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Basic Gloves by Kitty Adventures
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Basic Gloves
This pattern is available as a free Ravelry download
Terms Used
- K: Knit
- P: Purl
- Sts: Stitch
- K1fb: knit into the back and front of a st to make 2 sts from 1.
Simple fingerless mitts using worsted weight yarn, made in the round. Gauge is 5 stitches an inch. Three different sizes are given, as well as two thumb sizes.
This tutorial was also made as a youtube video to further explain all steps in a visual manner. Check out the video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FL-ZIapGE04
You will need:
- 100 yards of worsted weight yarn.
- Size 4.5 mm double pointed knitting needles or magic loop needle.
- a scrap piece of yarn for the thumb
- Yarn needle for weaving in ends.
- A hand to put the finished item on.
Feel free to sell or gift any finished item, or to build upon this simple beginner tutorial--provided you do not use any of my pictures.
About this pattern
18 projects, in 23 queues
About this yarn
by Knit Picks
100% Acrylic
219 yards / 100 grams
rating of 4.3 from 2187 votes
19513 projects
stashed 14414 times
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sequestrable (comparative more sequestrable, superlative most sequestrable)
- Capable of being sequestered; subject or liable to sequestration.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster's Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for sequestrable in Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)

subset: commoncrawl


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- Jessica Barth ( Tami-Lynn McCafferty )
- Patrick Warburton ( Guy )
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Photoshop 7 for Windows and Macintosh: Visual QuickStart Guide
In this chapter, you will learn about Photoshop's intermediate and advanced layers features. Be sure to read Chapter 7, Layers first, though, to learn about basic layer operations. (Adjustment layers are discussed on pages 166–169.)
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Carl Lee Aubrey 1939-2013
Today Carl, your friends and family, in the midst of laughter and tears will celebrate your home going while remembering the life and the legacy you left. I am sorry I will miss it.
You had a quiet but powerful presence of peace and God's love. I remember the words of encouragement you would write out on the visitor/prayer cards and hand to Greg and me in our early days at Southwood. They were nuggets of gold, a treasure I placed in my heart. I am sure you did not know how much those meant to us. We were on a new journey then and we didn't know what the coming days would hold.
I am camping this weekend and of course I have my sewing machine and fabric with me. It was on a camping weekend several years ago that the quilt I made for you was started. I didn't know at the time the quilt would be for you, or even what the final quilt would look like. But as often is the case, the fabric and the pieced quilt top does the speaking. The fabric dictates the design, once pieced; the top tells you how to quilt it. While the quilt isn't the typical memory or autograph quilt, that's what it evolved into. Once I knew the purpose of the quilt, my prayers become more purposeful for you and Crystal.
While packing for me trip, I came across some squares of fabric I decided to throw in the mix to bring. I know now that this fabric will be my next prayer quilt. I don't know the pattern yet, nor the recipient. In will be in your dedication. It seems fitting as you were a man of prayer. You taught us how to live and die with grace.
Rest assured that Crystal will be well taken care of and prayed for in your stead. In the meantime, I know we'll all see you again someday.The legacy of faith you left behind will not be forgotten.
Still on the Journey, Jackie


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LG Optimus G Pro officially announced with 5.5-inch full-HD display
After a number of buzzes, LG finally takes the step to announce the upgraded version of the Optimus G, named as the Optimus G Pro. The Optimus G Pro shares the same name of the smartphone recently announced for the Japanese market but specs-wise it is a complete new package with a larger 5.5-inch full-HD (1080p) display.
The all new Optimus G Pro curved glass construction on the front and rear is little identical to the Nexus 4 with glittery back with 'Digital Cube Pattern' effect. The company also claimed that the rear sights 2.5D effect and the smartphone feature thin bezel to be an easy to hold device even with a larger 5.5-inch display.
Though the detailed specifications are yet to be announced by the company but the press statement that the Optimus G Pro is powered by a quad-core processor, presumably Qualcomm's Snapdragon S4 Pro SoC. As per some buzzes, there will be a 2GB of RAM and for photography, LG has used a 13-megapixel camera on the rear along with an LED flash. A 2-megapixel camera is also rumoured to be available on the front for video calling. But we have to wait more for the detailed information by the official sources.
LG Optimus G Pro is scheduled to be released at the end of February, we assume that the smartphone will appeared at MWC 2013 as per the company's teasers. Besides, the Optimus G Pro, the Optimus L II Series smartphones will also make appearance at the company's booth in the MWC 2013. Stay tuned for more updates.


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Chief of Army's Reading List
This reading list is designed to help soldiers of all ranks think about the profession of arms of which they are members.
22 December 2016
Throughout history, successful soldiers have schooled their minds as well as their bodies, and have examined the challenges faced and experience gained by earlier generations through education and the widest possible reading. A soldier's most flexible and most effective weapon is her or his brain.
Many of the books listed here deal with the history of war (for war knows no nationality), and of Australians at war and of the Australian Army. History provides us with an understanding of where we have come from as individuals and institutions, and offers intellectual tools to help us analyse and understand the issues and problems of our own time within their context.
Media releases
14 March 2018Army's next armoured fighting vehicle announced 28 October 2017Army Delivers Final Component of Plan Beersheba 25 July 2017Chief of Army History Conference 19-20 Oct 24 July 2017CA interviewed about domestic violence in Army 12 July 2017Talisman Saber 17 exercises Allies' capabilities
Last updated
22 December 2016


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There will only be 7 games after tonight. I'm really, really hoping for a Wild win. Not only for the guys and their mental well-being, but for us and our desire to see some goalie love!! How long's it been? A LONG time!!
Backstrom in goal...I'm hoping Theo gets the next start against the Blues on Tuesday night. I wish I had the nerve to drive in St. Louis myself, because I easily could've gotten tickets to that game. But I'm too chicken to drive in St. Louis and I couldn't ask my brother to drive me again on a weeknight.
Wild lost 6-3. Brutal. At least they scored 3 goals!! That's something!
Wild play Tuesday in St. Louis. I have a feeling Theo will get the start.
José (Jo-say) Theodore (Thee-uh-dore) was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens in 1994 and played with them until March of 2006, winning the Hart and Vezina Trophies in 2002. He spent two and a half seasons with the Colorado Avalanche. José signed with the Washington Capitals in July 2008 where he played the next two seasons. He was awarded the Masterton Trophy in 2010. He played the 2010-11 season with the Minnesota Wild, and then played 2 seasons with the Florida Panthers.
Saturday, March 26, 2011
Gameday, Wild vs. Blues, L, 6-3 (Backstrom in Goal)
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Noah's Ark: parallel universes
by Alfonso Rivera
- Adán Aliaga and David Valero combine their peculiar universes in the only Spanish film competing in the Official Section of the 59th Valladolid International Film Festival
San Vicente de Raspeig is a town in the east of Spain with a population of around 50,000. Among its inhabitants are the families of directors Adán Aliaga and David Valero, the creators of the hypnotic and lyrical Noah's Ark [+see also:
film profile], the only Spanish film competing for the Golden Spike – fighting off big names such as Liv Ullmann, Volker Schlöndorff and the Dardenne brothers – at the 59th Seminci – Valladolid International Film Festival. San Vicente de Raspeig can therefore brag about being the hometown of two of the most original and daring filmmakers in the Spanish film landscape: it was there that they set most of the action of this joint effort, which follows in the wake of The Incredibles, a documentary by Valero, and Aliaga's My Grandmother's House, La mujer del Eternauta and Estigmas – which won the Pilar Miró Award for Best New Director at Valladolid in 2009.
This union of talent has given rise to a movie that is as enjoyable as it is fascinating, a story narrated with very little dialogue, but with powerful images and a fantasy-tale vibe – plus a low-budget feel – which charms the viewer thanks to its beauty, suggestions and the spontaneity of its actors. These three performers undoubtedly have superpowers, as was the case in The Incredibles: while one of them inflicts his "quantum touch" on his neighbours, another one speaks by means of something akin to telepathy, and the third is able to build androids that are unsettling and magical in equal measure. Because while Valero contributes his personal admiration for a group of magnificent people living their day-to-day lives, Aliaga emphasises the mystical aura that envelops their actions.
The plot itself unfolds in 2020, when the crisis – whose political milestones can be heard on the radio – hits two security guards who used to meet only when they silently came to take over from one another and exchanged the keys to the disused factory where they were employed. Up until that point, the metallic, industrial environment had been omnipresent, but when they lose their jobs, nature with all its enchanting colours appears on the scene... just like the upside-down shots that begin to suggest the parallel universes that the film pursues.
Once they are unemployed, Paco (Fran Gomis) and Miguel (Miguel Chillón) – who are, respectively, "the wolf" and "the bear" in this tale – join forces to escape from this harsh reality by building the titular device and recruiting companions for their journey, although only one person signs up: a super-skinny lesbian (Alicia Santonja) who goes by the name of "the ostrich". Humour is therefore very much present throughout the story, which is more than capable of taking science fiction, the drama of emigration and the desire for change and turning it all into a game, a joke, a proud and admittedly hilarious – but not at all outrageous – freak show starring the filmmakers' friends and people from their home town.
Noah's Ark, which after Valladolid will drop in at Abycine, was lensed by the directorial duo and was even edited by them together with Aurora Sulli, the screenwriter for L'altra frontera [+see also:
film review
interview: André Cruz Shiraiwa
film profile], a film that was presented a few days ago at the 47th Sitges Film Festival. Treeline Distribution is handling international sales.
(Translated from Spanish)


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Stop Play Record
Stop Play Record: Jumana Manna Workshop
Saturday 19 September, 2pm
Jumana Manna leads a workshop for young people in which she presents previous work and discusses her new film commission at Chisenhale Gallery. Followed by a discussion with participants.
We encourage participants to arrive earlier on the day to view Jumana Manna's new film and exhibition. The film is 70 minutes and screenings prior to the workshop begin at 12.05 and 1.15pm.
During regular opening hours screenings begin at 12.05pm, 1.15pm, 2.25pm, 3.35pm and 4.45pm.
This event is free to attend but booking is recommended. To reserve a place please visit our Eventbrite page here.
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[Total: 30 Average: 4.4/5]
hot wet wife pussy written by tdomf_7323a average rating 4.4/5 - 30 user ratings
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When you go down on a woman that's the pinkness you dream to encounter. This is Holy Grail snatch right here. My tongue , lips , and mouth would work the hell out of that clit and hood and when she asked I'd do some Olympic diving type shit with my tongue into that honey hole.
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I think I would like to lick it until your wife came all over my face…..
Lila: I'm not sure how to exactly reply to your statement regarding size, but I'm sure you know what you like!! 😉
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Tight like a tiger!!! Nice 4 sure.
Thanks to both of you for posting. Truly a work of art!
Nice tight gash


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God without Parts: The Doctrine of Divine SimplicityIn Reformed Baptist Fellowship on November 15, 2011 at 3:09 pm
Dr. Dolezal's book is available here: https://wipfandstock.com/store/God_without_Parts_Divine_Simplicity_and_the_Metaphysics_of_Gods_Absoluteness
Good idea to post this, brothers! Though heads will spin while watching this (at least mine did), it reminds us that God is a being all his own.
I listened to this radio program a couple of months ago, but have never watched any videos from the Reformed Forum. Good stuff. Dr. Dolezal is quite the scholar, especially) on the British Reformation. (Besides that, he gives his paedo-baptist friends a fit as a credo-baptist because his arguments are so solid.)
Thomas, I listened to a show the other day where Dolezal spoke about baptism briefly. I wish they would give him more time on that issue.
Here is James discussing baptism during the Reformation.
I understand more about the "without *body* parts". Mormons teach that. What I have more difficulty getting my head around is the no passions part. If God is Love and love is a passion, how can that be? Wrath is passion too? Certainly it is scriptural to say God exhibits his wrath. I am wondering how Dr James Dolezal would interact with Dr. Bob Gonzales post: Updating and Refining the 1689 Batptist Confession: Refining "God without Passions"?


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Red Rock Canyon California State Park
Geologyclick the photo to continue
The geologic story of Red Rock Canyon is told by its unique rock formations. Layers of red and white sediments, creating the accordion-like folds in the cliff faces, are capped with a harder, more resistant black basaltic rock or pink volcanic tuff. These sedimentary and igneous layers were deposited in an ancient inland lake and valley millions of years ago and have subsequently been lifted by the Garlock, El Paso, and Sierra Frontal Faults. Streams and rivers have carved the canyon that we see today with its colorful cliff faces. The red coloring between the layers is an iron oxide (rust) staining.


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I recently had the pleasure of meeting a fellow media member who works out in L.A. He was in town to catch up with his friend that happened to work where I do. His name is Sean Jablonski, formerly from Michigan. I heard about this big fish he caught, so I asked my co-worker about it and thought I would share the big fish story with you. By the way it is a Sail Fish, I thought it looked cool so here is how it went down in Sean's words. "Far as the fish goes, I caught it about 2 hours outside of Puerta Vallerta on a charter boat. We were angling for Marlin and hooked that on a live bait lure (don't ask me what fish we used, I never asked myself). The captain estimated it about about 6 1/2 to 7 feet and weighing about 70 pounds. It took me twenty minutes to bring in by myself. Two deck hands helped bring it onto the boat." Now that is the way to spend a vacation.
Ant-Man (2015)
3 years ago


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The Perfect Gene Diet: Use Your Body's Own Apo E Gene to Treat High Cholesterol, Weight Problems, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's...and More!
Pamela McDonald
Publisher: Hay HouseFormat: Paperback
This comprehensive work by nurse practitioner Pamela McDonald reveals the latest breakthrough in health and nutrition focusing on the APO E gene, which affects cholesterol levels, heart and Alzheimer's disease, and much more.It is widely known that each genotype requires its own balance of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for optimal health. Within these pages, Pamela presents the latest information so that you can make appropriate diet and exercise choices relevant to your particular APO E genotype. The result will be an ideal level of health and well-being, which will reduce your likelihood of developing so many of the debilitating diseases that are prevalent in our society today.As Pamela says, "You have a choice for your health . . . backpack or bedpan?"
GST Note: GST is included in the price of this item. GST is included in the freight.
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Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953)
I can honestly say that watching "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" was some of the most unfiltered fun I've had, watching a movie in a long time. As far as leading ladies go from the time period that Marilyn Monroe is from, I'm more prone to watch movies with Audrey Hepburn as the lead. I confess, I had only seen one film before this that had Miss Monroe as the lead—"Some Like it Hot". I loved her in that film and was thinking that the charm that she had in the gender bending comedy might have been a one-hit wonder...I'm not sure why.
Lorelei Lee (Monroe) is a gold digger, there's no other way to put it. She likes money, jewelry and men with both. She thinks that love can only be built upon the foundations of wealth and she plans her marriage accordingly. Swearing that she'll only marry a man if he has money, she sets out to convince her best friend, Dorothy Shaw (a remarkable Jane Russell) of the same thing. Now, Lorelei has already found 'love', she's engaged to a man named Gus Esmond who is head-over-heels with her but maybe the feeling isn't reciprocated.
Dorothy can be swayed by whatever handsome man walks into the room. If Lorelei is in it for the money, Dorothy is in it for the looks. But Dorothy thinks that money shouldn't be a part of love and here the viewer is supposed to agree with her, which I did.
Esmond's father doesn't like the idea of him marrying Lorelei so he constantly nags his son. Lorelei decides to go to Europe so that Gus's father can't bother them there and if Gus doesn't come she'll make him so jealous that he'll have to come and get her and then they can elope. At least, that's the plan.
But the father has hired a private detective to tail Lorelei to see if she's as 'loose' as her reputation says she is.
Monroe plays a very ignorant and money loving showgirl who can't help but be seduced by big glowing gemstones. At one point she imagines a large diamond hovering over a man's head and it makes her weak at the knees. But as funny as she is in this movie, which is very funny at times, Jane Russell outshines her in every scene. Even in the musical numbers, Russell has a more powerful voice, far outdoing Monroe's famous husky sustain.
But Monroe is hilarious in "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" and her character has the best lines in the movie, such as "I can be smart when it's important" and "I want you to find happiness and stop having fun." This is also the film that sees her singing the iconic song "Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend".
It's one of the best musicals I've seen and definitely one of the best comedies from this era of film. I like that the director, Howard Hawks, chooses to have his two lead girls be such powerful figures in the film. They are strong and they don't sugarcoat their opinions. One number has Dorothy singing in a gym full of men exercising, about how she'd like to be in a relationship. The men dance in the typical female fashion in the number, clearly reversing the stereotypical roles.
Fun, fast, sultry, and loud—"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" is a great amount of fun.
Score: 4 out of 4 stars
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Survivor Phillipines -- An In-Zane Strategy
First off, I can only hope people watching Survivor on my local CBS affiliate called the knuckleheads up and gave them what-for for what they did during the airing of the show. What did they do? Right in the middle of the immunity challenge they cut away to show commercials. They didn't return to the show until the immunity challenge was pretty much over. Then when the real commercial break happened, they replayed the stupid commercials they had played when they had cut away from the immunity challenge.
Anyway, the new edition of Survivor debuted featuring three returning players who had to leave the show for medical reasons and two celebrities hoping to keep their real identities from the other castaways. There is no Redemption Island this session, so when you're gone you are gone. The teams were also already split up into three tribes. There is thankfully no old vs. young or men vs. women. The tribes seem pretty evenly divided. This actually looks like it's going to an interesting edition.
The teams were divided into red, blue and yellow and the show gave them a name, opposed to the castaways thinking up their own name for their tribe.
The blue team is names Masting and the following castaways are on it:
The red team is named Kalabaw and the members of that team are:
And the yellow team is named Tandang and the members of their team are:
The two former celebrities that hope no one will recognize them are Lisa who played Blair on the Facts of Life and I can't honestly believe she wanted to come on this show. And Jeff who is a former major league baseball player.
The three former Survivor contestants are: Russell who passed out and had to be removed from the game. Jonathan who got a bad infection. And Michael who burned himself.
Jeff tells all the players on the ship they have 60 seconds to grab what they can of supplies then untie their raft and abandon the ship so their adventure can begin. Lisa's hope to go unrecognized turns out to be a vain hope as Michael recognizes her right off, but doesn't tell anyone else he knows who she is. Somehow as Jeff is cutting the Red Team's raft free he falls with it and hurts his knee, but he tries to hide how bad he injured himself for fear it'll put a giant target on his back.
I have to say Russell of the Blue Team is one crazy and delusional dude. He proclaimed to viewers and fellow castaways alike he didn't want to be leader, but no sooner was those words out of his mouth and he was barking orders to everyone and setting himself up as leader of his tribe. In the process he manages to turn off all his fellow teammates.
Malcolm is able to start a fire. Because Russell was able to help, he seemed to be taking credit for it. Malcolm says that since Russell wants to be leader so badly let him.
The Red Team make it to the beach and Jonathan says this is so much fun and moving for him to be able to play the game, again. His fellow castaways don't, unfortunately for him, feel the same about him being there. They have a little powwow and declare they don't want a veteran to win. He had his chance and now it's their turn. They'll learn all they can from him and then they'll give him the boot.
At the Yellow Team's camp Michael is happy about the team he's on. He plans to take his cues on how to play from his fellow castaways. RC decides to make an insta-alliance with fellow castaway Abi-Maria. She also brings Michael and Pete into the alliance. So of the three returning castaways, Michael seems to be in the best position in the game.
Over at the Red Team's camp, Dana says both she and Jeff are from the south and hopes they can bond over that, while Dawson realizes who Jeff is, but decides to sit on that information until she can use it to her advantage.
Back at the Yellow Team's camp, Lisa is trying to make friends with RC and Abi. Lisa reveals to the viewers that she lost all the money she made from the Facts Of Life. She wants to find out who she is and what she's capable of doing.
RC doesn't trust Lisa and badmouths her to the rest of the castaways. Michael thinks it could win Lisa some points if she played the celebrity card. He confronts her about who she is, but she feels revealing her former child stardom will hurt her more than help her. Michael doesn't want Lisa to go home, but says he'll have to go with the flow.
Over at the Blue Team's camp Zane goes from one castaway to another making alliances with them and in short order they all find out about it. Due in large part because he basically tells them what he's done. Zane thinks it'll be up to him who gets sent home if they go to tribal council. In a way, Zane turns out to be right, but not in the way he meant it. Malcolm tells Denise what Zane did and they make an alliance. Malcolm says he doesn't want to be in Russell's shadow.
Back at Team Yellow no shelter or fire has been built. RC is also becoming about Michael's injuries. He cut his finger, head and foot; and then it's wash, rinse and repeat. The man should really not be let near sharp objects.
Over at Team Red Katie doesn't like the shady things going on with Jonathan. She doesn't like him looking for the immunity idol and doesn't feel like he's one of the family. Considering they already had a meeting where they were planning to get rid of Jonathan, I think anything he does will be used against him. As for Jonathan, he finds a clue to where the immunity idol is hidden.
Meanwhile, at the Blue Team campsite, while making rice Russell finds a clue to where the immunity idol is hidden. Zane is watching Russell from the water and says he doesn't trust him. It doesn't help when Russell lies that he's looking for the immunity idol. Zane says he wants Russell gone.
Finally, it's time for the immunity challenge. Two teams will get immunity and rewards, while the losing team will get tribal council. In this challenge the tribes will break into groups of two. One group will climb up a cargo net to release paddles for their canoe. The next two will take the canoe out to the water to retrieve a chest full of puzzle pieces. And the final two will put the puzzle together.
Russell still playing leader decides who gets divided in what groups and because of his it bites his team in the backside. Zane can't keep up with Russell and is being dragged by Russell to keep up with him. Angie, who told Russell she's not good with puzzles, is put on putting the puzzle together and the team loses. The Red Team wins a fire making kit and the Yellow Team gets flint.
Russell is giving some speech to his tribe when Zane cuts him off to enact his In-Zane Strategy: Part Two. Zane basically throws himself under the bus, saying he should be sent home because he couldn't keep up with Russell. To the viewers he reveals he's playing a game of chess and wants to see how his fellow players will react to his move.
Angie is annoyed that Russell acts like he isn't their leader when he acts like he is and he won't listen to what they say. She wants him to go home instead of Zane and tries to give Zane a pep talk to get him to stay. Malcolm also tries to get Zane to stay, but at the same time feels if he's weak then he needs to go so he doesn't prove a detriment to them.
Per usual, Jeff tries to stir up some tribal trouble at tribal council. He asks the tribe how they feel having a vet on their team. Zane gives some strange analogy that Russell is like an onion. Basically, you should suck all the knowledge he possesses out of him before he makes you cry. Russell owns to falling into old traps and acting like a dictator. Angie says Russell told her if they lose the challenge it'll be her fault.
Then it's time to vote. Zane gets what he claimed he wanted and is voted out. This was one strategy you shouldn't try, because like Zane, it'll get you a quick ticket home.
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Felice Gaer
Felice Gaer
Director of AJC's Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights:
A Human Rights Champion for the 21st Century
and How She is Changing the World
Felice D. Gaer is director of AJC's
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. The Institute conducts research and advocacy to strengthen international human rights protections and institutions worldwide.
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Anyone who meets the OFCOM minimum requirement as a 'fit and proper person' and hoping to set up and fund a Community Radio Station in Peterborough need to get their skates on. Applications for funding CLOSE on Wednesday 16th November 2016.
Community Radio Fund – Round 2, 2016-17The second round for funding applications to the Community Radio Fund in 2016-17 is open for applications from 19 October until 5pm on Wednesday 16 November 2016.
The awarding Panel is due to meet on 17 January 2017 to consider the applications.
Grants can only be made to community radio licence holders, and for this round an applicant community radio station must be broadcasting the licensed service by the time the Panel meets in January 2017.
The latest application form and guidance notes are available on Ofcom's website, together with statements detailing the outcome of previous Panel meetings.
For further information, please contact Ofcom's Community Radio Team via email: firstname.lastname@example.com or by telephone 020 7981 3886
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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21636894.post4491582887008883534..comments2017-10-19T04:43:39.814-07:00Comments on A CRICKETING VIEW: The game that never wasKartikeya Datehttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-21636894.post-75334016620653691342010-04-27T01:10:38.341-07:002010-04-27T01:10:38.341-07:00I disagree that the T20 format is by enlarge a hit...I disagree that the T20 format is by enlarge a hit / miss game, if I understand the premise of the article. Condensing the 5-day format to 1-day and further to half-a-day, doesn't essentially mean the same strategies / mind games apply. It did take more than a decade for teams to devise separate strategies for the 1-day format when Australia / Newzealand and England started playing a lot of it in their domestic circuit. A lot changed when South Africa and Srilanka entered the arena, so, that was almost 20 years after the first 1-day game was played. I'd think T20 is probably going to take a few more years to be able to stand on its own.

I am not saying that the current format is the final answer, but, I do believe this "innovation" is trying to solve a problem. That is to increase viewership. To take cricket to other countries, and, if it requires that it should be packaged in a way they can appreciate, so be it.

If the true essence of cricket is only clever hour long mindgames to get a batsman out, the 1-day format shouldn't have evolved firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-21636894.post-83578869745164138312010-04-26T17:32:45.697-07:002010-04-26T17:32:45.697-07:00A couple of points. Obviously the fundamental n...A couple of points.

Obviously the fundamental nature of T20 cricket is different from first-class cricket, but it is surely going too far to describe it as not even sport. (You don't say this explicitly, but you almost do.)

Also, the use of a spinner in the first over is now quite common - it happened over 20 times this tournament.

Will they have won because of the tactical move, or because Suresh Raina got away with as much slogging (and missing) as he did?
How is this different from any other contest? Is a close Test match won because of astute field placement, or an innings in which a batsman was dropped several times, or because of a bad decision by the umpire? Obviously the answer is that every event contributes to the result.

Undoubtedly luck plays a much larger role the shorter the format (to the point where I think it's silly to have a single final, as opposed to a longer US-style playoff series), but it is always there, in any sport. If everything was a repeatable skill, then the better team would win every game, and that doesn't happen.David Barryhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-21636894.post-54608751149373121702010-04-26T09:21:29.687-07:002010-04-26T09:21:29.687-07:00Dagalti, I'm glad you enjoyed it.. do keep vis...Dagalti,
I'm glad you enjoyed it.. do keep visiting.

Cheers!Kartikeyahttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-21636894.post-12502715957619132822010-04-26T05:19:02.479-07:002010-04-26T05:19:02.479-07:00Good post. You have put across with clarity and e...Good post.

You have put across with clarity and eloquence many of the things that trouble and annoy me about the format that I wouldn't have been able to zero in on as well, let alone express.

Thanks for the ammunition :-)dagaltihttp://firstname.lastname@example.com


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Dynamic Forests & Load Balancing for Data Gathering in
Wireless Sensor Networks Aravind Ranganathan
University of Cincinnati WSN Characteristics Number of sensor nodes deployed over a given area.
Sensor nodes
Measure physical parameters:
Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Motion, etc.
Wireless communication capabilities Energy constrained Commercially available motes One or more high power sink nodes
Accessed remotely
Perform data storage & processing
Gather information from rest of network
Multi-hop communication for conserving power
Nodes forward data for other nodes Applications Applications
Wireless Sensor
Networks volcano monitoring seismic monitoring Geologic Sensor Web Ecosystem Monitoring Sensor Web habitat monitoring Military applications Public systems firetowers sensor web weather forecasting buoy sensor web disaster response traffic control home automation healthcare industry battlefield surveillance Data Gathering in WSNs of Network lifetime: * * "Online": Sequence of source nodes not known a priori (as in most WSN applications)
- Maximizing network lifetime for online data gathering is known to be NP-Hard! Loss of coverage
Loss of communication paths to sinks
Thus, node failure results in network failure. - gathering sensed data from sensor nodes at the sinks
- fundamental operation of a WSN (deliberately vague) Load Balancing in WSN Forwarding a data packet contributes a unit load on the node. Problem Statement Shortest-path DAG Modeling Vertices of DAG: Sensor nodes and Sinks
Nodes arranged in depths/levels using "shortest-hop count" from sinks
Assigns for each node:
- a set of parent nodes
- depth from sink(s) Sample WSN and corresponding shortest-path DAG Parent selection based Data Gathering Parent selection: Each node forwards data to one of its parents
Data reaches sink in minimum hops
Parent selection generates data gathering forests in DAG Disadvantages of Static Parent Selection 2. No Load Balancing on Edges 1. Poor Nodal Load Balancing node forwards its congestion to a parent same parent edge chosen all the time 3. Optimizing Load Balancing (Lifetime)
is NP-Complete Balanced Forests problem is NP-Complete
(reduction from 3-Exact Cover) Thus, we consider dynamic parent selection approaches.
But given a WSN how do we form the DAG? Optimal Network Lifetime Number of data packets successfully received by sinks until first node failure in the network. Network Lifetime: Optimizing "Nodal" Network Lifetime Define the lifetime of a node:
- Expected # packets forwarded by node before it dies
Each node has a different expected lifetime
Generate data gatherings forests that:
- Maximize the minimum expected lifetime over all the nodes
MU-balancing: Optimal Load Balancing Distribute load evenly among the sensor nodes during data gathering. Topological Imbalance in a WSN: Sample WSN Fundamental Question 1. There exists M-balanced load vector for the given network
2. There exists an unique vector that achieves ultimate balance at the sink
i.e., there exists unique load vector that minimizes 2-norm of loads on the sink
3. Load vector that minimizes 2-norm also minimizes the k-norm (for k=3, 4, ...)
4. There exists a MU-balanced load vector Min-Max + Ultimate Load Balancing: Part of the self-organization of WSN
Our algorithm:
- Initiated by sink
- Flooding-based asynchronous breadth-first search Dynamic Parent Selection Algorithms * Based on Frederickson's asynchronous centralized BFS trees construction algorithms. State-based approach:
1. Max-Min Path Energy Algorithm
2. Weighted Path Energy Algorithm
Probabilistic approach:
3. Probabilistic Balanced Forests Algorithm
4. Adaptive-Probabilistic Balanced Forests Algorithm
Introduction to
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
Online data gathering problem in WSNs:
Load balancing based approaches to maximize network lifetime. (focus on load balancing on nodes) 3 Benchmark Algorithms 3. Optimal "Offline" Algorithm:
Assumes that the source sequence is known before hand
Computes optimal data gathering forests using flow theory
- Uses Algorithm to compute Optimal Markov Probabilities with source
loads obtained from the node frequencies in the source sequence . Lower bounds for Performance 1. Random Parent:
Choose a parent randomly
Equivalent to equal probabilities on parent edges
2. "Greedy" Parent Energy:
Choose parent with maximum residual energy
Special case of Weighted Path Energy algorithm with = 0. (naive probabilistic approach) Performance Measures 3 Existing Algorithms 1. Network Lifetime Measure: Number of data packets successfully received by sink until first node failure Compute the final load on each node and each network link
- Number of packets forwarded until network lifetime is reached
Use Jain's fairness Measure (measured depth-wise) 2. a) Nodal Load-balancing Measure: : individual share on nodes : perfect balancing Use Jain's fairness Measure on:
Nodes loads at each depth 2. b) Link Load-balancing Measure: Algorithm 1: (static parent selection) Minimum-cost Forwarding
Assigns a static cost metric to each path from the node to sink
Forward data along the least cost path
Bottleneck Networks:
Networks with few points of heavy congestion
Few nodes determine the network lifetime (irrespective of the algorithm)
Complete-bottleneck: A single point of very high congestion. Load balancing on Nodes / Links Harder to compare: dependent on network lifetime
Another parameter -- "depth" (networks have varying depths)
Better load balancing at depths 1, 2, ... is favorable Our Theorems / Results Data Gathering & Load balancing in WSNs Shortest-path DAG Modeling &
Parent Selection based Routing Performance Evaluation Applications of our Work Amount of time for which the network functions properly. Effects of Node Failure: Load on a node: Parent selection based data gathering in a DAG (source) (source) (source) (source) (source) (source) (source) (source) (source) ____________
What parent selection results in maximum network lifetime? Static parent selection:
- Choose one parent & always forward to same parent
Dynamic parent selection:
- Forward to different parents at different times Parent selection (done locally) must maximize network lifetime (globally).
Two possible approaches for Parent selection: Find dynamic parent selection approaches that perform efficient load balancing and maximize network lifetime Problem Statement (modified) Ensure bi-directional communication between nodes
Regulate DAG construction level by level DAG Initialization Algorithm Given a WSN (after running the DAG initialization algorithm): ______ * Sample WSN Optimizing Network Lifetime: Delay first node failure by as much as possible When node forwards data:
Chooses parent with probability
If parent was chose, it then decrements by 1 (similar for )
When sum of and reaches zero, they are rest to original values
Problem Introduction Our Model and Algorithms Dynamic Forests & Load Balancing for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks Performance Evaluation Conclusions Research Summary 2. Load balancing Measure: Measure of fairness: Use Jain's fairness Measure on:
Load on edges (links) at each depth
(i.e. depth to ) (naive state-based approach) Upper bound for Performance (lower bounds & upper bound for performance) Similar model, assumptions and optimization criteria
Consider only Multi-hop routing:
- Not Hierarchical/cluster-based algorithms
- Cluster heads assumed to directly transmit to sink
Nodes must be homogeneous, not mobile, have a fixed transmission radius, no GPS
Must not have centralized computation
- Eg: Many tree-based data gathering algorithms use centralized tree construction
Must focus on optimizing network lifetime
- Multi-path routing algorithms focus on reliability, choose longer paths
Focus on data gathering at sinks, not one-to-one communication Which algorithms to compare against? Algorithm 2: (dynamic parent selection) Dynamic Load Balanced Trees (DLBT)
Similar to our probabilistic approch on the shorest-path DAG
Maximizing network lifetime by load balancing
Recomputations from descendants to compute forwarding probabilities
2-versions: DLBT-1 and DLBT-16
Simulation Restriction:
Avoid complete-bottleneck networks Large Sized Single-sink Networks Randomly constructed large single sink networks usually have a large maximum depth
Less realitic modeling of a real-world WSN Random network generation often yields bottleneck networks Random single-sink networks, size = 25, 30, 35, 40 nodes
- Existing algorithms defined for single-sink model
- Avoid complete bottleneck networks
Initial energy on the nodes: 5000 units
- Steady state performance
Consider 10 different source sequences for each network 10 Algorithms Compared Simulation Setup Probabilistic: Prob. Balanced Forests, adaptive-PBF
State-based: Max-min Path Energy, Weighted Path Energy
Benchmark: Random Parent, "Greedy" Parent Energy, Optimal Offline
Existing: Min-Cost Forwarding, DLBT-1, DLBT-16
We compare relative performance (wrt Optimal Offline algorithm)
Depth-wise load balancing until depth = 4 _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ Network Lifetimes Observed network lifetimes were normalized by that of Optimal Offline Algorithm
Static routing (Min Cost Forwarding) performs poorest
- Lower bound benchmarks (dynamic algorithms) perform much better
Our algorithms achieve network lifetimes close to theoretical optimal network lifetimes
Relative lifetime gain from 10% - 50% over lower bound benchmark algorithms (dynamic)
(we consider networks with lesser bottlenecks)
Our probabilistic approach gives a overall better load balancing at depth 1
- Expected to achieve U-balancing at sink nodes (or depth 1)
As expected, Weighted Path Energy algorithm uses the relative loss in network lifetime for better load balancing at depths 2, 3, ...
Comparing relative load-balancing of our algorithms: Load balancing wrt benchmarks & existing algorithms: Our algorithms achieve better load balancing at depth 1 RWB Balance Diagrams Measures topological imbalance at a given depth
Identifies hot-spots (Red), cold-spots (Blue), balanced-spots (White)
Intensity of color indicates extent of imbalance Based on our results on U-balancing
Identify "ultimate-balanced" load for given depth
Compare with the load in case of perfect balancing
The difference gives the imbalance measure:
hot-spot: more than ideal load (>> 0)
cold-spot: less than ideal load (<< 0)
balanced-spot: exactly ideal load (= 0)
Used to improve the performance and the security in the network
Adding more nodes near hot-spots
Securing hot-spots against vulnerabilities RWB Balance Diagram
for a sample WSN @ depth 1 Applications: Computing the imbalance measure: (colder-spot) (cold-spot) (hot-spot) (hotter-spot) Applications to Other Networks State-based Approach Parent Selection depends on the current state of the network
Residual energy of nodes = Parameter for network state
- Inversely proportional to load on the nodes Computing PSF Values Assign a weight on each data gathering path
PSF of a node given by its "best-weight path" Weighting on a Data Gathering Path Updating PSF Values 1. Global PSF Update: Residual energy of node is constantly changing
PSF value of a node defined in terms of its parents
Node computes its PSF value from its parents
- Its child nodes must re-compute their PSF values
- Potentially affect all descendants (huge overhead) - Top-down recomputation initiated by
sink after receiving each data
- High overhead (expected) 2. Delayed PSF Update: - "Bottom up" updating of PSF values:
1. Nodes piggyback their PSF value and forward data
2. Child nodes "overhear" parents' PSF and update
- Leaves inaccurate PSF values at nodes - Bottom-up PSF update (Delayed Scheme)
- Periodic Top-down recomputation
initiated by sinks 3. Refreshed PSF Update: WPE Routing: Computing Optimal Generated random networks:
- Nodes deployed randomly over a unit square area
Network Size: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 nodes (10 in each)
Initial energy on the nodes: = 1000 units
Consider 10 different source sequence
- Sequence in which source data is generated
Varied : 0, 0.1, 0.2, ... , 1
Use = 0.15 for WPE routing Comparing PSF Update Schemes Global PSF Update, Delayed PSF Update, & Refreshed PSF Update
Compare network lifetime and overhead Network Size: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 nodes (10 in each)
- = 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 units
Consider 10 different source sequences
Global PSF Update expected to perform best but also have the most overhead.
Comparing decrease in lifetime and decrease in overhead for Delayed and Refreshed PSF Update schemes:
Results for MPE routing Less than 1% decrease in lifetime
Over 85% decrease in overhead Use Refreshed PSF Update scheme For both Delayed/ Refreshed Update: State-based Approach "PSF" value of a node:
Measure of "How good is the node for forwarding data?"
Dependent on the residual energies of the nodes in the network. prob. prob. Routing Table at a Node Parent selection strategy: parent parent parent PSF PSF PSF Choose the parent with the best "PSF" value. 1. How to compute PSF values?
2. How to update PSF values? (residual energies are constantly changing) (PSF values must indicate goodness of the node) 4 paths from source node 10 7 8 Each path has a weight Each node keeps track of the best path in its PSF value 2 Nodes keeps track of best path How to define weights on the paths? 1. Max-min Path Energy Algorithm
2. Weighted Path Energy Algorithm Max-min Path Energy (MPE) Routing Uses the max-min fairness measure commonly used in networks for equal sharing of resources. Max-min Path Energy: - Each node has multiple paths to sinks
- Identify "weakest" node in the path
- Choose path with "strongest weakest node".
(uses node with most residual energy) PSF value of node , is given by: : energy on sinks : residual energy on the node (least residual energy) PSF Computation: 2 3 5 2 4 3 5 4 8 2 5 3 4 5 PSF computation in a sample WSN with residual energies Max-min Path Energy algorithm:
"weakest node" typically at depth 1
Expected to load balance nodes at depth 1 better
Weighted Path Energy algorithm:
Expected to perform better load balancing at depths 2, 3, ... Weighted Path Energy (WPE) Algorithm Previous algorithm considers only the "weakest node" in the path
Path Weighting in WPE includes residual energy of all nodes in the path
Capture "overall path strength"
WPE Distributed Definition: : path strength parameter (Use = 0.15 for WPE routing) (residual energy of all nodes) Comparing the two algorithms: Less than 1% decrease in lifetime
Over 85% decrease in overhead Use Refreshed PSF Update scheme For both Delayed/ Refreshed Update: "Greedy" Parent Energy Selection Greedy Parent Energy Selection:
Forward to parent with maximum residual energy
Does not give optimal network lifetime
Does not consider nodes further up the path 2 8 6 5 2 State-based Algorithms Design Sample residual energies on the nodes
in a WSN Probabilistic Approach Define Markov probability distribution P on the DAG
- Probability distribution on the parent edges of each node Parent selection strategy: Choose parent randomly based on P Compute P that achieves optimal expected load balancing (0/1-P yields static parent selection) Equal (Uniform) Probabilities may not give
Optimal Load Balancing Equal probabilities yields:
E[L(a)] = 2, E[L(b)] = 6
Optimal load balancing gives:
E[L(a)] = E[L(b)] = 4
Example: Probabilistic Approach parent prob. prob. parent parent prob. Routing Table at a Node Load - Flow Equivalence Computing the optimal flow in DAG Theorem:
f P = _____ uv f uv u
E[L(v)] = 30 units
E[L(w)] = 20 units 1. Compute "optimal flow"
2. Define P from the computed flow (using above result)
Then, the expected load in the DAG from P will also be "optimal". We use flow theory to compute a "MU-balanced" flow 1. Let each node have a source flow of "f" units.
2. For unit source flow from a node:
find an augmenting path to the sink with the least flow such that:
- the path does not increase the maximum flow on nodes, depth-wise.
3. Repeat step 2 until all souce flow reaches sinks
4. Compute P from the flow
The expected load corresponding to this P is expected to be "MU-balanced"
Algorithm for computing the Optimal P: (ultimate balance at sink) (max-min balance) Initial source flow "f": Given a WSN, using the initial energy on the nodes as the capacities, we compute the maximum possible value as "f" for which the max-flow in the network equals the entire source flow.
Probabilistic Balanced Forests (PBF) Routing Adaptive Probabilities Version Extended initialization phase:
1. Shortest-path DAG construction
- Assigns parent nodes for each nodes, probabilities unassigned
2. Sink gathers parent information from each node
- Sink can recreate the DAG structure
3. Sink computes the optimal probability distribution P
- Using the "Algorithm for computing Optimal Markov probability P"
4. Sink sends the parent probabilities for each node
Probabilistic Algorithms: 1. Probabilistic Balanced Forests (PBF) Routing
2. Adaptive-Probabilistic Balanced Forests (a-PBF) Routing Advantages:
No routing overhead after the initialization process.
The assigned probabilities are expected to yield optimal load balancing when the network lifetime is reached.
Expected vs. Actual Outcomes:
With probabilstic approach:
observed outcomes may sometimes be significantly off from expected outcomes
Example: 55 Heads / 45 Tails in 100 tosses of a unbiased coin.
b u Probabilistic parent selection:
1/2 a Node u maintains the parent probabilites in its table
Expected: Node a & Node b receive 50% packets each
Observed: Node a = 55%, Node b = 45% 1/2 Adaptive-PBF Algorithm: Same as PBF Algorithm except:
- Nodes maintain "parent flow values" instead of parent probabilities in their table
- These "parent flow values" are the flow values computed in the algorithm. b u = 50 = 50 a b a f f 50 / 100 50 / 100 a P b P = 1/2 = 1/2 u a b f f a a a f b a f + f f / ( ) a b Selecting parent uniformly randomly does not balance load optimally How to compute P such that the resulting expected load is optimally balanced?
Use flow theory to define P. Consider a network flow f in the DAG. Consider a Markov probability P, defined by: Then, the expected load on the nodes is equivalent to the node flows in f. Computing Optimal Markov probability P from the flow: 1. What is "optimal flow"?
2. How do you compute "optimal flow"? w 30 v Net Flow-in = 50 units w u Given a source flow at the nodes Example: 20 v uw 3/5 = 3/5 P uv u P 2/5 = 2/5
We say that the load on the nodes is optimally balanced only if it is both:
a) Min-Max balanced (M-balanced):
Lexicographically minimizes the maximum load on the nodes depthwise.
b) Ultimate balanced at sinks (U-balanced):
Minimizes the 2-norm of the load on the sink nodes.
* Based on results of Harvey et. al. on optimal semi-matching in bi-partite graphs.
We show that there exists a unique load vector that achieves "ultimate balancing" An optimal load balancing yields an optimal network lifetime. The converse is not true. M-balancing: Min-max balancing (M) + Ultimate (U) balancing at sinks: m1 m2 m3 m4 Max-Load @ depth s1 s2 * Example: U-balancing: lexicographically minimize(m1, m2, m3, m4) ||S|| = [ (s1) + (s2) ] minimize 2-norm of S=(s1, s2) 2 2 1/2 2 Results and algorithms applicable to other networks
Wireless Mesh Networks (sink) Architecture of a WMN
3 types of nodes:
Mesh Gateways
Mesh Routers
Mesh Clients
Mesh routers are not energy constrained.
Load-balancing and fairness are equally important issues
Our Algorithms Formalize the shortest-path DAG modeling
- Shortest-path DAG initialization algorithm
Dynamic Parent-selection approaches:
- State-based approach
-- MPE Algorithm, WPE Algorithm
-- PSF Update Schemes
- Probabilistic approach
-- PBF Algorithm (adaptive version)
- Optimal Offline Routing Algorithm
Performance evaluation:
- Consider Benchmark algorithms, Existing algorithms
- Measures: Network lifetime, Load balancing (nodes, links)
- Establish better performance of our algorithms
RWB Balance Diagrams 1. Balanced Forest problem is NP-Complete (reduction from 3-Exact cover)
2. Static parent selection is inefficient (NP-Hard to optimize)
3. Global Network Lifetime vs. Nodal Network Lifetime
Network Lifetime: Optimizing load balancing optimizes network lifetime. Converse is not true. Lifetime vs. Load balancing: Probabilistic Approach: 1. Expected load on a node is given by that of its child nodes weighted by the
corresponding edge probabilities.
2. Equivalence between flow and load (when P is computed from flow) Future Research Directions Establishing approximation bounds for probabilistic approach
- Similar to optimal offline routing
Extending to similar problems in other network
- Wireless mesh networks
Probabilistic: Focus on load balancing the links
- MUL-balancing:
-- Min-Max balancing + Ultimate @ sinks + Link-balancing
- WPE routing:
-- Define a different path strength parameter
Testbed implementation
Genetic-Algorithm based approach to compute optimal Markov probabilities (instead of flow theory) Energy consumption in the network:
Sensor nodes use energy for: sensing and forwarding data
When a sensor node runs out of energy: "failed" or "died"
Efficient data gathering maximizes the lifetime of the network. Load Balancing on Links source node Provides greater reliability, security and trust
Data forwarded along multiple paths malicious node Advantages of Load balancing Malicious node does not receive all data
Better fault/intrusion detection
Greater reliability using Erasure codes:
- Convert data (k symbols to n symbols) and forward
- Cannot reconstruct original data with <k packets!
* Example: Load balancing on links Increases Network Lifetime:
Nodes have even energy consumption
Nodes run out of energy uniformly
Increases Network Throughput:
Decreases congestion at one node
Decreases network delay * We show that optimal load balancing optimizes the network lifetime as well. Load Balancing on Nodes Load balancing in a WSN: Nodes closer to sinks forward a lot more data
- Expected to generate more load
Perfect load balancing is usually not achievable
Example: Heavy load at a node (source) (source) (source) _____________ Why not forward to the parent with the most residual energy? Choosing parent u causes weaker energy distribution in the network. u u v w v w u v u w u v w 5 6 Simulation results: Note: Markov probability distribution P yields an expected load on the nodes Net flow = 100 units ____________ Choose with probability 50/100
Choose again with 49/99
Choose with 50/98 a a b Simulation Restriction:
Use Networks of Smaller Size Load balancing on Nodes Load balancing on Links Parent selection determines the energy consumption, network lifetime & load balancing Result: Conclusions Our data gathering approach:
Shortest-path DAG modeling
Dynamic parent selection based data gathering
- State-based and Probabilistic approaches
Related results and algorithms
Achieve greater network lifetime
Achieve better load balancing in the network
- Greater lifetime, reliability, security & trust
Applicable to other networks (proved/verified correctness) Thank you!
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Dynamic Forests and Load Balancing for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks
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Aravind Ranganathanon 11 June 2010
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text: I received my PhD in political science from Michigan State University in 2013. My majors were American Politics and Public Policy. I also had a minor in Political Methodology. I am interested in public policy, Congress, the Supreme Court, and electoral politics. My dissertation dealt with state-to-state variation in primary and secondary education policy. At SPSU, I taught a full range of courses in US political institutions, political behavior, public policy, and research methods. At KSU, I will have the opportunity to focus on research design and Congress. In other iterations of my life, I was a machine operator and rotational mold coordinator making toys, an insurance agent, a newspaper circulation supervisor, and a political activist. I have master's degrees from both Michigan State University and Kent State University. I am married with one daughter.


text:
Cape Town - Veteran local actor, Joe Mafela, died on Saturday night.
His nephew, Anthony Mafela, tweeted the news on Sunday morning.
Since then tributes have poured in on social media from fans, who loved the popular performer.
Here are posts from government ministers, celebrities and fans remembering Joe Mafela:
Sad to see you Going Up so soon. Thank you for making it all better with laughter. One of the greatest to have ever done it. #RIPJoeMafela?? pic.twitter.com/zoljKdH21F— Maps Maponyane (@MapsMaponyane) March 19, 2017
Rest In perfect Peace, Ntate Mafela. Forever a Legend. ???????????????????????? #RIPJoeMafela— Boity Thulo (@Boity) March 19, 2017
A piece of our childhood has been taken #ripjoemafela— Siv Ngesi (@iamSivN) March 19, 2017
My heart is shattered at the passing of uBab' Joe Mafela ??I'm broken I can't even type ??#RIPJoeMafela— Minenhle Dlamini (@MinnieDlamini) March 19, 2017
ubab' Joe Mafela's career grew in leaps and bounds when he starred as "Sdumo" in popular TV sitcom "Sgudi Snaysi" (it's good, it's nice). pic.twitter.com/NH2XIKV9wf— Min. Nathi Mthethwa (@NathiMthethwaSA) March 19, 2017
Most know him as uSdumo -recently we've seen him on Generations,Ntate Mafela gave his life into entertaining the nation. We thank the legend pic.twitter.com/Ty6ATg58xo— RSA Min of Sport (@MbalulaFikile) March 19, 2017
Many years ago I worked as a writer, A.D. and cameo performer on Fela's tv. Joe Mafela was amazing to work with. Sad news. #RIPJoeMafela— Rob Van Vuuren (@RobVanVuuren) March 19, 2017
READ NEXT: I can't believe it - Joe Mafela's nephew speaks on actor's sudden death


text: In Mississippi ex rel. Hood v. AU Optronics Corp., 134 S. Ct. 736 (Jan. 14, 2014), the United States Supreme Court held that one plaintiff does not a "mass action" make under the Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA). CAFA defines a "mass action" as a claim brought by more than 100 people, and the Court sided with the State of Mississippi, which had sued in Mississippi state court firms that sold LCD panels, alleging price fixing. The defendants preferred a federal forum in which to oppose the Mississippi Attorney General's claims and removed the case to federal court, alleging that the case constituted a "mass action" under CAFA because the State of Mississippi was asserting the claims on behalf of well over 100 of its citizens. CAFA allows removal if the case is a class action, i.e., an action brought under Federal Rule 23 or its state analogue, or a "mass action," in which over 100 plaintiffs are seeking joint relief. The statutory question was straightforward: does the 100-plaintiff threshold apply to actual named parties, or does it also include unnamed parties in interest? The Supreme Court – unlike the district court and the Fifth Circuit – had no trouble with the issue, unanimously ruling that the State of Mississippi was just one plaintiff, no matter how many of its citizens might recover from the claims it brought. Justice Sotomayor said Congress knew how to use the words "real party in interest," and that it would become an administrative nightmare for district courts to identify which of the "hundreds of thousands" of unnamed parties might have claims meeting CAFA's claim threshold of $75,000.


text:
Eric Kustarz's excellent point in favour of using ZFS for your laptop to create a extremely reliable store for all your personal data.
Sun Microsystems is really making a change here. Wish for ZFS to become abuntantly ubiquitous.
Next: swap a disk a day with your friend to have a copy of your data at a remote place when you're house burns down or someone drops a bomb.
Beyond that: the Wizard, Rabbit and Treasurer keep all your data safe in sync in a fully distributed self-organizing and self-healing peer-to-peer network.
Worryfree and effortless data.


text:
View the article online at http://citywire.co.uk/money/article/a901832
Investment Trust Insider: issue 28 out now!
All aboard the latest issue of our free e-zine in which we look at asset allocation, share buybacks and Lindsell Train investment trust.
Welcome to this month's issue of Investment Trust Insider.
I've been on the look-out for information on asset allocation since last year when a group of Citywire Money readers told me that knowing how to spread their investment trust holdings across different markets and asset classes was by far their biggest challenge.
Fortunately, the latest Guide to the Markets from JP Morgan Asset Management gave me the opportunity to produce our first feature this month, which shows how a balanced portfolio can generate FTSE-beating returns with much fewer peaks and crashes than the UK stock market index.
The only challenge is choosing which investment trusts to implement your chosen mix of equities, bonds and other asset classes!
Share buy-backs have shot to 2008 levels as some investment trust boards strive to keep their funds' share prices closer to their underlying net asset values during the pre-EU referendum uncertainty.
Our second feature explains how buy-backs, and their big sister, tender offers, work and highlights boards that have been slow to take action on behalf of shareholders.
There has been nothing slow about Lindsell Train (LTI ) investment trust's share price. Powered by its holding in the trust's unquoted fund management company, the shares have soared to a long-standing premium. Can other trusts emulate this? We consider the facts in our last article.
You can access issue 28 of Investment Trust Insider here.
If you have any problems please use this PDF version instead.
1 comment so far. Why not have your say?
Apr 24, 2016 at 15:18
The reluctance to have large buy-backs has of course nothing to do with the fact that it reduces the management fees ...report this
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The RigData Well Count is now available to download. This report is a free quarterly census of the number of new onshore oil and gas wells that were spud in the U.S. It includes wells that are identified to be significant consumers of oilfield services and supplies.
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text:
Suresh Kumar
Hyderabad, India.
People find me an effective communicator and team leader with organizational abilities, strong analytical and problem solving skills. I'm always interested in migration projects on Digital Marketing and helping clients in understanding the theme of socializing the Digital Marketing concept. I enjoy my job responsibilities. I possess a detail oriented attitude and a flexible approach towards my profession.


text:
UAE Real Estate Market
Dubai , United Arab Emirates
2014 has been a year of significant growth for the Dubai Real Estate Market, Real Estate transactions worth Dhs113bn were recorded during the first half of 2014. After the market recovered from a major slump in 2013 and showed upward statistics , it has become a prime focus for investors around the world. A number of good projects were announced and started in this year which will bring sustainability and momemntum to the market and keep Dubai and the UAE ahead of the Global competition. Dubai Marina was the area of choice for investors and has been on the top of the list in the previous years. Other areas in the spotlight are Palm jumeirah, Downtown Dubai, Jumeirah Beach Residence, JLT apartments for sale are also on the list of the buyers and investors. The announcement of the mega project, World Mall is a major encouragemnet to investors who look forward to benefit from this lucrative property market. These kind of projects will keep intact the confidence of the investors and will keep Dubai ahead of the developments in Real Estate market around the world.


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Court of Appeals of Missouri, Eastern District, Fifth Division
August 19, 2014
STATE OF MISSOURI, Appellant,v.JOHN TORREZ SPENCER, JR., Respondent
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the City of Saint Louis. 1322-CR01421-01. Honorable Mark H. Neill.
John J. Coatar, St. Louis, MO, for appellant.
Travis L. Noble, Jr., Sr. Louis, MO, for respondent.
Gary M. Gaertner, Jr., Judge. Robert M. Clayton III, P. J., concurs. Gary A. Kamp, S. J., concurs.
Page 531
Gary M. Gaertner,
Jr., Judge.
The State of Missouri (State) takes an interlocutory appeal from the trial court's granting of defendant John Torrez Spencer, Jr.'s (Defendant) motion to suppress evidence. Due to the fact that the trial court in a bench trial had taken evidence and had concluded the trial, this Court is required to dismiss the State's appeal on the grounds of double jeopardy.
In summary, police officers of St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department (" Officers" ) responded to a domestic violence call, where they observed a woman standing outside a locked apartment. The woman (Victim) alleged that she was the girlfriend of the Defendant who had struck her. Victim claimed that she lived in the apartment, but did not have a key and the Defendant had locked her out. The Officers ran a computer check on the Defendant which revealed that he was currently wanted, but the Officers did not run any checks to determine if the Victim lived in the apartment. The Officers who were standing in the street allowed the Victim to kick in the apartment's door and the Officers arrested the Defendant when he came out. The Officers searched the Defendant, revealing the presence of valium and marijuana. The State charged the Defendant with felony possession of diazepam (valium) and misdemeanor possession of marijuana.
The Defendant waived his right to a jury trial. The trial court took the Defendant's
Page 532
motion to suppress evidence with the bench trial. The State and Defendant made opening statements, and the State then presented two Officers who testified and were also cross-examined by Defendant. At the close of the State's evidence, Defendant moved for acquittal at the close of the State's case and asserted his motion to suppress the evidence. After the parties argued their respective positions, the trial judge stated, " Very Well. I'm going to grant the motion to suppress the evidence, and that will conclude this ...
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OpenLCB should be able to both control devices via LocoNet and have LocoNet-attached devices create OpenLCB events. Layout events such as turnout throws, sensor changes, etc, should be mapped to and from OpenLCB P/C Event messages so they can be used without limitation.
A LocoNet is a limited resource, so large modular meets already use multiple interconnected LocoNets. The OpenLCB support should allow these to interoperate with OpenLCB devices, if not with each other, transparently.
Some messages could be carried via the low-order e.g. 4 or 6 bytes of events (routing would require "route range" support, not yet present), but some are long enough to require datagrams.
LocoNet uses variable-length messages, with the length encoded in the first byte as part of an op-code. The MSB is used to indicate message boundaries. The last byte of each message is a check byte.
The messages for controlling turnouts (accessory decoders) and sensors are four bytes long. LocoNet defines two separate address spaces for turnouts, and at least two for sensors. Throttle (DCC) control is done via a mix of four-byte and much longer messages.
LocoNet has provision for a seven-bit "LocoNet ID" to separate multiple radio-operated LocoNets located close together. The vast majority of LocoNets use the default value, but modular layout groups require the ability to set unique LocoNet IDs. The LocoNet ID should be carried so that LocoNets don't collide at big meets.
This section describes connecting an existing LocoNet segment to an OpenLCB instance so that the LocoNet-attached hardware can be used from OpenLCB.
LocoNet layout control messages effectively already are P/C events, in that they are broadcast to a set of unknown listeners. Mapping a set of these to and from unique EventIDs would make the connection to OpenLCB straightforward. Working at the level of "layout control messages" instead of separate "turnout messages" and "sensor messages" is a more general approach.
LocoNet EventID format:
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Unique ID
Loconet ID
LocoNet Message Content
The unique ID is taken from (somebody's) assigned name space, so that it's guaranteed to remain unique. The Digitrax manufacturer-assigned space starts in byte 3, for example, so there is plenty of space for this assignment. If there are ever multiple protocols for LocoNet gateways, they'd be distinguished by separate Unique IDs.
Two ways of mapping LocoNet to and from OpenLCB have been proposed. In the "transformation" approach, the gateway parses incoming LocoNet messages to extract their type, device address, etc, and then this is used to form the message-specific content of the event.
Another approach, which simplifies the gateway code, is just send LocoNet messages as received. Short ones fit in a single OpenLCB event message. (To send a LocoNet packet on a LocoNet, the remote gateway has to look at the 1st byte to decide how many bytes are present to send; the check byte isn't sent over OpenLCB)
For example, the LocoNet packet to throw turnout 12 is 0xB0 0x0B 0x10 0x54
The corresponding OpenLCB Event ID would be:
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte 5
Byte 6
Byte 7
Unique ID
Loconet ID
Any OpenLCB device wanting throw LocoNet turnout 12 or be notified when LocoNet turnout 12 has been thrown could just use this Event ID.
LocoNet messages longer than four bytes would be sent as multiple event messages. Since OpenLCB is a reliable ordered transport, the LocoNet MSB and length code in byte 4 of the first message is sufficient for reassembling a LocoNet message before transmitting it on the LocoNet link.
This approach has the advantage that it is completely transparent to changes and additions to the LocoNet protocol itself.
LocoNet also carries longer messages that report transponding and Lissy conditions.
A transponding message is 14 bits of locomotive address, 1 bit of arrived/departed, and 12 bits of transponder section address, for a total of 27 bits. Not all combinations are used, because the NMRA locomotive address doesn't fill the 14 bits of address, but it can't be fit in three bytes.
A Lissy message is 14 bits of locomotive address, 1 bit of direction, and 7 bits of section address for a total of 22 bits.
Like the coding for 3-byte LocoNet messages provided previously, these messages can be encoded in the low bytes of an EventID. With LocoNetID, 34 bits are required.
It may be useful to align the LocoNet ID in a common location, perhaps not bit-aligned, in the formats for all three message types.
Flow control and buffering in a bridge needs to be addressed. LocoNet is much slower than even the CAN implementation of OpenLCB, so only minimal buffering is needed for LocoNet to OpenLCB tranformations. That same speed mismatch makes the other direction, OpenLCB to LocoNet, more problematic. Since only events targeted to the LocoNet need to be transferred, a large buffer is probably sufficient.
Synchronization: The LocoNet protocol doesn't usually send synchronizing response messages. Programs talking to LocoNet usually decode the echoed stream to see where in the command sequence their output messages appear, which they use to model that consistent state of the LocoNet attached devices. OpenLCB events are not synchronized in this same way, and are not normally echoed. It would be easy for a gateway to re-emit back into the OpenLCB all the events that it places on the LocoNet, but it's still to be decided whether it should. Maybe with an "echo" bit set in the format, to the meaning is not ambiguous?
This section describes how OpenLCB nodes can send messages over LocoNet links.
The approach under investigation is using the CAN frame protocol, encapsulating the 4-12 byte can frame into a LocoNet packet.
We still need to make sure that the node assignment algorithm will work on LocoNet instead of CAN. Once that works, the only real problem is bandwidth consumption. An OpenLCB event message is 4+8 bytes, plus at least 6 bytes of LocoNet overhead (including the bytes of 8th bits), for roughly 18 bytes, as compared to 4 bytes in native LocoNet.
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text:
Outsiders scoff at the claims we Catholics make that the Holy Spirit guides the cardinals who will be electing a new pope. To those skeptics, I would suggest that divine protection is the only rational explanation for how our magnificent but flawed church has survived all these years.
But I am fed up with those who hide behind the Holy Spirit to avoid talking about the politics of this election. I'm not referring here to the honest modesty of people like Washington's Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, who would make a great pope. Modesty is called for here. If you think Washington punditry is bad, watch how flawed all the predictions on this papal election will be -- including my own.
Still, God bless Father Tom Reese for saying on CNN that all elections involve politics. Exactly right, but what kind of politics? An editor asked recently what could possibly constitute "Vatican pork." He was not being disrespectful. He was assuming, rightly, that elections involve coalition-building in which those on the winning side expect some reward.
Popes do not have access to the classic forms of pork -- highway or defense contracts. But they do give out a lot of jobs. One brute fact about this election is that the vast majority of the 117 cardinals who will be picking the next pope were appointed by John Paul II. Few politicians play such a decisive role in shaping an election after they are gone.
Popes also fill important posts in the Vatican and name bishops around the world. Participants in the victorious coalition assume their friends will have a leg up in the competition for appointments. The Vatican also has a substantial bureaucracy to fill, a large diplomatic corps, places in various Vatican universities coveted by ambitious young priests, and honors for the laity that bishops can help broker. But in the end, these will all be artifacts of larger political factors:
The church's direction. This is the Big Enchilada. The assumption is that this electorate shares the pope's traditionalist theological tendencies and his penchant for centralizing control of the church. This would give a leg up to conservatives such as Cardinal Dionigi Tettamanzi, the archbishop of Milan, or, if the conclave is looking for an older transitional pope, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who turns 78 this month and heads the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
The long shot (and this may take considerable work by the Holy Spirit) is that the cardinals will decide that holding the church together requires a tilt toward the center. The leading dark horse moderate is Cardinal Godfried Daneels of Belgium.
Regional politics. John Paul was the first non-Italian pope since 1522. The Italians would like at least one more shot at the job. You could imagine a coalition of Italians and conservatives rallying behind Cardinal Tettamanzi, or the Italians picking a more moderate favorite son. The church is growing fastest in the Third World. The leading African candidate, Cardinal Francis Arinze of Nigeria, could build a Third World-conservative alliance, as could some Latin American bishops.
Interest groups. The most famous is Opus Dei, the conservative group that had strong ties to John Paul. Its members are said to like Tettamanzi. Another very conservative organization on the rise is the Legionaries of Christ.
There are two theories here. One is that Opus Dei in particular will have great influence on this conclave. The other is that there will be a backlash against the growing power of these organizations as constituting "a church within the church." Conventional wisdom leans toward the first, so I'll tilt toward the second.
An old-fashioned machine-politics analysis puts the smart money on an Italian conservative like Tettamanzi, or failing that, a conservative from the Third World. But here, one must bring the divine back in. My hunch is that the Holy Spirit will surprise us on this one. That will humble the pundits, a moral good all by itself.


text:
General information on buying PIP or Bank Repossessed houses:
This is a Standard Bank Repossessed Property. Standard Bank uses your Pre-auction offer to determine which properties go on auction next. All online bids and Pre-Auction offers on Standard Bank's Repossessed properties must be logged on this system. Email any queries to email@example.com .Continue reading...
The steps involved in buying a repossessed property on online auction is similar to that of buying any other property at an auction. If your bid is found to be successful at the end of the auction after the auction closed, you will receive an email to notify you, which will contain the Conditions of Sale contract as well as instructions to pay your 10% (or more) deposit. At this stage you will have 48 hours to pay your cash deposit in order for Standard Bank to proceed with the transaction. Once your deposit is paid Standard Bank will require you to complete and sign the Conditions of Sale contract and fax to 086 517 0269 along with a certified copy of your ID book as well as proof of residential address (water and electricity bill). If you require finance for this property, you can apply at any bank for a bond, as you would do on any other property. You need to take the signed Conditions of Sale contract to them with the application documentation. Please take note that according to CPA regulations obtaining finance can not be a suspensive clause in the contract. Read Standard Bank frequently asked questions for more info about Standard Bank Repossessed Property
Standard Bank Disclaimer
This list is produced by the Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd ("the Bank") for information purposes only. All properties are sold "voetstoots" (meaning as is), and prospective purchasers' are advised that the Bank does not guarantee vacant occupation of the properties being sold, and purchasers will have to obtain vacant occupation at their own cost. You are advised to consult the relevant Deeds Registry Office for accurate information pertaining to a particular property, such as size, endorsements, servitudes etc. By making an offer on any property advertised on MyRoof.co.za, online, or using any other medium you warrant that you understand that making an offer is not a bidding process and Standard Bank, in its sole and unbiased discretion, and for whatever reason retains the right to accept or reject any offer at any time for whatever reason and is not obliged to accept the highest offer. All users of the information on this website do so at their own risk. Neither the Bank nor MyRoof.co.za will be liable for any losses of whatsoever nature incurred, as a direct or indirect result of the use of the information on this list.
Standard Bank recommends that potential purchasers visit(s) and inspect(s) each property prior to submitting a bid via the online auctioneering platform to ensure that potential purchasers familiarize themselves with the condition of the property, prior to submitting a bid. If potential purchaser(s) are not able to view and inspect the property, Standard Bank advises potential purchaser(s) to refrain from participating in the bidding process.
Erf Details: 17 Hardy Street ERF:1063 - ERF 1063
This house is for sale in Dundee. This is a Standard Bank Repossessed Property .Continue reading...
Dundee has the following point of interest, these include Driefontein (91.6km), Durban (259km), Estcourt (133.4km), Greytown (127.4km), Ladysmith (68.7km), Newcastle (61km), Pietermaritzburg (Edendale) (198.4km), Richards Bay (252.3km), Utrecht (68.9km) and Weenen (116.4km)
This house is situated in a Residential Suburb
This single storey house floor area was not measured but the erf size was measured at 1867m2.
If you make an online offer using the Make An Offer
button MyRoof will let you know if your offer was successful with the bank.
To make an offer takes less than a minute.
Many people buy bank repossessed houses to save thousands of rands on transfer fees. Bank repossessed houses are normally priced way below the market value and offer great value for money.
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Newcastle , Ladysmith , Underberg , Belfort , Balgowan , Bishopstowe , Merrivale , Amiel Park , BARRY HERTZOG PARK , Signal Hill (KZN) , Geluksburg , Bergville , Driefontein , Estcourt , Wembezi , Greytown , Enhlalakahle , Kokstad , Pongola , Utrecht , Weenen , Madadeni , Vryheid , Bhekuzulu , Mondlo A , Ixopo , Richmond KZN , Ulundi , Melmoth , Lidgetton West , Ingagane , Tugela Estates , Hammarsdale , Lynfield park , Nottingham Road , Glencoe , Bulwer , Colenso , Himeville , Edendale-KZN , Camperdown , Raisethorpe , Paulpietersburg , New Hanover , Winterton , Sweetwaters , Dannhauser , Sakabula Golf & Country Estate , Mooi River , Rosetta , Nqutu , Creighton , Harding , Umzimkulu , Cato Ridge , Inchanga , Hattingspruit
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text:
Hey Guys! Are your struggling to eliminate SNSLocker Ransomware from your PC reason behind all personal files has been encrypted by this ransomware program. Does it force you to pay ransom money for providing decryption key as you can get your files decrypted again? If you are facing same problem then you should not accept its any instructions even you need to remove it completely otherwise it will fetch more problem as long as it stays on the PC. If you don't have any idea to remove it completely then you can read this post to know effective clue by which you can get rid of SNSLocker Ransomware easily in complete form. Best of luck!
Description about SNSLocker Ransomware
SNSLocker Ransomware is a intrusive ransomware program which able to encrypt your various files on the PC for generating benefit of it. This is also similar to other ransomware program like Saad Nabil Soufyane that generally encrypts many windows files on the PC and demand certain money to decrypt all files again. This ransomware demands $300 amount to decrypt your files. It has been confirmed that about this ransomware program as it has been written in the PHP programing language as well as it is very tricky that can take advantage of the .Net frameword that is presented on the NT 4.0 Windows version. This can change your desktop wallpapers with its own ransom note.
Generally, SNSLocker Ransomware infiltrates silently into the PC like lurking with freeware files, P2P files sharing, after clicking spam emails as well as while you visit malicious sites without any investigation unfortunately that is malicious and this type of virus easily enters on the PC. So, here you are suggested that you should be beware while do such activities on your PC.
After SNSLocker Ransomware invading successfully, you can find desktop wallpaper changed with another one that will notify you about your PC being at risk of ransomware program and your all personal files has been encrypted by SNSLocker Ransomware . It will force you to follow its instruction as to purchase decryption key from its deceptive links that will charge you a certain amount $300 but here you need to know about this program as it has no guarantee to decrypt your files despite after being paid certain amount even it may be intrusive to push at highly risk as for further losing your sensitive information and money without any reason. So, you are recommended to delete SNSLocker Ransomware completely as soon as possible.
How To Remove SNSLocker Ransomware From Your PC
Start Windows in Safe Mode with Networking.
- Click on Restart button to restart your computer
- Press and hold down the F8 key during the restart process.
- From the boot menu, select Safe Mode with Networking using the arrow keys.
- Now your computer will get started in Safe Mode with Networking.
End SNSLocker Ransomware Related Process From Task Manager
- Press Ctrl+Alt+Del together on your keyboard.
- Task manager Windows will get opened on your computer screen.
- Go to Precess tab, find the SNSLocker Ransomware related Process.
- Now click on on End Process button to close that task.
Uninstall SNSLocker Ransomware From Windows 7 Control Panel
- Visit the Start menu to open the Control Panel.
- Select Uninstall a Program option from Program category.
- Choose and remove all SNSLocker Ransomware related items from list.
Uninstall SNSLocker Ransomware From Windows 8 Control Panel
- On right edge of screen, Click on Search button and type "Control Panel".
- Now choose the Uninstall a Program option from Programs category.
- Find and delete SNSLocker Ransomware related items from the programs list.
Delete SNSLocker Ransomware From Windows 10 Control Panel
- Click on Start button and search Control Panel from Search Box.
- Got to Programs and select the Uninstall a Program option.
- Select and Remove all SNSLocker Ransomware related programs.
Remove SNSLocker Ransomware Related Registry Entries
- Press Windows+R buttons together to open Run Box
- Type "regedit" and click OK button.
- Select and remove all SNSLocker Ransomware related entries.
Remove SNSLocker Ransomware Infection From msconfig
- Open Run Box by pressing Windows+R buttons together.
- Now type "msconfig" in the Run Box and press Enter.
- Open Startup tab and uncheck all entries from unknown manufacturer.
Hope the above process has helped you in removing the SNSLocker Ransomware virus completely from your computer. If you still have this nasty ransomware left in your PC then you should opt for a malware removal tool. It is the most easy way to remove this harmful computer virus from your computer. Download the Free SNSLocker Ransomware Scanner on your system and scan your computer. It can easily find and remove this pesky ransomware threat from your PC.
If you have any questions regarding the removal of this virus then you can ask your question from your PC security experts. They will feel happy to solve your problem.


text:
PIEBALDconsult wrote:Finding a deep hole to hide in
Ranjan.D wrote:know how to War..
Ranjan.D wrote: serve in US Military
John Simmons / outlaw programmer wrote:The Art of War, by Sun Tzu
Pete O'Hanlon wrote:If everyone who wrote articles did this, then the lounge would become unmanageable.
<p>So, who knows what a solidus is? </p>
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