behalf.
Learn more about Memorial Day and the "Top 10" ways to honor veterans at mymemorialday.org, a website created by The National WWII Museum in New Orleans.


text: The BMW i8's Three-Cylinder Sounds Like A Ferocious DemonMichael Ballaban3/25/14 1:40pmFiled to: BMW i8BMW2015 BMW i8546EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkWorried that the BMW i8, BMW's new flagship hybrid sports car with a three-cylinder engine mated to an electric motor would sound like a misfiring Smart Car attached to a sparking dentist's drill? Worry no more, because it sounds like a savage Bavarian brute.AdvertisementThis particular i8 is a test model with BMW's Active Sound Design disabled, so it might not be exactly what the exotic Bimmer's owners will hear. Bimmerpost says that some BMW owners have found a workaround on that, but be that as it may, it looks like ASD won't be modifying the engine note, just muffling it. In more hardcore modes, it'll probably sound pretty close to what's audible here.Our hybrid future will not be silent, and it will be awesome.H/t to Battery Tender Unnecessary on Oppo!


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Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium fish care and resources
- Beginner Freshwater Aquarium
- - play sand
play sand ok im sure there are a million threads about this and im sure its a simple fix but i really wana make sure im doing the right thing befor i go ahead and add my fish so here it is..... im new to breeding fish so far iv been working with mollies just to get a feal for what it takes to care for the fish and fry. iv had 3 female mollies and 1 male mollie in a 55g tank for some time and have had lots of fry whitch go into a smaller tank as im able to catch them. my problem is in my 55g tank i decided to use river rock (about 1 inch per stone) as my gravle and my fry hide deep within so its very hard to catch them with a net befor they get eaten or end up getting stuck in the rock. so as a solution iv decided to move my millies to a 30g tank with sand and haveing it well planted for the fry. anyways iv washed the sand whitch took forever whitch i knew was going to and after placeing it in the tank and slowly filling the tank with water useing a dish to pour on as not to stir up to much my tank has become a milky white cloudy tank. iv run the filter (whisper 40 power filter) for 2 days now with no change (and yes i changed the inlet to be higher so i dont suck sand). i also turned the filter off for a day to see if that would help. so here i am asking if anyone else has had this happen and what i should do (besides get rid of the sand lol). i was thinking maybe do a complete water change but hopeing i wont have to. please any sugestions will be helpfull. |
If there aren't any fish in it.you can actually do a water change. The particles are too small to be trapped in the filter.that's why it's always floating around in the tank. |
there are no fish or anything in there yet iv been afraid to add anything. |
no fish thats so easy.do water changes every day. my tank had the same problem.sometimes i do as much as 90% water change when it's too cloudy.this went on for about a week. each time the filter got clogged i used the old aquarium water to wash the filter media.plus you can put add clear in. it'd s type of liquid that binds to the smaller particles and help it stick to the filter medium. |
Just curious, when you do a water change are you using a gravel vac or another method? |
i did a few water changes and the cloudyness improved alot but its still a lil bit. i have well water so when i cycle a tank its really fast plus i used my water from my 55g to help fill the 30g and everything came out perfect. i gave in and put my plants and fish in a little while ago like i said its still a lil cloudy but they dont seem to mind. ill have to get some of that stuff and try it out. thankes |
yay water is crystal clear now fish are happy and so arnt the plants... pics soon to come ty for the help =) |
congrats =) pics pics pics yay!!!! |
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TOWN OF WALLKILL — The Greater Hudson Valley Health System — made up of Catskill Regional Medical Center and Orange Regional Medical Center — in partnership with iTriage, now offers smartphone users a free health care app that provides information about medical conditions, possible treatments, services offered by local health care providers and more.
The free consumer iTriage app enables residents in nearby communities to find detailed information about Catskill Regional Medical Center and Orange Regional Medical Center, such as hospital services, specialties, directions and links to social media.
The app also lets users research medical symptoms and conditions, learn about possible causes and treatment options, find medication information for treatment of a specific condition and access a nationwide database of hospitals, urgent care facilities and physicians.
iTriage is available as a free download for iPhone and Android phones and is accessible from any Internet-enabled device at iTriageHealth.com.
Instant health info available through free iTriage app
Apr 23, 2013 at 2:00 AM


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Artist description:
Looking after my twin granddaughters tonight, they just turned 4 a few days ago. They both helped me with this drawing. : ) It was so wonderful to draw with them!
Canvas Draw Created Dec 17, 2011 338 x 470px Unless noted Copyright 2011 StephZenie.
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What a nice christmas tree ^-^ 5/5 So sweet that you and the twins worked together on it
oh i have 2 grand kids who love to draw iwht me once in awhile they take over *LOL*... i also have twin grand kids on the way.. they are a boy and girl...


text: I aquired an old Miniature Aircraft Kit 1000, distributed in the mid 80's. With it came an OS Max .50 engine. That engine has now quit. From the looks of it, it only needs a piston, ring, and head shim. But the only thing I can find is an OS Max .50 SX at Tower Hobbies. I called them and the technical department says the parts for the 50 SX will not work on the engine I have. The specs say the piston is 22mm in diameter. As best I can tell with a metric ruler, so is the one I have that needs replacing. I'd much rather spend $65.00 getting the parts to repair my engine, even though it is old, than to spend $200.00 + to get a new one. Can anyone validate the information I got? Are the parts from the 50 SX really not interchangeable with the older 50 that I have? Here are some pics of what I have. There are no other identifiers on this engine other than OS Max 50. The carb is a 5B, and on the backplate is "5107". Other than those, there are no other markings.


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Dale Steyn and Hashim Amla have been named in South Africa's T20I squad that will take on Pakistan in a two match series that will be played early next month at the United Arab Emirates.
Amla last played for South Africa in the T20I World Cup held in Sri Lanka in August, 2012 before taking a break from the shortest format of the game on his own accord. "Hashim is a world-class player across all the formats," commented Cricket South Africa (CSA) selection convener Andrew Hudson. "His experience and stability at the top of the order are qualities that we believe will strengthen the squad in a key area."
Farhaan Behardien, Rory Kleinveldt and Chris Morris are the notable causalities from the team that played Sri Lanka in August, 2013.
With Steyn back as well, South Africa are ideally placed to play a full strength team for the two match series. "It is great to have Dale back," added Hudson, "as it means we now have all our senior players available again."
Hudson was also pleased with the form showed by Henry Davids in the recently concluded World T20 league. "There was also some encouraging form shown at the Champions League T20, notably by Henry Davids, who was unquestionably the batsman of the tournament until the Titans were knocked out", he said.
The two matches will be played at the Dubai International Cricket Stadium on November 13th and 15th respectively.
Squad: Faf du Plessis (c), Hashim Amla, Henry Davids, Quinton de Kock (wk), AB de Villiers, JP Duminy, Imran Tahir, Ryan McLaren, David Miller, Morne Morkel, Wayne Parnell, Aaron Phangiso, Dale Steyn, Lonwabo Tsotsobe, David Wiese.
Steyn, Amla back in SA T20I side
Cricbuzz Staff in Bangalore •
Steyn and Amla are back in the SA T20I squad for the upcoming series against Pakistan. © Getty
© Cricbuzz (with inputs from agencies)
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For those not familiar with the brand and inquired about them in the past,
Lite-On LTR-32123S CDRW review at the following link,
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A view from the top | [ Sizes: Orig | Large | Med | Small | Thumb ] | |||
Unfortunately, this pic just doesn't give a feel for the view that you get from up on Y Mountain (west summit). Of course, the lighting wasn't helped with the approaching storm system and all the cloudiness but even in perfect conditions, a pic is no substitute for the real thing. A great hike for visitors to this area. 11-27-07 | Image Data
Image ID: 360898 Hits: 1159 Lat/Lon: 40.25200°N / 111.6115°W Object Title: A view from the top |


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I held off buying into digital, waiting for Nikon to match Canon's sensor size. Finally I broke down and bought Nikons and lenses. Now I'm upset that they've introduced the nearly 35mm size format. Since I sold my 35 gear, now I'll buy Canon digital and lenses.
Please comment briefly on your thoughts on Nikon's move to offer a full-frame sensor and how it might affect your buying decisions in the future.
Full-frame certainly is advantageous on the wide-end. Too, Nikon has thrown a lot of doubt into where they are going from here. From a buying perspective, I will be unlikely to buy Nikon DX lenses - not wanting to get "stuck" with a lens that is limited to DX format cameras.
I think Nikon must keep in-line with what it is doing -- market share dictates tha larger sensors do not mean better images. What Nikon has to do is stop playing patsie to Canon, come out with a digital consumer camera in the 20mp range to shut Canon down period.
Full-frame misses the point. It is an attempt to use old style (film) lenses on digital sensors. It appears only really good and really expensive lenses will work. I prefer optimized digital such as Olympus 4:3 which designs superior, but less expensive optimized digital lenses. Of course APS-C also has excellent optimized digital lenses too.
I look forward to my lenses performing as they would on a 35mm film camera. The larger sensor will either have more pixels or larger pixels. I like Nikon's approach of using larger pixels, which provide benefits in terms of dynamic range and low noise.
I have a Canon 30D, and I'm satisfied with it, but I always want the one that's better, the 5D. I find my cropping sometimes needs adjustment. Basically I can be happy with the APS-C sensor, although I may be less clear about the difference as I thought.
- You Can Make Your Images Better by NOT Doing These 10 Things in Photoshop (VIDEO)
- Take Better Portraits in Direct Sunlight with This Tutorial from Fashion Pro Lou Freeman (VIDEO)
- Getting Started in Photoshop? Here's How to Use Layer Masks to Edit Difficult Images (VIDEO)
- Add Some Pizzazz to Your Portraits with These Cheap and Creative DIY Tricks (VIDEO)
- Freebie Alert: Get the "National Geographic Guide to Photography" with This Free PDF Download


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BOSTON, Mass. – Sophomore Brandon Stroud (Clarksville, Ind.) snapped a 2-all tie with 1:37 left in regulation as the Western New England hockey team spoiled Wentworth's home opener, 3-2, in the ECAC Northeast opener for both squads. The win was the first-ever victory for the Golden Bears at Matthews Arena, having gone 0-11 in the previous 11 meetings.
Western New England wasted little time getting on the board as the visitors took advantage of an early power-play opportunity. At the 42-second mark, freshman William Preston (Shakopee, Minn.) set up junior Chris Connors who beat Leopard netminder Joel Miller (Calgary, Alta.) to the glove side. Stroud and junior John Kelly (Staten Island, N.Y.) set up junior Brian Prost (Parma, Ohio) on the power play, giving the Golden Bears a 2-0 lead at 10:39.
An intense second period saw Wentworth outshoot Western New England by a 14-8 margin, but neither team would find the back of the net. The Leopards had a chance, while, on a five-minute power play, sophomore Kevin Crowe (Galloway, N.J.) was awarded a penalty shot after a Golden Bear skater covered the puck up in the crease. Crowe's attempt was wide, keeping the lead at 2-0 after 40:00 of play.
The Leopards broke the ice at 5:16 of the third when senior Shaun Jameson (Long Beach, Calif.) scored off passes from Crowe and junior Andrew Yarber (Livonia, Mich.). A Western New England penalty at 15:30 saw the Black & Gold use its time out and just 12 seconds later tie the game when sophomore Mike Domsodi (Kirkland, Que.) scored from Yarber and Crowe.
While Wentworth continued to apply pressure in hopes of completing its second comeback in as many nights, it was Stroud who took a pass from Kelly and beat Miller for the 3-2 lead. Miller was pulled for an extra attacker with 1:19 left but, despite two shots on goal for the Leopards, the Golden Bears held on for the win. Wentworth held a 21-11 shot advantage in the third frame.
Junior Eric Sorensen (Fairport, N.Y.) made 40 saves – including 19 in the third period – to pick up the win. Miller made 24 saves. Wentworth held a 42-27 shot advantage and a 39-36 face-off advantage.
Western New England improves to 2-1-0 overall and 1-0 in ECAC Northeast play. The Golden Bears host Curry next Thursday night. Wentworth, which saw its 12 game, regular-season unbeaten streak come to an end, falls to 2-1-1 (0-1) and is at Johnson & Wales on Wednesday.
Late Goal Lifts Western New England Past Hockey Team
Western New England
Final | 1 | 2 | 3 | T |
Western New England (2-1-0, 1-0 ECACNE) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Wentworth (2-1-1, 0-1 ECACNE) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Nov 08, 2012


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Subject: | Character Names |
Author: | ClementineFox7 (Authenticated as ClementineFox7) |
Date: | October 12, 2012 at 12:51:59 PM |
I'm working on getting characters created for a new story to work on for NaNoWriMo. I'd like some opinions on the character names (are they believable, do any sound too similar, etc). These characters are from modern day NYC and are unwillingly chosen to work on a devise that keeps the world from falling apart.Males:
Emerson Healy (12)
Taylor Devereaux (14), sister Ruby (12)
Erik Dion Fletcher (18)
Noah Yi (18)
James Holloway (22), twin sister Janey
Elam Fisher (24), brothers Hananiah, Jericho, and Canaan
Lee Hotchkin (25)
Todd Perello (28)
Jensen Nervetti (28), brother Blaine
Bradley Dawson (31)
Silas Black (34)
Glen Worlidge (34)
Mikhail Markov "Misha" (40), children Aleksei, Viktor, Raisa, Zina, Timur, and KlaraFemales:
Adelaide Westbrook (10), siblings Brady, Lexa, Mason, Landon, and Mia
Mallory Baker (13), sister Lucy
Alyssa Rey (15), siblings Brea, Jojo, Lara, and Larue
Ariana Porter (19)
Jonquil Meyer (23), sister Jasmine
Annette Lichtenberg (27), daughter Gracyn
Violette Laurent (30)
Marla Spickett "Marley" (42), daughter Sloane (3), son Maxwell (3)
Sharise Lawson (46), children Deshawn (18), Tyreese (12), Kion (12), and Jazara (5)
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Boise, again, asks city to lower wastewater rate
Representatives for Boise Cascade are again requesting that the city of St. Helens lower their facility's wastewater rates to more accurately reflect the wood-pulp manufacturer's decreasing output into the city's secondary wastewater lagoon.
The decision is conjuring feelings of déjà vu among city councilors, who just two months ago approved a new wastewater rate for the facility, which would eventually decrease from 67 to 60.5 percent of the city's total effluent output.
Tim Sawabe, Boise Cascade's controller, has requested the city take another look at the facility's wastewater rates, Sawabe said. Boise would like the city to follow the recommendation of a joint city-Boise advisory committee and drop the rate to as low as 54 percent.
'Boise cannot afford to subsidize city services,' Sawabe told city officials at a Wednesday afternoon work session.
City Council's June decision called for a phased 6.5 percent decrease in Boise's wastewater rate over a 12-month period.
Boise Cascade's output is consistent with the 54 percent figure, however. The company projects that to drop as low as 52 percent by March 2011.
If councilors agree to the rate decrease, a clause in the agreement would require Boise to pay extra if the company increases its effluent output.
In June, Boise officials seemed to accept the city's plan for a phased decrease. At the recent work session, City Councilor Doug Morten lamented having to return to the issue, saying it should have been worked out two months ago.
Others on City Council said it would be unfair to St. Helens residents to continue dropping the rates. Wastewater rates have increased in recent years and will likely do so in the future, regardless of the city's decision on Boise's water rates.
'We've all had huge rate increases,' said Councilor Phil Barlow, who's become a critic of Boise Cascade. 'It's not just your numbers.'
St. Helens Mayor Randy Peterson will again not participate in the negotiation because his brother continues to work at the facility.


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text: News Alumnus Uncovers Ancient Medicine Along Silk Road Thursday, October 30, 2014Sean Bradley, ND, MSAOM, traces the path of medicinal myrrh from Arabia to China with a renowned Smithsonian scholar.Read more » Why You Shouldn't Be Scared of Ebola Friday, October 24, 2014Protect yourself from the bigger threat of cold and flu with these safety and immune-boosting tips.Read more » Cancer Researchers Present Turkey Tail Findings in Japan Wednesday, October 22, 2014Bastyr researchers present findings from an FDA-approved clinical trial to the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology.Read more » Hydrotherapy: The Wonder Medicine Hidden in Plain Sight Thursday, October 16, 2014A new campus lab helps students learn a therapy that harkens back to the roots of naturopathic medicine.Read more » Herbal Cures for Fall Allergies - Jamey Wallace on Q13 News Seattle (Video) Wednesday, October 15, 2014We associate seasonal allergies with springtime, but fall allergies can be just as troublesome. Learn about nettle tea and other natural treatments.Read more » 7 Questions to Ask Yourself When Choosing a Health Sciences Program Tuesday, October 14, 2014Some questions you may find useful in considering a study program.Read more » Announcing the Center for Social Justice and Diversity Thursday, October 2, 2014Cross-campus initiative will lead University's commitment to promoting the health and well-being of all people. Read more » Walking Her Talk, Growing Her Medicine: Professor Jenn Dazey's Home Clinic Thursday, October 2, 2014Students train together across programs at the garden and clinic of Jenn Dazey.Read more » Fall is Here, and So Are The Students Wednesday, October 1, 2014The start of the new school year brings a fresh class, renewed excitement.Read more » Convocation Inspires the Bastyr Community as a New School Year Begins Tuesday, September 30, 2014First official day of classes kicks off with thought-provoking words and major announcements.Read more » « first ‹ previous … 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 … next › last » View all » Events Apr 22Experience Bastyr San Diego Jun 02Bastyr Experience: Doctorate in Naturopathic Medicine Jun 02Bastyr Experience: Master of Science in Nutrition Health Tips Boost your Immunity Naturally When the weather changes, viruses always seem to sneak into our homes, offices, and schools. Here are some tips to avoid sickness this time of year and boost your immunity! Heart Healthy Hibiscus or Sour Soothes a Bitter Heart Learn about the cardiovascualr benefits of the hibiscus flower. Heart Healthy Hibiscus Soothes a Bitter Heart Hibiscus tea, a delightfully refreshing beverage with a tart, berry-like flavor, has demonstrated benefits for individuals with hypertension. Heart Health Awareness Month-Tips to Keeping Your Heart in Shape What's motivating you to be healthy? Is it a spouse, grandchildren, a recent health scare, or a full bucket list to accomplish? Thinking about what motivates you will get you to start living a healthy lifestyle. A Surprising Cold Remedy for the Post Holiday Months A natural way to fight sickness this winter.


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Natural Selection A Struggle for Survival? Observation and Experiments The True Story of Industrial Mechanism Why Natural Selection Cannot Explain Complexity Mutations The Pleiotropic Effect
Mutations are defined as breaks or replacements taking place in the DNA molecule, which is found in the nuclei of the cells of a living organism and which contains all its genetic information. These breaks or replacements are the result of external effects such as radiation or chemical action. Every mutation is an "accident," and either damages the nucleotides making up the DNA or changes their locations. Most of the time, they cause so much damage and modification that the cell cannot repair them.
Mutation, which evolutionists frequently hide behind, is not a magic wand that transforms living organisms into a more advanced and perfect form. The direct effect of mutations is harmful. The changes effected by mutations can only be like those experienced by people in Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Chernobyl: that is, death, disability, and freaks of nature
The reason for this is very simple: DNA has a very complex structure, and random effects can only damage it. Biologist B. G. Ranganathan states:
First, genuine mutations are very rare in nature. Secondly, most mutations are harmful since they are random, rather than orderly changes in the structure of genes;any random change in a highy ordered system will be for the worse, not for the better. For example, if an earthquake were to shake a highly ordered structure such as a building, there would be a random change in the framework of the building, which, in all probability, would not be an improvement.19
Not surprisingly, no useful mutation has been so far observed. All mutations have proved to be harmful. The evolutionist scientist Warren Weaver comments on the report prepared by the Committee on Genetic Effects of Atomic Radiation, which had been formed to investigate mutations that might have been caused by the nuclear weapons used in the Second World War:
Many will be puzzled about the statement that practically all known mutant genes are harmful. For mutations are a necessary part of the process of evolution. How can a good effect-evolution to higher forms of life-result from mutations practically all of which are harmful?20
Every effort put into "generating a useful mutation" has resulted in failure. For decades, evolutionists carried out many experiments to produce mutations in fruit flies, as these insects reproduce very rapidly and so mutations would show up quickly. Generation upon generation of these flies were mutated, yet no useful mutation was ever observed. The evolutionist geneticist Gordon Taylor writes thus:
It is a striking, but not much mentioned fact that, though geneticists have been breeding fruit-flies for sixty years or more in labs all round the world- flies which produce a new generation every eleven days-they have never yet seen the emergence of a new species or even a new enzyme.21
Another researcher, Michael Pitman, comments on the failure of the experiments carried out on fruit flies:
Morgan, Goldschmidt, Muller, and other geneticists have subjected generations of fruit flies to extreme conditions of heat, cold, light, dark, and treatment by chemicals and radiation. All sorts of mutations, practically all trivial or positively deleterious, have been produced. Man-made evolution? Not really: Few of the geneticists' monsters could have survived outside the bottles they were bred in. In practice mutants die, are sterile, or tend to revert to the wild type.22
The same holds true for man. All mutations that have been observed in human beings have had deleterious results. All mutations that take place in humans result in physical deformities, in infirmities such as mongolism, Down syndrome, albinism, dwarfism or cancer. Needless to say, a process that leaves people disabled or sick cannot be "an evolutionary mechanism"-evolution is supposed to produce forms that are better fitted to survive.
The American pathologist David A. Demick notes the following in a scientific article about mutations:
Literally thousands of human diseases associated with genetic mutations have been catalogued in recent years, with more being described continually. A recent reference book of medical genetics listed some 4,500 different genetic diseases. Some of the inherited syndromes characterized clinically in the days before molecular genetic analysis (such as Marfan's syndrome) are now being shown to be heterogeneous; that is, associated with many different mutations... With this array of human diseases that are caused by mutations, what of positive effects? With thousands of examples of harmful mutations readily available, surely it should be possible to describe some positive mutations if macroevolution is true. These would be needed not only for evolution to greater complexity, but also to offset the downward pull of the many harmful mutations. But, when it comes to identifying positive mutations, evolutionary scientists are strangely silent.23
The only instance evolutionary biologists give of "useful mutation" is the disease known as sickle cell anemia. In this, the hemoglobin molecule, which serves to carry oxygen in the blood, is damaged as a result of mutation, and undergoes a structural change. As a result of this, the hemoglobin molecule's ability to carry oxygen is seriously impaired. People with sickle cell anemia suffer increasing respiratory difficulties for this reason. However, this example of mutation, which is discussed under blood disorders in medical textbooks, is strangelyevaluated by some evolutionary biologists as a "useful mutation."
They say that the partial immunity to malaria by those with the illness is a "gift" of evolution. Using the same logic, one could say that, since people born with genetic leg paralysis are unable to walk and so are saved from being killed in traffic accidents, therefore genetic leg paralysis is a "useful genetic feature." This logic is clearly totally unfounded.
It is obvious that mutations are solely a destructive mechanism. Pierre-Paul Grassé, former president of the French Academy of Sciences, is quite clear on this point in a comment he made about mutations. Grassé compared mutations to "making mistakes in the letters when copying a written text." And as with mutations, letter mistakes cannot give rise to any information, but merely damage such information as already exists. Grassé explained this fact in this way:
Mutations, in time, occur incoherently. They are not complementary to one another, nor are they cumulative in successive generations toward a given direction. They modify what preexists, but they do so in disorder, no matter how . As soon as some disorder, even slight, appears in an organized being, sickness, then death follow. There is no possible compromise between the phenomenon of life and anarchy.24
So for that reason, as Grassé puts it, "No matter how numerous they may be, mutations do not produce any kind of evolution."25
19 B. G. Ranganathan, Origins?, Pennsylvania: The Banner Of Truth Trust, 1988. (emphasis added) 20 Warren Weaver et al., "Genetic Effects of Atomic Radiation", Science, vol. 123, June 29, 1956, p. 1159. (emphasis added) 21 Gordon Rattray Taylor, The Great Evolution Mystery, Abacus, Sphere Books, London, 1984, p. 48. 22 Michael Pitman, Adam and Evolution, River Publishing, London, 1984, p. 70. (emphasis added) 23 David A. Demick, "The Blind Gunman", Impact, no. 308, February 1999. (emphasis added) 24 Pierre-Paul Grassé, Evolution of Living Organisms, Academic Press, New York, 1977, p. 97, 98. 25 Pierre-Paul Grassé, Evolution of Living Organisms, Academic Press, New York, 1977, p. 88. (emphasis added)


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Birth Date: | 09/19/1982 |
Height: | 6-6 |
Year: | Junior |
Hometown: | Barranquilla, Colombia |
High School: | German School |
Position: | Middle Blocker |
Played in 11 games as a freshman... Hit .500 for the season, with a career-high of nine kills against Cal State Northridge.
High School
Played for Antonio Lozano at German School...Spent time at outside hitter and middle blocker.
Born September 19, 1982...Business economics and Spanish major...Aspires to become an accountant...Parents are Guido Parra and Beatriz de Parra Vergara.


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Thanks, Craig.
You're joking. Right?
Oracle Database performance tuning and analysis has come a long way in the last 20 years. First there was the "just add more resources" approach and tuning the blatantly poor SQL. Then there was ratio analysis, followed by wait event analysis, time based analysis, and unit of work time based analysis. In addition to the performance diagnosis and analysis evolution, the Oracle Database as a product has changed, and architectures are more diverse. Yet with all this change, some things are in many ways timeless. They relate to complexity, basic mathematical statistics, efficiency, and doctrinal purity. Over the next few weeks, I'll post four different "myths." Last week I posted about increased complexity. This posting centers on a user's experience.
Myth #2
The second myth is Users experience the average SQL elapsed time. Concurrency, multiple execution plans, different bind variables, and the current cache situation make the average elapsed time less relevant—and perhaps even misleading. Let me explain.If I tell someone the average elapsed time for their key SQL statement is 10 seconds, 99.9% of the time they will picture in their minds a bell curve. They will think to themselves, "OK. This means that usually the statement runs for about 10 seconds, sometimes less and sometimes more." Unless verified, my research clearly shows that there is likely to be a significant difference between the average and the typical elapsed time(s). This means we are missetting expectations and flat-out misleading users. Not the place we want to be!
It is very simple to calculate the average SQL statement elapsed time. Even a Statspack report will show you the total elapsed time and the total number of executions over the report interval. The average elapsed time is simply the total elapsed time divided by the total number of executions. So it's very enticing to make a quick statement about the elapsed time using the average.
Now suppose this SQL statement has two execution plans: one typically completes in 2 seconds and the other completes in 18 seconds. Now also assume that they both get executed the same number of times (don't count on this in your environment!). The average elapsed time would then be 10 seconds. Now I picture myself telling my client that I had discovered the key SQL statement and its average elapsed time is 10 seconds. The "2 seconds" group would think I'm making the situation look worse than it is so I can claim an amazing performance improvement. The "12 seconds" group would think I'm simply an idiot. Either way, I lose. So I needed a way to find out the truth.
What I learned through my research is that if the statement is important to the users and I care about not misleading them, I need to collect some data, calculate the statistics, and create a histogram. I even blogged about the problem here and and provided solutions here! My research clearly showed three reliable ways to collect elapsed times: Oracle tracing by SQL_ID, instrumenting application code, and sampling running SQL. I have created a low overhead tool called "SQL Sampler" to sample SQL statement elapsed times. You can download it for free from my website here. The moral of this story is Do not expect users to experience average elapsed times, and if appropriate, provide details about the typical elapsed times.
Thanks for reading!
If you enjoy my blog, I suspect you'll get a lot out of my courses; Oracle Performance Firefighting, Advanced Oracle Performance Analysis, and my One-Day Oracle Performance Research Seminar. I teach these classes around the world multiple times each year. For the latest schedule, go to www.orapub.com . I also offer on-site training and consulting services.
P.S. If you want me to respond to a comment or you have a question, please feel free to email me directly at craig@orapub .com. Another option is to send an email to OraPub's general email address, which is currently orapub.general@comcast .net.


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kmullins on 07/18/2012 11:53 PM wrote:Updated: 07/18/2012 11:53: PM by kmullins
"Johnny", the subject, is a "NOUN", or better yet, a "Proper Noun", not a pronoun! This sentence also has two verbs...not mentioned in the video.


text: The Education Club strives to generate energy, passion, appreciation and focus around the education industry by presenting career pathways for business students interested in education, raising awareness of education issues among future business leaders and promoting mutually beneficial opportunities with the Curry School of Education, Albemarle/Charlottesville education organizations and the Darden/Curry Partnership for Leadership in Education (PLE). Goals Raise awareness of Education issues among future business leaders.Present career pathways for business students interested in Education.Promote cross-curricular opportunities with the Curry School of Education (Cross-listed curriculum or even a Joint Masters Degree). As business leaders, citizens, and current or future parents, we are in a position to drive change in Education. Leadership Team We welcome prospective students to reach out to members of our leadership team to learn more about the Education Club. Club President, Morgan DunnanVP of Careers, Mitch BeckVP of Finance & Membership, Erica SvendsenVP of Partnerships, John Day Contact Us firstname.lastname@example.com