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At TBEX Cancun I learned a few things. Here's 10+ of them from 12+ interactions.
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10+ Things I Learned At TBEX Cancun From 12+ Interactions/Observations
September 20, 2014
TBEX Dublin 2013: My Thoughts
October 10, 2013
I just got back from TBEX Dublin 2013 and in a word; WOW! I'm so tired now, but it was worth it. Conferences are fun, but its a lot of work. It's work that pays off though. Here's what I thought of the conference. I arrived early on September 27 as there were a few […]
That's My Idea, You Can't Use It Without my Permission – Travel Blogger Intellectual Property
June 26, 2013
It's only Wednesday and already its been an interesting week in the Travel Blogging sphere. I'm writing this in Houston, TX today while I have a bubble tea at my favorite Teahouse, call the "the Teahouse." So what's been going on? Intellectual Property Fight I think it was last week that a fellow travel blogger, […]


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It's been an incredible year so far and we want to say Happy Halloween!! We're here in Germany for some amazing celebrations and will be traveling onward to Moldova and SoJam back in the States. We're very fortunate to have these opportunities as a group and travel all over the world!
Here in Germany, we'll be headlining the SWR3 Halloween Party (in costume, of course) and you can catch us in our favorite spot, Colosseo every night. For more, check here: http://www.europapark.de/en/shows-events/top-entertainment-every-season/halloween-europa-park
A huge thanks to our good friends Laura and Maiko for taking us on a trip to Neuschwanstein Castle!

subset: commoncrawl


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The GSE Office of Admissions invites prospective students and applicants to our MSE in School Counseling to attend Online Information Session on October 29th. Our goal is to give you the opportunity to "meet" with admissions personnel, program faculty, and current students. Attendees will be able to ask academic, admissions, student life and financial aid-related questions.
Monday, October 29th
2:00 pm – 3:00 pm
The link to the online meeting is: http://fordhamuniv.adobeconnect.com/r72wikun9hu/
Please RSVP by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
In order to participate in the conversation at the session, call the following number:
Enter passcode: 755251
We look forward to virtually meeting you on the 29th!


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Red Bowl
This beautiful bowl originates from Turkey. Made using a traditional Japanese pottery technique called Raku, this bowl could be used in a variety of ways: drinking or eating bowls; soap dish; a display piece. The bowl sits on a shallow base and has a rich and vibrant red glazed inner. The outer is unglazed stone patched with graphite shadows and speckles. The use of the Raku technique results in unique textured surfaces and unpredictable patterns meaning that no two pieces are alike – they are works of art in their own right. There is one available.


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Myrtle Beach, South Carolina was soooooooo Much fun!!!I miss it soo much already...I always have the time of my life there...u never get bored...always hanging out w/ diffrent people everyday! I didn't want to leave b/c michigan is the place for Bordom!!!Friday- Left at 9:15 in the morning we wree on teh plane w/ the teachers and lots of others...so it wasnt taht bad but it toook us sooo logn to get through security and just to check in so we got tehre liek 10 minutes b4 they loaded the plane that is seriously the latest my family has ever gotten to a airport in our lives!! Got there at 11 so we went to grab lunch then went to swim w/ Christina all day! was fun! Then went to Chillis for dinner w/ Carisa, Christina, Sister, Mike and Charlie and parents..Fun! found otu some intresting stuff haha!Saturday- everyone was there so swam allll Day!! saw 2 hottest guys ever Sixpack and Mohawk(MAtt)..Went to Eat at HOOTERS that night haha! w/ Bianca, Sis, Paige, Matt, Sheldon, Mike, Charlie and Will...It was the funniest night of my life..Teachign will everything..and him dancign w/ the hotters girls wow!! haha it was great hah!Sunday- danced my duo(w/ mike!) and trio cute!...Hugn out w/ peopel by pool..Had this lil girl ask Mowhawk his name he lied at said it was Kyle haha!Monday- 4th of July!...Meg(my sisters fried) came down at Noon.... danced...went to eat at Fuddruckers..w/ meg, FRANNIE(how could i forget haha), Jacqueline, sis, and Christina...Went back to hotel hung out w/ liek 15 girls haha..saw Matt(mowhawk) 1st time we actually met him he is oooo nice talked to him all ngiht on beach...then me and jacqueline hung out with steven, dan and nick(sexy guys)lol....and then this 18 year old came up to me and asked me how old i was...it was creepy...he thought he was gonan get laid apparrently!Tuesday- Meg and me hung out..for a while then watch more sisters dances...Then we drove her back to her housae which was 45 minutes away!..Then went back to hotel no one was there, they were all at rehersals so i went to starbucks went online...Then went to the Pep Rally which was quite borign but then went back swimmign at 9:50 w/ Bianca and Paige and HaileeWenesday- danced my solo and other BIG numbers...i was there all day and all night! then i had a rehersal forever adn i didn't get back till 11 or later..it sucked!Thursday- Matt was supposed to come to teh show im sooo pissed he didnt...so i danced that day...it was sorta boringFriday- Had to go to convention center early!!..danced and Watched dances...Came back..2 and a half hour rehersal...i forget what else happened that daySaturday- Finals!!! and Semi-Finals,...power went out on 4th semi-finals and it didnt coem back on for 3 horus so we were all just like sitting there how bad!!! Like a squirrel bit a electrical wire and died but thats how power went out!...WE all did amzing my Dacne and older kids made it to Finals...Big kids won! Juniors(my group)got Freakign runner up for 5 years in row now! WE shulda won we were amazzzzzzzzing(at least i thought so)!!It was a dramatiic/sad night I don;t think i have ever sobbed so hard! First off i am never goign to see all the seniors again, and all those that are quiting DSD! and steven, dan, and sexy MATT! ANd the worst thing of all was when i found out about miss erin!I am gonan miss her so much...i lvoe yah erin!Sunday- Chilled all day w/ Bianca, Callie, Sis, Carisa, Hailee, and Tara..went to Broadway onthe beahc (HUGE outdorr shoping place) that night and hung out w/ all them and sheldon...but hailee carisa and tara went to aquariaum...Then we all played put-put it was FUN and we ran into dan adn steven(dan is so funny!!)!Monday(today)- Flew home sat w/ Hailee and sis..just talked! Now im hoem and dont wanna be hoem Michigan sucks!!
Im leaving for Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in the morning :) im sooo excted we get there around 11:30 so i get the whole day to just hang out w/ people go swimming in the 6 pools and hit up the beach!!!Ill miss all my girles sooooo much!!!DSD IS GONNA DO AMAZING AND REP. HAS THE CHAMPIONSHIP IN THE BAG AND NOW THE JUST HAVE TO PROVE THEMSLEVES!
ogm i haven't updates in like forever!!well life has been prewtty good...1.)I found out that oen of my best friends alexadnra is coming to my dance studio!2.)I went to lauren's house with alexa too and we had so much fun We went to the mall and i got his cute top adn sweater...so i was pretty happy about that.Then we ate at California Pizza Kitchen with lauren's parents. I love her parents, especially robert cause i love his voice..hahah!! Then we went to her house and wathced movies which was fun. Then we got our nails done in the morning..that was pretty fun...lauren's nail person was os funny he kept liek sneezign all over her and liek coughing!!My lady was really nice and did a great job..so we were waiting for lauren to get doen and so me and alexa were sittign down and I stood up and ran in to the tree it was so funny!! then i went home3.) Allie, MAry and I wen to the fair and we saw alexandra and emily there so we hung out wiht them. Me and Emily went on this oen ride called the screamer and we were liek fallign out of our seats and we were screaming to death!! Then we went on this one ride were u stand up adn spin...adn this one guys face was so funny we were liekall crackign up!!...Then we went on freak out adn we saw Valente there so we said hi adn all...then in line the guy in front of us was realy scary..his elbow liek was huge adn really gross!!THen i went on the zipper with Alexandra and it was so scary a rock fkew up adn hit me in the head..i though i had a concusion!!!4.) I wen back ot emily's and we were tellign scary stories to eachother adn i was screamign cause i thought somethng was gonan happen to us!!Then we hung out watched a movie ate pizza and sundaes went to bed and then i came home5.)Today I worked on my project all day and I finished thank god!!!that's all for now...coment!!
today i woke up feelign liek shit,my neck hurt my head hurt and i didn't wanan go to school, but of course my mom made me go..ughHealth- we learned about puberty, and me and alexandra couldn't stop laughing, and we basically just talked the whole time...Math- WE basically sat there and did problems in our books and they were so borign let me tell u!!!i just sat there puttign in lip gloss adn chewing gum!!Social Studies- We got our tests back and i gt an A+!!!IT was the first time i haev ever gotten a good grade!!then we watched a movieabout china and it was so boring...and then i got yelled at for having gum!!Lunch-went ouside and ate!hahaScience-reviewed our worksheets...so boring!!Typing- me and lauren talked the whole time!!Gym- went otuside and played frizzbeeLang Arts- Went to the computer lab and drew ptu his hand on my head i freaked out!!!Went hoem cryogn cause my head hurt so bad!!<3 AShley
So friday night was emily's batmitzvah adn it was sooooo fun...and she did amazing...then i slpet over her house and teddy,emily, and we running and dancing in the rain all night and it as so cold but we were anyway...i was so hyper that night...then we ate all the left over food from the party and opened gifts which was really fun....so hen we went to ned around i think liek 5 or later and woke up at liek 9 and ate bacon and bagels..then i had to leave becuase i had dress rehersals...ugh...and my parents were goin crazzy on me...and then i found out the worst news ever!!!about my bestest friend....Paige Moyer!!!!omfg do u understand how hard i am crying right now???i can't believe this is happenign to one of my best friends!!!i love her soooo much and i will never forget all the great times we've had in buisness of love and texas beauties and evry other dance u r in with me!!How are me and pammie gonan live without u in buisness of love???ANd what about me in Texas Beauties????Every1 is gonan liek kill me and i am gonna die without ur supoport and ur smile tellign me that they r all crazy. I could alwasy count on u to bve there for me and never get mad at me...and i alwasy woudl try to make u laugh...i hope u will never forget my jokes and all the fun times we've had!!i love u more then anything...and i knew i could alwasy ,ake u laugh...who else uis gonna be there for me now to laugh at me and how dumb i can be??Ur smile, ur friendliness, and everything more will never be forgoten that is for sure.I can't believe r friendship is coming to an end...adn we will never see eachother again!!I love you goodbye bets friend forever...it won't be the same witout u!!dress rehersal was ok after i found out the news but i couldn't stop thinkign about it...and even my jokes couldn't cheer me up...but what did was micheal place and his weirdness!!haha meadn christina we dieing!!Then today i woke up at 8 and went o breakfast with the whole family...and i got so much to eat i litterally died...then we went to by flowers and met ery1/our family at the cemetary to see my granma...at the cemetary i chased my 2 year old coousins all around...and i was tired by 5 min...then we decided to go to Costco to get food....and me and my sis ended up gettign a smoothie and pretzel..which were both amazingly good...cause we r fatt asses!!...then i came home and cleanded the cas adn washed the garge and cleaned i out...then my mom took me to Farmer jack's to help her return bottles and shit...but she payed em money for hlpign her so it all worked out...and there was this really hot guy there so it was fine hahah....we both kept staign at each other...i wish all the guys at our school coudl be that hot...not that some of them aren't...but still...then we wanted to get ice cream but we ended up not..ugh...then my mom thought we needed corn so we went to kroger and got soem corn...and my hands hurt form opening them...and my mom kept telling me that they were to small and etc...then we finally got ice cream cause i begged(hahah)...then we went to get in the car but a bee started chasinfg me and my mo and we were screaming to death....then we wen thome and unpacked the grocieries and i cleanded off the table outside for dinner tonoght cause we r gonna eat outside with my grandparents..now i am writing this and listening to my chemical romance!!!ttyl<3 AShleycomment bitches!!
So today i woke up at lets say 10ish and then i wen t down stairs to start my homework and it is takign me forver...i have a gay sketchy due tomorrow about goign around he world in 80 days,,,ugh...so i am starvign cause i didn't have breakfeast or lunch so mayeb i should go eat...leater tongiht i have a dance recital thingy at Lake Orion Highschool!!!come adn watch me if u desire...i won't be home till late so i'll probably c ya tomorrow!!!<3 AshleyPlease comment!!
to start of my day i had dance at 6AM!!!and then went home from dance at 9am and went back at 1230!!Then i had so much fun with emily,Alexandra, ALlie, Armond and Dean at the mall...The whole zebra thing was a mess(thanxs to dumy!!I got a cute white sweater and etc...WE met Mrs.Karabutis(deans mom) and she was realy nice...Then we went to alexandra's and hung out and anthony,jeff,Max, and Brendan were gonan come over but they ended up not being able to, but we talked to them on the phone all night anyways,hah...then we took pics and they were so funny, nicky will probably never think of us the same!!(hahah)....WE talked on lie for a while too....then i went home and went online...adn the to bed<3Ashlye(please comment)
Sry i haven't updated in a while!!
1st hour-PIG-(peer interaction group!!) it was so boring and also awkward at the same time...because we talk about liek friendship and shit and it was so rude cause peopel were talkign shit about me and my friends the whole time!!!...I WAS LIEK RUDE!!anyway to make it even more weird Mr.Palarmo teaches and it was so awkward and annyoing!!
2nd hour-Science-It was so gross cause we disected a PIG today!!i was liek cryign and i swear i thought i was gonna throw up because it was so nasty and it smelled horrible...and Mrs.Reihnol kept laughing and me and yelling at me and was liek it is fien you baby...i was liek ugh....RUDE!!!and luckily MRs.Mathena was nice and was liek SAshley its fine if you have to leave the room u can...But i didn't...i just turned my head awasy form the fatty pig!!...ewwww...adn the wors part is we had the class for 2 hours!!!
Lunch-We were pancign eachother..but Mrs. Reinhol flipped out!!hahah...adn emily punched me in the boobs so hard that i am gona get breast cancer!! 5th hour-Language Arts- we went to the media center and typed ou poems!!...i finished early and sat there
6th hour-Spanish-ugh is all i have to say...but Mrs.Min walked in and she was sobbing but i didn't fel one bit sorry for that bitch!!!she has been so mean to me lately that i was glads she was upset cause she made me upset....Then we sang all hour...fun....NOT!!!
7th-Drama 2-it was fun...me and cameron typed our play...it is so good...we r gonna do so good cameron!! Then i found out that alexandra.........(i love ya hunny!!!)
ttyl <3 Ashley


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Call Us at 713-365-0700 or Make an Appointment
Stephanie Webb, LPC - Intern
Supervisor: Roxy Riefkohl-Siegrist. PHD, LPC-S
Mission: To work with each individual in order to foster growth and awareness. I strive to make sure my clients know their unique strengths in order to overcome obstacles and achieve change.
Focus: I serve individuals (13+), couples and groups who struggle with anxiety, depression, adjustment issues and relational problems.
Jasmine Boone, LPC - Intern
Supervisor: Roxy Riefkohl-Siegrist, Ph.d, LPC-S
Deborah Sauls, LCSW
Deborah Sauls, LCSW, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Texas, has been providing therapeutic services to adolescents, adults and families since 1994.
Deborah has extensive post graduate training working with at risk adolescents and is currently the Clinical Director of an adolescent residential treatment facility
Daniel Hayes, M.A., LPC
My Mission:
My goal is to provide a safe, comfortable, objective, and collaborative environment in which to help you work through any concerns or challenges you may be facing. I can help you learn new skills and ways of thinking and give you guidance and tools to help you accomplish your goals.
Joseph Garza, LPC
I would like to state that my mission and or calling is to assist individuals in areas in their lives where they are struggling. This can be from past traumas, present on going relationships, or future events. I do what I do simply because it's my passion, not my job.
JiJi Arcilla, LPC Practicum Student in CounselingSupervisor: Dr. Roxy Riefkohl, Siegrist
MY MISSION: To create an authentic, safe, and inspiring environment for individuals to collaborate with me to achieve their goals.
MY FOCUS: I provide the tools to help adult individuals gain insight, resolve relationship issues, develop self-confidence, problem solve more effectively, and discover their purpose.
Matt Miller, LPC-S
MY MISSION: I work to help others grow and develop their most important relationships e.g. God, family, self, and others through healing.
MY FOCUS: "Every problem is a relationship problem." (Dean Sherman) Understanding this concept drives my treatment focus with everyone who comes to see me. When relationships are working well, people are able to get their needs met, and facilitate meeting needs of others.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. Renewing Hope Counseling. Login. Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions 713-365-0700 Make an Appointment


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Relation of Model Ayyan Ali with Asif Zardari
Ayan Ali is a commonly known Pakistani model and actress who received the 'Best Female Emerging Model' award along with many other Lux Style Awards. Previously, she has attended several modeling festivals in different cities around the world including London, England.
Recently, this talented model was caught in a money laundering case. It was also reported that Asif Ali Zardari, ex president of Pakistan, had provided Ayan Ali with 2 private guards and a Prado along with a bullet proof car in order to keep her under protection.Zulfiqar Mirza also exposed to the media that Asif Ali Zardari made sure that Ayan Ali reached Bilawal House safely at night and exited it safely with full protection in the mornings.
Zulfiqar Mirza Another attack on Asif Ali Zardari in a live show with Dr.Shahid Maqsood. He blamed that Asif Ali Zarda another afair with Veena Hayyat.Zulfiqar Mirza telling a story in a live show that once Asif Ali Zardi meet Veena Hayyat .
when Banzir Bhutto update from this news she called me in her house when i'm reached what i say that she was sat on a soffa and crying when i see this i'm totally out off control she asked me that tells me about Asif Ali Zardari and Veena Hayyat relation she asked me what kind off relation in between us at that time i lied with her that i'm white about this news.
Relation of Model Ayyan Ali with Asif Zardari
Relation of Model Ayyan Ali with Asif Zardari


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[Total: 857 Average: 3.3/5]
I had a little too much to drink and this was the result.
Would you drink to these? written by tdomf_0541f average rating 3.3/5 - 857 user ratings
I had a little too much to drink and this was the result.
We need to go drinking.
do you suck cock ?
Live to put my cock between them and finger that cunt
I wanna snort some cocaine off those knockers
love it , post more….
woow amazing boobs id love to have a play with them.. inbox me if you can…
Can we hang out?you look like a load of fun, with nice titties!
yea then id stand in front of you and have you help me squirt cum on them ,would you like that?
Come have some drinks with me, okay?
Just luv it when mature women get their tits out and these ones are great. I just had a fantastic wank over them,Thank you, Please post some more
OMG you look delicious. I want to kneel down between your legs and let the fun begin!
drink up and you have a yummy bodyshot sexy body.
Hope you got a good hard fuck that night my wife & l would love to play with you
No. But I'm glad you were drinking. Can I get you another one?
Awesome Baby! 5 stars. Wish I was there!!!
Did you earn yourself a dick that night?
i hope you don't quit drinking those are some great tits
Was that it or did anything naughtier occur afterwards?
Mmmmmm open those legs baby 😉
I would love to cum all over these fab puppy's
I'd buy you another bottle a booze and see where we go from there
No no no no no no no!!!


text: today i found the camera i want, but im not sure on how good it is. Ihave been wanting the Canon eos rebel 2000, but this camera was the Canon eos rebel. I dont know anything about the standard. so could you help me? The prive he wanted was 160. Camera came with flash also. THANKS!!!


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Fresh off her "Woman of the Year" announcement, Emma Watson lands the cover spot of British GQ"s October 2013 issue.
While striking a few poses for the gorgeous spread, the former "Harry Potter" beauty opened up about how she keeps herself calm during those intense Hollywood moments.
"I meditate to stop the noise. I"m in my head a lot," the 24-year-old actress explained. "I needed to slow down my thought process so everything gets a lot quieter."
After being presented with the award, Miss Watson took to her Twitter account to announce her appreciation to British GQ.
"@BritishGQ Mud throwing, general hilarity and great company at the awards tonight," she tweeted. "Very proud to be part of your female contingency.thank you!"
Emma later added a snapshot of the publication"s latest issue, which fans everywhere have continued to raved about. They tweeted compliments such as, "Flawless," and "Congrats Emma!"


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Read our latest blog posts. From our team of experts
by Kelly Beauty Expert
Posted on May 28, 2015
'Look Good Feel Better' is the only International charity that helps women and teenage cancer patients combat the visible side-effects of their treatment by offering free skincare and makeup workshops through a network of venues. They rely solely on the generosity of supporters.
k:SPA are therefore very proud to be supporting this charity by getting involved during the #FeelBetterWeek (1-7 June). We are offering two very special events:-
Monday 1st June (10-12 noon) – k:SPA Coffee Morning
Join us, wearing something pink! for tea, […]Continue Reading
by Kelly Beauty Expert
Posted on April 3, 2015
Primary school children in Whiteley will benefit from a new partnership formed with a community-minded local business.
Whiteley-based beauty salon k:SPA has announced that the Friends of Whiteley Primary School will be their charity of the year for 2015, helping to assist with fundraising events and awareness between now and 2016.
With 670 pupils in attendance, the school is supported by the dedicated Friends of Whiteley Primary School, who have been helping to buy equipment and resources such as laptops and cookery equipment to […]Continue Reading
k:SPA promotes long-lasting wellbeing through beneficial treatments that make you feel good about your body, your self and the world around you at our salon in the heart of Whiteley, Fareham Hampshire.


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Accessibility tools
Service tools
Language selector
Navigation path
On 30/03/2008, the "Open Skies" agreement between the European Union and the United States of America comes into force. The EU's objective is to create an airspace without borders: an air services single market between the EU and the USA, within which investments can move freely and where European and American airline carriers can provide air services free of restrictions in both the EU and US internal markets.
This agreement will provide real benefits to the economies, consumers and airline companies from both sides of the Atlantic. The EU and the United States have reaffirmed their firm commitment to the continued negotiations in order to bring about an agreement on the second stage whose objective is to bring about further liberalisation.
In this context, the European Commission's audiovisual service is producing an infoclip which will illustrate:
- external and interior views of Brussels National Airport, Zaventem, Belgium;
- planes belonging to European and American airline companies at Brussels National Airport;
- interior views of John F Kennedy Airport, New York, United States of America.


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Just another day
I would really love to watch a documentary about...fandom. Sure, it is not the most profound subject there is but it is something a lot of people, almost everyone can relate to on a very personal, even intimate level. There are numerous documentaries on climate change, endangered species, atrocities of war and so on - all of these extremely serious and unquestionably important. But, and let us be honest about it, it is in the nature of people not to get involved unless the trouble doesn't take place in their living rooms. People would watch these documentaries and forget about them 10 minutes later because it is always about something that happens very, very far away to a handful of people they have never met and never will. And this is not an accusation, it's how it is. The reason or one of the reasons could be the information overload that the people of today are suggested to. The second something wrong happens and it's in the news. The problem is that too much wrong happens, all the time, everywhere. And you kind of... get use to it. It's no news anymore, it's just something that happens every day. Tragedy became trivial.
That is why I think it's not such a bad idea to explore lighter subjects as well and thus remind people that there is more to life than this.


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Product Description
Style: Session Blonde
Abv: 3.8%
Colour: Straw
Description: A perfect session beer with a myriad of well selected hops leaves the beer with a wonderfully crisp late hoppy finish. This Bute of a brew is brewed with a mixture of Pale Malt, Yeast and Hops, with Bute water, passion and heritage.
Availability: 500ml bottle or 9G cask. This beer is unfiltered/unpasteurised


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Rebels attack C. African Republic villages; 8 dead
BANGUI, Central African Republic — Suspected foreign fighters backing a rebel movement now in control of Central African Republic's government invaded a remote north-central village and killed six people, residents said.
The assault on the town of Bouca on Friday came just days after other armed fighters took a dozen civilians hostage in another village in the same area, Yaloke. Two people were killed in the violence there.
|The article you requested is no longer available on BostonHerald.com.


text: As I said, it's easy to record in GarageBand. And it's even easier to make a recording in GarageBand 2 than in the original version. In GarageBand 1, you could record into only one stereo track or two mono tracks at a time. GarageBand 2, on the other hand, lets you record up to eight stereo or mono tracks simultaneously, provided that you have the hardware to support that many tracks.


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Thursday, February 4, 2010
Three Things No One Ever Told Me About Success
Like a lot of you, when I decided to get serious about writing, I started dreaming. Publication, awards, recognition, success.
But success is a tricky beast, as difficult to catch and hold as vapor. And there are three things about it that I didn't know.
1. Success takes time
Writing is such a personal thing. Especially when you're first starting out, everything you write feels so true and deep and precious. You want to argue when people point out weak points, want to believe that this thing you've poured your soul into is wonderful.
But the fact is, writing, like any other art, requires practice. You probably won't play a concerto your first month of piano lessons, and most people can't draw a portrait the first time they pick up a pen. It takes time. In fact, studies show that you have to put 10,000 hours of work into an art or discipline before you achieve mastery.
But patience and time are not the only things that success requires.
2. Success requires a day-by-day commitment
By time and practice I don't mean rewriting your first book over and over and over. You have to write something new. New words on a regular basis are the best way of improving as a writer. You can always take what you learn and apply it to your older work.
One thing I learned when I started blogging was the importance of consistency. You can't build a good blog without posting regularly. Exercise is the same way; a long exercise session once a week is not as effective as smaller ones throughout the week.
Perhaps you work better in long stretches. That's okay, everyone is different. But whatever you do, keep it consistent.
It's hard to be persistent though, when you feel you aren't getting anywhere. And that's where my biggest lesson came in.
3. Success is something only you can define
Here's the thing about success. It's always the place you want to get to next, always the step right past where you are. The unpublished writer wants to be published. The small-press author wants to be published by a bigger house. The unagented writer wants an agent, the agented writer wants a book deal. Most writers would love to write full-time and still be able to pay bills. There's always something more to want.
What does that mean? It means that if you measure your success as a writer by those things, you will always fall short. Goals are good, don't get me wrong. But you have to be able to appreciate your achievements for what they are without getting discouraged.
This is the most important thing I've learned about success. To quote the immortal John Candy in Cool Runnings, "A gold medal is a wonderful thing. But if you're not enough without it, you'll never be enough with it."
Have you learned anything lately about writing and success?
7 comments:
- mjdike said...
Great reminder! I am one of those writers that fantasized about success in such a way I couldn't even BEGIN to write. What if I worked for hours and years and it still wasn't good enough? I've got kids, bills, what if I "wasted" all that time just to be rejected?
One day it just came to me. Does it matter that I get published? Is that how I am going to define my personal success? Today, success for me is defined as writing my heart out until I have a novel draft I feel is ready to send out for review. Getting to that next step in the process is my success. No Pulitzer. No Oprah Winfrey book club...just climbing to the top of that mountain and telling the world "I did it." What comes after will be another day, and another chance to redefine success. My own success.
Without that fear of forecasted failure, and the personal challenge to myself (not those browsing the shelves at the bookstore who will grab my novel and scream 'this is what the world's been waiting for!') I've been able to write and write and write. Wish me luck!
- February 4, 2010 at 7:49 AM
- Miriam S. Forster said...
Good luck, mj!
I think worrying about "wasted" time is one of the hardest things to struggle with. Sometimes it feels we're just writing into a void. There's little or no money in it, it takes us away from our families at times and keeps us from doing other things.
And when we pile up rejection after rejection, we start to wonder if all that effort and sacrifice has been wasted.
It hasn't. Just being able to finish a novel, to get to the top of the mountain, as you say, is an accomplishment worth celebrating!
- February 4, 2010 at 11:19 AM
- Joanne said...
I agree with you, in that success should be measured in each small step, not the ultimate goal. Each chapter finished, or manuscript finished, is a success. A batch of query letters sent is a success, because of how it speaks of what came before them. Celebrate or acknowledge each accomplishment along the way, not just the final goal. Because I read earlier that happy endings aren't really that, endings. They're actually new beginnings, with more room for success.
- February 4, 2010 at 11:53 AM
- Megan Justice said...
Writing is a learning process, from learning the discipline to sit down and write, to learning how to edit, to learning to send out query letters, to learning how to react when those responses land in the mailbox. Anything done within that process will make the next time you do it that much easier, and that much better, because you learned from the last time it was done.
- February 4, 2010 at 2:19 PM
- Miriam S. Forster said...
Megan and Joanne, I can't really think of anything to add to that! :)
- February 4, 2010 at 8:21 PM
- spuckler said...
Awesome post. Thanks for the insight.
I think i'm like MJ myself. :)
- February 6, 2010 at 1:08 AM
- Simon Hay Soul Healer said...
Hi Miriam,
You've already inspired me to write one blog post, and there's a paragraph in here that might do it again. Thanks, Simon.
- February 6, 2010 at 6:39 AM


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Llamas, Storage, Evokers! 1.11 is Here!
Good news, everyone! As expected, Mojang released 1.11 today, available to download for all using the launcher. There's plenty of changes, but here's a brief overview
Shulker Boxes have been added to the game as a means of portable storage. If you've played FTB before, think of these as a Bag of Holding, except that you need to place the block in order to access its' contents. Combined with sticky pistons and some redstone knowledge, some have created automatic storage banks, like this YouTuber.
Llamas have also been added, in four different colors and customization options through colored wool. Their mechanics are similar to horses: continually right clicking on the llama will tame it, and you can equip llamas with chests. Combined with herding mechanics that let you lead an entire pack, llamas look like a great mob to help you move your base, should you ever want to.
A new randomly generated structure has been added to the forest biome, filled with four new mobs, one of which being a new end-game boss called an Evoker. They're all based off human features, with Illagers and Evokers actually being reskinned villagers. Killing the Evoker will drop a Totem of Undying, an item that will prevent a player from dying if they hold the totem in their main or off-hand.
There's plenty more to get excited about, although you may not like this news: the iPwnAge Network hasn't upgrade to 1.11 yet. Many of our plugins and software systems do not support 1.11 yet. However, we've already implemented support for 1.11 clients to join the server and play like normal. We'll have to wait until at least this weekend before 1.11 actually arrives on the server, while external developer groups, as well as Drew and I, work around the clock to update our software for 1.11. Here's the current roadmap for full 1.11 support: Network-level 1.11 support for backwards compatibility to 1.10DONE! Spigot Team drafts a 1.11 API (ETA: Tuesday, November 15th)DONE! Apply all Rei patches to Spigot 1.11 (ETA: Thursday, November 17th)DONE! We run our own server software here, which is a combination of public works and our own changes to make iPA unique
Test server for 1.11 goes live (ETA: Thursday, November 17th)DONE! Iterate over community plugins and catalog all changes/upgrades necessary (ETA: Friday, November 18th)DONE! Test server for 1.11 goes live, again (ETA: Friday, November 18th)DONE! Official iPwnAge Network release for 1.11 (ETA: Saturday, November 19th)DONE!
We're happy to report that as of Sunday, November 20th, the Survival and Main server are fully 1.11. Continuing with previous MC updates, players can still join the Network with any version client, from 1.5 onward (though we really recommend using the latest version for the newest features, and more compatibility)


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Discussion in 'Photography Beginners' Forum' started by kravjitsu, Feb 13, 2009.
This photo reminds me of pan from pans labyrinth for some reason, C&C please.
I really like it.
My initial impression is that it reminds me of the soldiers who say "Ni!" from Monty Python. Regardless, I really like the photograph.
I'd like to try the same exact subject and frame, but change the focus to the base of the tree to see if the details of the bark stand out.
Interesting perspective. Overall a good shot, but I wish some of the branches up high had a little more substance so they don't seem so much like clutter in the shot. Nice work.
I think it would have made a big difference if i could have gotten just the tree with nothing around it but i cant chop down the surrounding trees lol so this was all i could get
Separate names with a comma.


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Sunday, December 25, 2016
The year 2016 was a happy one for me. I spent the whole year in Maui and was fortunate to be able to bring my little family over for a two week visit. Sunshine and water all day long! It would be great to all live there.
I renewed friendships on the little island and hosted a few guests. Just the right amount of fun adventures, shared meals and a good amount of alone time. And you know what I miss most? My outdoor shower!
On December 14 I returned to Portland to live in my 3 bedroom condo with this little family. I feel blessed to be able to enjoy the best of two worlds. Watching these two little boys learn and grow is an amazingly fun project. Jesse is used to running the household and is quite adamant about HIS way. Right now, it works with me being the morning shift. I bought a large coffee pot and set it up the night before so coffee is ready. The boys are up between 7:30 and 9:00. They play a while then I fix breakfast. Kate leaves about 9:15. Most days I fill her mug with coffee and fix her an English muffin or toast to eat on the way. She works four LONG days each week and rarely uses her 30 minutes to eat lunch ...
This morning, Christmas morning, we had to finally wake up Mr. Deacon at 10:30!! It's not even noon yet and my ears are exhausted! They've only opened a few gifts and their stockings so this may go on all day! It's sunny and 38 with a roaring fire going.
Merry Christmas!!!
8 comments:
Glad to hear you're enjoying this new chapter in your life. Looks like Christmas morning was very special for the boys!ReplyDeleteReplies
And they each got an age appropriate robot! Who knew a not quite 3 year old could figure out how to work one!Delete
Loved hearing your version of Christmas. I enjoy it whenever you post photos of the boys. That last one looks like a Rockwell. :) PJs are cute.ReplyDeleteReplies
I hope I don't bore everyone with photos! They are just so darned cute to me ....Delete
How wonderful that you will enjoy your family for the next few years - good for you. I don't think I could live 365/24/7 with my family - a few hours at a time works for me!! Merry Christmas and Happy 2017.ReplyDeleteReplies
Late last night Jesse sent me the sweetest text of thanks. I really do feel very welcome! Even though he doesn't let me do much except play with the boys.Delete
I'm also glad you have a room to get away too when the hub-bub gets to noisy and tiring. Such fun with the "littles".ReplyDeleteReplies
My heart melts when they say "watch me, Grandma ... watch me do this". A million times.Delete
It will be so different when Braeden is in school all day ....


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Capote (2005) (R)
Truman Capote is one of America's most celebrated authors. He authored the famous novella "Breakfast of Tiffany's" which turned into one of the most acclaimed romantic films starring Audrey Hepburn. But although he is one of our more famous, quirky, recent authors, his private life was very dark. He was a man who seemed to enjoy making other people happy while falling apart on the inside. "Capote" gives us the author's last completed venture in writing.
In Cold Blood is a book about the killing of a Kansas family. It was a quite morning in a little town when the world crumbled around the people. An unmotivated act of violence that seemed like a mystery. Truman Capote decides that he wants to write about this crime. He sets out to Kansas with his best friend Harper Lee, best known for her work To Kill a Mockingbird.
What he finds are the oddities and depressiveness of a community that has just lost one of their own. There is a detective who just wants the murders solved and the family of the deceased, it's just his job and he wants it done. To Truman it's more of a fanciful affair—something to write about. Truman Capote wades through all of these people trying to find out how he can write a book about it.
When the murderers are caught, Truman has a connection with one of them and decides that he wants his book to empathize with the killers. One problem, they won't tell him what happened the night the family died.
Truman Capote descends into madness. He tries to manipulate it out of them and bride it out of them but they won't say anything. He does his best and still to no avail. He comes to grips with the fact that his book is going nowhere fast and he can't do anything about it. Sent into a tailspin by the effect the killers have on him he can't function normally. He becomes vacantly catatonic. So powerful are the emotions that he's experiencing that he can't celebrate when his friend's book becomes a success.
Philip Seymour Hoffman plays Capote, not exactly an obvious choice for the role. Hoffman is big and bulky while Capote was small and feminine. But Hoffman becomes Capote like no other person could have. You are convinced from the get-go that the actual author is playing himself. It's one of the best acting roles ever put to screen.
The movie itself is somewhat depressing. Long shots of the prairie are used to convey the forlornness of the tale. It can be a little trying, the subject matter is so stylized that is almost looses all its tension.
But I enjoyed the movie for what it was, the sad months of the last book that Truman Capote would ever finish.
Score: 3 out of 4 stars
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Carpet Cleaning Porthcawl – Award Winning Cleaners
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Using only the best equipment, machinery, cleaning solutions, incorporated with our exceptional techniques, we achieve outstanding results every time.
Accompany Our Thousands+ Happy Customers


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G7: PH case vs. China a 'useful basis' to resolve disputes in South China Sea
Updated 13:00 PM PHT Thu, April 20, 2017
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Metro Manila (CNN Philippines, April 20) — The arbitral ruling in favor of the Philippines in a maritime row with China should be used as basis for the peaceful resolution of disputes in the South China Sea, the Group of Seven (G7) leaders said.
Leaders from seven advanced economies -- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States -- expressed concern over the long-standing maritime row, one of the major security issues they discussed in a meeting on April 11 in Lucca, Italy. The European Union was also represented in the meeting.
"We consider the July 12, 2016 award rendered by the Arbitral Tribunal under the UNCLOS as a useful basis for further efforts to peacefully resolve disputes in the South China Sea," the G7 leaders said in a joint communique.
This landmark ruling of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague awarded to the Philippines areas in the South China Sea that lie within the country's 200-mile exclusive economic zone, based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
The UNCLOS is an international treaty that sets the limits of countries' territorial waters and guidelines for the use of marine resources. The Philippines and China are signatories to the treaty.
However, China has refused to acknowledge the arbitral ruling and continues to claim the South China Sea in its entirety.
Also read: What you need to know about the Arbitral Tribunal's ruling
Critics have slammed President Rodrigo Duterte's "defeatist" stance on the issue. Duterte has repeatedly said the country cannot afford to go to war against China, but has promised to bring up the arbitral ruling with China during his term.
G7: Avoid tensions, forge code
The G7 also reiterated its "strong opposition" against the militarization of disputed areas, and urged claimant countries to comply with international law.
Aside from the Philippines and China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei also have competing claims in the South China Sea.
The G7 leaders said countries should avoid any "unilateral actions which increase tensions, such as the threat or use of force, large scale land reclamation, building of outposts, as well as their use for military purposes."
"We emphasize the fundamental importance of building trust and security and of the peaceful management and settlement of maritime disputes in good faith and in accordance with international law, including through internationally recognized legal dispute settlement mechanisms, including arbitration," the G7 said.
The G7 also called for the establishment and implementation of a legally binding code of conduct for parties with conflicting claims in the South China Sea.
China and the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) already signed in 2002 a Declaration on the Code of Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, but they have yet to agree on its implementation. This will be tackled again in a meeting in May, one of the activities during the Philippines' chairmanship of the ASEAN this year.
PH, China to start maritime row talks in May
The G7's statements come after recently reported plans of Chinese construction in the disputed Scarborough Shoal, one of the islets and reefs in the South China Sea.
The government has accepted China's pronouncement it has no official plans to build anything on Scarborough, also known as Panatag Shoal.
Read: China denies reports of building facility on Scarborough Shoal


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AquaX is the fastest growing personal watercraft championship in the world. Its rapid growth is owed to a simple, yet challenging race format that appeals to todays personal watercraft users.
This year the program will include the unveiling of a professional level race series and expansion of two further championships in the Great Lakes region of the USA and in Southeast Asia.
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We also use Google Analytics on our web sites to count traffic visiting the site. This cookie does not know or record any of your personal information, it merely records which pages are visited.This site uses cookies. Cookies are small data tokens that are used to pass information from page to page as you visit a web site.
Thomas Batisse, winner of rounds one and two in Agon-Coutainville, France and Milford Haven, Wales, continued his dominance of the 300 amateur class with victory in Port Balis.
He was able to hold off the advances of Claude Vangansbeck on the Spanish coast to take top spot in the championship by 38 points.
Dave Coe, despite a disappointing weekend by his standards, took third ahead of fellow Brit Richard Cable.
Like Batisse, Toni Luciano has been dominant in the 200 class this season and he didn't let up at the final round, securing three wins from three to land the title by a whopping 64 points.
The battle for second was closer but, despite a strong weekend from Dave Lee, Carl Lofthouse took second by 21 points.
British champion Simon Gill was made to work hard to pick up the first European Ski Lites championship as Frenchman Nicolas Devys pushed him all the way. Devys was able to close the gap by 20 points with victory in Port Balis but still fell 16 points short of championship glory, while Britain's Harry Robinson took third in the championship.
The Spark / EX championship battle was the closest of the Euro Tour as Maxime Benoit and Thibaut Olivier battled to the very end. It was Benoit who eventually came out on top by just four points, overturning a five-point deficit on his rival heading into the final round and Tom Miller, who could only score 19 points in Port Balis, slipped back to third having led going into the weekend.
In the ladies category, Jennifer Hervouet took victory after consistent results in Agon-Coutainville and Port Balis, beating Julie Roucayrol and Sandrine Lecomte to victory.
The SXR 1500 and Junior Ski championships were decided by just one round of racing in Port Balis and Simon Raoulx and Joan Sevil Genoves took home the title in their respective classes.
Nick Brockbanks wasn't present in Port Balis last weekend but picked up the 250 class title after racing in Agon-Coutainville and Milford Haven.


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Monetary benefits
Many parents find it difficult to bear costly university expenses. Especially if you are living away from home, there are also accommodation and living costs to take care of. In these circumstances, the extra money can really reduce the burden on your parents, besides giving you a chance to save up for that cool phone you have wanted for a while now. Moreover, you are likely to be better at budgeting once you start earning on your own.
Time management
Once you get used to the pressure, you will surely get better at time management, and are likely to pick up a few organising tricks. These are important skills in all aspects of life and will surely help you maintain balance when you fully step into the professional world after graduation.
Networking prospects
Working part-time could give you an edge over those who are not working when you start your career. You can use your part-time job to get an introduction to the corporate world, using this chance to further explore your interested career. You can begin networking with others in your chosen field before others, giving yourself a head start that will help you stand out at interviews after graduation.
Transferable skills
Working part-time can provide you with a skill set that is desirable to employers. Since, you have already been exposed to the working world, you would be more aware of the corporate culture. Not only know would you know how things work better than your batch-mates, you would also learn teamwork and be more adaptable to different environments. In fact, just the mere fact that you are simultaneously working and studying shows employers that you are ambitious and have an admirable work ethic.
Falling grades
Many parents believe that a job can be detrimental to studies. With the shortage of time, it is often difficult to attend all classes, maintain assignment deadlines, and manage good grades at the same time. Often one finds himself/herself struggling to maintain a good CGPA, which can have a bad effect on one's career later.
Finding the right job
Realistically, students are often new to the working world and with zero experience, finding the right job is rather difficult, especially one that is relevant to your field. Students are also prone to exploitation in terms of hours or pay. And while tutoring jobs are great to jog your memory on high-school theories and can pay great, they do not make your CV stand out.
Missing out
University life is supposed to be one of the best times of your life. With inspiring teachers and a diversified student body, university life is rather dynamic and if you spend more time at work, which you will be doing 24/7 after graduation anyway, there is a chance that you will miss out on university experiences. Many suggest being involved in voluntary work and club work in the university instead of working outside so that you can take away more from your university while you are there.
Whether you chose to work while studying, or want to concentrate just on studies is entirely up to you. Even the amount of work that you plan on doing is something only you can decide. While jobs such as tutoring or freelance photography should not take up too much of your time, the same may not be the case for jobs that are much more demanding and require you to work in an office. So, here are a few tips to make this easier for you.
If you have an assignment due the next day, it may not be wise to be start working for something that is due two weeks later. Use a diary or colour-code your calendar—anything that helps you keep track of your shifts, important deadlines, and social events.
Communication is key
Make sure you let your boss know early if you have important lectures or quizzes that you need to attend. Employers working with students usually know the limitations of a student's life, and should be pretty flexible with hours. Talk to your professors as well. In case you miss classes or lecturers, do not be shy to ask for help from your peers and tutors.
Take a break
Yes, it is going to get overwhelming which is why it is so important to take a break once in a while. Plan a weekend getaway with friends or take a stroll in the park if you are too busy to take a whole day off. Alternatively, just take the day off and catch up on sleep or movies. Not only will it improve your efficiency once you get back, it will also help you maintain a healthy lifestyle so that you do not overwork yourself and get sick. That way, you can easily get the best of both worlds!
Words: Adiba Mahbub Proma
Illustration: Ehsanur Raza Ronny
Adiba is a second-year student of Computer Science and Engineering at BRAC University


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Technical Support
Your time, effort and support are very appreciated! Your feedback is actually not only helping us as an organization, but also all Oregonians; both entrepreneurs and investors. Our goal of building this online platform is to support Oregon residents to be able to view and invest in Oregon businesses' prospectuses from anywhere and at anytime they are ready to invest at their comfort. The technology to do that, accommodate every possible prospectus terms of sale and still comply with the law is a difficult task, yet add to that the difficulty of short timelines, limited staff, very limited resources (Hatch Innovation is a non-profit).
We appreciate your support, you being part of this effort and for being keen to support Oregon entrepreneurs. Thank you!


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Everyday i am learning a lot from the guy. I must admit i was hesitant to get drawn to him at first because the last family dog- "Thomas" died around three months ago, days before my dad did and so when i first saw Whornie i told hubby "Oh, no, please don't make me fall in love with him...not yet, not just yet....but as it turned out..who could say no to such a jolly fellow?
Everyday, he seems to be teaching me lessons in life and the fact that he only speaks "arf! arf! arf!" is not a hindrance. One only has to have a caring heart to understand all of God's creation.
"Life's road is never perfect, watch out for holes on the ground, you might just get stuck! When you accidentally do, aaah, pull that leg out and continue the journey but first, check where you are...you wouldn't love to get lost arf! arf! arf!"
"You can not always be the leader, learn to wait for the slow ones. After all, walking is never fun when you do it alone."
"It is always nice to make new friends...but it won't do you harm to smell them first before you give your hundred percent trust....i think this one is fine arf arf arf..."
"Oooohhhh life is a series of bridges...and this one is one of those hardest to cross. I think i might fall... gee...it is not cowardice to retreat when you think the journey is too dangerous...you might just be, saving your life."
...and I thank God for every blade of grass, each leaf on the trees...each cloud in the sky...each dog that barks...i could go on and on...
Oh, i must add, i thank God for
and all of YOU who are spending your precious time with us...


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Oh - this is good! So very very good!! Can I say that finally some folks have seen the light and realised that DRM is not too good for business?
Napster Inc., the digital music service, on Tuesday opened the world's biggest MP3 download store with more than 6 million songs in a direct challenge to Apple Inc's iTunes store. The new Web-based music store will have digital songs from all major music labels as well as thousands of independent labels. The MP3-format songs will be compatible with the vast majority of digital media devices and mobile phones including Apple's popular iPod as well as its iPhone.
The new Napster service tries to take on Apple's dominance in digital music by offering fans more songs without copy protection or digital rights management (DRM). Most of the six million songs on the iTunes Music store are available with Fairplay DRM, which prevents the songs from being played on most portable players other than the iPod. Major labels in particular had previously been reluctant to allow online retailers to sell their songs without protection as a way to avoid piracy. As the industry outlook gets tougher more executives are willing to experiment or take a risk. (Reuters)


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Taipei, Feb. 7 (CNA) The main venue of the 2017 Taiwan Lantern Festival in Yunlin County's Huwei Township will feature various themes, performances and handicrafts when it kicks off Feb. 11, the organizers said Tuesday.
The county will display 3,000 lanterns in two areas, the main venue in Huwei and the supporting venue in Beigang, covering more than 50 hectares -- the largest number of lanterns and the biggest display area ever.
Lanterns will be displayed at six themed sites -- sustainable LOHA lifestyle, my hometown, a history of puppet shows, 100-meter puppet show platforms, religious prayers and local handicrafts.
According to the show organizers, the Huwei venue will also feature a lantern pavilion dedicated to showcasing Vietnamese, Thai, Cambodian, Indonesian and Philippine cultures.
A display of traditional floating water lanterns from Southeast Asia will be particularly appealing to local visitors and will enable them to appreciate the cultural significance behind them, they said.
The many attraction will be a 23-meter giant phoenix lantern designed by a renowned local artist.
The lantern displays will be open to the public from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. Monday through Thursday, and from 10 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. Friday through Sunday.
The organizers said 25,000 car parking spaces and 6,900 scooter spots have been set up to make it easier for visitors to reach the Huwei venue.
The main area will be in Huwei's Yunlin Agriculture Expo Park, where there will be a trial run on Feb. 8, lasting until Feb. 10, before the official Feb. 11 launch.
(By Yeh Tzu-kang and Ko Lin)


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Manila to Host SEABA Tourney; THE SOUTHEAST Asian Basketball Association (SEABA) Championship Has Been Moved from Thailand to the Philippines in May
Byline: WAYLON GALVEZ
Sources said the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas (SBP), headed by Manny Pangilinan, has already gotten a positive response from FIBA-Asia and is merely awaiting for the official confirmation.
The development will afford home fans to watch the star-studded national team in action.
The top two finishers in the SEABA will advance in the FIBA-Asia, which serves as the Olympic qualifying tournament for the 2008 Beijing Games.
As Olympic host, China is already qualified, the best two teams in FIBA-Asia will earn Olympic berths.
The SEABA will be the first international meet for the nationals after FIBA, the world governing body for basketball, lifted its suspension on the country, ending almost two-year absence.
"I welcome it," said national coach Chot Reyes.
The last time the county hosted the SEABA was in 2001, when the team powered by Romel Adducul scored a clean sweep. It was in 2003 when the national team played in the same tournament, which qualified them to the FIBA-Asia but placed 13th overall. …


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An exploration of the Chattahoochee Valley through the camera lens. The tri-city community consists of Phenix City, Alabama; Columbus, Georgia; and Fort Benning, Georgia. I hope you enjoy your visit.
Ah oui, c'est rose !!!!! This is such FUN!
wow! thats a pink dog!
Too funny...that's a lot of pink! LOL!
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BSNL Management Trainee Recruitment 2015 Selection Process, Exam Pattern & Syllabus
BSNL Management Trainee examination has been postponed till further orders. Keep Visiting this page for updates.
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) is going to conduct a recruitment examination for filling up 400 posts of Management Trainee (Telecom Operations & Finance) in various branches of BSNL all over India. BSNL MT recruitment exam is scheduled to be conducted on
08.08.2015 postponed.
BSNL MT Recruitment 2015 Online Application process was held from 25.05.2015 to 07.07.2015
Those candidates, who have applied for BSNL MT posts and are going to appear in the examination, can check here detailed recruitment process and exam pattern & syllabus.
BSNL MT Recruitment 2015 Selection Process
The selection process of BSNL Management Trainee recruitment involves following 3 steps
- Assessment Process (written test)
- Group Discussion
- Document verification & Interview
The final selection will be based on the combined score in above 3 exams
Step-by-step details of each phase along with exam pattern & syllabus are given below
1. Written Test
BSNL will conduct a written examination on 08th August, 2015 for all candidates, who applied for MT recruitment 2015. The exam will be based on following pattern
Exam Pattern
- Exam mode: written
- Multiple Choice Objective Type
- Duration: 3 hrs
- Max marks: 450
- Negative marking: 1/4th for each wrong answer
- No. of Papers: 3
- Management Aptitude: 150 marks
- Cognitive Ability: 150 marks
- Technical Knowledge: 150 marks
Paper-1 Management Aptitude: General Management, Management Information Systems, Managerial economics, Marketing, Accounting and Finance, Human Resources Management, Organizational Behavior, Strategic Management, Operations Management, Telecom knowledge and Current events of national and international importance
Paper-2 Cognitive Ability: Quantitative Ability & Data Sufficiency, Reasoning (e.g. analytical, logical, critical reasoning) and Verbal ability, reading comprehension and analysis
Paper 3 Technical Knowledge: Technical knowledge paper syllabus would be different for Telecom operations and Telecom Finance as below
- Telecom Operations: Material and Components, Physical Electronics, Electronics Devices and ICs., Signals and Systems, Network theory, Electromagnetic theory, Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, Analog Electronic Circuits, Digital Electronic Circuits, Control Systems, Communication Systems, Microwave Engineering, Computer Engineering and Power Electronics
- Telecom Finance: Financial Management (an overview), Cost Accounting, Financial Management in Public Sector Enterprises, Advanced Accounting, Principles of Taxation (Tax Laws), Financial Statements, Companies Act 1956 (with amendments), Auditing and Bare Acts
Candidates will have to clear individual cut off in each of above 3 papers in order to move to the next round.
2. Group Discussion (GD)
A Group Discussion will be conducted among selected candidates based on any recent or current events, politics, technology, etc.
3. Interview
Candidates, who clear the qualifying marks of above two steps, will be called for document verification and interview. Candidates will be notified at the time what document they need to carry to the interview.
Good luck!


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|1,050 sq ft
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 - 7 nights
Southwind is a low rise condo complex on the quiet West End of PC Beach. Our Unit is on the 3rd floor directly across from pool with a fantastic oversized front porch to sit in the afternons and watch the kids in the pool. There is a gulf view off the 2nd bedroom balcony; a great spot for morning coffee watching the sun rise over the Gulf of Mexico. It is only about a 3 minute walk from the front door until toes in the sand.
We purchased the condo summer of 2014 and just finished updating condo with new furniture, flooring, fixtures, appliances and granite kitchen countertops. Our condo is the largest floor plan, at over 1050 sq ft, in the complex. Southwind is a low rise family friendly condo complex with approximately 80 units located on the west end of Panama City beach directly across the street from the beautiful beaches and the Gulf of Mexico. You can park directly in front of the unit and we are located on the top floor (3rd) directly across from the pool. It is approximately a 2 minute walk from the condo to the beach. Our condo does have a gulf view from the west facing covered patio which is great for morning coffee. The extra large front porch directly overlooks the pool so you can sit under the ceiling fans while the kids are at the pool. The unit has wifi access from the Southwind Clubhouse along with 3 flat screen televisions and 3 DVD players.
Our condo will sleep comfortably sleep 6 as the master bedroom has a king bed along with flat screen television. The second bedroom has a queen bed and the gulf view balcony is attached to it. The living room has a new recliner, leather furniture, flat screen HD television and wifi. We have 2 cots that are great for kids which will allow the condo to comfortably sleep 6. There is a pack n play along with high chair in the unit for guests with small children. The kitchen is fully stocked with everything you would need to fix a meal and we provide all linens, along with washer and dryer.... everything you need for a relaxing vacation! We have almost completely updated the unit since taking ownership in June of 2014 and updates include bathroom fixtures, paint, flooring, stove, microwave, flat screen televisions. Please read our reviews from the guests who have stayed with us.
We are approximately 5 minutes west of Pier Park and in very close proximity to Frank Brown park for summer baseball and softball tournaments. The complex has tennis courts, shuffleboard, and the pool rarely crowded for your enjoyment.
My family of 5 absolutely loves the great weather and beautiful beaches of Panama City Beach Florida.
Gary Plunkett purchased this condo in 2013
We love the quiet west end location of Southwind; it is just a short drive to Pier Park but this end of Panama City Beach is much more laid back and family friendly. We love sitting on the balcony in the mornings enjoying our coffee and watching the water. This condo is about 1100 sq. ft and with 3 kids (and their friends they always have to bring) it has plenty of space to spread out. From the large front porch you can see everything going on at the swimming pool, shuffle board, and tennis courts and it is shaded from the hot afternoon sunshine.
The condo was great . It was very clean & comfortable . It was a very short walk to a great beach . Everything we needed for cooking was there . There are also plenty of great restaurants close by . It was an extremely pleasant & relaxing vacation . We will be back .
This condo met and exceeded our expectations. It was very clean when we arrived and well furnished. There was plenty of room for our family of 5. The master bedroom was very large and nicely decorated. Even though it does not sit directly on the beach, the back balcony has an excellent view of the sand and water. The very short walk to the beach is direct and easy. Walking back and forth from the condo takes no time at all. The front balcony is huge and is an excellent place to sit and watch your kids at the pool which is directly in front of the condo.
While certain parts of Panama City are busy and crowded, this condo is located in a very non-congested area yet is very close to Pier Park. There are many very good restaurants close by. We visited Thomas' Donuts several times during our stay for both breakfast and lunch.
Overall, we were very happy with our stay. The owners are very nice and easy to work with. They really make sure you enjoy your visit.
We enjoyed our stay at this property. The condo is well-appointed, nicely decorated, and in a very convenient location to the gorgeous beach. Owner made sure we had all the info including hints for great restaurants nearby. Thanks for a great vacation!
We had a fabulous time at this condo. Everything we needed we were accommodated with having. The beach was right across the street with easy access. We enjoyed the Seabreeze Jazz Festival which was only ten minutes away. We want to rent it again soon. Thank you for having us.
The condo was excellant and very comfortable. Easy access to shopping and eating. Plenty of space for all of my players. I highly recommend this condo for people going to PCB
We love love love this condo! It makes you feel relaxed and refreshed! Close to everything but far enough away to not be stressed from all the crowds! You will not be disappointed! We go every year! :)
1.5 miles west of Pier Park. 3 miles from Frank Brown Park
|Departure Cleaning
|Refundable Damage Deposit
|Tax Rate


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Mar 15, 2017
I am an introvert and networking has always been difficult for me, but I have always known that networking would be the key to reaching my professional goals. I have found that giving myself a challenge is the best way to take my networking to the next level. In 2011, I challenged myself to meet with four people I didn't know and four people I did know each month in my 4X4 networking challenge. I learned so much from meeting 96 people in my 2011 challenge but I wanted to take it to the next level. So at the beginning of 2012, I set another networking challenge for myself to interview 50 successful businesswomen about their career and professional success.


text: AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter General Description Features The AAT1157 SwitchReg™ is a member of AnalogicTech's Total Power Management IC™ (TPMIC™) product family. The step-down switching converter is ideal for applications where fixed frequency and low ripple are required over the full range of load conditions. The 2.7V to 5.5V input voltage range makes the AAT1157 ideal for singlecell lithium-ion/polymer battery applications. Capable of up to 1.2A with internal MOSFETs, the current-mode controlled IC provides high efficiency over a wide operating range. Fully integrated compensation simplifies system design and lowers external parts count. The device operates at a fixed 1MHz switching frequency across all load conditions. • • • • • • • • • • • VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V Up to 95% Efficiency 110 mΩ RDS(ON) Internal Switches <1µA Shutdown Current 1MHz Buck Switching Frequency Fixed or Adjustable VOUT ≥ 0.8V Integrated Power Switches Current Mode Operation Internal Compensation Stable with Ceramic Capacitors Constant PWM Operation for Low Output Ripple Internal Soft Start Over-Temperature Protection Current Limit Protection 16-Pin QFN 3x3mm Package -40°C to +85°C Temperature Range • • • • • The AAT1157 is available in the Pb-free, 16-pin 3x3mm QFN package and is rated over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range. SwitchReg™ Applications • • • • • • • HDD MP3 Players Notebook Computers PDAs Point-of-Load Regulation Set Top Boxes Smart Phones Wireless Notebook Adapters Typical Application U1 AAT1157 3.3V 12 R1 100 C1 10µF 11 10 7 9 6 C2 0.1µF 8 5 1157.2005.11.1.4 VP FB VP LX VP LX EN VCC LX N/C N/C PGND N/C PGND SGND PGND 2.5V 4 R3 187k 15 14 13 L1 3.0µH 16 3 R4 59k C3-C4 2x 22µF 2 1 1 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter Pin Descriptions Pin # Symbol 1, 2, 3 PGND 4 FB 5 SGND Signal ground. Connect the return of all small signal components to this pin. (See board layout rules.) 7 EN Enable input pin. A logic high enables the converter; a logic low forces the AAT1157 into shutdown mode reducing the supply current to less than 1µA. The pin should not be left floating. 6, 8, 16 N/C Not internally connected. 9 VCC Bias supply. Supplies power for the internal circuitry. Connect to input power via low pass filter with decoupling to SGND. 10, 11, 12 VP Input supply voltage for the converter power stage. Must be closely decoupled to PGND. 13, 14, 15 LX Connect inductor to these pins. Switching node internally connected to the drain of both high- and low-side MOSFETs. EP Function Main power ground return pin. Connect to the output and input capacitor return. (See board layout rules.) Feedback input pin. This pin is connected to the converter output. It is used to set the output of the converter to regulate to the desired value via an internal resistive divider. For an adjustable output, an external resistive divider is connected to this pin. Exposed paddle (bottom); connect to PGND directly beneath package. Pin Configuration QFN33-16 (Top View) LX LX LX N/C 13 14 15 16 PGND PGND PGND FB 1 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 VP VP VP VCC 8 7 6 5 N/C EN N/C SGND 2 1157.2005.11.1.4 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol VCC, VP VLX VFB VEN TJ VESD Description VCC, VP to GND LX to GND FB to GND EN to GND Operating Junction Temperature Range ESD Rating2 - HBM Value Units 6 -0.3 to VP + 0.3 -0.3 to VCC + 0.3 -0.3 to -6 -40 to150 3000 V V V V °C V Value Units 50 4.2 2.0 °C/W °C/W W Value Units -40 to 85 °C Thermal Characteristics Symbol θJA θJC PD Description 3 Maximum Thermal Resistance (QFN33-16) Maximum Thermal Resistance (QFN33-16) Maximum Power Dissipation (QFN33-16) (TA = 25°C)3, 4 Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol T Description Ambient Temperature Range 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Human body model is 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin. 3. Mounted on a demo board (FR4, in still air). Exposed pad must be mounted to PCB. 4. Derate 20mW/°C above 25°C. 1157.2005.11.1.4 3 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter Electrical Characteristics1 VIN = VCC = VP = 5V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C. Symbol VIN Description Input Voltage Range VOUT Output Voltage Tolerance ∆VOUT/VOUT ∆VOUT(VOUT*∆VIN) IQ ISHDN ILIM Load Regulation Line Regulation Quiescent Supply Current Shutdown Current Current Limit VUVLO VUVLO(HYS) VIL VIH IIL IIH RDS(ON)H RDS(ON)L FOSC TSD THYS Conditions Under-Voltage Lockout Under-Voltage Lockout Hysteresis Input Low Voltage Input High Voltage Input Low Current Input High Current High Side Switch On Resistance Low Side Switch On Resistance Oscillator Frequency Over-Temperature Shutdown Threshold Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis VIN = VOUT + 0.2 to 5.5V, IOUT = 0 to 1.2A VIN = 4.2V, ILOAD = 0 to 1.2A VIN =2.7 to 5.5V No Load VEN = 0V, VIN = 5.5V TA = 25°C VIN Rising, VEN = VCC VIN Falling, VEN = VCC Min Typ Max Units 2.7 5.5 V -4 +4 % ±2.5 ±0.1 160 300 1.0 1.7 2.5 1.2 250 0.6 1.4 VIN = VFB = 5.5V VIN = VFB = 0V TA = 25°C TA = 25°C TA = 25°C 750 110 100 1000 1.0 1.0 150 150 1250 % %/V µA µA A V mV V V µA µA mΩ mΩ kHz 140 °C 15 °C 1. The AAT1157 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 4 1157.2005.11.1.4 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter Typical Characteristics No Load Supply Current vs. Input Voltage DC Regulation (VOUT = 2.5V) 2.0 300 VIN = 3.6V 1.0 Output Error (%) Supply Current (µ µA) 85°C 250 200 25°C 150 -40°C 100 50 VIN = 3.3V -1.0 -2.0 -3.0 -4.0 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 1 5.5 10 100 10000 Output Current (mA) P-Channel RDSON vs. Input Voltage N-Channel RDSON vs. Input Voltage 200 180 180 100°C 160 120°C 160 RDSON (mΩ Ω) 140 120 100 85°C 80 25°C 60 100°C 120°C 140 120 100 80 85°C 60 40 40 20 20 0 2.5 25°C 0 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) Output Voltage vs. Temperature Frequency vs. Input Voltage (VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 2.5V; IOUT = 1.0A) 5.5 (VOUT = 1.8V) 0.1 1.3 0 Frequency (MHz) Output Voltage Error (%) 1000 Input Voltage (V) 200 RDSON (mΩ Ω) VIN = 3.0V 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 -0.6 -0.7 -40 -20 0 20 40 Temperature (°°C) 1157.2005.11.1.4 60 80 100 1.2 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 Input Voltage (V) 5 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter Output Ripple (VOUT = 2.5V; IOUT = 1.2A; VIN = 3.6V) 3.5 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 0.0 2.0 -2.0 1.5 -4.0 1.0 -6.0 0.5 -8.0 0.0 -10.0 -0.5 0.02 2 -0.01 -0.02 1.5 -0.03 1 -0.04 0.5 -0.05 -0.06 0 Time (500ns/div) Load Transient Response (400mA-1.2A; VIN = 3.3V; VOUT = 2.5V) 0.24 4.2 0.20 4.0 0.16 3.8 0.12 3.6 0.08 3.4 0.04 3.2 0.00 3.0 -0.04 2.8 -0.08 Time (25µ µs/div) 0.08 4.0 0.05 3.5 0.02 3.0 -0.01 2.5 -0.04 -0.07 2.0 1.5 1.2A -0.10 -0.13 1.0 400mA -0.16 Load Current (A) (bottom) 4.4 Output Voltage (AC Coupled) (V) (top) Line Transient (IOUT = 1.2A; VO = 2.5V) Output Voltage (AC coupled) (bottom) (V) Input Voltage (top) (V) 2.5 0 Time (250µ µs/div) 6 3 0.01 Inductor Current (bottom) (A) 6.0 Output Voltage (AC coupled) (top) (V) Soft Start (VOUT = 2.5V; IOUT = 1.2A; VIN = 3.6V) Inductor Current (bottom) (A) Enable and Output Voltage (top) (V) Typical Characteristics 0.5 0.0 Time (20µ µs/div) 1157.2005.11.1.4 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter Functional Block Diagram VCC VP = 2.7V to 5.5V 1.0V REF FB OP. AMP CMP DH LOGIC 1MΩ LX DL Temp. Sensing OSC SGND Applications Information Control Loop The AAT1157 is a peak current mode buck converter. The inner wide bandwidth loop controls the inductor peak current. The inductor current is sensed through the P-channel MOSFET (high side) and is also used for short-circuit and overload protection. A fixed slope compensation signal is added to the sensed current to maintain stability for duty cycles greater than 50%. The loop appears as a voltage-programmed current source in parallel with the output capacitor. The voltage error amplifier output programs the current loop for the necessary inductor current to force a constant output voltage for all load and line conditions. The external voltage feedback resistive divider divides the output voltage to the error amplifier reference voltage of 0.6V. The low-DC gain voltage error amplifier eliminates the need for external compensation components while providing sufficient DC loop gain for good load regulation. The voltage loop crossover frequency and phase margin are set by the output capacitor. Soft Start/Enable Soft start increases the inductor current limit point in discrete steps once the input voltage or enable 1157.2005.11.1.4 EN PGND input is applied. It limits the current surge seen at the input and eliminates output voltage overshoot. When pulled low, the enable input forces the AAT1157 into a non-switching shutdown state. The total input current during shutdown is less than 1µA. Power and Signal Source Separate small signal ground and power supply pins isolate the internal control circuitry from the noise associated with the output power MOSFET switching. The low-pass filter R1 and C2 shown in the Figure 1 schematic filters the input noise associated with the power switching. Current Limit and Over-Temperature Protection For overload conditions, the peak input current sensed through the high-side P-channel MOSFET is limited. Thermal protection completely disables switching when internal dissipation becomes excessive, protecting the device from damage. The junction over-temperature threshold is 140°C with 15°C of hysteresis. Once the over-temperature or over-current fault is removed, the AAT1157 automatically recovers. 7 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter LX Enable 12 R1 100 R2 C1 10µF 100K C2 0.1µF 11 10 7 9 6 8 5 GND VOUT+ U1 AAT1157 VIN+ VP FB VP LX VP LX EN LX VCC N/C N/C N/C PGND PGND SGND PGND 4 R3 15 14 13 L1 3.0µH 16 3 R4 59.0k C3-C4 2x 22µF 2 1 VOUT(V) 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 R3 (kΩ) 19.6 29.4 39.2 49.9 59.0 68.1 78.7 88.7 118 137 187 267 GND C1 Murata 10µF 6.3V X5R GRM42-6X5R106K6.3 C3,C4 MuRata 22µF 6.3V GRM21BR60J226ME39L X5R 0805 L1 Sumida CDRH5D28-3R0NC Figure 1: AAT1157 Evaluation Board Schematic Lithium-Ion to 2.5V Converter. Inductor Input Capacitor The output inductor should limit the ripple current to 330mA at the maximum input voltage. This matches the inductor current downslope with the fixed internal slope compensation. For a 2.5V output and the ripple set to a maximum input voltage of 4.2V, the inductance value required to limit the ripple current to 330mA is 3.0µH. From this calculated value, a standard value can be selected. The primary function of the input capacitor is to provide a low impedance loop for the edges of pulsed current drawn by the AAT1157. A low ESR/ESL ceramic capacitor is ideal for this function. To minimize stray inductance, the capacitor should be placed as closely as possible to the IC. This keeps the high frequency content of the input current localized, minimizing radiated and conducted EMI while facilitating optimum performance of the AAT1157. Ceramic X5R or X7R capacitors are ideal for this function. The size required will vary depending on the load, output voltage, and input voltage source impedance characteristics. Values range from 1µF to 10µF. The input capacitor RMS current varies with the input voltage and the output voltage. The equation for the RMS current in the input capacitor is: Manufacturer's specifications list both the inductor DC current rating, which is a thermal limitation, and the peak current rating, which is determined by the saturation characteristics. The inductor should not show any appreciable saturation under normal load conditions. Some inductors may meet the peak and average current ratings yet result in excessive losses due to a high DCR. Always consider the losses associated with the DCR and its effect on the total converter efficiency when selecting an inductor. L= = ⎛ VOUT VOUT ⎞ ⋅1∆IPP ⋅ F ⎝ VIN(MAX)⎠ 2.5V ⎛ 2.5V ⎞ ⋅ 10.33A ⋅ 1MHz ⎝ 4.2V ⎠ = 3.07µH For a maximum ripple current of 330mA, the peak switch and inductor current at 1.2A is 1.365A. A standard value of 3.0µH can be used in this example. The 3.0µH Sumida series CDRH5D28 inductor has a 24mΩ maximum DCR and a 2.4A DC current rating. 8 IRMS = IO ⋅ VO ⎛ VO ⎞ ⋅ 1VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ The input capacitor RMS ripple current reaches a maximum when VIN is two times the output voltage where it is approximately one half of the load current. Losses associated with the input ceramic capacitor are typically minimal and are not an issue. The proper placement of the input capacitor can be seen in the evaluation board layout (C1 in Figure 2). 1157.2005.11.1.4 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter For an X7R or X5R ceramic capacitor, the ESR is very low and the dissipation due to the RMS current of the capacitor is not a concern. Tantalum capacitors with sufficiently low ESR to meet output voltage ripple requirements also have an RMS current rating well beyond that actually seen in this application. 3. The trace connecting the FB pin to resistors R3 and R4 should be as short as possible by placing R3 and R4 immediately next to the AAT1157. The sense trace connection R3 to the output voltage should be separate from any power trace and connect as closely as possible to the load point. Sensing along a high-current load trace will degrade DC load regulation. 4. The resistance of the trace from the load return to the PGND (Pins 1, 2, and 3) and SGND (Pin 5) should be kept to a minimum. This will help to minimize any error in DC regulation due to differences in the potential of the internal signal ground and the power ground. SGND (Pin 5) can also be used to remotely sense the output ground at the point of load to improve regulation. 5. A low pass filter (R1 and C2) provides a cleaner bias source for the AAT1157 active circuitry. C2 should be placed as closely as possible to SGND (Pin 5) and VCC (Pin 9). 6. For good heat transfer, four 15 mil vias spaced on a 26 mil grid connect the QFN central paddle to the bottom side ground plane, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Layout Thermal Calculations Figures 2 and 3 display the suggested PCB layout for the AAT1157. The following guidelines should be used to help insure a proper layout. There are three types of losses associated with the AAT1157: MOSFET switching losses, conduction losses, and quiescent current losses. The conduction losses are due to the RDSON characteristics of the internal P- and N-channel MOSFET power devices. At full load, assuming continuous conduction mode (CCM), a simplified form of the total losses is given by: Output Capacitor Since there are no external compensation components, the output capacitor has a strong effect on loop stability. Larger output capacitance reduces the crossover frequency while increasing the phase margin. For the 2.5V 1.2A design using the 3.0µH inductor, a 40µF capacitor provides a stable output. Table 1 provides a list of suggested output capacitor values for various output voltages. In addition to assisting in stability, the output capacitor limits the output ripple and provides holdup during large load transitions. The output capacitor RMS ripple current is given by: IRMS = 1. 2. 1 2⋅ 3 ⋅ VOUT ⋅ (VIN - VOUT) L ⋅ F ⋅ VIN The input capacitor (C1) should connect as closely as possible to VP (Pins 10, 11, and 12) and PGND (Pins 1, 2, and 3). C3-C4 and L1 should be connected as closely as possible. The connection from L1 to the LX node should be as short as possible. Figure 2: Evaluation Board Top Side. 1157.2005.11.1.4 Figure 3: Evaluation Board Bottom Side. 9 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter P= 59kΩ. Values higher than this can cause stability problems, while lower values can degrade light load efficiency. For a 2.5V output with R4 set to 59kΩ, R3 is 187kΩ. IO2 ⋅ (RDSON(HS) ⋅ VO + RDSON(LS) ⋅ (VIN - VO)) VIN + (tsw ⋅ F ⋅ IO ⋅ VIN + IQ) ⋅ VIN ⎛ VO ⎞ ⎛ 2.5V ⎞ R3 = V -1 · R4 = 0.6V - 1 · 59kΩ = 187kΩ ⎝ REF ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ Where IQ is the AAT1157 quiescent current. Once the total losses have been determined, the junction temperature can be derived from the θJA for the QFN package. Close attention should be paid to the proper layout for the QFN package. Proper size and placement of thermal routing vias below the central paddle is necessary for good heat transfer to other PCB layers and their ground planes. The θJA for the QFN package with no connection to the central paddle is 50°C/W. The actual θJA will vary with the number and type of vias. The PCB board size, number of board layers, and ground plane characteristics also influence the θJA. A good thermal connection from the paddle to the PCB ground plane layers can significantly reduce θJA. Table 1: Suggested Component Values. Output Voltage (V) 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.5 3.3 L1 (µH) 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.2 3.0 3.0 2.2 - Output Capacitor (C3-C4) (µF) R3 for Ω R4 = 59kΩ Ω) (kΩ 3x 22 2x 22 2x 22 2x 22 2x 22 2x 22 22 19.6 39.2 59 88.7 118 187 267 2.6 3.3 3.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 TJ = P · ΘJA + TAMB Buck-Boost Output Adjustable Output Resistors R3 and R4, as shown in Figure 1, force the output to regulate higher than the 0.6V reference voltage level. The optimum value for R4 is VIN 2.7V to 5.5V Figure 4 shows how to configure the AAT1157 in a buck boost configuration with an external MOSFET and Schottky diode. The converter has a 3.3V 600mA output with an input voltage ranging from 2.7V to 5.5V. U1 AAT1157 R1 100 C1 22µF C2 0.1µF VO 3.3V/600mA R2 267k 12 VP OUT 4 11 VP LX 15 10 VP LX 14 7 EN LX 13 9 VCC N/C 16 6 N/C PGND 8 N/C PGND 5 SGND PGND 3 L1 3.0µH D1 MBRM120L Q1 Si2302ADS R3 59.0k C3,C4 2x 22µF 2 1 L1 Sumida CDRH5D28-3R0 C1 Murata 22µF 10V X7R 1210 GRM32ER71A226KE20L C3,C4 MuRata 22µF 6.3V X5R 0805 GRM21BR60J226ME39L Figure 4: AAT1157 Buck Boost Converter. 10 1157.2005.11.1.4 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter Design Example Specifications IOUT 1.2A IRIPPLE 330mA VOUT 2.5V VIN 3.0V to 4.2V FS 1MHz TAMB = 85°C Maximum Input Capacitor Ripple: IRMS = I O · VO ⎛ V ⎞ · 1 - O = 0.59Arms VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ P = esr · IRMS2 = 5mΩ · 0.592 A = 1.7mW Inductor Selection: L= ⎛ V ⎞ VOUT 2.5V 2.5V⎞ ⎛ ⋅ 1 - OUT = ⋅ 1= 3.07µH ∆IPP ⋅ F ⎝ VIN ⎠ 0.33A ⋅ 1MHz ⎝ 4.2V⎠ Select Sumida inductor CDRH5D28 3.0µH. ∆I = ⎛ 2.5V⎞ VO ⎛ V ⎞ 2.5V ⋅ 1- O = ⋅ ⎝1= 340mA L ⋅ F ⎝ VIN ⎠ 3.0µH ⋅ 1MHz 4.2V⎠ IPK = IOUT + ∆I = 1.2A + 0.17A = 1.37A 2 P = IO2 ⋅ DCR = (1.2A)2 ⋅ 31mΩ = 45mW Output Capacitor Ripple Current: IRMS = (VOUT) · (VIN - VOUT) 1 2.5V · (4.2V - 2.5V) · = 97.4mArms = L · F · VIN 2 · 3 3.0µH · 1MHz · 4.2V 2· 3 1 · Pesr = esr · IRMS2 = 5mΩ · (97.4mA)2 = 47.4µW 1157.2005.11.1.4 11 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter AAT1157 Dissipation and Junction Temperature Estimate: PTOTAL = = IO2 · (RDSON(HS) · VO + RDSON(LS) · (VIN -VO)) VIN + (tsw · F · IO + IQ) · VIN 1.2A2 · (0.17Ω · 2.5V + 0.16Ω · (4.2V - 2.5V)) 4.2V + (20nsec · 1MHz · 1.2A + 275µA) · 4.2V = 341mW TJ(MAX) = TAMB + ΘJA · PTOTAL = 85°C + 50°C/W · 0.341W = 102°C Surface Mount Inductors Manufacturer Part Number Sumida Sumida Sumida TaiyoYuden Sumida Sumida Sumida Sumida Sumida Sumida MuRata MuRata CDRH5D28-2R6 CDRH5D28-3R0 CDRH5D28-4R2 NPO5DB4R7M CDRH4D28-2R2 CDRH4D28-2R7 CDRH4D28-3R3 CDRH5D18-4R1 CDRH3D16/HP-2R2 CDRH3D16/HP-3R3 LQH55DN4R7M03 LQH66SN4R7M03 Value (µH) Max DC Current (A) DCR Ω) (mΩ Size (mm) LxWxH Type 2.6 3.0 4.2 4.7 2.2 2.7 3.3 4.1 2.2 3.3 4.7 4.7 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.4 2.04 1.6 1.57 1.95 2.3 1.8 2.7 2.2 18 24 31 38 31 43 49 57 59 85 41 25 5.7x5.7x3.0 5.7x5.7x3.0 5.7x5.7x3.0 5.9x6.1x2.8 5.0x5.0x3.0 5.0x5.0x3.0 5.0x5.0x3.0 5.7x5.7x2.0 4.0x4.0x1.8 4.0x4.0x1.8 5.0x5.0x4.7 6.3x6.3x4.7 Shielded Shielded Shielded Shielded Shielded Shielded Shielded Shielded Shielded Shielded Non-Shielded Shielded Surface Mount Capacitors Manufacturer Part Number MuRata MuRata MuRata GRM21BR60J106ME01L GRM21BR60J226ME01L GRM31CR60J106KA01L 12 Value (µF) Voltage (V) Temp. Co. Case 10 22 10 6.3 6.3 6.3 X5R X5R X5R 0805 0805 1206 1157.2005.11.1.4 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter Ordering Information Output Voltage Package Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 FB = 0.8V, Adjustable ≥ 0.8V QFN33-16 OEXYY AAT1157IVN-T1 All AnalogicTech products are offered in Pb-free packaging. The term "Pb-free" means semiconductor products that are in compliance with current RoHS standards, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. For more information, please visit our website at http://www.analogictech.com/pbfree. Package Information QFN33-16 0.230 ± 0.05 Pin 1 Identification 1 1.55 ± 0.15 13 9 0.500 ± 0.05 Top View 0.025 ± 0.025 Bottom View 0.850 ± 0.05 3.000 ± 0.05 0.400 ± 0.05 Pin 1 Dot By Marking 3.000 ± 0.05 5 0.203 ± 0.0254 Side View All dimensions in millimeters. 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD. 1157.2005.11.1.4 13 AAT1157 1MHz 1.2A Buck DC/DC Converter © Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech product. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. AnalogicTech warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with AnalogicTech's standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed. Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. 830 E. Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Phone (408) 737-4600 Fax (408) 737-4611 14 1157.2005.11.1.4