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Gail Tverberg is a writer and speaker about energy issues. She is especially known for her work with financial issues associated with peak oil. Prior to getting involved with energy issues, Ms. Tverberg worked as an actuarial consultant. This work involved performing insurance-related analyses and forecasts. Her personal blog is ourfiniteworld.com. She is also an editor of The Oil Drum.
The economy is like a circus. It comes to town, and eventually it leaves town. We get paid in tickets to this circus. As long as the circus stays in town, we can use our tickets. Once the circus leaves town, we are pretty much out of luck.1
The reason the circus stays in town is because the economy stays in sufficient balance that the economy can go on. This is much like the way many other self-organized systems function. For example, our bodies continue to function as long as there are suitable balances in many different areas (oxygen, food, water, air pressure). Ecosystems continue to function as long as there is sufficient rain, adequate temperatures, and enough sunlight.
There are many different views as to what limits we reach in a finite world. Some people think we will "run out" of oil, or of energy products. Some think that the energy return will fall too low, as measured in some manner. I see the adequacy of the energy return as being very much tied to the financial system. Thus, the forecast by US Atlanta Fed GDPNow indicating that first quarter 2017 US GDP growth will only be 0.5% is likely to be a problem, assuming it is correct.
Our economy operates on economies of scale. Once we get too close to shrinking, or actually start shrinking, we reach a point where the economic circus starts to leave town. At some point, we will discover the circus is gone. The economy we thought we had, will have left us. If some people are survivors, they will need to pick up the pieces and start over with an entirely new system.
What the Economy Needs to Do to Keep Functioning
For our economy to continue functioning, a number of variables are important:
Ultimately, the issue at hand in determining whether the "circus will leave town" is whether non-elite workers are able to adequately make a living. We know from biology that the return on the labor of animals must be adequate (animals must be able to get enough food by walking, swimming, or flying) or their populations will collapse. The same thing is true for humans. We also know that prior civilizations that collapsed often had wage disparity problems. When this happened, non-elite workers were no longer able to pay adequate taxes. Their nutrition became poorer. They tended to become more susceptible to epidemics. These were things that pushed the economy toward collapse.
The goods and services that non-elite workers can buy with their wages represent the benefits of our fossil fuel powered energy system, as distributed to the most vulnerable workers in the system. Once these benefits start falling too low, the system can no longer function.
There are some indications that benefits are already too low for the economy to keep functioning in a "normal" manner. A major such indication is the fact that energy prices have remained far too low since mid-2014, It is becoming increasingly clear that there really is no oil price which is both high enough for producers and low enough for consumers. We may be living on "borrowed time," using an increasing amount of debt to support energy producers.
Thus, world economic growth rates may already be too low to keep the world economy operating. Regulators who consider only the US do not seem to understand the world situation. Because of this, they can easily make moves that make the situation worse, rather than better. For example, they have already started raising interest rates and are planning to sell securities currently held by the Federal Reserve.
A Few Graphs Giving Hints of Our Problem
Economists have not understood what our problems really are, so they have tended to omit some important issues from their analyses. I put together a few graphs that might give a little insight as to what is happening.
Interest Paid by Households
Interest paid by households is important because this money is transferred to banks, insurance companies, and pension plans. It leaves the households who paid this interest poorer. Buying goods using debt is convenient, but it has a cost involved.
BEA Table 7.11 shows a category called, "Interest Paid by Households." If we compare this to BEA "Wages and Salaries," we find the relationship shown in Figure 1. Admittedly this is not an exact comparison; there are some people who are not wage earners who are making interest payments, for example. I have not tried to offset "interest paid by households," against "interest received by households," because the households benefiting from interest payments are likely very different households than those paying interest payments. They are likely richer, and at a later stage in their lives.
The pattern might be described as follows:
It seems to me that the pattern up to 1986 reflects the general run-up in consumer debt levels during this period. The amount of interest paid is also affected by interest rates, such as ten-year treasury rates.
Interest rates started falling in 1981. These higher rates only gradually worked their way into the system, because many people had bought houses earlier, and were able to keep their existing mortgages at low interest rates. The amount of debt outstanding continued to rise, allowing the total amount of interest paid to continue to rise until 1986.
After 1986, rising debt amounts and falling interest rates came closer to offsetting each other (Figure 1). By 2008, the economy was in a severe recession. In order to help get out of the recession, interest rates were lowered through Quantitative Easing. These lower interest rates, besides helping the economy in general, helped oil prices gradually increase back to the $100+ per barrel price level that they needed to be profitable. Oil prices had temporarily dropped below $40 per barrel in December 2008.
Figure 1 shows that interest payments for several years amounted to about 12% of wages for households. Interest payments are now down to 8% of wages. Even at this level they are significant. They are likely higher than this for those with low wages and high debt. If interest rates rise significantly, the most vulnerable are likely to find their discretionary income is reduced.
Rising Healthcare Costs
Figure 3 shows a comparison of US healthcare costs to GDP and to wages. A huge increase in costs is evident in the 2001-2005 periods, and also in the 2008-2010 period, especially compared to wages.
The increase in healthcare costs since 2008 is one of the costs putting pressure on the economy, and leading to a need for lower interest rates.
The Affordable Care Act should be affecting amounts for the latest years, since the ACA started increasing the number of people with insurance starting about 2014.
A person might wonder why 2014 and 2015 costs didn't rise more, with so many more people added to the system. Perhaps care that was being given "free" by hospitals is now being charged back to patients. Or perhaps many of the people choosing to purchase coverage through the program were already insured elsewhere in the system, so were not really added to the healthcare system through the Affordable Care Act.
One very recent US healthcare change is the addition of an automatic penalty for not having healthcare insurance. This penalty began for tax year 2016, filed in the beginning of 2017. This provision particularly hurts young people, because rates are structured in such a way that the rates for young people subsidize the rates for older people. Thus, young people often find that buying health insurance is far more expensive than their out of pocket costs for health care would have been, without insurance.
Young people who are affected by this new requirement will find that they need to cut back on other expenditures (such as restaurant visits), if they are meet the requirements of the law–either buy healthcare insurance or pay the mandated penalty. This change will begin to adversely affect the economy in 2016. Bigger impacts are likely in early 2017, when taxes are filed.
Falling Wages Relative to GDP, and Rising Wage Disparity
The path to lower wages as a percentage of GDP has been a bumpy one. The general pattern is that when the economy is booming, wages tend to grow as a percentage of GDP. Recession tends to send wages down as a percentage of GDP. US wages seem to have increased somewhat since 2013, perhaps because the price of oil is down, and the US dollar has risen to a relatively high level. This is part of what allows some people to talk about the "tightening labor market," and gives them confidence in the economy.
There has been significant growth in wage disparity since about 1980, both in the US and in many other developed countries. Figure 6 shows some data for the US.
As the economy becomes more "complex," in other words, "specialized," wage disparity tends to be more of a problem. Work that could previously be done by manual laborers is done by machinery, or is transferred to low wage countries. Many people lose their jobs, and have difficulty finding good-paying replacement jobs. All of this contributes to inadequate wages for non-elite workers.
Role of Inflation and Rising Commodity Prices in the Economy
We rarely stop to think how important inflation is to the economy. For example, if inflation is sufficiently high, it will slightly offset normal depreciation in values of home values and business properties. Thus, home and business property values will tend to slightly rise over time. If banks can count on values of structures rising, rather than falling, over time, lenders can assume that mortgage loans are fairly risk-free, because the lender can count on getting its money back through the sale of the property, if the mortgage-holder defaults.
This same principle holds when energy properties, such as coal mines and oil fields are financed. As long as energy prices keep rising, there is a good chance loans can be repaid. Once energy prices fall, debt defaults become a problem. Oil exporting countries also find that the taxes they can collect fall significantly. As a result, energy-exporting countries are in far worse economic position once energy prices fall. Exporters of other commodities, such as metals, have a similar problem if prices fall.
In the last two paragraphs, I mentioned the impact on lenders and governments of rising or falling prices. Owners of properties are also affected by rising or falling prices. If prices rise, these owners can sell their assets, and make a profit. In fact, these owners have often purchased their properties with debt. If the price of the property rises, but the amount of debt is unaffected by inflation, the owner of the property can often get a disproportionate benefit of the price rise. Of course, if the value of a property falls, the property-owner is disproportionately affected by the fall of the price.
We are so used to a rising-price scenario that we have little understanding of how a flat or falling price scenario might work.
To get a little idea of how much inflation has in the past been working through to asset prices in the United States, I looked at some information provided by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis. I compared these amounts to GDP, rather than asset prices, to get an idea of how much impact they have, relative to each current year's activities (Figure 7). There is about $3 of assets of the types BEA analyzes for every dollar of GDP, so the impact, relative to GDP is about three times as high it would be, relative to the asset prices themselves.
If this same relationship holds elsewhere, a person can see why a commodity-producing country might have a big problem, if the price of that commodity suddenly falls. There is huge "balance sheet" impact that doesn't directly affect current GDP as reported (since GDP has to do with current goods and services produced). But it can have a major impact on the country, as it goes forward, because affected loans are much less likely to be repaid. Countries often try to be lenient with lenders, hoping that commodity prices will rise again. But if the drop in prices is permanent, countries must use more and more extreme measures to hide the problem of loans that have a low probability of repayment in a low-priced commodity environment. Eventually, these loans seem likely to default, if prices do not rise sufficiently. China and many commodity-exporting countries seem to be affected by this problem.
BEA shows three amounts of interest with respect to US assets (Figure 7):
The last year shown is 2015. Inflation (relative to GDP) was only 1.2%, and the re-evaluation total was only 0.3% of GDP. (Calculated as percentages of the assets involved, these inflation rates would be only a third of these amounts.) These low inflation rates make it very difficult to operate a debt-based economy. A shift from inflation to deflation would be a major problem. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to get much inflation, if the wages of non-elite workers remain very low.
We have kept our economy growing through growing debt use and growing energy use. I described this process in my post, What has gone wrong with oil prices, debt, and GDP growth?
Now we seem to be reaching the end of the line. The economy is getting very close to shrinking. When this happens, we are getting close to economic collapse–the economic circus is starting to "leave town."
People who think our only problem is "running out" and "high oil prices" don't see the problems the economy is reaching right now. These problems are much more subtle, but they can have a devastating effect. The Federal Reserve talks about inflation rates above 2% being too high, but inflation rates below 2% are at least equally problematic. Somehow, the debt system needs to keep operating for the whole system to work.
We are now at the point where the economy is decidedly unstable. Little things can affect it, like the Affordable Care Act requirement that uninsured people buy healthcare insurance, or pay a penalty. Low commodity prices make debt repayment more difficult in countries producing those commodities.
We should not be too surprised if the economic circus starts to leave to leave town. There are simply too many pieces that are now unstable. The US Government is facing a shutdown in the near future, unless its debt ceiling can be raised and funding can be enacted. The world is depending on China for economic growth, but China's debt is becoming unmanageably high. Japan's debt is also unreasonably high. Oil exporters are becoming increasingly unstable, with the continued low prices. We can find problems in almost every country of the world. It looks like it is only a matter of time, until one of these problems starts a downward spiral.
[1] Thanks to commenter "Lastcall" for this analogy.


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Two sports radio stations, an endless number of blogs (THIS ONE!), Twitter, Facebook, ESPN, local TV sports, there is a lot of space to fill in the sports landscape today.
So much that maybe we're filling it with things that don't really matter.
That's what Pat Gallen and I talk about today.
Is Jason Avant's "bandwagon," comment one of them? What about the Ilya Bryzgalov media ban?
We combine that with a Inception (the movie), J-Roll, Ryan Howard and Andre Iguodala on Twitter and what the Phillies should do with their money during the offseason.
Follow Pat Gallen on Twitter @PatGallen_PN, read him on Phillies Nation, and listen to him (after you're done listening to this of course) on 97.3 ESPN.

subset: commoncrawl


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« December 2010 |
| February 2011 »
Sitting at my desksoft flakes began floating by the window.It quickly changed to a short-lived squall.If it were summer, i suppose it would be a called a cloud-burst.The mob of flakes swirled this way and that past and toward my window
January 22, 2011 in snow, winter | Permalink
Comments (4)
And the wind bites.Two of us know how to cope.
January 21, 2011 in cats, winter | Permalink
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i know that old saying is found in the Biblebut it doesn't seem to always hold true.This time, a troublesome freezing rain-ice storm soon followed.
January 21, 2011 in sky, winter | Permalink
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the Snow Queen's Palace, as suggested by Marly, the Marvelous
January 16, 2011 | Permalink
Comments (2)
This is what happens when a lovely, fluffy snow fallsand there is no wind
January 16, 2011 in snow, winter | Permalink
Comments (1)
Icicles form, filling the windows.Amazing to think they are simply thousands of drops, caught before they fall
January 14, 2011 in icicles, snow | Permalink
Comments (1)
trying my hand at impressionism againclick on the image, if you like. i think it looks better larger
January 14, 2011 in snow, winter | Permalink
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January 10, 2011 in birds, sky | Permalink
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January 06, 2011 in snow, winter | Permalink
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January 06, 2011 in sky, trees | Permalink
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Photograph by User:MrX A long time ago, when customers wanted to learn more about a product or a service, they had no choice but to either visit the store or give the producer a call. They could also trust advertising, which—most of the time—focused on emotional aspect of the offer, not product parameters. So, apparently there was no other way to get complete product information. Thankfully, the times have changed. What about retailers? Digital technologies gave birth to a new generation of … [Read more...]
It's not the technology, it's the execution
Technology is now at such a place where when we get an email or see an ad, we assume that there is some reason that we are seeing it. We all know that email open rates and time spent reading pages can be tracked. Consumers understand that their interaction history on a website can be used to recommend products and content. But, when I look under the hood, I am often surprised how little tracking is actually being done. When I look across the landscape of user experiences on the web, as well as … [Read more...]
Customer Experience Management – Thinking Inside the Box
When we as an industry discuss the customer experience, an awful lot of work goes into the outward-facing part of the discipline. Particularly, as in some organizations, CX initiatives seem to have been adopted first by marketing and very specifically as an extension of website and digital marketing efforts, before being joined up to customer support and the back office. However, have you ever played The Tea Game? We were introduced to it here at Tahzoo a while ago as a technique to … [Read more...]
You can't understand a person until you've walked a mile in their shoes
In the world of customer experience walking in someone's shoes means understanding their language and behavior; what they do, what they talk about and what they feel and believe. It's developing a form of empathy and it's the next stage in evolving the customer experience through insight; understanding the customer journey. There's a lot of buzz around customer journeys these days. Forrester Research has gone so far as to call customer journey maps, "foundational tools that support companies' … [Read more...]


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Words that start with forevermor
Found 1 words that start with forevermor. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with forevermor. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing forevermor
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Today is the last chance to cast your vote for your choice of the events that happen in the Arena for this week. You have to choose the fates of popular people like Darth Vader, The Bride and Indiana Jones. Make sure to cast your vote! You can find a recap of week two here to help frame your votes.
Here are the people to vote for this week: Darth Vader and Bella Swan, The Bride vs Two women, The Doctor and Optimus make a choice, Indiana fights Trinity, and Dorothy meets "the game maker".
The results will come out tomorrow, so make sure to vote today!


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Here's some clever kitchen storage ideas that won't cost you a bundle!
I don't care how big your kitchen is, almost everyone wishes they had more storage space. But what can you do to get more storage out of the space you have? By making a few changes and organizing things better, you can almost double the storage space that you have and make it easier to work in the kitchen to boot!
Store Pots and Dishes Out Of The Cabinet
You can free up some cabinet storage by finding other spots for your pots, pans, dishes and stemware. A pot rack that hangs over your kitchen island is a great way to store your pots and pans and they'll be handy for cooking too. Your stemware can be stored in a rack as well – mounted under the counter or above the island the glasses hang upside down by their bases just like in a bar. For your dishes, consider a plate rack where they can be stored side by side, or built shelves on the kitchen wall with plate racks to display the plates. If you don't think your kitchenware is pretty enough to display outside the cabinets, why not splurge on some new cookware or plates that you'll be proud to show off!
Store Add Some Furniture
If you have the space in your kitchen you can buy a moveable kitchen island that you can wheel out for food prep and then store out of the way when you want. Most of these have extra drawers and a cabinet base for additional storage.
If you've got an alcove or unused piece of wall, think about adding a bakers rack on which you can store all your great dinnerware and mixing bowls, even your mugs and teacups will look nice and you can use this display to add to your kitchen décorating theme by incorporating some of your matching towels and pot holders.
Get Organized
A little bit of organization can add a lot of storage to your kitchen. Plus when things are better organized in your cabinets, you'll be able to find them easier! Some great ways to organize include using a circular lazy susan in a corner cabinet, hanging a spice rack on the inside of the cabinet door, and using slide out drawers in your bottom cabinets. If you are on a tight budget you can get inexpensive metal racks that sit inside the kitchen cabinets and have shelves for pans and baking sheets which will greatly increase your storage without decreasing your bank account.
Make Good Use Of Space
The space right underneath your cabinets is kind of a waste - you don't really need it for food prep, it's just empty air so why not use it to increase your storage! You can buy under the cabinet appliances that attach to the bottom of the cabinet and free up counter or cabinet space. Also, try putting hooks under the cabinet to hang tea cups or mugs, dish towels or linens.
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Source: The Millennial Eye
According to Africa Updates, Trump was rumoured to have said:
Look at African countries like Nigeria or Kenya for instance, those people are stealing from their own government and go to invest the money in foreign countries. In my opinion, most of these African countries ought to be recolonised again for another 100 years because they know nothing about leadership and self-governance.
If we for one second forgets, that Trump never said this, I do find the comments on Africa Updates' Facebook page interesting.
Africans from across the continent agreed with this fake Trump quote.
One from Nigeria said:
He is right some African countries needs to be recolonised most especially Nigeria whose leaders are thieves and cowards. Nigeria is a fake country that forcefully trap 3 to 4 nations in it. Ghana is far better than Nigeria when it comes to Economy sincerity on management duties. Shame on Nigeria leaders.
One from Uganda said
Yes, recolonisation bcoz the whites even now allow us stupid africans to enter their countries and get employment when all the jobs in our countries are for one family, Amin was a dictator but still he is best leader africa has ever seen!!!
One from Ethiopia said:
absolutely right, African leaders loss self governance knowledge
Most people, however, even they agreed with the fake Trump quotation, also became wary about recolonisation, like this person from Kenya saying:
That's the bitter truth. African leaders are very corrupt, power hungry, dictators, self centred and don't care if people loose their life for them to ascend to power. But for the issue of recolonisation, I tend to differ with you.
I would like to talk about why the fake Trump quote is absolutely off the mark.
Scholars have written books and articles about this for decades, so I apologise for the lengthy reply.
Colonialism introduced a new system of ruling. It was inherently an illegitimate type of government, why the colonial powers used widespread violence to keep people in their place. A reason for the violence was also the strange artificial borders drawn by ignorant and oblivious white men with a ruler and a map. In the book "Inside Africa" by the American journalist, John Gunther, he interviewed a Yoruba Oba, and the Oba said that:
God did not make Nigeria. The British did. (p. 742)
When bringing a multitude of kingdoms, chiefs, systems, ethnic groups and more into a block, where people share nothing in common, violence is an effective tool to control the people.
Additionally, the prime aim of colonialism was not to civilise or cultivate the people. It was to systematically loot their country. Regardless whether the colonial power used centralised or decentralised despotism, the aim was the same: the colonies should bring in a surplus to the powers!
During colonialism, Africans were turned into subjects deprived of a history, culture, and identity, and the state racialized through White rule, that took the shape of official or de facto apartheid. Africa was important from an export perspective only, mostly of raw materials. It could be coffee, ivory, gold, rubber, cocoa, diamonds and more, meant to serve as an income for the European power. Infrastructure was constructed to enable this theft. What the locals produced for themselves did not count.
The state was not meant to protect the people or serve the interest of the people, but alone to serve the interest of the colonial power.
This kind of regime paved the way for atrocities such as genocides, massacres, concentration camps, and forced deportation. Most notorious was the atrocities committed by the Belgium King Leopold II in the Congo Free State. But he has also been used to overshadow the other European powers' heinousness crimes. No European colonial power can claim any moral superiority.
The Fight for Liberation Failed
The fight for total liberation was twofold. The first one was to deracialise the state in an effort to end apartheid. The second one was to democratise the state in order to remove the previous colonial system based on despotism that manifested itself through violence and theft.
The first struggle was successful, locals took charge, and the state was deracialized, when a new local elite took charge. But they new elite failed in getting rid of the rule of despotism left by the colonial power.
The Failure in Addressing the Colonial Legacy
I will divide this up into three subsections. A) Describing the failure in democratising the state through the failure in becoming independent from raw materials, b) failure in turning the people into citizens, and c) the focus on the problem of clientelism.
The Failure in Becoming Independent from Raw Materials
The colonial power's job was to export raw materials to the nearest port.
An example is Senegal. During the Colonial era, France had a surplus of poor quality rice in Vietnam. Senegal produced groundnuts to the French market. To avoid empty ships, France decided to sail rice from Vietnam to Senegal (both French colonies), where the cargo of rice would be replaced by groundnuts.
Today, Senegal is still depending on imports of rice -not only from Vietnam though – and the country is still a leading exporter of groundnuts. The groundnut business employees up to 50% of the total population.
People cannot make a living selling groundnuts, especially not, when the state has to import nearly 1 million tonnes of rice annually.
The political elite in Senegal continued where the colonial power left. A failure to industrialise the country. Instead, the production is fit to serve the same purpose as during the colonial era. To export raw materials.
The same is the case in Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, DR. Congo, CAR, Angola, Cameroon, and several other countries to a larger or minor degree. The countries lack industrialisation, where the focus is on the export of raw materials. A dependency of raw materials creates a chronic dependency on aid.
A reason for this is the gatekeeper state, is that the state does not rely on the people, but on tariff when goods cross the border. That enforces an emphasis on trading with raw material since that has to cross the borders, where the elite in power earns its money. When industrialisation begins, the raw materials stop crossing the borders, and the elite loses their main source of income, and they lose control over resources.
This creates new problems, where the state does not rely on taxation from the people. Taxation is a mean for the state to care about its people since they are the ones from where the state gets its money. And if the people do not pay money to the state, the people do not create a feeling of belonging or to get used to the state having their interest at heart.
When you pay taxes, you expect something in return, why taxation is an important factor in the making of a good state.
By focusing on taxation of exported goods, the interdependence between the state and the people are never developed. Furthermore, raw materials represent a low value, and if you want to create jobs, you need to process the goods in order to maximise your income, that again can be used to develop new technology, that can ignite further industrialisation.
But countries are stuck in the same position, as they were during colonialism. Prime exporter of raw materials. Combined with the current population boom, there are no jobs for the youth.
By having a minor elite controlling the resources ensuring wealth stays in the hand of the few.
Failure in Turning the People into Citizens
In the perfect world, the police are meant to protect the civilians, and the state will uphold the law by strengthening the institutions in order to protect the citizens and secure equal treatment.
However, during colonialism, the job of the state was the opposite, to protect itself from the people. Today, we still witness this. When the local elite took power after fighting for independence, the new elite failed in uprooting the despotism based on tyranny and violence left by the colonial power.
In a good democracy, when the rights of a citizen are violated, the perpetrators are punished. If a police officer beats me, I can take that officer to court, and he will be punished.
That is not the case in most African countries (or the USA). The police, politicians, and military still operate with impunity. Rape, torture, prison conditions treating people like animals, corruption and more, and nothing happens to the perpetrators. If you threaten them, that you take them to court, they might even laugh.
This is not an African problem. The USA faces similar problems. The ones in power are still oppressing the ones once enslaved. You have to be a white person to believe, that offering a police a Pepsi will make everything good. The blacks are still treated as subjects or at best as second class citizens. The once colonial state never really changed the system, where the relics of despotism are still in place. Former colonies face multiple problems non-colonies do not.
The system is more than a person. If the system is rotten, changing the person will not change the system. The Nigerian historian Falola tells how this is the case in Nigeria. Recently, I can also use South Africa as an example. Since Apartheid ended in 1994, the African National Congress (ANC) took over, the ANC has failed in changing the system. The poor black majority are still poor, the whites still control the economy, and the new black political minority are becoming increasingly corrupt, where President Zuma displays signs of a dictator.
The colonial system used to oppress people while the elite looted the country is still in place. Why? Because it benefits the elite. An old proverb says, that power corrupts, and ultimate power corrupts ultimately. When a new now black elite suddenly got access to power and privileges formerly held by the whites, it is hard to turn your back. You might even believe, that you are incorruptible. You are not.
Wealth in People – Clientelism
According to Sean Stilwell, throughout Africa, wealth was not in things but in people. Production in things was important, but only insofar that it led you being able to attract more people in order to expand your clientelistic network. Hence, production became a mean rather than an end, where the end was gaining control over as many people as possible.
Once it was believed, that clientelism was a mean of equalisation. Everybody got something. It is not. Successful patrons attract more people and wealth at the expense of others. As money is allocated, there is less and less left for the ones in the bottom. All this not only creates inequality, it escalates inequality.
Clientelism is still well alive in several African countries. The problem is again twofold. As a patron, you have to spend your wealth to show people, that you are a strong patron. That nourishes ostentatious living. The display of wealth is meant to attract more clients, since wealth is in people, and investment in things are meant to attract more people. That further nourishes the interest in earning money fast.
That paves the way for blatant corruption, and less money is left for investment, public spending, and to pay public servants on time. It is unbelievable how troublesome it is for several African states to pay public workers their salaries. That is a reason several African countries are haunted by strikes when public servants want to have their pay after waiting months.
When the African countries got independent, clientelism became part of the state apparatus (fancy term for this is neo-patrimonialism). That makes the president the supreme patron. That is an extremely powerful position since he (mostly he) allocates money to whom he wants, or more importantly, can starve the groups he dislikes. If there is not a system in place to get rid of this person through peaceful methods, the only way to remove him is through a coup d'état.
A new person takes office. The new person might have the best intentions at heart, but if he fails to reform the system, he inherited, that gives him enormous power. The despotic and exploitive system of government he now controls will consume you and nothing changes.
The second issue is, that people look for a strong patron, the ones flouting their wealth.
The African writer Achebe (RIP) argued, that Africans wanted to be oppressed in style. If you have power, then you must display your wealth for others to know, that you are a powerful patron.
This means, that if you have the right ideas, and you are a good person, but you arrive on a bike wearing normal clothes, no one will listen to you, and you will never be president. The consequence is, that people end up favouring and encourage corruptive behaviour by listening to people exhibiting an ostentatious behaviour. That being a pastor or politician.
That further means, that if you suddenly get a good job, your networks expect you to share your wealth. So if you decide to uphold the law, you can be accused of corruption by refusing to be corrupt. People are victims of the corruption clientelism beings, but they are also producers by requesting a friend to be corrupt. If their friend refuses to offer them a job (aka nepotism), money, a car or something else, you are in trouble.
Western Givers and African Receivers
During the Cold War, the West and the USSR acted like patrons. The discussing among scholars and laypeople are, whether the foreign powers exploited Africans, or if African leaders exploited the foreign countries, mostly former colonial powers. Personally, I stand in the middle leaning toward African leaders exploiting the ignorance of white people.
Western powers and the USSR became the patron from where the African leaders got their money during the Cold War.
Klitgaard correctly points out, quoting Steinbeck, that
[G]iving builds up the ego of the giver, makes him superior and higher and larger than the receiver (p. 13)
On the other hand, it is easier to give than to receive. To be a receiver,
you cannot appear, even to yourself, better or stronger or wiser than the giver, although you must be wiser to do it well. (p. 13)
Several African leaders did very well in telling the receiver aka donors what the donors wanted to hear, that gave access to aid.
On the other hand, African leaders had to speak into a discourse controlled by donors. If an African leader caused too much trouble, he could be removed. The willingness of donors to support corrupt African leaders is a reason for the accumulating debt, several African countries still have today.
Even both the donors and the then African leaders were both equally blameable, it is only the African population, that are punished for past wrongdoings.
The givers also told the receivers what reforms should be carried out. So even if a good African leader came to power, the demands from the givers would be contra-productive, which again would handicap an African leader trying to clean up the mess.
However, as Chabal and Daloz mention, some African leaders apply the "politics of the mirror" to get access to resources. The African leaders say what donors want to hear, and then they do whatever they want hereafter. The African leaders know, that donors' knowledge of Africa is limited at best and that donors tend to overestimate their felt superiority. The African leaders use that to their own advantage.
A reason NGOs can be part of the problem. They represent access to wealth. People interested in money will then try to get access to the money by telling the international NGOs what they want to hear, and then put the money in their own pockets. That harm local NGOs, that do hard work. But they rarely have the means to fill application forms or to travel to get the needed contracts. When massive wealth enters a community, where just a few selected ones benefit, it creates inequality, that again ignites conflicts and xenophobia.
If the state is depended on aid, the people get used to that help is not coming from the state, and the state gets used to outside agents doing the work, they were supposed to do. Therefore, they can keep more of the wealth to themselves. This prevents the needed nation-building since the countries were not created by God but by the colonial powers in the 19th and 20th century, where a sense of togetherness has to be created from scratch.
What is the Status of 2017?
African countries are very different. Though, we witness a change in having wealth in people. Because of the control of raw materials, in too many countries, the state does not need to listen to the people at all. That has created a tiny rich elite, that rule the country with an iron fist, and view the country and the national coffers as a personal belonging. By a small elite controlling all the resources, the people at large are ignored and kept in poverty. This is the case in countries such as Angola, Burundi, Mozambique, Liberia, CAR, Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. For the people, this means that both the state and their patron have deserted them.
On the other hand, allow me to be hopeful. A new generation is on their way. They have never experienced colonialism, and the old rhetoric from the elite not longer works. The youth demands action. This can start a process where an internal pressure for true reforms is possible.
We also witness that African leaders find it harder and harder to hold onto power. We have seen that in the Gambia and Burkina Faso. We witness African leaders accepting defeat and respecting the constitution. An African leader clinging onto power has become the exception of the day.
We also see a growing group of Africans willing to fight for their rights. Education is improving, and education gives access to networks, new strategies, and power. The African intelligentsia does not shut up either, but the people speak their mind. They want to be heard, they want to criticise the elite (givers and receivers), and they are becoming more vocal. The latest example is that of the Ugandan scholar Stella Nyenzi, who recently was arrested for criticising Museveni calling him a pair of buttocks, which then trended on Twitter under the hashtag #PairOfButtocks, when it became public she was arrested. In court, Nyanzi defended herself saying, according to Celebrity Patrol, that:
Museveni is a very dishonourable man who reneged on his promise of free sanitary pads to girls. Only an honorable man would fulfill his promise which Museveni isn't! For how long are Ugandans going to be silent?
Her trial will continue on April 25, 2017 #FreeStellaNyanzi
But we still see the African Union living in the past, protecting the old autocracy, the guardian of the despotic relic of the colonial past, while the people suffer.
While it appears the former colonial powers and the US care less and less about Africa, which is good. Historically, their involvements have done nothing good.
But it seems the European Union (EU) is renewing its interest in Africa because of the increasing numbers of people trying to enter Europe from Africa.
The new money stream to countries, such as Sudan, Libya, and Eritrea, can prevent regime changes because the money from EU can be used by the local brute government to centralise power and to strengthen the army. In doing so, they can continue to rule with an iron fist, making it harder to reform the system. It will be a cause for new atrocities because Western powers do not know what they are doing.
A Conclusion
If Africa was recolonised, everything gained the last 70 years would be lost, and Africans would again be deprived of everything.
The local leaders are reachable, and the new generation of young educated people can pave the way to win the last fight for liberation; to get rid of the despotic system left by the colonial powers.
Signs are present, that leaders have begun to listen to their people. Such as in Ghana, where the opposition party won by promising industrialising. Time will tell if the party is able to deliver.
When I lived in Ghana, some Ghanaians believed that corruption was caused by some few bad apples. I argued, that the entire system inherited from the colonial past was bad. It was not a matter of a few bad apples, it was the apple tree that had to be dealt with.
Regardless, if the problems are caused by some bad apples or if the entire the apple tree is rotten, the only ones who can fix it is the local population. Locals know best and foreigners, including myself, do more harm than good when interfering in African countries' domestic affairs.
If African leaders do not begin to create jobs, and get independent from raw materials, to effectively fight corruption, and to free themselves from aid, nothing will change.
At the same time, locals need to stop reproducing corruption and stop to vote for whom they believe would be the best patron. Instead, candidates you sincerely believe will do what is best for the country need to be voted into office.
If nothing changes soon, several African countries are heading toward a revolution.
The youth have hopes, dreams, and they want a job to create a future. If the various African governments fail in creating jobs and fulfilling the hopes and dreams of the youth, the youth will take their disappointment to the streets. It will not be pretty, and some African leaders will be removed by force.


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Thursday, January 5, 2012
News Update P438.8B of 2012 budget goes to economic sector, says DBM
Posted by DES TAN at Thursday, January 05, 2012
The Aquino administration taking P438.8 billion from the 2012 budget to fund a "sustainable economic growth," the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) said Tuesday. Budget and Management Secretary Florencio Abad said the economic sector budget is 24.2 percent of the P1.816 trillion 2012 National Budget. In a statement, Abad said the money will help finance government's job generation and economic development programs. Sectors that will benefit from economic sector budget are the semi-conductor and electronics, business process outsourcing, tourism, agriculture and fisheries, and general infrastructure. Around P182.2 billion of the P438.8 billion budget will fund government's infrastructure program, said Abad, The economic sector allotment also includes a P22.1-billion fiscal support program for the public-private partnership program (PPP) to attract the private sector joining critical infrastructure project. The DBM said agriculture projects on rice self-sufficiency by 2013 will also benefit from the economic budget, including P6.2 billion for the National Rice Program, P1.3 billion for the High-Value Crops Program, P951 million for the National Corn Program, P1.9 billion for the National Fisheries Program, P1 billion for the National Livestock Program and P24.5 billion for irrigation development. — VS


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Man arrested over Sale couple's death
A man from County Durham has been arrested on suspicion of murder after a man and a woman in their 60s were found shot dead in Greater Manchester.
Police were called to a house in Clough Avenue, Sale, on Friday afternoon and forced their way in.
They found the bodies of the 68-year-old man and 65-year-old woman. Post-mortem examinations showed they had died from gunshot wounds.
A 45-year-old man arrested in Seaham is being questioned by police.
Forensic tests are being carried out on the weapon that was used to kill the pair, which was found in the house by officers.
Supt Simon Retford said officers were not "leaping to any conclusions".
He added: "What I can say is that there is no evidence whatsoever that anyone else in the community has ever been under any threat from this incident.
"What happened appears to be isolated, but the fact remains that there has been a double tragedy and our thoughts are with the families affected at this terrible time."


text:
United States Cold Storage
2901 Eunice Ave., Orlando, FL 32808
(407) 295-4842
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- Transportation, Communications, Electric, Gas, And Motor Freight Transportation Refrigerated Warehousing And Storage
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According to our records, this business is located at 2901 Eunice Ave. in Orlando (in Orange County), Florida 32808, the location GPS coordinates are: 28.580544 (latitude), -81.4219061 (longitude). United States Cold Storage is categorized under Cheese Warehouse (SIC code 4222). Known organization manager is Kim Stone. You can contact the company by phone at (407) 295-4842; the following fax number is also provided: (407) 578-4529.
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Very rarely am I ever doing only one single thing. Sure, there are times where it looks like I'm doing one thing, but looks are deceiving. Once upon a time I sat for hours playing with Legos or reading a book, or playing with my toys, but the days of such single-minded focus were let behind with the Legos. Even with my writing, though I have a widget on this site which displays my "progress" it isn't really accurate. It only follows the progress of a single story, and unless I'm buckled down in editing mode, I flit from one story to another as the Muse strikes.
Pitfalls of creative multi-tasking:
- Plotting a scene in your head is fine, as long as you know the directions to your destination. Attempting to find a new place while simultaneously crafting a scene will guarantee at least one missed turn.
- It is never a good idea to cook bacon in one room as you muse upon plot twists and dry your hair in the other, even if your hair dries in a matter of three minutes. Inevitably, the bacon will be burned.
- Be prepared to have moments when you check back in to reality just in time to NOT put the milk in the dishwasher.
- When you craft that perfect one-liner dialogue and bust out laughing, people will stare.
- Nothing is as frustrating as an interrupted fight scene, but remember it is best not to demonstrate said scene in real life.


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Rikuo / Aulbath Fan Arts
by J2Dstar
by Pertheseus
|See Also: Official Works of Rikuo on Game Art HQ (Not Yet)
Other Fan Art Galleries and Cosplays related to Rikuo / Aulbath (Darkstalkers)
|Related Characters
|Games Series
|All Darkstalkers games
Rikuo, who is known as Aulbath in japan is a character of the Darkstalkers fighting game series. Rikuo appears in all parts of the series but was never used any in other capcom game series yet
The fan arts on this page are chosen by me personally, the artists gave me their permission to publish them on Game-Art-HQ.Com.
If you are an artist and would like to see your works here, you can contact me via the submissions forum here
If you are someone who liked the works of the artists featured here, you can contact them via the links/nicknames under every fan art image


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July 7, 2017
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] – Fifty years after the Loving v. Virginia civil rights decision to overturn laws prohibiting interracial marriage, the number of Americans marrying someone of a different race or ethnicity is on the increase. In "Growing acceptance of interracial marriage in US," Professor of Sociology and PSTC Associate Director Zhenchao Qian notes that the increased diversity of American society and growing exposure to people of other races play important roles in the increase. Qian is also quoted in "50 Years Ago, Supreme Court Overturned Laws That Barred Interracial Marriages."


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About This Position: The Communications Coordinator promotes the mission of Green Empowerment by using a range of digital and print media for outreach and donor development. This position coordinates diverse volunteers and supports Green Empowerment staff for the smooth functioning of the organization.
Public Relations- 30% of time
Enhance Green Empowerment's reputation and visibility through branding, external communication and the website.
- Work closely with staff to keep the website information current.
- Assist with events and corporate sponsorships
- Execute email and hard-copy newsletters and solicitations.
- Coordinate Annual Reports.
- Manage Twitter and other social media accounts.
- Develop graphically appealing Project Profiles and marketing materials
Administrative and Fundraising – 30% of time
Assist in the smooth functioning of the organization's administration.
- Receive visitors, telephone calls, and mail.
- Receive emails to general info@greenempowerment, respond or forward.
- Help with general office task such as ordering supplies
- Help to maintain a new database management system (Salesforce) for corporate, foundation, and individual donors with the Development Director or Accountant.
- Maintain records of incoming grants and outgoing requests as well as past, prospective, and current institutional and corporate donors in Salesforce
- Organize end of year contribution receipts and replies.
Volunteer coordination- 20 % of time
Effectively manage and designate roles for a diverse corps of Portland based volunteers. Act as a liaison between the Director of Service learning and international volunteers.
Program Tracking- 20% of time
Support program staff in tracking and program-related outreach.
- Support in grant writing, solicitation and reporting.
- Maintain active projects profiles with Good Search, Global Giving, Universal Giving, local CFCs (combined federal campaigns), and other web fundraising opportunities.
Remuneration: $27,000 annualized. This is an "at will" position, not a contract for a fixed period of employment. Employer-paid medical insurance, paid vacation and sick leave.
Education: College degree, or equivalent
Skills and Knowledge:
- Ability and desire to work in a dynamic nonprofit organization and commitment to the mission and values of the organization.
- Proficiency in Microsoft Word, Excel, and Adobe InDesign and general computer skills.
- Marketing or graphics experience is a plus.
- Knowledge of Salesforce or other database system preferable.
- Experience with Vertical Response, Facebook, Twitter and Google Documents recommended.
- Must be outgoing, be able to work independently and think creatively about complex solutions.
- Demonstrated high quality written and verbal skills.
To Apply: Kindly send resume and cover letter by email to email@example.com by April 18, 2010.


text:
Building a good credit history in the U.K. is important if you want to rent a flat (apartment), finance a car, get a mobile (cell) phone contract, start a business, set up a utility account, get a mortgage or even obtain employment in the country. You may have a low credit score because you have credit problems. Or you may have a low score because you had no need for credit in the past, have an irregular income, or are new to the U.K., among other reasons. If this is the case, follow these steps to build a good credit history.
Request a copy of your credit report to learn about your current credit history. This can be ordered for a small fee from one of the three main credit reference agencies in the U.K. These are Experian, Equifax and Call Credit.
Strengthen or build your credit history by applying for credit products tailored for people with poor credit ratings. Lovemoney.com recommends four credit cards if you are in this position. These are Aqua Mastercard, Barclaycard Initial, Capital One Classic and Vanquis Visa. You could also apply for a store card to build your credit rating. Be warned: these four credit cards and all store cards have very high APRs.
Use your new credit card or store card a little every month. But keep within your spending limit and repay your balance in full every month. This way you avoid penalties and worsening your credit rating. You also avoid paying interest.
Open only a few credit accounts. If you have many open, close those you will not use. Future creditors are detracted by a large combined limit, which may tempt you to spend above your means and into financial trouble. Having a few open accounts with zero balances proves to creditors that you can use credit responsibly.
Tell lenders and credit reference agencies where you live. Do this by contacting your local council to register your permanent address details on the electoral roll.
Review your credit report at least once a year to make sure it is correct. Check that all accounts listed belong to you.
Do not shop for credit. Every time you apply for credit, this is shown on your credit report. Too many applications suggests to potential lenders that you are a risky customer. Beware of credit repair companies offering to clean up your credit file. They often charge a substantial fee for information that can be obtained for a small fee from credit reference agencies or debt counselling services. For help with debt management, contact the National Debtline or the Consumer Credit Counselling Service. National Debtline Tricorne House 51-53 Hagley Road Edgbaston Birmingham, B16 8TP 011-44-808-808-4000 nationaldebtline.co.uk Consumer Credit Counselling Service Wade House Merrion Centre Leeds, LS2 8NG 011-44-0800-138-1111 cccs.co.uk


text:
Merry Christmas and special offer (buy one, get one for FREE)!featured
Posted in Uncategorized
Merry Christmas, everyone! I hope you are surrounded by your loved ones and will have peaceful and cozy holidays!
For my part, to make your holidays a little bit better, I have special offer running these days on Ravelry. Buy one pattern – get second one for free! The code expires December 26th, at midnight (Europe Time Zone), so you have plenty of time to choose and buy what you really want.
Happy Holidays!


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Watch Gold Diggers - Das Geheimnis von Bear Mountain: Moving from the big city (LA) to a backwater town is always difficult, but especially for the one doing the moving. After her dad's death, Beth Easton and her mother, Kate, move to the house left to the family by a deceased aunt. Kate meets up with several old friends, but Beth has none. Slowly, however, she makes friends, despite the lack of a nearby mall or anything else to do. Soon she meets up with two boys fighting ... except one isn't a boy, but a girl. The girl, Jody, is shunned by her peers as a "bad kid." As the film progresses, we see Jody as the apparent victim of a bad relationship between her own widowed mother and Ray, a man who, like everybody else, grew up in the town....
|November 03, 1995
|94 mins
|Adventure Drama Mystery Family Action
|Kevin James Dobson
|Christina Ricci Anna Chlumsky Jewel Staite David Keith Jennifer Hale
Gold Diggers - Das Geheimnis von Bear Mountain (1995) Links
Gold Diggers - Das Geheimnis von Bear Mountain (1995) Comments
|Posted by AbbyBeebs24
this is the best movie i have ever seen in my entire life
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simsy : ending was kinda lame but ok movie...
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skorpio777 : VERY GOOD MOVIE
skorpio777 : VERY GOOD MOVIE
cartex : Very well done
maximus_1 : thank you for the links and this is a great show!


text:
The Global FlyFisher
Simply the Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tyinghttp://globalflyfisher.com/video/colorado-fly-fishing-road-trip
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Updated or edited Aug 17. 2012
Colorado Fly Fishing Road Trip
17 and a half minutes of nice footage showing four friends from Connecticut, California, Massachusetts, and Montana fly fishing their way around Colorado in August of 2012.
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Martin Joergensen
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Friday, July 24, 2009
I had these on my feet...
when I was in Vegas...and I wanted them SO BADLY! They were one size too small, but on sale- for a mere $275! Yes, I think they would have come home with me, had I been fortunate to have that amount in my pocket! Anyway, I've been lusting after these shoes for a few months now. The sales lady told me that they didn't make them in my size, but if I had been a few weeks earlier she would have called Italy and ordered me a special pair. Well, that would have been nice, but I guess I'm just drool over the pics for now! Enjoy!
1 comment:
they are beautiful!
did you try the peep toe ones or the closed toe?
I love that ad.
- July 25, 2009 at 6:36 AM
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text:
Here is an easy recipe for a side dish for any occasion. I just made it for my work's Christmas party and it went over really good.
4 lbs of red seedless grapes washed and dried overnight
8 oz cream cheese softened
8 oz sour cream
1/2 cup sugar
Mix softened cream cheese, sour cream and sugar together. Then whip for 5 minutes.
Place grapes in bowl and gently mix with cream cheese mixture. Place grape mixture in 9" X 13" glass pan. Mix together in a separate bowl:
1 cup brown sugar
1 cup chopped pecans
Top the grapes with the brown sugar/pecans mixtures. Carefully mix some of this mixture down into the grapes and then spread remaining on top of grapes. Refrigerate for at least 4 hours. Enjoy!
Tuesday, December 22, 2009
3 comments:
And I'm eating some right now for my lunch!! Good stuff!ReplyDelete
(Hey, it's got grapes, check for the fruit group, pecans, also healthy, cream cheese and sour cream, okay, now I have my dairy!)
This is a favorite of mine!--I always look forward to church dinners, because someone always brings it! Connie-I like ur thinking on the food categories!!--Good way to look at it!! :)ReplyDelete
Same here Sarah... sad to say but that's how we found out about it. Someone would always make it for funeral dinners at our church.ReplyDelete
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January 8, 1993
ARLENE A. JOHNSON, Plaintiff,
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Defendant.
This is the second time defendant has moved to dismiss the present action. In a Memorandum Order of April 12, 1990, we denied defendant's prior motion. See Johnson v. United States, 735 F. Supp. 1, 4 (D.D.C. 1990). We now consider defendant's Renewed Motion to Dismiss and Third Motion to Dismiss and plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. For the reasons given below, we grant plaintiff's motion and deny defendant's motions.
I. Background
The facts of this case are not in dispute and are discussed here only summarily since we reviewed them at length in our prior Memorandum Order. See Johnson, 735 F. Supp. at 2. Briefly, plaintiff Arlene Johnson, a member of the United States Army, brought this suit under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 671-2680 (1988) ("FTCA"), alleging negligence on the part of physicians and personnel at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center ("WRAMC"). On September 9, 1986, plaintiff donated blood during a blood drive held at WRAMC. On that date, blood samples were also taken for blood tests. Plaintiff was informed one month later, on October 8, 1986, that her blood tests had shown that she had tested positive for acquired immune deficiency syndrome ("AIDS").
WRAMC doctors took a second blood sample in October 1986 for further testing. Although the results of the second test came back only weeks later and showed that plaintiff did not, in fact, have the AIDS virus, her test was misfiled and she was not informed of the new results until February 1987. Meanwhile, in November 1986, plaintiff discovered she was pregnant and decided to have an abortion having been previously told by WRAMC physicians that the child would be born with AIDS. After she was informed in February 1987 that she did not in fact have the AIDS virus, plaintiff filed this suit under the FTCA to recover damages for undergoing an unwanted abortion and for other pain and suffering.
In its prior motion to dismiss, defendant maintained that the present action should be dismissed pursuant to the Feres doctrine. Under that doctrine, claims raised by service members under the FTCA are barred if they "arise out of or are in the course of activity incident to service." Feres v. United States, 340 U.S. 135, 146, 95 L. Ed. 152, 71 S. Ct. 153 (1950). Defendant alleged that plaintiff's claim was barred because she was a member of the United States Army at WRAMC and because the blood drive was "incident to service."
In our April 1990 Order, we denied defendant's motion on the grounds that plaintiff's voluntary donation was not barred for the following reasons: plaintiff was under the "compulsion of no orders;" the blood drive was open to the public and not a "military event;" plaintiff was not receiving medical treatment; and finally, plaintiff was receiving no alternative compensation for her injuries through other channels. Johnson, 735 F. Supp. at 3.
Since we issued that Order, the parties have conducted discovery and defendant has again moved to dismiss the case based on new facts which defendant alleges warrant dismissal. Specifically, defendant has raised the fact that plaintiff was still subject to military orders and discipline while at the blood drive. See Defendant's Renewed Motion to Dismiss ("Defendant's Motion") at 2-3. Defendant also notes evidence of military involvement: the blood drive was conducted pursuant to an Army regulation which limits donors to "military personnel, their dependents, and civilian Federal employees" and encourages blood drives for the purpose of maintaining blood supplies at military medical facilities. See Defendant's Motion at 3; Appendix to Defendant's Motion ("App.") at 10. Plaintiff subsequently filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, contending that the Feres bar still does not apply.
Despite the additional evidence, we still agree with plaintiff that her claim is not the type of claim that was intended to be barred by Feres.
II. Discussion
As we explained in our prior Order, the Feres doctrine is predicated on three broad rationales: the desire for a uniform, federal compensation system, the availability of statutory veterans' benefits, and the fear of intrusion into military affairs. See Johnson, 735 F. Supp. 2 at 2-3 (citing United States v. Johnson, 481 U.S. 681, 689, 95 L. Ed. 2d 648, 107 S. Ct. 2063 (1987)). Of these, the third factor has been deemed the most important.
In the last analysis, Feres seems best explained by the 'peculiar and special relationship of the soldier to his superiors, the effects of the maintenance of such suits on discipline, and the extreme results that might obtain if suits under the Torts Claims Act were allowed for negligent orders given or negligent acts committed in the course of military duty.'
United States v. Muniz, 374 U.S. 150, 162, 10 L. Ed. 2d 805, 83 S. Ct. 1850 (1963) (citing United States v. Brown, 348 U.S. 110, 112, 99 L. Ed. 139, 75 S. Ct. 141 (1954)). See also Hunt v. United states, 636 F.2d 580, 599 (D.C. Cir. 1980) ("the protection of military discipline . . . serves largely if not exclusively as the predicate for the Feres doctrine . . . Only this factor can truly explain the Feres doctrine and the crucial line it draws.").
The third rationale behind Feres also stems from the concern that permitting service-related claims might "require[] the civilian court to second-guess military decisions." United States v. Shearer, 473 U.S. 52, 57, 87 L. Ed. 2d 38 , 105 S. Ct. 3039 (1985) (citing Stencel Aero Engineering Corp. v. United States, 431 U.S. 666, 673, 52 L. Ed. 2d 665, 97 S. Ct. 2054 (1977)). Allowing such claims might "involve the judiciary in sensitive military affairs at the expense of military discipline and effectiveness." Id. at 59.
As we stated in our prior Order, we do not find that the present case implicates any of these concerns.
Review of the alleged original wrongful advice and subsequent mishandling of plaintiff's paperwork surrounding her blood tests does not involve us in "sensitive military affairs" or require that we "second-guess military decisions," Shearer, 473 U.S. at 59. Plaintiff's activity did not implicate military goals or sensitive military testing as would participation in ...
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Sunday, 28 February 2010
The next models to be used for airbrush practice.
My next bunch of model to get use to the airbrush with. Did'nt take put much effort into building them correctly, took me under an hour to get all these ready to paint and used only putty on the F-15 nose.
Revell 1/144 F-117 Nighthawk Stealth Fighter - Much better than what i thought, has great detail. Might buy another to build.
Revell 1/44 SU-27 Flanker - Underscale and lacking detail, but still has the great shape of the Flanker.
LS 1/144 F-15 Eagle - An over 20 year model so lacking detail as expected but the shape is correct from what i can tell. Going to have to search out a better F-15 as it one sweet looking jet.
Friday, 26 February 2010
Macross DYRL? 1/144 - Super Valkyrie Skull Squadron -
The completed 1/144 scale Skull Squadron from The Super Dimension Fortress Macross - Do you remember love?
Was meant to post these straight after posting each Valkyrie from the squadron but forgot when i recieved the airbrush.
Really happy witht he way they've turned out, going to start building more random VF-1s which are rarely seen of completely non-canon.
Tuesday, 23 February 2010
Revell Y-wing Wip
Did a very quick job of adding a little something to the Y-wing. Used the gundam markers to add some kill marks and the red which i added at random, did'nt do anything special as this only being a practice model, only idea i had was that i wanted it to have red like some of the pre-production model of the y-wing ie seen.
Added silver scratch marks aswell but they've seemed to somewhat dissappear about 20 minutes after being applyed.
Nest to to add a heavy wash of the Promodellers wash which i always enjoy, should really dirty it up for that real world original trilogy style.
Saturday, 20 February 2010
Would you like some paint with that Y-wing
First attempt with the airbrush, lots of paint. Figured this out after i painted the entire model was the super high pressure i'd been blasting the paint with. Meant to have the pressure from the compressor around 1.5 to 2 psi when doing a normal coat of paint, i had it around the 8/9 mark.
Truble was aswell was that trying to get to tiny spot i'd miss i'd end up going over a part i had already been heavily again and again. Still quite a nice over all finish that i could'nt really get with a paint brush.
Still learn from the mistakes, got plenty of models to mess up with.
Revell Y-wing built and ready to be airbrushed.
Very quick model to build, ready to go in under half an hour.
Finally got to use the tamiya masking tape to mask what is was intended for, the masking took the most time but i think it turned out okay.
Getting airbrushing very soon.
Tuesday, 16 February 2010
Vallejo Model Air - New acrylics for the airbrush.
Big fan of acrylics and after some research discovered these Model Air paints from Vallejo which i always thought made paint for wargaming.
Started with the basic colour set and if they work out i'll buy a few more. Also got soe thinner just in case and got some cleaner on the way.
Great little feature is how they come in a eyedropper, hopefully no spills with these.
Will be trying them out tomorrow i hope.
Sunday, 14 February 2010
Unwanted models for airbrush practice.
These are a bunch of kit which i never really intended to build inless for some sort of practice beccause there either out of scale of lack detail.
Revell Y-wing - Is a non-scale model which i bought long time ago but never got around to building, looks quite toy like with it being pre-painted and snap-fit.
Revell 1/144 Fulcrum - Very much under-scale for 1/144, good practice using that for the beautiful blue hues Russian planes have.
Revell Jedi Starfigther - Never realised i had this one, going to build but proablie won't bother painting such a small thing, also non-scale.
Revell 1/144 F-117 Stealth Fighter - Real cheap kit i picked up 99p, which ive read is lacking alot of detail and is somewhat in-accurate.
Bandai 1/144 Nousjadeul Ger - Overy 20 year old kit which really ain't up to much.
LS 1/144 F-15 - Started this one but it ain't all that good but hoping that i make something decent from it as its one of the most beautiful fighter ever.
Saturday, 13 February 2010
Got me an airbrush (only took me about 5 years).
Went ahead and got me one of these which ive been wanting for years. Never really had a look at the price of these set-ups but ti turns out that the the price ain't all the at bad. For £100 i got all the gear i need to get started.
This received aload of bits and pieces which i can't quite figure out if i'll need. Got 2 airbrushes, the one below is the one i reckon i will be using the most. Its the type i see alot of modellers using on blogs and in the video tutorials ive watched on youtube, great way to learn watching them.
Just ordered some paints, never really thought abut it before but the paint i mostly use from Citadel are not to be used in the airbrush as there acrylics. The acrylics glop up inside airbrushes, which then make the unusable except Vallejos which i plan on using.
Itching to us this.
Thursday, 11 February 2010
"I need a King. Kingu, Kingu - Overman King Gainer - YEAH!!"
Do the monkey! Basically the main reason i watched the great anime was because of the quality intro, got to be one of my all time favorite. I mean you got Yoshiki Fukuyama providing the awesome song to the female characters dancing along doing the monkey. Genius.
I mean check the intro out, once i discovered it, i got addicted.
Not much more to say except that i enjoy it and it entertained me. Really like the hcracter design, nice soft features. Very happy for a Yoshiyuki Tomino anime, no main or secondary chracter die, which i think is a first for me with his work.
Animation level goes from very good, to quite bad, example being episode 18 which looked like it been sub-contracted to a cheeper animation studio, which is a shame as its distracting.
Saturday, 6 February 2010
Macross DYRL? 1/144 Strike Valkyrie VF-1S - Roy Focker -
Last valkyrie up for Skull Squadron is the very cool strike version piloted by the drinking, smoking, womaniser, mans man Roy Focker.
Friday, 5 February 2010
Macross DYRL? 1/144 Super Valkyrie VF-1A - Maximilian Jenius -
Finale VF-1A in Skull Sqaudron, the blue ace Maximilian Jenius. My personal favorite, think because the blue is a colour that really goes perfect with the white of the valk.
Thursday, 4 February 2010
Macross DYRL? 1/144 Super Valkyrie VF-1A - Hayao Kakizaki -
Next up is the steak lovin everyman poor Hayao Kakizaki, who in Do you remember Love? get a nice green livary instead of the very cannon fodder light brown in the Tv series.
Until next de-culture!
Wednesday, 3 February 2010
Macross DYRL? 1/144 Super Valkyrie VF-1A - Hikaru Ichijyo -
The first super-parts Do you remember love? valkyrie from the Skull Squadron i finished before Christmas but only just photographed. Will be hoping to post every valk one day after another unless of course i forget.
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By FRANK JOTZO | The Climate Change Authority¡¯s latest report outlining a recommended climate policy ¡°toolkit¡± is a reflection of what is seen by many as politically feasible in Australia now.
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Inspiredtravelling.com was registered on Melbourne IT on 04 May 2016. The site just started on social networks. It has
The site is hosted in United States by InMotion Hosting, Inc.. The webmasters of the website can be contacted at . The domain for the website was purchased through Melbourne IT on 04 May 2016 (1 year ago) and will expire in 11 months 21 days.
Domain Name: INSPIREDTRAVELLING.COM Registrar: MELBOURNE IT, LTD. D/B/A INTERNET NAMES WORLDWIDE Sponsoring Registrar IANA ID: 13 Whois Server: whois.melbourneit.com Referral URL: Name Server: NS.INMOTIONHOSTING.COM Name Server: NS2.INMOTIONHOSTING.COM Status: ok Updated Date: 04-may-2016 Creation Date: 04-may-2016 Expiration Date: 04-may-2017 Domain Name: inspiredtravelling.com Registry Domain ID: 2025976948_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.melbourneit.com Registrar URL: Updated Date: 2016-05-04T21:39:18Z Creation Date: 2016-05-04T21:39:28Z Registrar Registration Expiration Date: 2017-05-04T21:39:28Z Registrar: Melbourne IT Ltd Registrar IANA ID: 13 Registrar Abuse Contact Email: Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +61.386242300 Domain Status: ok Registry Registrant ID: Registrant Name: M J Registrant Organization: NA Registrant Street: NPH Registrant City: Jodhpur Registrant State/Province: Unknown Registrant Postal Code: 342003 Registrant Country: IN Registrant Phone: +91.33758137386 Registrant Phone Ext: Registrant Fax: Registrant Fax Ext: Registrant Email: Registry Admin ID: Admin Name: M J Admin Organization: NA Admin Street: NPH Admin City: Jodhpur Admin State/Province: Unknown Admin Postal Code: 342003 Admin Country: IN Admin Phone: +91.33758137386 Admin Phone Ext: Admin Fax: Admin Fax Ext: Admin Email: Registry Tech ID: Tech Name: M J Tech Organization: NA Tech Street: NPH Tech City: Jodhpur Tech State/Province: Unknown Tech Postal Code: 342003 Tech Country: IN Tech Phone: +91.33758137386 Tech Phone Ext: Tech Fax: Tech Fax Ext: Tech Email: Name Server: NS.INMOTIONHOSTING.COM Name Server: NS2.INMOTIONHOSTING.COM DNSSEC: unsigned URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System:
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Which elements of Tragedy make Shakespeare's tragedies excellent or superior?
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When you ask about the aspects of "Tragedy" utilized by Shakespeare, it seems necessary to consult the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who originally defined the term in his treatise Poetics. Though Aristotle was writing about the Greek tragedies (such as Oedipus Rex) of his day, we assume that Shakespeare used Aristotle's definition and the tragedies of the Ancient Greek theatre as his models for tragedies such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Othello, Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra and King Lear.
Here is Aristotle's definition of a Tragedy, as reprinted by Enotes:
Tragedy is a representation of a serious, complete action which has magnitude, in embellished speech, . . .[represented] by people acting and not by narration; accomplishing by means of pity and terror the catharsis of such emotions.
Of these elements, many would argue that the ones that make Shakespeare's tragedies excellent or superior are his use of "embellished speech" or, in Shakespeare's case, iambic pentameter, and the "accomplish[ment] by means of pity and terror the catharsis [for the resolution] of such emotions."
Shakespeare's language, the words and phrases that he invented that we have incorporated as part of our everyday speech -- the many, many famous lines spoken by characters such as Hamlet, King Lear, Romeo, Othello, Iago, Juliet, Macbeth, and Lady Macbeth -- show that, even though Shakespeare wrote his plays over 400 years ago, their "embellished speech" is of such superiority and excellence, that some of it is common everyday parlance here in the 21st century.
The "pity and terror" leading to "catharsis" which is experienced as a suitable resolution by the audience viewing a tragedy by Shakespeare can be attested to today as well. The superiority and excellence of Shakespeare's tragedies have been demonstrated in that, as Enotes says, they have:
. . .been translated into many languages and performed on amateur and professional stages throughout the world. Radio, television, and film versions of the plays in English, German, Russian, French, and Japanese have been heard and seen by millions of people. . . . Novelists and dramatists such as Charles Dickens, Bertolt Brecht, William Faulkner, and Tom Stoppard, [have been] inspired by Shakespeare's plots, characters, and poetry. . .. A large and flourishing Shakespeare industry exists in England, America, Japan, and Germany, giving evidence of the playwright's popularity among scholars and the general public alike.
This amazing and ongoing world-wide popularity of the works of this playwright from 16th century England, is a testament to what a superior and moving experience these plays are for audiences all the world over. People from any culture, any background, find meaning in experiencing the journeys of characters in Shakespeare's tragedies. Characters such as Hamlet, Macbeth and King Lear provide the audience the necessary "pity and terror" that lead to "catharis." They have done so for over 400 years, and we can only assume that they will continue to do so into future generations.
For more on Aristotle's Poetics and his definition of Tragedy, as well as more on William Shakespeare the Dramatist and words/phrases he coined, please follow the links below.


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Flooring Showroom in Madison, WI
Flooring is a large part of every home or business remodel. Depending on the atmosphere you're trying to create, the material you choose can make or break the final product. However, you don't have to shop for new floors on your own. Instead, team up with a flooring showroom committed to your success.
Bring beautiful floors to any project you undertake with help from America's most trusted wholesaler. ProSource of Madison is your local source for discount floors of every kind. From carpet and hardwood to tile and vinyl, we carry many popular materials at the lowest prices around. Visit our flooring showroom in Madison, WI, to see what's in stock now and meet with our friendly team.
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Quick Details
- Fuel: Gas / Diesel
- Displacement: 150cc
- Engine Type: 4 Stroke
- Transmission Type: Automatic
- Transmission System: Chain Drive
- Certification: ECE
- Brand Name: Kaxa Motos
- Place of Origin: Zhejiang, China (Mainland)
- Model Number: KXB-30
Packaging & Delivery
|Packaging Details
|Standard Export Packing.
|Delivery Time
|25 Days
The buggy has EEC & COC approved for on road legal use in Europe.
Engine Type: 150cc, single cylinder, 4-stroke, air cooling, Automatic with reverse
Rating Power: 6.5kw/7500rpm
Max Torque: 10.5N.m/4500rpm
Transmission Mode: Chain drive
Tank Capacity/Fuel: 6L/Unleaded gasoline above No.90
Start: Electric start
Battery: 12v.9Ah
Max. Speed: 65km/h
Front/Rear Wheel: 1310/960mm
Front/Rear Tyre: 21x7-10/22x11-10
Front/Rear Brake: Hydraulic disk brakes
Wheelbase: 1885mm
N.W./G.W.: 225/328Kg
Max Load Capacity: 160kg
Overall Vehicle Size: 2450 x 1510 x 1580mm
Carton Size: 2300 x 1460 x 855mm
1 x 20'ft container: 8pcs
1 x 40'hq container: 24pcs
Transaction History of the Supplier
Below is the information about the supplier's transactions conducted via Alibaba.com. If you require further details regarding the transaction data, please contact the supplier directly.
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Tuesday, May 19, 2009
Day at the Zoo
We're on staycation this week, and yesterday we visited the Kansas City Zoo. Lillian took her camera and got some good shots (the first two of the gibbon and the tortoises are hers; she likes taking frames with preset borders). We're going to Worlds of Fun tomorrow.
Posted by Kari at 7:49 PM 2 comments:
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In this summer semester, I am holding a lecture on the topic of "Network Simulation".
After some initial delay, I am getting along better with the work… the exercises for the students are going to be published on the day of the lecture, the next exercise is already progressing… well it seems like I finally will find some time to start thinking about my master thesis.
Plan is to finish the proposal this week, so that I can "negotiate" with my professor about the contents (how much things should be included) as soon as possible. And then I should get going… time is running out!!!
(BTW: I haven't forgot to write the last articles about my Japan trip… I just haven't found any motivation sadly 😦 )


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SATV News Stories
Fort to honor the American cowboy July 22
Fort Concho will celebrate National Cowboy Day Saturday, July 22, with a hearty chuckwagon breakfast, a mock shoot-'em-up, and authentic cowboy music.
Dorothy Douthit's Fiddle Fire Chuck Wagon will serve a classic cowboy breakfast at 8 a.m. That will be followed by performances by the re-enactors of the Concho Cowboy Company and by western music led by Douthit, an accomplished fiddler. All of the festivities will be in the Barracks 5-6 Courtyard on Henry O. Flipper Street on the fort's northeast corner. Fort Concho is at 630 S. Oakes St.
Created 15 years ago to honor the heritage of an American icon, National Cowboy Day is marked in many western states. Fort Concho has hosted the local celebration for more than 10 years.
The tasty breakfast of sausage, eggs, biscuits, hash browns, juice and coffee costs $10. Seniors and military will be charged $9 and Fort Concho members $8. Tickets are on sale at the fort's Barracks 1 Visitor Center. A limited number will be available at the event.
There is no charge for the entertainment by the award-winning Concho Cowboy Company and Douthit.
After the program the American Plains Artists Show will be opened in the Barracks 6 gallery.
"Cowboys are among the best-loved American figures," Fort Concho Manager Bob Bluthardt said, "and they played a key role in the development of San Angelo and West Texas. On National Cowboy Day, in one morning, you can eat like a cowboy, enjoy some cowboy entertainment and view some inspiring artwork that portrays many western themes, including cowboys."
For more information, call Fort Concho at 325-481-2646.
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Tickets still available at https://t.co/Kbz4OiOx3p. @skilletmusic in #SanAngelo Saturday night. https://t.co/KIiR75V5f3
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Now through 5 p.m. https://t.co/uce8oAPdHr


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If you haven't received a free copy of the AOL software by now, you're the one person they missed. AOL routinely sends out free CDs with its software. Sometimes it's stuck in a magazine, sometimes with your newspaper, sometimes it comes on its own.
However, if you didn't have a computer before or weren't interested in AOL when you got it, the chances are good you tossed it in the trash (or made a drink coaster out of it). So, what do you do now?