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Considering "Bates Motel" is a TV series whose premise is that it's a prequel to "Psycho," it might be a bit surprising that the goal of Season 2 is to have viewers come to love Norma and Norman Bates. But apparently that's exactly what should happen by the time the A&E drama wraps up its second season.
"I think you're really going to fall in love with the characters this season, which kind of was the goal," co-creator Carlton Cuse tells Zap2it at the Season 2 premiere. "Sometimes if you're watching a story that's ostensibly about a serial killer and his mother, you might feel distanced from those characters. Our goal this season was really to make you feel a lot of empathy for them and really understand exactly what makes both of them tick and that they are very complicated creatures. They defy simple labels."
Part of achieving that goal is having Norma Bates get a chance at happiness. She will get a love interest this season, and it's already been revealed in the Season 2 premiere that the Bates Motel is doing pretty well financially — for now.
"Her goal is to be a kind of grand hotelier and to be successful and to achieve happiness, which she's never known the meaning of that," Vera Farmiga says. "Part of that means success and a successful business, and there's a stigma in the town already which we found out last year already when she was giving out brochures that no one really wanted to take the brochures. It's because she's made a large impression in a short amount of time within White Pine Bay. Part of it is repairing that and part of it is just having meaningful relationships. She's only got Norman."
As Norma grows closer to her new man, her employee Emma tries to grow closer to Norma. That isn't exactly what the Bates' are looking for, though.
"We see [Emma] try and weave her way into the Bates family with resistance, of course, from Norma and Norman, and that causes Emma some pain because all she wants to do is have this mother figure and be a part of what she perceives is a normal family," Olivia Cooke tells Zap2it. "I think it would be too close to comfort for having someone as innocent as Emma get into their mess."
A wrench is thrown in the Bates' family life anyway when Norma's estranged brother Caleb strolls into town.
"Just having a new family show up into the relationship kind of throws a curve ball at everybody, and you wonder why has this guy not been here? Why has he not been here? What's going on?" Max Thieriot says. "It's exciting just to meet a new family member because these are the only people we've known."
Cuse promises all those elements will make for a very exciting season.
"What's kind of fun about 'Bates' is it's this kind of cocktail of pulp storytelling with also really nuanced character scenes, and that's kind of the combination that [EP] Kerry Ehrin and I try to write when we write the show," he says. "This town is a crazy drug-filled gnarly place with all sorts of larger than life characters, but at the same time there's this really affecting mother/son story at the heart of this drama, and I like that combination as a storyteller."
"Bates Motel" airs Mondays at 9 p.m. ET/PT on A&E.


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Special Wednesday update... what, you got a problem with Wednesday? It's Hasbro answers to SSG questions for July 26th, 2006.
Thanks again to all the folks who sent in questions and especially those who actually voted on them. Here come Hasbro's answers, and remember to check out ActionFigs.com for their weekly Hasbro Q&A as well.
Hasbro Q&A for the week of July 26th
(Hasbro's Q&A schedule was interrupted by Comic-Con.)
Q: What's up with the female action figures? Some of the most collectible figures have been Padmes and Leias, yet it seems like Hasbro's policy is that there's no demand for female action figures such as other Padme outfits, AOTC Beru, Yarna d'al Gargan, Toryn Farr, etc.. Why is that?
A: Female character figures will play an integral part of future line releases, so you'll just have to stay tuned!
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Q: Could troop builder figures be made available (indefinitely if possible) on Hasbro Toy Shop after they're taken out of regular circulation?
A: The preference would be to do more troop builder figures at retail, rather than DTC.
- -
Q: The "Ewoks" tv-movies and cartoons were released on DVD last fall. Is there any chance of getting figures based on the Ewok movies and cartoons, especially Teek, Princess Kneesa (realistically-styled if possible), the Marauders, and the number of Ewoks who did not appear in ROTJ?
A: Not any time soon.
You can find previous answers in SSG's weekly Hasbro Q&A archive.

subset: commoncrawl


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Page 4 of Clearasil Ultra Rapid Acne Vanishing Treatment Cream reviews
Read or post reviews on thousands of acne products & treatments.
Active Ingredients:
Benzoyl Peroxide (10%).
Inactive Ingredients:
Water, Gluconolactone, Glyceryl Stearate, Glycerin, PEG 40 Stearate, PEG 100 Stearate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Dimethicone, Magnesium Aluminium Silicate, Xanthan Gum, Phenoxyethanol, Ammonium Hydroxide, Isopropylparaben, Arginine HCl, Isobutylparaben, Butylparaben, Titanium Dioxide.
Items marked with red have tested a 3 or above (out of 5) in comedogenic (pore-clogging) testing.
The list of ingredients above is provided for informational purposes only. Always check the actual product label in your possession for the most accurate ingredient information due to product changes or upgrades that may not yet be reflected on our web site.
Where to buy
Clearasil Ultra Rapid Action Treatment Cream Vanishing(Pack of 2) updated: 03/30/2017 05:11 UTC |
$15.07 |
Acne.org is not associated with this product. All proceeds from links go to charity.
[The prices listed above may change at any time and in some cases do not include shipping.]
It..burned my skin.
and BTW...Who would pay um more than $10 for this. You're cray cray.
This is my 'emergency' cream for when I have a painful, inflamed, red spot that won't come to a head. This usually reduces the pain and speeds up the process so that I can pop the spot with a Comedone extractor a few hours after applying the cream. It does not get rid of spots on it's own but does make them less aggressive and speeds up the process so that it can be covered up with makeup much easier before an important event.
I just use this product for a month. However, i can recognize the huge difference after 1 month.
i didnt have alot pimple, just 3 or 4. Before using this, i had tried most products in store: clean&clear, neutrogena, acnefree.... nothing can compare to Clearasil vanishing cream!!
Honestly, before i bought vanishing, i read all review and it seems bad so i decided to buy tinted one instead. 2 months later, pimples and whiteheads still stay on my face, only get rid of few blackhead on nose. therefore i try vanishing.
First day using it, my face burned a bit, i got red mark on area where i put it on. Next day, red mark and red pimples are gone. and the important thing that make me love this product is smoothen my skin. all tiny dot on face are disappeared.
Hope clearasil company keep producing this vanishing cream.
I hurriedly went to Walmart last night to get this product hoping it would help get rid of my pimples but when I put it on last night, after 4 hours, they're still visible. And when I woke up this morning to check..they got worse!!! I'm so mad at this thing.. It's like I spent $10 for a moisturizer..I tried to put it this morning again but it's been 5 hours now and my pimples got bigger, so I ended up using baking soda :( please don't be fooled by most acne products.. stop wasting your money on these and look for natural remedies instead. Honestly, I always buy different kinds of acne products and all they did was NOTHING but make my pimples worse (plus they're expensive)
Very useful product, sometimes I can use it on my whole entire face, I know that is wrong but that is very effective!!
I've used this for.. gosh, around 3 years! In the first year it worked, but now this newer version of it (a little more watery looking) is even MORE effective! I used to use it when i had moderate acne and it helped but its definitely for people with light acne, cause i went to a dermatologist and now i have light acne rather than moderate. SO now i just get bigger pimples every once and a while. When i have stubborn pimples that i would like to get rid off, i look to this great product. I use it at nightime and when i wake up in the morning it's gone! For example, last night, I had a pretty big, tender spot on my forehead. It's the night before thanksgiving dinner so i was determined to eliminate it at all costs. i have a few spot treatments (clean and clear persa gel, c+c advantage, neutrogena rapid clear spot eliminating gel, etc) but I came to this one. I put it on and went to bed. This morning (thanksgiving day), I woke up, and the pimple was gone! There is just a very faded red patch where it used to be which is SO easily covered with a touch of make up or concealer. This is definitely a FANTASTIC spot treatment. If you want to get rid of your pimples, then please get this product! it's the best clearasil product on the market! ( - :
I try lots of stuff always come back to this. Cheap and effective.
I recomend buying the scrub,daily wash, and pads for under $25. It really works :) So buy Clearasil. Trust me ive been using this product for 10 years and im 16
i have been using this product for 3 months started to get bad acne 5 monts ago so far like i said it takes care of some pimples but dont work well on my back now i have been putting this on my face area after my shower then makeup over it leaving in on all day till i take my night shower and have not had any break outs in a month .now if i could get rid of the back acne.


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Structural inequality
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Structural inequality is defined as a condition where one category of people are attributed an unequal status in relation to other categories of people. This relationship is perpetuated and reinforced by a confluence of unequal relations in roles, functions, decisions rights, and opportunities.[1] As opposed to cultural inequality, which focuses on the individual decisions associated with these imbalances, structural inequality refers specifically to the inequalities that are systemically rooted in the normal operations of dominant social institutions, and can be divided into categories like residential segregation or healthcare, employment and educational discrimination.[2]
Globalization has a complex association with development and inequality, and mandates a new framework to help describe its effects. On one level, global competition in production can lead to productivity improvements that lead to a situation where industrial employment falls behind industrial output in a local market.[3] This can have an enormous impact on developing economies that focus on industrialization. At the same time, the liberalization of trade policies may be the only method of securing growth for land-locked developing nations.[4]
Combating structural inequality therefore often requires the broad, policy based structural change on behalf of government organizations, and is often a critical component of poverty reduction.[3] In many ways, a well organized democratic government that can effectively combine moderate growth with redistributive policies stands the best chance of combating structural inequality.[3]
See: Structural inequality in education
One particularly influential form of structural inequality can be found in education, since education affects many other opportunities. Examples of institutionalized education-related racism include student tracking, access to college, access to technology, and school finance.
Globally, the problem of spatial and regional segregation is largely a question between urban and rural disparities. A study commissioned by the United Nations University WIDER project has shown that for the twenty-six countries included in the study, spatial inequalities have been high and on the increase, especially for developing nations. Many of these inequalities were traced back to "second nature" geographic forces that describe the infrastructure a society has in place for facilitating the trade of goods and employment between economic agents.[5] Another dominant and related factor is the ease of access to bodies of water and forms of long distance trade like ports. The discrepancies between the growth of communities close to these bodies of water and those further away have been noted in cases between and within countries.[4] In the United States and many other developed countries, spatial inequality has developed into more specific forms described by residential segregation and housing discrimination. This has especially come into focus as education and employment are often tied into where a household is located relative to urban centers, and a variety of metrics, from education levels to welfare benefits have been correlated to spatial data.[6]
Specifically, studies have identified a number of economic consequences of housing segregation. Perhaps the most obvious is the isolation of minorities, which creates a deficit in the potential for developing human capital. Second, many of the public schools that areas of low socioeconomic status have access to are underperforming, in part due to the limited budgeting the district receives from the limited tax base in the same area. Finally, another large factor is simply the wealth and security homeownership represents. Property values rarely increase in areas where poverty is high in the first place.[7]
The causes of spatial inequality, however, are more complex. The mid-20th century phenomenon of the large-scale migration of white middle-class families from urban centers has coined the term white flight. While the current state of housing discrimination can be partly attributed to this phenomenon, a larger set of institutionalized discrimination, like bias in loan and real estate industries and government policies, have helped to perpetuate the division created since then. These include bias found in the banking and real estate industries as well as discriminatory public policies that promote racial segregation.[8] In addition, rising income inequality between blacks and whites since the 1970s have created affluent neighborhoods that tend to be composed of a homogeneous racial background of families within the same income bracket.[9] A similar situation within the racial lines have helped to explain how more than 32% of blacks now live in suburbs. However, these new suburbs are often divided along racial lines, and a 1992 survey showed that 82% of blacks preferred to live a suburb where their race is in the majority.[10] This is further aggravated by practices like racial steering, in which realtors guide home buyers towards neighborhood based on race.
Government policies that have tended to promote spatial inequalities include actions by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) in promoting redlining, a practice where mortgages could be selectively administered while excluding certain urban neighborhood deemed risky, oftentimes because of race. Practices like this continued to prevent home buyers from getting mortgages in redlined areas until the 1960s, when the FHA discontinued the determination of restrictions based on racial composition.[11]
The advent of freeways also added a complex layer of incentives and barriers which helped to increase spatial inequalities. First, these new networks allowed for middle-class families to move out to the suburbs while retaining connections like employment to the urban center. Second, and perhaps more importantly, freeways were routed through minority neighborhoods, oftentimes creating barriers between these neighborhoods and central business districts and middle class areas. Highway plans often avoided a more direct route through upper or middle class neighbors because minorities did not have sufficient power to prevent such actions from happening.[12]
Massey identifies three goals specifically for the United States to end residential segregation: reorganize the structure of metropolitan government, make greater investment in education, and finally open housing market so full participation[9] More specifically, he advocates broader, metropolitan-wide units of taxation and governance where the tax base and decisions are made equally by both the urban and suburban population. Education is the key to closing employment inequalities in a post-manufacturing era. And finally, the federal government must take large strides towards enforcing the anti-segregation measures related to housing is has already put into place, like the Fair Housing Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, and the Community Reinvestment Act. Another set of divisions that may be useful in framing policy solutions include three categories: place-based policies, people-based policies, and indirect approaches. Place-based policies include improving community facilities and services like schools and public safety in inner-city areas in an effort to appeal to middle-class families. These programs must be balanced with concerns of gentrification. People-based policies help increase access to credit for low-income families looking to move, and this sort of policy has been typified by the Community Reinvestment Act and its many revisions throughout its legislative history. Finally, indirect approaches often involve providing better transportation options to low-income areas, like public transit routes or subsidized car ownership. These approaches target the consequences rather than the causes of segregation, and rely on the assumption that one of the most harmful effects of spatial inequality is the lack of access to employment opportunities. In conclusion, a common feature in all of these is the investment in the capital and infrastructure of inner-city or neighborhood.[13]
The quality of healthcare that a patient receives strongly depends upon its accessibility. Kelley et al. define access to healthcare as "the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best health outcomes".[14] Health disparities, which are largely caused by unequal access to healthcare, can be defined as "a difference in which disadvantaged social groups such as the poor, racial/ethnic minorities, women and other groups who have persistently experienced social disadvantage or discrimination systematically experience worse health or greater health risks than most advantaged social groups." [15] Manifestations of inequality in healthcare appear throughout the world and are a topic of urgency in the United States. In fact, studies have shown that income-related inequality in healthcare expenditures favors the wealthy to a greater degree in the United States than most other Western nations.[16] The enormous costs of healthcare, coupled with the vast number of Americans lacking health insurance, indicate the severe inequality and serious problems that exist. The healthcare system in the United States perpetuates inequality by "rationing health care according to a person's ability to pay, by providing inadequate and inferior health care to poor people and persons of color, and by failing to establish structures that can meet the health needs of Americans".[17]
Racial disparity in access and quality of healthcare is a serious problem in the United States and is reflected by evidence such as the fact that African American life expectancies lag behind that of whites by over 5 years, and African Americans tend to experience more chronic conditions. African Americans have a 30% higher death rate from cardiovascular disease and experience 50% more diabetic complications than their white counterparts.[15] The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), directed by Congress, led an effort for the development of two annual reports by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the National Healthcare Quality Report and the National Healthcare Disparities Report, which tracked disparities in healthcare in relation to racial and socioeconomic factors. These reports developed about 140 measures of quality of care and about 100 measures of access to care, which were used to measure the healthcare disparities. The first reports, released in December 2003, found that blacks and Hispanics experienced poorer healthcare quality for about half of the quality measures reported in the NHQR and NDHR. Also, Hispanics and Asians experienced poorer access to care for about two thirds of the healthcare access measures.[14] Recent studies on Medicare patients show that black patients receive poorer medical care than their white counterparts. Compared with white patients, blacks receive far fewer operations, tests, medications and other treatments, suffering greater illnesses and more deaths as a result.[18]
One specific study showed that African Americans are less likely than whites to be referred for cardiac catheterization and bypass grafting, prescription of analgesia for pain control, and surgical treatment of lung cancer. Both African Americans and Latinos also receive less pain medication than whites for long bone fractures and cancer. Other studies showed that African Americans are reported to receive fewer pediatric prescriptions, poorer quality of hospital care, fewer hospital admissions for chest pain, lower quality of prenatal care, and less appropriate management of congestive heart failure and pneumonia.[19]
In addition to race, healthcare inequality also manifests across gender lines. Though women tend to live longer than men, they tend to report poorer health status, more disabilities as they age, and tend to be higher utilizers of the healthcare system.[20] Healthcare disparities often put women at a disadvantage, especially women who are poor. Women tend to act as the primary caregivers of their children and as a result, have less time to devote to other activities. The usual hours of operation for healthcare facilities often are not conducive to women easily seeking healthcare. Such time must be scheduled around work (whether formal or informal), child care needs, and the geography—which increases the travel time necessary for those who do not live near healthcare facilities.[20] Furthermore, "poor women and their children tend to have inadequate housing, poor nutrition, poor sanitation, and high rates of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse." Since women and children constitute 80% of the poor in the United States, they are particularly susceptible to experiencing the negative impact of healthcare inequality.[20]
Spatial distribution and geographic location also affect access and quality of healthcare. A study done by Rowland, Lyons, and Edwards (1988) found that rural patients were more likely to be poor and uninsured.[21] Because of the fewer healthcare resources available in rural areas, these patients received fewer medical services than urban patients.[22] Other studies showed that African Americans and Hispanics are more likely than whites to live in areas that are underserved by healthcare providers, forcing them to wait longer for care in crowded and/or understaffed facilities or traveling longer distances to receive care in other areas. This travel time often poses an obstacle to receiving medical care and often leads patients to delay care until later.[15] In fact, African Americans and Hispanics are more likely than whites to delay seeking medical care until their condition becomes serious, rather than seeking regular medical care, because travel and wait times are both costly and an interference in other daily activities.[15]
An individual's environment greatly impacts his or her health status. For example, three of the five largest landfills in the United States are situated in communities which are predominately African American and Latino, contributing to some of the highest pediatric asthma rates in those groups.[19] Impoverished individuals who find themselves unable to leave their neighborhoods consequently are continuously exposed to the same harmful environment, which negatively impacts health.
Socioeconomic background is another source of inequality in healthcare. Poverty significantly influences the production of disease since poverty increases the likelihood of having poor health in addition to decreasing the ability to afford preventative and routine healthcare.[20] Lack of access to healthcare has a significant negative impact on patients, especially those who are uninsured, since they are less likely to have a regular source of care, such as a primary care physician, and are more likely to delay seeking care until their condition becomes life threatening.[19] Studies show that people with health insurance receive significantly more care than those who are uninsured, the most vulnerable groups being minorities, young adults, and low-income individuals. The same trend for uninsured versus insured patients holds true for children as well.[22]
Hadley, Steinberg, and Feder (1991) found that hospitalized patients who are not covered under health insurance are less likely to receive high-cost, specialized procedures and as a result, are more likely to die while hospitalized.[22] Feder, Hadley, and Mullner (1984) noticed that hospitals often ration free care by denying care to those who are unable to pay and cutting services commonly used by the uninsured poor.[22] Minorities are less likely to have health insurance because are less likely to occupy middle to upper income brackets, and therefore are incapable of purchasing health insurance, and also because they tend to hold low-paying jobs that do not provide health insurance as part of their job-related benefits. Census data show that 78.7% of whites are covered by private insurance compared with 54% of blacks and 51% of Hispanics. About 29% of Hispanics in the United States have neither private nor government health insurance of any kind.[20]
A study done on Medicare recipients also showed that despite the uniform benefits offered, high-income elderly patients received 60% more physician services and 45% more days of hospital care than lower-income elderly patients not covered by Medicaid.[22] After adjustment for health status, people with higher incomes are shown to have higher expenditures, indicating that the wealthy are strongly favored in income-related inequality in medical care. However, this inequality differs across age groups. Inequality was shown to be greatest for senior citizens, then adults, and least for children. This pattern showed that financial resources and other associated attributes, such as educational attainment, were very influential in access and utilization of medical care.[23]
The acknowledgement that access to health services differed depending on race, geographic location, and socioeconomic background was an impetus in establishing health policies to benefit these vulnerable groups.[22] In 1965, specific programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, were implemented in the United States in an attempt to extend health insurance to a greater portion of the population. Medicare is a federally funded program that provides health insurance for people aged 65 or older, people younger than 65 with certain disabilities, and people of any age who have End-Stage Renal Disease (ERSD). Medicaid, on the other hand, provides health coverage to certain low income people and families and is largely state-governed.[24] However, studies have shown that for-profit hospitals tend to make healthcare less accessible to uninsured patients in addition to those under Medicaid in an effort to contain costs.[22] Another program, the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) provides low cost health insurance to children in families who do not qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford private health insurance on their own.[25] The necessity of achieving equity in quality of and access to healthcare is glaring and urgent. According to Fein (1972), this goal could include equal health outcomes for all by income group, equal expenditures per capita across income groups, or eliminating income as a healthcare rationing device. Some have proposed that a national health insurance plan with comprehensive benefits and no deductibles or other costs from the patients would provide the most equity.[22] Fein also stressed that healthcare reform was needed, specifically in eliminating financial assistance to treat patients that depended on patient income or the quantity of services given. He proposed instead paying physicians on a salaried basis.[22] Another study, by Reynolds (1976), found that community health centers improved access to health care for many vulnerable groups, including youth, blacks, and people with serious diseases. The study indicated that community health centers provided more preventive care and greater continuity of care, though there were problems in obtaining adequate funding as well as adequate staffing.[22] Engaging the community to understand the link between social issues such as employment, education, and poverty can help motivate community members to advocate for policies that improve health status.[19]
Increasing the racial and ethnic diversity of healthcare providers can also serve as a potential solution. Racial and ethnic minority healthcare providers are much more likely than their white counterparts to serve minority communities, which can have many positive effects. Advocating for an increase in minority healthcare providers can help improve the quality of patient-physician communication as well as reduce the crowding in understaffed facilities in areas in which minorities reside. This can help decrease wait times as well as increase the likelihood that such patients will seek out nearby healthcare facilities rather than traveling farther distances as a last resort.[19]
Implementing efforts to increase translation services can also improve quality of healthcare.[20] This means increased availability of bilingual and bicultural healthcare providers for non-English speakers. Studies show that non-English speaking patients self-reported better physical functioning, psychological well-being, health perceptions, and lower pain when receiving treatment from a physician who spoke their language. Hispanic patients specifically reported increased compliance to treatment plans when their physician spoke Spanish and also shared a similar background. Training programs to improve and broaden physicians' communication skills can increase patient satisfaction, patient compliance, patient participation in treatment decisions, and utilization of preventative care services [19]
The idea of universal health care, which is implemented in many other countries, has been a subject of heated debate in the United States.
Employment is a key source of income for a majority of the world's population, and therefore is the most direct method through which people can escape poverty. However, unequal access to decent work and persistent labor market inequalities frustrate efforts to reduce poverty.[26] Studies have further divided employment segregation into two categories: first generation and second generation discrimination. First generation discrimination occurs as an overt bias displayed by employers, and since the end of the civil rights era has been on the decline. Second generation discrimination; on the other hand, is less direct and therefore much harder to legislate against. This helps explain the disparity between female hiring rates and male/female ratios, which have gone up recently, and the relative scarcity of women in upper-level management positions.[27] Therefore, while there is extensive legislation passed regarding employment discrimination, informal barriers still exist in the workplace. For instance, gender discrimination often takes the form of working hours and childcare-related benefits.[28] In many cases, female professionals who must take maternity leave or single mothers who must care for their children often are at a disadvantage when it comes to promotions and advancement.
Education LevelEdit
Employment discrimination is also closely linked to education and skills. One of the most important factors that can help describe employment disparities was that for much of the post-WWII-era, many Western countries began shedding the manufacturing jobs that provided relatively high-wage jobs to people with moderate to low job skills.[29] Starting from the 1960s, the United States began a shift away from low-wage jobs, especially in the manufacturing sector, towards technology-based or service-based employment.[30] This had an unbalanced effect of decreasing employment opportunities for the least educated in the labor force while at the same time increasing the productivity and therefore wages of the skilled labor force, increasing the level of inequality.[31] In addition, globalization has tended to compound this decrease in demand of domestic unskilled labor.
Finally, weak labor market policies since the 70's and 80's have failed to address the income inequalities that those who are employed at lower income levels have to face. Namely, the union movement began to shrink, decreasing the power for employees to negotiate employment terms, and the minimum wage was prevented from increasing alongside inflation.[32]
Other barriers include human capital occupations that require an extensive network for developing clientele, like lawyers, physicians, and salesmen. Studies have shown that for blacks and whites in the same occupation, whites can often benefit for a wealthier pool of clients and connections.[33] In addition, studies show that only a small percentage of low-skilled employees are hired through advertisements or cold calls, highlighting the importance of social connections with middle- and upper- class employers.[34]
Though women have become an increasing presence in the workforce, there currently exists a gender gap in earnings. Statistics show that women who work full-time year-round earn 75% of the income as their male counterparts.[35] Part of the gender gap in employment earnings is due to women concentrating in different occupational fields than men, which is known as occupational segregation[36] The 1990 Census data show that more than 50% of women would have to change jobs before women would be distributed in the same way as men within the job market, achieving complete gender integration.[37] This can be attributed to the tendency of women to choose degrees that funnel into jobs that are less lucrative than those chosen by men.[38]
Other studies have shown that the Hay system, which evaluates jobs, undervalues the occupations that tend to be filled by women, which continues to bias wages against women's work.[39] Once a certain job becomes associated with women, its social value decreases. Almost all studies show that the percentage of women is correlated with lower earnings for both males and females even in fields that required significant job skills, which suggests a strong effect of gender composition on earnings.[40] Additionally, women tend to be hired into less desirable jobs than men and are denied access to more skilled jobs or jobs that place them in an authoritative role. In general, women tend to hold fewer positions of power when compared to men. A study done by Reskin and Ross (1982) showed that when tenure and productivity-related measurements were controlled, women had less authority and earned less than men of equal standing in their occupation.[41] Exclusionary practices provide the most valuable job openings and career opportunities for members of groups of higher status which, in the United States, mostly means Caucasian males. Therefore, males are afforded more advantages than females and perpetuate this cycle while they still hold more social power, allocating lower-skilled and lower-paying jobs to females and minorities.[42]
Inequality in Investment of SkillsEdit
Another factor of the gender earnings gap is reflected in the difference in job skills between women and men. Studies suggest that women invest less in their own occupational training because they stay in the workforce for a shorter period of time than men (because of marriage or rearing children) and therefore have a shorter time span to benefit from their extra efforts.[43] However, there is also discrimination by the employer. Studies have shown that the earnings gap is also due to employers investing less money in training female employees, which leads to a gender disparity in accessing career development opportunities.[44]
Prescribed Gender RolesEdit
Women tend to stay in the workforce for less time than men due to marriage or the time devoted to raising children. Consequently, men are typically viewed as the "breadwinners" of the family, which is reflected in the employee benefits provided in careers that are traditionally occupied by males. A study done by Heidi M. Berggren, assessing the employee benefits provided to nurses (a traditional female career) and automobile mechanics and repairmen (a traditional male career), found that the latter provided more significant benefits such as health insurance and other medical emergency benefits whereas the former provided more access to sick leave with full pay.[45] This outlines the roles allotted to women as the caregivers and the men as the providers of the family which subsequently encourages men to seek gainful employment while encouraging women to have a larger role at home than in the workplace. Many parental leave policies in the US are poorly developed and reinforce the roles of men as the breadwinner and women as the caregiver.[46]
Glass CeilingEdit
Women have often described subtle gender barriers in career advancement, known as the glass ceiling. This refers to the limited mobility of women in the workforce due to social restrictions that limit their opportunities and affect their career decisions.[47]
A study done by Doorne-Huiskes, den Dulk, and Schippers (1999) showed that in countries with government policy addressing the balance between work and family life, women have high participation in the work force and there is a smaller gender wage gap, indicating that such policy could encourage mothers to stay in their occupations while also encouraging men to take on a greater child-rearing role. Such measure include mandating employers to provide paid parental leave for employees so that both parents can care for children without risk to their careers. Another suggested measure is government-provided day care for children aged 0–6 or financial support for employees to pay for their own child-care.[48]
In 1978, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act was passed and amended Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This act designated discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, or associated medical issues as illegal gender discrimination. The Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993, required employers to give up to twelve weeks of unpaid leave for the birth or adoption of a child and providing care for immediate family members who are ill. These two acts helped publicize the important role women play in caring for family members and gave women more opportunities to retain jobs that they would have previously lost.[47] However, the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 is limited in that only 60% of all employees in the U.S. are eligible for this leave since many small business are exempt from such coverage.[49]
The fact that parental leave measures continue to enforce traditional division of labor between the genders indicates a need to reduce the stigma of male parenting as well as the stigma of parenthood on female employment opportunities. Some possible developments to improve parental leave include: offering job protection, full benefits, and substantial pay as a part of parental leave to heighten the social value of both parents caring for children, making parental leave more flexible so that both parents can take time off, reducing the negative impact of parental leave on job standing, and encouraging fathers to care for children by providing educational programs regarding pre-natal and post-natal care.[50]
See alsoEdit
- ↑ Dani, Anis A., and Arjan De. Haan, eds. Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2008. 3.
- ↑ Royce, Edward Cary. Poverty and Power: the Problem of Structural Inequality. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009. 217.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Combating Poverty and Inequality: Structural Change, Social Policy. Rep. no. 978-92-9085-076-2. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2010. Web. 3 Nov. 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Collier, Paul. 2007. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Kanbur, Ravi. Spatial Inequality and Development: Overview of UNI-WIDER Project. Rep. United Nations University. Web. 3 Nov. 2011.
- ↑ Adelman, Robert M., and Charles Jaret. "Poverty, Race, and US Metropolitan Social and Economic Structure." Journal of Urban Affairs 21.1 (1999): Print.
- ↑ Massey, Douglas S. 2004. "The New Geography of Inequality in Urban America," in C. Michael Henry, ed. Race, Poverty, and Domestic Policy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- ↑ Massey 2004, p. 177.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Massey 2004, p. 184.
- ↑ Cashin, Sheryll. "Middle-Class Black Suburbs and the State of Integration: A Post-Integrationist Vision for Metropolitan America." (2001): 737.
- ↑ Wilson, William J. More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City. New York: Norton &, 2009. 28.
- ↑ Wilson 2009, p. 29.
- ↑ "Racial Residential Segregation in American Cities," in Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning, ed. Nancy Brooks and Gerrit-Jan Knaap (Oxford University Press, 2011), 318–39.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kelley, Ed, et al. "The National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports: An Overview." Medical Care 43.3 (2005): 13-18. JSTOR. Web. 2 Nov. 2011.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Kronenfeld, Jennie J., ed. The Impact of Demographics on Health and Health Care: Race, Ethnicity and Other Social Factors. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Limited, 2010. Print.
- ↑ Chen, Alex Y., and José J. Escarce. "Quantifying Income-Related Inequality in Healthcare Delivery in the United States." Medical Care 42.1 (2004): 38-47. JSTOR. Web. 2 Nov. 2011.
- ↑ Aguirre Jr., Adalberto, and David V. Baker. Structured Inequality in the United States: Critical Discussions on the Continuing Significance of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2008. Print.
- ↑ Aguirre and Baker
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 Wiliams, Richard A., ed. Eliminating Healthcare Disparities in America. Totowa, NJ: Humana, 2007. Print.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 Bayne-Smith, Marcia, ed. Race, Gender, and Health. London: Sage Publications, 1996. Print.
- ↑ Davis, Karen. "Inequality and Access to Health Care." The Milbank Quarterly 69.2 (1991): 253-73. JSTOR. Web. 2 Nov. 2011.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.9 Davis 1991
- ↑ Chen and Escarce, 2004.
- ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions About Medicare" Medicare.gov. 26 Aug. 2008. Web. 2 Nov. 2011.
- ↑ medicare.org
- ↑ UNRISD 2004, p. 31.
- ↑ Sturm, Susan. "Second Generation Employment Discrimination: A Structural Approach." Columbia Law Review 101.3 (2001): 497.
- ↑ Aguirre and Baker 2008, p. 200.
- ↑ Adelman p. 38.
- ↑ Wilson 2009, p. 70.
- ↑ Marshall, F. Ray. Back to Shared Prosperity: the Growing Inequality of Wealth and Income in America. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2000. Print. 6.
- ↑ Wilson 2009, p. 15
- ↑ Grodsky, Eric and Devah Pager. 2001. "The Structure of Disadvantage: Individual and Occupational Determinants of the Black-White Wage Gap." American Sociological Review:66(4):542-567.
- ↑ Wilson 2009, p. 75.
- ↑ Jacobs, Jerry A. Gender Inequality at Work. London: Sage Publications, 1995. Print. 9.
- ↑ Reese, Laura. Equity in the Workplace: Gendering Workplace Policy Analysis. Ed. Heidi Gottfried. New York: Lexington, 2004. Print. 152.
- ↑ Jacobs 1995, p. 9.
- ↑ Jacobs 1995, p. 5.
- ↑ Jacobs 1995, p. 10.
- ↑ Jacobs 1995, p. 26.
- ↑ Jacobs 1995, p. 11.
- ↑ Jacobs 1995, p. 29.
- ↑ Jacobs 1995, p. 6.
- ↑ Jacobs 1995, p. 7.
- ↑ Gottfried and Reese 2004, p. 164.
- ↑ Gottfried and Reese 2004, p. 207.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Gottfried and Reese 2004, p. 134.
- ↑ Gottfried and Reese 2004, p. 184.
- ↑ Gottfried and Reese 2004, p. 205.
- ↑ Gottfried and Reese 2004, p. 209.
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text:
I am honored not only for the mention....but to be alongside some absolutely amazing blogs.
I also wanted to thank all of you....I'm truly thankful for each and every one of you.
Wishing you all a safe and Happy Thanksgiving.
photo via
Oh my gosh....I almost totally forgot....Happy 18th wedding anniversary to my sweet hubby. (it was on the 20th)
Like I've written before...I'm such a dude....all that anniversary stuff....I just don't get it. I spent my anniversary day painting....lol.


text:
Clifford the Big Red Dog
Emily Elizabeth writes a fan letter to her favorite pop star. Also: Cleo makes everyone think she's a beach-ball star by telling a lie of omission.
There are no upcoming air times for this episode.
Funding for Clifford the Big Red Dog is provided in part by:


text:
M12-1.50 x 100 mm. Class 8.8 Zinc Plated Hex Head Cap Screw, 5 pk.
$6.49 /pk
Orders over $50.00 ship free. DetailsStandard ground shipping
Technical Specifications
Zoro #: G0698844 Mfr #: 6BA69 | |
Basic Material: Steel | Head Height: 7.5mm |
System of Measurement: Metric | Rockwell Hardness: C22 to C32 |
Fastener Finish: Zinc Plated | Head Width: 19mm |
Thread Direction: Right Hand | Tensile Strength: 116, 000 psi |
Head Type: Hex | Item: Hex Head Cap Screw |
Screw Grade/Class: Class 8.8 | Fastener Length: 100mm |
Screw Industry Standards: DIN 960 | Dia./Thread Size: M12-1.50 |
Proof Load: 85, 000 psi | Min. Thread Length: 30mm |
Thread Type: UNF (Fine) | Thread Style: Partially Threaded |
Country of Origin (subject to change): Multiple |
Product Description
Hex Head Cap Screw, System of Measurement Metric, Head Type Hex, Dia./Thread Size M12-1.50, Thread Type UNF (Fine), Fastener Length 100mm, Min. Thread Length 30mm, Basic Material Steel, Screw Grade/Class Class 8.8, Fastener Finish Zinc Plated, Thread Style Partially Threaded, Thread Direction Right Hand, Head Height 7.5mm, Head Width 19mm, Proof Load 85,000 psi, Screw Industry Standards DIN 960, Package Quantity 5


text:
I'm writing an application that adds, among other things, global hotkey support to media players that don't natively support them, such as iTunes.
Microsoft's hotkey control ("msctls_hotkey32", or HOTKEY_CLASS) has a couple of limitations. For one, it recognizes the media buttons that many modern keyboards has as letters. That might not seem like such a big deal - but it is in some cases.
I wanted to make sure the user didn't select invalid hotkeys, such as Shift+<letter> (which isn't a good idea, since people use their keyboards to... well, type!). With Microsoft's control, this turned out to be pretty much impossible. You can tell the control to disallow such hotkeys, however, since it sees media keys as regular letters, it will force modifiers on media keys as well! What good is it to have a play/pause button on the keyboard if you need to hold down Ctrl+Alt to use it?
That's why I created this control from scratch, instead of basing it on Microsoft's control as I did in earlier versions of my program.
I provided a sample application with this article, to make it easy for you to try the control without building your own project. The application itself is fairly useless, it lets you enter a hotkey and copy it to another HotkeyControl. Nevertheless, it demonstrates all the necessary functions.
First, as with all other custom controls, you need to add a reference to the assembly. To do so, right-click "References" in the Solution Explorer window, and pick "Add Reference...".
Go to the "Browse" tab, and double-click HotkeyControl.dll (in the location where you saved it).
The control is very easy to use. After adding an instance of the HotkeyControl to your form (using the Windows Forms Designer, if you wish), you can read/set the controls' Hotkey and HotkeyModifiers properties to retrieve/set the hotkey.
private void btnSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { hotkeyControl.Hotkey = Keys.F11; hotkeyControl.HotkeyModifiers = Keys.Control | Keys.Alt; } private void btnShowHotkey_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("Hotkey modifiers: " + hotkeyControl.HotkeyModifiers.ToString() + Environment.NewLine + "Hotkey: " + hotkeyControl.Hotkey.ToString()); }
This control, just like Microsoft's control, only lets you select hotkeys. It does not provide a way to actually register and manage the hotkeys. You will have to code that part yourself. That shouldn't be too hard though, after looking up RegisterHotKey and UnregisterHotKey on P/Invoke.NET and in the MSDN Library.If it is requested by many of you, I will look into writing such a class.
This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via the discussion board below.
A list of licenses authors might use can be found here
const int HOTKEYF_SHIFT = 0x01; const int HOTKEYF_CONTROL = 0x02; const int HOTKEYF_ALT = 0x04; const int HOTKEYF_EXT = 0x08; const int MOD_ALT = 0x1; const int MOD_CONTROL = 0x2; const int MOD_SHIFT = 0x4; const int MOD_WIN = 0x8;
public int RegisterHotKey(int Key, int fromModifiers, string idString) { // Convert Modifiers to fit HKM_SETHOTKEY // the Modifiers is diffrent between WM_SETHOTKEY and HKM_SETHOTKEY fromModifiers = fromModifiers >> 16; int toModifiers = 0; if ((fromModifiers & HOTKEYF_ALT) > 0) toModifiers |= MOD_ALT; if ((fromModifiers & HOTKEYF_CONTROL) > 0) toModifiers |= MOD_CONTROL; if ((fromModifiers & HOTKEYF_EXT) > 0) toModifiers |= MOD_WIN; if ((fromModifiers & HOTKEYF_SHIFT) > 0) toModifiers |= MOD_SHIFT; UInt32 hotkeyid = GlobalAddAtom(System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString()); RegisterHotKey((IntPtr)hWnd, hotkeyid, (UInt32)toModifiers, (UInt32)Key); keyIDs[hotkeyid] = idString; return (int)hotkeyid; }
textBoxHotkey.Text = "Control + P";
/// <summary> /// Sets the hot keys of the textbox according to text. /// </summary> private void SetTextBoxHotKey() { if (!textBoxHotkey.Text.Contains("+")) return; string[] parts = textBoxHotkey.Text.Split('+'); if (parts.Length == 2) { Keys modKeys = Keys.None; Keys key = Keys.None; //Get modifiers keys from text bool ctrl = parts[0].ToLower().Contains("control"); bool shift = parts[0].ToLower().Contains("shift"); bool alt = parts[0].ToLower().Contains("alt"); if (ctrl && alt) modKeys = Keys.Control | Keys.Alt; else if (ctrl && shift) modKeys = Keys.Control | Keys.Shift; else if (shift && alt) modKeys = Keys.Shift | Keys.Alt; else if (ctrl) modKeys = Keys.Control; else if (alt) modKeys = Keys.Alt; else if (shift) modKeys = Keys.Shift; //Get key from text if (parts[1].Trim().Length > 0) { char c = parts[1].Trim()[0]; int charInt = (int)c; key = (Keys)charInt; } //Assign hotkey to textbox textBoxHotkey.HotkeyModifiers = modKeys; textBoxHotkey.Hotkey = key; } }
private void Redraw(bool bCalledProgramatically) { var converter = new KeysConverter(); this.Text = converter.ConvertToString(this._hotkey | this._modifiers); }
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2008-08-07, 09:56 | Link #1984 |
ショ ン (^^)
IT Support
Reposting since no one got to it
Got a request finally got a good clean shot of the Knights. I would like a sig please. Size AS safe of course try not to make it too small please. Text: Who %#*$ do you think we are? Also my name sinestra thanks
2008-08-07, 14:18 | Link #1993 | |
Emotionless White Face
Join Date: Feb 2008
Of course you can |
2008-08-07, 20:13 | Link #1997 |
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Kneeling in front of my ICHIGO SHRINE.
I stole a lot of gifs...to post elsewhere. I will cookie everyone I stole from and credit you guys... stole a lot of sigs (the unclaimed ones) and gifs I will put your name in bibliography on site. I plan on listing everyone who made avies or freebie sigs I posted. I pm you the link to the bibliography so you will see I am true to my word and I will also link back to any site you have or if you have other works you would like to put up for show (not steal) pm me with it.Ok. Thanks
Last edited by BleachOD; 2008-08-07 at 20:59. |
2008-08-08, 05:21 | Link #1999 |
「Darkly Charismatic 」
Join Date: May 2008
Location: The Lounge
It's been almost a month since I was able to load this page
(Supid Dial up) It's good to see the regular avatar batch getting cooked up every week wonder what will happen when the show finally ends
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text:
- Item 15 of 126 in Collection: Louis L. McAllister Photographs
- | Return to collection
Item Description
Title: Burlington Airport
- McAllister, L. L. (Louis L.), 1877-1963
Source Document
Extent: 1 image
Date Created: 19341935
June 12, 1935. Photo #3. Caption on this 1935 photo reads "#3 Burlington Vt. 6-12-35 Proj. # 402-B15-1 VERA (Vermont Emergency Relief Administration) Burlington Municipal Airport - West Section of E + W Runway showing excavated material on either side being loaded with power shovel and used for grading also drainage system being installed and crushed stone being placed on sand subbase(?) for stabilization work with Asphalt Emulsion."
Genre(s): photographs, black-and-white photographs
Note [Digital Version]
2007-10-19, Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Libraries
Type of Resource: still image
Parent Collections
Access Conditions
For usage rights related to this resource please visit: http://cdi.uvm.edu/rights/
More information.
Permanent Link:
Preferred citation
Burlington Airport, Louis L. McAllister Photographs, Box A1, Folder 18, Item 16, http://cdi.uvm.edu/collections/item/mcalA01F18i16 (accessed March 29, 2017)


text: Play In a College Football Bowl Game, Get Piles of Free GearJack Loftus12/21/08 5:00pmFiled to: SwagCollege FootballBowlschampionshipsGearGadgetsFreebies65EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink There's more to playing football in college than a potential NFL contract and a sound education—there's stacks of free gear and gadgets to be had too! Advertisement Just as an example, the players that butt heads in the Rose Bowl will receive a package that includes:# Sony DVD camcorder # Commemorative Fossil watch # Commemorative Ogio backpack # Commemorative New Era 5950 fitted hat # Commemorative plaque # Commemorative autograph football # One-year subscription to ESPN the MagazineAnd the title game between Florida and Oklahoma? Try a $300 Sony Gifting Suite (player's choice up to $300 in Sony electronics), a Tourneau Watch, and a Blockbuster video movie rental subscription. Even the lowly Poinsettia Bowl, which I hadn't heard of until today, nets players an iPod touch and some Best Buy gift cards. Advertisement Oh, how I hate my decision to go into journalism. All I have to show for it is a drinking problem and the ability to toss anonymous snark around the Net with the grace of a disgruntled gazelle. Sigh. [FOX Sports]Reply65 repliesLeave a reply


text:
You are hereKilkenny
Irish Ghosts by Peter Underwood
Peter Underwood, a world renowned expert on the paranormal, has published a new book focussing on Irish Ghosts. I had great hopes for this book having owned a copy of his 1973 book Gazetteer of Scottish & Irish Ghosts for a number of years, and I'm pleased to say I've not being disappointed. Read More »
Mullinakill Holy Well
Mullenakill is just one of several places that claim to be the birth place of St Moling. Read More »


text:
GM leaving Detroit?
David WelchCould General Motors be headed out of Detroit? These days, nothing is unthinkable. During a briefing with reporters today, General Motors CEO Fritz Henderson was asked if the company would move from its glass tower headquarters in downtown Detroit. That idea was kicked around in the local papers last week. Henderson was hardly convincing in his denial that GM could move. He said "We're looking at everything," but added that "we don't have any plans" to move the headquarters. That answer has even less conviction that George H.W. Bush's "read my lips" quote about no new taxes.
Just think about the severe body blow to the Detroit and Michigan economies. The city is already a disaster. Reeling from years of layoffs, Detroit now has an unemployment rate around 21%. Urban blight is everywhere. The area around Detroit has fared slightly better (which is to say that it's not a complete wreckage) but the region's unemployment rate is around 15%. Parts makers teeter on the edge of bankruptcy, as does GM. Chrysler is already in court. And Comerica Bank moved its headquarters to Dallas a couple of years ago. Even Volkswagen of America got out of town, moving its U.S. office to Virginia.
If GM left for suburban Detroit, as one local mayor suggested, the move would simply mean that so many white-collar jobs were cut that GM could consolidate them to other Michigan offices, namely its technical center complex in Warren. No matter where the headuarters is located, the move would be in part a result of more job losses for the region. If the company got out of town altogether—which is less likely—the Detroit area would be permanently damaged. Ditto for the suburbs is Chrysler doesn't make it. The company's headquarters was designed to be converted into a giant shopping mall. But who will be left to shop there would be a mystery. If GM does follow Ford and Chrysler to the suburbs, the city's tax base takes another hit. Even worse, it sends a signal that even Detroit's oldest and most-stories companies don't want to stay.
When people talk about the city rebounding, they point to Pittsburgh after the decline of steel. The three rivers aren't lined with mile-long mills anymore. Only a few blast furnaces flash in the night sky anywhere near downtown. But Pittsburgh's city center still houses the likes of U.S. Steel, Alcoa, Mellon and PNC Banks and PPG Industries. Major universities are a few miles from downtown. If Detroit starts to lose the last of its highly-skilled workers and jobs, forget about a recovery. The city will become a tale of urban decay like we have never seen.


text: Green Hornet's Black Beauty Wrecked On Set, Kato To Blame?Matt Hardigree9/08/09 2:40pmFiled to: Movie Carsthe green hornetBlack BeautyGreen Hornet CrashBlack Beauty CrashSeth RogenHornetChrysler ImperialImperial CrownChrysler Crown ImperialTopio9501EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink The gorgeous Black Beauty Crown Imperial from The Green Hornet remake appears to have crashed during filming. No word on injuries, but rescue crews can be seen in photos from the set. We were there for the unveiling of the Black Beauty and learned that Seth Rogen, set to play the titular Green Hornet, was a fan of the site. We wish him the best in this endeavor and, of course, just assume it was Kato driving. Hopefully, this was just part of the filming and not an accident — though it looks fairly real to us. The vehicle seems to have nosed itself right into the CAA building in Century City. (Hat tip to James!) [Photos from JustJared.com] [via JustJared.com] [via JustJared.com] [via JustJared.com]Reply50 repliesLeave a reply


text:
Early Childhood Education
Early Childhood Education
Early childhood educators support the growth and development of children from birth to age 8 in a variety of early learning settings that include preschools, center-based and home-based child care programs, Head Start, ECEAP, infant and toddler learning environments, and school-age classes.
Teachers play an important role in the lives of children and their families in our community. Gain the skills and knowledge in this growing field that applies professionally based best practices to quality early experiences of young children. Join this challenging and rewarding field as an educator, advocate, and leader in the present and future success of children!
Make a Difference to Children and Families
Opportunities at Edmonds Community College
- Gain knowledge and develop career skills towards a one-year certificate or two-year degree.
- Flexible course of study — both day and evening classes are available; attend as a part-time or full-time student and begin any quarter.
- Courses are designed to be meaningful for individuals from a range of backgrounds and differing levels of past experiences with young children.
- Take classes that will transfer to a four-year school in preparation to pursue a Washington state teaching credential and a career in elementary education.
- If you were in progress on the elementary education degree that transfers to many four-year colleges, please note it was eliminated by the Washington State Board of Community and Technical Colleges at the end of Winter quarter 2014. Please contact an advisor to explore your options.
- hands-on skills and practical applications;
- to work in partnership with parents;
- professionally defined best practices;
- to become a child development specialist;
- skills of advocacy and leadership on behalf of children and families; and
- the use of reflection, observation, and decision making to guide your actions.


text:
Talent Brand Management
Analyzing negative materials about your talent brand and address them with sentiment analysis and press release distribution.
Conversion Rate Optimization
Analyzing negative materials about your brand and addressing them with sentiment analysis and press release distribution.
Real-Time Social Media Analytics
We produce bespoke reports and technical audits that can help your business with specific areas of digital marketing.
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We offer online talent marketing services that help recruiters increase their organic search score drastically in order to compete for the highest rankings — even when it comes to highly competitive searches.
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Search Engine & Social Media Optimization Experts
Maximize your presence on search engine results pages on a local scale.
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Link building is and will continue to be a tremendously important component of Search Engine Optimization (SEO).
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Our team specializes in web design and e-commerce that suits the needs of Executive Search.
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text:
A couple of weeks ago I discussed a New York Times report on soaring food stamp use. Yesterday, the New York Times reported that cash welfare use in New York under the federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program started to rise more recently. The Times calls this "something of a riddle" given that food stamp usage has been increasing throughout the recession.
But the Times solves the riddle when it acknowledges: "It is much simpler to receive food stamps than cash assistance." The 1996 welfare reform that replaced the broken Aid for Families with Dependent Children with TANF imposed more stringent time limits and work requirements on recipients. By contrast, the 2002 farm bill expanded food stamp eligibility, increased benefits, and made it easier to claim benefits. The following chart shows the result:
A food stamp user interviewed by the Times explains:
"It used to be easier to go on cash assistance," she said as she left a food stamp office in Brooklyn this month. "You didn't have to go to work, you didn't have to report every day to an office and sign in and sign out. Now, if you don't go to those group job meetings in the mornings, they shut down your whole welfare case. So that's why I just get food stamps."
In the Times article on food stamps, the USDA official in charge of the program was reportedly happy that usage was up and even wanted to see continued growth. The new article quotes an advocate for government welfare programs with similar feelings on cash welfare:
"It should be considered a positive thing and a natural thing as we start to head into a 10 percent overall unemployment rate in New York," said David R. Jones, the president and chief executive of the Community Service Society, one of the city's oldest social services agencies for low-income people. "If unemployment rates continue to spiral upward in New York, and you didn't see an increase in welfare, something would be seriously wrong. That would mean that we weren't getting people on relief quickly enough."
The Community Service Society's website says its mission "is to identify problems which create a permanent poverty class in New York City, and to advocate the systemic changes required to eliminate such problems." But the federal welfare system has created a permanent poverty class.
Michael Tanner got it right in his book, The Poverty of Welfare, that government officials and welfare activists have a vested interest in these programs:
Whatever the intention behind government programs, they are soon captured by special interests. The nature of government is such that programs are almost always implemented in a way to benefit those with a vested interest in them rather than to actually achieve the programs' stated goals. Among the non-poor with a vital interest in anti-poverty programs are social workers and government employees who administer the programs. Thus, anti-poverty programs are usually more concerned with protecting the prerogatives of the bureaucracy than with fighting poverty.


text:
Account Executive, Accessories
- New York, NY
- Full-time
Company Description
Marc Jacobs International
Job Description
The Account Executive will be responsible for Accessories for Marc by Marc Jacobs.
- Track and monitor stock and sales, attempt to identify and optimize sales opportunities and minimize shortfalls / potential liabilities.
- Understanding and ability to run proactive OTBs. Work closely with Business Planning.
- Work in tandem w/ retail merchandising team to ensure that presentation and overall environment is in keeping with standards set forth.
- Provide customer service support and responsible for order maintenance.
- Develop and Maintain strong relationship w/ buying teams and store-line support.
- Manage co-op advertising to ensure budget conservation as well as brand enhancement.
- Devise sales incentives to continually fuel business at point of purchase.
- Bachelor's degree or equivalent
- 5-8 years experience in retail specialty or luxury/fashion environment
- 3+ years at Account Executive level
- Strong retail math skills
- Women's Accessories and Handbag experience preferred
Additional Information
All your information will be kept confidential according to EEO guidelines.


text: Forget About LeBronukkah With This Mindblowing Stop-Motion History Of EvolutionDavid Matthews7/08/10 12:45pmFiled to: GraffitiLebronukkahDeadspin XYStreet ArtbluEvolution on a wallBomb the system5EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Here's a video by street artist Blu, who paints our evolutionary history on various surfaces and records it all with some fine stop-motion animatin'. It features a prokaryote doing a one-hour special called "The Decision." [CultureLab]Reply5 repliesLeave a reply


text:
Chico State students participate in 'Day of Service'
CHICO, Calif. - Chico State students Sunday joined together for a "Day of Service" around the community.
Incoming students and volunteers kicked things off this morning at the Bell Memorial Union on campus, where they registered to help out with a clean up effort around Chico.
From there they spread out into local parks and around town to pick up trash and clear debris.
It's all part of the "Be Chico" campaign, which aims to instill a sense of community in Chico State students.
"It's really just to bring everybody together to remember that we all live here in the same town and to welcome the new students and transfer students in," says Elisa Trimboli, CAVE Outreach Manager. "And also for the community, just to show them how to 'Be Chico' and then for the students to learn what that means."
Sunday's "Day of Service" was the final event in this week's "Wildcat Welcome," with school slated to start Monday.
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text:
Unconscious perceptual processes
This article was inspired by a lecture given by Pamela Smith at the Radboud University Nijmegen.
The purpose of perception is to support behaviour.
Why do we perceive things in the first place? What is the point of it? Is it so we can understand the world? That sounds logical, but that cannot be the whole story. For example a frog can taste, smell and see, but hardly understands. If you look at "lower level" animals you see the direct connection of perception and behaviour.
Frogs have two perceptual systems, one is for finding small objects (=get it and eat it) and the other one is for avoiding large objects (hop away and hide). Thus (at least in frogs) behaviour always follows perception.
But we humans are pretty elaborate creatures (at least we like to see ourselves that way). Do we also have that direct perception-behaviour link? When we see a cup, we do not necessarily have to grasp for it.
What makes us different?
There are two theories of why humans do not react directly to perception (at all times). One of them is called the facilitator-hypothesis and it states that there needs to be another source of energy (facilitator) in order (for the individual) to become active.However another hypothesis has received much more experimental attention and results: The inhibition-hypothesis: Perceptions always elicits action, but action can be inhibited (Gilbert, 1989).
The inhibition option makes sense, because important parts of the brain are the same as in reptiles. However we have some new structures as well. The neocortical area is sort of built on top of older parts of the brain, so it would make sense that it "adds" a function to the basic brain functions. Another important source of information are patients with prefrontal cortex damage. They often have problems controlling their actions and (re)act impulsively. It would seem that their "inhibition" system has somehow become damaged.
Experimental proof for the inhibition hypothesis
Tucker and Ellis (1998) looked at how we perceive objects. Participants had to say whether objects show where right up or upside down. All objects had handles either pointing to the right or the left. They found an interaction effect between handle side and object orientation. For example when the participants saw a teapot pointing to the right they were faster pushing the right key, even when object orientation was irrelevant to the task. The results of this experiment is usually interpreted as proof for the existence of automatic tendencies to interaction with the object. (If you find that interesting read some studies about embodied, embedded cognitions.)
But this is not the only experiment supporting the inhibition hypothesis. There is a brain circuit that is connected to a grasping motion (Chao and Martion 2000). Chao and Martion showed participants different tools. Objects that could be grasped elicited activated that specific brain circuit, even though grasping was not a relevant feature of the task.
Seeing – Taste
Simmons et al. (2005) showed that looking at food pictures activates taste perception. In a study by Zwaan and Taylor (2006), participants turned a button either clockwise or counter-clockwise to indicate whether a sentence makes sense or not. Some of the sentences proposed a clockwise or counter-clockwise motion. Those sentences that implied a certain motion facilitated turning the button in this direction. Again it is important to notice that turning the button was irrelevant to the task.
Chameleon Effect
What about if you see somebody performing a certain behaviour? Are you more likely to perform the same behaviour? Yes: It is called imitation and it makes other people like you. It is what Cartrand & Bargh (1999) call he Chameleon effect. A participant described different pictures together with a confederate. In one condition the confederate did rub their face and shook their feet. Participants did rub the faces and shook their feet more if the confederate did so. The best explanation of why they did so seems to be that through imitation they can build rapport with the other person.
Couples' facial expressions
Another example is the imitation of emotional expressions. From a functional point of view this might help understand emotion (Zajonc et al. 1987). Zajonc looked at romantic partners. If you spend a lot of time with a certain person you naturally mimic that person a lot. If that happens for decade you develop the same sort of wrinkles, because you are making the same sort of facial expressions every day, again and again. Observers rated husband and wife as looking much more similar than random paired strangers.
Priming "elderly" reduces walking speed
Reading about old people makes you walk to the elevator much slower (Bargh, Chen, & Burruws, 1996). In their experiment the task was to make sentences with words that included words that primed participants with the concept of elderly. Thought the spreading of activation with activate the concept of elderly, which in turn activates the concept of elderly. This actually influences walking speed on the way back to the elevator (dependent measurement).
Smell of cleaning fluid makes you behave in a clean way
Rob Holland could show that the same effect can be shown using smell as the activator of a concept (Holland et al. 2005). People filled out an questionnaire in one room. Some participants sat in a room where there was a bucket of water with a little bit of cleaning fluid. Then all participants went into a room free of smells. They then had to eat a biscuit that crumbles a lot (very messy). Participants were recorded on video and observers counted how many times participants picked up the crumbs/cleaned the table. People who first sat in the room with the smell of cleaning fluid did pick up the crumbs significantly more often. Thus we see the concept of perception and action coming back once again. Presumably the smell of the cleaning fluid activated the concept of "clean", which then became connected to action while eating the biscuit.
Conscious or unconscious?
Owen at al. (2006) put patients that were in a vegetative state in the FMRI and they were given instructions to visit different situations, such as playing tennis or visiting the rooms in their home. You can clearly see that the brain activity in the patient and the control show pretty much the same activation pattern. So the patient was able to understand the instructions and act upon it. However was the patient really conscious or could the effect also be explained by unconscious processes?
Unconscious Processes
Pierce and Jastrow 1884 were the first people to research unconscious processes. They had objects that differed in weight. They made themselves blind to what the weights were and took two weights and wrote down which one was heavier (you can try that yourself!). Even when they had a confidence rating of zero, they were doing better than chance. Even though they were reporting the differences, they were not consciously aware of the difference in weight.
Otto Pötzl (1917) showed participants pictures for 10 ms. Some of those pictures appeared in their dreams. More recently Bob Zajonc (1980) said that affect is primary, that it occurs before cognition and does not require cognition. Staple et al. (2002) elaborated on this idea and presented faces to participants on a computer screen. The faces were showing emotional expressions and had clear gender cues. What they found was that when things were presented very quickly people only picked up the emotional information (30ms). When presented a little bit longer (100ms) people were also able to pick up on the gender cue. This makes also sense form a evolutionary perspective: It is very handy to pick up fast on the emotional state of someone.
Murphy and Zajonc (1993) presented participants with happy and angry faces for either 4ms or 1000ms. After the picture participants saw a Chinese ideograph. They had to rate the ideograph on the emotional valence ("What does that mean?"). They showed that the presentation of the face did indeed influence the rating of the ideograph when the picture was presented subliminally. In the other condition (1000ms presentation) the effect was not present. So when people become consciously aware of the emotional stimulus they might correct for emotional influences. However as subliminally presented stimuli never react the conscious mind, one can not be aware of the effect it has on behaviour.
Whalen et al. (1998) presented participants with a happy or a fearful face for 33ms and a neutral face for 167ms. People cannot report seeing two faces, but they only see the neutral face. However they showed different reaction to the faces in the amygdale, a part of the brain that is involved in reactions to dangers.
From unconscious perception to unconscious behaviour
Bargh, Chen & Burrows (1996) subliminally presented participants either with Black faces or White faces. Participants were presented with the face for 26 ms and the immediately saw a bunch of circles. They had to judge whether it is an even or an odd numbers of circles on the screen. After 130 trials they got an error message. The experimenter came in and told them that they had to start all over again. The crucial measurement in the experiment was how the participant would react when told that he or she had to do the task all over again? The results show that people who saw the black faces acted more hostile than people who saw the white faces.
Fitzsimons et al. (2008) did research with subliminal brand perception, especially Apple and IBM computers. Participants saw numbers on the screen and had to keep track of the sum of numbers While participants did that they were primed with either the Apple or the IBM logo (or something unrelated). Then they did a creativity task (Something like "How many unusual uses of the item X can you think of?"). Apple primed people showed more unusual uses than the IBM primed group. Someone should repeat that experiment and test the brand perceotion of Linux…
Subliminal perception is closely related to subliminal advertising. Can we influence People to buy those products that we subliminally brand people with? James Vicary primed people with "drink Coke" or "eat popcorn" and told that people bought a lot more. However this most probably is a hoax, as no one has ever seen real data.
But people had already an attitude about Coke. Can we also change attitudes that people already have? You might remember the subliminal advertising that the Bush campaign used in the 2000 election? The gore administration as the bureauc-RATS. But that really was not subliminal.
So can you affect peoples behaviour? Johan Karremans looked at that in a consumer behaviour situation. He started out by making some participants thirsty and others not. Participants had to taste salty sweets (drop) – in an alleged tong letter detection test to make sure they were really sucking on the drop. Then were then primed with Lipton ice or Npeic Tol. There was a priming effect, but only to people who were thirsty. So subliminally priming works but only when people are in the right state.
Does subliminal self-help work?
Ap Dijksterhuis (2004) tried to improve participants self-esteem with a subliminal condition paradigm with the word I and positive adjectives such as warm, sweet, nice, sincere…
Frame 1: Xxx
Frame 2: I
Frame 3: Nice
When people see themselves paired with positive words they showed more positive self-esteem (tested with the name-letter-effect).
So what can we do with subliminal influencing? Well it is not sure, the field is just starting, Only in the last decade we have computers that can present stimuli in a very short time. There is good experimental software now that we can use and a lot of new test paradigms have been developed.
Written by Martin Glanert
February 23, 2009 at 6:09 pm
Posted in Social Cognition
Tagged with Bargh, behavioral targeting, behaviour, Burruws, Cartrand, Chao, Chen, Dijksterhuis, Ellis, embodied embedded cognitions, Evolution, Fitzsimons, Holland, inhibition hypothesis, Jastrow, Karremans, Martion, Murphy, Owen, Pamela Smith, Pötzl, perception, Pierce, self-esteem, Simmons, subliminal, Taylor, Tucker, unconscious processes, Vicary, Whalen, Zajonc, Zwaam
5 Responses
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Hi Martin
Thank you for writing this article. It was a joy to read.
My attention goes out to the experiments where (short term memory) emotional recognition seems to have a major influence in conscious recall and therefore behaviour.
It connects emotional intelligence theories in leadership and management programmes with the 'therapeutic' observations of transferance and counter-transferance obstruction of inter-personal communication. (2nd element of Prof Petruska Clarkson's 5 Relationship model).
I also read your article on Behavioral Assessment of Social Anxiety in the Free Speech Task.
I wonder if you have had any thoughts on repeting these experiments with people who live or have lived with an Alcohol Dependency. As this group suffer from extreme forms of social anxiety.
Kind regards
Eddy KloproggeFebruary 26, 2009 at 10:43 am
Hi Eddy,
Thanks for your comment. I think we are actually starting to ask the right questions. Certainly focusing on behaviour instead of some vague cognitive or emotional constructs has brought the theory-theory (think university) and real-life-theory (think leadership and management programs) closer together.
In my perspective science has a lot to catch up when it comes to having practical implications in everyday life. However, those leadership and management programs can also benefit from it, as using sound science principles will definitely affect effect size of the training.
February 26, 2009 at 12:12 pm
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The Horse Forum
- Other Pets
- - Any rabbit experts here?
Any rabbit experts here? We have a neutered male English spot and a female dutch. The female escaped a week ago today. For the first three or four days she stuck close to their pen, but all our efforts to catch her failed. The next couple of days we didn't see her at all and only by a miracle did we see her and catch her tonight. There are several wild rabbits on our property and my question is...does anyone know if it is possible that she could have mated with a wild one? |
I'm not an expert but I know alot about rabbits. There is a possibility. All I would do is watch for signs of pregnancy. I'm not much help, I know. :oops: |
I know practically nothing about rabbits but I believe there is a strong possibility that she could have mated with one. Just watch for signs. |
its a possibile |
If there are wild rabbits around it is 100% possible that she may have mated. It happened to me when my female got out overnight...whoops! |
Crap. I was really hoping a week wasn't enough time for her to..uh..establish a relationship with another. Well, I guess I better get wise to rabbit breeding since I'm completely clueless. Precisely why Oreo is neutered as I didn't want to deal with it. Thanks for the input everyone! One more thing, if she appears to be pregnant will I have to separate her from Oreo? (Just wondering if maybe he'd try to harm the babies.) |
I don't think he'd try to harm the babies. I've bred show rabbits before...the females can get nasty and moody. So I keep them separate. |
Rabbits if they are together with the opposite sex will more the likel mate. Most of them, even if they are brother and siter will mate. They are like guinea pigs, guinea pigs mate with all the emales, then once they have babies they mate again. Even if it's it's sisters! So by keeping them away from the wild rabbits would be a good thing to do. Also, if she isn't pregnant, they're good be a good reason for that, rabbits sometimes don't accept outside rabbits for a while, so that could be why they didn't mate! Good luck! |
when it comes to a female and male rabbit they dont need to be friends in order to do the dirty deed with each other. Only when the unfamiliar female and male are kept togther for some time will they attack each other (basically after they breed). If she is pregant it is going to be hard to tell, the gestation is 28-31 days... by pushing on the belly you could cause her to abort them early. She will increase eating/drinking and gain some weight. Does she have a hutch with straw on her cage? If so and she is pregnant she will start to pull her hair out a day or two before she gives birth to form a nest. DO NOT touch the babies with your hands (instead move hair with straw or something). This will cause the female to kill and possibly start to eat her babies. They do this because they feel threatened (ya sounds nasty) If cats or dogs or any other animal lurks nearby it could set the female off to do this too. First time mothers get more freaked out and tend to kill their babies. After the babies start to hop around more it is ok to touch them (a few weeks). If you dont have a hutch or box for her to make a nest in she will pull some hair and have them but they will die fairly soon. ummm im trying to think what else... I would think it is unlikely that she is prego but it is possible (but only takes one try). My faimly raise rabbits (along with many other tyoes of animals) when I was growing up. We had french angora, mini rex, rex, new zealand, mini lop, dutch, havana... and a few other breeds. I showed them in 4-H and also sold the babies for pets, breeding, and eating. There is tons of info on the internet. Hopes this helps and best of luck!!! |
It's very likely she could get pregnant and you don't want the male around her or the babies if she gives birth. You'll have to look into a special place to put her until you know for sure. Also contact your local rabbit group or vet and get more info. Not sure how easy it would be to adopt out half wild/half domestic rabbits if you decide not to keep them. |
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