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Numerical investigation on vibration and noise induced by unsteady flow in an axial-flow pump
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chen, Eryun; Ma, Zui Ling; Yang, Ai Ling; Nan, Guo Fang [School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Zhao, Gai Ping [School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai (China); Li, Guo Ping [Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute, Shanghai (China)
Full-scale structural vibration and noise induced by flow in an axial-flow pump was simulated by a hybrid numerical method. An unsteady flow field was solved by a large eddy simulation-based computational fluid dynamics commercial code, Fluent. An experimental validation on pressure fluctuations was performed to impose an appropriate vibration exciting source. The consistency between the computed results and experimental tests were interesting. The modes of the axial-flow pump were computed by the finite element method. After that, the pump vibration and sound field were solved using a coupled vibro-acoustic model. The numerical results indicated that the the blade-passing frequency was the dominant frequency of the vibration acceleration of the pump. This result was consistent with frequency spectral characteristics of unsteady pressure fluctuation. Finally, comparisons of the vibration acceleration between the computed results and the experimental test were conducted. These comparisons validated the computed results. This study shows that using the hybrid numerical method to evaluate the flow-induced vibration and noise generated in an axial-flow pump is feasible.
Investigation of the correlation between noise and vibration characteristics and unsteady flow in a circulator pump
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wu, Denghao; Ren, Yun; Mou, Jiegang; Gu, Yunqing [Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou (China)
Circulator pumps have wide engineering applications but the acoustics, vibration and unsteady flow structures of the circulator pump are still not fully understood. We investigated the noise and vibration characteristics and unsteady flow structures in a circulator pump at different flow rates. Three-dimensional, unsteady RANS equations were solved on high-quality structured meshes with SST k-ω turbulence model numerically. Measurements were made in a semi-anechoic chamber to get an overview of noise and vibration level of a pump at different flow rates. The 1/3 octave-band filter technique was applied to obtain the explicit frequency spectra of sound, pressure fluctuations and vibration signals and their principal frequencies were identified successfully. The air-borne noise level of the designed condition is lower than that of the off-design conditions, and the highest sound pressure level is found at part-load condition. The acoustic emission from the pump is mainly caused by unsteady flow structures and pressure fluctuations. In addition, both the link between air- borne noise and pressure fluctuation, and the correlation between vibration and unsteady hydrodynamic forces, were quantitatively examined and verified. This work offers good data to understand noise and vibration characteristics of circulator pumps and the relationships among the noise, vibration and unsteady flow structures.
Numerical Research about Influence of Blade Outlet Angle on Flow-Induced Noise and Vibration for Centrifugal Pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ailing Yang
Full Text Available A hybrid numerical method was used to calculate the flow-induced noise and vibration of the centrifugal pump in the paper. The unsteady flows inside the centrifugal pumps with different blade outlet angles were simulated firstly. The unsteady pressure on the inner surface of the volute and the unsteady force applied on the impeller were analyzed. Then the vibration of the volute and sound field were calculated based on an acoustic-vibro-coupling method. The results show that the pump head has increased 7% while the hydraulic efficiency decreased 11.75% as blade outlet angles increased from 18° to 39°. The amplitude of pressure fluctuation at the first blade passing frequency has decreased but increased at the second-order blade passing frequency as the angle growing. The total fluctuation power near volute tongue goes up about 12% every 3° increment of blade outlet angle. The results also show that vibrating-velocity of the volute at second-order blade passing frequency is much higher than at other frequencies, and the velocity increases rapidly as blade outlet angle varies from 18° to 39°. At the same time, the sound pressure level outside the pump has increased about 8.6 dB when the angle increased from 18° to 39°.
Evaluation of Flow-Induced Dynamic Stress and Vibration of Volute Casing for a Large-Scale Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump
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Fu-Jun Wang
Full Text Available The transient analysis was carried out to investigate the dynamic stress and vibration of volute casing for a large double-suction centrifugal pump by using the transient fluid-structure interaction theory. The flow pulsations at flow rate ranging from 60% to 100% of the nominal flow rate (Qd were taken as the boundary conditions for FEM analysis of the pump volute casing structure. The results revealed that, for all operating conditions, the maximum stress located at the volute tongue region, whereas the maximum vibration displacement happened close to the shaft hole region. It was also found that the blade passing frequency and its harmonics were dominant in the variations of dynamic stress and vibration displacement. The amplitude of the dominant frequency for the maximum stress detected at 0.6 Qd was 1.14 times that at Qd, lower than the related difference observed for pressure fluctuations (3.23 times. This study provides an effective method to quantify the flow-induced structural dynamic characteristics for a large-scale double-suction pump. It can be used to direct the hydraulic and structural design and stable operation, as well as fatigue life prediction for large-scale pumps.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Radial Gap and Impeller Blade Exit on Flow-Induced Vibration at the Blade-Passing Frequency in a Centrifugal Pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. Al-Qutub
Full Text Available It has been recognized that the pressure pulsation excited by rotor-stator interaction in large pumps is strongly influenced by the radial gap between impeller and volute diffusers/tongues and the geometry of impeller blade at exit. This fluid-structure interaction phenomenon, as manifested by the pressure pulsation, is the main cause of flow-induced vibrations at the blade-passing frequency. In the present investigation, the effects of the radial gap and flow rate on pressure fluctuations, vibration, and pump performance are investigated experimentally for two different impeller designs. One impeller has a V-shaped cut at the blade's exit, while the second has a straight exit (without the V-cut. The experimental findings showed that the high vibrations at the blade-passing frequency are primarily raised by high pressure pulsation due to improper gap design. The existence of V-cut at blades exit produces lower pressure fluctuations inside the pump while maintaining nearly the same performance. The selection of proper radial gap for a given impeller-volute combination results in an appreciable reduction in vibration levels.
Oxygenation to Bovine Blood in Artificial Heart and Lung Using Vibrating Flow Pump: Experiment and Numerical Analysis Based on Non-Newtonian Model
Shintaku, Hirofumi; Yonemura, Tsubasa; Tsuru, Kazuaki; Isoyama, Takashi; Yambe, Tomoyuki; Kawano, Satoyuki
In this study, we construct an experimental apparatus for a prototype artificial heart and lung (AHL) by installing hollow fibers into the cylindrical tube of the vibrating flow pump (VFP). The oxygenation characteristics are investigated both by experiments using bovine blood and by numerical analyses based on the computational fluid dynamics. The analyses are carried out at the Reynolds numbers Re ranged from O(1) to O(103), which are determined based on the experimental conditions. The blood flow and the diffusion of oxygen gas are analyzed based on the Newtonian/non-Newtonian, unsteady, incompressible and axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations, and the advection-diffusion equation. The results show that the oxygenation rate increases in proportion to Re1/3, where the phenomenon corresponds to the decreasing thickness of the concentration boundary layer with Re. Although the effects of the vibrating flow and the rheology of the blood are clearly appeared on the velocity field, their effects on the gas exchange are relatively small at the ranges of prescribed Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, the numerical results in terms of the oxygenation rate are compared with the experimental ones. The basic design data of VFP were accumulated for the development of AHL in the clinical applications.
Vibration of safety injection pump motors
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wattrelos, D.
This paper covers a fault encountered in the safety injection pump motors of the French 900 MWe unit nuclear power stations. This fault was not revealed either during the low pressure safety injection and containment spray system pump qualification tests under accident conditions or during the special tests on a test bench carried out to attempt to replicate the fault and to identify ways of remedying it. This constitutes a potential common mode of failure of the safety injection system and the containment spray system pumps. The vibration phenomena illustrate the importance of carrying out tests in the plants under conditions as close as possible to those of actual accident situations.
Vibrational energy flow in substituted benzenes
Pein, Brandt C.
Using ultrafast infrared (IR) Raman spectroscopy, vibrational energy flow was monitored in several liquid-state substituted benzenes at ambient temperature. In a series of mono-halogenated benzenes, X-C6H 5 (X = F, Cl, Br, I), a similar CH-stretch at 3068 cm-1 was excited using picosecond IR pulses and the resulting vibrational relaxation and overall vibrational cooling processes were monitored with anti-Stokes spectroscopy. In the molecules with a heavier halide substituent the CH-stretch decayed slower while midrange vibrations decayed faster. This result was logical if the density of states (DOS) in the first few tiers, which is the DOS composed of vibrations with smaller quantum number, is what primarily determines energy flow. For tiers 1-4, the DOS was nearly identical in the CH-stretch region while it increased in the midrange region for heavier halide mass. Excitation spectroscopy, an extension of 3D IR-Raman spectroscopy, was developed and used to selectively pump vibrations localized to the substituent or the phenyl group in nitrobenzene (NB), o-fluoronitrobenzene (OFNB) and o-nitrotoluene (ONT) and in the alkylbenzene series toluene, isopropylbenzene (IPB), and t-butylbenzene (TBB). Using quantum chemical calculations, each Raman active vibration was sorted, according to their atomic displacements, into three classifications: substituent, phenyl, or global. Using IR pump wavenumbers that initially excited substituent or phenyl vibrations, IR-Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor energy flowing from the substituent to phenyl vibrations and vice versa. In NB nitro-to-phenyl and nitro-to-global energy flow was almost nonexistent while phenyl-to-nitro and phenyl-to-global was weak. When ortho substituents (-CH3, -F) were introduced, energy flow from nitro-to-phenyl and nitro-to-global was activated. In ONT, phenyl-to-nitro energy flow ceased possibly due to the added methyl group diverting energy from entering the nitro vibrations. Energy flow is therefore
Magnetic heat pump flow director
Howard, Frank S. (Inventor)
A fluid flow director is disclosed. The director comprises a handle body and combed-teeth extending from one side of the body. The body can be formed of a clear plastic such as acrylic. The director can be used with heat exchangers such as a magnetic heat pump and can minimize the undesired mixing of fluid flows. The types of heat exchangers can encompass both heat pumps and refrigerators. The director can adjust the fluid flow of liquid or gas along desired flow directions. A method of applying the flow director within a magnetic heat pump application is also disclosed where the comb-teeth portions of the director are inserted into the fluid flow paths of the heat pump.
Ingersoll-Rand Research, Inc.'s use of COSMIC's computer program MERIDL permits designers to evaluate performance and efficiency characteristics to be expected from the pump's impeller. It also provides information that enables a trained hydraulic engineer to make design improvements. Company was able to avoid the cost of developing new software and to improve some product design features.
Vibration Characteristics Induced by Cavitation in a Centrifugal Pump with Slope Volute
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ning Zhang
Full Text Available Cavitation is one of the instability sources in centrifugal pump, which would cause some unexpected results. The goal of this paper was to analyze the influence of cavitation process on different frequency bands in a centrifugal pump with slope volute. And special attention was paid to low frequency signals, which were often filtered in the reported researches. Results show that at noncavitation condition, vibration level is closely related to flow structure interior pump. At partial flow rates, especially low flow rates, vibration level increases rapidly with the onset of rotating stall. At cavitation condition, it is proved that cavitation process has a significant impact on low frequency signals. With cavitation number decreasing, vibration level first rises to a local maximum, then it drops to a local minimum, and finally it rises again. At different flow rates, vibration trends in variable frequency bands differ obviously. Critical point inferred from vibration level is much larger than that from 3% head drop, which indicates that cavitation occurs much earlier than that reflected in head curve. Also, it is noted that high frequency signals almost increase simultaneously with cavitation occurring, which can be used to detect cavitation in centrifugal pump.
Magnetic Heat Pump Containing Flow Diverters
Howard, Frank S.
Proposed magnetic heat pump contains flow diverters for suppression of undesired flows. If left unchecked, undesired flows mix substantial amounts of partially heated and partially cooled portions of working fluid, effectively causing leakage of heat from heated side to cooled side. By reducing leakage of heat, flow diverters increase energy efficiency of magnetic heat pump, potentially offering efficiency greater than compressor-driven refrigerator.
Measurement of Vibrational Non-Equilibrium in a Supersonic Freestream Using Dual-Pump CARS
Cutler, Andrew D.; Magnotti, Gaetano; Cantu, Luca M. L.; Gallo, Emanuela C. A.; Danehy, Paul M.; Burle, Rob; Rockwell, Robert; Goyne, Christopher; McDaniel, James
Measurements have been conducted at the University of Virginia Supersonic Combustion Facility of the flow in a constant area duct downstream of a Mach 2 nozzle, where the airflow has first been heated to approximately 1200 K. Dual-pump CARS was used to acquire rotational and vibrational temperatures of N2 and O2 at two planes in the duct at different downstream distances from the nozzle exit. Wall static pressures in the nozzle are also reported. With a flow of clean air, the vibrational temperature of N2 freezes at close to the heater stagnation temperature, while the O2 vibrational temperature is about 1000 K. The results are well predicted by computational fluid mechanics models employing separate "lumped" vibrational and translational/rotational temperatures. Experimental results are also reported for a few percent steam addition to the air and the effect of the steam is to bring the flow to thermal equilibrium.
Fabrication of a gas flow device consisting of micro-jet pump and flow sensor
Tanaka, Katsuhiko; Dau, Van T.; Otake, Tomonori; Dinh, Thien X.; Sugiyama, Susumu
A gas-flow device consisting of a valveless micro jet pump and flow sensor has been designed and fabricated using a Si micromachining process. The valveless micro pump is composed of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) diaphragm actuator and flow channels. The design of the valvless pump focuses on a crosss junction formed by the neck of the pump chamber and one outlet and two opposite inlet channnels. The structure allows differences in the fluidic resistance and fluidic momentum inside the channels during each pump vibration cycle, which leads to the gas flow being rectified without valves. Before the Si micro-pump was developed, a prototype of it was fabricated using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a conventional machining techinique, and experiments on it confirmed the working principles underlying the pump. The Si micro-pump was designed and fabricated based on these working principles. The Si pump was composed of a Si flow channel plate and top and botom covers of PMMA. The flow channels were easily fabricated by using a silicon etching process. To investigate the effects of the step nozzle structure on the gas flow rate, two types of pumps with different channel depths (2D- and 3D-nozzle structures) were designed, and flow simulations were done using ANSYS-Fluent software. The simulations and excperimental data revealed that the 3D-nozzle structure is more advantageous than the 2D-nozzle structure. A flow rate of 4.3 ml/min was obtained for the pump with 3D-nozzle structure when the pump was driven at a resonant frequency of 7.9 kHz by a sinusoidal voltage of 40Vpp. A hot wire was fabricated as a gas-flow sensor near the outlet port on the Si wafer.
Vibration assessment for thrombus formation in the centrifugal pump.
Nakazawa, T; Makinouchi, K; Takami, Y; Glueck, J; Tayama, E; Nosé, Y
To clarify the correlation of vibration and thrombus formation inside a rotary blood pump, 40 preliminary vibration studies were performed on pivot bearing centrifugal pumps. No such studies were found in the literature. The primary data acquisition equipment included an accelerometer (Isotron PE accelerometer, ENDEVCO, San Juan Capistrano, CA, U.S.A.), digitizing oscilloscope (TDS 420, Tektronix Inc., Pittsfield, MA, U.S.A.), and pivot bearing centrifugal pumps. The pump impeller was coupled magnetically to the driver magnet. The accelerometer was mounted on the top of the pump casing to sense radial and axial accelerations. To simulate the 3 common areas of thrombus formation, a piece of silicone rubber was attached to each of the following 3 locations as described: a circular shape on the center bottom of the impeller (CI), an eccentric shape on the bottom of the impeller (EI), and a circular shape on the center bottom casing (CC). A fast Fourier transform (FFT) method at 5 L/min against 100 mm Hg, with a pump rotating speed of 1,600 rpm was used. The frequency response of the vibration sensors used spans of 40 Hz to 2 kHz. The frequency domain was already integrated into the oscilloscope, allowing for comparison of the vibration results. The area of frequency domain at a radial direction was 206 +/- 12.7 mVHz in CI, 239.5 +/- 12.1 mVHz in EI, 365 +/- 12.9 mVHz in CC, and 163 +/- 7.9 mVHz in the control (control vs. CI p = 0.07, control vs. EI p < 0.001, control vs. CC p < 0.001, EI vs. CC p < 0.001, CI vs. CC p < 0.001). Three types of imitation thrombus formations were roughly distinguishable. These results suggested the possibility of detecting thrombus formation using vibration signals, and these studies revealed the usefulness of vibration monitoring to detect thrombus formation in a centrifugal pump.
Characterization of a water pump for drum-type washing machine by vibration power approach
Heo, YongHwa; Kim, Kwang-joon
Water pumps used in drum-type washing machines to save water are likely to make the washing process noisier than the one without those because the water pumps attached usually onto cabinet structure work as additional vibration and noise sources. In order to either counteract such vibration and noise problems by stiffness design of the cabinet structure or classify the water pumps from the view point of an acceptance test, characterization of the water pumps as excitation sources would be essential. In this paper, several methods to characterize a water pump as an excitation source are investigated. Measurements by traditional methods of blocked force and/or free velocity for a water pump of 35 W are presented. Two methods of vibration power suggested rather recently are reviewed. Then, another method of the vibration power is proposed. Estimations of the vibration power for the water pump operating on a beam structure are obtained and discussed comparatively.
Gülich, Johann Friedrich
This book gives an unparalleled, up-to-date, in-depth treatment of all kinds of flow phenomena encountered in centrifugal pumps including the complex interactions of fluid flow with vibrations and wear of materials. The scope includes all aspects of hydraulic design, 3D-flow phenomena and partload operation, cavitation, numerical flow calculations, hydraulic forces, pressure pulsations, noise, pump vibrations (notably bearing housing vibration diagnostics and remedies), pipe vibrations, pump characteristics and pump operation, design of intake structures, the effects of highly viscous flows, pumping of gas-liquid mixtures, hydraulic transport of solids, fatigue damage to impellers or diffusers, material selection under the aspects of fatigue, corrosion, erosion-corrosion or hydro-abrasive wear, pump selection, and hydraulic quality criteria. As a novelty, the 3rd ed. brings a fully analytical design method for radial impellers, which eliminates the arbitrary choices inherent to former design procedures. The d...
Investigation on Flow-Induced Noise due to Backflow in Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pumps
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Qiaorui Si
Full Text Available Flow-induced noise causes disturbances during the operation of centrifugal pumps and also affects their performance. The pumps often work at off-design conditions, mainly at part-load conditions, because of frequent changes in the pump device system. Consequently numerous unstable phenomena occur. In low specific speed centrifugal pumps the main disturbance is the inlet backflow, which is considered as one of the most important factors of flow-induced noise and vibration. In this study, a test rig of the flow-induced noise and vibration of the centrifugal pump was built to collect signals under various operating conditions. The three-dimensional unsteady flow of centrifugal pumps was calculated based on the Reynolds-averaged equations that resemble the shear stress transport (SST k-ω turbulence model. The results show that the blade passing frequency and shaft frequency are dominant in the spectrum of flow-induced noise, whereas the shaft component, amplitude value at shaft frequency, and peak frequencies around the shaft increase with decreasing flow. Through flow field analysis, the inlet backflow of the impeller occurs under 0.7 times the design flow. The pressure pulsation spectrum with backflow conditions validates the flow-induced noise findings. The velocity characteristics of the backflow zone at the inlet pipe were analyzed, and the dynamic characteristics of the backflow eddy during one impeller rotating period were simultaneously obtained by employing the backflow conditions. A flow visualization experiment was performed to confirm the numerical calculations.
Study on hydraulic exciting vibration due to flexible valve in pump system with method of characteristics in the time domain
Yu, Y. H.; Liu, D.; Yang, X. F.; Si, J.
To analyse the flow characteristics of leakage as well as the mechanism of selfexcited vibration in valves, the method of characteristics was used to assess the effect of flexible valve leakage on the self-excited vibration in water-supply pump system. Piezometric head in upstream of the valve as a function of time was obtained. Two comparative schemes were proposed to simulate the process of self-excited vibration by changing the length, the material of the pipeline and the leakage of valves in the above pump system. It is shown that the length and material of the pipe significantly affect the amplitude and cycle of self-excited vibration as well as the increasing rate of the vibration amplitude. In addition, the leakage of the valve has little influence on the amplitude and cycle of self-excited vibration, but has a significant effect on the increasing rate of vibration amplitude. A pipe explosion accident may occur without the inhibiting of self-excited vibration.
Numerical Research on Hydraulically Generated Vibration and Noise of a Centrifugal Pump Volute with Impeller Outlet Width Variation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Houlin Liu
Full Text Available The impeller outlet width of centrifugal pumps is of significant importance for numbers of effects. In the paper, these effects including the performance, pressure pulsations, hydraulically generated vibration, and noise level are investigated. For the purpose, two approaches were used to predict the vibration and sound radiation of the volute under fluid excitation force. One approach is the combined CFD/FEM analysis for structure vibration, and then the structure response obtained from the FEM analysis is treated as the boundary condition for BEM analysis for sound radiation. The other is the combined CFD/FEM/BEM coupling method. Before the numerical methods were used, the simulation results were validated by the vibration acceleration of the monitoring points on the volute. The vibration and noise were analyzed and compared at three flow conditions. The analysis of the results shows that the influences of the sound pressure of centrifugal pumps on the structure appear insignificant. The relative outlet width b2* at nq(SI = 26.7 in this paper should be less than 0.06, based on an overall consideration of the pump characteristics, pressure pulsations, vibration and noise level.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Belhadef RACHID
Full Text Available Spectral analysis is the key tool for the study of vibration signals in rotating machinery. In this work, the vibration analy-sis applied for conditional preventive maintenance of such machines is proposed, as part of resolved problems related to vibration detection on the organs of these machines. The vibration signal of a centrifugal pump was treated to mount the benefits of the approach proposed. The obtained results present the signal estimation of a pump vibration using Fourier transform technique compared by the spectral analysis methods based on Prony approach.
Leakage Flow Influence on SHF pump model performances
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Dupont, Patrick; Bayeul-Lainé, Annie-Claude; Dazin, Antoine; Bois, Gérard; Roussette, Olivier; Si, Qiaorui
This paper deals with the influence of leakage flow existing in SHF pump model on the analysis of internal flow behaviour inside the vane diffuser of the pump model performance using both experiments and calculations...
Leakage Flow Influence on SHF pump model performances
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Dupont, Patrick; Bayeul-Lainé, Annie-Claude; Dazin, Antoine; Bois, Gérard; Roussette, Olivier; Si, Qiaorui
This paper deals with the influence of leakage flow existing in SHF pump model on the analysis of internal flow behaviour inside the vane diffuser of the pump model performance using both experiments and calculations...
Bistable flow spectral analysis. Repercussions on jet pumps
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gavilan Moreno, C.J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Cofrentes NPP, Engineering Dept., Iberdrola (Spain)
Highlights: > The most important thing in this paper, is the spectral characterization of the bistable flow in a Nuclear Power Plant. > This paper goes deeper in the effect of the bistable flow over the jet pump and the induced vibrations. > The jet pump frequencies are very close to natural jet pump frequencies, in the 3rd and 6th mode. - Abstract: There have been many attempts at characterizing and predicting bistable flow in boiling water reactors (BWRs). Nevertheless, in most cases the results have only managed to develop models that analytically reproduce the phenomenon (). Modeling has been forensic in all cases, while the capacity of the model focus on determining the exclusion areas on the recirculation flow map. The bistability process is known by its effects given there is no clear definition of its causal process. In the 1980s, Hitachi technicians () managed to reproduce bistable flow in the laboratory by means of pipe geometry, similar to that which is found in recirculation loops. The result was that the low flow pattern is formed by the appearance of a quasi stationary, helicoidal vortex in the recirculation collector's branches. This vortex creates greater frictional losses than regions without vortices, at the same discharge pressure. Neither the behavior nor the dynamics of these vortices were characterized in this paper. The aim of this paper is to characterize these vortices in such a way as to enable them to provide their own frequencies and their later effect on the jet pumps. The methodology used in this study is similar to the one used previously when analyzing the bistable flow in tube arrays with cross flow (). The method employed makes use of the power spectral density function. What differs is the field of application. We will analyze a Loop B with a bistable flow and compare the high and low flow situations. The same analysis will also be carried out on the loop that has not developed the bistable flow (Loop A) at the same moments
Model test research on effect of flow accelerating-board in a pumping station
Ding, Yuan; Li, TongChun; Liu, XiaoQing; Guo, Yun; Zhou, MinZhe
Generally, the sedimentation in the forebay of pumping station may result in bad flow patterns, which will decrease efficiency of pump device and cause the vibration of pump house and units, or other safety problems. To research the improvement of this impact in an actual project, a physical model test was established for the original scheme of one pumping station. One part of results show that the flow velocity in the channel of regulating-pool is low under the high-water level condition, and it's easy to cause the sedimentation in the regulating-pool. According to this problem, we propose a flow accelerating-board scheme for the regulating-pool. The final results show that this scheme could effectively increase the flow velocity at the bottom and reduce the sedimentation in the regulating-pool. Although the hydraulic loss of regulating-pool increased, it could be able to satisfy the design requirements.
Whole-body vibration dosage alters leg blood flow
Lythgo, Noel; Eser, Prisca; de Groot, Patricia; Galea, Mary
The effect of whole-body vibration dosage on leg blood flow was investigated. Nine healthy young adult males completed a set of 14 random vibration and non-vibration exercise bouts whilst squatting on a Galileo 900 plate. Six vibration frequencies ranging from 5 to 30 Hz (5 Hz increments) were used
Self Calibrating Flow Estimation in Waste Water Pumping Stations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kallesøe, Carsten Skovmose; Knudsen, Torben
Knowledge about where waste water is flowing in waste water networks is essential to optimize the operation of the network pumping stations. However, installation of flow sensors is expensive and requires regular maintenance. This paper proposes an alternative approach where the pumps and the waste...... water pit are used for estimating both the inflow and the pump flow of the pumping station. Due to the nature of waste water, the waste water pumps are heavily affected by wear and tear. To compensate for the wear of the pumps, the pump parameters, used for the flow estimation, are automatically...... calibrated. This calibration is done based on data batches stored at each pump cycle, hence makes the approach a self calibrating system. The approach is tested on a pumping station operating in a real waste water network....
Influence of the empirical coefficients of cavitation model on predicting cavitating flow in the centrifugal pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hou-lin Liu
Full Text Available The phenomenon of cavitation is an unsteady flow, which is nearly inevitable in pump. It would degrade the pump performance, produce vibration and noise and even damage the pump. Hence, to improve accuracy of the numerical prediction of the pump cavitation performance is much desirable. In the present work, a homogenous model, the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model, is considered to investigate the influence of the empirical coefficients on predicting the pump cavitation performance, concerning a centrifugal pump. Three coefficients are analyzed, namely the nucleation site radius, evaporation and condensation coefficients. Also, the experiments are carried out to validate the numerical simulations. The results indicate that, to get a precise prediction, the approaches of declining the initial bubble radius, the condensation coefficient or increasing the evaporation coefficient are all feasible, especially for declining the condensation coefficient, which is the most effective way.
Intelligent Diagnosis Method for Centrifugal Pump System Using Vibration Signal and Support Vector Machine
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Xue, Hongtao; Li, Zhongxing; Wang, Huaqing; Chen, Peng
...), possibility theory, and Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) on the basis of the vibration signals, to diagnose frequent faults in the centrifugal pump at an early stage, such as cavitation, impeller unbalance, and shaft misalignment...
Frequencies in the Vibration Induced by the Rotor Stator Interaction in a Centrifugal Pump Turbine
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rodriguez, Cristian; Egusquiza, Eduard; Santos, Ilmar
The highest vibration levels in large pump turbines are, in general, originated in the rotor stator interaction (RSI). This vibration has specific characteristics that can be clearly observed in the frequency domain: harmonics of the moving blade passing frequency and a particular relationship am...
Active vibration isolation of a rigidly mounted turbo pump
Basten, T.G.H.; Doppenberg, E.J.J.
Manufacturers of precision equipment are constantly aiming at increased accuracy. Elimination of disturbing vibrations is therefore getting more and more important. The technical limitations of passive isolation methods require alternative strategies for vibration reduction, such as active
A modeling and vibration analysis of a piezoelectric micro-pump diaphragm
Kaviani, Samira; Bahrami, Mohsen; Esfahani, Amir Monemian; Parsi, Behzad
The vibration analysis of a micro-pump diaphragm is presented. A piezoelectric micro-pump is studied. For this purpose, a dynamic model of the micro-pump is derived. The micro-pump diaphragm is modeled as circular double membranes, a piezoelectric one as actuator and a silicon one for representing the membrane for pumping action. The damping effect of the fluid is introduced into the equations. Vibration analysis is established by explicitly solving the dynamic model. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are calculated. The orthogonality conditions of the system are discussed. To verify the results, the finite-element micro-pump model is developed in ANSYS software package. The results show that the two methods are well comparable.
Flow-induced vibrations an engineering guide
Naudascher, Eduard
Despite their variety, the vibration phenomena from many different engineering fields can be classified into a relatively few basic excitation mechanisms. The classification enables engineers to identify all possible sources of excitation in a given system and to assess potential dangers. This graduate-level text presents a synthesis of research results and practical experience from disparate fields in the form of engineering guidelines. It is particularly geared toward assessing the possible sources of excitation in a flow system, in identifying the actual danger spots, and in finding appropr
Flow Simulation and Performance Prediction of Centrifugal Pumps ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
With the aid of computational fluid dynamics, the complex internal flows in water pump impellers can be well predicted, thus facilitating the product development process of pumps. In this paper a commercial CFD code was used to solve the governing equations of the flow field. A 2-D simulation of turbulent fluid flow is ...
Using Abductive Machine Learning for Online Vibration Monitoring of Turbo Molecular Pumps
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
R.E. Abdel-Aal
Full Text Available Turbo molecular vacuum pumps constitute a critical component in many accelerator installations, where failures can be costly in terms of both money and lost beam time. Catastrophic failures can be averted if prior warning is given through a continuous online monitoring scheme. This paper describes the use of modern machine learning techniques for online monitoring of the pump condition through the measurement and analysis of pump vibrations. Abductive machine learning is used for modeling the pump status as 'good' or 'bad' using both radial and axial vibration signals measured close to the pump bearing. Compared to other statistical methods and neural network techniques, this approach offers faster and highly automated model synthesis, requiring little or no user intervention. Normalized 50-channel spectra derived from the low frequency region (0–10 kHz of the pump vibration spectra provided data inputs for model development. Models derived by training on only 10 observations predict the correct value of the logical pump status output with 100% accuracy for an evaluation population as large as 500 cases. Radial vibration signals lead to simpler models and smaller errors in the computed value of the status output. Performance is comparable with literature data on a similar diagnosis scheme for compressor valves using neural networks.
Study on the Effect of Reciprocating Pump Pipeline System Vibration on Oil Transportation Stations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hongfang Lu
Full Text Available Due to the periodic movement of the piston in the reciprocating pump, the fluid will cause a pressure pulsation, and the resulting pipeline vibration may lead to instrument distortion, pipe failure and equipment damage. Therefore, it is necessary to study the vibration phenomena of reciprocating pump pipelines based on pressure pulsation theory. This paper starts from the reciprocating pump pipe pressure pulsation caused by a fluid, pressure pulsation in the pipeline and the unbalanced exciting force is calculated under the action of the reciprocating pump. Then, the numerical simulation model is established based on the pipe beam model, and the rationality of the numerical simulation method is verified by indoor experiments. Finally, a case study is taken as an example to analyze the vibration law of the pipeline system, and vibration reduction measures are proposed. The following main conclusions are drawn from the analysis: (1 unbalanced exciting forces are produced in the elbows or tee joints, and it can also influence the straight pipe to different levels; (2 in actual engineering, it should be possible to prevent the simultaneous settlement of multiple places; (3 the vibration amplitude increases with the pipe thermal stress, and when the oil temperature is higher than 85 °C, it had a greater influence on the vertical vibration amplitude of the pipe.
Numerical simulation of dynamic flow characteristics in a centrifugal water pump with three-vaned diffuser
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhi-Jun Shuai
Full Text Available The complex three-dimensional turbulent flow field in a centrifugal water pump with three asymmetrical diffusers was numerically simulated. The characteristics of pressure and force fluctuations inside the model pump were investigated. Fast Fourier transformation was performed to obtain the spectra of pressure and force fluctuations. It indicates that the dominant frequency of pressure fluctuations is the blade passing frequency in all the sub-domains inside the pump and the first blade passing frequency energy (first order of blade passing frequency is the most significant. The dominant frequency of pressure fluctuations at the location of diffuser outlet is featured by low frequency (less than 1 Hz, which may be due to the locally generated eddy structures. Besides, the dominant frequency force fluctuations on the impeller blades are also the blade passing frequency. The existence of the three asymmetrical diffusers has damping effect on the pressure fluctuation amplitude and energy amplitude of pressure fluctuations in the diffuser domain dramatically, which indicates that the diffusers can effectively control the hydraulically excited vibration in the pump. Besides, the prediction of the dominant frequency of pressure fluctuations inside the pump can help to utilize the pump effectively and to extend the pump life. The main findings of this work can provide prediction of the pump performance and information for further optimal design of centrifugal pumps as well.
Mean Line Pump Flow Model in Rocket Engine System Simulation
Veres, Joseph P.; Lavelle, Thomas M.
A mean line pump flow modeling method has been developed to provide a fast capability for modeling turbopumps of rocket engines. Based on this method, a mean line pump flow code PUMPA has been written that can predict the performance of pumps at off-design operating conditions, given the loss of the diffusion system at the design point. The pump code can model axial flow inducers, mixed-flow and centrifugal pumps. The code can model multistage pumps in series. The code features rapid input setup and computer run time, and is an effective analysis and conceptual design tool. The map generation capability of the code provides the map information needed for interfacing with a rocket engine system modeling code. The off-design and multistage modeling capabilities of the code permit parametric design space exploration of candidate pump configurations and provide pump performance data for engine system evaluation. The PUMPA code has been integrated with the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) code and an expander rocket engine system has been simulated. The mean line pump flow code runs as an integral part of the NPSS rocket engine system simulation and provides key pump performance information directly to the system model at all operating conditions.
Evidences of turbulent mixing in multi-pumping flow systems.
Fortes, Paula R; Feres, Mario A; Sasaki, Milton K; Alves, Evandro R; Zagatto, Elias A G; Prior, João A V; Santos, João L M; Lima, José L F C
Multi-pumping flow systems exploit pulsed flows delivered by solenoid pumps. Their improved performance rely on the enhanced radial mass transport inherent to the pulsed flow, which is a consequence of the establishment of vortices thus a tendency towards turbulent mixing. This paper presents several evidences of turbulent mixing in relation to pulsed flows, such as recorded peak shape, establishment of fluidized beds, exploitation of flow reversal, implementation of relatively slow chemical reactions and/or heating of the reaction medium. In addition, Reynolds number associated with the GO period of a pulsed flow is estimated and photographic images of dispersing samples flowing under laminar regime and pulsed flow conditions are presented.
The research on flow pulsation characteristics of axial piston pump
Wang, Bingchao; Wang, Yulin
The flow pulsation is an important factor influencing the axial piston pump performance. In this paper we implement modeling and simulation of the axial piston pump with AMESim software to explore the flow pulsation characteristics under various factors . Theory analysis shows the loading pressure, angular speed, piston numbers and the accumulator impose evident influence on the flow pulsation characteristics. This simulation and analysis can be used for reducing the flow pulsation rate via properly setting the related factors.
Unsteady Flow Analysis of Pump Mode Small Discharge Condition for a Francis Pump-turbine
Xiaoran, ZHAO; Yexiang, XIAO; Jincai, XU; Wei, XU; Jianbo, SUN; Zhengwei, WANG; Yangyang, YAO
Unsteady flow phenomena, including vortex flow at runner inlet, helical backflow in the draft tube and numerous vortexes inside the guide vanes, can occur in pump-turbines under off design conditions at pump mode and can impact normal operation of pump-turbines. All of these phenomena cause serious pressure pulsation, which is quite different from cases in normal pump mode. There is also a difference of pressure pulsation frequency and amplitude in different place through the runner. This paper builds a whole flow passage of a model pump-turbine, simulates flow characteristics in runner by CFD technology, analyses pressure pulsation in the runner and explores the origin and mechanism of pressure pulsations. The SST-CC turbulence model is adopted to perform unsteady simulations of the pump-turbine under 0.46Q BEP small discharge condition at pump mode. Unsteady flow structures are proceeded combined with hydraulic loss and pressure amplitude spectra. The results indicates that there is complicated disordered flow inside the runner under 0.46Q BEP small discharge condition at pump mode, shows the amplitude and frequency characteristic of pressure pulsations through runner flow passage.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Pump Sump Flows
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wei-Liang Chuang
Full Text Available The present study analyzes pump sump flows with various discharges and gate submergence. Investigations using a three-dimensional large eddy simulation model and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter are performed. Flow patterns and velocity profiles in the approaching flow are shown to describe the flow features caused by various discharges and gate submergence. The variation of a large-scale spanwise vortex behind a sluice gate is examined and discussed. The suction effect on approaching flow near the pipe column is examined using numerical modeling. To gain more understanding of the vortices variation, a comparison between time-averaged and instantaneous flow patterns is numerically conducted. Additionally, swirl angle, a widely used index for evaluating pump efficiency, is experimentally and numerically examined under various flow conditions. The results indicate that the pump becomes less efficient with increasing discharge and gate submergence. The fluctuation of the free surface over the pump sump is also discussed.
Controls of wellbore flow regimes on pump effluent composition.
Martin-Hayden, James M; Plummer, Mitchell; Britt, Sanford L
Where well water and formation water are compositionally different or heterogeneous, pump effluent composition will vary due to partial mixing and transport induced by pumping. Investigating influences of purging and sampling methodology on composition variability requires quantification of wellbore flow regimes and mixing. As a basis for this quantification, analytical models simulating Poiseuille flow were developed to calculate flow paths and travel times. Finite element modeling was used to incorporate influences of mixing. Parabolic velocity distributions within the screened interval accelerate with cumulative inflow approaching the pump intake while an annulus of inflowing formation water contracts uniformly to displace an axial cylinder of pre-pumping well water as pumping proceeds. Increased dispersive mixing forms a more diffuse formation water annulus and the contribution of formation water to pump effluent increases more rapidly. Models incorporating viscous flow and diffusion scale mixing show that initially pump effluent is predominantly pre-pumping well water and compositions vary most rapidly. After two screen volumes of pumping, 94% of pump effluent is inflowing formation water. Where the composition of formation water and pre-pumping well water are likely to be similar, pump effluent compositions will not vary significantly and may be collected during early purging or with passive sampling. However, where these compositions are expected to be considerably different or heterogeneous, compositions would be most variable during early pumping, that is, when samples are collected during low-flow sampling. Purging of two screen volumes would be required to stabilize the content and collect a sample consisting of 94% formation water. © 2013, National Ground Water Association.
Effect of suction pipe leaning angle and water level on the internal flow of pump sump
Chen, Z.-M.; Lee, Y.-B.; Kim, K.-Y.; Park, S.-H.; Choi, Y.-D.
The pump sump, which connects forebay and intake of pump station, supplies good flow condition for the intake of the pump. If suction sumps are improperly shaped or sized, air entraining vortices or submerged vortices may develop. This may greatly affect pump operation if vortices grow to an appreciable extent. Moreover, the noise and vibration of the pump can be increased by the remaining of vortices in the pump flow passage. Therefore, the vortices in the pump flow passage have to be reduced for a good performance of pump sump station. In this study, the effect of suction pipe leaning angle on the pump sump internal flow with different water level has been investigated by CFD analysis. Moreover, an elbow type pipe was also investigated. There are 3 leaning angles with 0°, 45° and 90° for the suction pipe. The suction pipe inlet centre is kept same for all the cases. In addition, the three different water levels of H/D=1.85, 1.54, and 1.31, is applied to different suction pipe types. The result shows that the amount of air sucked into the suction pipe increases with increasing the suction pipe leaning angle. Especially for the horizontal suction pipe, there is maximum air sucked into the suction pipe. However, there is certain effect of the elbow type bell mouth installation in the horizontal suction pipe on suppressing the amount of air sucked into the pipe. Moreover, vertical suction pipe plays an effective role on reducing the free surface vortex intake area.
Experimental study of the influence of flow passage subtle variation on mixed-flow pump performance
Bing, Hao; Cao, Shuliang
In the mixed-flow pump design, the shape of the flow passage can directly affect the flow capacity and the internal flow, thus influencing hydraulic performance, cavitation performance and operation stability of the mixed-flow pump. However, there is currently a lack of experimental research on the influence mechanism. Therefore, in order to analyze the effects of subtle variations of the flow passage on the mixed-flow pump performance, the frustum cone surface of the end part of inlet contraction flow passage of the mixed-flow pump is processed into a cylindrical surface and a test rig is built to carry out the hydraulic performance experiment. In this experiment, parameters, such as the head, the efficiency, and the shaft power, are measured, and the pressure fluctuation and the noise signal are also collected. The research results suggest that after processing the inlet flow passage, the head of the mixed-flow pump significantly goes down; the best efficiency of the mixed-flow pump drops by approximately 1.5%, the efficiency decreases more significantly under the large flow rate; the shaft power slightly increases under the large flow rate, slightly decreases under the small flow rate. In addition, the pressure fluctuation amplitudes on both the impeller inlet and the diffuser outlet increase significantly with more drastic pressure fluctuations and significantly lower stability of the internal flow of the mixed-flow pump. At the same time, the noise dramatically increases. Overall speaking, the subtle variation of the inlet flow passage leads to a significant change of the mixed-flow pump performance, thus suggesting a special attention to the optimization of flow passage. This paper investigates the influence of the flow passage variation on the mixed-flow pump performance by experiment, which will benefit the optimal design of the flow passage of the mixed-flow pump.
Flow-Induced Vibration of Circular Cylindrical Structures
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Chen, Shoei-Sheng [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Components Technology Division
Flow-induced vibration is a term to denote those phenomena associated with the response of structures placed in or conveying fluid flow. More specifically, the terra covers those cases in which an interaction develops between fluid-dynamic forces and the inertia, damping or elastic forces in the structures. The study of these phenomena draws on three disciplines: (1) structural mechanics, (2) mechanical vibration, and (3) fluid dynamics. The vibration of circular cylinders subject to flow has been known to man since ancient times; the vibration of a wire at its natural frequency in response to vortex shedding was known in ancient Greece as aeolian tones. But systematic studies of the problem were not made until a century ago when Strouhal established the relationship between vortex shedding frequency and flow velocity for a given cylinder diameter. The early research in this area has beer summarized by Zdravkovich (1985) and Goldstein (1965). Flow-induced structural vibration has been experienced in numerous fields, including the aerospace industry, power generation/transmission (turbine blades, heat exchanger tubes, nuclear reactor components), civil engineering (bridges, building, smoke stacks), and undersea technology. The problems have usually been encountered or created accidentally through improper design. In most cases, a structural or mechanical component, designed to meet specific objectives, develops problems when the undesired effects of flow field have not been accounted for in the design. When a flow-induced vibration problem is noted in the design stage, the engineer has different options to eliminate the detrimental vibration. Unfortunately, in many situations, the problems occur after the components are already in operation; the "fix" usually is very costly. Flow-induced vibration comprises complex and diverse phenomena; subcritical vibration of nuclear fuel assemblies, galloping of transmission lines, flutter of pipes conveying fluid, and whirling
Flow distribution and tube vibration in heat exchangers
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Anderson, H.L.
A project was initiated to study flow distribution and tube vibration in heat exchangers. An experimental program was carried out on a full-size heat exchanger in four test phases of parametric study. The flow induced vibration data were used to quantify and develop non-intrusive vibration monitoring techniques for online problem evaluation and to study the influence of design features and conditions on the vibration. The in-tube vibration data obtained have shown that the vibroacoustic and microphone monitoring techniques to be reliable and accurate methods for the detection of tube impacting in an operating heat exchanger. Development of work on the use of a two-accelerator vibroacoustic technique for the location of impacting zones in a bundle showed promise and is currently being employed in the field. The in-tube vibration data have demonstrated the effects that changes in the design of a bundle can have on tube vibration in that bundle. These results indicate that an important factor in bundle design is the local flow distribution in areas of high vibration susceptibility. The in-tube data have demonstrated that tubes in zones other than the inlet region can be susceptible to a form of periodic resonant excitation. This observation has implications for cases where flow reduction is implemented to avoid an instability problem. Such a reduction could bring the tube bundle into a flow regime where it is susceptible to the resonant excitation. 10 refs., 55 figs., 4 tabs.
Vibration analysis during operation of hydraulic pumps; Betriebsschwingungsanalyse an Hydraulikpumpen
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mueller, B. [Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Inst. fuer Fluidtechnische Antriebe und Steuerungen
Hydraulic pumps are the components that cause the most noise in hydraulic systems. Adjustable piston pumps have the highest noise levels, clearly above 85 dB(A). IFAS ivestigates noise reduction options in a swashplate axial piston unit. (orig.) [Deutsch] Hydraulikpumpen sind in einemhydraulischen System meist ide geraeuschbestimmenden Komponenten. Dabei weisen verstellbare Kolbenpumpen die groessten Schallleistungspegel auf - sie erreichen je nach Betriebspunkt Schallleistungen deutlich ueber 85 dB(A). An einer Axialkolbeneinheit in Schraegscheibenbauweise werden am IFAS Moeglichkeiten der Laermminderung untersucht. (orig.)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wang, Jy-An John [ORNL
Since the operation of PS09 SR module in 2007, it has been observed that there is vibration in various parts of the structures, on various segments of piping, and on appurtenance items. At DOT Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) request, ORNL Subject Matter Experts support PHMSA in its review and analysis of the observed vibration phenomenon. The review and analysis consider possible effects of pipeline design features, vibration characteristics, machinery configuration, and operating practices on the structural capacity and leak tight integrity of the pipeline. Emphasis is placed on protection of welded joints and machinery against failure from cyclic loading. A series of vibration measurements were carried out by the author during the site visit to PS09, the power of the operating pump during the data collection is at about 2970KW, which is less than that of APSC's vibration data collected at 3900KW. Thus, a first order proportional factor of 4900/2970 was used to project the measured velocity data to that of APSC's measurement of the velocity data. It is also noted here that the average or the peak-hold value of the measured velocity data was used in the author's reported data, and only the maximum peak-hold data was used in APSC's reported data. Therefore, in some cases APSC's data is higher than the author's projective estimates that using the average data. In general the projected velocity data are consistent with APSC's measurements; the examples of comparison at various locations are illustrated in the Table 1. This exercise validates and confirms the report vibration data stated in APSC's summary report. After the reinforcement project for PS09 Station, a significant reduction of vibration intensity was observed for the associated pipelines at the SR Modules. EDI Co. provided a detailed vibration intensity investigation for the newly reinforced Pump Module structures and the associated
Continuous-flow pump model study: the effect on pump performance of pump characteristics and cardiovascular conditions.
Ferrari, Gianfranco; Kozarski, Maciej; Fresiello, Libera; Di Molfetta, Arianna; Zieliński, Krzysztof; Górczyńska, Krystyna; Pałko, Krzysztof J; Darowski, Marek
This model study evaluates the effect of pump characteristics and cardiovascular data on hemodynamics in atrio-aortic VAD assistance. The model includes a computational circulatory sub-model and an electrical sub-model representing two rotary blood pumps through their pressure-flow characteristics. The first is close to a pressure generator-PG (average flow sensitivity to pressure variations, -0.047 l mmHg(-1)); the second is closer to a flow generator-FG (average flow sensitivity to pressure variations, -0.0097 l mmHg(-1)). Interaction with VAD was achieved by means of two interfaces, behaving as impedance transformers. The model was verified by use of literature data and VAD onset conditions were used as a control for the experiments. Tests compared the two pumps, at constant pump speed, in different ventricular and circulatory conditions: maximum ventricular elastance (0.44-0.9 mmHg cm(-3)), systemic peripheral resistance (781-1200 g cm(-4) s(-1)), ventricular diastolic compliance C p (5-10-50 cm(3) mmHg(-1)), systemic arterial compliance (0.9-1.8 cm(3) mmHg(-1)). Analyzed variables were: arterial and venous pressures, flows, ventricular volume, external work, and surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE). The PG pump generated the highest SHE under almost all conditions, in particular for higher C p (+50 %). PG pump flow is also the most sensitive to E max and C p changes (-26 and -33 %, respectively). The FG pump generally guarantees higher external work reduction (54 %) and flow less dependent on circulatory and ventricular conditions. The results are evidence of the importance of pump speed regulation with changing ventricular conditions. The computational sub-model will be part of a hydro-numerical model, including autonomic controls, designed to test different VADs.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of a mixed flow pump impeller
African Journals Online (AJOL)
CFD) analysis is one of the advanced tools used in the pump industry. A detailed CFD analysis was done to predict the flow pattern inside the impeller which is an active pump component. From the results of CFD analysis, the velocity and ...
Ultrasonic pumping of liquids in the two directions of a vertical tube by a vibrating surface
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Santillan, Arturo Orozco; Cutanda Henriquez, Vicente
It has been reported that it is possible to pump a liquid into the interior of a vertical pipe when its lower end is facing a vibrating plane surface immersed in the liquid. The column of liquid pumped in a thin pipe can be higher than 2 m if the gap between the pipe end and the vibrating...... horizontal surface is very small, around 0.01 mm. In this paper we present experimental results showing that, with a similar set up as the one mentioned above, it is also possible to pump liquids in the opposite direction, from the interior of the pipe through the gap. The general objective of the work has...... been to advance in the understanding of both phenomena. By using the Boundary Element Method, the sound pressure field in the liquid is determined. The velocity field, Lagrangian excess pressure, and sound intensity are obtained from the sound pressure. Experimental results show that the amplitude...
Technical assistance to the manufacture, construction and assembly of Osorio-Canoas oil pipeline flow pumps
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Menezes, Kellson Takenaka; Rangel Junior, Joilson Rangel; Costa, Jose Coelho [Petroleo Brasileiro S/A (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], E-mails: email@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com
This paper reports the experiences acquired through the modifications and improvements implemented in the manufacture, construction and assembly of the oil flow centrifugal pumps of the Osorio-Canoas Oil Pipeline (OSCAN 22''), located in Rio Grande do Sul. The OSCAN 22'' pumping capacity expansion was conceived aiming at meeting the Alberto Pasqualini Refinery (REFAP) processing increase project from 20,000 m{sup 3}/day to 30,000 m{sup 3}/day, besides changing the product profile from processed product to national high viscosity national oils. Due to this reason, a new pump park at the Almirante Soares Dutra Terminal (TEDUT) and a new intermediate pump station named Estacao de Santo Antonio da Patrulha (ESPAT) have been erected. Thus, the oil received by a tanker and stored at TEDUT was now pumped to ESPAT and then to REFAP through a 97 km long and 22 inch diameter oil pipeline named OSCAN 22''. In order to get such oil flow done, 03 new main pumps have been installed at TEDUT, one of them being a stand-by one, and other 03 pumps at ESPAT, one of them being also a stand-by one. During the startup of TEDUT's pumps, high vibration levels were observed in the rotors and in the equipment structures. The values defined by the manufacturer for equipment alarm and shutdown were, respectively, 50.0 {mu}m and 75.0 {mu}m, measured on the pump rotors in the bearing region. However, the global vibration levels of the TEDUT's pumps reached 110.0 {mu}m during the startup attended by the manufacturers. The equipment warranty period started after that, and a detailed activity planning was drawn up with the purpose of keeping TEDUT running with the new pumps at the lowest possible operational risk and avoiding a production reduction at REFAP. Simultaneously, various actions were taken in order to identify the vibration sources and reduce its intensity to the lowest possible values. After equipment modifications, median vibration values at 15
Principle and basic property of the sequential flow pump.
Hara, Shintaro; Maeno, Erina; Li, Xinyang; Yurimoto, Terumi; Isoyama, Takashi; Saito, Itsuro; Ono, Toshiya; Abe, Yusuke
In the emergency care field, early treatment of acute heart or respiratory failure has been a global concern. In severe cases, patients are frequently required to be on an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) life support. To make the ECMO system more compact and portable, we proposed a sequential flow-type centrifugal pump named the sequential flow pump (SFP). In this study, principle and basic properties of this novel blood pump were examined by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis and an experimental model. In the SFP, fluid is given centrifugal force sequentially twice with a single closed impeller. This sequential pressurization mechanism enables high-pressure output without high impeller speed. To realize easy integration of a blood pump with an artificial lung, the inlet and outlet ports are located at lateral side and center of the pump, respectively, which is the reverse configuration of conventional centrifugal pumps. The computational model was composed for CFD analysis and the experimental model was developed for the experiment of the actual pump. For both models, dimension of the impeller and volute was designed to be equal. In the CFD analysis, the SFP could generate higher performance than the single pressurization model with the same rotational speed of the impeller. Basic property of the experimental model was very similar to that of the computational model. The results showed the possibility that the SFP would be more suitable for the compact ECMO system than conventional centrifugal pumps.
Solar-pumped electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer lasers
Harries, W. L.; Wilson, J. W.
The possibility of using solar-pumped lasers as solar energy converters is examined. The absorbing media considered are halogens or halogen compounds, which are dissociated to yield excited atoms, which then hand over energy to a molecular lasing medium. Estimates of the temperature effects for a Br2-CO2-He system with He as the cooling gas are given. High temperatures can cause the lower energy levels of the CO2 laser transition to be filled. The inverted populations are calculated and lasing should be possible. However, the efficiency is less than 0.001. Examination of other halogen-molecular lasant combinations (where the rate coefficients are known) indicate efficiencies in all cases of less than 0.005.
Optimal design of multi-conditions for axial flow pump
Shi, L. J.; Tang, F. P.; Liu, C.; Xie, R. S.; Zhang, W. P.
Passage components of the pump device will have a negative flow state when axial pump run off the design condition. Combined with model tests of axial flow pump, this paper use numerical simulation and numerical optimization techniques, and change geometric design parameters of the impeller to optimal design of multi conditions for Axial Flow Pump, in order to improve the efficiency of non-design conditions, broad the high efficient district and reduce operating cost. The results show that, efficiency curve of optimized significantly wider than the initial one without optimization. The efficiency of low flow working point increased by about 2.6%, the designed working point increased by about 0.5%, and the high flow working point increased the most, about 7.4%. The change range of head is small, so all working point can meet the operational requirements. That will greatly reduce operating costs and shorten the period of optimal design. This paper adopted the CFD simulation as the subject analysis, combined with experiment study, instead of artificial way of optimization design with experience, which proves the reliability and efficiency of the optimization design of multi-operation conditions of axial-flow pump device.
Increase of economy of torque flow pump with high specific speed
Gusak, A. G.; Krishtop, I. V.; German, V. F.; Baga, V. N.
Torque flow pumps are widely spread types of energy machines, which are used in majority of modern branches of industry for pumping of dirty media. The main task of researchers of torque flow pumps is increase of such pumps effectiveness for higher feed. Hydraulic losses for torque flow pumps are caused by working process of such pumps and are inevitable. Decrease of losses can be obtained by means of optimization of hydraulic flow part geometry. Modern approach to design of pump outlet introduces new constructive solutions which can increase economy of torque flow pumps. The aim of this research is increase of economy of torque flow pumps by means of application of spatial outlet and investigation of its geometry on pump characteristics. Analytical and numerical methods of liquid flow research for hydraulic flow part of torque flow pump were used in this paper. Moreover, influence of hydraulic flow part geometry of different designs of "Turo" type torque flow pumps outlets on pump characteristics was investigated. Numerical research enabled to study process of energy transfer of torque flow pump and evaluate influence of geometrical dimensions of spatial spiral outlet on its characteristics. Besides numerical research confirmed introduced regularity of peripheral velocity distribution in outlet. Velocity moment distribution in outlet was obtained during implementation of numerical research. Implemented bench tests of torque flow pump prototypes enabled to obtain real characteristics of pump and confirm effectiveness of spatial geometry of outlet application for such pump.
Influence of bearing support structures on shaft vibration of large hydraulic pump/turbines
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Pistner, C.A.; Greenplate, B.S. [Voith, Hydro, Inc., Pennsylvania, PA (United States); Waddell, A.M. [Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN (United States)
Start-up transient loads from pump/turbine impellers can cause excessive vibration problems in the shaft system. If the radial guide bearing supports are structurally soft or loose, or if the bearings are worn, the resulting radial shaft movement causes abnormal wear. The wear normally occurs at the impeller sealing surfaces, main shaft seals, motor/generator components, piping, brackets, foundation connections, etc. This paper explores the critical factors causing shaft system vibration problems at the Tennessee Valley Authority`s Raccoon Mountain Pumped Storage Plant, as well as the unique modifications which were implemented to strengthen and improve the units. The solution involved extensive three-dimensional finite element structural and thermal transient analyses of the original and re-designed turbine shoe bearing, bearing housings, and support structures. The conclusion compares the calculated and measured shaft system response to transient loads of the original and modified system.
Differences in displayed pump flow compared to measured flow under varying conditions during simulated cardiopulmonary bypass.
LENUS (Irish Health Repository)
Hargrove, M
Errors in blood flow delivery due to shunting have been reported to reduce flow by, potentially, up to 40-83% during cardiopulmonary bypass. The standard roller-pump measures revolutions per minute and a calibration factor for different tubing sizes calculates and displays flow accordingly. We compared displayed roller-pump flow with ultrasonically measured flow to ascertain if measured flow correlated with the heart-lung pump flow reading. Comparison of flows was measured under varying conditions of pump run duration, temperature, viscosity, varying arterial\\/venous loops, occlusiveness, outlet pressure, use of silicone or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the roller race, different tubing diameters, and use of a venous vacuum-drainage device.
Modelling flow-induced vibrations of gates in hydraulic structures
Erdbrink, C.D.
The dynamic behaviour of gates in hydraulic structures caused by passing flow poses a potential threat to flood protection. Complex interactions between the turbulent flow and the suspended gate body may induce undesired vibrations. This thesis contributes to a better understanding and prevention of
Study of unsteady cavitation flow of a pump-turbine at pump mode
Liu, J. T.; Wu, Y. L.; Liu, S. H.
Three dimensional, unsteady, cavitating flows in a pump-turbine at pump mode were numerically studied using SST k-ω turbulence model and the mixture model. The unsteady cavitating flow and pressure fluctuations at different positions were analysed with two openings of guide vanes. Calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data. Results show that the opening of guide vanes has great effect on the cavitation phenomenon. The cavitating region gradually decreases with the increase of the relative opening, and it locates at the inlet of the suction side. The amplitude of the pressure fluctuation reduces as the cavitating region decreases. The numerical study of unsteady cavitating flow can provide a basic understanding for the improvement of stable operation of a pump-turbine.
Experimental analysis of the flow pattern of a pump turbine model in pump mode
Guggenberger, Mark; Senn, Florian; Jaberg, Helmut; Gehrer, Arno; Sallaberger, Manfred; Widmer, Christian
Reversible pump turbines are the only means to store primary energy in an highly efficient way. Within a short time their operation can be switched between the different operational regimes thus enhancing the stabilization of the electric grid. These qualities in combination with the operation even at off-design conditions offer a high flexibility to the energy market. However, pump turbines pass through operational regimes where their behaviour becomes unstable. One of these effects occurs when the flowrate is decreased continuously down to a minimum. This point is the physical limitation of the pump operation and is very difficult to predict properly by numerical design without a model test. The purpose of the present study is to identify the fluid mechanical phenomena leading to the occurrence of instabilities of pump turbines in pump mode. A reduced scale model of a ANDRITZ pump turbine was installed on a 4-quadrant test rig for the experimental investigation of unstable conditions in pump mode. The performed measurements are based on the IEC60193-standard. Characteristic measurements at a single guide vane opening were carried out to get a detailed insight into the instabilities in pump mode. The interaction between runner and guide vane was analysed by Particle Image Velocimetry. Furthermore, high-speed visualizations of the suction side part load flow and the suction recirculation were performed. Like never before the flow pattern in the draft tube cone became visible with the help of a high-speed camera by intentionally caused cavitation effects which allow a qualitative view on the flow pattern in the draft tube cone. Suction recirculation is observed in form of single vortices separating from each runner blade and stretching into the draft tube against the main flow direction. To find an explanation for the flow phenomena responsible for the appearance of the unstable head curve also characteristic velocity distributions on the pressure side were combined
Optimization of Meridional Flow Channel Design of Pump Impeller
Miyauchi Sunao; Horiguchi Hironori; Fukutomi Jun-ichirou; Takahashi Akihiro
The meridional flow channel design of a pump impeller affects its performance. However, since so many design parameters exist, a new design method is proposed in which a meridional and blade-to-blade flow channel is designed by the parallel use of the circulation distribution provided by the designer. Thus, an optimization method was used to design an axis-symmetrical meridional flow channel from the circulation distribution. In addition, the inverse design method proposed by Zangeneh et al. ...
Intelligent Diagnosis Method for Centrifugal Pump System Using Vibration Signal and Support Vector Machine
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hongtao Xue
Full Text Available This paper proposed an intelligent diagnosis method for a centrifugal pump system using statistic filter, support vector machine (SVM, possibility theory, and Dempster-Shafer theory (DST on the basis of the vibration signals, to diagnose frequent faults in the centrifugal pump at an early stage, such as cavitation, impeller unbalance, and shaft misalignment. Firstly, statistic filter is used to extract the feature signals of pump faults from the measured vibration signals across an optimum frequency region, and nondimensional symptom parameters (NSPs are defined to represent the feature signals for distinguishing fault types. Secondly, the optimal classification hyperplane for distinguishing two states is obtained by SVM and NSPs, and its function is defined as synthetic symptom parameter (SSP in order to increase the diagnosis' sensitivity. Finally, the possibility functions of the SSP are used to construct a sequential fuzzy diagnosis for fault detection and fault-type identification by possibility theory and DST. The proposed method has been applied to detect the faults of the centrifugal pump, and the efficiency of the method has been verified using practical examples.
Transient simulation in interior flow field of lobe pump
Li, Y. B.; Sang, X. H.; Meng, Q. W.; Shen, H.; Jia, K.
The subject of this paper is mainly focused on the development and control of the double folium and trifolium lobe pump profiles by using the principle of involute engagement and use CAD to get an accurate involute profile. We use the standard k-ε turbulence model and PISO algorithm based on CFD software FLUENT. The dynamic mesh and UDF technology is introduced to simulate the interior flow field inside a lobe pump, and the variation of interior flow field under the condition of the lobe rotating is analyzed. We also analyse the influence produced by the difference in lobes, and then reveal which lobe is best. The results show that dynamic variation of the interior flow field is easily obtained by dynamic mesh technology and the distribution of its pressure and velocity. Because of the small gaps existing between the rotors and pump case, the higher pressure area will flow into the lower area though the small gaps which cause the working area keep with higher pressure all the time. Both of the double folium and trifolium are existing the vortex during the rotting time and its position, size and shape changes all the time. The vortexes even disappear in a circle period and there are more vortexes in double folium lobe pump. The velocity and pressure pulsation of trifolium pump are lower than that of the double folium.
Effects of meridional flow passage shape on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers
Bing, Hao; Cao, Shuliang; Tan, Lei; Zhu, Baoshan
During the process of designing the mixed-flow pump impeller, the meridional flow passage shape directly affects the obtained meridional flow field, which then has an influence on the three-dimensional impeller shape. However, the meridional flow passage shape is too complicated to be described by a simple formula for now. Therefore, reasonable parameter selection for the meridional flow passage is essential to the investigation. In order to explore the effects of the meridional flow passage shape on the impeller design and the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, the hub and shroud radius ratio (HSRR) of impeller and the outlet diffusion angle (ODA) of outlet zone are selected as the meridional flow passage parameters. 25 mixed-flow pump impellers, with specific speed of 496 under the design condition, are designed with various parameter combinations. Among these impellers, one with HSRR of 1.94 and ODA of 90° is selected to carry out the model test and the obtained experimental results are used to verify accuracies of the head and the hydraulic efficiency predicted by numerical simulation. Based on SIMPLE algorithm and standard k- ɛ two-equation turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved and the effects of different parameters on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers are analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that there are optimal values of HSRR and ODA available, so the hydraulic performance and the internal flow of mixed-flow pumps can be improved by selecting appropriate values for the meridional flow passage parameters. The research on these two parameters, HSRR and ODA, has further illustrated influences of the meridional flow passage shape on the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, and is beneficial to improving the design of the mixed-flow pump impeller.
Fuel pump with brushless motor for high vibration applications; Kraftstoffpumpe mit buerstenlosen Motor fuer Anwendungen mit starken Vibrationen
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Muenchow, Frank [Federal-Mogul, Bad Camberg (Germany). Geschaeftsbereich Vehicle Safety and Protection; Harvey, Richard; Richards, Michael [Federal-Mogul Corporation, Logansport, IN (United States). Business Unit Vehicle Safety and Protection
Electrifying components in commercial vehicles can be a challenge. High vibration levels, for instance, amplify carbon brush and commutator erosion in a conventional electric motor. To offer a solution Federal-Mogul has developed the brushless fuel pump. This BLDC pump has successfully passed 10,000 h of operation in B100 fuel. (orig.)
Multi-pumping flow systems: the potential of simplicity.
Santos, João L M; Ribeiro, Marta F T; Dias, Ana C B; Lima, José L F C; Zagatto, Elias E A
Nowadays, the trend towards more compact, smarter and simpler devices is generally recognized as one of the most challenging aspects in the development of analytical instrumentation. Modern flow-based procedures do not escape this tendency. The level of integration and automation and the operational functionality of Multi-pumping flow systems (MPFS) would, in most of the situations, meet this requirement. The essential elements of MPFS are multiple solenoid actuated micro-pumps strategically positioned in the flow manifold, which are accountable for solutions insertion, propelling and commutation, conditioning the establishment and subsequent detection of the reaction zone. Being the only active components of the flow manifold they provide a great operational simplicity and assure a straightforward run-time control of important analytical variables. Moreover, the reduction of active components minimizes the probability of occurrence of equipment failures, malfunctions or errors. The low size and low cost of solenoid micro-pumps make them ideal tools to build up compact environmentally friendly analytical systems, which are characterized by low solutions consumptions and the minimisation of hazardous waste generation. Furthermore, the reproducible pulsed flowing stream produced by micro-pumps actuation has proven to be a valuable feature regarding sample/reagent mixing and reaction zone homogenisation.
A novel rotary pulsatile flow pump for cardiopulmonary bypass.
Teman, Nicholas R; Mazur, Daniel E; Toomasian, John; Jahangir, Emilia; Alghanem, Fares; Goudie, Marcus; Rojas-Peña, Alvaro; Haft, Jonathan W
It has been suggested that pulsatile blood flow is superior to continuous flow (CF) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, adoption of pulsatile flow (PF) technology has been limited because of practicality and complexity of creating a consistent physiologic pulse. A pediatric pulsatile rotary ventricular pump (PRVP) was designed to address this problem. We evaluated the PRVP in an animal model and determined its ability to generate PF during CPB. The PRVP (modified peristaltic pump, with tapering of the outlet of the pump chamber) was tested in four piglets (10-12 kg). Cannulation was performed with right atrial and aortic cannulae, and pressure sensors were inserted into the femoral arteries. Pressure curves were obtained at different levels of flow and compared with both the animal's baseline physiologic function and a CF roller pump. Pressure and flow waveforms demonstrated significant pulsatility in the PRVP setup compared with CF at all tested conditions. Measurement of hemodynamic energy data, including the percentage pulsatile energy and the surplus hydraulic energy, also revealed a significant increase in pulsatility with the PRVP (p < 0.001). The PRVP creates physiologically significant PF, similar to the pulsatility of a native heart, and has the potential to be easily implemented in pediatric CPB.
Vibrational Power Flow Analysis of Rods and Beams
Wohlever, James Christopher; Bernhard, R. J.
A new method to model vibrational power flow and predict the resulting energy density levels in uniform rods and beams is investigated. This method models the flow of vibrational power in a manner analogous to the flow of thermal power in a heat conduction problem. The classical displacement solutions for harmonically excited, hysteretically damped rods and beams are used to derive expressions for the vibrational power flow and energy density in the rod and beam. Under certain conditions, the power flow in these two structural elements will be shown to be proportional to the energy density gradient. Using the relationship between power flow and energy density, an energy balance on differential control volumes in the rod and beam leads to a Poisson's equation which models the energy density distribution in the rod and beam. Coupling the energy density and power flow solutions for rods and beams is also discussed. It is shown that the resonant behavior of finite structures complicates the coupling of solutions, especially when the excitations are single frequency inputs. Two coupling formulations are discussed, the first based on the receptance method, and the second on the travelling wave approach used in Statistical Energy Analysis. The receptance method is the more computationally intensive but is capable of analyzing single frequency excitation cases. The traveling wave approach gives a good approximation of the frequency average of energy density and power flow in coupled systems, and thus, is an efficient technique for use with broadband frequency excitation.
Design optimization of flow channel and performance analysis for a new-type centrifugal blood pump
Ji, J. J.; Luo, X. W.; Y Wu, Q.
In this paper, a new-type centrifugal blood pump, whose impeller is suspended inside a pump chamber with hydraulic bearings, is presented. In order to improve the hydraulic performance of the pump, an internal flow simulation is conducted to compare the effects of different geometrical parameters of pump flow passage. Based on the numerical results, the pumps can satisfy the operation parameters and be free of hemolysis. It is noted that for the pump with a column-type supporter at its inlet, the pump head and hydraulic efficiency decreases compared to the pump with a step-type support structure. The performance drop is caused by the disturbed flow upstream impeller inlet. Further, the unfavorable flow features such as reverse flow and low velocity in the pump may increases the possibility of thrombus. It is also confirmed that the casing shape can little influence pump performance. Those results are helpful for design optimization in blood pump development.
Blood Pump Development Using Rocket Engine Flow Simulation Technology
Kiris, Cetin C.; Kwak, Dochan
This viewgraph presentation provides information on the transfer of rocket engine flow simulation technology to work involving the development of blood pumps. Details are offered regarding the design and requirements of mechanical heart assist devices, or VADs (ventricular assist device). There are various computational fluid dynamics issues involved in the visualization of flow in such devices, and these are highlighted and compared to those of rocket turbopumps.
Dynamic Characteristics of Rotating Stall in Mixed Flow Pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Xiaojun Li
Full Text Available Rotating stall, a phenomenon that causes flow instabilities and pressure hysteresis by propagating at some fraction of the impeller rotational speed, can occur in centrifugal impellers, mixed impellers, radial diffusers, or axial diffusers. Despite considerable efforts devoted to the study of rotating stall in pumps, the mechanics of this phenomenon are not sufficiently understood. The propagation mechanism and onset of rotating stall are not only affected by inlet flow but also by outlet flow as well as the pressure gradient in the flow passage. As such, the complexity of these concepts is not covered by the classical explanation. To bridge this research gap, the current study investigated prerotation generated at the upstream of the impeller, leakage flow at the tip clearance between the casing and the impeller, and strong reserve flow at the inlet of the diffuser. Understanding these areas will clarify the origin of the positive slope of the head-flow performance curve for a mixed flow pump. Nonuniform pressure distribution and adverse pressure gradient were also introduced to evaluate the onset and development of rotating stall within the diffuser.
Characterization of Pump Flow at the Grand Coulee Pumping Station for Fish Passage, 2004
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Carlson, Thomas J.; Duncan, Joanne P.; Johnson, Robert L.
This report describes a study conducted by PNNL for the Bonneville Power Administration to characterized the conditions fish experience when entrained in pump flow at the Grand Coulee Dam. PNNL used the Sensor Fish to measure the acceleration and pressure conditions that might be experienced by fish who are pulled through the pumps and turbines at Grand Coulee Dam's pump generation station and transported up into the feeder canal leading to Banks Lake. The probability that fish would be struck by the pump generating plant's new 9-bladed turbines was also calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. Our measurements showed relatively low turbulence except in the immediate vicinity of the runner environment. The highest pressure experienced by the Sensor Fish was estimated at 157 psi (the pressure gauge saturated at 155 psi). The probability of strike was also calculated, based on the average length of hatchery-reared juvenile kokanee (land-locked sockeye). Strike probabilities ranged from 0.755 for 2.36-inch fish to 0.3890 for 11.8-inch fish. The probability of strike estimates indicate that the majority (77%) of kokanne would be carried through the pump without being struck and most likely without injury resulting from pressure and turbulence exposure. Of the 23% that might be struck it is expected that 60% would arrive in Banks Lake without visible external injuries. Thus more than 90% of entrained fish would be expected to arrive in Banks Lake without injury.
Nozzle Flow with Vibrational Nonequilibrium. Ph.D. Thesis
Landry, John Gary
Flow of nitrogen gas through a converging-diverging nozzle is simulated. The flow is modeled using the Navier-Stokes equations that have been modified for vibrational nonequilibrium. The energy equation is replaced by two equations. One equation accounts for energy effects due to the translational and rotational degrees of freedom, and the other accounts for the affects due to the vibrational degree of freedom. The energy equations are coupled by a relaxation time which measures the time required for the vibrational energy component to equilibrate with the translational and rotational energy components. An improved relaxation time is used in this thesis. The equations are solved numerically using the Steger-Warming flux vector splitting method and the Implicit MacCormack method. The results show that uniform flow is produced outside of the boundary layer. Nonequilibrium exists in both the converging and diverging nozzle sections. The boundary layer region is characterized by a marked increase in translational-rotational temperature. The vibrational temperature remains frozen downstream of the nozzle, except in the boundary layer.
Influence study of flow separation on the nozzle vibration response
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Geng Li
Full Text Available In the present paper, the vibration response difference of the upper stage nozzle with higher expansion ratio between ground and altitude simulation hot-firing test is analyzed. It indicates that the acceleration response of the nozzle under ground hot-firing test is much higher than that of the altitude condition. In order to find the essential reason, the experimental and numerical simulation studies of the flow separation are developed by using the test engine nozzle. The experimental data show that the nozzle internal flow occurred flow separation and the divergence cone internal wall pressure pulsation increased significantly downstream from the separation location. The numerical simulation and experimental results indicate that the increase of internal wall pressure and turbulence pulsating pressure are the substantial reason of vibration response increasing aggravatingly during the ground firing test.
Multi-pumping flow systems: an automation tool.
Lima, José L F C; Santos, João L M; Dias, Ana C B; Ribeiro, Marta F T; Zagatto, Elias A G
Multi-pumping flow systems (MPFS) are one of the most recent developments in terms of the design, conception and implementation of continuous flow methodologies, for sample and reagent handling and for the automation of analytical procedures. Based on the utilisation of multiple solenoid micro-pumps they enable the configuring of fully automated and easily controlled and operated analytical systems since all the fundamental operations involved in carrying out a sample analysis, including sample insertion, reagent addition and signal measurement could be carried out by the same manifold component, reducing the number of system parts and minimising its control or the occurrence of mal-functions. On the other hand, micro-pumps actuation produce a pulsed flow characterised by a chaotic movement of the solutions, which contributes to a fast sample/reagent homogenisation with low axial dispersion yielding improved analytical signals. The combination of such advantageous features resulted in simple, compact, versatile, fast, low-cost analytical procedures, exhibiting low reagent and low sample consumption, reducing the production of undesirable wastes and minimising operator intervention.
Flow-induced vibration of component cooling water heat exchangers
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yeh, Y.S.; Chen, S.S. (Taiwan Power Co., Taipei (Taiwan). Nuclear Engineering Dept.; Argonne National Lab., IL (USA))
This paper presents an evaluation of flow-induced vibration problems of component cooling water heat exchangers in one of Taipower's nuclear power stations. Specifically, it describes flow-induced vibration phenomena, tests to identify the excitation mechanisms, measurement of response characteristics, analyses to predict tube response and wear, various design alterations, and modifications of the original design. Several unique features associated with the heat exchangers are demonstrated, including energy-trapping modes, existence of tube-support-plate (TSP)-inactive modes, and fluidelastic instability of TSP-active and -inactive modes. On the basis of this evaluation, the difficulties and future research needs for the evaluation of heat exchangers are identified. 11 refs., 19 figs., 3 tabs.
Comparison of operative times between pressure and flow-control pump versus pressure-control pump for ACL reconstruction.
Sieg, Ryan; Bear, Russell; Machen, M Shaun; Owens, Brett D
Evidence suggests that a pressure and flow-control pump provides better visualization than a pressure-control pump alone. Increased visualization may lead to decreased operative time. We sought to perform a direct comparison in terms of operative times in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery using these 2 automated pump systems. We retrospectively studied all ACL reconstruction procedures performed at our institution over an 8-month period. During the first 4-month period, a pressure-driven pump was used (HydroFlex Multipurpose Irrigation Pump; Davol, Warwick, Rhode Island). During the second 4-month period, a pressure and flow-control pump was used (FMS Duo+; DePuy Mitek, Raynham, Massachusetts). Procedures that involved multiligament reconstruction or meniscal repair were excluded. Surgical time was defined as the time from incision to skin closure. The data were analyzed with the Student t test with significance set at Psystem. Mean operative time using the pressure-control pump was 126 minutes (95% CI 118.9, 133.3), while mean operative time using the pressure and flow-control system was 111 minutes (95% CI 104.1, 117.9). This difference was significant (P=.004). These results indicate that the use of pressure and flow-control pump system results in time savings compared with the pressure-control pump.
Flow in a Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump Using PIV
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Cui Dai
Full Text Available The interflow plays important roles in centrifugal pump design. In order to study the effect of rotation and z-axis on internal flow, two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV measurements have been performed to measure the steady velocity field on three planes in all impeller passages of a low specific-speed centrifugal pump. The results show that the relative velocity flows in blade passages are obviously different in terms of the positions of the blade relative to the tongue. The interaction between the impeller and tongue changes the occurrence and development of low velocity region with time. From shroud to hub, the relative velocity gradually increases, and the minimum value moves toward the suction surface. On the midplane, the magnitude increases with increased flow rate from pressure surface to suction surface, while at the shroud and hub, the measured velocity first increases with decreased flow rate from the blade pressure surface to nearly ζ = 0.5 to 0.6.
Bubbly flow model for the dynamic characteristics of cavitating pumps
Brennen, C.
The recent experimental transfer matrices obtained by Ng and Brennen (1978) for some axial flow pumps revealed some dynamic characteristics which were unaccounted for by any existing theoretical analysis; their visual observations suggested that the bubbly cavitating flow in the blade passages could be responsible for these effects. A theoretical model of the dynamic response of this bubbly blade-passage flow is described in the present paper. Void-fraction fluctuations in this flow result not only from pressure fluctuations but also because the fluctuating angle of attack causes fluctuations in the rate of production of bubbles near the leading edge. The latter causes kinematic waves which interact through the boundary conditions with the dynamic waves caused by pressure fluctuation. The resulting theoretical transfer functions which results are in good qualitative agreement with the experiments; with appropriate choices of two parameters good quantitative agreement is also obtained. The theoretical model also provides one possible explanation of the observation that the pump changes from an essentially passive dynamic element in the absence of cavitation to a progressively more active element as the extent of cavitation increases.
Granular flows down inclined and vibrated planes: influence of basal friction
Gaudel, Naïma; Kiesgen de Richter, Sébastien; Louvet, Nicolas; Jenny, Mathieu; Skali-Lami, Salaheddine
We present an experimental study about granular avalanches when external mechanical vibrations are applied. The results of the flow properties highlight the existence of two distinct regimes: (i) a gravity-driven regime at large angles where scaling laws are in agreement with those reported in the literature for non-vibrating granular flows and (ii) a vibration-driven regime at small angles where no flow occurs without applied vibrations. The flow in this regime is well described by a vibrationinduced activated process. We also propose an empirical law to capture the evolution of the thickness of the deposits as a function of the vibration intensity and the inclination angle.
Measurement of hemodynamic changes with the axial flow blood pump installed in descending aorta.
Okamoto, Eiji; Yano, Tetsuya; Miura, Hidekazu; Shiraishi, Yasuyuki; Yambe, Tomoyuki; Mitamura, Yoshinori
We have developed various axial flow blood pumps to realize the concept of the Valvo pump, and we have studied hemodynamic changes under cardiac assistance using an axial flow blood pump in series with the natural heart. In this study, we measured hemodynamic changes of not only systemic circulation but also cerebral circulation and coronary circulation under cardiac support using our latest axial flow blood pump placed in the descending aorta in an acute animal experiment. The axial flow blood pump was installed at the thoracic descending aorta through a left thoracotomy of a goat (43.8 kg, female). When the pump was on, the aortic pressure and aortic flow downstream of the pump increased with preservation of pulsatilities. The pressure drop upstream of the pump caused reduction of afterload pressure, and it may lead to reduction of left ventricular wall stress. However, cerebral blood flow and coronary blood flow were decreased when the pump was on. The axial flow blood pump enables more effective blood perfusion into systemic circulation, but it has the potential risk of blood perfusion disturbance into cerebral circulation and coronary circulation. The results indicate that the position before the coronary ostia might be suitable for implantation of the axial flow blood pump in series with the natural heart to avoid blood perfusion disturbances.
Low-flow operation and testing of pumps in nuclear plants
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Greenstreet, W.L.
Low-flow operation of centrifugal pumps introduces hydraulic instability and other factors that can cause damage to these machines. The resulting degradation has been studied and recorded for pumps in electric power plants. The objectives of this paper are to (1) describe the damage-producing phenomena, including their sources and consequences; (2) relate these observations to expectations for damage caused by low-flow operation of pumps in nuclear power plants; and (3) assess the utility of low-flow testing. Hydraulic behavior during low-flow operation is reviewed for a typical centrifugal pump stage, and the damage-producing mechanisms are described. Pump monitoring practices, in conjunction with pump performance characteristics, are considered; experience data are reviewed; and the effectiveness of low-flow surveillance monitoring is examined. Degradation caused by low-flow operation is shown to be an important factor, and low-flow surveillance testing is shown to be inadequate. 18 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.
Numerical Simulation on the Performance of a Mixed-Flow Pump under Various Casing Structures
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Wu Dazhuan
Full Text Available With regard to the reactor coolant pump and high flow-rate circulating pump, the requirements on the compactness of the structure, safety, and hydraulic performance are particularly important. Thus, the mixed-flow pump with cylindrical casing is adopted in some occasions. Due to the different characteristics between the special cylindrical casing and the common pump casing, the influence of the special casing on a mixed-flow pump characteristics was numerically investigated to obtain better performance and flow structure in the casing. The results show that the models with cylindrical casing have much worse head and efficiency characteristics than the experimental model, and this is caused by the flow in the pump casing. By moving the guide vanes half inside the pump casing, the efficiency gets improved while the low pressure zone at the corner of outlet pipe and pump casing disappeared. When the length of pump casing increases from the size equal to the diameter of outlet pipe to that larger than it, the efficiency drops obviously and the flow field in the outlet pipe improved without curved flow. In addition, the length of the pump casing has greater impacts on the pump performance than the radius of it.
Vibrating cantilever beam in a flowing soap film
Sajjanapu, Veera; Ward, Thomas
We present an experimental study of the interaction between a flexible cantilever beam and a flowing fluid medium using a soap film. The vertically falling soap film is capable of attaining speeds ranging from 1.5 - 3 m/s with an operating test section width of 7.5 cm. Experiments were conducted for flexible cantilever beams of length L <= 10 mm yielding Reynolds number 5000 < Re < 10000 and of cantilever beam thickness ranging from 0.03 - 0.08 mm were placed at angles of attack ranging from 10° - 50°. We visualize the beam displacements and wake with a high-speed camera. Assuming small vibrational amplitudes, we consider the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory to understand the dynamics. From the analysis we find that the normalized average displacement is linear with respect to the square of the free-stream velocity. The vibrational amplitude is also discussed using a similar scaling. Finally, visualization of the downstream vortex structure is related to a beams displacement and vibrational frequency using dimensional analysis.
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SCHEAUA Fanel Dorel
motion of the rotor. A theoretical model for calculating the flow of the working fluid through the interior of a centrifugal pump model is presented in this paper as well as the numerical analysis on the virtual model performed with the ANSYS CFX software in order to highlight the flow parameters and flow path-lines that are formed during centrifugal pump operation.
Numerical Calculation of the Three-Dimensional Swirling Flow Inside the Centrifugal Pump Volutes
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E. Cezmi Nursen
Full Text Available The flow inside the volute of a centrifugal pump is threedimensional and, depending upon the position of the inlet relative to the cross-section center line, a single or double swirling flow occurs. The purpose of this study was the calculation of the three-dimensional swirling flow inside the centrifugal pump volute.
...) Highly resistant to salt water, petroleum oil, heat, and vibration. (g) If a fixed hand pump is used to... chapter may serve as a fixed power bilge pump required by this subpart, provided it has the minimum flow... dedicated pump is driven by an independent source of power; and (3) The bilge system is permanently cross...
Suppression of secondary flows in a double suction centrifugal pump with different loading distributions
Leng, H. F.; Wang, F. J.; Zhang, Z. C.; Yao, Z. F.; Zhou, P. J.
Secondary flow is one of the main reasons for low efficiency in double suction centrifugal pump. In a 3-D inverse design method, the pump blade could be designed by a specified loading distribution to control the flow field in pump. In order to study the influence of loading distribution on secondary flow of a double suction centrifugal pump, the external characteristics and the internal flow field of the pump with three kinds of loading distributions are analysed by using CFD approach. According to the simulation results, it is found that the form of fore-loading distribution at shroud and aft-loading distribution at hub could improve the optimal efficiency and broaden the high efficiency area of the pump. Furthermore, the secondary flow in impeller exit region and volute could be significantly suppressed if the slope of loading distribution curve of shroud is set to be -0.7.
Numerical simulation and comparative analysis of flow field in axial blood pumps.
Peng, Yuhua; Wu, Yaqin; Tang, Xiaoying; Liu, Weifeng; Chen, Duanduan; Gao, Tianxin; Xu, Yong; Zeng, Yanjun
The objective study was to estimate the rheological properties and physiological compatibility of the blood pump by simulating the internal flow field of the blood pump. In this study we use computational fluid dynamics method to simulate and analyse two models of axial blood pumps with a three-blade diffuser and a six-blade diffuser, named pump I and pump II, respectively, and to compare the flow patterns of these two kinds of blood pumps while both of them satisfy the conditions of the normal human blood differential pressure and blood flow. Results indicate that (i) the high shear force occurs between the diffuser and the rotor in which the crucial place leads to haemolysis and (ii) under the condition of 100 mmHg pressure head and 5 l/min flow rate, the difference between the two kinds of blood pumps, as far as the haemolytic performance is concerned, is notable. The haemolysis index of the two pumps is 0.32% and 0.2%. In conclusion, the performance of the blood pump is influenced by the diffusers' blade number. Pump II performed better than pump I, which can be the basic model for blood pump option.
An investigational study of minimum rotational pump speed to avoid retrograde flow in three centrifugal blood pumps in a pediatric extracorporeal life support model.
Clark, Joseph B; Guan, Yulong; McCoach, Robert; Kunselman, Allen R; Myers, John L; Undar, Akif
During extracorporeal life support with centrifugal blood pumps, retrograde pump flow may occur when the pump revolutions decrease below a critical value determined by the circuit resistance and the characteristics of the pump. We created a laboratory model to evaluate the occurrence of retrograde flow in each of three centrifugal blood pumps: the Rotaflow, the CentriMag, and the Bio-Medicus BP-50. At simulated patient pressures of 60, 80, and 100 mmHg, each pump was evaluated at speeds from 1000 to 2200 rpm and flow rates were measured. Retrograde flow occurred at low revolution speeds in all three centrifugal pumps. The Bio-Medicus pump was the least likely to demonstrate retrograde flow at low speeds, followed by the Rotaflow pump. The CentriMag pump showed the earliest transition to retrograde flow, as well as the highest degree of retrograde flow. At every pump speed evaluated, the Bio-Medicus pump delivered the highest antegrade flow and the CentriMag pump delivered the least.
Megacity pumping and preferential flow threaten groundwater quality.
Khan, Mahfuzur R; Koneshloo, Mohammad; Knappett, Peter S K; Ahmed, Kazi M; Bostick, Benjamin C; Mailloux, Brian J; Mozumder, Rajib H; Zahid, Anwar; Harvey, Charles F; van Geen, Alexander; Michael, Holly A
Many of the world's megacities depend on groundwater from geologically complex aquifers that are over-exploited and threatened by contamination. Here, using the example of Dhaka, Bangladesh, we illustrate how interactions between aquifer heterogeneity and groundwater exploitation jeopardize groundwater resources regionally. Groundwater pumping in Dhaka has caused large-scale drawdown that extends into outlying areas where arsenic-contaminated shallow groundwater is pervasive and has potential to migrate downward. We evaluate the vulnerability of deep, low-arsenic groundwater with groundwater models that incorporate geostatistical simulations of aquifer heterogeneity. Simulations show that preferential flow through stratigraphy typical of fluvio-deltaic aquifers could contaminate deep (>150 m) groundwater within a decade, nearly a century faster than predicted through homogeneous models calibrated to the same data. The most critical fast flowpaths cannot be predicted by simplified models or identified by standard measurements. Such complex vulnerability beyond city limits could become a limiting factor for megacity groundwater supplies in aquifers worldwide.
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Full Text Available The Flow-induced vibration has recently been the topic of experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies. It was intended to implement better applications for controlling the flow using orifice technique. Having the flow under control, the orifice becomes an instrument for measuring the flow. The flow of all fluid such as water, oil, gas and vapours through an orifice was tested and mathematical models were developed adequately. The basic theme for these enormous studies was the need for the very accurate flow measurements through orifices. All experimental, theoretical, numerical, and analytical studies have agreed that there is more than one avenue to develop, modify, and enhance such measurements. However, one factor that affects the flow measurements is the vibration which was not treated as required until the mid-20th century due to enormous discoveries that damages could be rooted to vibration. Researchers have studied vibration and then proposed mathematical models in conjunction with the pressure and velocity measurements of the flowing fluids and then the effect of the vibration, induced or not induced, has been under continuous investigation. This paper is an attempt to review the previous studies regarding understanding the nature of the vibration and the possible effects of vibration on the flow and on the piping structure in order to limit the damage caused by the vibration. This study shows that the need for more experimental studies and more comprehensive analytical approaches are, in particular, very essential to develop better results.
Study on transient hydrodynamic performance and cavitation characteristic of high-speed mixed-flow pump
Chen, T.; Sun, Y. B.; Liu, Y. L.; Wu, D. Z.; Wang, L. Q.
In order to analyse the hydrodynamic performance and cavitation characteristic of a high-speed mixed-flow pump during transient operations, experimental studies were carried out. The transient hydrodynamic performance and cavitation characteristics of the mixed-flow pump with guide vane during start-up operation processes were tested on the pump performance test-bed. Performance tests of the pump were carried out under various inlet pressures and speed-changing operations. The real-time instantaneous external characteristics such as rotational speed, hydraulic head, flow rate, suction pressure and discharge pressure of the pump were measured. Based on the experimental results, the effect of fluid acceleration on the hydrodynamic performances and cavitation characteristics of the mixed-flow pump were analysed and evaluated.
Parametric study of fluid flow and heat transfer over louvered fins of air heat pump evaporator
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Tomasz Muszyński; Sławomir Marcin Kozieł
Two-dimensional numerical investigations of the fluid flow and heat transfer have been carried out for the laminar flow of the louvered fin-plate heat exchanger, designed to work as an air-source heat pump evaporator...
Nuclear power plant safety related pump issues
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Colaccino, J.
This paper summarizes of a number of pump issues raised since the Third NRC/ASME Symposium on Valve and Pump Testing in 1994. General issues discussed include revision of NRC Inspection Procedure 73756, issuance of NRC Information Notice 95-08 on ultrasonic flow meter uncertainties, relief requests for tests that are determined by the licensee to be impractical, and items in the ASME OM-1995 Code, Subsection ISTB, for pumps. The paper also discusses current pump vibration issues encountered in relief requests and plant inspections - which include smooth running pumps, absolute vibration limits, and vertical centrifugal pump vibration measurement requirements. Two pump scope issues involving boiling water reactor waterlog and reactor core isolation cooling pumps are also discussed. Where appropriate, NRC guidance is discussed.
Study on Performance and Internal Flow Condition of Mini Turbo-Pump
Shigemitsu, Toru; Fukutomi, Junichiro; Nasada, Ryoichi
Mini turbo-pumps which have a diameter smaller than 100mm are utilized in many fields; automobile radiator pump, artificial heart pump, cooling pump for electric devices, washing machine pump and so on. And the needs for the mini turbo-pumps would become larger with the increase of the application of it for electrical machines. It is desirable that the mini turbo-pump design is as simple as possible due to the limitation of the precision for manufacture. But the design method for the mini turbo-pump is not established because the internal flow condition for these small-sized fluid machineries is not clarified and conventional theory is not conductive for small-sized pumps because of the low Reynolds number and the size effects. Therefore, we started the research of the mini turbo-pump for the purpose of development of high performance mini turbo-pump with simple structure. As a first step of this research, mini turbo-pump with the 46mm rotor diameter was designed based on the conventional design method in order to clarify the problems for the application of conventional method for mini turbo-pump in details. The three dimensional steady numerical flow analysis was conducted with the commercial code (Fluent6.3). The numerical flow analysis was also performed under the condition with and without a tip clearance because the tip clearance influence on the performance and internal flow condition is extremely large for mini turbo-pumps. It was clarified from the numerical results that head of the mini turbo-pump at the designed point without the tip clearance satisfied the designed value head H = 1.2m and the efficiency is about η = 60% which is acceptable value for the centrifugal pump. On the other hand, head and efficiency decreased drastically with the increase of the tip clearance. The flow condition near the tip region was influenced by the leakage flow from the blade tip. And it is observed by the results of the total pressure distributions that the total
Simulation of cavitation performance of an axial flow pump with inlet guide vanes
Weimin Feng; Qian Cheng; Zhiwei Guo; Zhongdong Qian
The cavitation performance of an axial flow pump with inlet guide vanes for different flow rates is studied in this article. The effects of inlet guide vanes on pump hydraulic performance and cavitation are investigated, where the total vapor fraction of impeller zone (Ftv) is calculated to predict the critical net positive suction head, which is compared with that predicted by efficiency criterion for different flow rates. The influences of the development of cavitation on internal flow in i...
Air-lift pumps characteristics under two-phase flow conditions
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kassab, Sadek Z.; Kandil, Hamdy A.; Warda, Hassan A. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University Alexandria (Egypt); Ahmed, Wael H. [Nuclear Safety Solution Ltd., AMEC, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X6 (Canada)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Air-lift pumps are finding increasing use where pump reliability and low maintenance are required, where corrosive, abrasive, or radioactive fluids in nuclear applications must be handled and when a compressed air is readily available as a source of a renewable energy for water pumping applications. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the performance of a pump under predetermined operating conditions and to optimize the related parameters. For this purpose, an air-lift pump was designed and tested. Experiments were performed for nine submergence ratios, and three risers of different lengths with different air injection pressures. Moreover, the pump was tested under different two-phase flow patterns. A theoretical model is proposed in this study taking into account the flow patterns at the best efficiency range where the pump is operated. The present results showed that the pump capacity and efficiency are functions of the air mass flow rate, submergence ratio, and riser pipe length. The best efficiency range of the air-lift pumps operation was found to be in the slug and slug-churn flow regimes. The proposed model has been compared with experimental data and the most cited models available. The proposed model is in good agreement with experimental results and found to predict the liquid volumetric flux for different flow patterns including bubbly, slug and churn flow patterns.
Development of a Multi-Stage Electroosmotic Flow Pump Using Liquid Metal Electrodes
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Meng Gao
Full Text Available Injection of liquid metal into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS channel can provide a simple, cheap, and fast method to fabricate a noncontact electrode for micro electroosmotic flow (EOF pumps. In this study, a multi-stage EOF pump using liquid metal noncontact electrodes was proposed and demonstrated for high-flow-velocity applications. To test the pumping performance of this EOF pump and measure the flow velocity, fluorescent particles were added into deionized (DI water to trace the flow. According to the experimental results, the pump with a five-stage design can drive a water flow of 5.57 μm/s at 10 V, while the PDMS gap between the electrode and the pumping channel is 20 μm. To provide the guidance for the pump design, parametric studies were performed and fully discussed, such as the PDMS gap, pumping channel dimension, and stage number. This multi-stage EOF pump shows potential for many high-flow-velocity microfluidic applications.
Flow-Rate-Pressure Characteristics of a Disk Blood Pump
Chernyavskii, A. M.; Medvedev, A. E.; Prikhodko, Yu. M.; Fomin, V. M.; Fomichev, V. P.; Fomichev, A. V.; Lomanovich, K. A.; Ruzmatov, T. M.; Karas‧kov, A. M.
An experimental model of a disk pump for pumping a liquid has been designed and fabricated. This model was tested on a special stand with the use of a 40% aqueous solution of glycerin whose hydrodynamical characteristics most closely correspond to those of blood. The results obtained lend credence to the view that an implantable blood pump can be developed on the basis of the disk pump.
Numerical Study of Two-Phase Flow in Micro-/Nanobubble Generating Pump
Syaeful Alam, Hilman; Bahrudin; Sugiarto, Anto Tri
Gas-liquid mixing pump is one of the multiphase flow problem in industrial applications as a micro-/nanobubble generator. However, very few report that studied the two-phase flow for application of microbubble generation because of the analysis complexity. In this paper, a steady state numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the gas-liquid mixing pump was employed to predict a performance and characteristic of fluid flow. Based on simulation results, it is demonstrated that the pump can work in self suction, and generates a vortex flow pattern at every stage of the impeller as regenerative. Performance pump of the numerical simulation is slightly higher than the design specifications Because of mechanical and volume losses was neglected. However, the evaluation method and simulation results from this work can be used as a reference for the design and improvement of the gas-liquid mixing pump.
Dynamic Characteristics of Flow Induced Vibration in a Rotor-Seal System
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Nan Zhang
Full Text Available Flow induced vibration is an important factor affecting the performance of the rotor-seal system. From the point of view of flow induced vibration, the nonlinear models of the rotor-seal system are presented for the analysis of the fluid force, which is induced by the interaction between the unstable fluid flow in the seal and the vibrating rotor. The nonlinear characteristics of flow induced vibration in the rotor-seal system are analyzed, and the nonlinear phenomena in the unbalanced rotor-seal system are investigated using the nonlinear models. Various nonlinear phenomena of flow induced vibration in the rotor-seal system, such as synchronization phenomenon and amplitude mutation, are reproduced.
Flow dynamical behavior and performance of a micro viscous pump with unequal inlet and outlet areas
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Chenhui Hu
Full Text Available The micro viscous pump is an important type of fluidic device. Optimizing the working performance of the pump is crucial for its wider application. A micro viscous pump design with unequal inlet and outlet areas is proposed in this paper. The flow field of the viscous pump is investigated using 2D laminar simulations. The mass flow rate and driving power are studied with different opening angles. The effects of the Reynolds number and the pressure load on the working performance are discussed in detail. Flow structures and vortex evolution are analyzed. With larger inlet and outlet areas, a higher mass flow rate is obtained and less driving power is achieved. A high pressure load results in a reduction in mass flow rate and an increase in driving power. Pumps with large opening angles are more susceptive to the Reynolds number and the pressure load. The adverse impact of the pressure load can be reduced by increasing the rotor speed. The vortex structure is affected by the geometric and operating parameters in the flow field. The flow dynamical behavior of the viscous pump exerts significant influence on its pumping ability. The present work gives rise to performance improvements for the micro viscous pump.
Fluid structure interaction dynamic analysis of a mixed-flow waterjet pump
Pan, X. W.; Y Pan, Z.; Huang, D.; Shen, Z. H.
In order to avoid resonance of a mixed-flow waterjet pump at run time and calculate the stress and deformation of the pump rotor in the flow field, a one-way fluid structure interaction method was applied to simulate the pump rotor using ANSYS CFX and ANSYS Workbench software. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the pump rotor in the air and in the flow field were analyzed, and the stress and deformation of the impeller were obtained at different flow rates. The obtained numerical results indicated that the mode shapes were similar both in the air and in the flow field, but the pump rotor's natural frequency in the flow field was slightly smaller than that in the air; the difference of the pump rotor's natural frequency varied lightly at different flow rates, and all frequencies at different flow rates were higher than the safe frequency, the pump rotor under the effect of prestress rate did not occur resonance; The maximum stress was on the blade near the hub and the maximum deformation on the blade tip at different flow rates.
Experimental Investigation and Passive Flow Control of a Cavitating Centrifugal Pump
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Spyridon D. Kyparissis
Full Text Available Passive flow control techniques are used to improve the flow field and efficiency of centrifugal pumps and turbomachines, in general. An important phenomenon that mechanical engineers have to take into account is cavitation. It leads to the decrease of the pump performance and total head. In the present experimental study, a centrifugal pump is investigated in cavitating conditions. A passive flow control is realized using three different blade leading edge angles in order to reduce the cavitation development and enhance the pump performance. The experiments are carried out in a pump test rig specially designed and constructed, along with the impellers. The head drop and total efficiency curves are presented in order to examine the effect of the blade leading edge angle on the cavitation and pump performance. Finally, the vapour distribution along with the blades is illustrated for the tested blade leading edge angles.
CFD Prediction of Erosion Wear in Centrifugal Slurry Pumps for Dilute Slurry Flows
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K. V. Pagalthivarthi
Full Text Available The paper discusses numerical prediction of erosion wear trends in centrifugal pump casing pumping dilute slurries. The casing geometry is considered two-dimensional. Discrete Phase Model (DPM in FLUENT 6.1® is utilized to obtain dilute slurry flow field through the pump casing employing two-way coupling. Standard k — ε model is used for turbulence. Effect of several operational parameters viz. pump flow rate, pump speed (RPM, particle diameter and various geometry conditions viz. tongue curvature, slope of the discharge pipe and casing width is studied. Qualitative trends of erosion wear is described for these operational and geometric parameters with an idea to lower the wear rates and to make the wear pattern along the casing wall as uniform as possible. For example, with increase in pump flow rate, wear rates tends to even out whereas with increased casing width, wear rates are found to decrease.
Magnetohydrodynamic pump with a system for promoting flow of fluid in one direction
Lemoff, Asuncion V [Union City, CA; Lee, Abraham P [Irvine, CA
A magnetohydrodynamic pump for pumping a fluid. The pump includes a microfluidic channel for channeling the fluid, a MHD electrode/magnet system operatively connected to the microfluidic channel, and a system for promoting flow of the fluid in one direction in the microfluidic channel. The pump has uses in the medical and biotechnology industries for blood-cell-separation equipment, biochemical assays, chemical synthesis, genetic analysis, drug screening, an array of antigen-antibody reactions, combinatorial chemistry, drug testing, medical and biological diagnostics, and combinatorial chemistry. The pump also has uses in electrochromatography, surface micromachining, laser ablation, inkjet printers, and mechanical micromilling.
Syringe-pump-induced fluctuation in all-aqueous microfluidic system implications for flow rate accuracy.
Li, Zida; Mak, Sze Yi; Sauret, Alban; Shum, Ho Cheung
We report a new method to display the minute fluctuations induced by syringe pumps on microfluidic flows by using a liquid-liquid system with an ultralow interfacial tension. We demonstrate that the stepper motor inside the pump is a source of fluctuations in microfluidic flows by comparing the frequencies of the ripples observed at the interface to that of the pulsation of the stepper motor. We also quantify the fluctuations induced at different flow rates, using syringes of different diameters, and using different syringe pumps with different advancing distances per step. Our work provides a way to predict the frequency of the fluctuation that the driving syringe pump induces on a microfluidic system and suggests that syringe pumps can be a source of fluctuations in microfluidic flows, thus contributing to the polydispersity of the resulting droplets.
Analysis of flow-induced vibrations in turbomachinery by mapping of complex fluid pressures
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N Wirth
Full Text Available In this paper we introduce a mapping procedure which facilitates the simulation of flow-induced vibrations in turbomachinery. The transient steady state pressure fluctuations in the flow field (which excite vibrations are computed in the frequency domain by what are generally referred to as "harmonic CFD" methods where the pressure oscillations are expressed by complex amplitudes. They are mapped using the Fraunhofer software FSIMapper to a structural vibration analysis. A main focus lies in the provision of mapping methods for cyclic symmetric models. The process provides a fast numerical assessment of flow-induced vibrations where the resulting vibration amplitudes can be used for realistic fatigue estimations of flow-excited turbine components. The procedure is applied to a ceramic impeller of a micro gas turbine.
Flow Pattern Analysis and Performance Improvement of Regenerative Flow Pump Using Blade Geometry Modification
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J. Nejadrajabali
Full Text Available Regenerative pump is a low specific speed and rotor-dynamic turbomachine capable of developing high heads at low flow rates. In this paper, a numerical study has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of blade angle on the performance of a regenerative pump. Two groups of impellers were employed. The first type has symmetric angle blades with identical inlet/outlet angles of ±10°, ±30°, and ±50° and the second group has nonsymmetric angle blades in which the inlet angle was set to 0° and six different angles of ±10°, ±30°, and ±50° were designed for the outlet of the blades. A total of 12 impellers, as well as primary radial blades impeller, were investigated in this study. The results showed that all forward blades have higher head coefficients than radial blades impeller at design flow coefficient. It was found that regenerative pumps with symmetric angle forward blades have better performance than other types. Also, it is worth mentioning that the highest head coefficient and efficiency occur at angle +10<β<+30 of symmetric angle blades. It was found that the maximum efficiency occurs at angle of +15.5° by curve fitting to the data obtained from numerical simulations for symmetric angle forward blades.
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G. P. Itkin
Full Text Available In a review of the comparative analysis of methods and tools for long-term mechanical circulatory support with continuous flow and pulsatile flow implantable pumps. Particular attention is paid to the choice of the optimal modes of the operation of pumps based on the physical principles of the interaction between a the steady flow of blood to the pulsatile mechanics of the heart chambers.
The Combination of Micro Diaphragm Pumps and Flow Sensors for Single Stroke Based Liquid Flow Control
Jenke, Christoph; Pallejà Rubio, Jaume; Kibler, Sebastian; Häfner, Johannes; Richter, Martin; Kutter, Christoph
With the combination of micropumps and flow sensors, highly accurate and secure closed-loop controlled micro dosing systems for liquids are possible. Implementing a single stroke based control mode with piezoelectrically driven micro diaphragm pumps can provide a solution for dosing of volumes down to nanoliters or variable average flow rates in the range of nL/min to μL/min. However, sensor technologies feature a yet undetermined accuracy for measuring highly pulsatile micropump flow. Two miniaturizable in-line sensor types providing electrical readout—differential pressure based flow sensors and thermal calorimetric flow sensors—are evaluated for their suitability of combining them with mircopumps. Single stroke based calibration of the sensors was carried out with a new method, comparing displacement volumes and sensor flow volumes. Limitations of accuracy and performance for single stroke based flow control are described. Results showed that besides particle robustness of sensors, controlling resistive and capacitive damping are key aspects for setting up reproducible and reliable liquid dosing systems. Depending on the required average flow or defined volume, dosing systems with an accuracy of better than 5% for the differential pressure based sensor and better than 6.5% for the thermal calorimeter were achieved. PMID:28368344
The Combination of Micro Diaphragm Pumps and Flow Sensors for Single Stroke Based Liquid Flow Control
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Christoph Jenke
Full Text Available With the combination of micropumps and flow sensors, highly accurate and secure closed-loop controlled micro dosing systems for liquids are possible. Implementing a single stroke based control mode with piezoelectrically driven micro diaphragm pumps can provide a solution for dosing of volumes down to nanoliters or variable average flow rates in the range of nL/min to μL/min. However, sensor technologies feature a yet undetermined accuracy for measuring highly pulsatile micropump flow. Two miniaturizable in-line sensor types providing electrical readout—differential pressure based flow sensors and thermal calorimetric flow sensors—are evaluated for their suitability of combining them with mircopumps. Single stroke based calibration of the sensors was carried out with a new method, comparing displacement volumes and sensor flow volumes. Limitations of accuracy and performance for single stroke based flow control are described. Results showed that besides particle robustness of sensors, controlling resistive and capacitive damping are key aspects for setting up reproducible and reliable liquid dosing systems. Depending on the required average flow or defined volume, dosing systems with an accuracy of better than 5% for the differential pressure based sensor and better than 6.5% for the thermal calorimeter were achieved.
Flow-Induced Instabilities in Pump-Turbines in China
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Zhigang Zuo
Full Text Available The stability of pump-turbines is of great importance to the operation of pumped storage power (PSP stations. Both hydraulic instabilities and operational instabilities have been reported in PSP stations in China. In order to provide a reference to the engineers and scientists working on pump-turbines, this paper summarizes the hydraulic instabilities and performance characteristics that promote the operational instabilities encountered in pump-turbine operations in China. Definitions, analytical methods, numerical and experimental studies, and main results are clarified. Precautions and countermeasures are also provided based on a literature review. The gaps between present studies and the need for engineering practice are pointed out.
The CFD calculations as a main tool for the mixed-flow pump modernization
Skrzypacz, J.; Szulc, P.
The primary aim of the project was to increase cavitation performance of a big mixed-flow pump. The CFD software was used as a main research tool. The two kinds of numerical models were used to solve this problem - both were presented. The results were verified on the basis of comparison with experimental results obtained for real and model pumps. The interesting way of estimating cavitation performance was presented. The pump characteristics before and after the modernisation were shown.
Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow and Performance Prediction of Tubular Pump with Adjustable Guide Vanes
Honggeng Zhu; Rentian Zhang
Aiming at the performance defect of tubular pump with fixed guide vanes, a design scheme of tubular pump with adjustable guide vanes is proposed, so that the inlet setting angle of guide vanes can be flexibly adjusted to coordinate with the operation conditions of pump, to ensure the inlet setting angle of guide vanes changing with the outlet flow angle of the impeller. The three-dimensional time-averaged incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are adopted to numerically simulate the internal ...
Active Control of Panel Vibrations Induced by a Boundary Layer Flow
Chow, Pao-Liu
In recent years, active and passive control of sound and vibration in aeroelastic structures have received a great deal of attention due to many potential applications to aerospace and other industries. There exists a great deal of research work done in this area. Recent advances in the control of sound and vibration can be found in the several conference proceedings. In this report we will summarize our research findings supported by the NASA grant NAG-1-1175. The problems of active and passive control of sound and vibration has been investigated by many researchers for a number of years. However, few of the articles are concerned with the sound and vibration with flow-structure interaction. Experimental and numerical studies on the coupling between panel vibration and acoustic radiation due to flow excitation have been done by Maestrello and his associates at NASA/Langley Research Center. Since the coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations is formidable, an analytical solution to the full problem seems impossible. For this reason, we have to simplify the problem to that of the nonlinear panel vibration induced by a uniform flow or a boundary-layer flow with a given wall pressure distribution. Based on this simplified model, we have been able to study the control and stabilization of the nonlinear panel vibration, which have not been treated satisfactorily by other authors. The vibration suppression will clearly reduce the sound radiation power from the panel. The major research findings will be presented in the next three sections. In Section II we shall describe our results on the boundary control of nonlinear panel vibration, with or without flow excitation. Section III is concerned with active control of the vibration and sound radiation from a nonlinear elastic panel. A detailed description of our work on the parametric vibrational control of nonlinear elastic panel will be presented in Section IV. This paper will be submitted to the Journal
Discrete linear time invariant analysis of digital fluid power pump flow control
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Johansen, Per; Roemer, Daniel B.; Andersen, Torben O.
A fundamental part of a digital fluid power (DFP) pump is the actively controlled valves, whereby successful application of these pumps entails a need for control methods. The focus of the current paper is on a flow control method for a DFP pump. The method separates the control task concerning...... timing of the valve activation and the task concerning the overall flow output control. This enables application of linear control theory in the design process of the DFP pump flow controller. The linearization method is presented in a general framework and an application with a DFP pump model...... exemplifies the use of the method. The implementation of a discrete time linear controller and comparisons between the nonlinear model and the discrete time linear approximation shows the applicability of the control method....
Performance and internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump with splitter blades
Shigemitsu, T.; Fukutomi, J.; Kaji, K.; Wada, T.
Mini centrifugal pumps having a diameter smaller than 100mm are employed in many fields. But the design method for the mini centrifugal pump is not established because the internal flow condition for these small-sized fluid machines is not clarified and conventional theory is not suitable for small-sized pumps. Therefore, mini centrifugal pumps with simple structure were investigated by this research. Splitter blades were adopted in this research to improve the performance and the internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump which had large blade outlet angle. The original impeller without the splitter blades and the impeller with the splitter blades were prepared for an experiment. The performance tests are conducted with these rotors in order to investigate the effect of the splitter blades on performance and internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump. On the other hand, a three dimensional steady numerical flow analysis is conducted with the commercial code (ANSYS-CFX) to investigate the internal flow condition in detail. It is clarified from the experimental results that the performance of the mini centrifugal pump is improved by the effect of the splitter blades. The blade-to-blade low velocity regions are suppressed in the case with the splitter blades and the total pressure loss regions are decreased. The effects of the splitter blades on the performance and the internal flow condition are discussed in this paper.
Flow analysis in a return channel of a multi-stage centrifugal pump
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lee, Jung Hyun; Hur, Nahm Keon; Moshfeghi, Mohammad [Sogang University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, In Sik [Dooch Pump, Hwasung (Korea, Republic of)
Flow recirculation is an unpleasant and even hazardous phenomenon that can cause mechanical damage in turbomachinery and has to be prevented during their operations. We numerically studied the effects of return channel blade curvature on reducing the recirculation of flow inside the return channel vanes of a multi-stage centrifugal pump. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were performed for a wide range of volumetric flow rates. The standard k-ε turbulence model was adopted as the turbulence model, and the impeller rotation simulated employing the Multiple reference frames (MRF) method. First, a baseline model together with five different modified geometries for return channel was studied and compared using a two-stage pump framework. The results reveal that decreasing the curvature of the return channel blade makes smooth streamlines and eliminates the flow recirculation inside the return channels. As the second part, two return channels with the highest pump performance were selected to be used in the simulation of a multistage pump. The simulations of the multi-stage pump show that the flow inside the baseline return channel includes considerable areas of flow recirculation, while the modified return channels again have attached flow stream. It is concluded that the return channels with the smooth curvatures and outlet blade angles above 90° remove the flow recirculation inside the return channels, resulting in higher pump efficiencies.
Passive magnetic bearing in the 3rd generation miniature axial flow pump-the valvo pump 2.
Okamoto, Eiji; Ishida, Yuya; Yano, Tetsuya; Mitamura, Yoshinori
The new miniature axial flow pump (valvo pump 2) that is installed at the base of the ascending aorta consists of a six-phase stator, an impeller in which four neodymium magnets are incorporated, and passive magnetic bearings that suspend the impeller for axial levitation. The impeller is sustained by hydrodynamic force between the blade tip of the impeller and the inner housing of the stator. The passive magnetic bearing consists of a ring neodymium magnet and a columnar neodymium magnet. The ring neodymium magnet is set in the stationary side and the columnar neodymium magnet is incorporated in the impeller shaft. Both neodymium magnets are coaxially mounted, and the anterior and posterior passive magnetic bearings suspend the impeller by repulsion force against the hydrodynamic force that acts to move the impeller in the inflow port direction. The passive magnetic bearing was evaluated by a tensile test, and the levitation force of 8.5 N and stiffness of 2.45 N/mm was obtained. Performance of the axial flow pump was evaluated by an in vitro experiment. The passive magnetic bearing showed sufficient levitation capacity to suspend the impeller in an axial direction. In conclusion, the passive magnetic bearing is promising to be one of levitation technology for the third-generation axial flow blood pump.
Emile, Olivier; Emile, Janine
Most of the vibrating mechanisms of optofluidic systems are based on local heating of membranes that induces liquid flow.We report here a new type of diaphragm pump in a liquid film based on the optical radiation pressure force. We modulate a low power laser that generates, at resonance, a symmetric vibration of a free standing soap film. The film lifetime strongly varies from 56 s at low power (2 mW) to 2 s at higher power (70 mW). Since the laser beam only acts mechanically on the interfaces, such a pump could be easily implemented on delicate microequipment on chips or in biological systems.
Water pumping and analysis of flow in burrowing zoobenthos - a short overview
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Riisgård, H. U.; Larsen, Poul Scheel
Measurement of water pumping rates of burrowing animals is of crucial importance for the study of many processes both within and above the sea floor. This short review deals with water pumping and analysis of flow, including available techniques and bio-fluid mechanical theory, in burrowing deposit...
Vortex Flows in the Liquid Layer and Droplets on a Vibrating Flexible Plate
Aleksandrov, Vladimir; Kopysov, Sergey; Tonkov, Leonid
In certain conditions, in the layers and droplets of a liquid on a vibrating rectangular flexible plate, vortex flows are formed simultaneously with the excitation of capillary oscillations on the free surface of the liquid layers and droplets. Capillary oscillations in the form of two-dimensional standing waves form Faraday ripples on the free surface of the liquid layer. On the surface of the vibrating droplets, at the excitation of capillary oscillations a light spot reflected from a spotlight source moves along a trajectory in the form of a Lissajous figure observed with a microscope. When vortex flows visualized with graphite microparticles appear in the layer and droplets of a transparent liquid, the trajectory of the light spot on the layer and droplet surface is a two-dimensional trajectory in the form of an ellipse or a saddle. This indicates that the generation of the vortex flows in a liquid at vibrations is due to capillary oscillations in the orthogonally related directions. In the liquid layer and droplets on the surface of the flexible plate, the vibrations of which are generated by bending vibrations, the vortex flows appear due to the plate vibrations and the capillary oscillations of the surface of a layer or a droplet of the liquid. On the free surface of the liquid, the capillary waves, which are parametrically excited by the plate bending vibrations, are additionally modulated by the same bending vibrations in the transverse direction.
Fatigue failure in metal bellows due to flow-induced vibrations
Daniels, C. M.; Fargo, C. G.
To prevent fatigue due to flow-induced vibrations in metal bellows connected to ducts carrying liquid hydrogen, a study was made which shows that the flexure lines are in general a function of the vibration coupling between the fluid and bellows structure, and the nature of the external environment.
The study of pressure fluctuations in the pressure line of the pump and of the efficiency of the vibration absorbers
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O.V. Korolyov
Full Text Available The article presents the results of experimental studies of pressure fluctuations in the pipes of piston pumps. The relevance of these studies is due to the need to reduce the pressure fluctuations that create a positive displacement pumps, due to their negative impact not only on the reliability of the pump, but the accuracy of flow measurement and pressure of the medium supplied to such pumps. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of pulsating flows in pressure lines piston pumps of liquefied gas, as well as the study of the effectiveness of the dampers of pressure pulsations and conformity of their parameters to the calculation. Materials and Methods: As a drive used the piston pumps − single-line and trilinear. In the tests recorded pressure fluctuations in the pressure line. For this purpose the low-inertia pressure sensors 15.0 MPa working complete with strain test station, which allows registering the pressure fluctuations at frequencies up to 10 kHz. Strain test station output signal fed to the input of the oscilloscope operating in memory mode. In all tests the pressure sensor is mounted at three points - after the piston group on the pressure line before the damping device and after it. In the experiment, three different damper was used - two new, designed by the author's method and one regular damper, which are equipped with serial piston pumps. Dampers installed vertically, the flow entering to the lower cap, and an output through the side surface. Results: The experimental results confirmed the general position of the greater efficiency of complex composite filters and the correctness of chosen method of their calculation, proposed earlier by the authors. In particular, the actual level of weakening of pressure fluctuations on developed damper with a high degree coincided with the calculated results.
Axial Fan Blade Vibration Assessment under Inlet Cross-Flow Conditions Using Laser Scanning Vibrometry
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Till Heinemann
Full Text Available In thermal power plants equipped with air-cooled condensers (ACCs, axial cooling fans operate under the influence of ambient flow fields. Under inlet cross-flow conditions, the resultant asymmetric flow field is known to introduce additional harmonic forces to the fan blades. This effect has previously only been studied numerically or by using blade-mounted strain gauges. For this study, laser scanning vibrometry (LSV was used to assess fan blade vibration under inlet cross-flow conditions in an adapted fan test rig inside a wind tunnel test section. Two co-rotating laser beams scanned a low-pressure axial fan, resulting in spectral, phase-resolved surface vibration patterns of the fan blades. Two distinct operating points with flow coefficients of 0.17 and 0.28 were examined, with and without inlet cross-flow influence. While almost identical fan vibration patterns were found for both reference operating points, the overall blade vibration increased by 100% at the low fan flow rate as a result of cross-flow, and by 20% at the high fan flow rate. While numerically predicted natural frequency modes could be confirmed from experimental data as minor peaks in the vibration amplitude spectrum, they were not excited significantly by cross-flow. Instead, primarily higher rotation-rate harmonics were amplified; that is, a synchronous blade-tip flapping was strongly excited at the blade-pass frequency.
3-D Viscous Flow Analysis of a Mixed Flow Pump Impeller
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Steven M. Miner
Full Text Available This paper presents the results of a study using a coarse grid to analyze the flow in the impeller of a mixed flow pump. A commercial computational fluid dynamics code (FLOTRAN is used to solve the 3-D Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations in a rotating cylindrical coordinate system. The standard k-ε turbulence model is used. The mesh for this study uses 26,000 nodes and the model is run on a SPARCstation 20. This is in contrast to typical analyses using in excess of 100,000 nodes that are run on a super computer platform. The smaller mesh size has advantages in the design environment. Stage design parameters are, rotational speed 1185 rpm, flow coefficient φ=0.116, head coefficient ψ=0.094, and specific speed 2.01 (5475 US. Results for the model include circumferentially averaged results at the leading and trailing edges of the impeller, and analysis of the flow field within the impeller passage. Circumferentially averaged results include axial and tangential velocities, static pressure, and total pressure. Within the impeller passage the static pressure and velocity results are presented on surfaces from the leading edge to the trailing edge, the hub to the shroud, and the pressure surface to the suction surface. Results of this study are consistent with the expected flow characteristics of mixed flow impellers, indicating that small CFD models can be used to evaluate impeller performance in the design environment.
Unsteady internal flow conditions of mini-centrifugal pump with splitter blades
Shigemitsu, T.; Fukutomi, J.; Kaji, K.; Wada, T.
Mini centrifugal pumps having a diameter smaller than 100mm are employed in many fields. But the design method for the mini centrifugal pump is not established because the internal flow condition for these small-sized fluid machines is not clarified and conventional theory is not suitable for small-sized pumps. Therefore, mini centrifugal pumps with simple structure were investigated by this research. Splitter blades were adopted in this research to improve the performance and the internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump which had large blade outlet angle. The original impeller without the splitter blades and the impeller with the splitter blades were prepared for experiment. The performance tests are conducted with these rotors in order to investigate the effect of the splitter blades on performance and internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump. On the other hand, a three dimensional unsteady numerical flow analysis was conducted to investigate the change of the internal flow according to the rotor rotation. It is clarified from the experimental results that the performance of the mini centrifugal pump is improved by the splitter blades. The blade-to-blade low velocity region was suppressed in the case with the splitter blades. In addition to that, the unsteady flows near the volute casing tongue were suppressed due to the splitter blades. In the present paper, the performance of the mini centrifugal pump is shown and the unsteady flow condition is clarified with the results of the numerical flow analysis. Furthermore, the effects of the splitter blades on the performance and the unsteady internal flow condition are investigated.
Transient flow in a compressor blade row for a periodic vibration motion
Idres, Moumen; Labanie, Mohamed; Okasha, Mohamed
The goal of this work is to conduct a transient compressor blade row flow simulation as part of blade flutter modeling. An integral step of blade flutter modeling is the calculation of the aerodynamic damping factor as a function of the possible vibration mode shapes. Using Fourier method, the number of blade passages required for transient flow analysis is kept to a minimum of two for all vibration modes. In this work, a compressor rotor blade row is considered. The vibration modes are obtained using ANSYS mechanical, then, unsteady flow is obtained for vibrating blades with a harmonic motion. Work of the flow on the blade is calculated and hence the aerodynamic damping is obtained.
Numerical analysis of the internal flow field in screw centrifugal blood pump based on CFD
Han, W.; Han, B. X.; Y Wang, H.; Shen, Z. J.
As to the impeller blood pump, the high speed of the impeller, the local high shear force of the flow field and the flow dead region are the main reasons for blood damage. The screw centrifugal pump can effectively alleviate the problems of the high speed and the high shear stress for the impeller. The softness and non-destructiveness during the transfer process can effectively reduce the extent of the damage. By using CFD software, the characteristics of internal flow are analyzed in the screw centrifugal pump by exploring the distribution rules of the velocity, pressure and shear deformation rate of the blood when it flows through the impeller and the destructive effects of spiral blades on blood. The results show that: the design of magnetic levitation solves the sealing problems; the design of regurgitation holes solves the problem of the flow dead zone; the magnetic levitated microcirculation screw centrifugal pump can effectively avoid the vortex, turbulence and high shear forces generated while the blood is flowing through the pump. Since the distribution rules in the velocity field, pressure field and shear deformation rate of the blood in the blood pump are comparatively uniform and the gradient change is comparatively small, the blood damage is effectively reduced.
Numerical Investigation of Transient Flow in a Prototype Centrifugal Pump during Startup Period
Zhang, Yu-Liang; Zhu, Zu-Chao; Dou, Hua-Shu; Cui, Bao-Ling; Li, Yi; Zhou, Zhao-Zhong
Transient performance of pumps during transient operating periods, such as startup and stopping, has drawn more and more attentions recently due to the growing engineering needs. During the startup period of a pump, the performance parameters such as the flow rate and head would vary significantly in a broad range. Therefore, it is very difficult to accurately specify the unsteady boundary conditions for a pump alone to solve the transient flow in the absence of experimental results. The closed-loop pipe system including a centrifugal pump is built to accomplish the self-coupling calculation. The three-dimensional unsteady incompressible viscous flow inside the passage of the pump during startup period is numerically simulated using the dynamic mesh method. Simulation results show that there are tiny fluctuations in the flow rate even under stable operating conditions and this can be attributed to influence of the rotor-stator interaction. At the very beginning of the startup, the rising speed of the flow rate is lower than that of the rotational speed. It is also found that it is not suitable to predict the transient performance of pumps using the calculation method of quasi-steady flow, especially at the earlier period of the startup.
Simulation of two-dimensional fully developed laminar flow for a magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) pump.
Wang, Pei-Jen; Chang, Chia-Yuan; Chang, Ming-Lang
MHD micro-pumps circumvent the wear and fatigue caused by high pressure-drop across the check valves of mechanical micro-pumps in micro-fluidic systems. Early analyses of the fluid flow for MHD micro-pumps were mostly made possible by the Poiseuille flow theory; however, this conventional laminar approach cannot illustrate the effects of various channel sizes and shapes. This paper, therefore, presents a simplified MHD flow model based upon steady state, incompressible and fully developed laminar flow theory to investigate the characteristics of a MHD pump. Inside the pump, flowing along the channel is the electrically conducting fluid flowing driven by the Lorentz forces in the direction perpendicular to both dc magnetic field and applied electric currents. The Lorentz forces were converted into a hydrostatic pressure gradient in the momentum equations of the MHD channel flow model. The numerical simulations conducted with the explicit finite difference method show that the channel dimensions and the induced Lorentz forces have significant influences on the flow velocity profile. Furthermore, the simulation results agree well with the experimental results published by other researchers.
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K. Melih GÜLEREN
Full Text Available In this study, the flow in a 5-bladed centrifugal pump within vaned and vaneless diffuser is analyzed numerically. The method contains of assumption as steady, incompressible and viscous flow solved according to 2-D Navier-Stokes equations relating finite volume technique. The pump used in this study runs at 890 rpm, its impeller diameter is approximately 20 cm and it has back-swept blade geometry. The jet-wake flow structures within the impeller and diffuser passages are investigated elaborately and in addition to this, the effects of vaned and vaneless diffuser of the pump are analyzed. The results are shown as velocity vectors, pressure and turbulent kinetic energy distributions in centrifugal pump, beside the performance curves. Moreover, the results are compared with available experimental data which is seen good agreement.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Slanted Axial-flow pumping System
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Fan Yang
Full Text Available The Investigation of the three-dimensional (3D fluid flow inside a slanted axial pumping system, based on the Reynolds time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model, applying the multiple reference frames. The flow detail of whole slanted axial pumping system is attained. The relation between hydraulic performance of outlet sections with rotating impeller and installation height of pumping system and the stress distribution of impeller is analyzed, so is the relative velocity distribution near the airfoil cross sections under the designed condition. The hydraulic moment under different conditions was calculated based on the numerical results, and the changing features of hydraulic moment on blades with flow rates are analyzed. The reference nominal height of pump is put forward. The comparison of simulation results and the experiment data shows that the calculation performance closes agrees with the experiment results at the best efficiency and designed operating conditions, but under the condition of low rate, deviations exist between the two results. Using CFD method to simulate the internal flow field of slanted axial pumping system can provide the basis for the hydraulic design of the slanted axial pumping system or its optimization.
First international symposium on Flow Induced Noise and Vibration Issues and Aspects
Rosa, Sergio; Franco, Francesco; Guyader, Jean-Louis; Hambric, Stephen; Flinovia - Flow Induced Noise and Vibration Issues and Aspects
Flow induced vibration and noise (FIVN) remains a critical research topic. Even after over 50 years of intensive research, accurate and cost-effective FIVN simulation and measurement techniques remain elusive. This book gathers the latest research from some of the most prominent experts in the field. It describes methods for characterizing wall pressure fluctuations, including subsonic and supersonic turbulent boundary layer flows over smooth and rough surfaces using computational methods like Large Eddy Simulation; for inferring wall pressure fluctuations using inverse techniques based on panel vibrations or holographic pressure sensor arrays; for calculating the resulting structural vibrations and radiated sound using traditional finite element methods, as well as advanced methods like Energy Finite Elements; for using scaling approaches to universally collapse flow-excited vibration and noise spectra; and for computing time histories of structural response, including alternating stresses. This book p...
Investigation of the Flow Field and Performances of a Centrifugal Pump at Part Load
Prunières, R.; Inoue, Y.; Nagahara, T.
Centrifugal pump performance curve instability, characterized by a local dent at part load, can be the consequence of flow instabilities in rotating or stationary parts. Such flow instabilities often result in abnormal operating conditions which can damage both the pump and the system. In order for the pump to have reliable operation over a wide flow rate range, it is necessary to achieve a design free of instability. The present paper focuses on performance curve instability of a centrifugal pump of mid specific speed (ωs = 0.65) for which instability was observed at part load during tests. The geometry used for this research consist of the first stage of a multi-stage centrifugal pump and is composed of a suction bend, a closed-type impeller, a vaned diffuser and return guide vanes. In order to analyse the instability phenomenon, PIV and CFD analysis were performed. Both methods qualitatively agree relatively well. It appears that the main difference before and after head drop is an increase of reverse flow rate at the diffuser passage inlet on the hub side. This reverse flow decreases the flow passing area at the diffuser passage inlet, disallowing effective flow deceleration and impairing static pressure recovery.
3-dimensional Simulation of an Air-lift Pump from Bubbly to Slug Flow
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Jo, Hongrae; Jo, Daeseong [Kyungpook National Univ, Daegu (Korea, Republic of)
The air-lift pump has been used in various applications with its merit that it can pump up without any moving parts. E.g. coffee percolator, petroleum industry, suction dredge, OTEC i.e. ocean thermal energy conversion and so on. By the merit, it has high durability for high temperature water or vapor, and fluid-solid mixture like waste water, muddy water and crude, which cause problems when it's pumped up with general pumps. In this regard, the air-lift pump has been one of the most desirable technology. A typical air-lift pump configuration is illustrated in Figure 01. The principle of this pump is very simple. When air is injected from the injector at bottom of a submerged tube, i.e., air bubbles are suspended in the liquid, the average density of the mixture in the tube is less than that of the surrounding fluid in the reservoir. Then hydrostatic pressure over the length of the tube is decreased. This buoyancy force causes a pumping action. The comparison of the simulated results, experimental result, and theoretical result is been able by data shown as Figure 04. They have similar trends but they also have a little differences because there are some limits of simulating the flow regimes. At the different flow condition, different coefficients for friction factor or pressure drop should be used, but this simulation uses a laminar condition and the theoretical equations are valid only for slug regime where the air flow rate is lower than the other regimes. From these causes, the differences has arisen, and difference comes bigger as the air flow rate increases, i.e., becoming annular flow regime or churn flow regime.
Hemolysis research of implantable axial flow pump for two -step heart transplantation in children
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O. Yu. Dmitrieva
Full Text Available Introduction. One of the main indicators characterizing mechanical circulatory support devices (artificial valve, implantable pumps, etc. is trauma of blood cells. Therefore, while developing new pumps, one of the key studies in vitro is to evaluate blood hemolysis. For an objective hemolysis analysis of pump it is required to create a standardized methodology of hemolysis studies. The object of the study in this paper is implantable axial pump DON for two-step heart transplantation in children.The aim of study is to develop a standardized methodology of hemolysis studies of blood pumps and to conduct research of pediatric axial pump DON.Materials and methods. To conduct hemolysis research we created a mock circulatory system consisting of a reservoir placed in water bath maintaining a constant working fluid (blood temperature, hydrodynamic resistance, connecting tubes, ports for blood sampling and pressure and flow measurement systems, and research pump. Test method is to estimate levels of free hemoglobin pHb obtained by blood samples during pump working in operating mode (for pediatric pump: blood flow 2.5 l/min, pressure difference 80 mmHg. Using the data obtained the standardized indices of hemolysis NIH and MIH are calculated based on pHb values, hematocrit, total hemoglobin, blood flow and working pump time.Results. We developed and realized a standardized methodology of hemolysis research by which we evaluated hemolysis of pediatric axial pump. The results of hemolysis tests allowed us to optimize the design of DON. Obtained values of hemolysis of the latest version of pediatric pump DON-3 have shown that they do conform to the requirements of minimum blood injury and it allows us to proceed to the next step of pediatric pump research – animal experiments.Conclusion. Developed methods and evaluation tools of hemolysis allow us to provide objective information on one of the most important indicators of developing
Vibration-Free Cooling Cycle Pump for Space Vehicles and Habitats Project
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Mainstream Engineering Corporation completed the design of a high-speed pump for International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support Systems and...
Simulation of cavitation performance of an axial flow pump with inlet guide vanes
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Weimin Feng
Full Text Available The cavitation performance of an axial flow pump with inlet guide vanes for different flow rates is studied in this article. The effects of inlet guide vanes on pump hydraulic performance and cavitation are investigated, where the total vapor fraction of impeller zone (Ftv is calculated to predict the critical net positive suction head, which is compared with that predicted by efficiency criterion for different flow rates. The influences of the development of cavitation on internal flow in impeller zone are also investigated. The results obtained show that the cavitation performance of axial flow pump can be improved at off-design flow conditions by adjusting angles of inlet guide vanes to positive values at low flow rates and by regulating angles of inlet guide vanes to negative values at high flow rates. As the net positive suction head decreases, the vapor fraction first increases slowly and then increases greatly, clearly presenting cavitation process from inception to full development, which can be used to predict the required net positive suction head. When net positive suction head decreases to the value around required net positive suction head, the cavitation zone from tip of blade suction side close to leading edge and the cavitation zone from hub part of the blade suction side connect together. After the connection, the cavitation zones have great influence on the velocity flow, leading to the decrease in pump performance.
Experimental Study on Interfacial Area Transport of Two-Phase Flow under Vibration Conditions
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Xiu Xiao
Full Text Available An experimental study on air-water two-phase flow under vibration condition has been conducted using double-sensor conductivity probe. The test section is an annular geometry with hydraulic diameter of 19.1 mm. The vibration frequency ranges from 0.47 Hz to 2.47 Hz. Local measurements of void fraction, interfacial area concentration (IAC, and Sauter mean diameter have been performed along one radius in the vibration direction. The result shows that local parameters fluctuate continuously around the base values in the vibration cycle. Additional bubble force due to inertia is used to explain lateral bubble motions. The fluctuation amplitudes of local void fraction and IAC increase significantly with vibration frequency. The radial distribution of local parameters at the maximum vibration displacement is specifically analyzed. In the void fraction and IAC profiles, the peak near the inner wall is weakened or even disappearing and a strong peak skewed to outer wall is gradually observed with the increase of vibration frequency. The nondimensional peak void fraction can reach a maximum of 49% and the mean relative variation of local void fraction can increase to more than 29% as the vibration frequency increases to 2.47 Hz. But the increase of vibration frequency does not bring significant change to bubble diameter.
Flow patterns generated by vibrations in weightlessness in binary mixture with Soret effect.
Shevtsova, Valentina; Melnikov, Denis; Gaponenko, Yuri; Lyubimova, Tatyana; Mialdun, Aliaksandr; Sechenyh, Vitaliy
Vibrational convection refers to the specific flows that appear when a fluid with density gradient is subjected to external vibration. The density gradient may result from the inhomogeneity of temperature or composition. The study of vibrational impact on fluids has fundamental and applied importance. In weightlessness, vibrational convection is an additional way of transporting heat and matter similar to thermo- and solutocapillary convection. The response of the fluid to external forcing depends on the frequency of vibration. The case of small amplitude and high frequency vibration (when the period is much smaller than the characteristic viscous and heat (mass) diffusion times) is of special interest. In this case, the mean flow can be observed in the system, which describes the non-linear response of the fluid to a periodic excitation. The mean flow is most pronounced in the absence of other external forces (in particular, absence of static gravity). The experiment IVIDIL (Influence of Vibration on Diffusion in Liquids) has been conducted on the ISS during more than 3 months in 2009-2010. In the experimental liquids the density changes due to both the temperature and composition. 55 experimental runs of IVIDIL provided rich variety of valuable information about behavior of the liquid in weightlessness which is released with time, [1-3]. The current results provide experimental and numerical evidence of richness of flow patterns and their classification. References: 1. Shevtsova V., Mialdun A., Melnikov D., Ryzhkov I., Gaponenko Y., Saghir Z., Lyubimova T., Legros J.C., IVIDIL experiment onboard ISS: thermodiffusion in presence of controlled vibrations, Comptes Rendus Mecanique, 2011, 339, 310-317 2. Shevtsova V., Lyubimova T., Saghir Z. , Melnikov D., Gaponenko Y. , Sechenyh V. , Legros J.C. , Mialdun A., IVIDIL: on-board g-jitters and diffusion controlled phenomena; Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2011, 327, 012031 3. Mazzoni S., Shevtsova V., Mialdun A
Numerical simulation and analysis of solid-liquid two-phase flow in centrifugal pump
Zhang, Yuliang; Li, Yi; Cui, Baoling; Zhu, Zuchao; Dou, Huashu
The flow with solid-liquid two-phase media inside centrifugal pumps is very complicated and the relevant method for the hydraulic design is still immature so far. There exist two main problems in the operation of the two-phase flow pumps, i.e., low overall efficiency and severe abrasion. In this study, the three-dimensional, steady, incompressible, and turbulent solid-liquid two-phase flows in a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump are numerically simulated and analyzed by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on the mixture model of the two-phase flow and the RNG k- ɛ two-equation turbulence model, in which the influences of rotation and curvature are fully taken into account. The coupling between impeller and volute is implemented by means of the frozen rotor method. The simulation results predicted indicate that the solid phase properties in two-phase flow, especially the concentration, the particle diameter and the density, have strong effects on the hydraulic performance of the pump. Both the pump head and the efficiency are reduced with increasing particle diameter or concentration. However, the effect of particle density on the performance is relatively minor. An obvious jet-wake flow structure is presented near the volute tongue and becomes more remarkable with increasing solid phase concentration. The suction side of the blade is subject to much more severe abrasion than the pressure side. The obtained results preliminarily reveal the characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow in the centrifugal pump, and are helpful for improvement and empirical correction in the hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.
Effect of angle on flow-induced vibrations of pinniped vibrissae.
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Christin T Murphy
Full Text Available Two types of vibrissal surface structures, undulated and smooth, exist among pinnipeds. Most Phocidae have vibrissae with undulated surfaces, while Otariidae, Odobenidae, and a few phocid species possess vibrissae with smooth surfaces. Variations in cross-sectional profile and orientation of the vibrissae also exist between pinniped species. These factors may influence the way that the vibrissae behave when exposed to water flow. This study investigated the effect that vibrissal surface structure and orientation have on flow-induced vibrations of pinniped vibrissae. Laser vibrometry was used to record vibrations along the whisker shaft from the undulated vibrissae of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris and the smooth vibrissae of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus. Vibrations along the whisker shaft were measured in a flume tank, at three orientations (0°, 45°, 90° to the water flow. The results show that vibration frequency and velocity ranges were similar for both undulated and smooth vibrissae. Angle of orientation, rather than surface structure, had the greatest effect on flow-induced vibrations. Vibration velocity was up to 60 times higher when the wide, flat aspect of the whisker faced into the flow (90°, compared to when the thin edge faced into the flow (0°. Vibration frequency was also dependent on angle of orientation. Peak frequencies were measured up to 270 Hz and were highest at the 0° orientation for all whiskers. Furthermore, CT scanning was used to quantify the three-dimensional structure of pinniped vibrissae that may influence flow interactions. The CT data provide evidence that all vibrissae are flattened in cross-section to some extent and that differences exist in the orientation of this profile with respect to the major curvature of the hair shaft. These data support the hypothesis that a compressed cross-sectional profile may play a key role in reducing self
Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Flow Field Induced by a Symmetrical Suction Elbow at the Pump Inlet
Muntean, S.; Bosioc, A. I.; Drăghici, I.; Anton, L. E.
The paper investigates the hydrodynamic field generated by the symmetrical suction elbow at the pump impeller inlet. The full three-dimensional turbulent numerical investigation of the flow in the symmetrical suction elbow is performed using FLUENT then the flow non-uniformity generated by it is numerically computed. The numerical results on the annular cross section are qualitatively and quantitatively validated against LDV data. A good agreement between numerical results and experimental data is obtained on this cross section located downstream to the suction elbow and upstream to the pump impeller. The hydrodynamic flow structure with four vortices is identified plotting the vorticity field. The largest values of the vorticity magnitude are identified in the center of both vortices located behind the shaft. The vortex core location is plotted on four annular cross sections located along to the cylindrical part between the suction elbow and the pump inlet. Also, the three-dimensional distribution of the vortex core filaments is visualized and extracted. The shapes of vortex core filaments located behind the pump shaft agree well with its visualization performed on the test rig. As a result, the three-dimensional complex geometry of the suction elbow and the pump shaft are identified as the main sources of the flow non-uniformity at the pump inlet.
Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow and Performance Prediction of Tubular Pump with Adjustable Guide Vanes
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Honggeng Zhu
Full Text Available Aiming at the performance defect of tubular pump with fixed guide vanes, a design scheme of tubular pump with adjustable guide vanes is proposed, so that the inlet setting angle of guide vanes can be flexibly adjusted to coordinate with the operation conditions of pump, to ensure the inlet setting angle of guide vanes changing with the outlet flow angle of the impeller. The three-dimensional time-averaged incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are adopted to numerically simulate the internal flow field of a tubular pump with fixed and adjustable guide vanes, respectively. Computed results indicate that with the design of adjustable guide vanes and at off-design flow rates the flow conditions inside the diffuser of tubular pump can be improved effectively, and its hydraulic losses can be reduced. When the impeller blade angles are fixed the best efficiency points are within 0.51% while adjusting setting angles of guide vanes within a certain range. Under off-design conditions the hydraulic efficiency of tubular pump with adjustable guide vanes can be obviously improved by 1.70% at 0.75Q0 and 2.19% at 1.20Q0, when the blade angle is 0 degrees and the angle of guide vanes is adjusted to be 2 degrees smaller and larger, respectively.
Impact of syringe size on the performance of infusion pumps at low flow rates.
Schmidt, Nadia; Saez, Claudia; Seri, Istvan; Maturana, Andrés
To evaluate the impact of syringe size on start-up delay and the time to reach 50% and 90% of target flow rates, using two commercially available syringe infusion pumps at infusion rates of < or =1 mL/hr. Two syringes (Terumo) of different size (10-mL and 50-mL), using two syringe infusion pumps (Pump A, Terumo Terufusion Infusion Pump TE-331; and Pump B, Braun Perfusor Compact S) were studied. Effective fluid delivery was measured at 0.4 mL/hr, 0.8 mL/hr, and 1.0 mL/hr for the initial 60 mins, using the gravimetric method. Instant flow was calculated as volume difference for every 1-min interval per minute. Start-up delay was defined as time in minutes of 0 flow from the start of infusion. Syringe placement, bubble removal, infusion line priming, and positioning were standardized for all measurements, using new syringes and infusion lines. Each experiment was repeated six times. Statistical analysis was performed, using a nonparametric test (Mann-Whitney U test). None. None. None. Using the 50-mL syringe, the start-up delay was consistently higher and the time to reach 50% and 90% of target flow were significantly longer, independent of which syringe infusion pump was used. At every flow rate studied, the pumps did not reach the target flow rate before 60 mins with the 50-mL syringe. With the 10-mL syringe, target flow rate was achieved before 20 mins for both pumps. Our findings demonstrate a clinically relevant impact of syringe size on syringe infusion pump performance at low flow rates. The time to reach 50% and 90% of target flow are significantly longer, using the 50-mL syringe compared with the 10-mL syringe, and the time to reach 50% of target flow is independent of the longer start-up delay. Based on our findings, we speculate that smaller syringe sizes and higher infusion rates are preferable for continuous drug infusions, particularly when prompt establishment of the drug effect is critical.
Finite element calculations and experimental verification of the unsteady potential flow in a centrifugal volute pump
Badie, R.; Badie, R.; Jonker, Jan B.; van den Braembussche, R.A.
In this paper we present a finite-element-based methode for the calculation of the unsteady potential flow in rotor/stator configurations. A numerical algorithm was developed to calculate the two-dimensional flow through a centrifugal volute pump, taking into account the width variation of the
Whole-Body Vibration and Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation: A Meta-Analysis
Games, Kenneth E.; Sefton, JoEllen M.; Wilson, Alan E.
Context: The use and popularity of whole-body vibration (WBV) has increased in recent years, but there is a lack of consensus in the literature about the effectiveness of the treatment. Objective: To quantitatively examine the effects of WBV on muscle oxygenation and peripheral blood flow in healthy adults. Data Sources: We searched Web of Science and PubMed databases and reference lists from relevant articles using the key terms whole body vibration, whole-body vibration, WBV, blood flow, peripheral blood flow, oxygenation, muscle oxygenation, circulation, circulatory, near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS, and power Doppler. Key terms were searched using single word and combination searches. No date range was specified. Study Selection: Criteria for inclusion were (1) use of a commercially available WBV device, (2) a human research model, (3) a pre-WBV condition and at least 1 WBV experimental condition, and (4) reporting of unstandardized means and standard deviations of muscle oxygenation or peripheral blood flow. Data Extraction: Means, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted from the text, tables, and figures of included studies. A total of 35 and 90 data points were extracted for the muscle-oxygenation and blood-flow meta-analyses, respectively. Data for each meta-analysis were combined and analyzed using meta-analysis software. Weighted, random-effects meta-analyses using the Hedges g metric were completed for muscle oxygenation and blood flow. We then conducted follow-up analyses using the moderator variables of vibration type, vibration time, vibration frequency, measurement location, and sample type. Data Synthesis: We found 18 potential articles. Further examination yielded 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Whole-body vibration was shown to positively influence peripheral blood flow. Additionally, the moderators of vibration type and frequency altered the influence of WBV on blood flow. Overall, WBV did not alter muscle oxygenation
Whole-body vibration and blood flow and muscle oxygenation: a meta-analysis.
Games, Kenneth E; Sefton, JoEllen M; Wilson, Alan E
The use and popularity of whole-body vibration (WBV) has increased in recent years, but there is a lack of consensus in the literature about the effectiveness of the treatment. To quantitatively examine the effects of WBV on muscle oxygenation and peripheral blood flow in healthy adults. We searched Web of Science and PubMed databases and reference lists from relevant articles using the key terms whole body vibration, whole-body vibration, WBV, blood flow, peripheral blood flow, oxygenation, muscle oxygenation, circulation, circulatory, near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS, and power Doppler. Key terms were searched using single word and combination searches. No date range was specified. Criteria for inclusion were (1) use of a commercially available WBV device, (2) a human research model, (3) a pre-WBV condition and at least 1 WBV experimental condition, and (4) reporting of unstandardized means and standard deviations of muscle oxygenation or peripheral blood flow. Means, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted from the text, tables, and figures of included studies. A total of 35 and 90 data points were extracted for the muscle-oxygenation and blood-flow meta-analyses, respectively. Data for each meta-analysis were combined and analyzed using meta-analysis software. Weighted, random-effects meta-analyses using the Hedges g metric were completed for muscle oxygenation and blood flow. We then conducted follow-up analyses using the moderator variables of vibration type, vibration time, vibration frequency, measurement location, and sample type. We found 18 potential articles. Further examination yielded 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Whole-body vibration was shown to positively influence peripheral blood flow. Additionally, the moderators of vibration type and frequency altered the influence of WBV on blood flow. Overall, WBV did not alter muscle oxygenation; however, when the measurement site was considered, muscle oxygenation increased or
Variable flow controls of closed system pumps for energy savings in maritime power systems
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Su, Chun-Lien; Liao, Chi-Hsiang; Chou, Tso-Chu
Pumps are extensively used in maritime industries as marine vessels utilize a wide range of pumps and pumping techniques to transfer and distribute all types of air and fluids. The electrical energy consumed by the various motors accounts for about 70% of a vessel's total power consumption......, and this presents a problem in unique marine environments. Such situations are especially conducive to energy-saving strategies using variable frequency drives (VFDs) in centrifugal load service. This paper presents the design and results of applying variable frequency constant pressure technology in closed system...... pumps on marine vessels. The existing problem of traditional control methods for closed system pumps is analyzed and a mathematical model for variable flow controls with the appropriate control settings is derived. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated and verified through experimental...
Evidence for cooperative vibrational relaxation of the NH-, OH-, and OD-stretching modes in hydrogen-bonded liquids using infrared pump-probe spectroscopy.
Shaw, D J; Panman, M R; Woutersen, S
Vibrational energy relaxation of the NH-, OH-, and OD-stretching modes in hydrogen-bonded liquids has been investigated by means of infrared pump-probe spectroscopy. The relaxation rates have been determined both in neat liquids and in isotopic mixtures with systematically varied isotope fractions. In all liquids, the vibrational relaxation rate increases as the isotope fraction is increased and reaches a maximum in the neat liquid. The dependence of the relaxation rate on the isotope fraction suggests a relaxation channel in which the vibrational energy is partitioned between accepting modes of two neighboring molecules.
Generation of localized disturbances by surface vibrations behind the ledge in the laminar flow
Pavlenko, A. M.; Katasonov, M. M.; Kozlov, V. V.; Dovgal, A. V.
The occurrence and development of hydrodynamic perturbations generated by low-frequency vibrations of a local section of a streamlined surface in a separated flow behind a rectangular ledge on a flat plate are investigated in the wind tunnel. The results were obtained by the hot-wire anemometry method at a low subsonic flow velocity. It is established that vibrations of the wall generate perturbations of the separation zone, which are streaky structures, and accompanying wave packets of oscillations. The separation of the laminar boundary layer promotes the growth of wave packets with subsequent turbulence of the wall flow.
Flow induced vibration of subsea gas production systems caused by choke valves
Ligterink, N.E.; Groot, R. de; Gharaibah, E.; Slot, H.J.
In the design of subsea flow systems the integrity and reliability is paramount. As the equipment must be designed to operate at a large variety of conditions, inherent to the many processes, evaluation of the integrity is complex. . Flow induced pulsations and vibrations can cause serious design
Flow induced vibration of subsea gas production system caused by choke valves
Ligterink, N.E.; Groot, R. de; Gharaibah, E.; Slot, H.J.
In the design of subsea flow systems the integrity and reliability is paramount. As the equipment must be designed to operate at a large variety of conditions, inherent to the many processes, evaluation of the integrity is complex. . Flow induced pulsations and vibrations can cause serious design
Investigation of Flow Through Centrifugal Pump Impellers Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
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Weidong Zhou
Full Text Available With the aid of computational fluid dynamics, the complex internal flows in water pump impellers can be well predicted, thus facilitating the design of pumps. This article describes the three-dimensional simulation of internal flow in three different types of centrifugal pumps (one pump has four straight blades and the other two have six twisted blades. A commercial three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code called CFX, with a standard k–ε two-equation turbulence model was used to simulate the problem under examination. In the calculation, the finite-volume method and an unstructured grid system were used for the solution procedure of the discretized governing equations for this problem.
Design and optimization of a large flow rate booster pump in SWRO energy recovery system
Lai, Z. N.; Wu, P.; Wu, D. Z.; Wang, L. Q.
Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is a high energy-consumption industry, so energy efficiency is an important issue. Energy recovery systems, which contain a pressure exchanger and a booster pump, are widely used in SWRO plants. As a key part of energy recovery system, the difficulty of designing booster pumps lies in high inlet pressure, high medium causticity and large flow rate. High inlet pressure adds difficulties to seal design, and large flow rate and high efficiency requirement bring high demand for hydraulic design. In this paper, a 625 m3/h booster pump is designed and optimized according to the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation results. The impeller and volute is well designed, a new type of high pressure mechanical seal is applied and axial force is well balanced. After optimization based on blade redesign, the efficiency of the pump was improved. The best efficiency reaches more than 85% at design point according to the CFD simulation result.
Modeling of static and flowing-gas diode pumped alkali lasers
Barmashenko, Boris D.; Auslender, Ilya; Yacoby, Eyal; Waichman, Karol; Sadot, Oren; Rosenwaks, Salman
Modeling of static and flowing-gas subsonic, transonic and supersonic Cs and K Ti:Sapphire and diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) is reported. A simple optical model applied to the static K and Cs lasers shows good agreement between the calculated and measured dependence of the laser power on the incident pump power. The model reproduces the observed threshold pump power in K DPAL which is much higher than that predicted by standard models of the DPAL. Scaling up flowing-gas DPALs to megawatt class power is studied using accurate three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model, taking into account the effects of temperature rise and losses of alkali atoms due to ionization. Both the maximum achievable power and laser beam quality are estimated for Cs and K lasers. The performance of subsonic and, in particular, supersonic DPALs is compared with that of transonic, where supersonic nozzle and diffuser are spared and high power mechanical pump (needed for recovery of the gas total pressure which strongly drops in the diffuser), is not required for continuous closed cycle operation. For pumping by beams of the same rectangular cross section, comparison between end-pumping and transverse-pumping shows that the output power is not affected by the pump geometry, however, the intensity of the output laser beam in the case of transverse-pumped DPALs is strongly non-uniform in the laser beam cross section resulting in higher brightness and better beam quality in the far field for the end-pumping geometry where the intensity of the output beam is uniform.
Experimental study on cross-flow induced vibrations in heat exchanger tube bundle
Khushnood, Shahab; Nizam, Luqman Ahmad
Vibration in heat exchangers is one of the main problems that the industry has faced over last few decades. Vibration phenomenon in heat exchangers is of major concern for designers and process engineers since it can lead to the tube damage, tube leakage, baffle damage, tube collision damage, fatigue, creep etc. In the present study, vibration response is analyzed on single tube located in the centre of the tube bundle having parallel triangular arrangement (60°) with P/ D ratio of 1.44. The experiment is performed for two different flow conditions. This kind of experiment has not been reported in the literature. Under the first condition, the tube vibration response is analyzed when there is no internal flow in the tube and under the second condition, the response is analyzed when the internal tube flow is maintained at a constant value of 0.1 m/s. The free stream shell side velocity ranges from 0.8 m/s to 1.3 m/s, the reduced gap velocity varies from 1.80 to 2.66 and the Reynolds number varies from 44500 to 66000. It is observed that the internal tube flow results in larger vibration amplitudes for the tube than that without internal tube flow. It is also established that over the current range of shell side flow velocity, the turbulence is the dominant excitation mechanism for producing vibration in the tube since the amplitude varies directly with the increase in the shell side velocity. Damping has no significant effect on the vibration behavior of the tube for the current velocity range.
Numerical Simulation of 3D Solid-Liquid Turbulent Flow in a Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump: Flow Field Analysis
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Baocheng Shi
Full Text Available For numerically simulating 3D solid-liquid turbulent flow in low specific speed centrifugal pumps, the iteration convergence problem caused by complex internal structure and high rotational speed of pump is always a problem for numeral simulation researchers. To solve this problem, the combination of three measures of dynamic underrelaxation factor adjustment, step method, and rotational velocity control means according to residual curves trends of operating parameters was used to improve the numerical convergence. Numeral simulation of 3D turbulent flow in a low specific speed solid-liquid centrifugal pump was performed, and the results showed that the improved solution strategy is greatly helpful to the numerical convergence. Moreover, the 3D turbulent flow fields in pumps have been simulated for the bottom ash-particles with the volume fraction of 10%, 20%, and 30% at the same particle diameter of 0.1 mm. The two-phase calculation results are compared with those of single-phase clean water flow. The calculated results gave the main region of the abrasion of the impeller and volute casing and improve the hydraulic design of the impeller in order to decrease the abrasion and increase the service life of the pump.
Prediction of flow- induced dynamic stress in an axial pump impeller using FEM
Y Gao, J.; Hou, Y. S.; Xi, S. Z.; Cai, Z. H.; Yao, P. P.; Shi, H. L.
Axial pumps play an important role in water supply and flood control projects. Along with growing requirements for high reliability and large capacity, the dynamic stress of axial pumps has become a key problem. Unsteady flow is a significant reason which results structural dynamic stress of a pump. This paper reports on a flow-induced dynamic stress simulation in an axial pump impeller at three flow conditions by using FEM code. The pressure pulsation obtained from flow simulation using CFD code was set as the force boundary condition. The results show that the maximum stress of impeller appeared at joint between blade and root flange near trailing edge or joint between blade and root flange near leading edge. The dynamic stress of the two zones was investigated under three flow conditions (0.8Qd, 1.0Qd, 1.1Qd) in time domain and frequency domain. The frequencies of stress at zones of maximum stress are 22.9Hz and 37.5Hz as the fundamental frequency and its harmonics. The fundamental frequencies are nearly equal to vane passing frequency (22.9 Hz) and 3 times blade passing frequency (37.5Hz). The first dominant frequency at zones of maximum stress is equal to the vane passing frequency due to rotor-stator interaction between the vane and the blade. This study would be helpful for axial pumps in reducing stress, improving structure design and fatigue life.
Quantification of the influence of external vibrations on the measurement error of a coriolis mass-flow meter
van de Ridder, Bert; Hakvoort, Wouter; van Dijk, Johannes; Lötters, Joost Conrad; de Boer, Andries
In this paper the influence of external vibrations on the measurement value of a Coriolis mass-flow meter (CMFM) for low flows is investigated and quantified. Model results are compared with experimental results to improve the knowledge on how external vibrations affect the mass-flow measurement
Decreased skeletal muscle pump activity in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and low peripheral blood flow.
Stewart, Julian M; Medow, Marvin S; Montgomery, Leslie D; McLeod, Kenneth
Standing translocates thoracic blood volume into the dependent body. The skeletal muscle pump participates in preventing orthostatic intolerance by enhancing venous return. We investigated the hypothesis that skeletal muscle pump function is impaired in postural tachycardia (POTS) associated with low calf blood flow (low-flow POTS) and depends in general on muscle blood flow. We compared 12 subjects that have low-flow POTS with 10 controls and 7 patients that have POTS and normal calf blood flow using strain-gauge plethysmography to measure peripheral blood flow, venous capacitance, and calf muscle pump function. Blood volume was estimated by dye dilution. We found that calf circumference was reduced in low-flow POTS (32 +/- 1 vs. 39 +/- 3 and 43 +/- 3 cm) and, compared with controls and POTS patients with normal blood flow, is related to the reduced fraction of calf venous capacity emptied during voluntary muscle contraction (ejection fraction, 0.52 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.07 and 0.80 +/- 0.06). We found that blood flow was linearly correlated (r(p) = 0.69) with calf circumference (used as a surrogate for muscle mass). Blood volume measurements were 2.2 +/- 0.3 in low-flow POTS vs. 2.6 +/- 0.5 in controls (P = 0.17) and 2.4 +/- 0.7 in normal-flow POTS patients. Decreased calf blood flow may reduce calf size in POTS and thereby impair the upright ejective ability of the skeletal muscle pump and further contribute to overall reduced blood flow and orthostatic intolerance in these patients.
Performance analysis of axial flow pump on gap changing between impeller and guide vane
Wang, W. J.; Liang, Q. H.; Wang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yin, G.; Shi, X. X.
In order to study the influence on gap changing of the static and dynamic components in axial flow pump, the axial flow pump model (TJ04-ZL-06) that used in the eastern of south-to-north water diversion project was selected. Steady turbulence field with different gaps was simulated by standard κ-ε turbulence model and double-time stepping methods. Information on the pressure distribution and velocity distribution of impeller surfaces were obtained. Then, calculated results were compared with the test results and analyzed. The results show that the performance of pump is not sensitive with the axial gap width under design conditions and the large flow rate condition. With increasing gap width, it will be improved in low flow rate condition. The attack angle of impeller inlet in small flow rate condition become small and the flow separation phenomenon can be observed in this condition. The axial velocity distribution of impeller outlet is nonlinear and to increase the axial gap is to improve the flow pattern near the hub effectively. The trend of calculating results is identical with test. It will play a guiding role to the axial pump operation and design in south-to-north water diversion project.
Water Flow Testing and Unsteady Pressure Analysis of a Two-Bladed Liquid Oxidizer Pump Inducer
Schwarz, Jordan B.; Mulder, Andrew; Zoladz, Thomas
The unsteady fluid dynamic performance of a cavitating two-bladed oxidizer turbopump inducer was characterized through sub-scale water flow testing. While testing a novel inlet duct design that included a cavitation suppression groove, unusual high-frequency pressure oscillations were observed. With potential implications for inducer blade loads, these high-frequency components were analyzed extensively in order to understand their origins and impacts to blade loading. Water flow testing provides a technique to determine pump performance without the costs and hazards associated with handling cryogenic propellants. Water has a similar density and Reynolds number to liquid oxygen. In a 70%-scale water flow test, the inducer-only pump performance was evaluated. Over a range of flow rates, the pump inlet pressure was gradually reduced, causing the flow to cavitate near the pump inducer. A nominal, smooth inducer inlet was tested, followed by an inlet duct with a circumferential groove designed to suppress cavitation. A subsequent 52%-scale water flow test in another facility evaluated the combined inducer-impeller pump performance. With the nominal inlet design, the inducer showed traditional cavitation and surge characteristics. Significant bearing loads were created by large side loads on the inducer during synchronous cavitation. The grooved inlet successfully mitigated these loads by greatly reducing synchronous cavitation, however high-frequency pressure oscillations were observed over a range of frequencies. Analytical signal processing techniques showed these oscillations to be created by a rotating, multi-celled train of pressure pulses, and subsequent CFD analysis suggested that such pulses could be created by the interaction of rotating inducer blades with fluid trapped in a cavitation suppression groove. Despite their relatively low amplitude, these high-frequency pressure oscillations posed a design concern due to their sensitivity to flow conditions and
Root cause analysis of vibrations and pulsations in a naphtha pipe system with centrifugal pumps
Bokhorst, E. van; Almasy, S.
The capacity of a platform installation consisting of naphtha feed lines from centrifugal pumps to an oven has been increased by 25 % in combination with rerouting of the piping layout upstream of the oven and inside the convection zone. The operating company observed considerable increase of the
3D-CFD Simulation of Confined Cross-Flow Injection Process Using Single Piston Pump
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M. Elashmawy
Full Text Available Injection process into a confined cross flow is quite important for many applications including chemical engineering and water desalination technology. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of the injection process into a confined cross-flow of a round pipe using a single piston injection pump. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD analysis has been carried out to investigate the effect of the locations of the maximum velocity and minimum pressure on the confined cross-flow process. The jet trajectory is analyzed and related to the injection pump shaft angle of rotation during the injection duty cycle by focusing on the maximum instant injection flow of the piston action. Results indicate a low effect of the jet trajectory within the range related to the injection pump operational conditions. Constant cross-flow was used and injection flow is altered to vary the jet to line flow ratio (QR. The maximum jet trajectory exhibits low penetration inside the cross-flow. The results showed three regions of the flow ratio effect zones with different behaviors. Results also showed that getting closer to the injection port causes a significant decrease on the locations of the maximum velocity and minimum pressure.
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Blade Radial Gap Flow on Axial Blood Pump Performance.
Liu, Guang-Mao; Jin, Dong-Hai; Zhou, Jian-Ye; Zhang, Yan; Chen, Hai-Bo; Sun, Han-Song; Hu, Sheng-Shou; Gui, Xing-Min
The gaps between the blades and the shroud (or hub) of an axial blood pump affect the hydraulics, efficiency, and hemolytic performance. These gaps are critical parameters when a blood pump is manufactured. To evaluate the influence of blade gaps on axial blood pump performance, the flow characteristics inside an axial blood pump with different radial blade gaps were numerically simulated and analyzed with special attention paid to the hydraulic characteristics, gap flow, hydraulic efficiency, and hemolysis index (HI). In vitro hydraulic testing and particle image velocimetry testing were conducted to verify the numerical results. The simulation results showed that the efficiency and pressure rise decreased when the gap increased. The efficiency of the axial blood pump at design point decreased from 37.1% to 27.1% and the pressure rise decreased from 127.4 to 71.2 mm Hg when the gap increased from 0.1 to 0.3 mm. Return and vortex flows were present in the outlet guide vane channels when the gap was larger than 0.2 mm. The HI of the blood pump with a 0.1 mm gap was 1.5-fold greater than that with a 0.3 mm gap. The results illustrated poor hydraulic characteristics when the gap was larger than 0.15 mm and rapidly deteriorated hemolysis when the gap was larger than 0.1 mm. The numerical and experimental results demonstrated that the pressure rise, pump efficiency, and scalar shear stress decreased when the gap increased. The HI did not strictly decrease with gap increases. The preliminary results encourage the improvement of axial blood pump designs.
Unified gas-kinetic scheme for diatomic molecular flow with translational, rotational, and vibrational modes
Wang, Zhao; Yan, Hong; Li, Qibing; Xu, Kun
The unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) is a direct modeling method for both continuum and rarefied flow computations. In the previous study, the UGKS was developed for diatomic molecular simulations with translation and rotational motions. In this paper, a UGKS with non-equilibrium translational, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom, will be developed. The new scheme is based on the phenomenological gas dynamics model, where the translational, rotational, and vibrational modes get to the equilibrium with different time scales with the introduction of rotational and vibrational collision numbers. This new scheme is tested in a few cases, such as the homogeneous flow relaxation, shock structure, shock tube problem, and flow passing through a circular and semi-circular cylinders. The analytical and DSMC solutions are used for the validation of the UGKS, and reasonable agreements have been achieved.
Computation of stress distribution in a mixed flow pump based on fluid-structure interaction analysis
Hu, F. F.; Chen, T.; Wu, D. Z.; Wang, L. Q.
The internal flow evolution of the pump was induced with impeller movement. In various conditions, the peak load on centrifugal blade under the change of rotational speed or flow rate was also changed. It would cause an error when inertia load with a safety coefficient (that was difficult to ascertain) was applied in structure design. In order to accurately analyze the impeller stress under various conditions and improve the reliability of pump, based on a mixed flow pump model, the stress distribution characteristic was analyzed under different flow rates and rotational speeds. Based on a three-dimensional calculation model including impeller, guide blade, inlet and outlet, the three-dimension incompressible turbulence flow in the centrifugal pump was simulated by using the standard k-epsilon turbulence model. Based on the sequentially coupled simulation approach, a three-dimensional finite element model of impeller was established, and the fluid-structure interaction method of the blade load transfer was discussed. The blades pressure from flow simulation, together with inertia force acting on the blade, was used as the blade loading on solid surface. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to calculate the stress distribution of the blade respectively under inertia load, or fluid load, or combined load. The results showed that the blade stress changed with flow rate and rotational speed. In all cases, the maximum stress on the blade appeared on the pressure side near the hub, and the maximum static stress increased with the decreasing of the flow rate and the increasing of rotational speed. There was a big difference on the static stress when inertia load, fluid load and combined loads was applied respectively. In order to more accurately calculate the stress distribution, the structure analysis should be conducted due to combined loads. The results could provide basis for the stress analysis and structure optimization of pump.
3D CFD modeling of flowing-gas DPALs with different pumping geometries and various flow velocities
Yacoby, Eyal; Waichman, Karol; Sadot, Oren; Barmashenko, Boris D.; Rosenwaks, Salman
Scaling-up flowing-gas diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) to megawatt class power is studied using accurate three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model, taking into account the effects of temperature rise and losses of alkali atoms due to ionization. Both the maximum achievable power and laser beam quality are estimated for Cs and K lasers. We examined the influence of the flow velocity and Mach number M on the maximum achievable power of subsonic and supersonic lasers. For Cs DPAL devices with M = 0.2 - 3 the output power increases with increasing M by only 20%, implying that supersonic operation mode has only small advantage over subsonic. In contrast, the power achievable in K DPALs strongly depends on M. The output power increases by 100% when M increases from 0.2 to 4, showing a considerable advantage of supersonic device over subsonic. The reason for the increase of the power with M in both Cs and K DPALs is the decrease of the temperature due to the gas expansion in the flow system. However, the power increase for K lasers is much larger than for the Cs devices mainly due to the much smaller fine-structure splitting of the 2P states ( 58 cm-1 for K and 554 cm-1 for Cs), which results in a much stronger effect of the temperature decrease in K DPALs. For pumping by beams of the same rectangular cross section, comparison between end-pumping and transverse-pumping shows that the output power is not affected by the pump geometry. However, the intensity of the output laser beam in the case of transverse-pumped DPALs is strongly non-uniform in the laser beam cross section resulting in higher brightness and better beam quality in the far field for the end-pumping geometry where the intensity of the output beam is uniform.
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Ján Kosiba
Full Text Available This paper deals with the effect of ecological energy carrier on flow characteristics of a hydraulic pump. A hydraulic oil MOL Farm UTTO Synt was used as an ecological energy carrier. After completing 900 engine hours, the flow efficiency of the hydraulic pump decreased by Δηpr = 1.197 %. Oil samples were taken from the agricultural tractor Zetor Forterra 114 41. These samples were subjected to an IR spectroscopy analysis in an accredited laboratory WearCheck, Hungary. The following oil properties were examined: kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, viscosity index, silicium and ferrum content.
Theoretical investigation on exciplex pumped alkali vapor lasers with sonic-level gas flow
Xu, Xingqi; Shen, Binglin; Huang, Jinghua; Xia, Chunsheng; Pan, Bailiang
Considering the effects of higher excited and ion energy states and utilizing the methodology in the fluid mechanics, a modified model of exciplex pumped alkali vapor lasers with sonic-level flowing gas is established. A comparison of output characters between subsonic flow and supersonic flow is made. In this model, higher excited and ion energy states are included as well, which modifies the analysis of the kinetic process and introduces larger heat loading in an operating CW exciplex-pumped alkali vapor laser. The results of our calculations predict that subsonic flow has an advantage over supersonic flow under the same fluid parameters, and stimulated emission in the supersonic flow would be quenched while the pump power reaching a threshold value of the fluid choking effect. However, by eliminating the influence of fluid characters, better thermal management and higher optical conversion efficiency can be obtained in supersonic flow. In addition, we make use of the "nozzle-diffuser" to build up the closed-circle flowing experimental device and gather some useful simulated results.
Some Transverse Resonant Vibration Characteristics of Wire Rope with Application to Flow-Induced Cable Vibrations
A cabhle in tOw second mode We will use the approach developed by Murthy and Ramakrishna 181 to determine tie stretching contril )ution for the...resonantly vibrating wire. From that paper, the damping quality factor, Q = 27/T , of the first four modes of a piano wire yields essentially the same value...when divided by the corresponding resonant frequency. Both the quality factor Q and the quotient Q/f 21/6f are listed in Table 3 for comparison
Response of a flexible filament in a flowing soap film subject to a forced vibration
Jia, Laibing; Xiao, Qing; Wu, Haijun; Wu, Yanfeng; Yin, Xiezhen
The interactions between flexible plates and fluids are important physical phenomena. A flag in wind is one of the most simplified and classical models for studying the problem. In this paper, we investigated the response of a flag in flow with an externally forced vibration by using flexible filaments and soap film. Experiments show that for a filament that is either in oscillation or stationary, the external forced vibration leads to its oscillation. A synchronization phenomenon occurs in the experiments. A small perturbation leads to a large response of flapping amplitude in response. The insight provided here is helpful to the applications in the flow control, energy harvesting, and bionic propulsion areas.
Turbulent flow and pressure fluctuation prediction of the impeller in an axial-flow pump based on LES
Shen, J. F.; Li, Y. J.; Liu, Z. Q.; Tang, X. L.
The Large Eddy Simulation method with sliding mesh technique has been used for analyzing the unsteady flow in an axial-flow pump at five different flow rates. The tip leakage flow in the tip-gap region and the pressure pulsations on the blade surface were examined. The results indicate that the agreement between predicted pump performance and experimental data was reasonably good. The dominate tip-leakage vortex(TLV) extended to the pressure side of the neighboring blade for all five investigated flow rates. As the flow rate increases from 0.7Qd to 1.2Qd, the angle between the dominate TLV and the blade reduced from 20 deg to 14 deg. The results also showed that the amplitude of pressure fluctuation on the near-tip zone of the blade surface increases as the flow rate farer from the design flow rate, especially on the pressure side of the blade. At the 0.7Qd operation condition, the pressure fluctuation amplitude of the monitoring point PP3 (at the near-tip zone on the pressure side of the blade close to the blade leading edge) was 8.5 times of the one at design flow rate, and the high-frequency(18fr) pulsation occurred due to tip leakage vortex. When the flow rate was more than 1.0Qd, the pressure fluctuations of PP3 was dominated by the rotation frequency(fr).
Importance of Added Mass and Damping in Flow-Induced Vibration Analysis of Tubes Bundle: An Overview
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Faisal Karim Shami
Full Text Available Flow-induced vibration is of prime concern to the designers of heat exchangers subjected to high flows of gases or liquids. Excessive vibration may cause tube failure due to fatigue or fretting-wear. Tube failure results in, expensive plant upholding and suffers loss of production. Therefore, tube failure due to unwarranted vibration must be avoided in process heat exchangers and nuclear steam generators, preferably at design stage. Such vibration problems may be avoided through a comprehensive flowinduced vibration analysis before fabrication of heat exchangers. However, it requires an understanding of vibration mechanism and parameters related to flow-induced vibration. For an accurate vibration analysis, it is of prime importance to have good estimates of structural and flow related dynamic parameters. Thus dynamic parameters such as added mass and damping are of significant concern in a flow regime. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of our state of knowledge and role of dynamic parameters in flow-induced vibration on tube bundles due to current trend of larger heat exchangers. The present paper provides published data, analysis, evaluation, formulation, and experimental studies related to hydrodynamic mass and damping by a large number of researchers. Guidelines for experimental research and heat exchangers design related to added mass and damping mechanisms subjected to both single and two-phase flow are outlined in this paper.
Application of Vibrational Power Flow to a Passenger Car for Reduction of Interior Noise
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S.K. Lee
Full Text Available Reduction of structure-borne noise in the compartment of a car is an important task in automotive engineering. Transfer path analysis using the vibroacoustic reciprocity technique or multiple path decomposition method has generally been used for structure-borne noise path analysis. These methods are useful for solving a particular problem, but they do not quantify the effectiveness of vibration isolation of each isolator of a vehicle. To quantify the effectiveness of vibration isolation, vibrational power flow has been used for a simple isolation system or a laboratory-based isolation system. It is often difficult to apply the vibrational power flow technique to a complex isolation system like a car. In this paper, a simple equation is derived for calculation of the vibrational power flow of an isolation system with multiple isolators such as a car. It is successfully applied not only to quantifying the relative contributions of eighteen isolators, but also to reducing the structure-borne noise of a passenger car. According to the results, the main contributor of the eighteen isolators is the rear roll mount of an engine. The reduced structure-borne noise level is about 5dBA.
Secondary flows enhance mixing in a model of vibration-assisted dialysis
Pitre, John; Mueller, Bruce; Lewis, Susan; Bull, Joseph
Hemodialysis is an integral part of treatment for patients with end stage renal disease. While hemodialysis has traditionally been described as a diffusion-dominated process, recent in vitro work has shown that vibration of the dialyzer can enhance the clearance of certain solutes during treatment. We hypothesize that the addition of vibration generates secondary flows in the dialysate compartment. These flows, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the dialysis fibers, advect solute away from the fiber walls, thus maintaining a larger concentration gradient and enhancing diffusion. Using the finite element method, we simulated the flow of dialysate through a hexagonally-packed array of cylinders and the transport of solute away from the cylinder walls. The addition of vibration was modeled using sinusoidal body forces of various frequencies and amplitudes. Using the variance of the concentration field as a metric, we found that vibration improves mixing according to a power law dependency on frequency. We will discuss the implications of these computational results on our understanding of the in vitro experiments and propose optimal vibration patterns for improving clearance in dialysis treatments. This work was supported by the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research and NIH Grant UL1TR000433.
A Laminar Flow-Based Microfluidic Tesla Pump via Lithography Enabled 3D Printing.
Habhab, Mohammed-Baker; Ismail, Tania; Lo, Joe Fujiou
Tesla turbine and its applications in power generation and fluid flow were demonstrated by Nicholas Tesla in 1913. However, its real-world implementations were limited by the difficulty to maintain laminar flow between rotor disks, transient efficiencies during rotor acceleration, and the lack of other applications that fully utilize the continuous flow outputs. All of the aforementioned limits of Tesla turbines can be addressed by scaling to the microfluidic flow regime. Demonstrated here is a microscale Tesla pump designed and fabricated using a Digital Light Processing (DLP) based 3D printer with 43 µm lateral and 30 µm thickness resolutions. The miniaturized pump is characterized by low Reynolds number of 1000 and a flow rate of up to 12.6 mL/min at 1200 rpm, unloaded. It is capable of driving a mixer network to generate microfluidic gradient. The continuous, laminar flow from Tesla turbines is well-suited to the needs of flow-sensitive microfluidics, where the integrated pump will enable numerous compact lab-on-a-chip applications.
A Laminar Flow-Based Microfluidic Tesla Pump via Lithography Enabled 3D Printing
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Mohammed-Baker Habhab
Full Text Available Tesla turbine and its applications in power generation and fluid flow were demonstrated by Nicholas Tesla in 1913. However, its real-world implementations were limited by the difficulty to maintain laminar flow between rotor disks, transient efficiencies during rotor acceleration, and the lack of other applications that fully utilize the continuous flow outputs. All of the aforementioned limits of Tesla turbines can be addressed by scaling to the microfluidic flow regime. Demonstrated here is a microscale Tesla pump designed and fabricated using a Digital Light Processing (DLP based 3D printer with 43 µm lateral and 30 µm thickness resolutions. The miniaturized pump is characterized by low Reynolds number of 1000 and a flow rate of up to 12.6 mL/min at 1200 rpm, unloaded. It is capable of driving a mixer network to generate microfluidic gradient. The continuous, laminar flow from Tesla turbines is well-suited to the needs of flow-sensitive microfluidics, where the integrated pump will enable numerous compact lab-on-a-chip applications.
Water Flow Performance of a Superscale Model of the Fastrac Liquid Oxygen Pump
Skelley, Stephen; Zoladz, Thomas
As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's ongoing effort to lower the cost of access to space, the Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a rocket engine with 60,000 pounds of thrust for use on the Reusable Launch Vehicle technology demonstrator slated for launch in 2000. This gas generator cycle engine, known as the Fastrac engine, uses liquid oxygen and RP-1 for propellants and includes single stage liquid oxygen and RP-1 pumps and a single stage supersonic turbine on a common shaft. The turbopump design effort included the first use and application of new suction capability prediction codes and three-dimensional blade generation codes in an attempt to reduce the turbomachinery design and certification costs typically associated with rocket engine development. To verify the pump's predicted cavitation performance, a water flow test of a superscale model of the Fastrac liquid oxygen pump was conducted to experimentally evaluate the liquid oxygen pump's performance at and around the design point. The water flow test article replicated the flow path of the Fastrac liquid oxygen pump in a 1.582x scale model, including scaled seal clearances for correct leakage flow at a model operating speed of 5000 revolutions per minute. Flow entered the 3-blade axial-flow inducer, transitioned to a shrouded, 6- blade radial impeller, and discharged into a vaneless radial diffuser and collection volute. The test article included approximately 50 total and static pressure measurement locations as well as flush-mounted, high frequency pressure transducers for complete mapping of the pressure environment. The primary objectives of the water flow test were to measure the steady-state and dynamic pressure environment of the liquid oxygen pump versus flow coefficient, suction specific speed, and back face leakage flow rate. Initial results showed acceptable correlation between the predicted and experimentally measured pump head rise at low suction specific speeds
Gas flow through the clearances of screw spindle vacuum pumps; Gasspaltstroemungen in Schraubenspindel-Vakuumpumpen
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Kauder, K.; Wenderott, D. [Dortmund Univ. (Germany). FG Fluidenergiemaschinen
The documentation `Schraubenmaschinen` deals with the subject `screw spindle vacuum pump` for the first time. Therefore, this paper presents the type of maschine `screw spindle vacuum pump`, fixes its limits to the better known screw type compressor and finally classifies it in the crossover of vacuum-technology, characteristic geometry and the numerical simulation. The suggested reflections to choose a proper model of flow are based on the geometry of the screw spindle vacuum pump and fundamentals concerning the vacuum-technology and the state of flow. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Schriftenreihe `Schraubenmaschinen` behandelt erstmals das Thema `Schraubenspindel-Vakuumpumpe`. Aus diesem Grund stellt der vorliegende Beitrag den Maschinentyp Schraubenspindel-Vakuumpumpe vor, grenzt ihn zur bekannteren Schraubenmaschine ab und ordnet ihn in der Schnittmenge aus Vakuumtechnik, charakteristischer Maschinengeometrie und der Simulation ein. Auf den vakuumtechnischen und stroemungstechnischen Grundlagen sowie geometrischen Betrachtungen basieren die genannten Ueberlegungen zur Auswahl geeigneter Stroemungsmodelle. (orig.)
Vibration isolation for Coriolis Mass-Flow meters
van de Ridder, Bert
A Coriolis Mass-Flow Meter (CMFM) is an active device based on the Coriolis force principle for direct mass-flow measurements, with high accuracy, range-ability and repeatability. The working principle of a CMFM is as follows: a fluid conveying tube is actuated to oscillate at a low amplitude. A
Anderson, HH
Centrifugal Pumps describes the whole range of the centrifugal pump (mixed flow and axial flow pumps are dealt with more briefly), with emphasis on the development of the boiler feed pump. Organized into 46 chapters, this book discusses the general hydrodynamic principles, performance, dimensions, type number, flow, and efficiency of centrifugal pumps. This text also explains the pumps performance; entry conditions and cavitation; speed and dimensions for a given duty; and losses. Some chapters further describe centrifugal pump mechanical design, installation, monitoring, and maintenance. The
Experimental study on the similarity of flow in pump sump models
Kawakita, K.; Matsui, J.; Isoda, H.
To study the similarity law in the flow of pump sump, especially on the critical submergence for both air entraining vortex and submerged vortex, three model pump sumps are constructed with geometrical similarity. Changing the flow rate and water height, the condition when sump vortex occurs is studied in each model. On the air entraining vortex, there are two critical lines of submergence, one is in proportional to the flow rate or velocity at bell inlet, the other is almost independent from flow rate. The former may be the effect of Froude number, but the later is not clear. On the submerged vortex, the line is not clear in the smallest model. Comparing the coefficients of above lines, the kinetic similarity is got at the same velocity condition, not Froude number similarityor Reynolds number similarity.
Turbulent flow analysis and cavitation prediction in axial cooling water pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Y Vazifeshenas
Full Text Available The aim of this literature is to investigate the performance and three-dimensional flow field in an axial flow CW pump and observing cavitation phenomenon in specified situations. Computational Fluid Dynamic software FLUENT 6.3 was utilized to simulate the whole flow field of the pump to capture all features in the domain. RNG k-ε model combined with standard wall functions is used to deal with the turbulent nature of the problem. Two principal domains are verified: 1 the rotor domain which includes four moving impellers. 2 the stator domain which includes nine static vanes. Hence, the rotor-stator interaction was treated with Moving Reference Frame (MRF technique. Pressure contour and streamlines of the simulation are shown here. The performance curve of the model is in good agreement with the reference power plant data. Finally, the cavitation region defined with the vaporization pressure is demonstrated for cases with different flow rates.
Flow and Loss Mechanisms in Volutes of Centrifugal Pumps
982 281 ∆PoMVDL 1453 2486 1939 492 791 674 94 157.5 126 ∆PoTVDL 98 9 215 ΩT .2 .2 .5 ∆ Poin -out 4034 5067 4520 1478 1777 1660 590 653 622 ∆PoMC...averaged Poout and Poin (column 3) can be used to quantify the friction- and tangential flow losses. The loss coefficients for tangential flow loss under...Engineering for Power , Vol. 82, No. 2, April 1960, pp. 136-144. [21] Van den Braembussche, R.A., Ayder, E., Hagelstein, D., Rautenberg, M.: Improved
Quantitative estimation of the influence of external vibrations on the measurement error of a coriolis mass-flow meter
van de Ridder, Bert; Hakvoort, Wouter; van Dijk, Johannes; Lötters, Joost Conrad; de Boer, Andries; Dimitrovova, Z.; de Almeida, J.R.
In this paper the quantitative influence of external vibrations on the measurement value of a Coriolis Mass-Flow Meter for low flows is investigated, with the eventual goal to reduce the influence of vibrations. Model results are compared with experimental results to improve the knowledge on how
Fatigue behavior of flexhoses and bellows due to flow-induced vibrations
Desai, P. V.; Thornhill, L.
The analysis and results developed in a fresh approach to calculate flow induced vibration response of a flexible flow passage are summarized. The vibration results are further examined in the frequency domain to obtain dominant frequency information. A cumulative damage analysis due to cyclic strains is performed to obtain the number of cycles to failure for a metallic bellows of particular specifications under a variety of operational conditions. Sample plots of time and frequency domain responses are included. The complex listing of a computer program is provided. The program successively executes each of the analyses needed to calculate the vibration response, the frequency response, the cyclic strains and the number of cycles to failure. The program prompts the user for necessary input information. Sample data from the program is provided. The fatigue life results obtained by the computer model lie within an acceptable range of previously measured available data.
PIV Measurements and CFD computations of secondary flow in a centrifugal pump impeller (061104)
Westra, R.W.; Broersma, L.; van Andel, Koen; Kruyt, Nicolaas P.
Two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses have been performed on the steady velocity field inside the shrouded impeller of a low specific-speed centrifugal pump operating with a vaneless diffuser. Flow rates ranging from
Investigation into Transient Flow in a Centrifugal Pump with Wear Ring Clearance Variation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Houlin Liu
Full Text Available The leakage flow paths in the sidewall gaps of centrifugal pumps are of significant importance for numbers of effects. The paper is concerned with the transient flow in the leakage flow paths with wear ring clearance variation. For this purpose, numerical simulations of the whole pump were carried out. The grid dependence and yplus check were performed first. Additionally, experimental data of performance characteristic and pressure fluctuation inside the sidewall gap was used to validate the numerical results. The transient velocity fields inside the sidewall gaps during one blade passage period were simulated. And the leakage through the wear ring gap was obtained for all operating points investigated. To have a better idea of attenuation and propagation of pressure inside the sidewall gap, the unsteady pressure distributions in the gap were calculated. Additionally, the surfaces of the impeller were divided into four parts. The fluid force on each part was expressed as a percentage of the total radial force. Through comparing the flow fields, the pressure distributions, and the radial force between the pumps with different wear ring clearances, the effects of the wear ring clearance were discussed in detail. The results can be used to guide the optimum design of the pump sidewall gaps.
Modeling and experiments on differential pumping in linear plasma generators operating at high gas flows
van Eck, H. J. N.; Koppers, W. R.; van Rooij, G. J.; W. J. Goedheer,; Engeln, R.; D.C. Schram,; Cardozo, N. J. L.; Kleyn, A. W.
The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method was used to investigate the efficiency of differential pumping in linear plasma generators operating at high gas flows. Skimmers are used to separate the neutrals from the plasma beam, which is guided from the source to the target by a strong axial
Self-pumping effects and radiation linewidth of Josephson flux-flow oscillators
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Koshelets, V.P.; Shitov, S.V.; Shchukin, A.V.
Flux-flow oscillators (FFO's) are being developed for integration with a SIS mixer for use in submillimeter wave receivers, The present work contains a detailed experimental study of the dc, microwave, and noise properties of Nb-AlOx-Nb FFO's, A model based on the Josephson self-pumping effect is...
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of a mixed flow pump impeller
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The CAD models of the mixed flow impeller with optimum inlet and outlet angles are modeled using CAD modelling software ProE WF3. To find the relationship between the vane angles and the impeller performance the optimum vane angle is achieved step by step. Three CAD models are modeled with the vane angles ...
Experimental test on impeller clocking effect in a multistage centrifugal pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Minggao Tan
Full Text Available In this article, the effects of clocking effect on performance and vibration intensity of a five-stage centrifugal pump were investigated by experimental tests. The vibration characteristics of five positions in the pump were measured, including axial direction of the pump and horizontal and vertical directions of pump inlet and outlet. There are eight clocking schemes between the impellers in the test, which are arranged by orthogonal experimental design. The test results show that the clocking effect of impellers has little effect on the head and efficiency of the five-stage pump in the whole flow rate. Compared with the results of 0° stagger angle clocking scheme between each impeller, in the whole flow rate, the pulsation of pump head and efficiency is just 1.5% and 1.3%, respectively, under other clocking schemes of impellers. Instead, the impeller clocking has a significant effect on the vibration characteristics of the model pump. The maximum vibration intensity of the five-stage pump locates in the vertical direction of pump inlet within the whole flow rate. Under the best clocking scheme of impellers, the maximum vibration intensity of the pump can decrease by 23.1% and the mean vibration intensity can decrease by 17.3%.
An in vitro evaluation of flow from multihole epidural catheters during continuous infusion with four different infusion pumps.
McAtamney, D; O'Hare, C; Fee, J P
We have observed in vitro the distribution of flow from 10 identical multihole epidural catheters during continuous infusion with four different infusion pumps. The pumps chosen were the B Braun Perfusor Secura FT syringe driver and three volumetric infusion pumps utilising different pumping mechanisms (Dekra 3000 BL, Graseby 500 and CADD-Prizm). These pumps infused 0.9% saline through each catheter at 5 ml.h-1, 15 ml.h-1, 50 ml.h-1 and 99 ml.h-1 for 3 min. The number of holes through which flow occurred and the catheter hole where flow predominated during each test were recorded. The pressure waveform generated during each infusion was displayed and the peak pressure recorded. In 38 of the 160 tests (24%) the largest proportion of flow was seen at the hole closest to the catheter tip. The CADD pump generated multihole flow during significantly more tests (p < 0.0001) than the other pumps and produced significantly higher driving pressures (p < 0.001) at all infusion rates compared with the Graseby and Perfusor pumps. The CADD was the only pump to produce flow from all three holes of the catheter at 5 ml.h-1.
Pump flow estimation from pressure head and power uptake for the HeartAssist5, HeartMate II, and HeartWare VADs.
Pennings, Kim A M A; Martina, Jerson R; Rodermans, Ben F M; Lahpor, Jaap R; van de Vosse, Frans N; de Mol, Bas A J M; Rutten, Marcel C M
The use of long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for heart failure by means of implanted continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (cf-LVADs) will increase, either to enable recovery or to provide a destination therapy. The effectiveness and user-friendliness of MCS will depend on the development of near-physiologic control strategies for which accurate estimation of pump flow is essential. To provide means for the assessment of pump flow, this study presents pump models, estimating pump flow (Q(lvad)) from pump speed (n) and pressure difference across the LVAD (Δp(lvad)) or power uptake (P). The models are evaluated for the axial-flow LVADs HeartAssist5 (HA5) and HeartMate II (HMII), and for a centrifugal pump, the HeartWare (HW). For all three pumps, models estimating Q(lvad) from Δp(lvad) only is capable of describing pump behavior under static conditions. For the axial pumps, flow estimation from power uptake alone was not accurate. When assuming an increase in pump flow with increasing power uptake, low pump flows are overestimated in these pumps. Only for the HW, pump flow increased linearly with power uptake, resulting in a power-based pump model that estimates static pump flow accurately. The addition of pressure head measurements improved accuracy in the axial cf-LVAD estimation models.
Development of flow separation control system to reduce the vibration of wind turbine blades
Kim, Ho-Young; Kim, Ho-Hyun; Han, Jong-Seob; Han, Jae-Hung
The size of wind turbine blade has been continuously increased. Large-scale wind turbine blades induce loud noise, vibration; and maintenance difficulty is also increased. It causes the eventual increases of the cost of energy. The vibration of wind turbine blade is caused by several reasons such as a blade rotation, tower shadow, wind shear, and flow separation of a wind turbine blade. This wind speed variation changes in local angle of attack of the blades and create the vibration. The variation of local angle of attack influences the lift coefficient and causes the large change of the lift. In this study, we focus on the lift coefficient control using a flow control device to reduce the vibration. DU35-A15 airfoil was employed as baseline model. A plasma actuator was installed to generate the upwind jet in order to control the lift coefficient. Wind tunnel experiment was performed to demonstrate of the performance of the plasma actuator. The results show the plasma actuator can induce the flow separation compared with the baseline model. In addition, the actuator can delay the flow separation depending on the input AC frequency with the same actuator configuration.
Numerical investigation of fluid structure interaction between unsteady flow and vibrating liner in a combustion chamber
Khatir, Z.; Pozarlik, Artur Krzysztof; Kok, Jacobus B.W.; Cooper, R.K.; Watterson, J.W.; Oñate, E.; Papadrakakis, M.; Schrefler, B.
Numerical investigations of fluid structure interaction between unsteady flow and vibrating liner in a combustion chamber are undertaken. The computational study consist of two approaches. Firstly, a partioned procedure consists of coupling the LES code AVBP for combustion modelling with the FEM
Potential effects of whole-body vibration exercises on blood flow ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: The ability to control skin blood flow decreases with advancing age and some clinical disorders, as in diabetes and in rheumatologic diseases. Feasible clinical strategies such as whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) are being used without a clear understanding of its effects. The aim of the present study is to ...
Determination of vibration frequency depending on abrasive mass flow rate during abrasive water jet cutting
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Hreha, P.; Radvanská, A.; Hloch, Sergej; Peržel, V.; Krolczyk, G.; Monková, K.
Roč. 77, 1-4 (2014), s. 763-774 ISSN 0268-3768 Institutional support: RVO:68145535 Keywords : Abrasive water jet * Abrasive mass flow rate * Vibration Subject RIV: JQ - Machines ; Tools Impact factor: 1.458, year: 2014 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00170-014-6497-9#page-1
3D CFD modeling of subsonic and transonic flowing-gas DPALs with different pumping geometries
Yacoby, Eyal; Sadot, Oren; Barmashenko, Boris D.; Rosenwaks, Salman
Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D CFD) modeling of subsonic (Mach number M ~ 0.2) and transonic (M ~ 0.9) diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs), taking into account fluid dynamics and kinetic processes in the lasing medium is reported. The performance of these lasers is compared with that of supersonic (M ~ 2.7 for Cs and M ~ 2.4 for K) DPALs. The motivation for this study stems from the fact that subsonic and transonic DPALs require much simpler hardware than supersonic ones where supersonic nozzle, diffuser and high power mechanical pump (due to a drop in the gas total pressure in the nozzle) are required for continuous closed cycle operation. For Cs DPALs with 5 x 5 cm2 flow cross section pumped by large cross section (5 x 2 cm2) beam the maximum achievable power of supersonic devices is higher than that of the transonic and subsonic devices by only ~ 3% and ~ 10%, respectively. Thus in this case the supersonic operation mode has no substantial advantage over the transonic one. The main processes limiting the power of Cs supersonic DPALs are saturation of the D2 transition and large ~ 60% losses of alkali atoms due to ionization, whereas the influence of gas heating is negligible. For K transonic DPALs both the gas heating and ionization effects are shown to be unimportant. The maximum values of the power are higher than those in Cs transonic laser by ~ 11%. The power achieved in the supersonic and transonic K DPAL is higher than for the subsonic version, with the same resonator and K density at the inlet, by ~ 84% and ~ 27%, respectively, showing a considerable advantaged of the supersonic device over the transonic one. For pumping by rectangular beams of the same (5 x 2 cm2) cross section, comparison between end-pumping - where the laser beam and pump beam both propagate at along the same axis, and transverse-pumping - where they propagate perpendicularly to each other, shows that the output power and optical-to-optical efficiency are not
Flow-induced vibration and flow characteristics prediction for a sliding roller gate by two-dimensional unsteady CFD simulation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kim, Nak-Geun; Lee, Kye-Bock [Chungbuk National University, Cheongju (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Yong [Korea Water Resources Corporation, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
Numerical analysis on the flow induced vibration and flow characteristics in the water gate has been carried out by 2-dimensional unsteady CFD simulation when sea water flows into the port in the river. Effect of gate opening on the frequency and the mean velocity and the vortex shedding under the water gate were studied. The streamlines were compared for various gate openings. To get the frequency spectrum, Fourier transform should be performed. Spectral analysis of the excitation force signals permitted identification of the main characteristics of the interaction process. The results show that the sources of disturbed frequency are the vortex shedding from under the water gate. As the gate opening ratio increases, the predicted vibration frequency decreases. The bottom scouring occurs for large gate opening rather than smaller one. The unstable operation conditions can be estimated by using the CFD results and the Strouhal number results for various gate opening gaps.
An experimental study of rotor-filter pump performance
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Marshek, K.M.; Naja, M.R.
The performance of a rotor-filter pump has been studied experimentally. To develop an understanding of pump performance, and in particular to discern the mechanism of hydraulic pulsing, flow visualization in the rotor, vibration analyses of the pump, frequency analysis of the pump hydraulic pressure pulsation, and analyses of flow characteristics for different pick-up tubes in combination with different impellers and cover plates were conducted. The frequencies of the pump's hydraulic pulsation is shown to be a function of the number of pick-up arms and the motor speed. The pump vibration and its pulsation amplitude were reduced by increasing the number of pick-up arms or by adding a radial impeller. These actions increased the lowest frequency of pulsation and decreased the chance of excitation of the pump system parts.
Generating pulsatility by pump speed modulation with continuous-flow total artificial heart in awake calves.
Fukamachi, Kiyotaka; Karimov, Jamshid H; Sunagawa, Gengo; Horvath, David J; Byram, Nicole; Kuban, Barry D; Dessoffy, Raymond; Sale, Shiva; Golding, Leonard A R; Moazami, Nader
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sinusoidal pump speed modulation of the Cleveland Clinic continuous-flow total artificial heart (CFTAH) on hemodynamics and pump flow in an awake chronic calf model. The sinusoidal pump speed modulations, performed on the day of elective sacrifice, were set at ±15 and ± 25% of mean pump speed at 80 bpm in four awake calves with a CFTAH. The systemic and pulmonary arterial pulse pressures increased to 12.0 and 12.3 mmHg (±15% modulation) and to 15.9 and 15.7 mmHg (±25% modulation), respectively. The pulsatility index and surplus hemodynamic energy significantly increased, respectively, to 1.05 and 1346 ergs/cm at ±15% speed modulation and to 1.51 and 3381 ergs/cm at ±25% speed modulation. This study showed that it is feasible to generate pressure pulsatility with pump speed modulation; the platform is suitable for evaluating the physiologic impact of pulsatility and allows determination of the best speed modulations in terms of magnitude, frequency, and profiles.
Influence of non-linear flow on the pumping tests in karstified and fractured aquifers
Farkas-Karay, Gyöngyi; Birk, Steffen; Vasvári, Vilmos; Hajnal, Géza; Mayaud, Cyril
When evaluating pumping test data in karstified or fractured aquifers remarkable deviations from the theoretically estimated curves can be observed. The assumptions of the commonly used evaluation methods (Theis, Cooper-Jacob, Papadopulus-Cooper) usually do not fit to properties in hard rock aquifers, where often non-linear, heterogeneous and non-isotropic conditions can appear. The analysis of the effect of these conditions helps to better evaluate the pumping test data and to avoid the mistakes caused by the use of traditional methods. In this study the influence of non-linear flow was analysed based on field data and computer-generated time series. Using Non-Linear Flow Process for MODFLOW (Mayaud, C., Walker, P., Hergarten, S. and Birk, S., 2015, Nonlinear Flow Process: A New Package to Compute Nonlinear Flow in MODFLOW. Groundwater, 53: 645-650) allowed the simulation of non-linear flow in aquifers based on the Forchheimer equation. The analysis showed that the detection of non-linear flow can be subserved by separate evaluation of drawdown and recovery time series or by using additional observation wells. Recovery data and data from observation wells far enough from the pumped well are not disturbed by nonlinearity; the comparison with drawdown data of observation wells and the pumped well therefore can show whether or not non-linear flow appears. In particular, proper results of aquifer parameters can be obtained from recovery data. If only drawdown data from the pumped well are available it is helpful to replace the losses caused by non-linear flow by non-linear well losses (see also Mathias, S. A., and L. C. Todman, 2010, Step-drawdown tests and the Forchheimer equation, Water Resour. Res., 46, W07514). The applicability of the Jacob's step-drawdown-test evaluation in Forchheimer-flow cases is demonstrated by comparison with the numerical non-linear flow model. Inaccurate parameter estimates resulting from neglecting non-linear flow demonstrate the
Extension of vibrational power flow techniques to two-dimensional structures
Cuschieri, Joseph M.
In the analysis of the vibration response and structure-borne vibration transmission between elements of a complex structure, statistical energy analysis (SEA) or finite element analysis (FEA) are generally used. However, an alternative method is using vibrational power flow techniques which can be especially useful in the mid frequencies between the optimum frequency regimes for SEA and FEA. Power flow analysis has in general been used on 1-D beam-like structures or between structures with point joints. In this paper, the power flow technique is extended to 2-D plate-like structures joined along a common edge without frequency or spatial averaging the results, such that the resonant response of the structure is determined. The power flow results are compared to results obtained using FEA results at low frequencies and SEA at high frequencies. The agreement with FEA results is good but the power flow technique has an improved computational efficiency. Compared to the SEA results the power flow results show a closer representation of the actual response of the structure.
FIVPET Flow-Induced Vibration Test Report (1) - Candidate Spacer Grid Type I (Optimized H Type)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lee, Kang Hee; Kang, Heung Seok; Yoon, Kyung Ho; Song, Kee Nam; Kim, Jae Yong
The flow-induced vibration (FIV) test using a 5x5 partial fuel assembly was performed to evaluate mechanical/structural performance of the candidate spacer grid type I (Optimized H shape). From the measured vibration response of the test bundle and the flow parameters, design features of the spacer strap can be analyzed in the point of vibration and hydraulic aspect, and also compared with other spacer strap in simple comparative manner. Furthermore, the FIV test will contributes to understand behaviors of nuclear fuel in operating reactor. The FIV test results will be used to verify the theoretical model of fuel rod and assembly vibration. The aim of this report is to present the results of the FIV test of partial fuel assembly and to introduce the detailed test methodology and analysis procedure. In chapter 2, the overall configuration of test bundle and instrumented tube is remarked and chapter 3 will introduce the test facility (FIVPET) and test section. Chapter 4 deals with overall test condition and procedure, measurement and data acquisition devices, instrumentation equipment and calibration, and error analysis. Finally, test result of vibration and pressure fluctuation is presented and discussed in chapter 5.
CFD Analysis for Optimization of Guide Vane of Axial-Flow Pump
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yun, Jeong-Eui [Kangwon Nat'l Univ., Chuncheon (Korea, Republic of)
In a pump, from the performance point of view, it is very important to minimize the shock loss at the inlet of the rotor blades. In this study, the effects of shape and install angle of the inlet guide on the performance of an axial-flow pump are numerically simulated using commercial CFD code, Ansys CFX. Finally, to obtain the optimized shape of the vanes and the install angle of the vanes in the inlet guide under given operating conditions, optimization analysis is conducted using Analysis design exploration based on response surface optimization.
Cavitation performance and flow characteristic in a centrifugal pump with inlet guide vanes
Tan, L.; Zha, L.; Cao, S. L.; Wang, Y. C.; Gui, S. B.
The influence of prewhirl regulation by inlet guide vanes (IGVs) on cavitation performance and flow characteristic in a centrifugal pump is investigated. At the impeller inlet, the streamlines are regulated by the IGVs, and the axial velocity distribution is also influenced by the IGVs. Due to the total pressure loss on the IGVs, the cavitation performance of the centrifugal pump degrades. The cavitation area in impeller with IGVs is larger than one without IGVs. The specify values of total pressure loss between the suction pipe inlet and impeller inlet for three cavitation conditions show that the IGVs will generate additional pressure loss, which is related to the IGVs angles and cavitation conditions.
Study of flow induce vibration inside 3.5 inch hard disk drives
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wichitpon Seepangmon
Full Text Available This study focused on flow induced vibration of head stack assembly (HSA in a 3.5 inch hard disk drive with 5 disks and 10 read/write heads. We studied the effects of air flow on gimbal flex and resonance on arm. The comparison of vibrations on slider between the normal model and the experiment has been done for verifying the model. The peaks of frequency in experiment match the normal model at 1,040 1,320 and 1,400 Hz respectively. After that, the RNG K-ε turbulence model was used to determine the turbulent air flow of 7,200 rpm hard disk drive. The comparison between the normal model and the model with spoiler was investigated by using, computational fluid dynamics software (ANSYS and FLUENT. The results shown velocity magnitudes at the arm were decreased by 0.725 - 57.689 % and pressure dropped by 74.028 - 87.222 %. The velocity magnitudes at the gimbal flex were decreased by 5.522 - 14.291 % and pressure dropped by 48.440 - 82.947 %. The peak of vibrations on arm and gimbal flex was occurred at the frequency 1200 Hz. The model with spoiler could reduce vibration at arm by 2.56 - 95.601 % and reduce vibration at gimbal flex by 4.065 - 95.503 %. In the conclusion, the model with a spoiler could decrease the vibration at all surface of the arm and gimbal flex due to the velocity and pressure reduction[1][4].
An improved turbulence model for separation flow in a centrifugal pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yun Ren
Full Text Available For the stable and reliable operation of centrifugal pump, the transient flow must be studied and the separation region should be avoided. Three-dimensional, incompressible, steady, and transient flows in a centrifugal pump at specific speed within 74 were numerically studied using shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model, and an improved explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model–rotation-curvature turbulence model was proposed by considering the effects of rotation and curvature in the impeller passages in this work. Steady and transient computations were conducted to compare with the experiments. The comparison of pump hydraulic performance showed that the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model–rotation-curvature turbulence model was better than the original model, especially between 0.6QBEP and 1.2QBEP; the improved model could enhance the head prediction of pump by about 1%–7% than that with the original model. Then, the visualization of the vortex evolution was observed to validate the unsteady simulations. Good agreement was investigated between calculations and visualizations. It is indicated that the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model–rotation-curvature model can successfully capture the separation flow.
Swarm intelligence based on modified PSO algorithm for the optimization of axial-flow pump impeller
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Miao, Fuqing; Kim, Chol Min; Ahn, Seok Young [Pusan National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Park, Hong Seok [Ulsan University, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)
This paper presents a multi-objective optimization of the impeller shape of an axial-flow pump based on the Modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm. At first, an impeller shape was designed and used as a reference in the optimization process then NPSHr and η of the axial flow pump were numerically investigated by using the commercial software ANSYS with the design variables concerning hub angle β{sub h}, chord angle β{sub c}, cascade solidity of chord σ{sub c} and maximum thickness of blade H. By using the Group method of data handling (GMDH) type neural networks in commercial software DTREG, the corresponding polynomial representation for NPSHr and η with respect to the design variables were obtained. A benchmark test was employed to evaluate the performance of the MPSO algorithm in comparison with other particle swarm algorithms. Later the MPSO approach was used for Pareto based optimization. Finally, the MPSO optimization result and CFD simulation result were compared in a re-evaluation process. By using swarm intelligence based on the modified PSO algorithm, better performance pump with higher efficiency and lower NPSHr could be obtained. This novel algorithm was successfully applied for the optimization of axial-flow pump impeller shape design.
Numerical Analysis of Flow Phenomena in a Residual Heat Removal Pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jianping Yuan
Full Text Available The hydraulic performances as well as the cavitation phenomena in a scaled residual heat removal pump were investigated by experimental and numerical methods, respectively. In particular, a 3D numerical model of cavitation was adopted to simulate the internal cavitating flow through the model pump. The hydraulic performances of the model pump predicted by numerical simulations were in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The main generation and evolution of attached cavitation throughout the blade channels at different cavitating conditions have been investigated using the vapor fraction ISO surface and in-plane velocity vectors. Results show that the low static pressure at the impeller inlet is the main reason for leading edge cavitation by correlation analysis of static pressure on the midspan of impeller. Cavitation proved to occur over a wide range of flow rates, producing a characteristic creeping shape of the head-drop curve and developing in the form of nonaxisymmetric cavities at design flow rate. Moreover, the occurrence of these cavities, attached to the suction surface of blades, was found to depend on the NPSHA value. Numerical and experimental results in this paper can provide better understanding of the origin of leading edge cavitation in residual heat removal pumps.
Gas flow to a barometric pumping well in a multilayer unsaturated zone
You, Kehua; Zhan, Hongbin; Li, Jian
When an open well is installed in an unsaturated zone, gas can flow between the subsurface and the well depending on the gas pressure gradient near the well. This well is called a barometric pumping well (BPW). Quantifying gas flow rate to and from a BPW is indispensable to optimize the passive soil vapor extraction in remediation of volatile organic compounds in the unsaturated zone. This study presents a two-dimensional (2-D) semianalytical solution for a multilayer unsaturated zone (ML solution) to determine gas flow rate to and from a BPW. The gas flow rate is approximated by a decomposing method frequently used in previous studies, that is, first solving the one-dimensional (1-D) vertical flow equation in response to the surface barometric pressure fluctuations and then superimposing this solution on that of the 1-D horizontally radial flow equation. The error induced by this approximation is quantified by a 2-D numerical simulation for the first time in this study. Results show that the maximum error induced is 20% at the peak flow rates. The ML solution is demonstrated to be sufficient for predicting subsurface gas pressure and gas flow rate in a multilayer unsaturated zone by the barometric pumping test at the Hanford site.
Flow Characteristics at the Pump-Turbine Interface of a Torque Converter at Extreme Speed Ratios
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. Habsieger
Full Text Available The average velocity field at the pump–turbine interface in a scaled version of a truck torque converter was studied. Seven different turbine-to-pump rotational-speed ratios were examined, ranging from near stall (0.065 to overspeed (1.050 so as to determine the effect of the speed ratio on the flow field and on the mass flow rate. Laser velocimetry was used to measure the flow velocity through the pump's exit and the turbine's inlet plane. At the pump's exit, as the speed ratio increases, the high velocities move to the pressure-shell corner and then to both the core-suction and the pressureshell corners. Concentrated velocity gradients are largest at the lowest speed ratio, but areas of velocity gradients are largest near the coupling point. Near the coupling point, the flow field is most nonuniform, which yields a highly periodic flow into the turbine inlet. Above the coupling point, the high velocity remains in the pressure-shell corner but separation is seen to develop at the highest speed ratio. At the turbine's inlet, reverse flow is seen at low speed ratios and is an indicator of flow leakage through the core. Velocity gradients are very large at low speed ratios. As the speed ratio increases to the coupling point, the high velocities remain on the shell side. Above the coupling point, the high-velocity flow migrates from the shell side to the core side. The mass flow rate decreases significantly and nonlinearly with the increase of the speed ratio, but for speed ratios greater than 1.000, the negative slope decreases.
Numerical simulation and experimental research of the flow force and forced vibration in the nozzle-flapper valve
Li, Lei; Yan, Hao; Zhang, Hengxuan; Li, Jing
In the pilot stage of nozzle-flapper servo valve, the flow force on the flapper is the key reason that leads to forced vibration of the armature assembly, which may result in the fatigue of the flexure tube in torque motor. To master the principles and features of the flow force and the source of the forced vibration of the armature assembly, mathematical models of flow force and the forced vibration are deduced in this paper. For validating the model, a three-dimensional model is built and a finite element analysis of the flow force with different inlet pressure and deflections is presented and an innovative and experimental rig for measuring the steady and dynamic frequency of flow force is also designed. The characteristic of the main flow force, minor flow force and total flow force are analyzed contrastively, and the experimental results agree well with the CFD results and mathematical model analysis. To find the source of forced vibration of the armature assembly, a knocking method is proposed to measure the natural frequency of armature assembly. By comparing the spectrum of the pressure and vibration movement through experiments, a conclusion can be drawn that the inlet pressure fluctuation near the natural frequency of armature assembly and the asymmetric structure of pilot stage are the necessary and sufficient conditions to make the armature assembly yield forced vibration. In the end, some suggestions have been made to decrease the intensity of forced vibration of the pilot stage according to the findings.
Validation of vibration-dissociation coupling models in hypersonic non-equilibrium separated flows
Shoev, G.; Oblapenko, G.; Kunova, O.; Mekhonoshina, M.; Kustova, E.
The validation of recently developed models of vibration-dissociation coupling is discussed in application to numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in a two-temperature approximation for a binary N2/N flow. Vibrational-translational relaxation rates are computed using the Landau-Teller formula generalized for strongly non-equilibrium flows obtained in the framework of the Chapman-Enskog method. Dissociation rates are calculated using the modified Treanor-Marrone model taking into account the dependence of the model parameter on the vibrational state. The solutions are compared to those obtained using traditional Landau-Teller and Treanor-Marrone models, and it is shown that for high-enthalpy flows, the traditional and recently developed models can give significantly different results. The computed heat flux and pressure on the surface of a double cone are in a good agreement with experimental data available in the literature on low-enthalpy flow with strong thermal non-equilibrium. The computed heat flux on a double wedge qualitatively agrees with available data for high-enthalpy non-equilibrium flows. Different contributions to the heat flux calculated using rigorous kinetic theory methods are evaluated. Quantitative discrepancy of numerical and experimental data is discussed.
Effect of Induced Vibration on the Blood Flow Properties in a Mechanical Aortic Valve
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kadhim Saleem Khalefa
Full Text Available The effect of induced vibration on velocity distribution for the blood flow in the bileaflet mechanical heart valves conveying blood was investigated in this study. The bileaflet valve was simulated as an orifice. The induced vibration is due to the pulsed blood flow in the artery. Results presented in this study were performed using CFD FLUENT software. This analysis is based on the non-linear numerical solution by using a finite-element method, for the system of governing partial differential equations (continuity, momentum of Navier - Stokes equation of blood flow through the orifice. It has been found that as the flow through the orifice increased, the vibration at the orifice inlet increased. For steady state conditions, at Reynolds number 50 the recorded frequency was 20Hz. When the Reynolds number increased to 100 due to the increase in the blood flow the recorded frequency increased to 30Hz. The increase in frequency may result in damaging the blood red cells and platelets which subsequently results in increasing the blood clogging downstream of the orifice.
Quasi-three dimensional hydraulic design and performance calculation of high specific speed mixed-flow pump
Su, M.; Zhang, Y. X.; Zhang, J. Y.; Hou, H. C.
According to the basic parameters of 211-80 high specific speed mixed-flow pump, based on the quasi-three dimensional flow theory, the hydraulic design of impeller and its matching spaced guide vanes for high specific speed mixed flow pump was completed, in which the iterative calculation of S 1, S 2 stream surfaces was employed to obtain meridional flow fields and the point-by-point integration method was employed to draw blade camber lines. Blades are thickened as well as blade leading edges are smoothed in the conformal mapping surface. Subsequently the internal fields of the whole flow passage of the designed pump were simulated by using RANS equations with RNG k-ε two-equation turbulent model. The results show that, compared with the 211-80 model, the hydraulic efficiency of the designed pump at the optimal flow rate increases 9.1%. The hydraulic efficiency of designed pump in low flow rate condition (78% designed flow rate) increases 6.46%. The hydraulic efficiency in high flow rate areas increases obviously and there is no bad phenomenon of suddenly decrease of hydraulic efficiency in model pump. From the distributions of velocity and pressure fields, it can be seen that the flow in impeller is uniform and the increase of pressure is gentle. There are no obvious impact phenomenon on impeller inlet and obvious wake shedding vortex phenomenon from impeller outlet to guide vanes inlet.
Multi-pumping flow system for the spectrophotometric determination of dipyrone in pharmaceutical preparations.
Lima, José L F C; Oliveira Sá, Sandra M; Santos, João L M; Zagatto, Elias A G
A novel flow system for the spectrophotometric determination of dipyrone with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde exploiting the multi-pumping approach was developed. The proposed methodology utilises several micro-pumps for propelling the involved fluids under improved mixing conditions, introducing sample/reagent aliquots and providing commuting facilities. As a consequence the multi-pumping system presents high versatility and manifold simplicity, as well as a straightforward operational control and enhanced analytical capabilities. Linearity of the analytical curve was observed within 10 and 400 mg l(-1) dipyrone (r=0.9997; n=6), results were precise (r.s.d.<0.12%; n=20) and sampling rate was 50 h(-1). Detection limit was estimated as 1 mg l(-1) dipyrone. The method was applied to pharmaceutical preparations and the results were in agreement with those obtained by the reference procedure with relative deviations within -1.7 and +2.2%.
The Effect of Flowing Water on Turbine Rotor Vibrations
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Jansson, Ida
There is a lack of standardized rules on how the fluid in the turbine should be included in rotor models of hydraulic machinery. This thesis is an attempt to shed some light on this issue. We approach the problem from two viewpoints, situated at place at a hydropower plant and by mathematical analysis. One goal of the thesis is to develop a measurement system that monitors the instantaneous pressure at several locations of a runner blade on a 10 MW Kaplan prototype in Porjus along Lule river. Paper A outlines the development of the measurement system and the instrumentation of the runner blade. Miniature piezo-resistive pressure transducers were mounted flush to the surface. If instrumentation is successful, the pressure field of the runner blade could be measured simultaneously as the loads and displacements of the guide bearings and the generator. The second objective is concerned with how the motion-induced fluid force affects the dynamic behaviour of the rotor. Inertia and angular momentum of the fluid and shrouding are expected to influence the dynamic behaviour of the turbine. Paper B scrutinizes this assumption by presenting a simple fluid-rotor model that captures the effects of inertia and angular momentum of the fluid on the motion of a confined cylinder. The simplicity of the model allows for powerful analytical solution methods. The results show that fluid inertia, angular momentum and shrouding of hydraulic turbines could have substantial effects on lateral rotor vibrations. This calls for further investigation with a more complex fluid-rotor model that accounts for flexural bending modes.
Mode pattern of internal flow in a water droplet on a vibrating hydrophobic surface.
Kim, Hun; Lim, Hee-Chang
The objective of this study is to understand the mode pattern of the internal flow in a water droplet placed on a hydrophobic surface that periodically and vertically vibrates. As a result, a water droplet on a vibrating hydrophobic surface has a typical shape that depends on each resonance mode, and, additionally, we observed a diversified lobe size and internal flows in the water droplet. The size of each lobe at the resonance frequency was relatively greater than that at the neighboring frequencies, and the internal flow of the nth order mode was also observed in the flow visualization. In general, large symmetrical flow streams were generated along the vertical axis in each mode, with a large circulating movement from the bottom to the top, and then to the triple contact line along the droplet surface. In contrast, modes 2 and 4 generated a Y-shaped flow pattern, in which the flow moved to the node point in the lower part of the droplet, but modes 6 and 8 had similar patterns, with only a little difference. In addition, as a result of the PIV measurement, while the flow velocity of mode 4 was faster than that of model 2, those of modes 6 and 8 were almost similar.
Tracking molecular structure deformation of nitrobenzene and its torsion-vibration coupling by intense pumping CARS
Wang, Chang; Wu, Hong-Lin; Song, Yun-Fei; He, Xing; Yang, Yan-Qiang; Tan, Duo-Wang
The structural deformation induced by intense laser field of liquid nitrobenzene (NB) molecule, a typical molecule with restricting internal rotation, is tracked by time- and frequency-resolved coherent anti-Stokes. Raman spectroscopy (CARS) technique with an intense pump laser. The CARS spectra of liquid NB show that the NO2 torsional mode couples with the NO2 symmetric stretching mode, and the NB molecule undergoes ultrafast structural deformation with a relaxation time of 265 fs. The frequency of NO2 torsional mode in liquid NB (42 cm-1) at room temperature is found from the sum and difference combination bands involving the NO2 symmetric stretching mode and torsional mode in time- and frequency-resolved CARS spectra. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21173063 and 21203047), the Foundation of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China (Grant No. XZR2014-16), NSAF (Grant No. U1330106), and the Special Research Project of National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics (Grant No. 2012-S-07).
Stick-slip instabilities in sheared granular flow: The role of friction and acoustic vibrations.
Lieou, Charles K C; Elbanna, Ahmed E; Langer, J S; Carlson, J M
We propose a theory of shear flow in dense granular materials. A key ingredient of the theory is an effective temperature that determines how the material responds to external driving forces such as shear stresses and vibrations. We show that, within our model, friction between grains produces stick-slip behavior at intermediate shear rates, even if the material is rate strengthening at larger rates. In addition, externally generated acoustic vibrations alter the stick-slip amplitude, or suppress stick-slip altogether, depending on the pressure and shear rate. We construct a phase diagram that indicates the parameter regimes for which stick-slip occurs in the presence and absence of acoustic vibrations of a fixed amplitude and frequency. These results connect the microscopic physics to macroscopic dynamics and thus produce useful information about a variety of granular phenomena, including rupture and slip along earthquake faults, the remote triggering of instabilities, and the control of friction in material processing.
Assessment of increased sampling pump flow rates in a disposable, inhalable aerosol sampler.
Stewart, Justin; Sleeth, Darrah K; Handy, Rod G; Pahler, Leon F; Anthony, T Renee; Volckens, John
A newly designed, low-cost, disposable inhalable aerosol sampler was developed to assess workers personal exposure to inhalable particles. This sampler was originally designed to operate at 10 L/min to increase sample mass and, therefore, improve analytical detection limits for filter-based methods. Computational fluid dynamics modeling revealed that sampler performance (relative to aerosol inhalability criteria) would not differ substantially at sampler flows of 2 and 10 L/min. With this in mind, the newly designed inhalable aerosol sampler was tested in a wind tunnel, simultaneously, at flows of 2 and 10 L/min flow. A mannequin was equipped with 6 sampler/pump assemblies (three pumps operated at 2 L/min and three pumps at 10 L/min) inside a wind tunnel, operated at 0.2 m/s, which has been shown to be a typical indoor workplace wind speed. In separate tests, four different particle sizes were injected to determine if the sampler's performance with the new 10 L/min flow rate significantly differed to that at 2 L/min. A comparison between inhalable mass concentrations using a Wilcoxon signed rank test found no significant difference in the concentration of particles sampled at 10 and 2 L/min for all particle sizes tested. Our results suggest that this new aerosol sampler is a versatile tool that can improve exposure assessment capabilities for the practicing industrial hygienist by improving the limit of detection and allowing for shorting sampling times.
Counter-rotating type axial flow pump unit in turbine mode for micro grid system
Kasahara, R.; Takano, G.; Murakami, T.; Kanemoto, T.; Komaki, K.
Traditional type pumped storage system contributes to adjust the electric power unbalance between day and night, in general. This serial research proposes the hybrid power system combined the wind power unit with the pump-turbine unit, to provide the constant output for the grid system, even at the suddenly fluctuating/turbulent wind. In the pumping mode, the pump should operate unsteadily at not only the normal but also the partial discharge. The operation may be unstable in the rising portion of the head characteristics at the lower discharge, and/or bring the cavitation at the low suction head. To simultaneously overcome both weak points, the authors have proposed a superior pump unit that is composed of counter-rotating type impellers and a peculiar motor with double rotational armatures. This paper discusses the operation at the turbine mode of the above unit. It is concluded with the numerical simulations that this type unit can be also operated acceptably at the turbine mode, because the unit works so as to coincide the angular momentum change through the front runners/impellers with that thorough the rear runners/impellers, namely to take the axial flow at not only the inlet but also the outlet without the guide vanes.
Quality evaluation of energy consumed in flow regulation method by speed variation in centrifugal pumps
Morales, S.; Culman, M.; Acevedo, C.; Rey, C.
Nowadays, energy efficiency and the Electric Power Quality are two inseparable issues in the evaluation of three-phase induction motors, framed within the program of Rational and Efficient Use of Energy (RUE).The use of efficient energy saving devices has been increasing significantly in RUE programs, for example the use of variable frequency drives (VFD) in pumping systems.The overall objective of the project was to evaluate the impact on power quality and energy efficiency in a centrifugal pump driven by an induction three-phase motor, using the flow control method of speed variation by VFD. The fundamental purpose was to test the opinions continuously heard about the use of flow control methods in centrifugal pumps, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages that have been formulated deliberately in order to offer support to the industry in taking correct decisions. The VFD changes the speed of the motor-pump system increasing efficiency compared to the classical methods of regulation. However, the VFD originates conditions that degrade the quality of the electric power supplied to the system and therefore its efficiency, due to the nonlinearity and presence of harmonic currents. It was possible to analyze the power quality, ensuring that the information that comes to the industry is generally biased.
Ultrafast X-ray tomography for two-phase flow analysis in centrifugal pumps
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Schaefer, Thomas [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden (Germany). Inst. of Fluid Dynamics; Hampel, Uwe [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden (Germany). Inst. of Fluid Dynamics; Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). AREVA Endowed Chair of Imaging Techniques in Energy and Process Engineering
The unsteady behavior of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a centrifugal pump impeller has been visualized, using ultrafast X-ray tomography. Based on the reconstructed tomographic images an evaluation and detailed analysis of the flow conditions has been done. Here, the high temporal resolution of the tomographic images offered the opportunity to get a deep insight into the flow to perform a detailed description of the transient gas-liquid phase distribution inside the impeller. Significant properties of the occurring two-phase flow and characteristic flow patterns have been disclosed. Furthermore, the effects of different air entrainment conditions have been investigated and typical phase distributions inside the impeller have been shown.
Standard blood flow rates of cardiopulmonary bypass are adequate in awake on-pump cardiac surgery.
Porizka, Michal; Stritesky, Martin; Semrad, Michal; Dobias, Milos; Dohnalova, Alena; Korinek, Josef
Standard blood flow rates for cardiopulmonary bypass have been assumed to be the same for awake cardiac surgery with thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) as for general anesthesia. However, compared with general anesthesia, awake cardiac surgery with epidural anesthesia may be associated with higher oxygen consumption and may result in lactic acidosis when standard blood flow rates were used. The aim of our study was to investigate if standard blood flow rates are adequate in awake cardiac surgery. Forty-five patients undergoing elective on-pump cardiac surgery were assigned to receive either epidural (Group TEA, n=15), combined (Group TEA-GA, n=15) or general (Group GA, n=15) anesthesia. To monitor the adequacy of standard blood flow rates, arterial lactate, acid base parameters, and central venous and jugular bulb saturation were measured at six time points (before, during, and after the surgery) in all groups. Blood flow rates were adjusted when needed. No lactic acidosis has developed in any group (p=NS). TEA as compared with TEA-GA and GA groups had lower central venous (67±4%, 75±11%, and 72±13%, respectively, pflow rates adjustments in any study group and no ventilatory support in TEA group were required. Under careful monitoring, the use of standard blood flow rates is adequate for patients undergoing awake on-pump normothermic cardiac surgery. Copyright © 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Flow characteristics of the raw sewage for the design of sewage-source heat pump systems.
Xu, Ying; Wu, Yuebin; Sun, Qiang
The flow characteristics of raw sewage directly affect the technical and economic performance of sewage-source heat pump systems. The purpose of this research is to characterize the flow characteristics of sewage by experimental means. A sophisticated and flexible experimental apparatus was designed and constructed. Then the flow characteristics of the raw sewage were studied through laboratorial testing and theoretical analyses. Results indicated that raw sewage could be characterized as a power-law fluid with the rheological exponent n being 0.891 and the rheological coefficient k being 0.00175. In addition, the frictional loss factor formula in laminar flow for raw sewage was deduced by theoretical analysis of the power-law fluid. Furthermore, an explicit empirical formula for the frictional loss factor in turbulent flow was obtained through curve fitting of the experimental data. Finally, the equivalent viscosity of the raw sewage is defined in order to calculate the Reynolds number in turbulent flow regions; it was found that sewage had two to three times the viscosity of water at the same temperature. These results contributed to appropriate parameters of fluid properties when designing and operating sewage-source heat pump systems.
Non-linear system identification in flow-induced vibration
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Spanos, P.D.; Zeldin, B.A. [Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States); Lu, R. [Hudson Engineering Corp., Houston, TX (United States)
The paper introduces a method of identification of non-linear systems encountered in marine engineering applications. The non-linearity is accounted for by a combination of linear subsystems and known zero-memory non-linear transformations; an equivalent linear multi-input-single-output (MISO) system is developed for the identification problem. The unknown transfer functions of the MISO system are identified by assembling a system of linear equations in the frequency domain. This system is solved by performing the Cholesky decomposition of a related matrix. It is shown that the proposed identification method can be interpreted as a {open_quotes}Gram-Schmidt{close_quotes} type of orthogonal decomposition of the input-output quantities of the equivalent MISO system. A numerical example involving the identification of unknown parameters of flow (ocean wave) induced forces on offshore structures elucidates the applicability of the proposed method.
Experimental energy harvesting from fluid flow by using two vibrating masses
Nishi, Yoshiki; Fukuda, Kengo; Shinohara, Wataru
In this study, an experiment was performed to determine how the addition of a second degree of freedom to a vibratory system affects its energy extraction from a surrounding fluid flow. A circular cylinder was submerged underwater and subjected to flow, and another cylinder mounted on springs was inserted between the submerged cylinder and a generator. The experiment results demonstrated that vortex-induced vibration occurred at frequencies that were locked-in to the first and second natural modes for reduced velocity ranges of 5.0-9.0 and greater than 12.0, respectively. The output voltages were particularly high when the vibration frequency was locked-in to that of the second natural mode. It was found that application of energy extraction using a system with two degrees of freedom can widen the range of reduced velocity within which power extraction is effective.
Development of Non-Conservative Joints in Beam Networks for Vibration Energy Flow Analysis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jee-Hun Song
Full Text Available Our work aims to find a general solution for the vibrational energy flow through a plane network of beams on the basis of an energy flow analysis. A joint between two semi-infinite beams are modeled by three sets of springs and dashpots. Thus, the results can incorporate the case of complaint and non-conservative in all the three degrees of freedom. In the cases of finite coupled structures connected at a certain angle, the derived non-conservative joints and developed wave energy equation were applied. The joint properties, the frequency, the coupling angle, and the internal loss factor were changed to evaluate the proposed methods for predicting medium-to-high frequency vibrational energy and intensity distributions.
Mathematical Modeling of Rotary Blood Pumps in a Pulsatile In Vitro Flow Environment.
Pirbodaghi, Tohid
Nowadays, sacrificing animals to develop medical devices and receive regulatory approval has become more common, which increases ethical concerns. Although in vivo tests are necessary for development and evaluation of new devices, nonetheless, with appropriate in vitro setups and mathematical models, a part of the validation process can be performed using these models to reduce the number of sacrificed animals. The main aim of this study is to present a mathematical model simulating the hydrodynamic function of a rotary blood pump (RBP) in a pulsatile in vitro flow environment. This model relates the pressure head of the RBP to the flow rate, rotational speed, and time derivatives of flow rate and rotational speed. To identify the model parameters, an in vitro setup was constructed consisting of a piston pump, a compliance chamber, a throttle, a buffer reservoir, and the CentriMag RBP. A 40% glycerin-water mixture as a blood analog fluid and deionized water were used in the hydraulic circuit to investigate the effect of viscosity and density of the working fluid on the model parameters. First, model variables were physically measured and digitally acquired. Second, an identification algorithm based on regression analysis was used to derive the model parameters. Third, the completed model was validated with a totally different set of in vitro data. The model is usable for both mathematical simulations of the interaction between the pump and heart and indirect pressure measurement in a clinical context. © 2017 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Viscosity-adjusted estimation of pressure head and pump flow with quasi-pulsatile modulation of rotary blood pump for a total artificial heart.
Yurimoto, Terumi; Hara, Shintaro; Isoyama, Takashi; Saito, Itsuro; Ono, Toshiya; Abe, Yusuke
Estimation of pressure and flow has been an important subject for developing implantable artificial hearts. To realize real-time viscosity-adjusted estimation of pressure head and pump flow for a total artificial heart, we propose the table estimation method with quasi-pulsatile modulation of rotary blood pump in which systolic high flow and diastolic low flow phased are generated. The table estimation method utilizes three kinds of tables: viscosity, pressure and flow tables. Viscosity is estimated from the characteristic that differential value in motor speed between systolic and diastolic phases varies depending on viscosity. Potential of this estimation method was investigated using mock circulation system. Glycerin solution diluted with salty water was used to adjust viscosity of fluid. In verification of this method using continuous flow data, fairly good estimation could be possible when differential pulse width modulation (PWM) value of the motor between systolic and diastolic phases was high. In estimation under quasi-pulsatile condition, inertia correction was provided and fairly good estimation was possible when the differential PWM value was high, which was not different from the verification results using continuous flow data. In the experiment of real-time estimation applying moving average method to the estimated viscosity, fair estimation could be possible when the differential PWM value was high, showing that real-time viscosity-adjusted estimation of pressure head and pump flow would be possible with this novel estimation method when the differential PWM value would be set high.
Analysis of mechanical vibrations in large vertical pumps: two cases of natural frequency excitations; Analisis de vibraciones mecanicas en grandes bombas verticales: dos casos de excitacion de frecuencias naturales
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ercoli, L.; La Malfa, S. [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Bahia Blanca (Argentina). Inst. de Mecanica Aplicada]|[Universidad Tecnologica Nacional (Argentina). Grupo Analisis de Sistemas Mecanicos
This study presents experimental dynamic analysis of two big vertical pumps induced to vibrate due to the excitation of natural frequencies of the structural systems: pump-mounting. It is demonstrated that a proper diagnostic of the working condition avoids unecessary and time-consuming equipment stops, with the consequent saving in the production costs. (author)
CFD simulation of flow-induced vibration of an elastically supported airfoil
Šidlof Petr
Flow-induced vibration of lifting or control surfaces in aircraft may lead to catastrophic consequences. Under certain circumstances, the interaction between the airflow and the elastic structure may lead to instability with energy transferred from the airflow to the structure and with exponentially increasing amplitudes of the structure. In the current work, a CFD simulation of an elastically supported NACA0015 airfoil with two degrees of freedom (pitch and plunge) coupled with 2D incompress...
Parameter estimation and actuator characteristics of hybrid magnetic bearings for axial flow blood pump applications.
Lim, Tau Meng; Cheng, Shanbao; Chua, Leok Poh
Axial flow blood pumps are generally smaller as compared to centrifugal pumps. This is very beneficial because they can provide better anatomical fit in the chest cavity, as well as lower the risk of infection. This article discusses the design, levitated responses, and parameter estimation of the dynamic characteristics of a compact hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB) system for axial flow blood pump applications. The rotor/impeller of the pump is driven by a three-phase permanent magnet brushless and sensorless motor. It is levitated by two HMBs at both ends in five degree of freedom with proportional-integral-derivative controllers, among which four radial directions are actively controlled and one axial direction is passively controlled. The frequency domain parameter estimation technique with statistical analysis is adopted to validate the stiffness and damping coefficients of the HMB system. A specially designed test rig facilitated the estimation of the bearing's coefficients in air-in both the radial and axial directions. Experimental estimation showed that the dynamic characteristics of the HMB system are dominated by the frequency-dependent stiffness coefficients. By injecting a multifrequency excitation force signal onto the rotor through the HMBs, it is noticed in the experimental results the maximum displacement linear operating range is 20% of the static eccentricity with respect to the rotor and stator gap clearance. The actuator gain was also successfully calibrated and may potentially extend the parameter estimation technique developed in the study of identification and monitoring of the pump's dynamic properties under normal operating conditions with fluid.
Study on solid-liquid two-phase unsteady flow characteristics with different flow rates in screw centrifugal pump
Li, R. N.; Y Wang, H.; Han, W.; Ma, W.; Shen, Z. J.
The screw centrifugal pump is used as an object, and the unsteady numerical simulation of solid-liquid two-phase flow is carried out under different flow rate conditions in one circle by choosing the two-phase flow of sand and water as medium, using the software FLUENT based on the URANS equations, combining with sliding mesh method, and choosing the Mixture multiphase flow model and the SIMPLE algorithm. The results show that, with the flow rate increasing, the change trends for the pressure on volute outlet are almost constant, the fluctuation trends of the impeller axial force have a little change, the pressure and the axial force turn to decrease on the whole, the radial force gradually increases when the impeller maximum radius passes by half a cycle near the volute outlet, and the radial force gradually decreases when the maximum radius passes by the other half a cycle in a rotation cycle. The distributions of the solid particles are very uneven under a small flow rate condition on the face. The solid particles under a big flow rate condition are distributed more evenly than the ones under a small flow rate condition on the back. The theoretical basis and reference are provided for improving its working performance.
Reducing cross-flow vibrations of underflow gates: experiments and numerical studies
Erdbrink, C D; Sloot, P M A
An experimental study is combined with numerical modelling to investigate new ways to reduce cross-flow vibrations of hydraulic gates with underflow. A rectangular gate section placed in a flume was given freedom to vibrate in the vertical direction. Holes in the gate bottom enabled leakage flow through the gate to enter the area directly under the gate which is known to play a key role in most excitation mechanisms. For submerged discharge conditions with small gate openings the vertical dynamic support force was measured in the reduced velocity range 1.5 < Vr < 10.5 for a gate with and without holes. The leakage flow through the holes significantly reduced vibrations. This attenuation was most profound in the high stiffness region at 2 < Vr < 3.5. Two-dimensional numerical simulations were performed with the Finite Element Method to assess local velocities and pressures for both gate types. A moving mesh covering both solid and fluid domain allowed free gate movement and two-way fluid-structure ...
Application of modified k-ω model to predicting cavitating flow in centrifugal pump
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Hou-lin LIU
Full Text Available Considering the compressibility of the cavity in the cavitating flow, this paper presents a modified k-ω model for predicting the cavitating flow in a centrifugal pump, in which the modified k-ω model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model were combined with ANSYS CFX. To evaluate the modified and standard k-ω models, numerical simulations were performed with these two models, respectively, and the calculation results were compared with the experimental data. Numerical simulations were executed with three different values of the flow coefficient, and the simulation results of the modified k-ω model showed agreement with most of the experimental data. The cavitating flow in the centrifugal pump obtained by the modified k-ω model at the design flow coefficient of 0.102, was analyzed. When the cavitation number decreases, the cavity initially generates on the suction side of the blade near the leading edge and then expands to the outlet of the impeller, and the decrease of the total pressure coefficient mainly occurs upstream of the impeller passage, while the downstream remains almost unaffected by the development of cavitation.
Three-dimensional flow observation on the air entrainment into a vertical-wet-pit pump
Hirata, K.; Maeda, T.; Nagura, T.; Inoue, T.
The authors consider the air entrainment into a suction pipe which is vertically inserted down into a suction sump across a mean free-water surface. This configuration is often referred to as the "vertical wet-pit pump," and has many practical advantages in construction, maintenance and operation. Most of the flows appearing in various industrial and environmental problems like the present suction- sump flow become often complicated owing to both of their unsteadiness with poor periodicity and their fully-three-dimensionality. In order to understand the complicated flow inside a suction sump in the vertical-wet-pit-pump configuration, the authors experimentally observe the flow using the three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D-PTV) technique, which includes more unknown factors in accuracy and reliability than other established measuring techniques. So, the authors examine the simultaneous measurement by the 3D-PTV with another velocimetry the ultrasonic velocity profiler. As a result, under the suitable condition with high accuracy, the authors have revealed the complicated flow.
Investigation of Heat Transfer and Magnetohydrodynamic Flow in Electroslag Remelting Furnace Using Vibrating Electrode
Wang, Fang; Wang, Qiang; Lou, Yanchun; Chen, Rui; Song, Zhaowei; Li, Baokuan
A transient three-dimensional (3D) coupled mathematical model has been developed to understand the effect of a vibrating electrode on the electromagnetic, two-phase flow and temperature fields as well as the solidification in the electroslag remelting (ESR) process. With the magnetohydrodynamic model, the Joule heating and Lorentz force, which are the source terms in the energy and momentum equations, are recalculated at each iteration as a function of the phase distribution. The influence of the vibrating electrode on the formation of the metal droplet is demonstrated by the volume of fluid approach. Additionally, the solidification of the metal is modeled by an enthalpy-based technique, in which the mushy zone is treated as a porous medium with porosity equal to the liquid fraction. The present work is the first attempt to investigate the innovative technology of the ESR process with a vibrating electrode by a transient 3D comprehensive model. A reasonable agreement between the experiment and simulation is obtained. The results indicate that the whole process is presented as a periodic activity. When the metal droplets fall from the tip of the electrode, the horizontal component of velocity will generate electrode vibration. This will lead to the distribution variation of the flow field in the slag layer. The variation of temperature distribution occurs regularly and is periodically accompanied by the behavior of the falling metal droplets. With the decreasing vibrating frequency and amplitude, the relative velocity of the electrode and molten slag increase accordingly. The diameter of the molten droplets, the maximum temperature and the depth of the molten pool gradually become smaller, lower and shallower.
Operation control of fluids pumping in curved pipes during annular flow: a numerical evaluation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
T Andrade
Full Text Available To generate projects which provide significant volume recovery from heavy oils reservoirs and improve existing projects, is important to develop new production and transport technologies, especially in the scenario of offshore fields. The core-flow technique is one of new technologies used in heavy oil transportation. This core-flow pattern is characterized by a water pellicle that is formed close or adjacent to the inner wall of the pipe, functioning as a lubricant. The oil flows in the center of the pipe causing a reduction in longitudinal pressure drop. In this sense, this work presents a numerical study of heavy oil annular flow (core-flow assisted by computational tool ANSYS CFX® Release 12.0. It was used a three-dimensional, transient and isothermal mathematical model considered by the mixture and turbulence - models to address the water-heavy oil two-phase flow, assuming laminar flow for oil phase and turbulent flow for water phase. Results of the pressure, velocity and volume fraction distributions of the phases and the pressure drop for different operation conditions are presented and evaluated. It was observed that the oil core flowing eccentrically in the pipe and stops of the water flux considerably increases the pressure drop in the pipe after the restart of the pump.
Pump-turbines with constant flow direction; Pumpenturbinen mit gleicher Durchstroemrichtung
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mollenkopf, G. [Zentrale Forschung Engineering, KSB AG, Frankenthal (Germany)
This research project was sponsored by the federal ministry of science and technology BMFT (product owner: New Materials and Chemical Technologies - NMT). Its aim was to develop a novel unit that can work both as a pump and a turbine with a constant flow direction through internal blade adjustment. This specifically high-speed pump-turbine is suited for plants where a liquid in one case needs to be hauled against a rising pressure and where, in another case, there is a pressure drop in the same direction. So far, either a separate pump and turbine each are used which are temporarily stopped, involving corresponding effort, or - almost as a rule - the turbine is dispensed with, so that the energy locked up in the pressure drop goes unused. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Zielsetzung unseres Forschungsvorhabens, das vom BMFT (Produkttraeger: Neue Materialien und Chemische Technologien - NMT) gefoerdert wird, war die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Aggregats, das durch interne Schaufelverstellung in der Lage ist, sowohl als Pumpe als auch als Turbine mit gleichbleibender Durchstroemrichtung zu arbeiten. Diese spezifisch schnellaeufige Pumpturbine kommt fuer Anlagen in Frage, in denen eine Fluessigkeit im einen Fall gegen einen anstehenden Druck gefoerdert werden muss und im anderen Fall in gleicher Richtung ein Druckgefaelle zur Verfuegung steht. Entweder werden bisher getrennt aufgestellte Pumpen und Turbinen mit zeitweisem Stillstand und entsprechendem Aufwand eingesetzt oder es wird - fast in der Regel - auf die Turbine und damit auf die im Druckgefaelle enthaltene Energie verzichtet. (orig.)
PIV Investigations of the Flow Field in the Volute of a Rotary Blood Pump
Sankovic, John M.; Kadambi, Jaikrishnan R.; Smith, William A.; Wernet, Mark P.
A full-size acrylic model of a rotary blood pump was developed in order to utilize Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to make measurements of the fluid velocities and turbulent stresses throughout the device. The development of an understanding of the hemodynamics within the blood pump is critical to the development and validation of computational models. A blood analog solution, consisting of sodium iodide solution and glycerin, was developed to match physiological kinematic viscosity. The refractive indices of the fluid, the pump casing, and the impeller were matched to facilitate the use of PIV to make velocity measurements. Velocity measurements made in the volute exit/diffuser region are presented for pumps speeds of 3000-3850 rpm. At each speed data were obtained at a physiological pressure of 12 kPa and at a maximum flow condition. Four hundred data pairs were used for each resultant mean velocity vector value, representing greater than an order of magnitude more data pairs than reported previously in the literature on similar devices and resulting in velocity uncertainty levels of approximately 22.9%.
Vortex-induced vibrations of a cylinder in planar shear flow
Gsell, Simon; Bourguet, Remi; Braza, Marianna
Vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of bluff bodies are common in nature and in engineering applications where flexible or flexibly mounted structures are exposed to wind and ocean currents. VIV have been thoroughly studied through the canonical problem of an elastically mounted, rigid cylinder immersed in uniform flow. However, in the real physical systems where VIV develop, the oncoming flows are usually non-uniform. The present work investigates the impact of a shear of the oncoming current in the cross-flow direction. As a first preliminary step, focus is placed on the fixed cylinder case; the analysis is based on a series of numerical simulations over a wide range of shear rates, at Reynolds number 100. It is found that the shear leads to the cancellation of wake unsteadiness beyond a critical value of the shear rate. Once the rigid cylinder is elastically mounted, free vibrations arise over the entire range of shear rates under study, including beyond the above mentioned critical value. Different flow-structure interaction regimes are uncovered. Some of them exhibit a major deviation from the uniform-flow case, with a profound reconfiguration of the wake patterns and a dramatic amplification of the structural response amplitudes.
Research on wall shear stress considering wall roughness when shear swirling flow vibration cementing
Cui, Zhihua; Ai, Chi; Feng, Fuping
When shear swirling flow vibration cementing, the casing is revolving periodically and eccentrically, which leads to the annulus fluid in turbulent swirling flow state. The wall shear stress is more than that in laminar flow field when conventional cementing. The paper mainly studied the wall shear stress distribution on the borehole wall when shear swirling flow vibration cementing based on the finite volume method. At the same time, the wall roughness affected and changed the turbulent flow near the borehole wall and the wall shear stress. Based on the wall function method, the paper established boundary conditions considering the wall roughness and derived the formula of the wall shear stress. The results showed that the wall roughness significantly increases the wall shear stress. However, the larger the wall roughness, the greater the thickness of mud cake, which weakening the cementing strength. Considering the effects in a comprehensive way, it is discovered that the particle size of solid phase in drilling fluid is about 0.1 mm to get better cementing quality.
Investigations of turbulent flows in a tubular pump and structural stresses of its impeller
Tang, X. L.; Jia, Y. X.; Wang, F. J.; Zhou, D. Q.; Xiao, R. F.; Yang, W.; Wu, Y. L.
Based on Navier-Stokes equations and RNG k-epsilon turbulence model, numerical simulation was carried out to investigate turbulent flows in tubular pumps and structural stresses of its impeller using commercial software of ANSYS Workbench. Firstly, the calculated velocity and pressure distributions in tubular pumps show that the whole flow pattern is uniform except for that in the region in the front of the pier in the discharge passage. The predicted spiral streamlines in the front of the discharge passage indicate that there exists an unrecovered velocity circulation. The computed reasonable distributions of the static pressure show the minimum happens at inlet edges on the suction surfaces of the blades which probably causes cavitations. One-way fluid-structure interaction method was then employed to make a further static structural analysis of the impeller, and the predicted stresses and deformations of the blades show that the maximal equivalent stress exists in the joint between the blades and the hub on pressure surfaces of the impeller, the maximum of total deformations of the blades increases as the radius increases. The maximal exists near the impeller rim at the inlet and outlet edges. The calculated results will provide references for further design and research of tubular pumps.
Experimental study of R134a/R410A cascade cycle for variable refrigerant flow heat pump systems
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kim, Jeong Hun; Lee, Jae Wan; Park, Warn Gyu [Pusan National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Choi, Hwan Jong; Lee, Sang Hun; Oh, Sai Kee [LG Electronics, Changwon (Korea, Republic of)
Cascade cycle is widely applied to heat pumps operating at low ambient temperature to overcome problems such as low heating capacity and Coefficient of performance (COP) deterioration A number of researches have been conducted on cascade cycle heat pumps, but most of those studies were focused on system optimization to determine optimal intermediate temperature in air-to-water heat pumps. However, experimental optimization in regard to air and water heating simultaneously using a cascade cycle has been an understudied area. Therefore, we focused on experimental analysis for a cascade system with Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) heat pumps. Experiments were conducted under a variety of operating conditions, such as ambient and water inlet temperature. COP increased up to 16% when water inlet temperature decreased. COP of VRF heat pumps with cascade cycle is three-times higher compared with conventional boilers as well as 17% higher compared to single heat pumps.
Initial hydrodynamic study on a new intraaortic axial flow pump: Dynamic aortic valve.
Li, G; Zhao, H; Hu, S; Zhu, X; Wu, Q; Ren, B; Ma, W
Rotary blood pumps have been researched as implantable ventricular assist devices for years. To further reduce the complex of implanted axial pumps, the authors proposed a new concept of intraaortic axial pump, termed previously as "dynamic aortic valve (DAV)". Instead of being driven by an intraaortic micro-electric motor, it was powered by a magnetic field from outside of body. To ensure the perfusion of coronary artery, the axial flow pump is to be implanted in the position of aortic valve. It could serve as either a blood pump or a mechanical valve depending on the power input. This research tested the feasibility of the new concept in model study. A column, made from permanent magnet, is jointed to an impeller in a concentric way to form a "rotor-impeller". Supported by a hanging shaft cantilevered in the center of a rigid cage, the rotor-impeller can be turned by the magnetic field in the surrounding space. In the present prototype, the rotor is 8 mm in diameter and 15 mm in length, the impeller has 3 vanes with an outer diameter of 18 mm. The supporting cage is 22 mm in outer diameter and 20 mm in length. When tested, the DAV prototype is inserted into the tube of a mock circuit. The alternative magnetic field is produced by a rotating magnet placed side by side with the rotor-impeller at a distance of 30 mm. Once the alternative magnetic field is presented in the surrounding space, the DAV starts to turn, leading to a pressure difference and liquid flow in the tube. The flow rate or pressure difference is proportioned to rotary speed. At the maximal output of hydraulic power, the flow rate reached 5 L/min against an afterload of 100 mmHg. The maximal pressure difference generated by DAV at a rotation rate of 12600 r/min was 147 mmHg. The preliminary results demonstrated the feasibility of "DAV", further research on this concept is justifiable.
Numerical Investigations of Unsteady Flow in a Centrifugal Pump with a Vaned Diffuser
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Olivier Petit
Full Text Available Computational fluid dynamics (CFD analyses were made to study the unsteady three-dimensional turbulence in the ERCOFTAC centrifugal pump test case. The simulations were carried out using the OpenFOAM Open Source CFD software. The test case consists of an unshrouded centrifugal impeller with seven blades and a radial vaned diffuser with 12 vanes. A large number of measurements are available in the radial gap between the impeller and the diffuse, making this case ideal for validating numerical methods. Results of steady and unsteady calculations of the flow in the pump are compared with the experimental ones, and four different turbulent models are analyzed. The steady simulation uses the frozen rotor concept, while the unsteady simulation uses a fully resolved sliding grid approach. The comparisons show that the unsteady numerical results accurately predict the unsteadiness of the flow, demonstrating the validity and applicability of that methodology for unsteady incompressible turbomachinery flow computations. The steady approach is less accurate, with an unphysical advection of the impeller wakes, but accurate enough for a crude approximation. The different turbulence models predict the flow at the same level of accuracy, with slightly different results.
Analytical expressions for optimum flow rates in evaporators and condensers of heat pumping systems
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Granryd, E. [Dept. of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm (Sweden)
The flow velocities on the air or liquid side of evaporators and condensers in refrigerating or heat pump systems affect the system performance considerably. Furthermore the velocity can often be chosen rather freely without obvious first cost implications. The purpose of the paper is to show analytical relations indicating possible optimum operating conditions. Considering a base case where the design data are known, simple analytical relations are deduced for optimum flow rates that will result in highest overall COP of the system when energy demand for the compressor as well as pumps or fans are included. This optimum is equivalent to the solution for minimum total energy demand of the system for a given cooling load. It is also shown that a different (and higher) flow rate will result in maximum net cooling capacity for a refrigerating system with fixed compressor speed. The expressions can be used for design purposes as well as for checking suitable flow velocities in existing plants. The relations may also be incorporated in algorithms for optimal operation of systems with variable speed compressors. (author)
Comprehensive Numerical Investigations of Unsteady Internal Flows and Cavitation Characteristics in Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Xuelin Tang
Full Text Available The RNG k-ε turbulence model combined with cavitation model was used to simulate unsteady cavitating flows inside a double-suction centrifugal pump under different flow rate conditions based on hexahedral structured grid. The numerical external characteristic performances agree well with the experimental performances. The predicted results show that the turbulence kinetic energy and the turbulence dissipation rate inside the impeller at design flow rate are lower than those at other off-design flow rates, which are caused by various vortexes. Based on frequency-domain analyses in the volute casing, the blade passing frequency is the dominant one of the pressure fluctuations except the vicinity of volute tongue for all operating cases, and the dominant frequency near the volute tongue ranges from 0 to 0.5 times the blade passing frequency for other off-design points, while the blade passing one near the volute tongue is the dominant one of the pressure fluctuations at design point. The increase of flow rate reduces the pressure fluctuations amplitude. For cavitation cases, the blade loading of the middle streamline increases a bit during the initial stage, but, for serious cavitation, the blade loading near the blade inlet reduces to 0 and even negative values, and the serious cavitation bubbles block the blade channels, which results in a sharp drop in pump head. Under noncavitation condition, the predicted power related to the pressure in the impeller channels increases from the inlet to the exit, while, under different cavitation conditions at the design flow rate, these power-transformation distributions in the impeller channels show that these power conversions are affected by the available NPSHa and the corresponding work in leading regions of the blades increases increases gradually a bit, and then it increases sharply in the middle regions, but it decreases in the blade trailing regions and is greatly influenced by secondary flows.
A significant effect on flow analysis & simulation study of improve design hydraulic pump
Harith, M. N.; Bakar, R. A.; Ramasamy, D.; Quanjin, Ma
Hydraulic ram pump is device that can lift water to the higher position without use of external energy. Several ways have been tested to decrease the water waste rate to maximize efficiency. The purpose of this research work is to develop a new design of hydraulic pump and conduct simulation study to justify improvement of the design. Major addition on making threaded waste valve system in order to control the opening and closing of the valve. At the same time reduce time taken for creating enough momentum and hammering effect. The results revealed that with the advancement of the proposed well improve designs, the water losses at waste valve reducing about 20-30% compare to existing design across the mass flow rate of 0.10 kg/s.The min/max velocity and pressure along the pipeline also has been increase for both open and closed condition.
Transformation of ground vibration signal for debris-flow monitoring and detection in alarm systems.
Abancó, Clàudia; Hürlimann, Marcel; Fritschi, Bruno; Graf, Christoph; Moya, José
Debris flows are fast mass movements formed by a mix of water and solid materials, which occur in steep torrents, and are a source of high risks for human settlements. Geophones are widely used to detect the ground vibration induced by passing debris flows. However, the recording of geophone signals usually requires storing a huge amount of data, which leads to problems in storage capacity and power consumption. This paper presents a method to transform and simplify the signals measured by geophones. The key input parameter is the ground velocity threshold, which removes the seismic noise that is not related to debris flows. A signal conditioner was developed to implement the transformation and the ground velocity threshold was set by electrical resistors. The signal conditioner was installed at various European monitoring sites to test the method. Results show that data amount and power consumption can be greatly reduced without losing much information on the main features of the debris flows. However, the outcome stresses the importance of choosing a ground vibration threshold, which must be accurately calibrated. The transformation is also suitable to detect other rapid mass movements and to distinguish among different processes, which points to a possible implementation in alarm systems.
Pulsatile flow of blood and heat transfer with variable viscosity under magnetic and vibration environment
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shit, G.C., E-mail: email@example.com; Majee, Sreeparna
Unsteady flow of blood and heat transfer characteristics in the neighborhood of an overlapping constricted artery have been investigated in the presence of magnetic field and whole body vibration. The laminar flow of blood is taken to be incompressible and Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity depending upon temperature with an aim to provide resemblance to the real situation in the physiological system. The unsteady flow mechanism in the constricted artery is subjected to a pulsatile pressure gradient arising from systematic functioning of the heart and from the periodic body acceleration. The numerical computation has been performed using finite difference method by developing Crank–Nicolson scheme. The results show that the volumetric flow rate, skin-friction and the rate of heat transfer at the wall are significantly altered in the downstream of the constricted region. The axial velocity profile, temperature and flow rate increases with increase in temperature dependent viscosity, while the opposite trend is observed in the case of skin-friction and flow impedance. - Highlights: • We have investigated the pulsatile MHD flow of blood and heat transfer in arteries. • The influence of periodic body acceleration has been taken into account. • The temperature dependent viscosity of blood is considered. • The variable viscosity has an increasing effect on blood flow and heat transfer. • The overall temperature distribution enhances in the presence of magnetic field.
Assessment of turbulence models for pulsatile flow inside a heart pump.
Al-Azawy, Mohammed G; Turan, A; Revell, A
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to study the unsteady flow inside a pulsatile pump left ventricular assist device, in order to assess the sensitivity to a range of commonly used turbulence models. Levels of strain and wall shear stress are directly relevant to the evaluation of risk from haemolysis and thrombosis, and thus understanding the sensitivity to these turbulence models is important in the assessment of uncertainty in CFD predictions. The study focuses on a positive displacement or pulsatile pump, and the CFD model includes valves and moving pusher plate. An unstructured dynamic layering method was employed to capture this cyclic motion, and valves were simulated in their fully open position to mimic the natural scenario, with in/outflow triggered at control planes away from the valves. Six turbulence models have been used, comprising three relevant to the low Reynolds number nature of this flow and three more intended to investigate different transport effects. In the first group, we consider the shear stress transport (SST) [Formula: see text] model in both its standard and transition-sensitive forms, and the 'laminar' model in which no turbulence model is used. In the second group, we compare the one equation Spalart-Almaras model, the standard two equation [Formula: see text] and the full Reynolds stress model (RSM). Following evaluation of spatial and temporal resolution requirements, results are compared with available experimental data. The model was operated at a systolic duration of 40% of the pumping cycle and a pumping rate of 86 BPM (beats per minute). Contrary to reasonable preconception, the 'transition' model, calibrated to incorporate additional physical modelling specifically for these flow conditions, was not noticeably superior to the standard form of the model. Indeed, observations of turbulent viscosity ratio reveal that the transition model initiates a premature increase of turbulence in this flow, when compared with
Suppression of the secondary flow in a suction channel of a large centrifugal pump
Torii, D.; Nagahara, T.; Okihara, T.
The suction channel configuration of a large centrifugal pump with a 90-degree bend was studied in detail to suppress the secondary flow at the impeller inlet for improving suction performance. Design of experiments (DOE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used to evaluate the sensitivity of several primary design parameters of the suction channel. A DOE is a powerful tool to clarify the sensitivity of objective functions to design parameters with a minimum of trials. An L9 orthogonal array was adopted in this study and nine suction channels were designed, through which the flow was predicted by steady state calculation. The results indicate that a smaller bend radius with a longer straight nozzle, distributed between the bend and the impeller, suppresses the secondary flow at the impeller inlet. An optimum ratio of the cross sectional areas at the bend inlet and outlet was also confirmed in relationship to the contraction rate of the downstream straight nozzle. These findings were obtained by CFD and verified by experiments. The results will aid the design of large centrifugal pumps with better suction performance and higher reliability.
Power flow control based solely on slow feedback loop for heart pump applications.
Wang, Bob; Hu, Aiguo Patrick; Budgett, David
This paper proposes a new control method for regulating power flow via transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) for implantable heart pumps. Previous work on power flow controller requires a fast feedback loop that needs additional switching devices and resonant capacitors to be added to the primary converter. The proposed power flow controller eliminates these additional components, and it relies solely on a slow feedback loop to directly drive the primary converter to meet the heart pump power demand and ensure zero voltage switching. A controlled change in switching frequency varies the resonant tank shorting period of a current-fed push-pull resonant converter, thus changing the magnitude of the primary resonant voltage, as well as the tuning between primary and secondary resonant tanks. The proposed controller has been implemented successfully using an analogue circuit and has reached an end-to-end power efficiency of 79.6% at 10 W with a switching frequency regulation range of 149.3 kHz to 182.2 kHz.
Flow rate, syringe size and architecture are critical to start-up performance of syringe pumps.
Neff, S B; Neff, T A; Gerber, S; Weiss, M M
Significant start-up delays are inherent to syringe infusion pumps, particularly at low infusion rates, as routinely used in children's anaesthesia and intensive care. Such delays are mainly the result of engagement of gears in the mechanical drive or compliance of the syringe assembly. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of flow rate, syringe size and syringe architecture on fluid delivery during infusion start-up. Elapsed time from infusion start to achievement of steady-state flow was gravimetrically determined for various infusion rates (0.1, 0.5, 1 mL h-1), different syringe sizes (10-, 20-, 30-, 50-mL) and syringes of two different brands (BD and Codan). Four measurements for each condition were performed with two identical Alaris Asena GH syringe infusion pumps (total of eight experiments). Statistical analysis was done by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post-test; P brand in comparison with the Codan syringes (P < 0.01). Highest possible flow rate, smaller sized syringes and syringe plungers with reduced compressibility should be preferred in order to avoid significant start-up delays in fluid delivery.
Pressure Pulsation Characteristics of a Model Pump-turbine Operating in the S-shaped Region: CFD Simulations
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Xia, Linsheng; Cheng, Yongguang; Cai, Fang
... vibration with an increased risk of mechanical failure. CFD simulations were carried out to analyze the impacts of flow evolution on the pressure pulsations in the S-shaped region of a model pump-turbine...
Accelerated Vibration Test of coolant channel components under simulated flow induced excitation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Meher, K.K., E-mail: email@example.com; Pandey, J.K., E-mail: email@example.com; RamaRao, A., E-mail: email@example.com
Highlights: • The present study deals with the issue of loosening of the nut in the Grayloc joint due to flow induced vibration and fret in the feeder pipes in contact due to differential creep in the neighbouring channels. • Accelerated test has been done on the Grayloc joint on simulated flow induced vibration to study the effect of loosening of the nut. • In the present accelerated test, the component has not been led to failure (loosening) and an estimation of its service life has been approached based on the severity of test. • The inverse square law approach based on PSD comparison for severity of test have been used to correlate the actual operational hours and the Laboratory test hours to verify the loosening of the Grayloc nut for the present study. • By inverse power law approach, the minimum number of reactor-hours equivalent to 80 h of testing is 46,080 h (5.26 full power years). - Abstract: The present study outlines the accelerated testing procedure of a Grayloc joint assembly for possible loosening of its nut due to flow induced vibration. The concern of the Grayloc nut getting loosened in the absence of a lock nut due to flow induced vibration and the resulting fretting in the feeder pipes in contact due to differential creep in the neighbouring channels has been addressed here. The severity of the test was decided based on actual site measurement under different operating flow conditions and comparison of power spectral density (PSD). The laboratory test results were extrapolated for estimation of life of the component under operating condition using inverse power law approach. The uniqueness of the accelerated test is that the component under test has not been led to failure for assessing its operating life unlike conventional accelerated testing. From the tests and analysis, it was deduced that 80 h of accelerated laboratory testing was equivalent to 5.26 full power years (46,080 h) of the reactor operating life. The test duration was
Effect of pulse pressure on borehole stability during shear swirling flow vibration cementing
The shear swirling flow vibration cementing (SSFVC) technique rotates the downhole eccentric cascade by circulating cementing fluid. It makes the casing eccentrically revolve at high speed around the borehole axis. It produces strong agitation action to the annulus fluid, makes it in the state of shear turbulent flow, and results in the formation of pulse pressure which affects the surrounding rock stress. This study was focused on 1) the calculation of the pulse pressure in an annular turbulent flow field based on the finite volume method, and 2) the analysis of the effect of pulse pressure on borehole stability. On the upside, the pulse pressure is conducive to enhancing the liquidity of the annulus fluid, reducing the fluid gel strength, and preventing the formation of fluid from channeling. But greater pulse pressure may cause lost circulation and even formation fracturing. Therefore, in order to ensure smooth cementing during SSFVC, the effect of pulse pressure should be considered when cementing design. PMID:29145408
Effect of pulse pressure on borehole stability during shear swirling flow vibration cementing.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhihua Cui
Full Text Available The shear swirling flow vibration cementing (SSFVC technique rotates the downhole eccentric cascade by circulating cementing fluid. It makes the casing eccentrically revolve at high speed around the borehole axis. It produces strong agitation action to the annulus fluid, makes it in the state of shear turbulent flow, and results in the formation of pulse pressure which affects the surrounding rock stress. This study was focused on 1 the calculation of the pulse pressure in an annular turbulent flow field based on the finite volume method, and 2 the analysis of the effect of pulse pressure on borehole stability. On the upside, the pulse pressure is conducive to enhancing the liquidity of the annulus fluid, reducing the fluid gel strength, and preventing the formation of fluid from channeling. But greater pulse pressure may cause lost circulation and even formation fracturing. Therefore, in order to ensure smooth cementing during SSFVC, the effect of pulse pressure should be considered when cementing design.
Research on Three-Dimensional Unsteady Turbulent Flow in Multistage Centrifugal Pump and Performance Prediction Based on CFD
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zhi-jian Wang
Full Text Available The three-dimensional flow physical model of any stage of the 20BZ4 multistage centrifugal pump is built which includes inlet region, impeller flow region, guide-vane flow region and exit region. The three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow numerical model is created based on Navier-Stoke solver and standard k-ε turbulent equations. The method of multireference frame (MRF and SIMPLE algorithm are used to simulate the flow in multistage centrifugal pump based on FLUENT software. The distributions of relative velocity, absolute velocity, static pressure, and total pressure in guide vanes and impellers under design condition are analyzed. The simulation results show that the flow in impeller is mostly uniform, without eddy, backflow, and separation flow, and jet-wake phenomenon appears only along individual blades. There is secondary flow at blade end and exit of guide vane. Due to the different blade numbers of guide vane and impeller, the total pressure distribution is asymmetric. This paper also simulates the flow under different working conditions to predict the hydraulic performances of centrifugal pump and external characteristics including flow-lift, flow-shaft power, and flow-efficiency are attained. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results, and because of the mechanical losses and volume loss ignored, there is a little difference between them.
A Review of Experiments and Modeling of Gas-Liquid Flow in Electrical Submersible Pumps
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jianjun Zhu
Full Text Available As the second most widely used artificial lift method in petroleum production (and first in produced amount, electrical submersible pump (ESP maintains or increases flow rate by converting kinetic energy to hydraulic pressure of hydrocarbon fluids. To facilitate its optimal working conditions, an ESP has to be operated within a narrow application window. Issues like gas involvement, changing production rate and high oil viscosity, greatly impede ESP boosting pressure. Previous experimental studies showed that the presence of gas would cause ESP hydraulic head degradation. The flow behaviors inside ESPs under gassy conditions, such as pressure surging and gas pockets, further deteriorate ESP pressure boosting ability. Therefore, it is important to know what parameters govern the gas-liquid flow structure inside a rotating ESP and how it can be modeled. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the key factors that affect ESP performance under gassy flow conditions. Furthermore, the empirical and mechanistic models for predicting ESP pressure increment are discussed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD-based modeling approach for studying the multiphase flow in a rotating ESP is explained as well. The closure relationships that are critical to both mechanistic and numerical models are reviewed, which are helpful for further development of more accurate models for predicting ESP gas-liquid flow behaviors.
Global design optimization for an axial-flow tandem pump based on surrogate method
Li, D. H.; Zhao, Y.; Y Wang, G.
Tandem pump, compared with multistage pump, goes without guide vanes between impellers. Better cavitation performance and significant reduction of the axial geometry scale is important for high-speed propulsion. This study presents a global design optimization method based on surrogated method for an axial-flow tandem pump to enhance trade-off performances: energy and cavitation performances. At the same time, interactions between impellers and impacts on the performances are analyzed. Fixed angle of blades in impellers and phase angle are performed as design variables. Efficiency and minimum average pressure coefficient (MAPC) on axial sectional surface in front impeller are the objective function, which can represent energy and cavitation performances well. Different surrogate models are constructed, and Global Sensitivity Analysis and Pareto Front method are used. The results show that, 1) Influence from phase angle on performances can be neglected compared with other two design variables, 2) Impact ratio of fixed angle of blades in two impellers on efficiency are the same as their designed loading distributions, which is 4:6, 3) The optimization results can enhance the trade-off performances well: efficiency is improved by 0.6%, and the MAPC is improved by 4.5%.
Development of a Mechatronic Syringe Pump to Control Fluid Flow in a Microfluidic Device Based on Polyimide Film
Sek Tee, Kian; Sharil Saripan, Muhammad; Yap, Hiung Yin; Fhong Soon, Chin
With the advancement in microfluidic technology, fluid flow control for syringe pump is always essential. In this paper, a mechatronic syringe pump will be developed and customized to control the fluid flow in a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device based on a polyimide laminating film. The syringe pump is designed to drive fluid with flow rates of 100 and 1000 μl/min which intended to drive continuous fluid in a polyimide based microfluidic device. The electronic system consists of an Arduino microcontroller board and a uni-polar stepper motor. In the system, the uni-polar stepper motor was coupled to a linear slider attached to the plunger of a syringe pump. As the motor rotates, the plunger pumps the liquid out of the syringe. The accuracy of the fluid flow rate was determined by adjusting the number of micro-step/revolution to drive the stepper motor to infuse fluid into the microfluidic device. With the precise control of the electronic system, the syringe pump could accurately inject fluid volume at 100 and 1000 μl/min into a microfluidic device.
Improvement of the Efficiency of the Axial-Flow Pump at Part Loads due to Installing Outlet Guide Vanes Mechanism
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fan Yang
Full Text Available In order to investigate the influence of adjustable outlet guide vane on the hydraulic performance of axial-flow pump at part loads, the axial-flow pump with 7 different outlet guide vane adjustable angles was simulated based on the RNG k-ε turbulent model and Reynolds time-averaged equations. The Vector graphs of airfoil flow were analyzed in the different operating conditions for different adjustable angles of guide vane. BP-ANN prediction model was established about the effect of adjustable outlet guide vane on the hydraulic performance of axial-flow pump based on the numerical results. The effectiveness of prediction model was verified by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that, with the adjustable angle of guide vane increasing along clockwise, the high efficiency area moves to the large flow rate direction; otherwise, that moves to the small flow rate direction. The internal flow field of guide vane is improved by adjusting angle, and the flow separation of tail and guide vane inlet ledge are decreased or eliminated, so that the hydraulic efficiency of pumping system will be improved. The prediction accuracy of BP-ANN model is 1%, which can meet the requirement of practical engineering.
Numerical analysis of head degrade law under cavitation condition of contra-rotating axial flow waterjet pump
Huang, D.; Pan, Z. Y.
In order to study the flow-head characteristic curve, the SST turbulence model, homogeneous multiphase model and Rayleigh-Plesset equation were applied to simulate the cavitation characteristics in contra-rotating axial flow waterjet pump under different conditions based on ANSYS CFX software. The distribution of cavity, pressure coefficient of the blade at the design point under different cavitation conditions were obtained. The analysis results of flow field show that the vapour volume distribution on the impeller indicates that the vapour first appears at the leading edge of blade and then extends to the outlet of impeller with the reduction of Net Positive Suction Head Allowance (NPSHA). The present study illustrates that the main reason for the decline of the pump performance is the development of cavitation, and the simulation can truly reflect the cavitation performance of the contra-rotating axial flow waterjet pump.
Kinetic model for the vibrational energy exchange in flowing molecular gas mixtures. Ph.D. Thesis
Offenhaeuser, F.
The present study is concerned with the development of a computational model for the description of the vibrational energy exchange in flowing gas mixtures, taking into account a given number of energy levels for each vibrational degree of freedom. It is possible to select an arbitrary number of energy levels. The presented model uses values in the range from 10 to approximately 40. The distribution of energy with respect to these levels can differ from the equilibrium distribution. The kinetic model developed can be employed for arbitrary gaseous mixtures with an arbitrary number of vibrational degrees of freedom for each type of gas. The application of the model to CO2-H2ON2-O2-He mixtures is discussed. The obtained relations can be utilized in a study of the suitability of radiation-related transitional processes, involving the CO2 molecule, for laser applications. It is found that the computational results provided by the model agree very well with experimental data obtained for a CO2 laser. Possibilities for the activation of a 16-micron and 14-micron laser are considered.
Pulsatile flow of blood and heat transfer with variable viscosity under magnetic and vibration environment
Shit, G. C.; Majee, Sreeparna
Unsteady flow of blood and heat transfer characteristics in the neighborhood of an overlapping constricted artery have been investigated in the presence of magnetic field and whole body vibration. The laminar flow of blood is taken to be incompressible and Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity depending upon temperature with an aim to provide resemblance to the real situation in the physiological system. The unsteady flow mechanism in the constricted artery is subjected to a pulsatile pressure gradient arising from systematic functioning of the heart and from the periodic body acceleration. The numerical computation has been performed using finite difference method by developing Crank-Nicolson scheme. The results show that the volumetric flow rate, skin-friction and the rate of heat transfer at the wall are significantly altered in the downstream of the constricted region. The axial velocity profile, temperature and flow rate increases with increase in temperature dependent viscosity, while the opposite trend is observed in the case of skin-friction and flow impedance.
Performance simulation of a radial flow type impeller of centrifugal pumps using CFD
López, R.; Vaca, M.; Terres, H.; Lizardi, A.; Chávez, S.; García., M.
The numerical simulation of a centrifugal impeller that had previously been designed and manufactured is presented in this paper. The following operating conditions were determined: 0.50 m3/min volumetric flow at a load of 25 m, velocity of rotation of 1750 rpm, and specific velocity of 0. 27. The ANSYS CFX 14.5 software with the k-ε turbulence model was used for simulation with appropriate boundary conditions. The distributions of velocities in the flow field in addition to the distribution of pressures on the entire impeller were obtained. The simulation showed no negative values for the pressure at the entrance of the impeller. The curve of hydrodynamic behaviour of the impeller, which contains the point of operation in which the pump will work was also developed.
Chemiluminometric determination of carvedilol in a multi-pumping flow system.
Pires, Cherrine K; Marques, Karine L; Santos, João L M; Lapa, Rui A S; Lima, José L F C; Zagatto, Elias A G
In this work a simple, fast, sensitive and selective flow-based procedure for the chemiluminometric determination of carvedilol, a recent non-cardioselective beta-blocker with noteworthy antioxidant activity, is proposed. The developed methodology takes advantage of the antioxidant capacity of carvedilol to inhibit the chemiluminescence response resulting from the oxidation of luminol by hypochlorite, by acting as a hypochlorite scavenger. The analytical process was implemented in a multi-pumping flow system that employs multiple solenoid actuated micro-pumps as the only active components. These acted as solution insertion, propelling and commuting units assuring an easily controlled, low cost, compact and reliable analytical system. A linear working range for carvedilol concentrations ranging from 1.2x10(-7) to 3.0x10(-6)moll(-1) (r>0.999, n=6), was obtained, with a detection limit of 8.7x10(-9)moll(-1). The system handles about 65 samples per hour yielding precise results (R.S.D.<1.3%, n=10). Recoveries within 95 and 104% were obtained.
Progress in the development of a transcutaneously powered axial flow blood pump ventricular assist system.
Parnis, S M; Conger, J L; Fuqua, J M; Jarvik, R K; Inman, R W; Tamez, D; Macris, M P; Moore, S; Jacobs, G; Sweeney, M J; Frazier, O H
Development of the Jarvik 2000 intraventricular assist system for long-term support is ongoing. The system integrates the Jarvik 2000 axial flow blood pump with a microprocessor based automatic motor controller to provide response to physiologic demands. Nine devices have been evaluated in vivo (six completed, three ongoing) with durations in excess of 26 weeks. Instrumented experiments include implanted transit-time ultrasonic flow probes and dual micromanometer LV/AoP catheters. Treadmill exercise and heart pacing studies are performed to evaluate control system response to increased heart rates. Pharmacologically induced cardiac dysfunction studies are performed in awake and anesthetized calves to demonstrate control response to simulated heart failure conditions. No deleterious effects or events were encountered during any physiologic studies. No hematologic, renal, hepatic, or pulmonary complications have been encountered in any study. Plasma free hemoglobin levels of 7.0 +/- 5.1 mg/dl demonstrate no device related hemolysis throughout the duration of all studies. Pathologic analysis at explant showed no evidence of thromboembolic events. All pump surfaces were free of thrombus except for a minimal ring of fibrin, (approximately 1 mm) on the inflow bearing. Future developments for permanent implantation will include implanted physiologic control systems, implanted batteries, and transcutaneous energy and data transmission systems.
An experimental study of dependence of hydro turbine vibration parameters on pressure pulsations in the flow path
Dekterev, D.; Maslennikova, A.; Abramov, A.
The operation modes of the hydraulic power plant water turbine with the formation of a precessing vortex core were studied on the hydrodynamic set-up with the model of hydraulic unit. The dependence of low-frequency vibrations on flow pressure pulsations in the hydraulic unit was established. The results of the air injection effect on the vibrational parameters of the hydrodynamic set-up were presented.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of elastomeric mount using vibration power flow and transmissibility methods
Arib Rejab, M. N.; Shukor, S. A. Abdul; Sofian, M. R. Mohd; Inayat-Hussain, J. I.; Nazirah, A.; Asyraf, I.
This paper presents the results of an experimental work to determine the dynamic stiffness and loss factor of elastomeric mounts. It also presents the results of theoretical analysis to determine the transmissibility and vibration power flow of these mounts, which are associated with their contribution to structure-borne noise. Four types of elastomeric mounts were considered, where three of them were made from green natural rubber material (SMR CV60, Ekoprena and Pureprena) and one made from petroleum based synthetic rubber (EPDM). In order to determine the dynamic stiffness and loss factor of these elastomeric mounts, dynamic tests were conducted using MTS 830 Elastomer Test System. Dynamic stiffness and loss factor of these mounts were measured for a range of frequency between 5 Hz and 150 Hz, and with a dynamic amplitude of 0.2 mm (p-p). The transmissibility and vibration power flow were determined based on a simple 2-Degree-of-Freedom model representing a vibration isolation system with a flexible receiver. This model reprsents the three main parts of a vehicle, which are the powertrain and engine mounting, the flexible structure and the floor of the vehicle. The results revealed that synthetic rubber (EPDM) was only effective at high frequency region. Natural rubber (Ekoprena), on the other hand, was found to be effective at both low and high frequency regions due to its low transmissibility at resonant frequency and its ability to damp the resonance. The estimated structure-borne noise emission showed that Ekoprena has a lower contribution to structure-borne noise as compared to the other types of elastomeric mounts.
Effects of tension on vortex-induced vibration (VIV) responses of a long tensioned cylinder in uniform flows
Kang, Ling; Ge, Fei; Wu, Xiaodong; Hong, Youshi
The effects of tension on vortex-induced vibration (VIV) responses for a tension-dominated long cylinder with an aspect ratio of 550 in uniform flows are experimentally investigated in this paper. The results show that elevated tension suppresses fluctuations of maximum displacement with respect to flow velocity and makes chaotic VIV more likely to appear. With respect to periodic VIV, if elevated tension is applied, the dominant vibration frequency in the in-line (IL) direction will switch from a fundamental vibration frequency to twice the value of the fundamental vibration frequency, which results in a ratio of the dominant vibration frequency in the IL direction to that in the cross-flow direction of 2.0. The suppression of the elevated tension in the fluctuation of the maximum displacement causes the axial tension to become an active control parameter for the VIV maximum displacement of a tension-dominated long riser or tether of an engineering structure in deep oceans. However, the axial tension must be optimized before being used since the high dominant vibration frequency due to the elevated tension may unfavorably affect the fatigue life of the riser or tether.
Simulation of Free Airfoil Vibrations in Incompressible Viscous Flow — Comparison of FEM and FVM
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Petr Sváček
Full Text Available This paper deals with a numerical solution of the interaction of two-dimensional (2-D incompressible viscous flow and a vibrating profile NACA 0012 with large amplitudes. The laminar flow is described by the Navier-Stokes equations in the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian form. The profile with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF can rotate around its elastic axis and oscillate in the vertical direction. Its motion is described by a nonlinear system of two ordinary differential equations. Deformations of the computational domain due to the profile motion are treated by the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerianmethod. The finite volume method and the finite element method are applied, and the numerical results are compared.
Numerical simulation of the flow around oscillating wind turbine airfoils Part 2: Free vibrating airfoil
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O Guerri
Full Text Available The present paper is Part 2 of a two parts paper on flow around vibratingwind turbine airfoils. The first part of the paper dealt with a forced oscillatingairfoil. Part 2 focuses on free vibrating airfoils. The flow induced vibrationson two airfoils used for wind turbine blades are investigated by applying afluid structure interaction approach. A commercial Computational FluidDynamics (CFD code is coupled to a computational structural programthat solves the dynamic equations of the airfoil oscillations. The fluidgoverning equations are described in the Arbitrary Lagrangian Euleriancoordinates and solved with a moving mesh. A straightforward meshingtechnique is implemented in a subroutine called by the CFD code at eachtime step for updating the grid. The method is applied to a free pitchoscillating airfoil and to combined pitch and vertical oscillations known asthe flutter instability.
Research and design of underwater flow-induced vibration energy harvester based on Karman vortex street
Yao, Gang; Wang, Hai; Yang, Chunlai; Wen, Li
With the increasing development of wireless sensor network (WSN), power supply for WSN nodes had attracted increasing attention, and the energy harvesting system based on Karman vortex street has been widely used in underwater WSN. But the research of the influences of affecting factors towards the energy harvesting system is yet to be completed. So, in this paper, an underwater flow-induced vibration energy harvesting system based on Karman vortex street was proposed and tested. The influence of bluff body geometry and flow velocity towards the performance of the energy harvesting has been researched. The results showed that the output voltage increased as the diameter of bluff body and the water velocity increase. The power generation efficiency was the best when the shape of bluff body was circular.
Study of Low Flow Rate Ladle Bottom Gas Stirring Using Triaxial Vibration Signals
Yenus, Jaefer; Brooks, Geoffrey; Dunn, Michelle; Li, Zushu; Goodwin, Tim
Secondary steelmaking plays a great role in enhancing the quality of the final steel product. The metal quality is a function of metal bath stirring in ladles. The metal bath is often stirred by an inert gas to achieve maximum compositional and thermal uniformity throughout the melt. Ladle operators often observe the top surface phenomena, such as level of meniscus disturbance, to evaluate the status of stirring. However, this type of monitoring has significant limitations in assessing the process accurately especially at low gas flow rate bubbling. The present study investigates stirring phenomena using ladle wall triaxial vibration at a low flow rate on a steel-made laboratory model and plant scale for the case of the vacuum tank degasser. Cold model and plant data were successfully modeled by partial least-squares regression to predict the amount of stirring. In the cold model, it was found that the combined vibration signal could predict the stirring power and recirculation speed effectively in specific frequency ranges. Plant trials also revealed that there is a high structure in each data set and in the same frequency ranges at the water model. In the case of industrial data, the degree of linear relationship was strong for data taken from a single heat.
Interaction dynamics of gap flow with vortex-induced vibration in side-by-side cylinder arrangement
Liu, Bin; Jaiman, Rajeev K.
A numerical investigation of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in a side-by-side circular cylinder arrangement has been performed in a two-dimensional laminar flow environment. One of the cylinders is elastically mounted and only vibrates in the transverse direction, while its counterpart remains stationary in a uniform flow stream. When the gap ratio is sufficiently small, the flip-flopping phenomenon of the gap flow can be an additional time-dependent interference to the flow field. This phenomenon was reported in the experimental work of Bearman and Wadcock ["The interaction between a pair of circular cylinders normal to a stream," J. Fluid Mech. 61(3), 499-511 (1973)] in a side-by-side circular cylinder arrangement, in which the gap flow deflects toward one of the cylinders and switched its sides intermittently. Albeit one of the two cylinders is free to vibrate, the flip-flop of a gap flow during VIV dynamics can still be observed outside the lock-in region. The exact moments of the flip-flop phenomenon due to spontaneous symmetry breaking are observed in this numerical study. The significant characteristic vortex modes in the near-wake region are extracted via dynamic modal analysis and the interference between the gap flow and VIV is found to be mutual. In a vibrating side-by-side arrangement, the lock-in region with respect to reduced velocity becomes narrower due to the interference from its stationary counterpart. The frequency lock-in occurs and ends earlier than that of an isolated vibrating circular cylinder subjected to an identical flow environment. Similar to a tandem cylinder arrangement, in the post-lock-in region, the maximum vibration amplitudes are escalated compared with those of an isolated circular cylinder configuration. On the other hand, subjected to the influence from VIV, the biased gap flow deflects toward the vibrating cylinder quasi-stably during the frequency lock-in process. This behavior is different from the reported bi
Circus, software for computation of flow induced vibrations in piping system. General purpose; Code circus, logiciel pour la prediction des vibrations sous ecoulement. Une presentation generale
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Seligmann, D.
This paper is a presentation of the code CIRCUS version 2. CIRCUS deals with the hydraulic, acoustic and vibratory behaviour of piping systems under acoustic loads. CIRCUS first computes permanent mean-flow, and associated acoustic loads. It then determines the acoustic and vibration response along the piping system. The CIRCUS software is used at EDF to check the design of piping system and to investigate solutions in case of damage or troubleshooting. (author). 10 refs.
Kirol, Lance D.
A rotary magnetic heat pump constructed without flow seals or segmented rotor accomplishes recuperation and regeneration by using split flow paths. Heat exchange fluid pumped through heat exchangers and returned to the heat pump splits into two flow components: one flowing counter to the rotor rotation and one flowing with the rotation.
Blood warming, pump heating and haemolysis in low-flow extracorporeal life support; an in vitro study using freshly donated human blood.
Kusters, R W J; Simons, A P; Lancé, M D; Ganushchak, Y M; Bekers, O; Weerwind, P W
Low-flow extracorporeal life support can be used for cardiopulmonary support of paediatric and neonatal patients and is also emerging as a therapy for patients suffering from exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, pump heating and haemolysis have proven to negatively affect the system and outcome. This in vitro study aimed at gaining insight into blood warming, pump heating and haemolysis related to the performance of a new low-flow centrifugal pump. Pump performance in the 400-1,500 ml/min flow range was modulated using small-sized dual-lumen catheters and freshly donated human blood. Measurements included plasma free haemoglobin, blood temperature, pump speed, pump pressure, blood flow and thermographic imaging. Blood warming (ΔTmax=0.5°C) had no relationship with pump performance or haemolysis (R2max=0.05). Pump performance-related parameters revealed no relevant relationships with haemolysis (R2max=0.36). Thermography showed no relevant heat zones in the pump (Tmax=36°C). Concerning blood warming, pump heating and haemolysis, we deem the centrifugal pump applicable for low-flow extracorporeal circulation.
Critical surface roughness for wall bounded flow of viscous fluids in an electric submersible pump
Deshmukh, Dhairyasheel; Siddique, Md Hamid; Kenyery, Frank; Samad, Abdus
Surface roughness plays a vital role in the performance of an electric submersible pump (ESP). A 3-D numerical analysis has been carried out to find the roughness effect on ESP. The performance of pump for steady wall bounded turbulent flows is evaluated at different roughness values and compared with smooth surface considering a non-dimensional roughness factor K. The k- ω SST turbulence model with fine mesh at near wall region captures the rough wall effects accurately. Computational results are validated with experimental results of water (1 cP), at a design speed (3000 RPM). Maximum head is observed for a hydraulically smooth surface (K=0). When roughness factor is increased, the head decreases till critical roughness factor (K=0.1) due to frictional loss. Further increase in roughness factor (K>0.1) increases the head due to near wall turbulence. The performance of ESP is analyzed for turbulent kinetic energy and eddy viscosity at different roughness values. The wall disturbance over the rough surface affects the pressure distribution and velocity field. The roughness effect is predominant for high viscosity oil (43cP) as compared to water. Moreover, the study at off-design conditions showed that Reynolds number influences the overall roughness effect.
Simulation of groundwater flow and pumping scenarios for 1900–2050 near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
Fine, Jason M.; Petkewich, Matthew D.; Campbell, Bruce G.
-level decline of 164 feet between 2015 and 2050.Scenario 5 is a modification of Scenario 4 with the addition of two new MPW production wells. For this scenario, the MPW network of production wells were simulated the same as in Scenario 4, but withdrawals from the two new production wells were added in 2020. Simulated 2050 groundwater altitudes for this simulation declined to – 405 feet. Simulated hydrographs for two observation wells show groundwater-level declines of 143 and 51 feet, respectively. Simulated groundwater altitudes at a hypothetical observation well located in the MPW well field declined 199 feet between 2015 and 2050.Scenario 6 is a modification of Scenario 1, in which 140 additional quarterly stress periods were added to simulate MPW seasonal demands. Simulated groundwater altitudes for Scenario 6 declined to –353 feet during 2050. For Scenario 6, simulated hydrographs for two observation wells and the hypothetical observation well show similar groundwater-level declines as seen in Scenario 1, but with seasonal fluctuations of as much as 56 feet in the hypothetical observation well.Water budgets for the model area immediately surrounding Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, were calculated for 2015 and for 2050. The water budget for 2015 is equal for all of the scenarios because it represents the year prior to the hypothetical pumping beginning in 2016. The largest flow component in the 2015 water budget for the Mount Pleasant area is discharge to wells at a rate of 4.17 Mgal/d. Additionally, 0.23 Mgal/d flows laterally out of the Middendorf aquifer in this area of the model due to the regional horizontal hydraulic gradient. Flow into this zone consists predominantly of lateral flow within the Middendorf aquifer at 4.08 Mgal/d. Additionally, 0.02 Mgal/d is released into this zone from aquifer storage. Vertically, 0.06 Mgal/d flows down from the Middendorf confining unit located above the Middendorf aquifer, and 0.25 Mgal/d flows up from the Cape Fear confining
Optimization of an axial flow heart pump with active and passive magnetic bearings.
Glauser, Matthias; Jiang, Wei; Li, Guoxin; Lin, Zongli; Allaire, Paul E; Olson, Don
Optimization of a magnetically suspended left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is crucial. We desire a totally implantable, long-life LVAD that delivers the necessary flow rate, pressure rise, and blood compatibility. By using a novel combination of passive and active magnetic bearings (AMBs), we have developed an axial flow LVAD prototype, the LEV-VAD, which provides an unobstructed blood flow path, preventing stagnation regions for the blood. Our current effort is focused on the optimization of the magnetic suspension system to allow for control of the AMB, minimizing its size and power consumption. The properties of the passive magnetic bearings and AMBs serve as parameter space, over which a cost function is minimized, subject to constraints such as suspension stability and sufficient disturbance rejection capabilities. The design process is expected to lead to the construction of a small prototype pump along with the necessary robust controller for the AMB. Sensitivity of the LVAD performance with respect to various design parameters is examined in-depth and an optimized, more compact LVAD prototype is designed.
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Johan Debayle
Full Text Available An image analysis method has been developed in order to compute the velocity field of a granular medium (sand grains, mean diameter 600 μm submitted to different kinds of mechanical stresses. The differential method based on optical flow conservation consists in describing a dense motion field with vectors associated to each pixel. A multiscale, coarse-to-fine, analytical approach through tailor sized windows yields the best compromise between accuracy and robustness of the results, while enabling an acceptable computation time. The corresponding algorithmis presented and its validation discussed through different tests. The results of the validation tests of the proposed approach show that the method is satisfactory when attributing specific values to parameters in association with the size of the image analysis window. An application in the case of vibrated sand has been studied. An instrumented laboratory device provides sinusoidal vibrations and enables external optical observations of sand motion in 3D transparent boxes. At 50 Hz, by increasing the relative acceleration G, the onset and development of two convective rolls can be observed. An ultra fast camera records the grain avalanches, and several pairs of images are analysed by the proposed method. The vertical velocity profiles are deduced and allow to precisely quantify the dimensions of the fluidized region as a function of G.
Development of Lorentz force-type self-bearing motor for an alternative axial flow blood pump design.
Lim, Tau Meng; Zhang, Dongsheng
A Lorentz force-type self-bearing motor was developed to provide delivery of both motoring torque and levitation force for an alternative axial flow blood pump design with an enclosed impeller. The axial flow pumps currently available introduce electromagnetic coupling from the motor's stator to the impeller by means of permanent magnets (PMs) embedded in the tips of the pump's blades. This design has distinct disadvantages, for example, pumping efficiency and electromagnetic coupling transmission are compromised by the constrained or poor geometry of the blades and limited pole width of the PMs, respectively. In this research, a Lorentz force-type self-bearing motor was developed. It is composed of (i) an eight-pole PM hollow-cylindrical rotor assembly supposedly to house and enclose the impeller of an axial flow blood pump, and (ii) a six-pole stator with two sets of copper wire and different winding configurations to provide the motoring torque and levitating force for the rotor assembly. MATLAB's xPC Target interface hardware was used as the rapid prototyping tool for the development of the controller for the self-bearing motor. Experimental results on a free/simply supported rotor assembly validated the design feasibility and control algorithm effectiveness in providing both the motoring torque and levitation force for the rotor. When levitated, a maximum orbital displacement of 0.3 mm corresponding to 1050 rpm of the rotor was measured by two eddy current probes placed in the orthogonal direction. This design has the advantage of eliminating the trade-off between motoring torques, levitating force, and pumping efficiency of previous studies. It also indicated the benefits of enclosed-impeller design as having good dynamic response, linearity, and better reliability. The nonmechanical contact feature between rotating and stationary parts will further reduce hemolysis and thromboembolitic tendencies in a typical blood pump application.
Energy Performance and Radial Force of a Mixed-Flow Pump with Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Tip Clearances
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Yue Hao
Full Text Available The energy performance and radial force of a mixed flow pump with symmetrical and unsymmetrical tip clearance are investigated in this paper. As the tip clearance increases, the pump head and efficiency both decrease. The center of the radial force on the principal axis is located at the coordinate origin when the tip clearance is symmetrical, and moves to the third quadrant when the tip clearance is unsymmetrical. Analysis results show that the total radial force on the principal axis is closely related to the fluctuation of mass flow rate in each single flow channel. Unsteady simulations show that the dominant frequencies of radial force on the hub and blade correspond to the blade number, vane number, or double blade number because of the rotor stator interaction. The radial force on the blade pressure side decreases with the tip clearance increase because of leakage flow. The unsymmetrical tip clearances in an impeller induce uneven leakage flow rate and then result in unsymmetrical work ability of each blade and flow pattern in each channel. Thus, the energy performance decreases and the total radial force increases for a mixed flow pump with unsymmetrical tip clearance.
Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project; Characterization of Pump Flow at the Grand Coulee Dam Pumping Station for Fish Passage, 2004-2005 Final Report.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Carlson, T.; Duncan, J.; Johnson, R.
This report describes a study conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the Bonneville Power Administration to characterize the conditions fish experience when entrained in pump flow at the Grand Coulee Dam. PNNL conducted field studies at Grand Coulee Dam in 2004 using the Sensor Fish to measure the acceleration and pressure conditions that might be experienced by fish that pass through pumps at Grand Coulee Dam's Pump-Generating Plant and are transported up into the feeder canal leading to Banks Lake. The probability that fish would be struck by the Pump-Generating Plant's new nine-bladed turbines was also estimated. Our measurements showed relatively low turbulence except in the immediate vicinity of the runner environment. The lowest and highest pressures experienced by the Sensor Fish were 6.4 and 155 psi (the pressure gauge saturated at 155 psi). The probability of strike was also calculated, based on the average length of hatchery-reared juvenile kokanee (land-locked sockeye). Strike probabilities ranged from 0.0755 for 2.36-inch fish to 0.3890 for 11.8-inch fish. The probability of strike estimates indicate that the majority (77%) of recently released hatchery kokanee would be carried through the test pump without being struck and most likely with low risk of injury resulting from pressure and turbulence exposure. Of the 23% that might be struck it is expected that 60% would arrive in Banks Lake without visible external injuries. Thus more than 90% of entrained fish could be expected to arrive in Banks Lake without significant injury, assuming that no kokanee were injured or killed by pressure exposure during passage.
CFD simulation of flow-induced vibration of an elastically supported airfoil
Šidlof, Petr
Flow-induced vibration of lifting or control surfaces in aircraft may lead to catastrophic consequences. Under certain circumstances, the interaction between the airflow and the elastic structure may lead to instability with energy transferred from the airflow to the structure and with exponentially increasing amplitudes of the structure. In the current work, a CFD simulation of an elastically supported NACA0015 airfoil with two degrees of freedom (pitch and plunge) coupled with 2D incompressible airflow is presented. The geometry of the airfoil, mass, moment of inertia, location of the centroid, linear and torsional stiffness was matched to properties of a physical airfoil model used for wind-tunnel measurements. The simulations were run within the OpenFOAM computational package. The results of the CFD simulations were compared with the experimental data.
CFD simulation of flow-induced vibration of an elastically supported airfoil
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Šidlof Petr
Full Text Available Flow-induced vibration of lifting or control surfaces in aircraft may lead to catastrophic consequences. Under certain circumstances, the interaction between the airflow and the elastic structure may lead to instability with energy transferred from the airflow to the structure and with exponentially increasing amplitudes of the structure. In the current work, a CFD simulation of an elastically supported NACA0015 airfoil with two degrees of freedom (pitch and plunge coupled with 2D incompressible airflow is presented. The geometry of the airfoil, mass, moment of inertia, location of the centroid, linear and torsional stiffness was matched to properties of a physical airfoil model used for wind-tunnel measurements. The simulations were run within the OpenFOAM computational package. The results of the CFD simulations were compared with the experimental data.
Tube bundle vibrations due to cross flow under the influence of turbulence
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Popp, K.; Romberg, O. [Institute of Mechanics, University of Hannover (Germany)
Tube bundles are often used in heat exchangers and chemical reactors. Besides of large heat transfer capacities and small pressure drops in the apparatus a safe design against vibration damages is demanded. For many years extensive investigations concerning the dynamical behaviour of tube bundles subjected to cross-flow have been carried out in the wind tunnel of the Institute of Mechanics at the University of Hannover. In the last years the investigations were concentrated on the experimental investigations of different flow excitation mechanisms in a fully flexible bundle as well as in a bundle with one single flexibly mounted tube in an otherwise fixed array with variable geometry and changing equilibrium position. The aim of the studies was the determination of the stability boundaries, i.e. the critical reduced fluid velocity depending on the reduced damping coefficient in a wide parameter region. Theoretical investigations of the stability behaviour on the basis of an one dimensional flow model as well as experimental investigations of the influence of turbulence on the stability boundaries have been carried out. Here, for certain tube bundle configurations an increased turbulence has a stabilizing effect and leads to a shift of the stability boundaries to higher velocities. The change of the turbulence was realised by using turbulence grids at the inlet of the bundles or thin Prandtl-tripwires at the tube surfaces. Flow visualization studies at the original experimental set-up under relevant Reynolds numbers give an impression of the flow pattern. At this time an investigation of the exciting fluid forces is carried out using a flexibly mounted pressure test tube. A survey about some recent investigations is given. (orig.)
Study and development of an air conditioning system operating on a magnetic heat pump cycle (design and testing of flow directors)
Wang, Pao-Lien
This report describes the fabrication, design of flow director, fluid flow direction analysis and testing of flow director of a magnetic heat pump. The objectives of the project are: (1) to fabricate a demonstration magnetic heat pump prototype with flow directors installed; and (2) analysis and testing of flow director and to make sure working fluid loops flow through correct directions with minor mixing. The prototype was fabricated and tested at the Development Testing Laboratory of Kennedy Space Center. The magnetic heat pump uses rear earth metal plates rotate in and out of a magnetic field in a clear plastic housing with water flowing through the rotor plates to provide temperature lift. Obtaining the proper water flow direction has been a problem. Flow directors were installed as flow barriers between separating point of two parallel loops. Function of flow directors were proven to be excellent both analytically and experimentally.
Pumps, Sulzer
This long-awaited new edition is the complete reference for engineers and designers working on pump design and development or using centrifugal pumps in the field. This authoritative guide has been developed with access to the technical expertise of the leading centrifugal pump developer, Sulzer Pumps. In addition to providing the most comprehensive centrifugal pump theory and design reference with detailed material on cavitation, erosion, selection of materials, rotor vibration behavior and forces acting on pumps, the handbook also covers key pumping applications topics and operational
Evaluation of near-wall solution approaches for large-eddy simulations of flow in a centrifugal pump impeller
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Zhi-Feng Yao
Full Text Available The turbulent flow in a centrifugal pump impeller is bounded by complex surfaces, including blades, a hub and a shroud. The primary challenge of the flow simulation arises from the generation of a boundary layer between the surface of the impeller and the moving fluid. The principal objective is to evaluate the near-wall solution approaches that are typically used to deal with the flow in the boundary layer for the large-eddy simulation (LES of a centrifugal pump impeller. Three near-wall solution approaches –the wall-function approach, the wall-resolved approach and the hybrid Reynolds averaged Navier–Stoke (RANS and LES approach – are tested. The simulation results are compared with experimental results conducted through particle imaging velocimetry (PIV and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV. It is found that the wall-function approach is more sparing of computational resources, while the other two approaches have the important advantage of providing highly accurate boundary layer flow prediction. The hybrid RANS/LES approach is suitable for predicting steady-flow features, such as time-averaged velocities and hydraulic losses. Despite the fact that the wall-resolved approach is expensive in terms of computing resources, it exhibits a strong ability to capture a small-scale vortex and predict instantaneous velocity in the near-wall region in the impeller. The wall-resolved approach is thus recommended for the transient simulation of flows in centrifugal pump impellers.
Body position and activity, but not heart rate, affect pump flows in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices.
Muthiah, Kavitha; Gupta, Sunil; Otton, James; Robson, Desiree; Walker, Robyn; Tay, Andre; Macdonald, Peter; Keogh, Anne; Kotlyar, Eugene; Granger, Emily; Dhital, Kumud; Spratt, Phillip; Jansz, Paul; Hayward, Christopher S
The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of pre-load and heart rate to pump flow in patients implanted with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (cfLVADs). Although it is known that cfLVAD pump flow increases with exercise, it is unclear if this increment is driven by increased heart rate, augmented intrinsic ventricular contraction, or enhanced venous return. Two studies were performed in patients implanted with the HeartWare HVAD. In 11 patients, paced heart rate was increased to approximately 40 beats/min above baseline and then down to approximately 30 beats/min below baseline pacing rate (in pacemaker-dependent patients). Ten patients underwent tilt-table testing at 30°, 60°, and 80° passive head-up tilt for 3 min and then for a further 3 min after ankle flexion exercise. This regimen was repeated at 20° passive head-down tilt. Pump parameters, noninvasive hemodynamics, and 2-dimensional echocardiographic measures were recorded. Heart rate alteration by pacing did not affect LVAD flows or LV dimensions. LVAD pump flow decreased from baseline 4.9 ± 0.6 l/min to approximately 4.5 ± 0.5 l/min at each level of head-up tilt (p heart rate, but they change significantly with body position and passive filling. Previously demonstrated exercise-induced changes in pump flows may be related to altered loading conditions, rather than changes in heart rate. Copyright © 2014 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Parametric study of fluid flow and heat transfer over louvered fins of air heat pump evaporator
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Muszyński Tomasz
Full Text Available Two-dimensional numerical investigations of the fluid flow and heat transfer have been carried out for the laminar flow of the louvered fin-plate heat exchanger, designed to work as an air-source heat pump evaporator. The transferred heat and the pressure drop predicted by simulation have been compared with the corresponding experimental data taken from the literature. Two dimensional analyses of the louvered fins with varying geometry have been conducted. Simulations have been performed for different geometries with varying louver pitch, louver angle and different louver blade number. Constant inlet air temperature and varying velocity ranging from 2 to 8 m/s was assumed in the numerical experiments. The air-side performance is evaluated by calculating the temperature and the pressure drop ratio. Efficiency curves are obtained that can be used to select optimum louver geometry for the selected inlet parameters. A total of 363 different cases of various fin geometry for 7 different air velocities were investigated. The maximum heat transfer improvement interpreted in terms of the maximum efficiency has been obtained for the louver angle of 16 ° and the louver pitch of 1.35 mm. The presented results indicate that varying louver geometry might be a convenient way of enhancing performance of heat exchangers.
Parametric study of fluid flow and heat transfer over louvered fins of air heat pump evaporator
Muszyński, Tomasz; Kozieł, Sławomir Marcin
Two-dimensional numerical investigations of the fluid flow and heat transfer have been carried out for the laminar flow of the louvered fin-plate heat exchanger, designed to work as an air-source heat pump evaporator. The transferred heat and the pressure drop predicted by simulation have been compared with the corresponding experimental data taken from the literature. Two dimensional analyses of the louvered fins with varying geometry have been conducted. Simulations have been performed for different geometries with varying louver pitch, louver angle and different louver blade number. Constant inlet air temperature and varying velocity ranging from 2 to 8 m/s was assumed in the numerical experiments. The air-side performance is evaluated by calculating the temperature and the pressure drop ratio. Efficiency curves are obtained that can be used to select optimum louver geometry for the selected inlet parameters. A total of 363 different cases of various fin geometry for 7 different air velocities were investigated. The maximum heat transfer improvement interpreted in terms of the maximum efficiency has been obtained for the louver angle of 16 ° and the louver pitch of 1.35 mm. The presented results indicate that varying louver geometry might be a convenient way of enhancing performance of heat exchangers.
Mechanical circulatory support of a univentricular Fontan circulation with a continuous axial-flow pump in a piglet model.
Wei, Xufeng; Sanchez, Pablo G; Liu, Yang; Li, Tieluo; Watkins, A Claire; Wu, Zhongjun J; Griffith, Bartley P
Despite the significant contribution of the Fontan procedure to the therapy of complex congenital heart diseases, many patients progress to failure of their Fontan circulation. The use of ventricular assist devices to provide circulatory support to these patients remains challenging. In the current study, a continuous axial-flow pump was used to support a univentricular Fontan circulation. A modified Fontan circulation (atrio-pulmonary connection) was constructed in six Yorkshire piglets (8-14 kg). A Dacron conduit (12 mm) with two branches was constructed to serve as a complete atrio-pulmonary connection without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The Impella pump was inserted into the conduit through an additional Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft in five animals. Hemodynamic data were collected for 6 hours under the supported Fontan circulation. The control animal died after initiating the Fontan circulation independent of resuscitation. Four pump supported animals remained hemodynamically stable for 6 hours with pump speeds between 18,000 rpm and 22,000 rpm (P1-P3). Oxygen saturation was maintained between 95% and 100%. Normal organ perfusion was illustrated by blood gas analysis and biochemical assays. A continuous axial-flow pump can be used for temporal circulatory support to the failing Fontan circulation as "bridge" to heart transplantation or recovery.
Theoretical analysis of inertially irrotational and soleniodal flow in two-demensional radial flow pump and turbine impellers with equiangular blades
Visser, F.C.; Visser, F.C.; Brouwers, J.J.H.; Badie, R.; Badie, R.
Using the theory of functions of a complex variable, in particular the method of conformal mapping, the irrotational and solenoidal flow in two-dimensional radialflow pump and turbine impellers fitted with equiangular blades is analysed. Exact solutions are given for the fluid velocity along
Influence of guide vane opening on the flow phenomena in a pump turbine during a fast transition from pump mode to generating mode
Stens, C.; Riedelbauch, S.
Due to a more fluctuating energy production caused by renewable energies such as wind and solar power, the number of changes between operating points in pumped storage power plants has increased over the last years. To further increase available regulating power, it is desirable to speed up these changes of operation conditions in Hydro units. Previous studies showed that CFD is well capable of predicting the flow phenomena in the machine under unsteady conditions for a large guide vane opening angle. The present paper investigates the benefits of nearly closed guide vanes during the transition. Results are compared between the two different angles as well as between simulation and measurement.
Operation of a full-scale pumped flow biofilm reactor (PFBR) under two aeration regimes.
O'Reilly, E; Rodgers, M; Clifford, E
A novel technology suitable for centralised and decentralised wastewater treatment has been developed, extensively tested at laboratory-scale, and trialled at a number of sites for populations ranging from 15 to 400 population equivalents (PE). The two-reactor-tank pumped flow biofilm reactor (PFBR) is characterised by: (i) its simple construction; (ii) its ease of operation and maintenance; (iii) low operating costs; (iv) low sludge production; and (v) comprising no moving parts or compressors, other than hydraulic pumps. By operating the system in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) mode, the following treatment can be achieved: 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) reduction; nitrification and denitrification. During a 100-day full-scale plant study treating municipal wastewater and operating at 165 PE and 200 PE (Experiments 1 and 2, respectively), maximum average removals of 94% BOD5, 86% TSS and 80% ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) were achieved. During the latter part of Experiment 2, effluent concentrations averaged: 14 mg BOD5/l; 32 mg COD(filtered)/l; 14 mg TSS/l; 4.4 mg NH4-N/l; and 4.0 mg NO3-N/l (nitrate-nitrogen). The average energy consumption was 0.46-0.63 kWh/m3(treated) or 1.25-1.76 kWh/kg BOD5 removed. No maintenance was required during these experiments. The PFBR technology offers a low energy, minimal maintenance technology for the treatment of municipal wastewater.
Influence of blade thickness on transient flow characteristics of centrifugal slurry pump with semi-open impeller
Tao, Yi; Yuan, Shouqi; Liu, Jianrui; Zhang, Fan; Tao, Jianping
As the critical component, the impellers of the slurry pumps usually have blades of a large thickness. The increasing excretion coefficient of the blades affects the flow in the impeller resulting in a relatively higher hydraulic loss, which is rarely reported. In order to investigate the influence of blade thickness on the transient flow characteristics of a centrifugal slurry pump with a semi-open impeller, transient numerical simulations were carried out on six impellers, of which the meridional blade thickness from the leading edge to trailing edge varied from 5-10 mm, 5-15 mm, 5-20 mm, 10-10 mm, 10-15 mm, and 10-20 mm, respectively. Then, two of the six impellers, namely cases 4 and 6, were manufactured and experimentally tested for hydraulic performance to verify the simulation results. Results of these tests agreed reasonably well with those of the numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that when blade thickness increases, pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the impeller become severe. Moreover, the standard deviation of the relative velocity in the middle portion of the suction sides of the blades decreases and that at the outlet of the impeller increases. Thus, the amplitude of the impeller head pulsation for each case increases. Meanwhile, the distribution of the time-averaged relative flow angle becomes less uniform and decreases at the outlet of the impeller. Hence, as the impeller blade thickness increases, the pump head drops rapidly and the maximum efficiency point is offset to a lower flow rate condition. As the thickness of blade trailing edge increases by 10 mm, the head of the pump drops by approximately 5 m, which is approximately 10 % of the original pump head. Futhermore, it is for the first time that the time-averaged relative flow angle is being considered for the analysis of transient flow in centrifugal pump. The presented work could be a useful guideline in engineering practice when designing a centrifugal slurry pump with thick
Asymptotic theory of neutral stability of the Couette flow of a vibrationally excited gas
Grigor'ev, Yu. N.; Ershov, I. V.
An asymptotic theory of the neutral stability curve for a supersonic plane Couette flow of a vibrationally excited gas is developed. The initial mathematical model consists of equations of two-temperature viscous gas dynamics, which are used to derive a spectral problem for a linear system of eighth-order ordinary differential equations within the framework of the classical linear stability theory. Unified transformations of the system for all shear flows are performed in accordance with the classical Lin scheme. The problem is reduced to an algebraic secular equation with separation into the "inviscid" and "viscous" parts, which is solved numerically. It is shown that the thus-calculated neutral stability curves agree well with the previously obtained results of the direct numerical solution of the original spectral problem. In particular, the critical Reynolds number increases with excitation enhancement, and the neutral stability curve is shifted toward the domain of higher wave numbers. This is also confirmed by means of solving an asymptotic equation for the critical Reynolds number at the Mach number M ≤ 4.
Signal analysis of acoustic and flow-induced vibrations of BWR main steam line
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Espinosa-Paredes, G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340 (Mexico); Prieto-Guerrero, A. [División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340 (Mexico); Núñez-Carrera, A. [Comisión Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias, Doctor Barragán 779, Col. Narvarte, México, D.F. 03020 (Mexico); Vázquez-Rodríguez, A. [División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340 (Mexico); Centeno-Pérez, J. [Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Av. IPN, s/n, México, D.F. 07738 (Mexico); Espinosa-Martínez, E.-G. [Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510 (Mexico); and others
Highlights: • Acoustic and flow-induced vibrations of BWR are analyzed. • BWR performance after extended power uprate is considered. • Effect of acoustic side branches (ASB) is analyzed. • The ASB represents a reduction in the acoustic loads to the steam dryer. • Methodology developed for simultaneous analyzing the signals in the MSL. - Abstract: The aim of this work is the signal analysis of acoustic waves due to phenomenon known as singing in Safety Relief Valves (SRV) of the main steam lines (MSL) in a typical BWR5. The acoustic resonance in SRV standpipes and fluctuating pressure is propagated from SRV to the dryer through the MSL. The signals are analyzed with a novel method based on the Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (M-EMD). The M-EMD algorithm has the potential to find common oscillatory modes (IMF) within multivariate data. Based on this fact, we implement the M-EMD technique to find the oscillatory mode in BWR considering the measurements obtained collected by the strain gauges located around the MSL. These IMF, analyzed simultaneously in time, allow obtaining an estimation of the effects of the multiple-SRV in the MSL. Two scenarios are analyzed: the first is the signal obtained before the installation of the acoustic dampers (ASB), and the second, the signal obtained after installation. The results show the effectiveness of the ASB to damp the strong resonances when the steam flow increases, which represents an important reduction in the acoustic loads to the steam dryer.
Two-phase numerical study of the flow field formed in water pump sump: influence of air entrainment
BAYEUL-LAINE, Annie-Claude; Simonet, Sophie; BOIS, Gérard; Issa, Abir
In a pump sump it is imperative that the amount of non-homogenous flow and entrained air be kept to a minimum. Free air-core vortex occurring at a water-intake pipe is an important problem encountered in hydraulic engineering. These vortices reduce pump performances, may have large effects on the operating conditions and lead to increase plant operating costs.This work is an extended study starting from 2006 in LML and published by ISSA and al. in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Several cases of sump co...
A field comparison of BTEX mass flow rates based on integral pumping tests and point scale measurements.
Dietze, Michael; Dietrich, Peter
Measuring contaminant flow rates at control cross sections is the most accurate method to evaluate natural attenuation processes in the saturated subsurface. In most instances, point scale measurement is the method of choice due to practical reasons and cost factors. However, at many field sites, the monitoring network is too sparse for a reliable estimation of contaminant and groundwater flow rates. Therefore, integral pumping tests have been developed as an alternative. In this study, we compare mass flow rates obtained by integral pumping test results and point scale data. We compare results of both methods with regard to uncertainties due to estimation errors and mass flow estimations based on two different point scale networks. The differences between benzene and groundwater flow rate estimates resulting from point scale samples and integral pumping tests were 6.44% and 6.97%, respectively, demonstrating the applicability of both methods at the site. Point scale-based data, especially with use of cost efficient Direct-Push technique, can be applied to show the contaminant distribution at a site and may be followed by a denser point scale network or an integral method. Nevertheless, a combination of both methods decreases uncertainties. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Transient Flows in a Pipe System with Pump Shut-Down and the Simultaneous Closing of a Spherical Valve
Zhang, Zh.
Because of the limited value of the wave propagation speed in water the propagation of a pressure surge in transient flows can be tracked in the time series. This enables both the pressure head and the flow velocity in pipe flows to be determined as a function of both the coordinate along the pipe and the time. The propagation of the pressure surge includes both wave transmission and reflection. The latter occurs where the flow section is changed. The wave tracking method has been demonstrated as highly accurate and subsequently was applied to much more complex hydraulic systems, in which the pump is shut off and the spherical valve is simultaneously progressively closed. A combined four-quadrant characteristic of the pump and a spherical valve has been worked out, with which the computational procedure for the transient flow in the complex system could be significantly simplified. It has been demonstrated that not only the pressure surge in the hydraulic system but also the rotational speed of the pump could be satisfactorily computed. The computational algorithm has been demonstrated as quite simple, so that all calculations could be performed simply by means of the Microsoft Excel module.
Numerical simulations of the internal flow pattern of a vortex pump compared to the Hamel-Oseen vortex
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gerlach, Angela; Preuss, Enrico; Thamsen, Paul Uwe [Institute of Fluid System Dynamics, Technische Universitaet, Berlin (Germany); Lykholt-Ustrup, Flemming [Grundfos Holding A/S, Bjerringbro (Denmark)
We did a numerical study of the internal flow field of a vortex pump. Five operating points were considered and validated through a measured characteristic curve. The internal flow pattern of a vortex pump was analyzed and compared to the Hamel-Oseen vortex model. The calculated flow field was assessed with respect to the circumferential velocity, the vorticity and the axial velocity. Whereas the trajectories of the circumferential velocity were largely in line with the Hamel-Oseen vortex model, the opposite was true for vorticity. Only the vorticity at strong part load was in line with the predictions of the Hamel-Oseen vortex model. We therefore compared the circumferential velocity and vorticity for strong part load operation to the analytical predictions of the Hamel-Oseen vortex model. The simulated values were below the analytical values. The study therefore suggests that a vortex similar to the Hamel-Oseen vortex is only present at the strong part load operation.
Influence of isolated or simultaneous application of electromyostimulation and vibration on leg blood flow.
Menéndez, Héctor; Martín-Hernández, Juan; Ferrero, Cristina; Figueroa, Arturo; Herrero, Azael J; Marín, Pedro J
The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of isolated or simultaneously applied whole-body vibration (WBV) and electromyostimulation (ES) on the popliteal arterial blood velocity and skin temperature (ST) of the calf. Thirteen healthy males were assessed in five different sessions. After a familiarization session, four interventions were applied in random order; WBV, ES, simultaneous WBV and ES (WBV+ES), and 30 s of WBV followed by 30 s of ES (WBV30/ES30). Each intervention consisted of 10 sets × 1 min ON + 1 min OFF. The subject was standing on the vibration platform (squat position, 30° knee flexion, 26 Hz, 5 mm peak-to-peak), and ES was applied on the gastrocnemius of both the legs (8 Hz, 400 µs). The WBV+ES intervention was the only one that maintained the mean blood velocity (MBV) elevated above baseline during the 10 sets, from set-1 (134.6 % p < 0.01) to set-10 (112.6 % p < 0.05). The combined interventions were the only ones that maintained the peak blood velocity (PBV) elevated above baseline during all the sets, from set-1 (113.5 % p < 0.001) to set-10 (88.8 % p < 0.01) and from set-1 (58.4 % p < 0.01) to set-10 (49.1 % p < 0.05) for WBV+ES and WBV30/ES30, respectively. The simultaneous application of WBV and ES produced a general greater increase in MBV and PBV than the application of each method alone or consecutive. This novel methodological proposal could be interesting in different fields such as sports or the rehabilitation process of different pathologies, to achieve an enhanced peripheral blood flow.
Simulated water sources and effects of pumping on surface and ground water, Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Walter, Donald A.; Whealan, Ann T.
The sandy sediments underlying Cape Cod, Massachusetts, compose an important aquifer that is the sole source of water for a region undergoing rapid development. Population increases and urbanization on Cape Cod lead to two primary environmental effects that relate directly to water supply: (1) adverse effects of land use on the quality of water in the aquifer and (2) increases in pumping that can adversely affect environmentally sensitive surface waters, such as ponds and streams. These considerations are particularly important on the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, which underlie the largest and most populous areas on Cape Cod. Numerical models of the two flow lenses were developed to simulate ground-water-flow conditions in the aquifer and to (1) delineate areas at the water table contributing water to wells and (2) estimate the effects of pumping and natural changes in recharge on surface waters. About 350 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water recharges the aquifer at the water table in this area; most water (about 65 percent) discharges at the coast and most of the remaining water (about 28 percent) discharges into streams. A total of about 24.9 Mgal/d, or about 7 percent, of water in the aquifer is withdrawn for water supply; most pumped water is returned to the hydrologic system as return flow creating a state of near mass balance in the aquifer. Areas at the water table that contribute water directly to production wells total about 17 square miles; some water (about 10 percent) pumped from the wells flows through ponds prior to reaching the wells. Current (2003) steady-state pumping reduces simulated ground-water levels in some areas by more than 4 feet; projected (2020) pumping may reduce water levels by an additional 3 feet or more in these same areas. Current (2003) and future (2020) pumping reduces total streamflow by about 4 and 9 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), corresponding to about 5 percent and 9 percent, respectively, of total streamflow
The Sponge Pump: The Role of Current Induced Flow in the Design of the Sponge Body Plan
Leys, Sally P.; Yahel, Gitai; Reidenbach, Matthew A.; Tunnicliffe, Verena; Shavit, Uri; Reiswig, Henry M.
Sponges are suspension feeders that use flagellated collar-cells (choanocytes) to actively filter a volume of water equivalent to many times their body volume each hour. Flow through sponges is thought to be enhanced by ambient current, which induces a pressure gradient across the sponge wall, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Studies of sponge filtration have estimated the energetic cost of pumping to be sponge Aphrocallistes vastus at a 150 m deep reef in situ and in a flow flume; we also modeled the glass sponge filtration system from measurements of the aquiferous system. Excurrent flow from the sponge osculum measured in situ and in the flume were positively correlated (r>0.75) with the ambient current velocity. During short bursts of high ambient current the sponges filtered two-thirds of the total volume of water they processed daily. Our model indicates that the head loss across the sponge collar filter is 10 times higher than previously estimated. The difference is due to the resistance created by a fine protein mesh that lines the collar, which demosponges also have, but was so far overlooked. Applying our model to the in situ measurements indicates that even modest pumping rates require an energetic expenditure of at least 28% of the total in situ respiration. We suggest that due to the high cost of pumping, current-induced flow is highly beneficial but may occur only in thin walled sponges living in high flow environments. Our results call for a new look at the mechanisms underlying current-induced flow and for reevaluation of the cost of biological pumping and its evolutionary role, especially in sponges. PMID:22180779
An Early Warning System from debris flows based on ground vibration monitoring data
Arattano, Massimo; Coviello, Velio
-2014. The algorithm is based on the real time processing of ground vibration data detected by three vertical geophones. During the testing period, two debris flow events occurred that were both correctly detected by the algorithm with a relatively limited number of false alarms.
A study of unsteady physiological magneto-fluid flow and heat transfer through a finite length channel by peristaltic pumping.
Tripathi, Dharmendra; Bég, O Anwar
Magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic flows arise in controlled magnetic drug targeting, hybrid haemodynamic pumps and biomagnetic phenomena interacting with the human digestive system. Motivated by the objective of improving an understanding of the complex fluid dynamics in such flows, we consider in the present article the transient magneto-fluid flow and heat transfer through a finite length channel by peristaltic pumping. Reynolds number is small enough and the wavelength to diameter ratio is large enough to negate inertial effects. Analytical solutions for temperature field, axial velocity, transverse velocity, pressure gradient, local wall shear stress, volume flowrate and averaged volume flowrate are obtained. The effects of the transverse magnetic field, Grashof number and thermal conductivity on the flow patterns induced by peristaltic waves (sinusoidal propagation along the length of channel) are studied using graphical plots. The present study identifies that greater pressure is required to propel the magneto-fluid by peristaltic pumping in comparison to a non-conducting Newtonian fluid, whereas, a lower pressure is required if heat transfer is effective. The analytical solutions further provide an important benchmark for future numerical simulations.
Statistical simulation of the flow of vibrationally preexcited hydrogen in a shock tube and the possibility of physical detonation
Kulikov, S. V.; Chervonnaya, N. A.; Ternovaya, O. N.
The direct simulation Monte Carlo method is used to numerically simulate the problem of the shock wave front in vibrationally excited hydrogen flowing in the low-pressure channel of a shock tube. It is assumed that the vibrational temperature of the hydrogen equals 3000 K. The cases of partially and completely excited hydrogen are considered. Equilibrium hydrogen is applied as a pusher gas, but its concentration is 50 times higher than the hydrogen concentration in the low-pressure channel. In addition, the strength of the shock wave is varied by heating the pusher gas. It has been shown that, if the prestored vibrational energy is weakly converted to translational energy, the shock wave slows down over time. If the energy conversion is sufficiently intense, when the pusher gas is warm and only completely vibrationally excited hydrogen is in the low-pressure channel, the wave gains speed over time (its velocity increases roughly by a factor of 1.5). This causes physical detonation, in which case the parameters of the wave become dependent on the vibrational-to-thermal energy conversion and independent of the way of its initiation.
Design of a PC Based Mass Flow Indicator of an Electrical Motor Driven Water Lift Pump Using Motor Load Current as the Flow Sensing Parameter
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Full Text Available Mass flow rate of liquid at the outlet of a liquid lift pump is an important parameter to be measured and controlled in a process industry. In the present paper, the design of a PC based mass flow indicator of an electrical motor driven water lift pump using motor load current as the mass flow sensing parameter has been studied. The motor load current has been sensed by an opto-isolator based circuit and the output of this circuit has been displayed in a PC monitor using Labtech Note Book Pro software. A theoretical equation relating the output of opto-isolator circuit with mass flow rate has been derived and experimental study has been carried out to verify this theoretical equation, assuming the volume flow rate of water at constant room temperature to be proportional to mass flow rate. The experimental results are presented in the paper. It has been observed that the opto-isolator output and the on-line display in PC monitor both vary almost linearly with mass flow rate. Percentage deviation of the experimental results from ideal linearity and repeatability in terms of standard deviation are found to be within tolerable limit.
Two-phase numerical study of the flow field formed in water pump sump: influence of air entrainment
Bayeul-Lainé, A. C.; Simonet, S.; Bois, G.; Issa, A.
In a pump sump it is imperative that the amount of non-homogenous flow and entrained air be kept to a minimum. Free air-core vortex occurring at a water-intake pipe is an important problem encountered in hydraulic engineering. These vortices reduce pump performances, may have large effects on the operating conditions and lead to increase plant operating costs.This work is an extended study starting from 2006 in LML and published by ISSA and al. in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Several cases of sump configuration have been numerically investigated using two specific commercial codes and based on the initial geometry proposed by Constantinescu and Patel. Fluent and Star CCM+ codes are used in the previous studies. The results, obtained with a structured mesh, were strongly dependant on main geometrical sump configuration such as the suction pipe position, the submergence of the suction pipe on one hand and the turbulence model on the other hand. Part of the results showed a good agreement with experimental investigations already published. Experiments, conducted in order to select best positions of the suction pipe of a water-intake sump, gave qualitative results concerning flow disturbances in the pump-intake related to sump geometries and position of the pump intake. The purpose of this paper is to reproduce the flow pattern of experiments and to confirm the geometrical parameter that influences the flow structure in such a pump. The numerical model solves the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and VOF multiphase model. STAR CCM+ with an adapted mesh configuration using hexahedral mesh with prism layer near walls was used. Attempts have been made to calculate two phase unsteady flow for stronger mass flow rates and stronger submergence with low water level in order to be able to capture air entrainment. The results allow the knowledge of some limits of numerical models, of mass flow rates and of submergences for air entrainment. In the validation of this
Vibration transmission through periodic structures using a mobility power flow approach
Cuschieri, J. M.
The transmission of vibrational power (time averaged) through multiple coupled (periodic) structures is examined. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain and the coupling between the sub-elements of the periodic structure is expressed in terms of structural mobility functions for the junction points and between the junction points of the sub-elements. Equal length spans between stiffeners or supports of the periodic structure are considered. Through the use of the mobility power flow approach, the influence of sub-element and junction parameters, including damping at the joints, can be investigated. The results from the analysis can be in the form of either structural intensity or alternatively structural power content for each of the sub-elements. The examples discussed are for a thin, perfectly periodic beam with a finite number of spans with different types of stiffeners and/or supports between the spans. The excitation of the structure is by a point load located midway along the first span.
Water pumping and analysis of flow in burrowing zoobenthos - a short overview
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Riisgård, Hans Ulrik; Larsen, Poul Scheel
of water layers at the sea bed with the layers above where food particle concentrations are relatively higher. Following a brief summary of types of burrowing benthic animals, common methods for measuring pumping rates are described along with examples. For estimating the required pump pressure, biofluid...
Pumping machinery theory and practice
Badr, Hassan M
Pumping Machinery Theory and Practice comprehensively covers the theoretical foundation and applications of pumping machinery. Key features: Covers characteristics of centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps and displacement pumpsConsiders pumping machinery performance and operational-type problemsCovers advanced topics in pumping machinery including multiphase flow principles, and two and three-phase flow pumping systemsCovers different methods of flow rate control and relevance to machine efficiency and energy consumptionCovers different methods of flow rate control and relevance to machine effi
Flow-Induced Pulsation and Vibration in Hydroelectric Machinery Engineer's Guidebook for Planning, Design and Troubleshooting
Dörfler, Peter; Coutu, André
Since the 1970's, an increasing amount of specialized research has focused on the problems created by instability of internal flow in hydroelectric power plants. However, progress in this field is hampered by the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, between fluid mechanics, structural mechanics and hydraulic transients. Flow-induced Pulsation and Vibration in Hydroelectric Machinery provides a compact guidebook explaining the many different underlying physical mechanisms and their possible effects. Typical phenomena are described to assist in the proper diagnosis of problems and various key strategies for solution are compared and considered with support from practical experience and real-life examples. The link between state-of the-art CFD computation and notorious practical problems is discussed and quantitative data is provided on normal levels of vibration and pulsation so realistic limits can be set for future projects. Current projects are also addressed as the possibilities and limitatio...
Symposium on Flow-Induced Vibrations Held in New Orleans, Louisiana on 9-14 December 1984. Volume 1. Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies in Cross Flow
goes back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci , and even to the first mention in anticuity of the wind-induced vibration and sound of the Aeolian harp...Cylinder material Investigator( s ) A Flexible Water PVC King (1977T - *cantilever PVC Aluminum Stainle3s steel 0 Pivoted Water Brass Vickery and rigid...case of flexible, cylindrical marine structures by Griffin (41 in a study of OTEC cold water pipe vibra- tions. Measurements of the drag coefficient
Elimination of flow-induced pulsations and vibrations in a process installation: a combination of on site measurements, calculations and scale modeling
Bokhorst, E. van; Peters, M.C.A.M.
The aim of the work described in this paper was to trace and eliminate vibration sources in a low pressure system with high flow velocities. Considerable vibration on the pipe system between a flashing vessel (6.5 m diameter) and heat-exchangers resulted in fatigue failure, leakage and subsequent
Study of the Internal Flow and Evaporation Characteristic Inside a Water Droplet on a Vertical Vibrating Hydrophobic Surface
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Park, Chang-Seok; Lim, Hee-Chang [Pusan Nat'l Univ., Busan (Korea, Republic of)
Thermal Marangoni flow has been observed inside droplets on heated surfaces, finally resulting in a coffee stain effect. This study aims to visualize and control the thermal Marangoni flow by employing periodic vertical vibration. The variations in the contact angle and internal volume of the droplet as it evaporates is observed by using a combination of continuous light and a still camera. With regard to the internal velocity, the particle image velocimetry system is applied to visualize the internal thermal Marangoni flow. In order to estimate the internal temperature gradient and surface tension on the surface of a droplet, the theoretical model based on the conduction and convection theory of heat transfer is applied. Thus, the internal velocity increases with an increase in plate temperature. The flow directions of the Marangoni and gravitational flows are opposite, and hence, it may be possible to control the coffee stain effect.
Flow induced vibrations of the CLIC X-Band accelerating structures
Charles, Tessa; Boland, Mark; Riddone, Germana; Samoshkin, Alexandre
Turbulent cooling water in the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) accelerating structures will inevitably induce some vibrations. The maximum acceptable amplitude of vibrations is small, as vibrations in the accelerating structure could lead to beam jitter and alignment difficulties. A Finite Element Analysis model is needed to identify the conditions under which turbulent instabilities and significant vibrations are induced. Due to the orders of magnitude difference between the fluid motion and the structure's motion, small vibrations of the structure will not contribute to the turbulence of the cooling fluid. Therefore the resonant conditions of the cooling channels presented in this paper, directly identify the natural frequencies of the accelerating structures to be avoided under normal operating conditions. In this paper a 2D model of the cooling channel is presented finding spots of turbulence being formed from a shear layer instability. This effect is observed through direct visualization and wavelet ana...
Characteristic analysis on the pressure fluctuation in the impeller of a low specific speed mixed flow pump
Zhang, W. W.; Yu, Z. Y.; Zhu, B. S.
To explore the pressure fluctuation characteristics of a low speed specific speed mixed flow pump caused by rotor-stator interaction, the unsteady flow was simulated with CFX for the whole flow passage of a mixed flow pump with a specific speed of 148.8. The structured mesh of the computation domain was generated with ICEM CFD and TurboGrid, and mesh-independent analysis was done in the design condition. Through the comparison with the experiment data, the reliability of the simulation was verified. In different locations of the impeller passage, monitoring points were set. With Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the characteristic analysis on the pressure fluctuation in the impeller passage was done for three flow rate conditions (0.75Qd, Qd, 1.25Qd). The results show that the pressure fluctuation amplitude increases from the inlet to the outlet. And the maximum values in different flow rates exist near the hub of the outlet; The pressure fluctuation is small in the design condition, but the largest in the small flow rate condition, accompanied by the secondary dominant frequencies with large amplitudes; In the small flow rate condition and design condition, the dominant frequency varies from the inlet to the outlet because the combine action of the impeller and guide vane; while in the large flow rate condition, the pressure fluctuation in the whole impeller passage is affected significantly by the guide vane, and the domain frequency is 8 times the rotational frequency of impeller. In addition, the change of pressure fluctuation from the pressure surface to the suction surface in the off-design conditions is investigated, and the results demonstrates that the intensity of the pressure fluctuation in the impeller passage is closely related with the impeller as well as the distribution of the vorticity and the pressure.
Flow reversal at low voltage and low frequency in a microfabricated ac electrokinetic pump
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gregersen, Misha Marie; Olesen, Laurits Højgaard; Brask, Anders
Microfluidic chips have been fabricated in Pyrex glass to study electrokinetic pumping generated by a low-voltage ac bias applied to an in-channel asymmetric metallic electrode array. A measurement procedure has been established and followed carefully resulting in a high degree of reproducibility...... of the measurements over several days. A large coverage fraction of the electrode array in the microfluidic channels has led to an increased sensitivity allowing for pumping measurements at low bias voltages. Depending on the ionic concentration a hitherto unobserved reversal of the pumping direction has been...
Chronic effects of simultaneous electromyostimulation and vibration on leg blood flow in spinal cord injury.
Menéndez, H; Ferrero, C; Martín-Hernández, J; Figueroa, A; Marín, P J; Herrero, A J
Randomized two-group parallel. The objective of this study was to analyze the adaptations on the popliteal artery (mean blood velocity (MBV), peak blood velocity (PBV), arterial resting diameter (RD) and blood flow (BF)) induced by 12 weeks of simultaneous application of whole-body vibration and electromyostimulation (WBV+ES) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Secondarily, the musculoskeletal effects of this therapy on the gastrocnemius muscle thickness (MT) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed. Valladolid, Spain. Seventeen SCI patients (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) A or B) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG=9) or the control group (CG=8). Each subject was assessed in four different occasions: at baseline, after 6 weeks (Post-6) and 12 weeks of the treatment (Post-12) and 8 weeks after the end of the treatment (Post-20). Subjects in the EG performed 30 10-min sessions of WBV+ES during 12 weeks. In the EG, RD increased compared with the baseline value at Post-6 (9.5%, P<0.01), Post-12 (19.0%, P<0.001) and Post-20 (16.7%, P<0.001). Similarly, in the EG, BF increased compared with the baseline value and with CG only at Post-12 ((33.9%, P<0.01) and (72.5%, P<0.05), respectively). Similarly, WBV+ES increased the MT of the gastrocnemius. BMD of both hips remained invariable during the study. CG showed no change at any point. WBV+ES improved popliteal artery BF, RD and MT after 12 weeks in SCI patients. This increase in RD remained above baseline after 8 weeks. The combination of WBV and ES could be considered a promising alternative to reverse the musculoskeletal atrophy and improve peripheral vascular properties in SCI patients.
Experimental study on flow-induced vibration of propeller blades under non-uniform inflow
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
LI Jing
Full Text Available [Objectives] This article presents an experimental study of the flow-induced vibration of propeller blades under periodic inflow, and the dependence of the response on its modes.[Methods] Two seven-bladed highly skewed model propellers of identical proportions but different material are operated in four-cycle and six-cycle inflows to produce a blade vibratory strain response. Two kinds of wire mesh wake screens located 400 mm upstream of the propeller plane are used to generate the four-cycle and six-cycle inflows. A laser Doppler velocimetry system located 100 mm downstream of the wake screen plane is used to measure the axial velocity distributions produced by the wake screens. Strain gauges are attached to the propeller blades at different positions. The data from the strain gauges quantifies the excitation frequencies induced by the wake screens. It is shown that the response will reach peak axial propeller frequency, four times axial propeller frequency and six times axial propeller frequency under uniform inflow, four-cycle inflow and six-cycle inflow respectively.[Results] The effect of resonance on the vibratory strain response is revealed. When six times axial propeller frequency induced by six-cycle inflow coincides with the natural frequency of a flexible propeller, the response of the propeller is at its greatest.[Conclusions] This research reveals that when designing a propeller, it is not sufficient to only focus on its hydrodynamic properties; the effects of the modes of the propeller should also be considered.
Vortex dynamics and flow-induced vibrations arising from a vortex ring passing tangentially over a flexible plate
Pirnia, Alireza; Hu, JiaCheng; Peterson, Sean D.; Erath, Byron D.
The extraction of energy from vortical structures advecting through an ambient environment is a topic of interest due to the potential to power miniature in situ sensors and monitors. This work investigates the vortex dynamics and flow-induced vibrations of a flexible plate arising from a vortex ring passing tangentially over it. Experimental measurements of the flow field and plate dynamics are performed in tandem with a coupled potential flow/Kirchhoff-Love plate model in order to (i) elucidate the physics of the vortex-plate interactions in the specified orientation and relate the energy exchange between the ring and the plate to the attendant vortex dynamics; (ii) validate the potential flow model and provide any needed corrections to account for the simplifying assumptions; and (iii) provide empirical data for estimating energy harvesting capabilities in the specified orientation. The plate loading arises as a result of an initial down-wash, followed quickly by a region of reduced pressure as the vortex core passes over the plate. The fundamental physics of the interaction is discussed, identifying three regimes. When the centerline of the vortex ring is positioned greater than approximately 2 vortex ring radii away from the plate it can be considered to be in the far-field, and the resulting vibrations are well predicted through potential flow, once the plate dynamics are corrected for edge effects arising from a finite plate width. As the offset distance of the vortex ring is decreased, diffusion of induced vorticity on the plate into the flow field significantly alters the fluid dynamics, pressure loading, and the resultant plate dynamics, and dramatically increases the strain energy in comparison with the potential flow model predictions. A first-order correction to the potential flow model is proposed to account for the finite plate width, while empirical correlations are presented for the plate strain energy in cases where ring/induced vorticity
Insights on pumping well interpretation from flow dimension analysis: The learnings of a multi-context field database
Ferroud, Anouck; Chesnaux, Romain; Rafini, Silvain
The flow dimension parameter n, derived from the Generalized Radial Flow model, is a valuable tool to investigate the actual flow regimes that really occur during a pumping test rather than suppose them to be radial, as postulated by the Theis-derived models. A numerical approach has shown that, when the flow dimension is not radial, using the derivative analysis rather than the conventional Theis and Cooper-Jacob methods helps to estimate much more accurately the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Although n has been analysed in numerous studies including field-based studies, there is a striking lack of knowledge about its occurrence in nature and how it may be related to the hydrogeological setting. This study provides an overview of the occurrence of n in natural aquifers located in various geological contexts including crystalline rock, carbonate rock and granular aquifers. A comprehensive database is compiled from governmental and industrial sources, based on 69 constant-rate pumping tests. By means of a sequential analysis approach, we systematically performed a flow dimension analysis in which straight segments on drawdown-log derivative time series are interpreted as successive, specific and independent flow regimes. To reduce the uncertainties inherent in the identification of n sequences, we used the proprietary SIREN code to execute a dual simultaneous fit on both the drawdown and the drawdown-log derivative signals. Using the stated database, we investigate the frequency with which the radial and non-radial flow regimes occur in fractured rock and granular aquifers, and also provide outcomes that indicate the lack of applicability of Theis-derived models in representing nature. The results also emphasize the complexity of hydraulic signatures observed in nature by pointing out n sequential signals and non-integer n values that are frequently observed in the database.
Simulation of the effects of seasonally varying pumping on intraborehole flow and the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination
Yager, Richard M.; Heywood, Charles E.
Public-supply wells with long screens in alluvial aquifers can produce waters of differing quality from different depths. Seasonal changes in quality are linked to seasonal changes in pumping rates that influence the distribution of flow into the well screens under pumping conditions and the magnitude and direction of intraborehole flow within the wells under ambient conditions. Groundwater flow and transport simulations with MODFLOW and MT3DMS were developed to quantify the effects of changes in average seasonal pumping rates on intraborehole flow and water quality at two long-screened, public-supply wells, in Albuquerque, New Mexico and Modesto, California, where widespread pumping has altered groundwater flow patterns. Simulation results indicate that both wells produce water requiring additional treatment to maintain potable quality in winter when groundwater withdrawals are reduced because less water is derived from parts of the aquifer that contain water requiring less treatment. Simulation results indicate that the water quality at both wells could be improved by increasing average winter-pumping rates to induce more lateral flow from parts of the aquifer that contain better quality water. Arsenic-bearing water produced by the Albuquerque well could be reduced from 55% to 45% by doubling average winter-pumping rate, while nitrate- and uranium-bearing water produced by the Modesto well could be reduced from 95% to 65% by nearly tripling the average winter-pumping rate. Higher average winter-pumping rates would also reduce the volume of intraborehole flow within both wells and prevent the exchange of poor quality water between shallow and deep parts of both aquifers.
Simulation of the effects of seasonally varying pumping on intraborehole flow and the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination.
Yager, Richard M; Heywood, Charles E
Public-supply wells with long screens in alluvial aquifers can produce waters of differing quality from different depths. Seasonal changes in quality are linked to seasonal changes in pumping rates that influence the distribution of flow into the well screens under pumping conditions and the magnitude and direction of intraborehole flow within the wells under ambient conditions. Groundwater flow and transport simulations with MODFLOW and MT3DMS were developed to quantify the effects of changes in average seasonal pumping rates on intraborehole flow and water quality at two long-screened, public-supply wells, in Albuquerque, New Mexico and Modesto, California, where widespread pumping has altered groundwater flow patterns. Simulation results indicate that both wells produce water requiring additional treatment to maintain potable quality in winter when groundwater withdrawals are reduced because less water is derived from parts of the aquifer that contain water requiring less treatment. Simulation results indicate that the water quality at both wells could be improved by increasing average winter-pumping rates to induce more lateral flow from parts of the aquifer that contain better quality water. Arsenic-bearing water produced by the Albuquerque well could be reduced from 55% to 45% by doubling average winter-pumping rate, while nitrate- and uranium-bearing water produced by the Modesto well could be reduced from 95% to 65% by nearly tripling the average winter-pumping rate. Higher average winter-pumping rates would also reduce the volume of intraborehole flow within both wells and prevent the exchange of poor quality water between shallow and deep parts of both aquifers. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Groundwater published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf ofNational Ground Water Association.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
I. V. Bykov
Full Text Available Aim. The presented research uncovers the using of mathematical modeling methods for cardio-vascular system and axial blood pump interaction analysis under heart failure with combined valve pathology. The research will pro- vide data for automated pump control algorithm synthesis. Materials and methods. Mathematical model is build up by using experiments results from mock cardio-vascular circulation loop and mathematical representation of Newtonian fluid dynamics in pulsing circulation loop. The model implemented in modeling environment Simulink (Matlab. Results. Authors implemented mathematical model which describe cardio-vascular system and left-ven- tricular assistive device interaction for intact conditions. Values of parameters for intact conditions were acquired in the experiments on animals with implanted axial pump, experiments were conducted in FRCTAO. The model was verified by comparison of instantaneous blood flowrate values in experiments and in model. Conclusion. The paper present implemented mathematical model of cardio-vascular system and axial pump interaction for intact conditions, where the pump connected between left ventricle and aorta. In the next part of research authors will use the presented model to evaluate using the biotechnical system in conditions of heart failure and valve pathology.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Greene, R.H.; Casada, D.A.; Ayers, C.W. [and others
This Phase II Nuclear Plant Aging Research study examines the methods of detecting pump degradation that are currently employed in domestic and overseas nuclear facilities. This report evaluates the criteria mandated by required pump testing at U.S. nuclear power plants and compares them to those features characteristic of state-of-the-art diagnostic programs and practices currently implemented by other major industries. Since the working condition of the pump driver is crucial to pump operability, a brief review of new applications of motor diagnostics is provided that highlights recent developments in this technology. The routine collection and analysis of spectral data is superior to all other technologies in its ability to accurately detect numerous types and causes of pump degradation. Existing ASME Code testing criteria do not require the evaluation of pump vibration spectra but instead overall vibration amplitude. The mechanical information discernible from vibration amplitude analysis is limited, and several cases of pump failure were not detected in their early stages by vibration monitoring. Since spectral analysis can provide a wealth of pertinent information concerning the mechanical condition of rotating machinery, its incorporation into ASME testing criteria could merit a relaxation in the monthly-to-quarterly testing schedules that seek to verify and assure pump operability. Pump drivers are not included in the current battery of testing. Operational problems thought to be caused by pump degradation were found to be the result of motor degradation. Recent advances in nonintrusive monitoring techniques have made motor diagnostics a viable technology for assessing motor operability. Motor current/power analysis can detect rotor bar degradation and ascertain ranges of hydraulically unstable operation for a particular pump and motor set. The concept of using motor current or power fluctuations as an indicator of pump hydraulic load stability is presented.
Study on unsteady tip leakage vortex cavitation in an axial-flow pump using an improved filter-based model
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, Desheng; Shi, Lei; Zhao, Ruijie; Shi, Weidong; Pan, Qiang [Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang (China); Esch, B. P. [Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (Netherlands)
The aim of the present investigation is to simulate and analyze the tip leakage flow structure and instantaneous evolution of tip vortex cavitation in a scaled axial-flow pump model. The improved filter-based turbulence model based on the density correction and a homogeneous cavitation model were used for implementing this work. The results show that when entering into the tip clearance, the backward flow separates from the blade tip near the pressure side, resulting in the generation of a corner vortex with high magnitude of turbulence kinetic energy. Then, at the exit of the tip clearance, the leakage jets would re-attach on the blade tip wall. Moreover, the maximum swirling strength method was employed in identifying the TLV core and a counter-rotating induced vortex near the end-wall successfully. The three dimensional cavitation patterns and in-plain cavitation structures obtained by the improved numerical method agree well with the experimental results. At the sheet cavitation trailing edge in the tip region, the perpendicular cavitation cloud induced by TLV sheds and migrates toward the pressure side of the neighboring blade. During its migration, it breaks down abruptly and generates a large number of smallscale cavities, leading to severe degradation of the pump performance, which is similar with the phenomenon observed by Tan et al.
Experimental investigation on predictive models for motive flow calculation through ejectors for transcritical CO2 heat pumps
Boccardi, G.; Lillo, G.; Mastrullo, R.; Mauro, A. W.; Saraceno, L.; Pieve, M.; Trinchieri, R.
Nowadays, air conditioning systems, especially those used in residential and office buildings, contribute largely to the energy consumptions and to the direct and indirect emissions of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an interesting option to replace traditional HFCs in vapor compression systems, due to its environmentally friendly characteristics: zero ODP and extremely low GWP. In the case of heat pumps, the use of ejection systems for the expansion phase can contribute to recovery a fraction of the mechanical energy otherwise dissipated as friction, bringing to significant benefits in terms of performance. Currently, at the laboratory DTE-PCU-SPCT of the research center ENEA (Casaccia) in cooperation with the Industrial Engineering Department of Federico II University of Naples, a project is in progress, in order to evaluate experimentally the effect of several ejectors geometries on the global performance of a CO2 heat pump working with a transcritical cycle. As a part of this project, measurements of the motive flow mass flow rate have been carried out, in transcritical CO2 conditions. The ejector sizing is a crucial point for the balancing of components and the correct operation of the CO2 heat pump and therefore the availability of reliable calculation methods for the motive flowrate would be useful. This paper presents the results obtained by a comparison between the new experimental data and the predictions of some predictive semi-empirical correlations available in the open literature for transcritical CO2 conditions. Their predictions are analyzed as a function of the main physical parameters of the process to assess their reliability compared to the experimental data. Based on these indications and of the available experimental data, a new semi-empirical correlations and a calculation method based on the hypothesis of isentropic and choked two-phase flow are presented.
Hydraulic development of high specific-speed pump-turbines by means of an inverse design method, numerical flow-simulation (CFD) and model testing
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kerschberger, P; Gehrer, A, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Andritz Hydro Graz A-8045 Graz, Reichsstrasse 68B (Austria)
In recent years an increased interest in pump-turbines has been recognized in the market. The rapid availability of pumped storage schemes and the benefits to the power system by peak lopping, providing reserve and rapid response for frequency control are becoming of growing advantage. In that context it is requested to develop pump-turbines that reliably stand dynamic operation modes, fast changes of the discharge rate by adjusting the variable diffuser vanes as well as fast changes from pump to turbine operation. Within the present study various flow patterns linked to the operation of a pump-turbine system are discussed. In that context pump and turbine mode are presented separately and different load cases at both operation modes are shown. In order to achieve modern, competitive pump-turbine designs it is further explained which design challenges should be considered during the geometry definition of a pump-turbine impeller. Within the present study a runner-blade profile for a low head pump-turbine has been developed. For the initial hydraulic runner-blade design, an inverse design method has been applied. Within this design procedure, a first blade geometry is generated by imposing the pressure loading-distribution and by means of an inverse 3D potential-flow-solution. The hydraulic behavior of both, pump-mode and turbine-mode is then evaluated by solving the full 3D Navier-Stokes equations in combination with a robust turbulence model. Based on this initial design the blade profile has been further optimized and redesigned considering various hydraulic pump-turbine requirements. Finally, the progress in hydraulic design is demonstrated by model test results which show a significant improvement in hydraulic performance compared to an existing reference design.
Effect of sound-absorbing coatings on the disturbance evolution in a flow of a mixture of vibrationally excited gases
Reshetova, A. I.; Poplavskaya, T. V.; Kirilovskiy, S. V.; Tsyrulnikov, I. S.
The flow around a solid plate and a plate with a sound-absorbing coating at a non-zero angle of attack in a hypersonic flow (M∞=8.44) of a mixture of vibrationally excited carbon dioxide and nitrogen is considered. Numerical simulations are performed by solving two-dimensional unsteady Navier–Stokes equations with a two-temperature model of relaxing flows. The vibrational energy as a function of time is defined by the Landau–Teller equation. A skeleton model, which is a set of square elements arranged in a staggered order, is used for simulating the porous coating made of foamed nickel with a porosity coefficient of 95%. The distance between the elements is equal to the pore diameter of the real sound-absorbing material. Data on the evolution of disturbances on the solid plate and on the plate with the sound-absorbing coating are presented for various angles of attack and CO2 concentrations in the mixture. The experimental and calculated data on pressure fluctuations on the plate surfaces are found to be in good agreement. The effects of various parameters of the sound-absorbing coating (depth, length, and location at the flat plate) are considered. It is shown that the sound-absorbing coating significantly reduces the intensity of pressure fluctuations on the plate surface as compared to the solid surface (up to 50% depending on the length and location of the sound-absorbing coating).
AIR FLOW AND ENVIRONMENTAL WIND VISUALIZATION USING A CW DIODE PUMPED FREQUENCY DOUBLED Nd:YAG Laser
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mircea UDREA
Full Text Available Preliminary results obtained in developing a visualisation technique for non-invasive analysis of air flow inside INCAS subsonic wind tunnel and its appendages are presented. The visualisation technique is based on using a green light sheet generated by a continuous wave (cw longitudinally diode pumped and frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. The output laser beam is expanded on one direction and collimated on rectangular direction. The system is tailored to the requirements of qualitative analysis and vortex tracking requirements inside the INCAS 2.5m x 2.0m subsonic wind tunnel test section, for measurements performed on aircraft models. Also the developed laser techniques is used for non-invasive air flow field analysis into environmental facilities settling room (air flow calming area. Quantitative analysis is enabled using special image processing tools upon movies and pictures obtained during the experiments. The basic experimental layout in the wind tunnel takes advantage of information obtained from the investigation of various aircraft models using the developed visualisation technique. These results are further developed using a Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV experimental technique.The focus is on visualisation techniques to be used for wind flow characterization at different altitudes in indus-trial and civil buildings areas using a light sheet generated by a Nd:YAG cw pumped and doubled laser at 532 nm wave-length. The results are important for prevention of biological/chemical disasters such as spreading of extremely toxic pol-lutants due to wind. Numerical simulations of wind flow and experimental visualisation results are compared. A good agreement between these results is observed.
Sound Radiation and Vibration of Composite Panels Excited by Turbulent Flow: Analytical Prediction and Analysis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Joana Rocha
structures, in parts where aluminum panels were traditionally being used. An original mathematical framework is presented for the prediction of noise and vibration for composite panels. Results show the effect of panel size, thickness of core, and thickness of face layers on the predictions. Smaller composite panels generally produced lower levels of sound and vibration than longer and wider composite panels. Compared with isotropic panels, the composite panels analyzed generated lower noise levels, although it was observed that noise level was amplified at certain frequencies.
Low-wavenumber turbulent boundary layer wall-pressure measurements from vibration data on a cylinder in pipe flow
Bonness, William K.; Capone, Dean E.; Hambric, Stephen A.
The response of a structure to turbulent boundary layer (TBL) excitation has been an area of research for roughly 50 years, although uncertainties persist surrounding the low-wavenumber levels of the TBL surface pressure spectrum. In this experimental investigation, a cylindrical shell with a smooth internal surface is subjected to TBL excitation from water in fully developed pipe flow. The cylinder's vibration response to this excitation is used to determine low-wavenumber TBL surface pressure levels at lower streamwise wavenumbers than previously reported ( k1/ k cJournal of Sound and Vibration 112(1) (1987) 125-147] and is roughly 23 dB lower than an early TBL model by Corcos [ Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 35(2) (1963) 192-198]. The current data is a few decibels below the lower bound of related measurements in air by Farabee and Geib [ ICIASF '75 Record, 1975, pp. 311-319] and Martin and Leehey [ Journal of Sound and Vibration 52(1) (1977) 95-120]. A simple wavenumber white form for the TBL surface pressure spectrum at low-wavenumber is suggested.
Hydraulic performance numerical simulation of high specific speed mixed-flow pump based on quasi three-dimensional hydraulic design method
Zhang, Y. X.; Su, M.; Hou, H. C.; Song, P. F.
This research adopts the quasi three-dimensional hydraulic design method for the impeller of high specific speed mixed-flow pump to achieve the purpose of verifying the hydraulic design method and improving hydraulic performance. Based on the two families of stream surface theory, the direct problem is completed when the meridional flow field of impeller is obtained by employing iterative calculation to settle the continuity and momentum equation of fluid. The inverse problem is completed by using the meridional flow field calculated in the direct problem. After several iterations of the direct and inverse problem, the shape of impeller and flow field information can be obtained finally when the result of iteration satisfies the convergent criteria. Subsequently the internal flow field of the designed pump are simulated by using RANS equations with RNG k-ε two-equation turbulence model. The static pressure and streamline distributions at the symmetrical cross-section, the vector velocity distribution around blades and the reflux phenomenon are analyzed. The numerical results show that the quasi three-dimensional hydraulic design method for high specific speed mixed-flow pump improves the hydraulic performance and reveal main characteristics of the internal flow of mixed-flow pump as well as provide basis for judging the rationality of the hydraulic design, improvement and optimization of hydraulic model.
Effects of Varied Shear Correction on the Thermal Vibration of Functionally-Graded Material Shells in an Unsteady Supersonic Flow
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Chih Chiang Hong
Full Text Available A model is presented for functionally-graded material (FGM, thick, circular cylindrical shells under an unsteady supersonic flow, following first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT with varied shear correction coefficients. Some interesting vibration results of the dynamics are calculated by using the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ method. The varied shear correction coefficients are usually functions of FGM total thickness, power law index, and environment temperature. Two parametric effects of the environmental temperature and FGM power law index on the thermal stress and center deflection are also presented. The novelty of the paper is that the maximum flutter value of the center deflection amplitude can be predicted and occurs at a high frequency of applied heat flux for a supersonic air flow.
Numerical Calculation of Secondary Flow in Pump Volute and Circular Casings using 3D Viscous Flow Techniques
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
K. Majidi
Full Text Available The flow field in volute and circular casings interacting with a centrifugal impeller is obtained by numerical analysis. In the present study, effects of the volute and circular casings on the flow pattern have been investigated by successively combining a volute casing and a circular casing with a single centrifugal impeller. The numerical calculations are carried out with a multiple frame of reference to predict the flow field inside the entire impeller and casings. The impeller flow field is solved in a rotating frame and the flow field in the casings in a stationary frame. The static pressure and velocity in the casing and impeller, and the static pressures and secondary velocity vectors at several cross-sectional planes of the casings are calculated. The calculations show that the curvature of the casings creates pressure gradients that cause vortices at cross-sectional planes of the casings.
CFD study of the flow pattern in an ultrasonic horn reactor: Introducing a realistic vibrating boundary condition.
Rahimi, Masoud; Movahedirad, Salman; Shahhosseini, Shahrokh
Recently, great attention has been paid to predict the acoustic streaming field distribution inside the sonoreactors, induced by high-power ultrasonic wave generator. The focus of this paper is to model an ultrasonic vibrating horn and study the induced flow pattern with a newly developed moving boundary condition. The numerical simulation utilizes the modified cavitation model along with the "mixture" model for turbulent flow (RNG, k-ε), and a moving boundary condition with an oscillating parabolic-logarithmic profile, applied to the horn tip. This moving-boundary provides the situation in which the center of the horn tip vibrates stronger than that of the peripheral regions. The velocity field obtained by computational fluid dynamic was in a reasonably good agreement with the PIV results. The moving boundary model is more accurate since it better approximates the movement of the horn tip in the ultrasonic assisted process. From an optimizing point of view, the model with the new moving boundary is more suitable than the conventional models for design purposes because the displacement magnitude of the horn tip is the only fitting parameter. After developing and validating the numerical model, the model was utilized to predict various quantities such as cavitation zone, pressure field and stream function that are not experimentally feasible to measure. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An analytical model for flow induced by a constant-head pumping in a leaky unconfined aquifer system with considering unsaturated flow
Lin, Ye-Chen; Li, Ming-Hsu; Yeh, Hund-Der
A new mathematical model is developed to describe the flow in response to a constant-head pumping (or constant-head test, CHT) in a leaky unconfined aquifer system of infinite lateral extent with considering unsaturated flow. The model consists of an unsaturated zone on the top, an unconfined aquifer in the middle, and a second aquifer (aquitard) at the bottom. The unsaturated flow is described by Richard's equation, and the flows in unconfined aquifer and second layer are governed by the groundwater flow equation. The well partially penetrates the unconfined aquifer with a constant head in the well due to CHT. The governing equations of the model are linearized by the perturbation method and Gardner's exponential model is adopted to describe the soil retention curves. The solution of the model for drawdown distribution is obtained by applying the methods of Laplace transform and Weber transform. Then the solution for the wellbore flowrate is derived from the drawdown solution with Darcy's law. The issue of the equivalence of normalized drawdown predicted by the present solution for constant-head pumping and Tartakovsky and Neuman's (2007) solution for constant-rate pumping is discussed. On the basis of the wellbore flowrate solution, the results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the wellbore flowrate is very sensitive to the changes in the radial hydraulic conductivity and the thickness of the saturated zone. Moreover, the results predicted from the present wellbore flowrate solution indicate that this new solution can reduce to Chang's et al. (2010a) solution for homogenous aquifers when the dimensionless unsaturated exponent approaches 100. The unsaturated zone can be considered as infinite extent in the vertical direction if the thickness ratio of the unsaturated zone to the unconfined aquifer is equal to or greater than one. As for the leakage effect, it can be ignored when the vertical hydraulic conductivity ratio (i.e., the vertical hydraulic
Calculating thermal radiation of a vibrational nonequilibrium gas flow using the method of k-distribution
Molchanov, A. M.; Bykov, L. V.; Yanyshev, D. S.
The method has been developed to calculate infrared radiation of vibrational nonequilibrium gas based on k-distribution. A comparison of the data on the calculated nonequilibrium radiation with results of other authors and with experimental data has shown satisfactory agreement. It is shown that the results of calculation of radiation intensity using nonequilibrium and equilibrium methods significantly differ from each other. The discrepancy increases with increasing height (decreasing pressure) and can exceed an order of magnitude.
Laser-induced vibration of a thin soap film.
Emile, Olivier; Emile, Janine
We report on the vibration of a thin soap film based on the optical radiation pressure force. The modulated low power laser induces a counter gravity flow in a vertical free-standing draining film. The thickness of the soap film is then higher in the upper region than in the lower region of the film. Moreover, the lifetime of the film is dramatically increased by a factor of 2. Since the laser beam only acts mechanically on the film interfaces, such a film can be employed in an optofluidic diaphragm pump, the interfaces behaving like a vibrating membrane and the liquid in-between being the fluid to be pumped. Such a pump could then be used in delicate micro-equipment, in chips where temperature variations are detrimental and even in biological systems.
Large-eddy simulations of a mixed-flow pump at off-design conditions
Posa, Antonio; Lippolis, Antonio; Balaras, Elias
Reduced flow-rates in turbopumps produce significant unsteady phenomena, characterized by separation and back-flow. In this study an LES approach coupled with an immersed-boundary methodology is utilized to investigate the changes in the flow physics, when compared to nominal flow-rates. The present methodology has been already validated for the design case through comparison with PIV experiments in the literature. It will be shown that for a reduced flow rate (40% of the design one) separation phenomena are generated on the suction side of the rotor blades and on the pressure side of the stator ones. Significant spanwise non-uniformity is produced in the diffuser channels, with a displacement of the flow towards the hub side and back-flow on the shroud side. The values of turbulent kinetic energy are increased by an order of magnitude at off-design conditions and the main source of turbulence is not anymore the flow from the suction side and the trailing edge of the rotor blades: most turbulence is generated now at the leading edge of the diffuser blades. The increased interaction between rotating and stationary parts implies also a stronger dependence of the flow features on the relative position between impeller and diffuser blades.
Mathematical Modeling of a Blood Flow in Flow Path of the Axial Pump of Ventricular Assist Device
A. M. Guskov; F. D. Sorokin; E. P. Banin; A. E. Krupnin
The research object is an axial left ventricular assist device (LVAD) design such as: straightener, impeller, and diffuser.The objective of the study is to reveal an influence of axial LVAD pump's impeller design factors such as pitch and incidence on head-capacity curves and stagnation and hemolysis zones generation. The mathematical modeling is carried out by computational fluid dynamics analysis in a stationary setting.The study concentrates on mathematical modeling of a blood flow in flow...
Understanding of bridge cable vibrations and the associate flow-field through the full-scale monitoring of vibrations and Wind
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Acampora, Antonio
bridges continuously becoming longer and lighter have resulted in a high number of observations of cable vibrations. A theoretical background for the tool used in this work is presented in terms of cables vibrations mechanisms, aerodynamic damping and system identification techniques. A detailed......-scale monitoring events. Special thanks to Rune Brincker to grant permission to use the material of his newly published book about system identification to form the chapter of this thesis. A special thanks also to Anela Bajeric for granting the permission to use her material about system identification review...... vibrations. The research starts from data collection of cables vibrations of the Øresund Bridge. A dedicated monitoring system was installed to record full-scale data together with wind field measurements and meteorological data, during cables vibrations. Results from the monitoring system are reported...
Pressure Regulator With Internal Ejector Circulation Pump, Flow and Pressure Measurement Porting, and Fuel Cell System Integration Options
Vasquez, Arturo
An advanced reactant pressure regulator with an internal ejector reactant circulation pump has been developed to support NASA's future fuel cell power systems needs. These needs include reliable and safe operation in variable-gravity environments, and for exploration activities with both manned and un manned vehicles. This product was developed for use in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) power plant reactant circulation systems, but the design could also be applied to other fuel cell system types, (e.g., solid-oxide or alkaline) or for other gas pressure regulation and circulation needs. The regulator design includes porting for measurement of flow and pressure at key points in the system, and also includes several fuel cell system integration options. NASA has recognized ejectors as a viable alternative to mechanical pumps for use in spacecraft fuel cell power systems. The ejector motive force is provided by a variable, high-pressure supply gas that travels through the ejector s jet nozzle, whereby the pressure energy of the fluid stream is converted to kinetic energy in the gas jet. The ejector can produce circulation-to-consumption-flow ratios that are relatively high (2-3 times), and this phenomenon can potentially (with proper consideration of the remainder of the fuel cell system s design) be used to provide completely for reactant pre-humidification and product water removal in a fuel cell system. Specifically, a custom pressure regulator has been developed that includes: (1) an ejector reactant circulation pump (with interchangeable jet nozzles and mixer sections, gas-tight sliding and static seals in required locations, and internal fluid porting for pressure-sensing at the regulator's control elements) and (2) internal fluid porting to allow for flow rate and system pressure measurements. The fluid porting also allows for inclusion of purge, relief, and vacuum-breaker check valves on the regulator assembly. In addition, this regulator could also
Experimental study of the vortex-induced vibration of drilling risers under the shear flow with the same shear parameter at the different Reynolds numbers.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mao Liangjie
Full Text Available A considerable number of studies for VIV under the uniform flow have been performed. However, research on VIV under shear flow is scarce. An experiment for VIV under the shear flow with the same shear parameter at the two different Reynolds numbers was conducted in a deep-water offshore basin. Various measurements were obtained by the fiber bragg grating strain sensors. Experimental data were analyzed by modal analysis method. Results show several valuable features. First, the corresponding maximum order mode of the natural frequency for shedding frequency is the maximum dominant vibration mode and multi-modal phenomenon is appeared in VIV under the shear flow, and multi-modal phenomenon is more apparent at the same shear parameter with an increasing Reynolds number under the shear flow effect. Secondly, the riser vibrates at the natural frequency and the dominant vibration frequency increases for the effect of the real-time tension amplitude under the shear flow and the IL vibration frequency is the similar with the CF vibration frequency at the Reynolds number of 1105 in our experimental condition and the IL dominant frequency is twice the CF dominant frequency with an increasing Reynolds number. In addition, the displacement trajectories at the different locations of the riser appear the same shape and the shape is changed at the same shear parameter with an increasing Reynolds number under the shear flow. The diagonal displacement trajectories are observed at the low Reynolds number and the crescent-shaped displacement trajectories appear with an increasing Reynolds number under shear flow in the experiment.
A Multi-Pumping Flow System for In Situ Measurements of Dissolved Manganese in Aquatic Systems
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
David Meyer
Full Text Available A METals In Situ analyzer (METIS has been used to determine dissolved manganese (II concentrations in the subhalocline waters of the Gotland Deep (central Baltic Sea. High-resolution in situ measurements of total dissolved Mn were obtained in near real-time by spectrophotometry using 1-(2-pyridylazo-2-naphthol (PAN. PAN is a complexing agent of dissolved Mn and forms a wine-red complex with a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 562 nm. Results are presented together with ancillary temperature, salinity, and dissolved O 2 data. Lab calibration of the analyzer was performed in a pressure testing tank. A detection limit of 77 nM was obtained. For validation purposes, discrete water samples were taken by using a pump-CTD system. Dissolved Mn in these samples was determined by an independent laboratory based method (inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES. Mn measurements from both METIS and ICP-OES analysis were in good agreement. The results showed that the in situ analysis of dissolved Mn is a powerful technique reducing dependencies on heavy and expensive equipment (pump-CTD system, ICP-OES and is also cost and time effective.
Effect of vibrating electrode on temperature profiles, fluid flow, and pool shape in ESR system based on a comprehensive coupled model
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fang Wang
Full Text Available The vibrating electrode method was proposed in the electro-slag remelting (ESR process in this paper, and the effect of vibrating electrode on the solidification structure of ingot was studied. A transient three-dimensional (3D coupled mathematical model was established to simulate the electromagnetic phenomenon, fluid flow as well as pool shape in the ESR process with the vibrating electrode. The finite element volume method is developed to solve the electromagnetic field using ANSYS mechanical APDL software. Moreover, the electromagnetic force and Joule heating are interpolated as the source term of the momentum and energy equations. The multi-physical fields have been investigated and compared between the traditional electrode and the vibrating electrode in the ESR process. The results show that the drop process of metal droplets with the traditional electrode is scattered randomly. However, the drop process of metal droplets with the vibrating electrode is periodic. The highest temperature of slag layer with the vibrating electrode is higher than that with the traditional electrode, which can increase the melting rate due to the enhanced heat transfer in the vicinity of the electrode tip. The results also show that when the amplitude and frequency of the vibrating electrode increase, the cycle of drop process of metal droplets decreases significantly.
Investigation of unsteady flow-induced impeller oscillations of a single-blade pump under off-design conditions
Pei, J.; Dohmen, H. J.; Yuan, S. Q.; Benra, F.-K.
The periodically unsteady flow-induced impeller oscillations for a single-blade pump are investigated both numerically and experimentally under off-design conditions. A partitioned strategy with load transfer method is selected for achieving successful fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations with strong two-way coupling. Three-dimensional, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a shear stress transport turbulence model for the fluid side, while a transient structure dynamic analysis with the finite element method is employed for the structure side. Radial deflections of the pump impeller are successfully measured using proximity sensors to validate the FSI results. The comparison of the deflection results focuses on both phase and amplitude aspects under different operational conditions. The FSI calculation results are confirmed by the experiment, but deviations are still observed for about half of an impeller rotation. Therefore, a rigorous analysis of the comparison between the angles of the obtained x and y components is carried out to understand the cause of the deviation. Meanwhile, the transient pressure measured at the casing by both computational fluid dynamics and experimental methods is qualitatively analyzed. Furthermore, hydrodynamic forces are also analyzed considering a strong FSI effect in both the rotating and stationary coordinate frame under off-design conditions to understand the behavior of the transient excitation forces, which directly lead to the rotor deflection.
Incompressible viscous flow computations for the pump components and the artificial heart
Kiris, Cetin
A finite difference, three dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes formulation to calculate the flow through turbopump components is utilized. The solution method is based on the pseudo compressibility approach and uses an implicit upwind differencing scheme together with the Gauss-Seidel line relaxation method. Both steady and unsteady flow calculations can be performed using the current algorithm. Here, equations are solved in steadily rotating reference frames by using the steady state formulation in order to simulate the flow through a turbopump inducer. Eddy viscosity is computed by using an algebraic mixing-length turbulence model. Numerical results are compared with experimental measurements and a good agreement is found between the two.
Improved hemodynamics with a novel miniaturized intra-aortic axial flow pump in a porcine model of acute left ventricular dysfunction.
Shabari, Farshad Raissi; George, Joggy; Cuchiara, Michael P; Langsner, Robert J; Heuring, Jason J; Cohn, William E; Hertzog, Benjamin A; Delgado, Reynolds
Currently, long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is limited to large, complex devices that require invasive, high-risk surgical implantation. These devices are mainly used in patients with late stage heart failure (HF). We are developing a novel percutaneous intra-aortic micro-axial fluid entrainment pump intended for long-term MCS in patients with earlier stage HF. This study examined the pump's hemodynamic effects in a porcine model of acute HF. In three porcine experiments, the pump was deployed in the thoracic aorta by standard cardiac catheterization techniques and was anchored with self-expanding struts. Acute cardiac dysfunction was induced by infusing esmolol continuously. Pump support increased cardiac output (+10.4%), stroke volume (+8.9%), and ejection fraction (+10.8%) while decreasing cardiac stroke work (-10.8%) and afterload (-22.7%). Furthermore, pump support significantly enhanced renal perfusion through sustained increases in both renal artery flow (+36.4%) and pressure (+73.6%). In a porcine model of acute HF, the catheter-based intra-aortic fluid entrainment pump improved hemodynamics and renal perfusion. These results suggest that the pump could improve HF outcomes and patients' quality of life by resting the heart, promoting reverse remodeling, and augmenting end-organ perfusion. Furthermore, the enhanced renal perfusion may help disrupt the cardiorenal syndrome cycle and improve HF treatment.
Comparison of Vibrational Relaxation Modeling for Strongly Non-Equilibrium Flows
3 where SVT is a steric factor, ! is the oscillator frequency, m̃ is the collision reduced mass, µ is the oscillator reduced mass, is the oscillator...f !"i+fCOL exp ("COL) nX r=0 (1)r r! (i r)! (f r)! 1 "rCOL 2 (2) "COL = SVT 4⇡3! m̃ 2/µ ↵2h sinh2 ⇣⇡! ↵v̄ ⌘ (3) For diatom...factors, SVT and SVV, and the parameter ↵ determine the rate of vibrational relaxation, while the inherent form of the transition probability
Vibrational Characteristics of AGARD 445.6 Wing in Transonic Flow
Chaitanya, J. S.; Prasad, Arun; Pradeep, B.; Sri Harsha, P. L. N.; Shali, S.; Nagaraja, S. R.
This paper presents the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Fluid Structure Interaction in ANSYS to do vibrational analysis on an aircraft wing in transonic region. A simulation study is conducted on a wing by modelling it in a solid modelling software. Further CFD analysis is performed at different Mach numbers to identify pressure variations at different locations on the wing. Transient structural analysis is carried out to study the variations in displacement of the wing with time. The post processing is done for determining the structural frequency and thereby to establish the flutter boundary in the transonic range.
Hencken, Kenneth R.; Sartor, George B.
An electrokinetic pump in which the porous dielectric medium of conventional electrokinetic pumps is replaced by a patterned microstructure. The patterned microstructure is fabricated by lithographic patterning and etching of a substrate and is formed by features arranged so as to create an array of microchannels. The microchannels have dimensions on the order of the pore spacing in a conventional porous dielectric medium. Embedded unitary electrodes are vapor deposited on either end of the channel structure to provide the electric field necessary for electroosmotic flow.
Experiments on active control of vibrational power flow using piezoceramic actuators and sensors
Gibbs, Gary P.; Fuller, Chris R.
The active control of flexural power flow in both semiinfinite and finite elastic beams is experimentally investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that piezoceramic transducers when used in conjunction with an adaptive least mean squares controller, can effectively control flexural power flow in thin beam systems. The piezoceramic transducers offer distinct size and weight advantages over conventional transducers. The experiments also demonstrate the use of an axial scanning laser vibrometer to determine out of plane velocity and power flow.
Organ hierarchy during low blood flow on-pump: a randomized experimental positron emission tomography study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Thomassen, Sisse Anette; Kjærgaard, Benedict; Frøkiær, Jørgen
knowledge this is the first study investigating organ hierarchy with dynamic PET-CT during profound systemic ischemia due to suboptimal blood flows during normothermic CPB. References 1. Murphy JM, Hessel II EA, Groom RC. Optimal perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass: an Evidence-based approach. Anesth......].The purpose of this animal study is to investigate the organ hierarchy of brain, liver, kidney and muscle at normal and low blood flows by using dynamic positron tomography (PET-CT) during CPB. Methods CPB at different blood flows will be investigated in an experimental model of six 70 kg pigs...... will be measured with dynamic PET-CT before CPB and during the different blood flows. Systemic oxygen consumption will be estimated by measurement of mixed venous saturation and lactate, and regional muscle oxygen saturation (tSO2) with near infrared spectroscopy at the lower limb. Result: Preliminary data...
Study on Driving Performance of the Axial-Flow Blood Pump under the Condition of Large Gap
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yan Xu
Full Text Available The paper demonstrates an improvement of the simulation and computational methods for research on the system magnetic field and driving performance of the large gap magnetic drive system, which is used to drive the axial flow blood pump. The operational principle and structure of large gap magnetic drive system are narrated. Ansoft is adopted to simulate a three-dimensional driving torque to improve accuracy of computation. Experiments and theoretical study show that the use of Z10-T25 oriented silicon steel sheets as the electromagnetic core material can remarkably improve the system driving performance as well as optimize the volume and weight of the electromagnets. So the electromagnet made with oriented silicon steel sheets is conducive to improving the driving performance.
Direct and inverse pumping in flows with homogeneous and non-homogeneous swirl
Pothérat, A; Charles, Y; Dousset, V
The conditions in which meridional recirculations appear in swirling flows above a fixed wall are analysed. In the classical Bodew\\"adt problem, where the swirl tends towards a fixed value away from the wall, the well-known "tea-cup effect" drives a flow away from the plate at the centre of the vortex. Simple dimensional arguments applied to a single vortex show that if the intensity of the swirl decreases away from the wall, the sense of the recirculation can be inverted, and that the associated flow rate scales with the swirl gradient. Only if the flow is quasi-2D, does the classical tea-cup effect take place. This basic theory is confirmed by numerical simulations of a square array of steady, electrically driven vortices. Experiments in the turbulent regimes of the same configuration reveal that these mechanisms are active in the average flow and in its fluctuating part. The mechanisms singled out in this letter provide an explanation for previously observed phenomena in electrolyte flows. They also put fo...
Low-wavenumber turbulent boundary layer wall-pressure measurements from vibration data over smooth and rough surfaces in pipe flow
Evans, Neal D.; Capone, Dean E.; Bonness, William K.
The vibration response of a thin cylindrical shell excited by fully developed turbulent pipe flow is measured and used to extract the fluctuating pressure levels generated by the boundary layer. Parameters used to extract the turbulent fluctuating pressure levels are determined via experimental modal analyses of the water-filled pipe and measured vibration levels from flow through the pipe at 5.8 m/s. Measurements are reported for hydraulically smooth and fully rough surface conditions. Smooth wall-pressure levels are compared to the turbulent boundary layer pressure model of Chase [The character of the turbulent wall pressure at subconvective wavenumbers and a suggested comprehensive model. Journal of Sound and Vibration112 (1) (1987) 125-147] and the measurements of Bonness et al. [Low-wavenumber turbulent boundary layer wall-pressure measurements from vibration data on a cylinder in pipe flow. Journal of Sound and Vibration329 (2010) 4166-4180]. Results for the smooth pipe match the predicted smooth wall-pressure spectrum and correspond to a normalized low wavenumber-white level which is -41 dB below the maximum level at the convective peak. Pressure levels from the fully rough condition display a low-wavenumber-white level which is 28 dB below the convective peak level. This suggests an increase of 13 dB in low-wavenumber wall pressure for the uniformly distributed roughness elements in this study over a hydraulically smooth surface.
Modeling Optimal Scheduling for Pumping System to Minimize Operation Cost and Enhance Operation Reliability
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yin Luo
Full Text Available Traditional pump scheduling models neglect the operation reliability which directly relates with the unscheduled maintenance cost and the wear cost during the operation. Just for this, based on the assumption that the vibration directly relates with the operation reliability and the degree of wear, it could express the operation reliability as the normalization of the vibration level. The characteristic of the vibration with the operation point was studied, it could be concluded that idealized flow versus vibration plot should be a distinct bathtub shape. There is a narrow sweet spot (80 to 100 percent BEP to obtain low vibration levels in this shape, and the vibration also follows similar law with the square of the rotation speed without resonance phenomena. Then, the operation reliability could be modeled as the function of the capacity and rotation speed of the pump and add this function to the traditional model to form the new. And contrast with the tradition method, the result shown that the new model could fix the result produced by the traditional, make the pump operate in low vibration, then the operation reliability could increase and the maintenance cost could decrease.
Extraction of the acoustic component of a turbulent flow exciting a plate by inverting the vibration problem
Lecoq, D.; Pézerat, C.; Thomas, J.-H.; Bi, W. P.
An improvement of the Force Analysis Technique (FAT), an inverse method of vibration, is proposed to identify the low wavenumbers including the acoustic component of a turbulent flow that excites a plate. This method is a significant progress since the usual techniques of measurements with flush-mounted sensors are not able to separate the acoustic and the aerodynamic energies of the excitation because the aerodynamic component is too high. Moreover, the main cause of vibration or acoustic radiation of the structure might be due to the acoustic part by a phenomenon of spatial coincidence between the acoustic wavelengths and those of the plate. This underlines the need to extract the acoustic part. In this work, numerical experiments are performed to solve both the direct and inverse problems of vibration. The excitation is a turbulent boundary layer and combines the pressure field of the Corcos model and a diffuse acoustic field. These pressures are obtained by a synthesis method based on the Cholesky decomposition of the cross-spectra matrices and are used to excite a plate. Thus, the application of the inverse problem FAT that requires only the vibration data shows that the method is able to identify and to isolate the acoustic part of the excitation. Indeed, the discretization of the inverse operator (motion equation of the plate) acts as a low-pass wavenumber filter. In addition, this method is simple to implement because it can be applied locally (no need to know the boundary conditions), and measurements can be carried out on the opposite side of the plate without affecting the flow. Finally, an improvement of FAT is proposed. It regularizes optimally and automatically the inverse problem by analyzing the mean quadratic pressure of the reconstructed force distribution. This optimized FAT, in the case of the turbulent flow, has the advantage of measuring the acoustic component up to higher frequencies even in the presence of noise. the aerodynamic component
On the effect of boundary vibration on poiseuille flow of an elastico-viscous liquid
Siginer, A.
The longitudinal and orthogonal superposition of boundary driven, small strain, oscillatory shear flow and steady Poiseuille flow is investigated. Boundary oscillations are of different frequencies and amplitudes and are represented by sinusoidal waveforms. A regular perturbation in terms of the amplitude of the oscillations is used. The flow field is determined up to and including third order for a simple fluid of multiple integral type with fading memory. Flow enhancement effects dependent on material parameters, mean pressure gradient, and amplitude and frequency of the boundary waves are predicted and closed form formulas derived for the mass transport rate. Enhancement is determined both by the elastic and shear thinning or thickening properties of the liquid. Resonance effects are shown to take place and, in particular, mean secondary and longitudinal flows, independent of the mean pressure gradient, are shown to exist for certain frequency relationships.
About Variable Speed Heating and Cooling Pumps
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cătălin Popovici
Full Text Available The present work has the purpose of underlying the advantages of variable speed heating and cooling pumps use for the perspective of general and particular pumping costs and efficiency. The study approaches comparisons between constant flow pumps and variable flow pumps in different given situations and comparatively analyses the pumping costs.
About Variable Speed Heating and Cooling Pumps
Popovici, Cătălin; Ignat, Jan
The present work has the purpose of underlying the advantages of variable speed heating and cooling pumps use for the perspective of general and particular pumping costs and efficiency. The study approaches comparisons between constant flow pumps and variable flow pumps in different given situations and comparatively analyses the pumping costs.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
The invention relates to a tube pump comprising a tube and a pump element inserted in the tube, where the pump element comprises a rod element and a first and a second non-return valve member positioned a distance apart on the rod element. The valve members are oriented in the same direction...... portion acts to alternately close and open the valve members thereby generating a fluid flow through the tube. The invention further relates to a pump element comprising at least two non-return valve members connected by a rod element, and for insertion in an at least partly flexible tube in such tube...... pump as mentioned above, thereby acting to generate a fluid flow through the tube upon repeated deformation of the tube between the two valve members. The pump element may comprise a connecting part for coupling to another tube and may comprise a sealing part establishing a fluid tight connection...
Fuel Pumping System And Method
Shafer, Scott F.; Wang, Lifeng
A fuel pumping system that includes a pump drive is provided. A first pumping element is operatively connected to the pump drive and is operable to generate a first flow of pressurized fuel. A second pumping element is operatively connected to the pump drive and is operable to generate a second flow of pressurized fuel. A first solenoid is operatively connected to the first pumping element and is operable to vary at least one of a fuel pressure and a fuel flow rate of the first flow of pressurized fuel. A second solenoid is operatively connected to the second pumping element and is operable to vary at least one of a fuel pressure and a fuel flow rate of the second flow of pressurized fuel.
Controlling cross pumping between C-N and C-H vibration in nitromethane by selective fluorescence-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Wang, Shenghan; Fang, Wenhui; Li, Tianyu; Li, Fangfang; Sun, Chenglin; Li, Zuowei; Men, Zhiwei
To investigate the vibrational features of nitromethane (NM), which is a kind of energy material and a well known low-sensitivity and high explosive, experiments are performed to obtain the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS...
Flow-Induced Vibrations of Three-Dimensional Bluff Bodies in a Cross Flow, an Annotated Bibliography.
Behavior of Spherical Particles at Low Reynolds Numbers in a Fluctuating Translational Flow, PhD Thesis , California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA...bearing track system. Tests were performed by towing the models through a channel filled with glycerine -water mixtures. Forces and moments on the models
Acute effects of simultaneous electromyostimulation and vibration on leg blood flow in spinal cord injury.
Menéndez, H; Ferrero, C; Martín-Hernández, J; Figueroa, A; Marín, P J; Herrero, A J
Randomized crossover. To analyze the acute effects of isolated and simultaneous application of whole-body vibration (WBV) and electromyostimulation (ES) on popliteal artery blood velocity (BV) and skin temperature (ST) of the calf in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). Valladolid, Spain. Ten subjects with SCI were assessed in five different sessions. After a familiarization session, four interventions were applied in random order; WBV, ES, simultaneous WBV and ES (WBV+ES), and 30 s of WBV followed by 30 s of ES (WBV30/ES30). Each intervention consisted of 10 sets × 1 min ON+1 min OFF. Subjects were seated on their own wheelchairs with their feet on the vibration platform (10 Hz, 5 mm peak-to-peak), and ES was applied on the gastrocnemius muscle of both legs (8 Hz, 400 μs). The simultaneous application (WBV+ES) produced the greatest increase in mean BV (MBV; 36% and 42%, respectively) and peak BV (PBV; 30% and 36%, respectively) during the intervention. This intervention produced the greatest mean increases in MBV (21%) and PBV (19%) during the recovery period. Last, this intervention produced the highest increase in ST during the intervention (2.1 °C). The simultaneous application of WBV+ES seems to produce a greater increase in MBV and PBV of the popliteal artery and ST of the calf than the isolated (WBV or ES) or consecutive application of both stimuli (WBV30/ES30). This study provides an efficient therapeutic methodology to improve peripheral arterial properties, which is pivotal in SCI patient's rehabilitation.
Glucose Pump Test can be Used to Measure Blood Flow Rate of ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Feb 7, 2018 ... Purpose: In chronic hemodialysis patients, the low flow of vascular access may leads to inadequate dialysis, increased rate of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. It was found that surveillance should be performed for native arteriovenous (AV) should not be performed for AV graft in various studies.
Glucose Pump Test can be Used to Measure Blood Flow Rate of ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Purpose: In chronic hemodialysis patients, the low flow of vascular access may leads to inadequate dialysis, increased rate of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. It was found that surveillance should be performed for native arteriovenous (AV) should not be performed for AV graft in various studies. However ...
Estimating the vibration level of an L-shaped beam using power flow techniques
Cuschieri, J. M.; Mccollum, M.; Rassineux, J. L.; Gilbert, T.
The response of one component of an L-shaped beam, with point force excitation on the other component, is estimated using the power flow method. The transmitted power from the source component to the receiver component is expressed in terms of the transfer and input mobilities at the excitation point and the joint. The response is estimated both in narrow frequency bands, using the exact geometry of the beams, and as a frequency averaged response using infinite beam models. The results using this power flow technique are compared to the results obtained using finite element analysis (FEA) of the L-shaped beam for the low frequency response and to results obtained using statistical energy analysis (SEA) for the high frequencies. The agreement between the FEA results and the power flow method results at low frequencies is very good. SEA results are in terms of frequency averaged levels and these are in perfect agreement with the results obtained using the infinite beam models in the power flow method. The narrow frequency band results from the power flow method also converge to the SEA results at high frequencies. The advantage of the power flow method is that detail of the response can be retained while reducing computation time, which will allow the narrow frequency band analysis of the response to be extended to higher frequencies.
In vitro thrombogenesis study in the Gyro C1E3 for vibration assessment.
Nakazawa, T; Tayama, E; Takami, Y; Glueck, J; Nosé, Y
To clarify the correlation between vibration and thrombus formation in a centrifugal blood pump, a preliminary simulated thrombus study was conducted for possible detection of thrombus formation inside a pump. Additional in vitro thrombogenesis studies were performed to confirm the results of the preliminary study. The primary data acquisition equipment included an accelerometer (Isotron PE accelerometer, Endevco, San Juan Capistrano, CA, U.S.A.), digitizing oscilloscope (TDS 420, Tektronic, Inc., MA, U.S.A.), and pivot bearing centrifugal pumps. The accelerometer was mounted to the top of the pump casing to sense radial and axial accelerations. For the preliminary study, a piece of Silastic was adhered to each of the 3 common areas of thrombus formation inside the pump. The results provided baseline information to speculate on the possibility of detecting thrombus formation by vibration signal changes. For the next studies, fresh bovine blood was harvested under sterile conditions and with strict avoidance of air contact, adding 1.0 U/ml of heparin. The sterilized test circuit consisted of 3/8 inch tubing (Tygon) and a soft reservoir. During the operating time, the activated clotting time (ACT) was maintained between 150 to 300 s using protamin. A restrictor on the outflow tube maintained the flow rates at about 4.5 L/min. The pumps ran continuously for 6 h. Possible blood clot formation inside the pump was monitored by observing the vibration signal from the device for 6 h. These studies revealed that it was possible to distinguish between an impeller that did not form thrombus and ones that formed fibrogenous thrombus using vibration signal assessment. Vibration assessment is worthwhile as a thrombus monitoring tool for a centrifugal blood pump.
Clinical Effectiveness of Centrifugal Pump to Produce Pulsatile Flow During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Gu, Y. John; van Oeveren, Willem; Mungroop, Hubert E.; Epema, Anne H.; den Hamer, Inez J.; Keizer, Jorrit J.; Leuvenink, Ron P.; Mariani, Massimo A.; Rakhorst, Gerhard
Although the centrifugal pump has been widely used as a nonpulsatile pump for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), little is known about its performance as a pulsatile pump for CPB, especially on its efficacy in producing hemodynamic energy and its clinical effectiveness. We performed a study to evaluate
Symposium on Flow-Induced Vibrations Held in New Orleans, Louisiana on 9-14 December 1984. Volume 5. Turbulence-Induced Noise and Vibration of Rigid and Compliant Surfaces
Calculation conditions N 5, P = 20). 10 tog( -) I I I 10. 0. -10. -20. -30. I I I I 2. 4. 6. S. U, (m/s) Fij. 4. Infuence of the flow velocity...finite plates in heavy and light fluid media ", Journal of sound and Vibration, Vol. 40, n* 4, 1975, pp. 441-495. 7. Robert, G., "Moddlisation et simulation
Vertical migration of fine-grained sediments from interior to surface of seabed driven by seepage flows-`sub-bottom sediment pump action'
Zhang, Shaotong; Jia, Yonggang; Wen, Mingzheng; Wang, Zhenhao; Zhang, Yaqi; Zhu, Chaoqi; Li, Bowen; Liu, Xiaolei
A scientific hypothesis is proposed and preliminarily verified in this paper: under the driving of seepage flows, there might be a vertical migration of fine-grained soil particles from interior to surface of seabed, which is defined as `sub-bottom sediment pump action' in this paper. Field experiments were performed twice on the intertidal flat of the Yellow River delta to study this process via both trapping the pumped materials and recording the pore pressures in the substrate. Experimental results are quite interesting as we did observe yellow slurry which is mainly composed of fine-grained soil particles appearing on the seabed surface; seepage gradients were also detected in the intertidal flat, under the action of tides and small wind waves. Preliminary conclusions are that `sediment pump' occurs when seepage force exceeds a certain threshold: firstly, it is big enough to disconnect the soil particles from the soil skeleton; secondly, the degree of seabed fluidization or bioturbation is big enough to provide preferred paths for the detached materials to migrate upwards. Then they would be firstly pumped from interior to the surface of seabed and then easily re-suspended into overlying water column. Influential factors of `sediment pump' are determined as hydrodynamics (wave energy), degree of consolidation, index of bioturbation (permeability) and content of fine-grained materials (sedimentary age). This new perspective of `sediment pump' may provide some implications for the mechanism interpretation of several unclear geological phenomena in the Yellow River delta area.
Study of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate as the Assessment of Lung Function in Occupationally Exposed Petrol Pump Workers of Western Maharashtra
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Patil Smita V
Full Text Available Background: Fast urbanization trends, rapid industrial growth, globalization, and poor environmental conditions at work places have created a lot of healthrelated issues. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR as the assessment of lung function in occupationally exposed petrol pump workers and also check whether PEFR increases or decreases with duration of exposure. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 male petrol pump workers between age group of 20-40 years who were working as petrol filling attendants for more than one year from western Maharashtra. 50 normal healthy males with same socioeconomic status were chosen as controls to find out the effect of occupational exposure to petroleum product on PEFR as the assessment of lung function tests. Petrol pump workers were divided into three groups based on their duration of exposure i.e. 1- 5 yrs, 6- 10 yrs and more than 11 years. PEFR of petrol pump workers and control was measured by using a Mini Wright peak flow meter which is a portable device for measuring ventilator functions. Comparisons was done using unpaired t-test for 2 groups comparisons and one way ANOVAfor multiple groups of exposures. Results: The PEFR was significantly lower decrease (p=0.001 around petrol pump workers (389.17 as compared to control (534.2. As year of exposure increased mean value of PEFR was significantly decreased from 452.17, 378.00 and 283.64 respectively in petrol pump workers. Conclusion: The results suggested that respiratory functions i.e. PEFR of occupationally exposed petrol pump workers are significantly reduced as compared to controls, also PEFR is significantly reduced with increase in the duration of exposure.
Rotary pump speed modulation for generating pulsatile flow and phasic left ventricular volume unloading in a bovine model of chronic ischemic heart failure.
Soucy, Kevin G; Giridharan, Guruprasad A; Choi, Young; Sobieski, Michael A; Monreal, Gretel; Cheng, Allen; Schumer, Erin; Slaughter, Mark S; Koenig, Steven C
Rotary blood pumps operate at a constant speed (rpm) that diminishes vascular pulsatility and variation in ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, which may contribute to adverse events, including aortic insufficiency and gastrointestinal bleeding. In this study, pump speed modulation algorithms for generating pulsatility and variation in ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes were investigated in an ischemic heart failure (IHF) bovine model (n = 10) using a clinically implanted centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Hemodynamic and hematologic measurements were recorded during IHF baseline, constant pumps speeds, and asynchronous (19-60 cycles/min) and synchronous (copulse and counterpulse) pump speed modulation profiles using low relative pulse speed (±25%) of 3,200 ± 800 rpm and high relative pulse speed (±38%) of 2,900 ± 1,100 rpm. End-organ perfusion, hemodynamics, and pump parameters were measured to characterize pulsatility, myocardial workload, and LVAD performance for each speed modulation profile. Speed modulation profiles augmented aortic pulse pressure, surplus hemodynamic energy, and end-organ perfusion (p Pump speed modulation increases pulsatility and improves cardiac function and end-organ perfusion, but the asynchronous mode provides the technologic advantage of sensorless control. Investigation of asynchronous pump speed modulation during long-term support is warranted to test the hypothesis that operating an LVAD with speed modulation will minimize adverse events in patients supported by an LVAD that may be associated with long-term operation at a constant pump speed. Copyright © 2015 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Prediction of flow induced sound and vibration of periodically stiffened plates.
Maxit, Laurent; Denis, Vivien
Stiffened structures excited by the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) occur very frequently in engineering applications; for instance, in the wings of airplanes or the pressure hulls of submarines. To improve knowledge of the interaction between stiffened structures and TBL, this paper deals with the modeling of infinite periodically stiffened plates excited by TBL. The mathematical formulation of the problem is well-established in the literature. The originality of the present work relies on the use of a wavenumber-point reciprocity technique for evaluating the response of the plate to convected harmonic pressure waves. It follows a methodology for estimating the vibro-acoustic response of the plate excited by the TBL from the wall pressure spectrum and its displacements in the wavenumber space due to point excitations located at the receiving positions. The computing process can be reduced to the numerical integration of an analytical expression in the case of a periodically stiffened plate. An application to a naval test case highlights the effect of Bloch-Floquet waves on the vibrations of the plate and its radiated pressure in the fluid.
Ground-water system, estimation of aquifer hydraulic properties, and effects of pumping on ground-water flow in Triassic sedimentary rocks in and near Lansdale, Pennsylvania
Senior, Lisa A.; Goode, Daniel J.
Ground water in Triassic-age sedimentary fractured-rock aquifers in the area of Lansdale, Pa., is used as drinking water and for industrial supply. In 1979, ground water in the Lansdale area was found to be contaminated with trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and other man-made organic compounds, and in 1989, the area was placed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) National Priority List as the North Penn Area 6 site. To assist the USEPA in the hydrogeological assessment of the site, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study in 1995 to describe the ground-water system and to determine the effects of changes in the well pumping patterns on the direction of ground-water flow in the Lansdale area. This determination is based on hydrologic and geophysical data collected from 1995-98 and on results of the simulation of the regional ground-water-flow system by use of a numerical model.Correlation of natural-gamma logs indicate that the sedimentary rock beds strike generally northeast and dip at angles less than 30 degrees to the northwest. The ground-water system is confined or semi-confined, even at shallow depths; depth to bedrock commonly is less than 20 feet (6 meters); and depth to water commonly is about 15 to 60 feet (5 to 18 meters) below land surface. Single-well, aquifer-interval-isolation (packer) tests indicate that vertical permeability of the sedimentary rocks is low. Multiple-well aquifer tests indicate that the system is heterogeneous and that flow appears primarily in discrete zones parallel to bedding. Preferred horizontal flow along strike was not observed in the aquifer tests for wells open to the pumped interval. Water levels in wells that are open to the pumped interval, as projected along the dipping stratigraphy, are drawn down more than water levels in wells that do not intersect the pumped interval. A regional potentiometric map based on measured water levels indicates that ground water flows from Lansdale towards discharge
Vibration energy harvesting in a small channel fluid flow using piezoelectric transducer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hassan, Md. Mehedi, E-mail: email@example.com; Hossain, Md. Yeam, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Mazumder, Rakib, E-mail: email@example.com; Rahman, Roussel, E-mail: email@example.com; Rahman, Md. Ashiqur, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000 (Bangladesh)
This work is aimed at developing a way to harvest energy from a fluid stream with the application of piezoelectric transducers in a small channel. In this COMSOL Multiphysics based simulation study, it is attempted to harvest energy from the abundant renewable source of energy available in the form of kinetic energy of naturally occurring flow of fluids. The strategy involves harnessing energy from a fluid-actuator through generation of couples, eddies and vortices, resulting from the stagnation and separation of flow around a semi-circular bluff-body attached to a cantilever beam containing a piezoceramic layer. Fluctuation of fluidic pressure impulse on the beam due to vortex shedding and varying lift forces causes the flexible cantilever beam to oscillate in the direction normal to the fluid flow in a periodic manner. The periodic application and release of a mechanical strain upon the beam effected a generation of electric potential within the piezoelectric layer, thus enabling extraction of electrical energy from the kinetic energy of the fluid. The piezoelectric material properties and transducer design are kept unchanged throughout the study, whereas the configuration is tested with different fluids and varying flow characteristics. The size and geometry of the obstructing entity are systematically varied to closely inspect the output from different iterations and for finding the optimum design parameters. The intermittent changes in the generated forces and subsequent variation in the strain on the beam are also monitored to find definitive relationship with the electrical energy output.
Numerical groundwater-flow modeling to evaluate potential effects of pumping and recharge: implications for sustainable groundwater management in the Mahanadi delta region, India
Sahoo, Sasmita; Jha, Madan K.
Process-based groundwater models are useful to understand complex aquifer systems and make predictions about their response to hydrological changes. A conceptual model for evaluating responses to environmental changes is presented, considering the hydrogeologic framework, flow processes, aquifer hydraulic properties, boundary conditions, and sources and sinks of the groundwater system. Based on this conceptual model, a quasi-three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model was designed using MODFLOW to simulate the groundwater system of Mahanadi River delta, eastern India. The model was constructed in the context of an upper unconfined aquifer and lower confined aquifer, separated by an aquitard. Hydraulic heads of 13 shallow wells and 11 deep wells were used to calibrate transient groundwater conditions during 1997-2006, followed by validation (2007-2011). The aquifer and aquitard hydraulic properties were obtained by pumping tests and were calibrated along with the rainfall recharge. The statistical and graphical performance indicators suggested a reasonably good simulation of groundwater flow over the study area. Sensitivity analysis revealed that groundwater level is most sensitive to the hydraulic conductivities of both the aquifers, followed by vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining layer. The calibrated model was then employed to explore groundwater-flow dynamics in response to changes in pumping and recharge conditions. The simulation results indicate that pumping has a substantial effect on the confined aquifer flow regime as compared to the unconfined aquifer. The results and insights from this study have important implications for other regional groundwater modeling studies, especially in multi-layered aquifer systems.
An advanced tube wear and fatigue workstation to predict flow induced vibrations of steam generator tubes; Un outil de prediction de l`usure et de la fatigue des tubes de generateurs de vapeur soumis a des vibrations sous ecoulement
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gay, N. [Electricite de France (EDF), 78 - Chatou (France); Baratte, C. [Electricite de France (EDF), 69 - Villeurbanne (France); Flesch, B. [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)
Flow induced tube vibration damage is a major concern for designers and operators of nuclear power plant steam generators (SG). The operating flow-induced vibrational behaviour has to be estimated accurately to allow a precise evaluation of the new safety margins in order to optimize the maintenance policy. For this purpose, an industrial `Tube Wear and Fatigue Workstation`, called `GEVIBUS Workstation` and based on an advanced methodology for predictive analysis of flow-induced vibration of tube bundles subject to cross-flow has been developed at Electricite de France. The GEVIBUS Workstation is an interactive processor linking modules as: thermalhydraulic computation, parametric finite element builder, interface between finite element model, thermalhydraulic code and vibratory response computations, refining modelling of fluid-elastic and random forces, linear and non-linear dynamic response and the coupled fluid-structure system, evaluation of tube damage due to fatigue and wear, graphical outputs. Two practical applications are also presented in the paper; the first simulation refers to an experimental set-up consisting of a straight tube bundle subject to water cross-flow, while the second one deals with an industrial configuration which has been observed in some operating steam generators i.e., top tube support plate degradation. In the first case the GEVIBUS predictions in terms of tube displacement time histories and phase planes have been found in very good agreement with experiment. In the second application the GEVIBUS computation showed that a tube with localized degradation is much more stable than a tube located in an extended degradation zone. Important conclusions are also drawn concerning maintenance. (author). 28 refs.
Energy flow analysis of out-of-plane vibration in coplanar coupled finite Mindlin plates
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Young-Ho Park
Full Text Available : In this paper, an Energy Flow Analysis (EFA for coplanar coupled Mindlin plates was performed to estimate their dynamic responses at high frequencies. Mindlin plate theory can consider the effects of shear distortion and rotatory inertia, which are very important at high frequencies. For EFA for coplanar coupled Mindlin plates, the wave transmission and reflection relationship for progressing out-of-plane waves (out-of-plane shear wave, bending dominant flexural wave, and shear dominant flexural wave in coplanar coupled Mindlin plates was newly derived. To verify the validity of the EFA results, numerical analyses were performed for various cases where coplanar coupled Mindlin plates are excited by a harmonic point force, and the energy flow solutions for coplanar coupled Mindlin plates were compared with the classical solutions in the various conditions.
Simulation of unsteady compressible flow in a channel with vibrating walls - Influence of the frequency
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Punčochářová-Pořízková, P.; Kozel, K.; Horáček, Jaromír
Roč. 46, č. 1 (2011), s. 404-410 ISSN 0045-7930 R&D Projects: GA MŠk OC09019 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20760514 Keywords : finite volume method * unsteady flow * low Mach number * viscous compressible fluid Subject RIV: BI - Acoustics Impact factor: 1.810, year: 2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045793010003439
The Multiscale Interaction of Vibrational Energy Transfer and Turbulent Combustion in Supersonic Flows
fitted with a series of perforated plates, honeycomb and screens to provide flow conditioning. Translation of the entire assembly is provided by a...pulse duration is ~160 ns, M 2 is 25, the beam width is 5 mm and the beam divergence is 5 Screens Honeycomb Perforated Plate Jet gas supply Heated...Systems, Inc. The signal is recorded using an ICCD camera with an 18 mm wide HBF Gen III intensifier . The intensifier's quantum efficiency is 44% at
Research of fluid-induced pressure fluctuation due to impeller-volute interaction in a centrifugal pump
Liu, Q. Z.; Yang, K.; Y Li, D.; Gong, R. Z.
The fluid pressure fluctuation generated by unsteady flow is a very important factor to induce vibration of the centrifugal pump. The relative movement between impeller and volute generates an unsteady interaction which affects not only the overall pump performance, but is also responsible for pressure fluctuations. Pressure fluctuations interact with the volute casing or even with the circuit and give rise to dynamic effects over the mechanical parts, which are one of the most important sources of vibration and hydraulic noise. To investigate the flow characteristic in the centrifugal pump, the unsteady flow is simulated by CFD methods in this paper. Unsteady flow characteristic in the centrifugal pump is obtained considering the impeller-volute interaction in the whole flow field. Based on the unsteady flow simulation, amplitude-frequency characteristics of the pressure fluctuation in the centrifugal pump are obtained through setting up monitoring point at the impeller outlet. The research shows that the frequency component include the blade passing frequency as the main component, the multiplication of blade passing frequency, and the harmonic interference due to the unsteady flow.
Effects of intra-aortic balloon pump on cerebral blood flow during peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Background The addition of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) during peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support has been shown to improve coronary bypass graft flows and cardiac function in refractory cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of additional IABP support on the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with peripheral VA ECMO following cardiac procedures. Methods Twelve patients (mean age 60.40 ± 9.80 years) received VA ECMO combined with IABP support for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock after coronary artery bypass grafting. The mean CBF in the bilateral middle cerebral arteries was measured with and without IABP counterpulsation by transcranial Doppler. The patients provided their control values. The mean CBF data were divided into two groups (pulsatile pressure greater than 10 mmHg, P group; pulsatile pressure less than 10 mmHg, N group) based on whether the patients experienced cardiac stun. The mean cerebral blood flow in VA ECMO (IABP turned off) alone and VA ECMO with IABP support were compared using the paired t test. Results All of the patients were successfully weaned from VA ECMO, and eight patients survived to discharge. The addition of IABP to VA ECMO did not change the mean CBF (251.47 ± 79.28 ml/min vs. 251.30 ± 79.47 ml/min, P = 0.96). The mean CBF was higher in VA ECMO alone than in VA ECMO combined with IABP support in the N group (257.68 ± 97.21 ml/min vs. 239.47 ± 95.60, P = 0.00). The addition of IABP to VA ECMO support increased the mean CBF values significantly compared with VA ECMO alone (261.68 ± 82.45 ml/min vs. 244.43 ± 45.85 ml/min, P = 0.00) in the P group. Conclusion These results demonstrate that an IABP significantly changes the CBF during peripheral VA ECMO, depending on the antegrade blood flow by spontaneous cardiac function. The addition of an IABP to VA ECMO support decreased
A Numerical Study on the Improvement of Suction Performance and Hydraulic Efficiency for a Mixed-Flow Pump Impeller
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Sung Kim
Full Text Available This paper describes a numerical study on the improvement of suction performance and hydraulic efficiency of a mixed-flow pump by impellers. The design of these impellers was optimized using a commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics code and DOE (design of experiments. The design variables of meridional plane and vane plane development were defined for impeller design. In DOE, variables of inlet part were selected as main design variables in meridional plane, and incidence angle was selected in vane plane development. The verification of the experiment sets that were generated by 2k factorial was done by numerical analysis. The objective functions were defined as the NPSHre (net positive suction head required, total efficiency, and total head of the impellers. The importance of the geometric design variables was analyzed using 2k factorial designs. The interaction between the NPSHre and total efficiency, according to the meridional plane and incidence angle, was discussed by analyzing the 2k factorial design results. The performance of optimally designed model was verified by experiments and numerical analysis and the reliability of the model was retained by comparison of numerical analysis and comparative analysis with the reference model.
Freezing vibrational energy flow: a fitness function for interchangeable computational and experimental control.
Weidinger, D; Engel, M F; Gruebele, M
We develop a fitness functional for freezing molecular energy flow that relies only on experimental observables. The functional allows us to implement a modular control algorithm where simulation data and experimental data can be used interchangeably. This interchangeability could be useful as a spectroscopic tool and for reactive control because the controllability of the experimental system and its model can be compared directly. The fitness functional performs as well as functionals based on complete knowledge of the wave function. We compare our simulation results with an analytical theory of control, and find good agreement between the simulated and predicted times over which the system can be controlled.
A simple preparative free-flow electrophoresis joined with gratis gravity: I. Gas cushion injector and self-balance collector instead of multiple channel pump.
Chen, Su; Palmer, James F; Zhang, Wei; Shao, Jing; Li, Si; Fan, Liu-Yin; Sun, Ren; Dong, Yu-Chao; Cao, Cheng-Xi
This paper describes a novel free-flow electrophoresis (FFE), which is joined with gratis gravity, gas cushion injector (GCI) and self-balance collector instead of multiple channel pump, for the purpose of preparative purification. The FFE was evaluated by systemic experiments. The results manifest that (i) even though one-channel peristaltic pump is used for the driving of background buffer, there is still stable flow in the FFE chamber; (ii) the stable flow is induced by the gravity-induced pressure due to the difference of buffer surfaces in the GCI and self-balance collector; (iii) the pulse flow of background buffer induced by the peristaltic pump is greatly reduced by the GCI with good compressibility of included air; (iv) the FFE can be well used for zone electrophoretic separation of amino acids; (v) up to 20 inlets simultaneous sample injection and up to five to tenfold condensation of amino acid can be achieved by combining the FFE device with the method of moving reaction boundary. To the best of authors' knowledge, FFE has not been used for such separation and condensation of amino acids. The relevant results achieved in the paper have evident significance for the development of preparative FFE.
Characterizing Flow-Induced Vibrations of Fuel Assemblies for Future Liquid Metal Cooled Nuclear Reactors Using Quasi-Distributed Fibre-Optic Sensors
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Ben De Pauw
Full Text Available Excessive vibration of nuclear reactor components, such as the heat exchanger or the fuel assembly should be avoided as these can compromise the lifetime of these components and potentially lead to safety hazards. This issue is particularly relevant to new reactor designs that use liquid metal coolants. However, identifying adequate sensors or techniques that can be successfully applied to record the vibrations of the components in a flow of liquid metal at elevated temperatures is very challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate the precise measurements of the vibrations of a very representative mock-up of a fuel assembly in a lead-bismuth eutectic cooled installation using quasi-distributed fibre Bragg grating (FBG based sensors. The unique properties of these sensors, in combination with a dedicated integration and mounting approach, allows for accounting of the severe geometrical constraints and allows characterizing the vibration of the fuel assembly elements under nominal operation conditions. To that aim, we instrumented a single fuel pin within the fuel assembly with 84 FBGs, and conducted spectral measurements with an acquisition rate of up to 5000 measurements per second, enabling the monitoring of local strains of a few με. These measurements provide the information required to assess vibration-related safety hazards.
Miyazaki, Yoshiro; OSHIMA, Shigeto
A labortory model of a pump assisted heat pipe has been fablicated and tested. An arterial heat pipe with axial grooves and a gear pump with a magnetic coupling have been developed for the model. The test has been carried out successfully. The reasonable thermal conductance has been obtained so far as the necessary working fluid flow rate is supplied. The necessary flow rate exceeds the theoretical one and the excess flow rate increases as the heat load increases.
Methodology to monitor and diagnostic vibrations of the motor-pumps used in the primary cooling system of IEAR-1 nuclear research reactor; Metodologia para monitoracao e diagnostico de vibracao das bombas moto-operadas do circuito primario de refrigeracao do Reator IEA-R1
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Benevenuti, Erion de Lima
The objectives of this study are to establish a strategy to monitor and diagnose vibrations of the motor pumps used in the primary reactor cooling system of the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor, to verify the possibility of using the existing installed monitoring vibration system and to implement such strategy in a continuous way. Four types of mechanical problems were considered: unbalancing, misalignment, gaps and faults in bearings. An adequate set of analysis tools, well established by the industry, was selected. These are: global measurements of vibration, velocity spectrum and acceleration envelope spectrum. Three sources of data and information were used; the data measured from the primary pumps, experimental results obtained with a Spectra Quest machine used to simulate mechanical defects and data from the literature. The results show that, for the specific case of the motor-pumps of IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor, although the technique using the envelope of acceleration, which is not available in the current system used to monitor the vibration of the motor pumps, is the one with best performance, the other techniques available in the system are sufficient to monitor the four types of mechanical problems mentioned. The proposed strategy is shown and detailed in this work. (author)
Dynamic Model and Vibration Power Flow of a Rigid-Flexible Coupling and Harmonic-Disturbance Exciting System for Flexible Robotic Manipulator with Elastic Joints
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Yufei Liu
Full Text Available This paper investigates the dynamic of a flexible robotic manipulator (FRM which consists of rigid driving base, flexible links, and flexible joints. With considering the motion fluctuations caused by the coupling effect, such as the motor parameters and mechanism inertias, as harmonic disturbances, the system investigated in this paper remains a parametrically excited system. An elastic restraint model of the FRM with elastic joints (FRMEJ is proposed, which considers the elastic properties of the connecting joints between the flexible arm and the driving base, as well as the harmonic disturbances aroused by the electromechanical coupling effect. As a consequence, the FRMEJ accordingly remains a flexible multibody system which conveys the effects of rigid-flexible couple and electromechanical couple. The Lagrangian function and Hamilton's principle are used to establish the dynamic model of the FRMEJ. Based on the dynamic model proposed, the vibration power flow is introduced to show the vibration energy distribution. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of the joint elasticities and the disturbance excitations, and the influences of the structure parameters and motion parameters on the vibration power flow are studied. The results obtained in this paper contribute to the structure design, motion optimization, and vibration control of FRMs.
Distributions and activities of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and polyphosphate accumulating organisms in a pumped-flow biofilm reactor.
Wu, Guangxue; Nielsen, Michael; Sorensen, Ketil; Zhan, Xinmin; Rodgers, Michael
The spatial distributions and activities of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) were investigated for a novel laboratory-scale sequencing batch pumped-flow biofilm reactor (PFBR) system that was operated for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The PFBR comprised of two 16.5l tanks (Reactors 1 and 2), each with a biofilm module of 2m(2) surface area. To facilitate the growth of AOB and PAOs in the reactor biofilms, the influent wastewater was held in Reactor 1 under stagnant un-aerated conditions for 6 h after feeding, and was then pumped over and back between Reactors 1 and 2 for 12 h, creating aerobic conditions in the two reactors during this period; as a consequence, the biofilm in Reactor 2 was in an aerobic environment for almost all the 18.2 h operating cycle. A combination of micro-sensor measurements, molecular techniques, batch experiments and reactor studies were carried out to analyse the performance of the PFBR system. After 100 days operation at a filtered chemical oxygen demand (COD(f)) loading rate of 3.46 g/m(2) per day, the removal efficiencies were 95% COD(f), 87% TN(f) and 74% TP(f). While the PFBR microbial community structure and function were found to be highly diversified with substantial AOB and PAO populations, about 70% of the phosphorus release potential and almost 100% of the nitrification potential were located in Reactors 1 and 2, respectively. Co-enrichment of AOB and PAOs was realized in the Reactor 2 biofilm, where molecular analyses revealed unexpected microbial distributions at micro-scale, with population peaks of AOB in a 100-250 microm deep sub-surface zone and of PAOs in the 0-150 microm surface zone. The micro-distribution of AOB coincided with the position of the nitrification peak identified during micro-sensor analyses. The study demonstrates that enrichment of PAOs can be realized in a constant or near constant aerobic biofilm environment. Furthermore, the findings suggest
Free Vibrations of Uniform Pipes Made From Composite Materials at an Internal Flow Under Effect of Additional Boundary Conditions
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Nawal H. Al – Raheimy
Full Text Available In this paper the approximate method of Raleigh method can be used to study the effect of additional boundary conditions (clamped – free & clamped – clamped on the free transverse vibrations of uniform pipes which have length, L (1m , inner radius, "Ri" (1cm & thickness, "t" (1mm made from composite materials, where the resin of unsaturated polyester represented the matrix material reinforced by aligned (E-fibers glass in the first case and used aligned fiber (Kevlar-49 in the second case. The length of fibers is in the two types, the first type is long fibers (continuous and the second is short fibers (discontinuous for different length all at volume fraction of fibers, "f" (0.15 & 0.25. At any construction of the pipe in composite material the natural frequency decreased when the velocity of flow increased from zero to critical velocity also can be observed the pipe at clamped – clamped boundary conditions predicts natural frequency & critical velocity greater than that pipe at clamped – free. The natural frequency and critical velocity increase with increasing volume fraction and length of discontinuous fiber. The value of natural frequency for pipes which have continuous fibers is constant at certain velocity of flow while are variable in pipes which have discontinuous fibers according to ratio between length of short fiber to critical length of discontinuous fiber whereas the natural frequency increase with increasing this ratio. Finally the pipes with Kevlar fiber have high critical velocity and natural frequency compare with pipes for fiber glass.
Vibration of hydraulic machinery
Wu, Yulin; Liu, Shuhong; Dou, Hua-Shu; Qian, Zhongdong
Vibration of Hydraulic Machinery deals with the vibration problem which has significant influence on the safety and reliable operation of hydraulic machinery. It provides new achievements and the latest developments in these areas, even in the basic areas of this subject. The present book covers the fundamentals of mechanical vibration and rotordynamics as well as their main numerical models and analysis methods for the vibration prediction. The mechanical and hydraulic excitations to the vibration are analyzed, and the pressure fluctuations induced by the unsteady turbulent flow is predicted in order to obtain the unsteady loads. This book also discusses the loads, constraint conditions and the elastic and damping characters of the mechanical system, the structure dynamic analysis, the rotor dynamic analysis and the system instability of hydraulic machines, including the illustration of monitoring system for the instability and the vibration in hydraulic units. All the problems are necessary for vibration pr...
Numerical modelling of blood flow behaviour in the valved catheter of the PUCA-pump, a LVAD
Morsink, PLJ; Verkerke, GJ; Grootenboer, HJ; Mihaylov, D; Rakhorst, G
Mechanical heart assistance, performed by the PUlsatile CAtheter (PUCA) pump, chronologically takes place by sucking blood from the left ventricle and ejecting it into the ascending aorta. Within the pump activity the problem of hemolysis and clotting is encountered. In this study the influence of
Vibration-free Raman Doppler velocimeter
Exton, R. J.
A method and apparatus unaffected by vibrational environments for obtaining measurements using Raman Doppler Velocimetry is described. Two laser beams, a pump beam, and a probe beam, are focused by a lens to a point in a flow. A lens collimates the two beams. A beam splitter dumps the beam and the other beam is reflected by a corner cube back to the lens. The other lens then focuses the beam back to the point. The reflected beam and the backward and forward scattering at the point are detected by a detector and processed by a boxcar averager. The lens and corner cube combination, called a retrometer, ensure that the measurements are unaffected by vibrations.
Simulating of single phase flow in typical centrifugal pumps oil industry; Simulacao do escoamento monofasico em bombas centrifugas tipicas da industria do petroleo
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Andrade, Ana Carla Costa; Silva, Aldrey Luis Morais da; Maitelli, Carla Wilza Souza de Paula [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), RN (Brazil)
With the various techniques applied in production processes and oil exploration, has been using the artificial lift equipment with the aim of promoting an increase in flow in oil wells and gas. Choosing the most appropriate method of elevation depends on certain factors, among them the initial costs of installation, maintenance and conditions in the producing field, resulting in a more precise analysis of the project. Although there are other methods that represent a low cost and easy maintenance, the BCS method (Electrical Submersible Pumping), appears to be quite effective when it is intended to pump more flow of liquids from both terrestrial and marine environments, in conditions adverse temperature, presence of free gas in the mixture and viscous fluids. This method is based in most cases where the vessel pressure was low, and the fluid does not reach the surface without intervention of an artificial means which can lift them. Similar happens at the end of productive life of a resurgence for the well, or even when the flow of it is far below what is expected to produce, requiring a complement of natural energy through artificial lift. By definition, the BCS is a method of artificial lift in which a subsurface electric motor turns electrical energy into mechanical centrifugal pump and a multistage overlapping converts mechanical energy into kinetic energy of the engine bringing the fluid surface. In this study we performed computer simulations using a commercial program ANSYS #Registered Sign# CFX #Registered Sign# dimensions previously obtained by the 3D geometry in CAD format, with the objective of evaluating the single-phase flow inside typical centrifugal pump submerged in the oil industry. The variable measured was the height of elevation and drilling fluids are oil and water.(author)
Feasibility of Self Powered Actuation for Flow, Separation and Vibration Control
Shyam, Vikram; Bak, Dillon; Izadnegahdar, Alain
A gas turbine engine is anywhere from 40-50% efficient. A large amount of energy is wasted as heat. Some of this heat is recoverable through the use of energy harvesting and can be used for powering on-board systems or for storing energy in batteries to replace auxiliary power units (APUs). As hybrid electric aircraft become more common, the use of energy harvesting will see increasingly more benefit and become commonplace in gas turbine engines. For electric aircraft with motors, TEGs would be beneficial for reclaiming waste heat from electric motors. The primary focus of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of harvesting energy from the hot section of a gas turbine engine (for a single aisle Boeing 737 thrust class) using thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The resulting heat could be used to power on-board actuation mechanisms such as plasma actuators and piezoelectric actuators. The work is a result of a two year NASA Center Innovation Fund from 2009 to 2011. The trade-off between thermoelectric harvesting and blade surface temperature were studied to ensure that blade durability is not adversely impacted by embedding a low thermal conductivity TEG. Calculations show that.5-10 Watts can be harvested per blade depending on flow conditions and on the thermoelectric material chosen. BiTe and SiGe were used for this analysis and future thermoelectric generators or multiferroic alloys could considerably improve power output.
The Analysis of Nonlinear Vibrations of Top-Tensioned Cantilever Pipes Conveying Pressurized Steady Two-Phase Flow under Thermal Loading
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Adeshina S. Adegoke
Full Text Available This paper studied the nonlinear vibrations of top-tensioned cantilevered pipes conveying pressurized steady two-phase flow under thermal loading. The coupled axial and transverse governing partial differential equations of motion of the system were derived based on Hamilton's mechanics, with the centerline assumed to be extensible. Using the multiple-scale perturbation technique, natural frequencies, mode shapes, and first order approximate solutions of the steady-state response of the pipes were obtained. The multiple-scale assessment reveals that at some frequencies the system is uncoupled, while at some frequencies a 1:2 coupling exists between the axial and the transverse frequencies of the pipe. Nonlinear frequencies versus the amplitude displacement of the cantilever pipe, conveying two-phase flow at super-critical mixture velocity for the uncoupled scenario, exhibit a nonlinear hardening behavior; an increment in the void fractions of the two-phase flow results in a reduction in the pipe's transverse vibration frequencies and the coupled amplitude of the system. However, increases in the temperature difference, pressure, and the presence of top tension were observed to increase the pipe's transverse vibration frequencies without a significant change in the coupled amplitude of the system.
Numerical method to calculate flow-induced vibration in turbulent flow. 3rd Report. Analysis of vortex-induced vibration in an array of elastically supported tubes; Ranryuba ni okeru ryutai kozotai rensei shindo kaiseki shuho no kaihatsu. 3. Kangun ni okeru uzu reiki shindo kaiseki
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Sadaoka, N.; Umegaki, K. [Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
A vortex-induced vibration of an array of elastically supported tubes is simulated in two-dimension by using a flow-induced vibration analysis program, which was developed in order to evaluate flow-induced vibration in various components such as heat exchangers. From a comparison of calculated results and experimental data, the following points are observed. (1) For the calculated results in a 5 {times} 5 square array, the flow pattern surrounding the first-row tubes is markedly different from that observed in the second-row or third-row tubes. This flow pattern is the same as that obtained from the experiment. (2) All tubes begin to oscillate due to unsteady fluid force and the oscillating mode is different for each row of tubes. These oscillation patterns show the same tendency in the experiments and it is concluded that the developed method can simulate vortex-induced vibration in an array of elastically supported tubes. 19 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Study on the annular leakage-flow-induced vibrations. 1st Report. Stability for translational and rotational single-degree-of-freedom systems; Kanjo sukimaryu reiki shindo ni kansuru kenkyu. 1. Heishin oyobi kaiten 1 jiyudokei no anteise
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Li, D.W. [Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Kaneko, S. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan); Hayama, S. [Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama (Japan)
This study reports the stability of annular leakage-flow-induced vibrations. The pressure distribution of fluid between a fixed outer cylinder and a vibrating inner cylinder was obtained in the case of a translationally and rotationally coupled motion of the inner cylinder. The unsteady fluid force acting on the inner cylinder in the case of translational and rotational single-degree-of-freedom vibrations was then expressed in terms proportional to the acceleration, velocity, and displacement. Then the critical flow rate (at which stability was lost) was determined for an annular leakage-flow-induced vibration. Finally, the stability was investigated theoretically. It is known that instability will occur in the case of a divergent passage, but the critical flow rate depends on the passage increment in a limited range: the eccentricity of the passage and the pressure loss factor at the inlet of the passage lower the stability. (author)
Analysis of the dominant vibration frequencies of rail bridges for structure-borne noise using a power flow method
Li, Q.; Wu, D. J.
The use of concrete bridges in urban rail transit systems has raised many concerns regarding low-frequency (20-200 Hz) structure-borne noise due to the vibration of bridges when subjected to moving trains. Understanding the mechanism that determines the dominant frequencies of bridge vibrations is essential for both vibration and noise reduction. This paper presents a general procedure based on the force method to obtain the power flows within a coupled vehicle-track-bridge system, the point mobility of the system and the dynamic interaction forces connecting various components. The general coupling system consists of multi-rigid-bodies for the vehicles, infinite Euler beams representing the rails, two-dimensional or three-dimensional elements of the concrete bridges, and spring-dashpot pairs to model the wheel-rail contacts, the vehicle suspensions, the rail pads and the bridge bearings. The dynamic interaction of the coupled system is solved in the frequency domain by assuming the combined wheel-rail roughness moves forward relative to the stationary vehicles. The proposed procedure is first applied to a rail on discrete supports and then to a real urban rail transit U-shaped concrete bridge. The computed results show that the wheel-rail contact forces, the power flows to the rail/bridge subsystem and the accelerations of the bridge are primarily dominated by the contents around the natural frequency of a single wheel adhered to the elastically supported rail. If the ath node of the mth spring-dashpot pair and the bth node of the nth spring-dashpot pair are connected to the same rigid body, then δmnab(ω) can be expressed as δmnab(ω)=-{(}/{Mlω}, where Ml is the mass of the lth rigid body. If the ath node of the mth spring-dashpot pair and the bth node of the nth spring-dashpot pair are connected to the same infinite rail, δmnab(ω) can be expressed as [8] δmnab(ω)=-j{((e-je)}/{4EIk}, where xm and xn are the x-coordinates of the mth and nth spring
Features of rotary pump diagnostics without dismantling
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Sergeev K. О.
Full Text Available In ship power plants, rotor pumps have become very popular providing the transfer of various viscous fluids: fuels, oils, etc. Like all ship's mechanisms, pumps need proper maintenance and monitoring of technical condition. The most expedient is maintenance and repair carried out according to the results of dismantling diagnosis. The methods of vibrodiagnostics are mostly widespread for the diagnosis of pumps. Vibrodiagnosis of rotary pumps has a number of features due to the nature and condition of pumped fluids. The norms of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping are used for setting standards of vibration and diagnostics of the rotary pumps' technical condition. To clarify the features of vibration diagnostics of rotary pumps some measurements have been made on a special bench that simulates various modes of ship's pumps' operation: different pressure in the system and temperature of the pumped medium. As a result of measurements one-third octave and narrow-band vibration spectra of pumps have been obtained at various developed pressures and temperatures of the pumped fluid. The performed analysis has shown that the RMRS norms for diagnostics of ship rotary pumps have insufficient informative value inasmuch they do not take into account the dependence of the vibrational signal spectrum on the developed pressure and temperature of the pumped fluid. The nature of the received signals shows that the levels of a third-octave spectrum of the vibration velocity depend significantly on the temperature of the pumped fluids, this fact must be taken into account when applying the RMRS norms. The fluid temperature has a great influence on the nature of the narrow-band vibration acceleration spectrum in the area of medium frequencies, less influence – on the nature of the vibration velocity spectrum. The conclusions have been drawn about the advisability of using the narrow-band vibration spectra and the envelope spectra of the high
Milk flow rates can be used to identify and investigate milk ejection in women expressing breast milk using an electric breast pump.
Ramsay, Donna T; Mitoulas, Leon R; Kent, Jacqueline C; Cregan, Mark D; Doherty, Dorota A; Larsson, Michael; Hartmann, Peter E
Currently there is no simple method available to assess milk ejection and breast milk flow in lactating women in both the clinical and research setting. The authors hypothesize that changes in milk flow rate are associated with milk ejection and therefore may provide a method suitable for the assessment of milk ejection and removal. Mothers (n = 23) expressed milk from one breast for a 15-minute period using both weak and strong vacuums on two to four separate occasions using an experimental electric breast pump (Medela AG, Baar, Switzerland). Breast milk flow rates were recorded at 5-second intervals by connecting a tube from the breast shield to a bottle placed on a balance that was connected to a computer. Milk ejection was determined by an acute increase in milk duct diameter in the contralateral breast using ultrasound (Acuson XP10, Siemens, Mountain View, CA), and the change in duct diameter was compared with milk flow rates. Milk flow rates ranged from 0 to 4.6 g per 5-second period. Increases in flow rates were positively associated with increases in duct diameter (p flow rates. This direct relationship between increases in duct diameter and acute increases in milk flow rates suggests that changes in flow rates can be used to identify milk ejection in the absence of ultrasound data.
Flow vibration-doubled concentric system coupled with low ratio amine to produce bile acid-macrocapsules of β-cells.
Mooranian, Armin; Negrulj, Rebecca; Al-Salami, Hani
Pancreatic β-cell microencapsulation using sodium alginate (SA), polylornithine (PLO) copolymers, and ultrasoluble hydrogels, polystyrenes and polyallamines (PAA), has been heavily studied. However, long-term success remains limited due to poor macrocapsules' physical properties and cell functions. Our study aimed to incorporate percentages of PAA and ursodeoxycholic acid, into SA and PLO dispersion mixture and examine best microencapsulating methods and best macrocapsules containing β-cells. Microencapsulating parameters were examined and the Flow-Vibrational Nozzle built-in system was screened and found to be most efficient at high frequency (1900 Hz). Macrocapsules were produced with or without ursodeoxycholic acid in percentages: 0.018SA:0.01PLO:0.005PAA:0.04ursodeoxycholic acid (up to 100% H2O). Using the refined microencapsulation method with vibrational frequency of 1900 Hz, macrocapsules with ursodeoxycholic acid had optimized cell viability and biological functions and ameliorated inflammatory biomarkers. High frequency and air-pressure with Flow-Vibrational encapsulation using the mixture: 0.018SA:0.01PLO:0.005PAA:0.04ursodeoxycholic acid resulted in better cell biology suggesting potentials in β-cell transplantation.
Evolution of disturbances in the shock layer on a flat plate in the flow of a mixture of vibrationally excited gases
Kirilovskiy, S. V.; Poplavskaya, T. V.; Tsyryulnikov, I. S.; Maslov, A. A.
The results of the numerical and experimental investigations of the evolution of the disturbances in a hypersonic shock layer on a flat plate streamlined by a flow of the mixture of vibrationally excited gases are presented. The experimental study was conducted in the hot-shot high-enthalpy wind tunnel IT-302 of the ITAM SB RAS. The numerical simulation was carried out with the aid of the ANSYS Fluent package using the solution of the unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with the incorporation of the user-created modules and enabling the consideration of the vibrational non-equilibrium of the carbon dioxide molecules within the framework of the model of the two-temperature aerodynamics. It was obtained that an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in the mixture with air leads to a reduction of the intensity of pressure disturbances on the surface. The efficiency (up to 20 %) of the method of sound absorbing coatings in the vibrationally excited flows of the mixture of the carbon dioxide and air has been shown.
Numerical Investigation of the FSI Characteristics in a Tubular Pump
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Shuo Wang
Full Text Available Flow condition was simulated in a shaft tubular pump by using the Shear-Stress Transport (SST k-ω turbulence model with high quality structured grids in design condition. Corresponding structural vibration characteristics were then analyzed based on two-way coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI method. Fluid results showed that flow in the outlet flow passage was a combination of the axial flow and circumferential rotation motion. Time and frequency domain analysis of pressure pulsation of typical measure points indicated that larger pulsation amplitudes appeared in the tip of the blades and the main vibration source was the pressure pulsation induced by rotation of the blades. The fluid pulsation amplitudes decreased gradually along the flow direction, which can be ascribed to the function of fixed guide vane. Structural analysis of the blades in both pressure and suction side indicated that significant stress concentration was formed at the blade and hub connection near the leading edge. Maximum effective stress of the blades varied periodically, so prevention measures of the fatigue of blades should be taken. This research can provide important reference for the design of the tubular pump.
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A comparison of heterogenous and homogenous models of two-phase transonic compressible CO2 flow through a heat pump ejector
Bulinski, Zbigniew; Smolka, Jacek; Fic, Adam; Banasiak, Krzysztof; Nowak, Andrzej J.
This paper presents mathematical model of a two-phase transonic flow occurring in a CO2 ejector which replaces a throttling valve typically used in heat pump systems. It combines functions of the expander and compressor and it recovers the expansion energy lost by a throttling valve in the classical heat pump cycle. Two modelling approaches were applied for this problem, namely a heterogenous and homogenous. In the heterogenous model an additional differential transport equation for the mass fraction of the gas phase is solved. The evaporation and condensation process in this model is described with use of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. In the homogenous model, phases are traced based on the thermodynamic parameters. Hence the heterogenous model is capable to predict non-equilibrium conditions. Results obtained with both models were compared with the experimental measurements.
Fluid Surface Damping: A Technique for Vibration Suppression of Beams
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Hany Ghoneim
Full Text Available A fluid surface damping (FSD technique for vibration suppression of beamlikestructures is proposed. The technique is a modification of the surface layer damping method. Two viscoelastic surface layers containing fluid-filled cavities are attached symmetrically to the opposite surfaces of the beam. The cavities on one side are attached to the corresponding cavities on the other side via connection passages. As the beam vibrates, the fluid is pumped back and forth through the connecting passages. Therefore, in addition to the viscoelastic damping provided by the surface layers, the technique offers viscous damping due to the fluid flow through the passage. A mathematical model for the proposed technique is developed, normalized, and solved in the frequency domain to investigate the effect of various parameters on the vibration suppression of a cantilever beam. The steady-state frequency response for a base white-noise excitation is calculated at the beam's free tip and over a frequency range containing the first five resonant frequencies. The parameters investigated are the flow-through passage viscous resistance, the length and location of the layers, the hydraulic capacitance of the fluid-filled cavities, and inertia of the moving fluid (hydraulic inertance. Results indicate that the proposed technique has promising potential in the field of vibration suppression of beamlike structures. With two FSD elements, all peak vibration amplitudes can be well suppressed over the entire frequency spectrum studied.
Technical Subtopic 2.1: Modeling Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Equipment in EnergyPlus
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Raustad, Richard; Nigusse, Bereket; Domitrovic, Ron
The University of Central Florida/Florida Solar Energy Center, in cooperation with the Electric Power Research Institute and several variable-refrigerant-flow heat pump (VRF HP) manufacturers, provided a detailed computer model for a VRF HP system in the United States Department of Energy's (U.S. DOE) EnergyPlus? building energy simulation tool. Detailed laboratory testing and field demonstrations were performed to measure equipment performance and compare this performance to both the manufacturer's data and that predicted by the use of this new model through computer simulation. The project goal was to investigate the complex interactions of VRF HP systems from an HVAC system perspective, and explore the operational characteristics of this HVAC system type within a laboratory and real world building environment. Detailed laboratory testing of this advanced HVAC system provided invaluable performance information which does not currently exist in the form required for proper analysis and modeling. This information will also be useful for developing and/or supporting test standards for VRF HP systems. Field testing VRF HP systems also provided performance and operational information pertaining to installation, system configuration, and operational controls. Information collected from both laboratory and field tests were then used to create and validate the VRF HP system computer model which, in turn, provides architects, engineers, and building owners the confidence necessary to accurately and reliably perform building energy simulations. This new VRF HP model is available in the current public release version of DOE?s EnergyPlus software and can be used to investigate building energy use in both new and existing building stock. The general laboratory testing did not use the AHRI Standard 1230 test procedure and instead used an approach designed to measure the field installed full-load operating performance. This projects test methodology used the air
Comparison of modified chandler, roller pump, and ball valve circulation models for in vitro testing in high blood flow conditions: application in thrombogenicity testing of different materials for vascular applications.
van Oeveren, Wim; Tielliu, Ignace F; de Hart, Jurgen
Three different models, a modified Chandler loop, roller pump, and a new ball valve model (Hemobile), were compared with regard to intrinsic damage of blood components and activation of platelets. The Hemobile was used for testing of polymer tubes. High flow was not possible with the Chandler loop. The roller pump and the Hemobile could be adjusted to high flow, but he pump induced hemolysis. Platelet numbers were reduced in the roller pump and Chandler loop (P Dyneema Purity UHMWPE fiber and PET fiber based tubes, all showed hemolysis below 0.2% and reduced platelet count and function. Binding of fibrin and platelets was higer on PET, inflammatory markers were lowest on Dyneema Purity UHMWPE. We concluded that the Hemobile minimally affects blood and could be adjusted to high blood flows, simulating arterial shear stress. The Hemobile was used to measure hemocompatibility of graft material and showed Dyneema Purity UHMWPE fiber in many ways more hemocompatible than ePTFE and PET.
Investigation of pumping mechanism for non-Newtonian blood flow with AC electrothermal forces in a microchannel by hybrid boundary element method and immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method.
Ren, Qinlong
Efficient pumping of blood flow in a microfluidic device is essential for rapid detection of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) using alternating current (AC) electrokinetics. Compared with AC electroosmosis (ACEO) phenomenon, the advantage of AC electrothermal (ACET) mechanism is its capability of pumping biofluids with high electrical conductivities at a relatively high AC voltage frequency. In the current work, the microfluidic pumping of non-Newtonian blood flow using ACET forces is investigated in detail by modeling its multi-physics process with hybrid boundary element method (BEM) and immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). The Carreau-Yasuda model is used to simulate the realistic rheological behavior of blood flow. The ACET pumping efficiency of blood flow is studied in terms of different AC voltage magnitudes and frequencies, thermal boundary conditions of electrodes, electrode configurations, channel height, and the channel length per electrode pair. Besides, the effect of rheological behavior on the blood flow velocity is theoretically analyzed by comparing with the Newtonian fluid flow using scaling law analysis under the same physical conditions. The results indicate that the rheological behavior of blood flow and its frequency-dependent dielectric property make the pumping phenomenon of blood flow different from that of the common Newtonian aqueous solutions. It is also demonstrated that using a thermally insulated electrode could enhance the pumping efficiency dramatically. Besides, the results conclude that increasing the AC voltage magnitude is a more economical pumping approach than adding the number of electrodes with the same energy consumption when the Joule heating effect is acceptable. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Impact of flow induced vibration acoustic loads on the design of the Laguna Verde Unit 2 steam dryer
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Forsyth, D. R.; Wellstein, L. F.; Theuret, R. C.; Han, Y.; Rajakumar, C. [Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (United States); Amador C, C.; Sosa F, W., E-mail: email@example.com [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Central Nucleoelectrica Laguna Verde, Km 42.5 Carretera Cardel-Nautla, 91680 Alto Lucero, Veracruz (Mexico)
Industry experience with Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) has shown that increasing the steam flow through the main steam lines (MSLs) to implement an extended power up rate (EPU) may lead to amplified acoustic loads on the steam dryer, which may negatively affect the structural integrity of the component. The source of these acoustic loads has been found to be acoustic resonance of the side branches on the MSLs, specifically, coupling of the vortex shedding frequency and natural acoustic frequency of safety relief valves (SRVs). The resonance that results from this coupling can contribute significant acoustic energy into the MSL system, which may propagate upstream into the reactor pressure vessel steam dome and drive structural vibration of steam dryer components. This can lead to high-cycle fatigue issues. Lock-in between the vortex shedding frequency and SRV natural frequency, as well as the ability for acoustic energy to propagate into the MSL system, are a function of many things, including the plant operating conditions, geometry of the MSL/SRV junction, and placement of SRVs with respect to each other on the MSLs. Comision Federal de Electricidad and Westinghouse designed, fabricated, and installed acoustic side branches (ASBs) on the MSLs which effectively act in the system as an energy absorber, where the acoustic standing wave generated in the side-branch is absorbed and dissipated inside the ASB. These ASBs have been very successful in reducing the amount of acoustic energy which propagates into the steam dome. In addition, modifications to the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2 steam dryer have been completed to reduce the stress levels in critical locations in the dryer. The objective of this paper is to describe the acoustic side branch concept and the design iterative processes that were undertaken at Laguna Verde Unit 2 to achieve a steam dryer design that meets the guidelines of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure
Automatic swirl angle measurements for pump intake design
Fockert, A. de; Westende, J.M.C. van 't; Verhaart, F.I.H.
Pre-swirl occurring in pump intake basins influences pump efficiency and lifetime. The exact effect on a pump depends on the pump design. In order to optimize the approach flow towards the pump, physical scale modelling is often applied following the guidelines formulated in pump intake design
A study of the flow boiling heat transfer in a minichannel for a heated wall with surface texture produced by vibration-assisted laser machining
Piasecka, Magdalena; Strąk, Kinga; Maciejewska, Beata; Grabas, Bogusław
The paper presents results concerning flow boiling heat transfer in a vertical minichannel with a depth of 1.7 mm and a width of 16 mm. The element responsible for heating FC-72, which flowed laminarly in the minichannel, was a plate with an enhanced surface. Two types of surface textures were considered. Both were produced by vibration-assisted laser machining. Infrared thermography was used to record changes in the temperature on the outer smooth side of the plate. Two-phase flow patterns were observed through a glass pane. The main aim of the study was to analyze how the two types of surface textures affect the heat transfer coefficient. A two-dimensional heat transfer approach was proposed to determine the local values of the heat transfer coefficient. The inverse problem for the heated wall was solved using a semi-analytical method based on the Trefftz functions. The results are presented as relationships between the heat transfer coefficient and the distance along the minichannel length and as boiling curves. The experimental data obtained for the two types of enhanced heated surfaces was compared with the results recorded for the smooth heated surface. The highest local values of the heat transfer coefficient were reported in the saturated boiling region for the plate with the type 1 texture produced by vibration-assisted laser machining.
Left ventricular dimension decrement index early after axial flow assist device implantation: A novel risk marker for late pump thrombosis.
Joyce, Emer; Stewart, Garrick C; Hickey, Maryclare; Coakley, Lara; Rivero, Jose M; Gosev, Igor; Givertz, Michael M; Couper, Gregory S; Mehra, Mandeep R
It is increasingly recognized that pump thrombosis most likely represents the end stage of a complex interaction between the patient-pump interface. We hypothesized that early patient/pump mismatch, as manifested by suboptimal left ventricular (LV) unloading early after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, may be a harbinger of increased risk for later LVAD thrombosis. In 64 patients (59 ± 11 years old, 78% men, 44% destination therapy) discharged alive without thrombosis or other device malfunction after first HeartMate II LVAD implantation (between January 2011 and June 2014), LV dimensions in end diastole (LVIDd) and end systole (LVIDs) were compared between pre-implant and optimal set speed pre-discharge echocardiography. LV dimension decrement indices (pre-implant dimension - optimal set speed dimension ÷ pre-implant dimension × 100) for LVIDd [LVIDdDI] and LVIDs [LVIDsDI] were calculated. The incidence of pump thrombosis was 0.06 per patient year (n = 18, median time 8 [interquartile range 2, 17] months). Baseline characteristics including pre-operative LVIDd and LVIDs were similar between LVAD thrombosis and no thrombosis groups. After ventricular assist device implantation, set speed and other ramp parameters did not differ between groups. However, LVIDdDI (19 ± 13% vs 25 ± 11%, p = 0.04) and LVIDsDI (16 ± 16% vs 27 ± 13%, p = 0.008) were significantly lower in patients with later pump thrombosis. A cutoff value of ≤15% using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 83% sensitive for LVIDdDI and LVIDsDI for predicting pump thrombosis. Patients with LVIDdDI of >15% vs ≤15% were significantly more likely to be free of pump thrombosis over a median follow-up period of 15 (interquartile range 9, 26) months (log-rank test, p = 0.045). LV dimension decrement index at optimized speed setting on pre-discharge echocardiography is associated with LVAD thrombosis. Copyright © 2015 International Society for Heart and Lung
Vortex-induced vibrations of circular cylinder in cross flow at supercritical Reynolds numbers; Chorinkai Reynolds su ryoiki ni okeru enchu no uzu reiki shindo
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kawamura, T.; Nakao, T.; Takahashi, M.; Hayashi, M.; Goto, N. [Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
Vortex-induced vibrations were measured for a circular cylinder subjected to a water cross flow at supercritical Reynolds numbers for a wide range of reduced velocities. Turbulence intensities were changed from 1% to 13% in order to investigate the effect of the Strouhal number on the region of synchronization by symmetrical and Karman vortex shedding. The reduced damping of the test cylinder was about 0.1 in water. The surface roughness of the cylinder was a mirror-polished surface. Strouhal number decreased from about 0.48 to 0.29 with increasing turbulence intensity. Synchronized vibrations were observed even at supercritical Reynolds numbers where fluctuating fluid force was small. Reduced velocities at which drag and lift direction lock-in by Karman vortex shedding were initiated decreased with increasing Strouhal number. When Strouhal number was about 0.29, the self-excited vibration in drag direction by symmetrical vortex shedding began at which the frequency ratio of Karman vortex shedding frequency to the natural frequency of cylinder was 0.32. (author)
Satellite Propellant Pump Research
Schneider, Steven J.; Veres, Joseph P.; Hah, Chunill; Nerone, Anthony L.; Cunningham, Cameron C.; Kraft, Thomas G.; Tavernelli, Paul F.; Fraser, Bryan
NASA Glenn initiated a satellite propellant pump technology demonstration program. The goal was to demonstrate the technologies for a 60 percent efficient pump at 1 gpm flow rate and 500 psia pressure rise. The pump design and analysis used the in-house developed computer codes named PUMPA and HPUMP3D. The requirements lead to a 4-stage impeller type pump design with a tip diameter of 0.54 inches and a rotational speed of 57,000 rpm. Analyses indicated that flow cavitation was not a problem in the design. Since the flow was incompressible, the stages were identical. Only the 2-stage pump was designed, fabricated, assembled, and tested for demonstration. Water was selected as the surrogate fluid for hydrazine in this program. Complete mechanical design including stress and dynamic analyses were conducted. The pump was driven by an electric motor directly coupled to the impellers. Runs up to 57,000 rpm were conducted, where a pressure rise of 200 psia at a flow rate of 0.8 gpm was measured to validate the design effort.
... Washing (COW) System on Tank Vessels Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.126 Pumps. (a) Crude oil must be supplied to the COW machines by COW system pumps or cargo pumps. (b) The pumps under paragraph...) A sufficient pressure and flow is supplied to allow the simultaneous operation of those COW machines...
Numerical and experimental analysis of an axial flow left ventricular assist device: the influence of the diffuser on overall pump performance.
Untaroiu, Alexandrina; Throckmorton, Amy L; Patel, Sonna M; Wood, Houston G; Allaire, Paul E; Olsen, Don B
Thousands of adult cardiac failure patients may benefit from the availability of an effective, long-term ventricular assist device (VAD). We have developed a fully implantable, axial flow VAD (LEV-VAD) with a magnetically levitated impeller as a viable option for these patients. This pump's streamlined and unobstructed blood flow path provides its unique design and facilitates continuous washing of all surfaces contacting blood. One internal fluid contacting region, the diffuser, is extremely important to the pump's ability to produce adequate pressure but is challenging to manufacture, depending on the complex blade geometries. This study examines the influence of the diffuser on the overall LEV-VAD performance. A combination of theoretical analyses, computational fluid (CFD) simulations, and experimental testing was performed for three different diffuser models: six-bladed, three-bladed, and no-blade configuration. The diffuser configurations were computationally and experimentally investigated for flow rates of 2-10 L/min at rotational speeds of 5000-8000 rpm. For these operating conditions, CFD simulations predicted the LEV-VAD to deliver physiologic pressures with hydraulic efficiencies of 15-32%. These numerical performance results generally agreed within 10% of the experimental measurements over the entire range of rotational speeds tested. Maximum scalar stress levels were estimated to be 450 Pa for 6 L/min at 8000 rpm along the blade tip surface of the impeller. Streakline analysis demonstrated maximum fluid residence times of 200 ms with a majority of particles exiting the pump in 80 ms. Axial fluid forces remained well within counter force generation capabilities of the magnetic suspension design. The no-bladed configuration generated an unacceptable hydraulic performance. The six-diffuser-blade model produced a flow rate of 6 L/min against 100 mm Hg for 6000 rpm rotational speed, while the three-diffuser-blade model produced the same flow rate and
The impact of haemodilution and bypass pump flow on cerebral oxygen desaturation during cardiopulmonary bypass--A comparison of two systems of cardiopulmonary bypass.
Bennett, M J; Weatherall, M; Webb, G; Dudnikov, S F; Lloyd, C T
To determine the influence of haemodilution, bypass flow rates and calculated oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with either a conventional CPB (C-CPB) circuit or a miniaturised (Mini-CPB) circuit on cerebral oxygen desaturation. The effect of minimal haemodilution with a Mini-CPB was investigated. Eighty patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery. Oxygenated haemoglobin (O2Hb) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) were measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The average indexed bypass pump flow was significantly lower with Mini-CPB. When combined with haemoglobin concentration, the average oxygen delivery was the same between groups. Patients in the C-CPB group had a greater duration and severity of cerebral desaturation to a level bypass, whereas desaturation with Mini-CPB was associated with low perioperative haemoglobin concentration. © The Author(s) 2014.
Electrostatic process for a heat pump with spontaneous flow; Procede electrostatique de pompe a chaleur a ecoulement spontane
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Brochet, J.L.
This document describes a new type of high-performance electrostatic gas heat pump. An electrical field is created at the surface of the hot plate (the 'electrostatic' plate) which polarizes and attracts the gas molecules. The thermodynamic principle and the technical aspects of this invention are described, together with some specific applications (thermoelectric converter with a unique heat source, plant for power and fresh water production from seawater). (J.S.)
Supercritical waste oxidation pump investigation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Thurston, G.; Garcia, K.
This report investigates the pumping techniques and pumping equipment that would be appropriate for a 5,000 gallon per day supercritical water oxidation waste disposal facility. The pumps must boost water, waste, and additives from atmospheric pressure to approximately 27.6 MPa (4,000 psia). The required flow ranges from 10 gpm to less than 0.1 gpm. For the higher flows, many commercial piston pumps are available. These pumps have packing and check-valves that will require periodic maintenance; probably at 2 to 6 month intervals. Several commercial diaphragm pumps were also discovered that could pump the higher flow rates. Diaphragm pumps have the advantage of not requiring dynamic seals. For the lower flows associated with the waste and additive materials, commercial diaphragm pumps. are available. Difficult to pump materials that are sticky, radioactive, or contain solids, could be injected with an accumulator using an inert gas as the driving mechanism. The information presented in this report serves as a spring board for trade studies and the development of equipment specifications.
Comparative Study for Evaluation of Mass Flow Rate for Simple Solar Still and Active with Heat Pump
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hidouri Khaoula
Full Text Available In isolated and arid areas, especially in the almost Maghreb regions, the abundant solar radiation intensity along the year and the available brackish water resources are the two favorable conditions for using solar desalination technology to produce fresh water. The present study is based on the use of three groups of correlation, for evaluating mass transfer. Theoretical results are compared with those obtained experimentally for a Simple Solar Distiller (SSD and a Simple Solar Distiller Hybrid with a Heat Pump (SSDHP stills. Experimental results and those calculated by Lewis number correlation show good agreements. Results obtained by Dunkle, Kumar and Tiwari correlations are not satisfactory with the experimental ones. Theoretical results, as well as statistical analysis, are presented. The model with heat pump ( for two configurations (111 and (001 give more output compared with the model without heat pump ((000 and (110. This results where agree for the use of the statistic results, the error it less with Lewis number as compared with the different correlation.
Simulation of the flow obstruction of a jet pump in a BWR reactor with the code RELAP/SCDAPSIM; Simulacion de la obstruccion de flujo de una bomba jet en un reactor BWR con el codigo RELAP/SCDAPSIM
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cardenas V, J.; Filio L, C., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Comision Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias, Dr. Jose M. Barragan 779, Col. Narvarte, 03020 Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico)
This work simulates the flow obstruction of a jet pump in one of the recirculation loops of a nuclear power plant with a reactor of type BWR at 100% of operating power, in order to analyze the behavior of the total flow of the refrigerant passing through the reactor core, the total flow in each recirculation loop of the reactor, together with the 10 jet pumps of each loop. The behavior of the power and the reactivity insertion due to the change of the refrigerant flow pattern is also analyzed. The simulation was carried out using the RELAP/SCDAPSIM version 3.5 code, using a reactor model with 10 jet pumps in each recirculation loop and a core consisting of 6 radial zones and 25 axial zones. The scenario postulates the flow obstruction in a jet pump in a recirculation loop A when the reactor operates at 100% rated power, causing a change in the total flow of refrigerant in the reactor core, leading to a decrease in power. Once the reactor conditions are established to its new power, the operator tries to recover the nominal power using the flow control valve of the recirculation loop A, opening stepwise as a strategy to safely recover the reactor power. In this analysis is assumed that the intention of the nuclear plant operator is to maintain the operation of the reactor during the established cycle. (Author)
The mechanism performance of improved oil pump with micro-structured vanes
Li, Ping; Xie, Jin; Qi, Dongtao; Li, Houbu
The wear of oil pump vanes easily leads to the noise and vibration, even results the decrease of volume efficiency and total efficiency. In order to reduce the friction and improve the lubrication between the vane and the pump inner wall, the micro-machining of micro-structure on the oil pump vanes is proposed. First, the micro-V-grooves with the depth ranging from 500μm to 50μm were micro-grinding on the top of the vanes by a diamond grinding wheel. Secondly, the experiments were conducted to test the actual flow rate, the output power and the overall efficiency of the oil pump with and without the micro-groove vanes. Then, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was adopted to simulate the pump internal flow field. Finally, the micro-flow field between the internal wall of the oil pump and the top of micro-grooved vanes was analyzed. The results shows that the pump overall efficiency increased as the decrease of micro-groove depth from 500 μm to 50μm and not be affected by the rotate speed and working frequency of the pump rotator. Especially the micro-groove with depth of 50μm, the actual flow rate, the output power and the overall efficiency reached to the maximum. From CFD simulation, the velocity of the micro-flow between the surfaces of the vane and inner wall was larger than the pump linear velocity when the microstructure depth is larger than 50μm, leading to an internal leakage. When the micro-groove depth is between10-50μm, the velocity of the micro-flow was less than the pump linear velocity and no internal leakage was found, but the oil film thickness is too small to be beneficial to lubrication according to the fluid dynamic characteristics. Thus, for the oil pump equipping with micro-grooved vane with the depth of 50 μm, the internal leakage not only is avoided but the lubrication efficiency is improved and the oil pump efficiency is also enhanced.
Segal, Dvira; Nitzan, Abraham
We propose a novel molecular device that pumps heat against a thermal gradient. The system consists of a molecular element connecting two thermal reservoirs that are characterized by different spectral properties. The pumping action is achieved by applying an external force that periodically modulates molecular levels. This modulation affects periodic oscillations of the internal temperature of the molecule and the strength of its coupling to each reservoir resulting in a net heat flow in the...
Influence of inspiratory flow pattern and nebulizer position on aerosol delivery with a vibrating-mesh nebulizer during invasive mechanical ventilation: an in vitro analysis.
Dugernier, Jonathan; Wittebole, Xavier; Roeseler, Jean; Michotte, Jean-Bernard; Sottiaux, Thierry; Dugernier, Thierry; Laterre, Pierre-François; Reychler, Gregory
Aerosol delivery during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) depends on nebulizer type, placement of the nebulizer and ventilator settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of two inspiratory flow patterns on amikacin delivery with a vibrating-mesh nebulizer placed at different positions on an adult lung model of IMV equipped with a proximal flow sensor (PFS). IMV was simulated using a ventilator connected to a lung model through an 8-mm inner-diameter endotracheal tube. The impact of a decelerating and a constant flow pattern on aerosol delivery was evaluated in volume-controlled mode (tidal volume 500 mL, 20 breaths/min, inspiratory time of 1 sec, bias flow of 10 L/min). An amikacin solution (250 mg/3 mL) was nebulized with Aeroneb Solo(®) placed at five positions on the ventilator circuit equipped with a PFS: connected to the endotracheal tube (A), to the Y-piece (B), placed at 15 cm (C) and 45 cm upstream of the Y-piece (D), and placed at 15 cm of the inspiratory outlet of the ventilator (E). The four last positions were also tested without PFS. Deposited doses of amikacin were measured using the gravimetric residual method. Amikacin delivery was significantly reduced with a decelerating inspiratory flow pattern compared to a constant flow (p<0.05). With a constant inspiratory flow pattern, connecting the nebulizer to the endotracheal tube enabled similar deposited doses than these obtained when connecting the nebulizer close to the ventilator. The PFS reduced deposited doses only when the nebulizer was connected to the Y-piece with both flow patterns or placed at 15 cm of the Y-piece with a constant inspiratory flow (p<0.01). Using similar tidal volume and inspiratory time, a constant flow pattern (30 L/min) delivers a higher amount of amikacin through an endotracheal tube compared to a decelerating inspiratory flow pattern (peak inspiratory flow around 60 L/min). The optimal nebulizer position depends on the
Numerical Simulation of Pressure Fluctuation around the Tongue Region in a Centrifugal Pump
Zheng, L. L.; Dou, H.-S.; Chen, X. P.; Zhu, Z. C.; Cui, B. L.
Pressure fluctuation near the tongue is one of the primary sources of pump vibration and noise. In order to investigate the effect of pressure fluctuation near the tongue, the RANS equations and the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model are employed to simulate the flow in the pump. The SIMPLE algorithm is applied to couple the solutions of the system of equations. Flow field within the centrifugal pump under different flow rates are obtained by simulation. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data to verify the reliability of the calculation model. It is found that the pressure fluctuation at each monitor point is a periodic wave but non-uniform under small flow rate. When the flow rate is larger than the design flow rate, average pressure and standard deviation at monitor points is relative uniform. The dominate frequency of pressure fluctuation is the blade passing frequency and the amplitude of pressure fluctuation is regular. At small flow rate, complex unstable flow makes average pressure and standard deviation at monitor points increasing obviously. Amplitude of pressure fluctuation is larger than that of design flow rate conditions and the maximum amplitude of pressure fluctuation in frequency domain exists at the monitor point just behind the tongue along the impeller rotation direction.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andrusenko E.N.
Full Text Available In connection with elaboration of new technologies of hydrocarbons extraction from shales, in the oil and gas industry, the great attention is payed to the problems of drilling inclined and horizontal bore-holes. The peculiarities of these bore-hole drivage consist in essential influence of friction and contact forces on proceeding of drilling processes. In this paper, the problem about bifurcational buckling and small bending vibration of a rotating drill string lying in the channel of a horizontal bore-hole is stated. With allowance made for friction forces and additional constraint reactions, differential equations are deduced, their eigen-value solutions describing stability and vibration of the drill string of finite and infinite lengths are received.
The Influence of Swirl Brakes and a Tip Discharge Orifice on the Rotordynamic Forces Generated by Discharge-to-Suction Leakage Flows in Shrouded Centrifugal Pumps
Sivo, Joseph M.; Acosta, A. J.; Brennen, C. E.; Caughey, T. K.
Recent experiments conducted in the Rotor Force Test Facility at the California Institute of Technology have examined the effects of a tip leakage restriction and swirl brakes on the rotordynamic forces due to leakage flows on an impeller undergoing a prescribed circular whirl. The experiments simulate the leakage flow conditions and geometry of the Alternate Turbopump Design (ATD) of the Space Shuttle High Pressure Oxygen Turbopump and are critical to evaluating the pump's rotordynamic instability problems. Previous experimental and analytical results have shown that discharge-to-suction leakage flows in the annulus of a shrouded centrifugal pump contribute substantially to the fluid induced rotordynamic forces. Also, previous experiments have shown that leakage inlet (pump discharge) swirl can increase the cross-coupled stiffness coefficient and hence increase the range of positive whirl for which the tangential force is destabilizing. In recent experimental work, the present authors demonstrated that when the swirl velocity within the leakage path is reduced by the introduction of ribs or swirl brakes, then a substantial decrease in both the destabilizing normal and tangential forces could be achieved. Motivation for the present research is that previous experiments have shown that restrictions such as wear rings or orifices at pump inlets affect the leakage forces. Recent pump designs such as the Space Shuttle Alternate Turbopump Design (ATD) utilize tip orifices at discharge for the purpose of establishing axial thrust balance. The ATD has experienced rotordynamic instability problems and one may surmise that these tip discharge orifices may also have an important effect on the normal and tangential forces in the plane of impeller rotation. The present study determines if such tip leakage restrictions contribute to undesirable rotordynamic forces. Additional motivation for the present study is that the widening of the leakage path annular clearance and the
Macmichael, DBA
A fully revised and extended account of the design, manufacture and use of heat pumps in both industrial and domestic applications. Topics covered include a detailed description of the various heat pump cycles, the components of a heat pump system - drive, compressor, heat exchangers etc., and the more practical considerations to be taken into account in their selection.
Simulated flow of groundwater and brine from a flooded salt mine in Livingston County, New York, and effects of remedial pumping on an overlying aquifer
Yager, Richard M.; Miller, Todd S.; Kappel, William M.; Misut, Paul E.; Langevin, Christian D.; Parkhurst, David L.; deVries, M. Peter
began a brine-mitigation project that entailed pumping five wells finished in limestone and shale units within the collapse areas to alter the flow gradient and thereby prevent further movement of brine and saline water into the LCA. The pumped brine was routed to an onsite desalination plant. At the same time, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study in cooperation with the New York State Office of the Attorney General to construct numerical models to analyze the groundwater chemistry and delineate the directions of flow. Specific objectives of the study were to: * Assess the sources of salinity within the collapse area and identify the factors that control the movement and mixing of freshwater, saline waters from fracture zones, and brine; * Evaluate the likelihood that the pumping will induce anhydrite dissolution and lead to continued land subsidence; * Construct variable-density groundwater flow models to predict the effect of remedial pumping on salinity within the LCA; * Evaluate the effectiveness of remedial pumping in preventing the movement of saline water into the LCA; and * Predict the extent of brine migration 8 years after a hypothetical shutdown of all pumping in 2008. This report (1) summarizes the hydrogeologic setting and effects of mine flooding, (2) describes the geochemical and variable-density model simulations and their principal results, (3) discusses the implications of (a) continued pumping and desalination to protect the LCA and (b) a full shutdown of pumping after 2008, and (4) suggests further research that could lead to refinement of model predictions. Additional information may be found in Yager and others (2001 and 2009). These reports can be accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1611/ and http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1767/, respectively. A summary of simulation results can be accessed at http://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/Coram/seawat/seawat.html.
Performance evaluation of a ground-source heat pump system utilizing a flowing well and estimation of suitable areas for its installation in Aizu Basin, Japan
Shrestha, Gaurav; Uchida, Youhei; Kuronuma, Satoru; Yamaya, Mutsumi; Katsuragi, Masahiko; Kaneko, Shohei; Shibasaki, Naoaki; Yoshioka, Mayumi
Development of a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system with higher efficiency, and evaluation of its operating performance, is essential to expand the growth of GSHP systems in Japan. A closed-loop GSHP system was constructed utilizing a flowing (artesian) well as a ground heat exchanger (GHE). The system was demonstrated for space-heating and space-cooling of a room (area 126.7 m2) in an office building. The average coefficient of performance was found to be 4.5 for space-heating and 8.1 for space-cooling. The maximum heat exchange rate was 70.8 W/m for space-heating and 57.6 W/m for space-cooling. From these results, it was determined that a GSHP system with a flowing well as a GHE can result in higher performance. With this kind of highly efficient system, energy saving and cost reduction can be expected. In order to assess appropriate locations for the installation of similar kinds of GSHP systems in Aizu Basin, a suitability map showing the distribution of groundwater up-flowing areas was prepared based on the results of a regional-scale three-dimensional analytical model. Groundwater up-flowing areas are considered to be suitable because the flowing well can be constructed at these areas. Performance evaluation of the GSHP system utilizing the flowing well, in conjunction with the prepared suitability map for its installation, can assist in the promotion of GSHP systems in Japan.
Brodowicz, Kazimierz; Wyszynski, M L; Wyszynski
Heat pumps and related technology are in widespread use in industrial processes and installations. This book presents a unified, comprehensive and systematic treatment of the design and operation of both compression and sorption heat pumps. Heat pump thermodynamics, the choice of working fluid and the characteristics of low temperature heat sources and their application to heat pumps are covered in detail.Economic aspects are discussed and the extensive use of the exergy concept in evaluating performance of heat pumps is a unique feature of the book. The thermodynamic and chemical properties o
Numerical Investigation of Pressure Fluctuation Characteristics in a Centrifugal Pump with Variable Axial Clearance
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Lei Cao
Full Text Available Clearance flows in the sidewall gaps of centrifugal pumps are unsteady as well as main flows in the volute casing and impeller, which may cause vibration and noise, and the corresponding pressure fluctuations are related to the axial clearance size. In this paper, unsteady numerical simulations were conducted to predict the unsteady flows within the entire flow passage of a centrifugal pump operating in the design condition. Pressure fluctuation characteristics in the volute casing, impeller, and sidewall gaps were investigated with three axial clearance sizes. Results show that an axial clearance variation affects the pressure fluctuation characteristics in each flow domain by different degree. The greatest pressure fluctuation occurs at the blade pressure surface and is almost not influenced by the axial clearance variation which has a certainly effect on the pressure fluctuation characteristics around the tongue. The maximum pressure fluctuation amplitude in the sidewall gaps is larger than that in the volute casing, and different spectrum characteristics show up in the three models due to the interaction between the clearance flow and the main flow as well as the rotor-stator interaction. Therefore, clearance flow should be taken into consideration in the hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.
Segal, Dvira; Nitzan, Abraham
We propose a molecular device that pumps heat against a thermal gradient. The system consists of a molecular element connecting two thermal reservoirs that are characterized by different spectral properties. The pumping action is achieved by applying an external force that periodically modulates molecular levels. This modulation affects periodic oscillations of the internal temperature of the molecule and the strength of its coupling to each reservoir resulting in a net heat flow in the desired direction. The heat flow is examined in the slow and fast modulation limits and for different modulation wave forms, thus making it possible to optimize the device performance.
Central and peripheral blood flow during exercise with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device: constant versus increasing pump speed: a pilot study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Brassard, Patrice; Jensen, Annette S; Nordsborg, Nikolai
with work rate would increase organ blood flow. Methods and Results- Invasively determined CO and leg blood flow and Doppler-determined cerebral perfusion were measured during 2 incremental cycle exercise tests on the same day in 8 patients provided with a HeartMate II LVAD. In random order, patients...
A multi-pumping flow-based procedure with improved sensitivity for the spectrophotometric determination of acid-dissociable cyanide in natural waters.
Frizzarin, Rejane M; Rocha, Fábio R P
An analytical procedure with improved sensitivity was developed for cyanide determination in natural waters, exploiting the reaction with the complex of Cu(I) with 2,2'-biquinoline 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (BCA). The flow system was based on the multi-pumping approach and long pathlength spectrophotometry with a flow cell based on a Teflon AF 2400(®) liquid core waveguide was exploited to increase sensitivity. A linear response was achieved from 5 to 200μg L(-1), with coefficient of variation of 1.5% (n=10). The detection limit and the sampling rate were 2μg L(-1) (99.7% confidence level), and 22h(-1), respectively. Per determination, 48ng of Cu(II), 5μg of ascorbic acid and 0.9μg of BCA were consumed. As high as 100mg L(-1) thiocyanate, nitrite or sulfite did not affect cyanide determination. Sulfide did not interfere at concentrations lower than 40 and 200μg L(-1) before or after sample pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide. The results for natural waters samples agreed with those obtained by a fluorimetric flow-based procedure at the 95% confidence level. The proposed procedure is then a reliable, fast and environmentally friendly alternative for cyanide determination in natural waters. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Right Ventricular Function in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device Support by Pulsatile Polvad MEV and Continuous-Flow Pumps Heartware and Heartmate II.
Nadziakiewicz, P; Borkowski, J; Szygula-Jurkiewicz, B; Niklewski, T; Pacholewicz, J; Zakliczynski, M; Hrapkowicz, T; Zembala, M
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support is increasingly used in patients with heart failure. The right ventricle (RV) plays a main role in LVAD support. Little is known about the effects of pulsatile Polvad MEV devices or continuouseconds flow pumps on RV function. We compared hemodynamic parameters of RV in patients after implantation of Polvad MEV (PM) and Heartware (HW) or Heartmate II (HMII) LVADs. Forty-four patients were retrospectively reviewed after implantation of PM (group P; n = 24 [21 M, 3 F]) or HW or HMII (group C; n = 20 [20 M, 0 F]) LVADs from April 2007 to February 2014. Hemodynamic data-mean pulmonary pressure (mPAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), and cardiac index (CI)-were collected before surgery, after surgery, and every 2 hours in the intensive care unit, with the time points numbered from 1 to 120. Right ventricular work (RVW) was calculated according to the equation: RCW = CO × (mPAP - CVP) × 0.0144 (g·m). Baseline characteristic of the patients were similar. mPAP values were similar between groups. CVP values were higher in group P, significantly at time points 5 and 7-33. CO values were higher in group C, significantly from point 3 and almost all the time to point 43. CI reached significance at point 9, 12-14, 16-19, and 30-41. RCW was higher in group P before implantation. Post-implantation RCW values were higher in group C, significantly at time points 19, 20, 32-34, 51-53, and 55-57. Continuous-flow pumps more effectively optimize RV function than pulsatile LVADs, which can result in more effective prevention of RV failure or insuffiency in that group. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Mathematical model of heat pump
Pitron, J.
In this paper different energy states of a heat pump are described. Equations used for mathematical description of the heat pump in the Matlab Simulink are presented. Created model is used to calculate the energy flows in the system according to different input parameters. The simulation involves an accumulation tank, which is controlled by individual input and output parameters. Simulation results have been compared with the experimental measured values on a heat pump in a laboratory.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sitsel, Oleg; Dach, Ingrid; Hoffmann, Robert Daniel
The name PUMPKIN may suggest a research centre focused on American Halloween traditions or the investigation of the growth of vegetables – however this would be misleading. Researchers at PUMPKIN, short for Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease, are in fact interested in a large family o......'. Here we illustrate that the pumping of ions means nothing less than the pumping of life....
Analysis of pumping systems to large flows of cooling water in power plants; Analisis de sistemas de bombeo para grandes flujos de agua de enfriamiento en centrales termoelectricas
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sanchez Sanchez, Ramon; Herrera Velarde, Jose Ramon; Gonzalez Sanchez, Angel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)]. E-mail: email@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com
Accurate measurement of large water flows remains being a challenge in the problems of implementation of circulating water systems of power plants and other applications. This paper, presents a methodology for the analysis in pumping systems with high rates of water in power plants, as well as their practical application and results in pipelines water flow of a thermoelectrical power plant of 350 MW. In this power plant, the water flow per pipeline for a half of condenser oscillates around 7 m{sup 3}/s (14 m{sup 3}/s per power generating unit). In this analysis, we present the techniques used to measure large flows of water with high accurately, as well as the computational model for water circulating system using PIPE FLO and the results of practical application techniques. [Spanish] La medicion precisa de grandes flujos de agua, sigue siendo un reto en los problemas de aplicacion de sistemas de agua de circulacion de centrales termoelectricas, entre otras aplicaciones. En este articulo, se presenta una metodologia para el analisis de sistemas de bombeo con grandes flujos de agua en centrales termoelectricas, asi como, su aplicacion practica y los resultados obtenidos en los ductos de agua de circulacion de una central generadora con unidades de 350 MW. En esta central, los flujos por caja de agua oscilan alrededor de los 7 m{sup 3}/s (14 m{sup 3}/s por unidad generadora). En el analisis, se presentan las tecnicas utilizadas para medir con precision grandes flujos de agua (tubo de Pitot), asi como, el modelado del sistema de agua de circulacion por medio de un paquete computacional (PIPE FLO) y resultados obtenidos de la aplicacion de dichas tecnicas.
Exercise hemodynamics during extended continuous flow left ventricular assist device support: the response of systemic cardiovascular parameters and pump performance
Martina, Jerson; Jonge, Nicolaas; Rutten, Marcel; Kirkels, J. Hans; Klöpping, Corinne; Rodermans, Ben; Sukkel, Eveline; Hulstein, Nelienke; Mol, Bas; Lahpor, Jaap
Patients on continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (cf-LVADs) are able to return to an active lifestyle and perform all sorts of physical activities. This study aims to evaluate exercise hemodynamics in patients with a HeartMate II cf-LVAD (HM II). Thirty (30) patients underwent a bicycle
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Centrifugal blood pump 603 pressure obtained for real blood, as shown in figure 6, is a little higher than that for glycerin aqua Solution with the same viscosity as blood. This may indicate the effect of slight non-. Newtonian turbulent flow. The radial whirl motion of the impeller was observed by dual laser position sensors.
Preliminary simulation of chloride transport in the Equus Beds aquifer and simulated effects of well pumping and artificial recharge on groundwater flow and chloride transport near the city of Wichita, Kansas, 1990 through 2008
Klager, Brian J.; Kelly, Brian P.; Ziegler, Andrew C.
The Equus Beds aquifer in south-central Kansas is a primary water-supply source for the city of Wichita. Water-level declines because of groundwater pumping for municipal and irrigation needs as well as sporadic drought conditions have caused concern about the adequacy of the Equus Beds aquifer as a future water supply for Wichita. In March 2006, the city of Wichita began construction of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery project, a plan to artificially recharge the aquifer with excess water from the Little Arkansas River. Artificial recharge will raise groundwater levels, increase storage volume in the aquifer, and deter or slow down a plume of chloride brine approaching the Wichita well field from the Burrton, Kansas area caused by oil production activities in the 1930s. Another source of high chloride water to the aquifer is the Arkansas River. This study was prepared in cooperation with the city of Wichita as part of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery project. Chloride transport in the Equus Beds aquifer was simulated between the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers near the Wichita well field. Chloride transport was simulated for the Equus Beds aquifer using SEAWAT, a computer program that combines the groundwater-flow model MODFLOW-2000 and the solute-transport model MT3DMS. The chloride-transport model was used to simulate the period from 1990 through 2008 and the effects of five well pumping scenarios and one artificial recharge scenario. The chloride distribution in the aquifer for the beginning of 1990 was interpolated from groundwater samples from around that time, and the chloride concentrations in rivers for the study period were interpolated from surface water samples. Five well-pumping scenarios and one artificial-recharge scenario were assessed for their effects on simulated chloride transport and water levels in and around the Wichita well field. The scenarios were: (1) existing 1990 through 2008 pumping conditions, to serve as a
Motive flow calculation through ejectors for transcritical CO2 heat pumps. Comparison between new experimental data and predictive methods
Boccardi, G.; Lillo, G.; Mastrullo, R.; Mauro, A. W.; Pieve, M.; Trinchieri, R.
The revival of CO2 as refrigerant is due to new restrictions in the use of current refrigerants in developed countries, as consequence of environmental policy agreements. An optimal design of each part is necessary to overcome the possible penalty in performance, and the use of ejectors instead of throttling valves can improve the performance. Especially for applications as CO2 HPs for space heating, the use of ejectors has been little investigated. The data collected in a cooperation project between ENEA (C.R. Casaccia) and Federico II University of Naples have been used to experimentally characterize several ejectors in terms of motive mass flow rate, both in transcritical CO2 conditions and not. A statistical comparison is presented in order to assess the reliability of predictive methods available in the open literature for choked flow conditions.
Effects of changes in pumping on regional groundwater-flow paths, 2005 and 2010, and areas contributing recharge to discharging wells, 1990–2010, in the vicinity of North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Senior, Lisa A.; Goode, Daniel J.
A previously developed regional groundwater flow model was used to simulate the effects of changes in pumping rates on groundwater-flow paths and extent of recharge discharging to wells for a contaminated fractured bedrock aquifer in southeastern Pennsylvania. Groundwater in the vicinity of the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, was found to be contaminated with organic compounds, such as trichloroethylene (TCE), in 1979. At the time contamination was discovered, groundwater from the underlying fractured bedrock (shale) aquifer was the main source of supply for public drinking water and industrial use. As part of technical support to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) during the Remedial Investigation of the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site from 2000 to 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a model of regional groundwater flow to describe changes in groundwater flow and contaminant directions as a result of changes in pumping. Subsequently, large decreases in TCE concentrations (as much as 400 micrograms per liter) were measured in groundwater samples collected by the EPA from selected wells in 2010 compared to 2005‒06 concentrations.To provide insight on the fate of potentially contaminated groundwater during the period of generally decreasing pumping rates from 1990 to 2010, steady-state simulations were run using the previously developed groundwater-flow model for two conditions prior to extensive remediation, 1990 and 2000, two conditions subsequent to some remediation 2005 and 2010, and a No Pumping case, representing pre-development or cessation of pumping conditions. The model was used to (1) quantify the amount of recharge, including potentially contaminated recharge from sources near the land surface, that discharged to wells or streams and (2) delineate the areas contributing recharge that discharged to wells or streams for the five conditions.In all simulations, groundwater divides differed from
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kaya, Durmus; Yagmur, E. Alptekin [TUBITAK-MRC, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli (Turkey); Yigit, K. Suleyman; Eren, A. Salih; Celik, Cenk [Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli (Turkey); Kilic, Fatma Canka [Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Kocaeli University, Kullar, Kocaeli (Turkey)
In this paper, ''energy efficiency'' studies, done in a big industrial facility's pumps, are reported. For this purpose; the flow rate, pressure and temperature have been measured for each pump in different operating conditions and at maximum load. In addition, the electrical power drawn by the electric motor has been measured. The efficiencies of the existing pumps and electric motor have been calculated by using the measured data. Potential energy saving opportunities have been studied by taking into account the results of the calculations for each pump and electric motor. As a conclusion, improvements should be made each system. The required investment costs for these improvements have been determined, and simple payback periods have been calculated. The main energy saving opportunities result from: replacements of the existing low efficiency pumps, maintenance of the pumps whose efficiencies start to decline at certain range, replacements of high power electric motors with electric motors that have suitable power, usage of high efficiency electric motors and elimination of cavitation problems. (author)
Random vibrations theory and practice
Wirsching, Paul H; Ortiz, Keith
Random Vibrations: Theory and Practice covers the theory and analysis of mechanical and structural systems undergoing random oscillations due to any number of phenomena— from engine noise, turbulent flow, and acoustic noise to wind, ocean waves, earthquakes, and rough pavement. For systems operating in such environments, a random vibration analysis is essential to the safety and reliability of the system. By far the most comprehensive text available on random vibrations, Random Vibrations: Theory and Practice is designed for readers who are new to the subject as well as those who are familiar with the fundamentals and wish to study a particular topic or use the text as an authoritative reference. It is divided into three major sections: fundamental background, random vibration development and applications to design, and random signal analysis. Introductory chapters cover topics in probability, statistics, and random processes that prepare the reader for the development of the theory of random vibrations a...
Utilization of computational simulator for comparison of correlations in multiphase flow in ESP (Electrical Submersible Pumping) systems; Utilizacao de simulador computacional para a comparacao das correlacoes de escoamento multifasico em sistemas BCS
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Anjos, Roselaine M. dos; Maitelli, Carla Wilza S.P.; Maitelli, Andre L. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil); Costa, Rutacio O. [Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)
Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP) is an artificial lifting method which can be used both onshore and offshore for the production of high flow rates of liquid. By using the computational simulator for systems ESP developed by the AUTOPOC/LAUT - UFRN, this work aimed to evaluate empirical correlations for calculation of multiphase flow in tubing typical of artificial lifting systems operating by ESP. The parameters used for evaluating the correlations are some of the dynamic variables of the system such as head that indicates the lifting capacity of the system, the flow rate of fluid in the pump and the discharge pressure at the pump. Five (5) correlations were evaluated, from which only one considered slipping between phases, but does not take into account flow patterns and, four others considering slipping between the phases as well the flow patterns. The simulation results obtained for all these correlations were compared to results from a commercial computational simulator, extensively used in the oil industry. For both simulators, input values and simulation time, were virtually the same. The results showed that the simulator used in this work showed satisfactory performance, since no significant differences from those obtained with the commercial simulator. (author)
Velocity pump reaction turbine
House, P.A.
An expanding hydraulic/two-phase velocity pump reaction turbine including a dual concentric rotor configuration with an inter-rotor annular flow channel in which the inner rotor is mechanically driven by the outer rotor. In another embodiment, the inner rotor is immobilized and provided with gas recovery ports on its outer surface by means of which gas in solution may be recovered. This velocity pump reaction turbine configuration is capable of potential energy conversion efficiencies of up to 70%, and is particularly suited for geothermal applications.
Pahlevan, Niema; Gharib, Morteza
Impedance pump is a simple valveless pumping mechanism that operates based on the principles of wave propagation and reflection. It has been shown in a zebrafish that a similar mechanism is responsible for the pumping action in the embryonic heart during early stages before valve formation. Recent studies suggest that the cardiovascular system is designed to take advantage of wave propagation and reflection phenomena in the arterial network. Our aim in this study was to examine if the human aorta is a passive pump working like an impedance pump. A hydraulic model with different compliant models of artificial aorta was used for series of in-vitro experiments. The hydraulic model includes a piston pump that generates the waves. Our result indicates that wave propagation and reflection can create pumping mechanism in a compliant aorta. Similar to an impedance pump, the net flow and the flow direction depends on the frequency of the waves, compliance of the aorta, and the piston stroke.
Enhanced Forced Convection Heat Transfer using Small Scale Vorticity Concentrations Effected by Flow Driven, Aeroelastically Vibrating Reeds
lines). b) For the infinite reed case, a sinusoidal body is shown (thick black line) with images (solid and dashed gray lines). DISTRIBUTION A...ratio of the mean heat transfer through the output plane of a channel with the reed ?̅? to the mean heat transfer through the output plane of a...the flow. This is remarkable, because it means that energy from smaller scales (higher frequencies) is transferred to the lower frequencies within
A Magnetically Coupled Cryogenic Pump
Hatfield, Walter; Jumper, Kevin
Historically, cryogenic pumps used for propellant loading at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and other NASA Centers have a bellows mechanical seal and oil bath ball bearings, both of which can be problematic and require high maintenance. Because of the extremely low temperatures, the mechanical seals are made of special materials and design, have wearing surfaces, are subject to improper installation, and commonly are a potential leak path. The ball bearings are non-precision bearings [ABEC-1 (Annular Bearing Engineering Council)] and are lubricated using LOX compatible oil. This oil is compatible with the propellant to prevent explosions, but does not have good lubricating properties. Due to the poor lubricity, it has been a goal of the KSC cryogenics community for the last 15 years to develop a magnetically coupled pump, which would eliminate these two potential issues. A number of projects have been attempted, but none of the pumps was a success. An off-the-shelf magnetically coupled pump (typically used with corrosive fluids) was procured that has been used for hypergolic service at KSC. The KSC Cryogenics Test Lab (CTL) operated the pump in cryogenic LN2 as received to determine a baseline for modifications required. The pump bushing, bearings, and thrust rings failed, and the pump would not flow liquid (this is a typical failure mode that was experienced in the previous attempts). Using the knowledge gained over the years designing and building cryogenic pumps, the CTL determined alternative materials that would be suitable for use under the pump design conditions. The CTL procured alternative materials for the bearings (bronze, aluminum bronze, and glass filled PTFE) and machined new bearing bushings, sleeves, and thrust rings. The designed clearances among the bushings, sleeves, thrust rings, case, and case cover were altered once again using experience gained from previous cryogenic pump rebuilds and designs. The alternative material parts were assembled into
Van Dam, Jeremy Daniel; Turnquist, Norman Arnold; Raminosoa, Tsarafidy; Shah, Manoj Ramprasad; Shen, Xiaochun
An electric machine is presented. The electric machine includes a hollow rotor; and a stator disposed within the hollow rotor, the stator defining a flow channel. The hollow rotor includes a first end portion defining a fluid inlet, a second end portion defining a fluid outlet; the fluid inlet, the fluid outlet, and the flow channel of the stator being configured to allow passage of a fluid from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet via the flow channel; and wherein the hollow rotor is characterized by a largest cross-sectional area of hollow rotor, and wherein the flow channel is characterized by a smallest cross-sectional area of the flow channel, wherein the smallest cross-sectional area of the flow channel is at least about 25% of the largest cross-sectional area of the hollow rotor. An electric fluid pump and a power generation system are also presented.
links the flywheel to a pusher shaft. The energy release is achieved when the planetary gear carrier is decelerated using a caliper brake . The...flywheel. Through a cam roller contact point between the pusher shaft and the cam raceway on the plunger; the rotational motion of the pusher shaft... brakes , a barrel type cam and follower, a piston pump, a reservoir, and a nozzle to assemble the inventive pump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Thermally Actuated Hydraulic Pumps
Jones, Jack; Ross, Ronald; Chao, Yi
Thermally actuated hydraulic pumps have been proposed for diverse applications in which direct electrical or mechanical actuation is undesirable and the relative slowness of thermal actuation can be tolerated. The proposed pumps would not contain any sliding (wearing) parts in their compressors and, hence, could have long operational lifetimes. The basic principle of a pump according to the proposal is to utilize the thermal expansion and contraction of a wax or other phase-change material in contact with a hydraulic fluid in a rigid chamber. Heating the chamber and its contents from below to above the melting temperature of the phase-change material would cause the material to expand significantly, thus causing a substantial increase in hydraulic pressure and/or a substantial displacement of hydraulic fluid out of the chamber. Similarly, cooling the chamber and its contents from above to below the melting temperature of the phase-change material would cause the material to contract significantly, thus causing a substantial decrease in hydraulic pressure and/or a substantial displacement of hydraulic fluid into the chamber. The displacement of the hydraulic fluid could be used to drive a piston. The figure illustrates a simple example of a hydraulic jack driven by a thermally actuated hydraulic pump. The pump chamber would be a cylinder containing encapsulated wax pellets and containing radial fins to facilitate transfer of heat to and from the wax. The plastic encapsulation would serve as an oil/wax barrier and the remaining interior space could be filled with hydraulic oil. A filter would retain the encapsulated wax particles in the pump chamber while allowing the hydraulic oil to flow into and out of the chamber. In one important class of potential applications, thermally actuated hydraulic pumps, exploiting vertical ocean temperature gradients for heating and cooling as needed, would be used to vary hydraulic pressures to control buoyancy in undersea research
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Tiryaki, B. [Hacettepe University (Turkey). Dept. of Mining Engineering
The paper examines the prediction and optimisation of machine vibrations in longwall shearers. Underground studies were carried out at the Middle Anatolian Lignite Mine, between 1993 and 1997. Several shearer drums with different pick lacing arrangements were designed and tested on double-ended ranging longwall shearers employed at the mine. A computer program called the Vibration Analysis Program (VAP) was developed for analysing machine vibrations in longwall shearers. Shearer drums that were tested underground, as well as some provided by leading manufacturers, were analyzed using these programs. The results of the experiments and computer analyses are given in the article. 4 refs., 9 figs.
Benner, Steve M (Inventor); Martins, Mario S. (Inventor)
A heat driven pulse pump includes a chamber having an inlet port, an outlet port, two check valves, a wick, and a heater. The chamber may include a plurality of grooves inside wall of the chamber. When heated within the chamber, a liquid to be pumped vaporizes and creates pressure head that expels the liquid through the outlet port. As liquid separating means, the wick, disposed within the chamber, is to allow, when saturated with the liquid, the passage of only liquid being forced by the pressure head in the chamber, preventing the vapor from exiting from the chamber through the outlet port. A plurality of grooves along the inside surface wall of the chamber can sustain the liquid, which is amount enough to produce vapor for the pressure head in the chamber. With only two simple moving parts, two check valves, the heat driven pulse pump can effectively function over the long lifetimes without maintenance or replacement. For continuous flow of the liquid to be pumped a plurality of pumps may be connected in parallel.
Experimental Study of Pressure Drop and Wall Shear Stress Characteristics of γ /Al2O3-Water Nanofluid in a Circular pipe under Turbulent flow induced vibration.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adil Abbas AL-Moosawy
Full Text Available Experimental study of γ /Al2O3 with mean diameter of less than 50 nm was dispersed in the distilled water that flows through a pipe consist of five sections as work station ,four sections made of carbon steel metal and one sections made of Pyrex glass pipe, with five nanoparticles volume concentrations of 0%,0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,and 0.4% with seven different volume flow rates 100, 200 , 300, 400, 500, 600 ,and 700ℓ/min were investigated to calculated pressure distribution for the cases without rubber ,with 3mm rubber and with 6mm rubber used to support the pipe. Reynolds number was between 20000 and 130000. Frequency value through pipe was measured for all stations of pipe for all cases. The results show that the pressure drop and wall shear stress of the nanofluid increase by increasing the nanoparticles volume concentrations or Reynolds number, the values of frequency through the pipe increase continuously when wall shear stress increases and the ratio of increment increases as nanofluid concentrations increase. Increasing of vibration frequency lead to increasing the friction factor between the pipe and the wall and thus increasing in pressure drop. Several equations between the wall shear stress and frequency for all volume concentration and for three cases without rubber, with rubber has 3mm thickness ,and with rubber has 6mm thickness. Finally, the results led to that γ /Al2O3 could function as a good and alternative conventional working fluid in heat transfer applications. A good agreement is seen between the experimental and those available in the literature
Vibrational Energy Relaxation in Water-Acetonitrile Mixtures
Cringus, Dan; Yeremenko, Sergey; Pshenichnikov, Maxim S.; Wiersma, Douwe A.; Kobayashi, Takayoshi; Kobayashi, Tetsuro; Nelson, Keith A.; Okada, Tadashi; Silvestri, Sandro De
IR pump-probe spectroscopy is used to study the effect of hydrogen bonding on the vibrational energy relaxation pathways. Hydrogen bonding accelerates the population relaxation from 12ps in diluted acetonitrile solution to 700fs in bulk water.
Vibrational energy relaxation in water-acetonitrile mixtures
Cringus, D; Yeremenko, S; Pshenichnikov, MS; Wiersma, DA; Kobayashi, T; Okada, T; Kobayashi, T; Nelson, KA; DeSilvestri, S
IR pump-probe spectroscopy is used to study the effect of hydrogen bonding on the vibrational energy relaxation pathways. Hydrogen bonding accelerates the population relaxation from 12ps in diluted acetonitrile solution to 700fs in bulk water.
Vibrational energy relaxation in water-acetonitrile mixtures
Cringus, Dan; Yeremenko, Sergey; Pshenichnikov, Maxim S.; Wiersma, Douwe A.
IR pump-probe spectroscopy is used to study the effect of hydrogen bonding on the vibrational energy relaxation pathways. Hydrogen bonding accelerates the population relaxation from 12ps in diluted acetonitrile solution to 700fs in bulk water.
Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Fano-Like Resonance between Optical Phonon and Excitons in CdSe Quantum Dots: Dependence of Coherent Vibrational Wave-Packet Dynamics on Pump Fluence
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Victor Nadtochenko
Full Text Available The main goal of the present work is to study the coherent phonon in strongly confined CdSe quantum dots (QDs under varied pump fluences. The main characteristics of coherent phonons (amplitude, frequency, phase, spectrogram of CdSe QDs under the red-edge pump of the excitonic band [1S(e-1S3/2(h] are reported. We demonstrate for the first time that the amplitude of the coherent optical longitudinal-optical (LO phonon at 6.16 THz excited in CdSe nanoparticles by a femtosecond unchirped pulse shows a non-monotone dependence on the pump fluence. This dependence exhibits the maximum at pump fluence ~0.8 mJ/cm2. At the same time, the amplitudes of the longitudinal acoustic (LA phonon mode at 0.55 THz and of the coherent wave packet of toluene at 15.6, 23.6 THz show a monotonic rise with the increase of pump fluence. The time frequency representation of an oscillating signal corresponding to LO phonons revealed by continuous wavelet transform (CWT shows a profound destructive quantum interference close to the origin of distinct (optical phonon and continuum-like (exciton quasiparticles. The CWT spectrogram demonstrates a nonlinear chirp at short time delays, where the chirp sign depends on the pump pulse fluence. The CWT spectrogram reveals an anharmonic coupling between optical and acoustic phonons.
Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Fano-Like Resonance between Optical Phonon and Excitons in CdSe Quantum Dots: Dependence of Coherent Vibrational Wave-Packet Dynamics on Pump Fluence.
Nadtochenko, Victor; Denisov, Nikolay; Aybush, Arseniy; Gostev, Fedor; Shelaev, Ivan; Titov, Andrey; Umanskiy, Stanislav; Cherepanov, And Dmitry
The main goal of the present work is to study the coherent phonon in strongly confined CdSe quantum dots (QDs) under varied pump fluences. The main characteristics of coherent phonons (amplitude, frequency, phase, spectrogram) of CdSe QDs under the red-edge pump of the excitonic band [1S(e)-1S 3/2 (h)] are reported. We demonstrate for the first time that the amplitude of the coherent optical longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon at 6.16 THz excited in CdSe nanoparticles by a femtosecond unchirped pulse shows a non-monotone dependence on the pump fluence. This dependence exhibits the maximum at pump fluence ~0.8 mJ/cm². At the same time, the amplitudes of the longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonon mode at 0.55 THz and of the coherent wave packet of toluene at 15.6, 23.6 THz show a monotonic rise with the increase of pump fluence. The time frequency representation of an oscillating signal corresponding to LO phonons revealed by continuous wavelet transform (CWT) shows a profound destructive quantum interference close to the origin of distinct (optical phonon) and continuum-like (exciton) quasiparticles. The CWT spectrogram demonstrates a nonlinear chirp at short time delays, where the chirp sign depends on the pump pulse fluence. The CWT spectrogram reveals an anharmonic coupling between optical and acoustic phonons.
Kozlov, Victor; Ivanova, Alevtina; Schipitsyn, Vitalii; Stambouli, Moncef
The paper is concerned with dynamics of light solid in cavity with liquid subjected to rotational vibration in the external force field. New vibrational phenomenon - diving of a light cylinder to the cavity bottom is found. The experimental investigation of a horizontal annulus with a partition has shown that under vibration a light body situated in the upper part of the layer is displaced in a threshold manner some distance away from the boundary. In this case the body executes symmetric tangential oscillations. An increase of the vibration intensity leads to a tangential displacement of the body near the external boundary. This displacement is caused by the tangential component of the vibrational lift force, which appears as soon as the oscillations lose symmetry. In this case the trajectory of the body oscillatory motion has the form of a loop. The tangential lift force makes stable the position of the body on the inclined section of the layer and even in its lower part. A theoretical interpretation has been proposed, which explains stabilization of a quasi-equilibrium state of a light body near the cavity bottom in the framework of vibrational hydromechanics.
Novel Characteristics of Valveless Pumping
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Timmermann, Stine; Ottesen, Johnny T.
This study investigates the occurrence of valveless pumping in a fluidfilled system consisting of two open tanks connected by an elastic tube. We show that directional flow can be achieved by introducing a periodic pinching applied at an asymmetrical location along the tube, and that the flow