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Tyabji, J.
1. Section 28(2) of the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920, (which corresponds in its relevant part with the Presidency-towns Insolvency Act, 1909, Section 14) requires leave of the Court to commence suits, It runs :
On the making of an order of adjudication,...no creditor to whom the insolvent is indebted in respect of any debt provable under this Act shall daring the pendency of the insolvency proceedings have any remedy against the property of the insolvent in respect of the debt, or commence any suit or other legal proceeding, except with the leave of the Court and on such terms as the Court may impose.
2. If a suit is commenced without the leave of the Court is it imperative on the Court to dismiss the suit So it was argued by Mr. Coyajee for the defendant. He contended that the view taken by Mr. Justice Davar in In re Dwarkadas Tejbhandas I.L.R. (1915)Bom. 235 : 17 Bom. L.R. 925. was that once the suit had been brought without leave obtained, no course was open to the Court but to dismiss the suit; and that that decision had been followed in Ghouse Khan v. Bala SubbaRowther I.L.R. (1927) Mad. 833 and Ponnusami v. Kaliaperumal A.I. R. [1929] Mad. 480
3. The decisions on the point refer to several allied questions which it is convenient to distinguish at the start :-
4. First, the question with which I have deal is does failure to obtain leave of the Court under Section 28(2) necessitate that the suit be dismissed or has the Court the option of takingsome other step, either as a sanction for enforcing obedience to Section 28(2) or otherwise, for giving effect to the intention of the legislature? Can the suit be merely stayed ?
5. Secondly, power is given to the Court to stay the suit under Section 29 of the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920, on proof that an adjudication order has been made. That section is as follows:-
Any Court in which a suit or other proceeding is pending against a debtor shall, on proof that an order of adjudication has been made against him tinder this Act, either stay theproceeding; or allow it to continue on such terms as such Court may impose.
6. Does this indicate any priority in time between (a) the commencement of the suit, and (b) the making of the adjudication order Does it imply that the powers unders. 29 are to be exercised only if the suit is commenced first and the adjudication order made afterwards Section 29 gives powers to the Court (other than the Insolvency Court) in which a suit is pending against the debtor. The powers to the Insolvency Court are contained in Section 28(2). Has the Insolvency Court powers similar to those conferred by Section 29 ?
7. Thirdly, has the Court any power to stay the suit, except on an application by a creditor for leave to commence a suit? or can the power to stay be exercised at other times or on other occasions(a) Suppose leave to sue has once been granted and the suit commenced, can the Court subsequently stay the suit or otherwise exercise any powers under Section 29 or (b) suppose the suit has been instituted without leave, and then an application is made to stay, can the Court then stayor (c) suppose that the suit was instituted before insolvency proceedings were commenced, (so that leave to sue could not have been asked for under the Insolvency Act), is it necessary subsequently when Insolvency proceedings are commenced to obtain leave for proceeding with the suitor may such a suit be proceeded with without leave, though an adjudication order is made while the suit is pendingcan the Court on the application of another party stay such a pending suit ?
8. The matters mentioned thirdly are really covered by, and are merely new forms of or illustrations of the first two questions.
9. It must not be overlooked that in the majority of cases the plaintiff is not concerned which of the two alternatives-stay ordismissal is adopted against him : see e.g., Bheraji Samrathji v. Vasantrao(1928) 31Bom. L.R. 981 If the suit is not allowed to proceed, it is (in the majority of cases) as good as dismissed. The distinction be-comes important in a case, where (as in the present case) the adjudication order is annulled, or where there is a question of limitation or of incurring the costs of a fresh suit merely in order to obtain leave at the institution of the fresh suit. The English cases direct attention to the question whether the debt was provable under the Insolvency Act, or there was some such right in the plaintiif as entitled him to bring the suit and whether he would have been given leave if he had applied for it at the time of commencing the suit.
10. Section 29 of the Provincial Insolvency Act is for the present purposes identical with Section 18(S) of the Presidency-townsInsolvency Act, 1909: and both are similar to Section 10 of the EnglishBankruptcy Act, 1883 (46 & 47 Vic. c. 52), which is reproduced Sections 8 and 9 of the Bankruptcy Act, 1916 (4 & 5 Geo. V. c. 58).
11. Section 7 of the Bankurptcy Act 1916 corresponding to Section 9 of the Act of 1883, and to Section 28(8) of the Provincial Insolvency Act, provides that on the making of a receiving order 'no creditor to whom the debtor is indebted in respect of any debt provable in bankruptcy shall have any remedy against the property or person of the debtor in respect of the debt, or shall commence any action or other legal proceedings unless with leave of the Court and on such terms as the Court may impose.' And under Section 10(2) of the Bankruptcy Act
The Court may at any time after the presentation of a bankruptcy petition stay any action, execution or other legal process against the property or person of the debtor and any Court in which proceedings are pending against the debtor may on proof that a bankruptcy petition has been presented by or against the debtor either stay the proceedings or allow them to continue on such terms as it may think just.
12. Section 171 of the Indian Companies Act (VII of 1913) provides that when a winding up order has been made no suit or other legal proceeding shall be proceeded with or commenced against the company except by leave of the Court and subject to such terms as the Court may impose.
13. With reference to the question secondly mentioned by me above, it may be noted that the section last referred to,-which corresponds to the English Companies (Consolidation) Act 1908, (8 Edw. VII, c. 69), Section 142; and to Section 87 of the Companies Act of 1862,-explicitly applies to (a) continuing proceedings in regard to a suit already commenced before the winding up order, as well as to (b) the commencement of fresh proceedings after the adjudication order: cf. Section 29 of the Provincial Insolvency Act.
14. Section 28(2) of the Provincial Insolvency Act, with which I am primarily concerned, does not lay down what shall be the consequences of not obtaining leave at the time of instituting the suit.
15. It was argued for the plaintiff that those consequences must correspond to the powers to be exercised by the Court when an application for leave is made; that the consequences arise from a conflict with the powers of the Court; that the consequences must conform to the object with which those powers are initiallyconferred on the Court; that a 28(2) is complemented by Section 29; that the former must be read in the light of the latter; that if so read it becomes clear that, though the law requires that at the very time when the suit is brought, leave of the Court must be obtained (so that the Court might either order the suit to be stayed or permit it to proceed to terms), yet, by analogy, in case the suit is, by oversight or otherwise, brought without leave obtained, the power of the Court to grant a stay is not taken away, and that that power may be exercised at any time during the pendency of the suit; that, on the other hand, the omission of the plaintiff to apply for leave does not either enhance the powers of the Court or restrict them so as to enable it, or compel it, to dismiss the suit.
16. This latter seems to have been the basis of the manner in which the question was argued before the Court of appeal in Mahomed Haji Essack v. Abdul Rahiman I.L.R. (1916) Bom. 312 : 18 Bom. L.R. 198 In the suit out of which that appeal arose, leave had not been obtained prior to its commencement. Leave was subsequently obtained. Later, an application was made to Macleod J. to stay the suit. Stay was granted, In appeal the argument on behalf of the plaintiff was that Macleod J., having once given leave to proceed with the suit, had no jurisdiction to grant the stay. It does not appear to have been contended on behalf of the insolvent, either before Macleod J. or the Court of appeal, that the suit ought not to be merely stayed, but ought to be dismissed, inasmuch as it had been instituted without obtainingleave, that the Court had no option to do otherwise. Scott C.J., delivering the judgment in the Court of appeal, relied upon Brownscombe v.Fair (1887) 58 L.T.N.S .85 and referred to Section 10 of the English Bankruptcy Act. That section, as I have already said, is in terms practically identical with Section 29 of the Provincial Insolvency Act and s 18(3) of thePresidency towns Insolvency Act, The section of the English Act, the Chief Justice pointed out, was held to be (p. 314) 'wide enough to justify a stay of proceedings in an action which was not pending at the time of the order of adjudication.' The question was only incidentally argued as to what the Court is empowered to do where a suit has been commenced without obtaining leave in contravention of Section 28(2).
17. The decision in Mahomed Haji Essack's case, therefore, calls for examination in detail because of the implications in it. The suit out of which it arose was commenced without leave. Leave was given by Macleod J, on a later date, In the Court of appeal, it was, to begin with, assumed (as is indeed beyond dispute) that the Court has power to stay a suit which is instituted when insolvency proceedings are pending, namely, where an order of adjudication is made and then a suit is instituted. As the next step, the question was dealt with, whether the Court can grant a stay in the converse case, viz., if the adjudication is made after the suit is instituted, can the suit be stayed in such a case This question was answered in the affirmative.
18. When the question lastly referred to is raised the facts that are assumed to exist imply either (a) that the suit had been commenced without obtaining leave or (b) that leave had been obtained, and the suit is sought to be stayed in spite of it.
19. If the first alternative (a) is adopted, it raises the question with which I am now concerned : Whether a suit commenced without the necessary leave can at all be allowed to proceed. Must it invariably be dismissed, or may it be merely stayed ?
20. If the latter alternative (b) is adopted, the question arises whether the Court having once exercised its powers unders. 28(2), its powers are exhausted, or whether it can exercise them again Having once given leave to bring the suit, can it again exercise its powers of staying the suit ?
21. The facts before the Court of appeal in Mahomed Hnji Essack v. Abdul Rahiman fell in a way under both alternatives. This may seem paradoxical. But the facts were these. The suit was instituted on May 28, 1915. Leave was obtained only on June 2, 1915. (So far alternative (a) is indicated). On July6, 1915, the very Judge who had given leave said that he would have refugedleave if he had known the facts: he did not even then dismiss the suit on the ground that it was initially bad because it was commenced on May 28, 1915, without leave. He merely stayed the suit. The Court of appeal confirmed the stay; though Macleod J.'s orders were vigorously attacked no one argued that leave could not have been granted on June 2 in respect of a suit commenced without leave on May 28. All that was argued was that the power could not be exercised a second time: that leave once granted could not be revoked so as to stay the suit: no distinction was made between the two aspects (a) and (b) in which the question may present itself.
22. Neither in Mahomed v. Abdul Rahim nor in Brownscombe's case was the point taken that the Court must dismiss an action which has been brought without leave obtained. Macleod J. is reported have similarly given leave under Section 171 of the IndianCompanies Act though the suit had been commenced without leave: In re Dwarkadas Tejbhandas I.L.R. (1915) Bom.235 : 17 Bom. L.R. 925
23. The facts in Brownscombe's case were as follows. The plaintiff had commenced the action without leave of the Court. (See Mr. Herbert Reed's argument for the defendant), The plaintiff had thereafter obtained from the Master and the sitting Judge in chambers leave to proceed with the action. The insolvent appealed to the Divisional Court, He contended that leave ought not to have been given. The Divisional Court discharged the order giving leave It held that there was no special ground why the action should be allowed to proceed and ordered that it should be stayed. It was not argued on behalf of the insolvent either before the Master or the sitting Judge in chambers or before the Divisional Court that inasmuch as leave had not been obtained at the time of commencing the action, it was initially defective; that the defect could not be cured at a later stage; that the only course then open to the Court was to dismiss the action. On the contrary till the matter came to the Divisional Court the plaintiff succeeded in getting leave to proceed with an action which had been commenced without leave. It was only in the Divisional Court that an order adverse to the plaintiff was made; and the order was for stay, not for dismissal.
24. Similarly, in Blount v. Whitely(1898) 6 Man. Bank Cas. 48 there was no question of leave having been obtained, inasmuch as the plaintiff contended that leave was not necessary. The debtor applied that the action (which had been brought without leave) should be merely stayed under Section 9 of the Bankruptcy Act, 1883. Grantham J, refused even that application. The Court of Appeal does no more than stay the action ' in accordance with the provisions of Section 9 of the Bankruptcy Act.' Though the head-note and the arguments speak of ' a bar to the action,' all that is meant, and all the Court does, is to stay the action. It does not dismiss it.
25. The effect of these two cases is thus stated in Halsburys Laws of England Vol. II (firstedn., p. 63, second edn., p. 90): ' Similar actions which are commenced after the receiving order without leave of the Court may/will be stayed.'
26. There is a third case decided in England-In re Warzer, Limited[1891] 1 Ch. 305-which is very much in point. Its applicability is, however, obscured by two facts:-(1) the proceedings, the validity of which was in question, consisted of a Scotch landlord's petition forsequestration, commenced and prosecuted before the Sheriff's Courts at Glasgow; (2) the Court was acting not under the Bankruptcy Act, but under the Companies Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vic. c. 89), These two obstacles can, however, be eliminated. The Scotch sequestration proceedings were held by North J, to fall within the meaning of the word sequestration ins. 163 of the Companies Act, 1862, Secondly, that section-section 163-(set out on p. 310 of the report) lays down (among other things) that 'when any company is being wound up by the Court or subject to the supervision of the Court, any sequestration after the commencement of the winding up shall be void to all intents,' Thirdly, Section 87 of the Companies Act, 1862, on which the main decision ultimately depended is for the present purposes (subject to an immaterial distinction with which I shall deal later) identical in terms with the relevant provisions of Section 171 of the Indian Companies Act, 1913, and with Section 28(2) of the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920, which I have to enforce.
27. These being the statutory provisions, I must advert to a fourth point which strengthens the view that I ultimately take. The landlord commenced a proceeding which Section 163 declares to be ' void to all intents.' Nevertheless, it has been held in England through a long series of cases commencing in 1864 with In re The Exhall Coal Mining Co.Limited (1864) 4 G. J. & Sm. 377 that Section 163 must be read subject to the provisions of Section 87, with the result that the Court is held to have power to authorise even a sequestration falling under s.163,-a sequestration which is declared to be 'void to all intents.' This part of the decision is questioned, but nevertheless followed, in 1887, by the Court of Appeal in ln re Lancashire Cotton Spinning Co.(1887) 35 Ch. D. 656 But this doubt does not cloud the point that I have to decide for this reason. Certain proceedings are by Statute declared to be void to all intents; other proceedings are allowed subject to leave. The Court of Appeal in 1887 merely doubted whether TurnerC.J.'s reasoning in 1864 can apply to proceedings which the statute declares shall be void to all intents (per CottonC.J., p. 661). It was not doubted that Turner C.J.'s reasoning must apply to proceedings which had not been so declared void, but which were merely made subject to leave being obtained. The point that I have to consider refers to a proceeding which is allowed subject to leave and is not declared void, CottonC.J.'s criticism does not touch Turner C.J.'s reasoning in referace to such proceedings. On the other hand all authorities agree with TurnerC. J. unquestioningly so far as points like the present are concerned.
28. Adverting to Wanzer's case so far only as it is relevant to the facts before me, North J. says on p, 213:-' Therefore it comes to this-that the proceeding is one which is not to be commenced or proceeded with without the sanction of the Court: and the Court has not given any sanction.' This proceeding (as appears from the sections I have cited) was exactly analogous, in respect of leave of the Court not having been obtained, to a suit brought without leave unders. 28(2) of the Provincial Insolvency Act, The consequences of such omission ought to have been, if anything, more drastic, because the Statute declared such a proceeding void to all intents, Nevertheless North J, holds that 'it must still be open to the landlord to apply to the Court for leave to proceed under the 87th section '; and he directs his attention to the question whether if the application had been made, leave would have been granted, He concludes : ' that if the landlord had, before commencing these proceedings, asked for leave to take proceedings by way of sequestration, the Court would have given him leave to do so,' He does not dismiss the proceedings. He does not even stay them. His order is that leave be given to proceed upon terms.
29. I must, however, clear up a point to which I alluded when I stated that the section which North J. was considering (viz. Section 87 of the English Companies Act, 1862) was, subject to an immaterial distinction, identical with Section 28(2) of the Provincial Insolvency Act. The distinction is this, Section 87 expressly provides that no suit, action or other proceeding shall be (a) proceeded with, or (b) commenced, except with leave of the Court; whereas Section 28(2) does not contain words ' proceeded with or.' It may appear at first eight, from the prohibition in Section 87 against proceeding with a suit without leave, that it is implied that with leave obtained after institution, a suit (which was originally instituted without leave) may be proceeded with. In other words it may be considered that Section 87 impliedly provides for proceeding with a suit which is initially defective, the defect being that leave which ought to have been obtained prior to instituting it has not been obtainedwhereas in Section 28(2) there is no such implication because of the absence of the words ' shall be proceeded with.' If the two sections are distinguishable on this ground then the decision in Wanzer'a case can be of little assistance. But the answer to this objection appears if reference is made to the last of the three questions which I have mentioned at the commencement ofthis judgment, and if the supposition marked (c) and Section 29 of the Provincial Insolvency Act are considered. The provision about proceeding with a suit in Section 87 is intended to provide for a suit which is instituted before bankruptcy proceedings have commencedand for which consequently no leave was needed at the time of its institution. To interpret the section otherwise would give no effect to the prohibition against commening a suit without leave.
30. I have already referred to the fact that Section 142 of the Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, and Section 87 of its predpcessor the Companies Act of 1862 are in effect similar to the section I have to consider and to the Indian Companies Act 1913, Section 171. There are numerous decisions in England under the Companies Acts. Yet no case has been pointed out in which the Court has considered itself bound under these sections to dismiss an action because leave was not obtained at its commencement. The Court has merely refused to give leave to proceed. I note one of these cases: Ball v. Old Telargoch Land MiningCompany (1876) 3 Ch. D. 749 There a shareholder was ignorant of winding up resolutions having been passed. He commenced-of course without leave-an action against the company and thedirect Rs. praying for rescission of the contract to take shares on the ground of misrepresentation and for repayment and indemnity. Leave was given to proceed with the action. Indeed the liquidator who applied for stay was ordered to pay the costs.
31. It seems to me that these cases are very strong confirmation of the view which I should be inclined to take of the wording of a 28 that it does not require the suit to be dismissed, but by implication gives power either to stay the suit or allow it to be proceeded with on terms; that these powers may be exercised at a stage later than the commencement of the suit, should the suit have already been commenced without leave, The powers of the Court are not lost, nor are they enlarged, nor altered, because no leave was obtained. The Court may exercise the powers that the section gives to it at any stage, though ordinarily they would be exercised at the commencement of the suit.
32. The view I have taken is no doubt opposed to that of Davar J. in In re Dwarkadas TejbhandasI.L.R. (1915) Bom. 235 17 Bom. L.R. 925 I am, however, supported by the decision of the Court of appeal in Mahomed Haji Essack v. Abdul Rahim and Fawcett J.'s decision in Bheraji Samrathji v. Vasantrao(1928) 31 Bom. L.R. 981 Davar J. admitted the hardship of the decision hewas giving. The facts before him exemplified it. But he declined to consider the English cases saying that it was futile to invoke the assistance of cases decided under the provisions of other laws of another country. The other laws, as is clear on reading the statutes, are identical in terms with the provisions of the Indian Acts. As to the proper course to be followed in such circumstances I am not without directions from the highest tribunal. In I879 the Judicial Committee held that where a colonial legislature has passed an Act in the same terms as an Imperial Statute and the latter has beenauthority construed by the Court of Appeal in England, such construction should be adopted by the Courts of the colonies: they must yield to the high authority of the Court of Appeal: Trimble v.Hill (1879) 5 App. Cas. 342 It is true that in a later case their Lordships laid down, what is perhaps not a slight modification, that: 'When an appellate Court in a Colony which is regulated by English law differs from an appellate Court in England, it is not right to assume that the Colonial Court is wrong. It is otherwise if the authority in England is that of the House of Lords.' This remark refers to an appellete Court in a Colony.
33. The remarks of Wallace J. in Ponusami v. Kaliaperumal A.I.R. (1929) Mad. 480 on which the defendant relies-a case in which, as in the present case, the adjudication order had been annulled-are very emphatic. He said (p 481):-
No doubt, as was recognized, this may work hardship in certain cases, for example, where the plaintiff is ignorant of the insolvency proceedings altogether. But after all, the Gazette notification of insolvency is presumed to be notice to all the creditors and they cannot be heard to plead want of notice Of ignorance On the other hand unless this strict reading of the section is adopted there will be great embarassment both to the insolvent and the Insolvency Court. All the creditors could file suits without leave and maintain that the Court should keep these pending until the insolvency proceedings had come to an end on the ground that the initial bar would then be removed. That would be practically overriding Section 28. The insolvent is entitled to the protection of the Court against the commencement of any such suit...The only suitwhich can be maintained is a suit which was instituted on leave given before its commencement. The present suit ought to have been dismissed in limine, and the plaintiff cannot claim now that be can continue it merely because the only order which could have been passed in it, namely, one of dismissal was not passed before the insolvency proceedings came to an end. I am, therefore, of opinion that the suit is not maintainable.
34. But, with great respect, there is no reason to apprehend any such desire on the part of the creditors of the insolvent to override s 28, That section is meant tosub serve the intersts of the insolvent's creditors as a body. Moreover, a 28 refers only to debts provable under the Act, and if any creditor prefers in respect of such debts to follow the coarse suggested by Wallace J,, instead of taking proceedings under Section 33 of the Act, he would find that the insolvent has under Section 44(2) been released from the debt for which a suit has been brought. Had the learned Judge's attention been drawn to the fact that insolvency proceedings do not always end in a nullification of the adjudcation order, and that the real object of obtaining leave to proceed, viz., that those matters should be allowed to proceed in Court which cannot be dealt with in insolvency proceedings, and had the principles on which leave is granted been brought to his notice, they might perhaps have furnished a reply to some of his difficulties.
35. Mahomed v. Abdul Rahim bears out the view which seems to me to be consonant with principle as to the object of the provision that leave shall be obtained before commencing proceedings. The object is that some suits should be allowed to be proceeded with, An instance is given in Brownscombe's case : 'such as where a case was at the time of the bankruptcy ripe for trial, in which the amount of the proof against the bankrupt's estate could not be seriously affected.' Again the insolvent may studiously conceal the adjudication order from a creditor, may omit the creditor's name form his schedule, and may allow him to bring a suit and to examine practically all his witnesses and then rely on the section: Umar Sharif v. Jwala Prasad (1924) 79 I.C. 662 In Mahomed v. Abdul Rahim it was apparently argued that leave to proceed should be given, so that a reprobate insolvent may be harassed by proceedings for arrest. Other instances are furnished by the cases in which leave to proceed has been given in England. These will be found in the commentaries on the Companies Act, 1908, Section 142, and Bankruptcy Act, 1914, Section 9. See, for example, Ex parte Coker: In reBlake (1875) 10 Ch. App. 652 Ex parte Isaacs: In re Baum(1878) 9 Ch. D. 271 and Ex parteSmith (1876) 2 Ch. D. 51 On the other hand, the suit would ordinarily be stayed if it would interfere with the Insolvency Court or other authority in insolvency exercising its powers under s 33 and similar provisions. Moreover, as I have already said, if the suit is stayed until furtherorder Rs. it may for practical purposes stand in the same position as if it had been dismissed.
36. There is no ground in my opinion, for holding that the Court's discretionary powers under Section 28(2) are taken away if once the suit has been commenced without leave of Court,
37. By the provision that no creditor shall commence & suit without leave of the Court, a creditor is enabled to obtain the directions of the Court before he commences his suit. He may save himself from incurring the futile costs of commencing a suit and then finding that the Court will not allow it to proceed. But for such a provision, Courts might have hesitated to express an anticipatory opinion on the hypothetical question whether if a suit were brought it would be permitted to be proceeded with or stayed. A creditor who fails to take advantage of this provision may inflict on himself costs that might have been spared.
38. In the result, I find that the decisions in England have uniformly adopted the view that the Court is empowered to stay a suit for which leave ought to have been, but has not been, obtained that it has never been suggested in England that the Court is imperatively required to dismiss such a suit. Had the legislature intended another result from its enactments, the practice resulting from erroneous interpretations of the enactments by the Courts in England would no doubt have been rectified by making the intention clearer in later legislation. This has not been done. Apart from the interpretation of the enactments, it has been conceded by the judges who have conceived themselves to be bound to dismiss such suits, that great hardship results from this view. No reasons based on canons of interpretation are mentioned for inferring from the prohibition against commencing a suit without leave, the necessary dismissal of a suit commenced without leave. No reasons seem to have occured to the counsel or judges in England who have argued or adjudicated upon similar cases. Such a contention seems never to have been put forward or considered in England.
39. Reasons are no doubt given by some Judges in India for deducing that a dismissal of the suit must result from omission to obtain the required leave,-even where the infringement of the enactment is innocent, and is incurred in ignorance of the existence of such insolvency proceedings as are necessary for the section to come into operation. The reasons are in the main that there must be some penalty for disregarding the directions of the legislature,I cannot help remembering a dictum of Bowen L.J. that Courts sit for administering justice and not for enforcing discipline, It is generally considered that breaches of the adjective law, unless they result in infringements of substantive rights, are sufficiently safeguarded by orders as regards costs, But should some case arise of a contumacious disregard of the rules of procedure, it seems to me that even for penalizingsuch contumacious conduct, staying the suit indefinitely (with orders regarding costs) may be no less effective than dismissing it.
40. On all these grounds, I think, it is best to follow the decisions in England, and to interpret the section as empowering the Court to stay (and not to dismiss) a suit which is commenced without leave of the Court after the making of an adjudication order.
41. In the present case it was admitted that unless I am bound to dismiss the suit for failure to obtain leave it must be allowed to be proceeded with. For the adjudication has in this case been annulled, and there is no other reason why there should be a stay of the suit, On taking into consideration the principles on which the Courts in England have been giving leave to proceed with actions to some of which I have alluded, I have do doubt that this suit must proceed.
42. With regard to costs, the plaintiff' has failed to follow the procedure laid down in s 28(2). It is not shown that the defendant was in any way guilty of preventing the plaintiff from knowing of the insolvency porceedings. In the absence of any evidence I must assume that he has not taken such care to inform himself of the position as he ought to have taken. The decision in In re Dwarkadas Tejbhandas is directly in favour of the defendant, I feel inclined, therefore, in the present case, to follow the order in In re Wanzer, where the creditor was made to pay the costs, rather than Hall v. Old Talargoch Co., where the costs were thrown on the defendant, or Pacaya Rubber and Produce Company, Limited, In re(1913) 1 Ch. 218 where the costs were made costs in the action The plaintiff will, therefore, pay to the defendant costs incurred by the defendant solely caused by the plaintiff's default in obtaining leave. Mr. Vakeel suggests that the plaintiff should be allowed to set off such costs against any costs he may be awarded in the decree, and this will be done.


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DS1 (16) is an habitual liar. Sigh.(27 Posts)
My otherwise charming and engaging DS has got into the habit of lying about everything, every little detail of his life. He is so bloody obvious when he is doing it he might as well walk around with a handbell. Nobody believes a word he says any more because it's so ubiquitous. I don't know what to do as I am fed up of expressing disgust. Anyone got any suggestions?
Why does he do this? Have you got to the bottom of that?
Is this lying to get out of trouble or just fantasy rubbish? I used to do this when I was about the same age - I was just trying out ideas and seeing what other people found interesting, amazing or awesome. I regularly made up extra (amazing) siblings for instance, and pretended my mother was Jewish.
I think he basically is doing it to get out of hassle, for example if I ask him whether he has finished packing his school bag, he just says 'yes', if I ask him if he has cleaned up his bedroom he says 'yes' etc etc. All normal teenage stuff. But then it goes on and on, lying about anything and everything, however routine - he lies about what he does in lessons, he lies about where he has put things of ours he has borrowed, he lies about where his own things are, he lies about money, he lies about minor household stuff, and this pretty much happens every single time he opens his mouth.
It came to a head recently when he completely fabricated his mock exam results and accepted praise when they were about two grades out from the official school ones (because he had done zero revision, and yes, he had lied about that too, on a daily basis). Then he lied elaborately over the last two weeks about attending Taekwondo with his friend, which he is supposed to be doing as part of his D of E bronze, something he volunteered for - basically he has just been cycling down to his late's house and hanging out there. He pretended he had his Taekwondo clothes on under his jeans and jumper (does he think I am stupid?) He even came back five minutes before the end of the putative Taekwondo session, let alone the 15 minutes travelling time (yes, he obviously thinks I am totally stupid). He lies about what he can and can't remember, he pretends he can't tell the time, he spends money on DH's credit card and lies that he didn't know what he was doing, he lies that he has met homework deadlines and school responsibilities. There is nothing he doesn't lie about, big or small.
The thing is, I am not a shouty parent or even a particularly demanding one, and I only chase him when absolutely necessary. And nearly all of the lies are so obvious I just say to him, "You have lied about that, haven't you?" and he says "Yes". I refuse to enable this, so I call his bluff a lot.
I have really called his bluff this time, and dobbed him to the D of E organiser, so he won't get his award now. Apart from anything else, he makes me look a right idiot half the time and I really had had enough.
But I still don't get why you would lie so much if there is so little in it for you.
No, can't say I get it either! Clearly he doesn't realise how easy it is to get these sort of lies busted. Has he always done this - or is it just teenage?
My only other thought is does he have any area that he excels in? Or is he just trying to get your praise by any means possible - even if that involves lying?
I was like that at 16.
I was really, really miserable, not confident at school, not confident with friendships, felt hugely under pressure from the parent I lived with, and couldn't find any way of articulating what was going on for me, even to myself.
That's probably not helpful, is it?
He has a bit of pressure in his life but less than many teens, I think. And he is popular with lots of friends, plus his teachers like him even though is lies a lot to them as well. I honestly think it is just some sort of very bad habit.
I think people would probably have said the same about me.
Objectively, there wasn't too much going wrong, but I didn't experience it like that and didn't know how to ask for help.
Am not excusing my or his behaviour, and am well aware of the teenage narcissicism and muddleheadedness at the root of it, but if he's lying about exam results that really isn't because of a bad habit, it's because he thinks he ought to have done better and can't face owning up to you or himself about what's gone wrong.
narcississicicissiccisssm? *narcissism
he spends money on your husband's credit card? Well, stop that straight away.
don't let him borrow anything. Let him take the consequences of not doing stuff.
tell him to stop insulting your intelligence - but also ask him why he is doing this, because it wastes everyone's time and will soon result in loss of friends.
Why are you asking him about his schoolbag and bedroom? He's more than old enough to look after (or not) both himself and take any consequences of not doing so. I'd let him get on with the DofE thing on that basis too. The exam thing is weird. He must know he'll get busted fairly quickly for that but even then I'd step back and let him get on with his exams or not on his own behalf and sink or swim with that.
How on earth has he got access to his dad's credit card? Change 'em pronto.
Seems to me it might be that he's feeling over-controlled even though you don't think you're hovering. Maybe try stepping back a bit?
He does have ADHD (inattentive type) so we have to supervise him with a light touch on organisation, otherwise he gets tied in knots. But really I got so cross with him last night I refused to cover his back any more unless he started being truthful. The D of E thing basically is a PE option at school and he chose it to get out of normal PE, but while he did do the hikes, he hasn't done most of the supporting stuff. But he will be back onto the normal PE schedule now, after my email, which will mean unpleasant consequences for having been lazy and then lied to me. I already covered for him once on condition he pulled up his socks. Which clearly he hasn't done.
WRT the credit card thing, I just dock his allowance to repay any money. He does have a 16+ bank account and associated debit card, and he gets £50 a month allowance, so it's not like he hasn't got the means to spend his own money, he just chooses not to and then gets told off. I did call him a bloody little thief last night though, as I think it's happened 5 times now.
I do think he was embarrassed about his exams. He's that narcissistic he thinks all doors will open for him regardless of any effort he puts in. DH and I sat him down at the weekend and said he needed to start thinking about a possible trade in case he doesn't get into VIth form college, so for example catering or hospitality or something - perfectly reasonable careers that worked well for his sister. He had a fit and went into a tailspin, but he doesn't connect failing to work with failing to be accepted on academic courses and needing to find a vocational alternative.
Did this too as reaction against overly ccontrolling parent...
I agree with Chivetalking. You don't need to be asking him if he's packed his school bag, surely. Maybe try saying "I know you haven't finished cleaning your room, it's fine, but can you please make sure you finish it at the weekend?"
You might not be a shouter, or even a demanding parent in your eyes, but are you a bit of a low level (dare I say it, for want of a better word,) nagger? I find myself doing this sometimes, and have to consciously make myself stop.
Maybe he's playing a game with you, and knows it annoys you and is trying to wind you up?
I don't understand it at all. I watched a program last night, though, where as a teenager, this girl had a massive tattoo on her entire chest area just to piss off her grandparents. Clearly, some teenagers will do illogical and bizarre things when they feel they are misunderstood, not allowed to express themselves or take responsibility for certain aspects of their lives.
Maybe he's depressed, and just can't motivate himself. Someone said he will end up losing friends over this, but unless I've missed something, I don't think he has been lying to his friends, has he?
Sorry, OP, didn't realise about the ADHD, and the implications this has for organisational skills when I posted.
This is true, he hasn't been lying to his friends. That's a good sign, isn't it? Indicates volition.
On reflection, I think he is probably lacking in motivation and yet very anxious about what his parents and school will think about him when he fails to do things that he knows he should.
I am not sure how to respond when it's higher stakes stuff. For example, her has just lost his season ticket - again - so I supplied him with my last passport photo of him, and £20, and told him to speak to the station supervisor about it. I adopted a tone of weary disgust and said ,"I suppose I will not get any change back from that £20, will I?" because so often he just hangs on to the change for things and then lies about how much they cost. Should I just have said, "Never mind, poor BoffinBoy, we'll sort you out?" I honestly don't know what's best, given that he does this 2-3 times a year (and sometimes we get sent steep fines from the rail company as he travels without it without realising until the inspector gets on, and then fails to tell us he has been fined).
Similarly he put off writing his personal statement for one of the post 16 places he is applying for - I helped him type up the first one which he was supposed to make a few adjustments to, but he just didn't bother and played computer games instead. We offered help early in the evening but he refused to do it. He came to me at my bedtime finally asking for help (something he does frequently in relation to lots of things), and I just told him it was too late as I was tired and going to bed, and he would just have to not apply or send the unedited version. He was a bit shocked when I said that, so his dad helped him (good cop to my bad cop) and I finished off his application the next day for his dad to post via Special Delivery so it would get there on time (they are both dyslexic so I acted as human spellcheck). I could have said, "That's fine, I will stay up late and do it," but that would not be acknowledging the fact that a) this sort of thing happens a lot, too much in fact, and b) he chose to play games all evening and not crack on with the application (he has been procrastinating for a whole month on it, in actual fact).
I suppose I am just conscious of the need to resist enabling some of his nonsense and to force him to face up to a few consequences. But maybe I am adopting the wrong tactic, I don't know.
In his defence there are no tattoos. His much older sister, on the other hand, loves the things, and to my eye looks like someone attacked her with a blue felt tip pen while she slept.
BoffinBoy is also strangely averse to alcohol, fags and wacky baccy, again unlike his sister who was rather wild, with his two vices apparently being drinking Monster and wrecking his teeth, and looking at pert female bottoms on the internet. We could have done a lot worse.
I think you sound like a bit of a pushover tbh.
I wouldn't have given him £20 when he lost his season ticket, he would've been paying out of his own allowance (ditto fines). Maybe the first time, but not given that it happens repeatedly.
And your DH was mad to help him with his application at bedtime, as he'd spent the evening playing games and refusing your help because the timing didn't suit him.
His repeated misuse of your credit card demonstrates utter contempt for you.
I just don't see any negative consequences for him (apart from the DofE thing, which is too little too late IMO).
The fact that he doesn't lie to his friends speaks volumes - he values their good opinion and wouldn't like the consequences of pissing them off.
Interesting. I don't disagree with you, actually.
I gave him the £20 as I docked February's allowance in its entirety to repay the game purchase. Otherwise he couldn't have gone to school, or we would have been fined by the rail company. I could quite easily add the £20 to the deductions from March's allowance, but we get into the position where he has literally no money for anything all of the time (this has happened before). It's as though he can't make the connection between the misdemeanour and the punishment 2-6 weeks later.
Am I the only one who thinks that £50 is a lot of money for someone this age? I know I'm guilty of boycotting this thread, but is that just money to treat himself to things?
With regards to the not lying to friends thing, it's good in one way and not good in another, OP.
It's good that he can obviously control when he lies, and who he lies to, but the flip side is that he's choosing to do it to you and DH. Someone mentioned contempt for you, and I would agree with this.
It does sound like he wraps you round his finger, but I've no helpful advice, sorry.
My gut feeling is that he is either depressed, or doing it because he feels he has no control over his life or because he wants your attention. How does he seem, OP? Does he seem happy most of the time? Is he talkative or secretive and sad?
Ah teenage boys.... (sigh!) I think it's especially hard when they've need us to organise them in the past and we've kind of kept on.... My first thought is, ask fewer questions. Go and see if his bedroom is tidy and if it isn't then tell him to do it. Or go for the "his bedroom his business" approach, which does not work in my household because we get mice and because DS (15 yo, Asperger's diagnosis) blows a fuse when he can't find things..... Also, our DS's are old enough to take more responsibilty for their own actions, and old enough to decide whether they want help on our terms or would rather muddle along on their own.
So you could ask him if he wants to be reminded about specific things he struggles with like the schoolbag and make a deal - "I will remind you to pack your schoolbag so long as you go and do it straight away. Otherwise I will stop reminding you". I made a deal with my DS - "I will remind you if you don't snarl at me"!! Even if your DS has ADHD he needs to learn strategies for managing things by himself, so if he doesn't want to be reminded then let him forget and take the consequences a few times, then maybe talk about techniques to make things easier - visual lists, packing it the night before, whatever.
Also watch your communication - the weary sarcasm thing can be quite destructive. Positive instructions are better - "please bring home all the change and a receipt". Ask him for the change and receipt afterwards, or call the station and find out how much it should cost.
Leaving the CV til bedtime sounds like anxiety. For this one, you could either insist that he does it at a time that suits you and stops avoiding it, or else let him not do it and take the consequences. In our house that would be "I will help you now, get off the computer and we will do it, I do not have time to do it later". And if he doesn't, that would be his decision.
In theory i'm in favour of letting your DS sort out the Duke of Edinburgh stuff himself too. They would eventually have found out from the instrucotr's repoert that your DS was skipping Taekwondo and he wouldn't have got the DofE. But in reality, I do intervene with my DS's DofE, nag him to do music practice etc (subject to the no-snarling rule :-)) . My other rule is that if I pay for lessons then if DS skips too many then I will stop paying for them, end of, and I do check with the instructors.
I'd be relatively easy on losing things, since he has ADHD and I was a forgetter myself. I just wouldn't give him any expensive kit (like fancy phones!) to lose.
But I would do whatever is necessary to stop him taking money from your credit cards - at least report the cards lost and get new ones, put passwords on online accounts etc. That is deliberate stealing and I would come down hard on it myself. Sure, when my DS was 8 yars old he took some cash and I treated it lightly as "unauthorised borrowing" but I also warned him not to do it again and that it could be seen as stealing. At 16, I definitely call it stealing (though I'd be careful to say "that was stealing" rather than "you are a thief" if you see what I mean!), and I'd put some heavy consequences on beyond just repayment. Given that you have let him get away with before you need to warn him exactly what the consequences will be if he does it again. And then stick to them.
Sorry that was a bit of an essay. My DS rarely fibs but if you have any ideas on how to get him to need less nagging... Good luck!
You all say wise things.
I am temporarily worn out by being a parent to this child and hitting the chocolate.
I feel like he has worn me down.
I will try to draw strength and then go and kick a bit of ass, as they say.
I girded my loins, went up there, explained it was the lack or respect that had been the most offensive aspect of his behaviour this week, and commanded him to clean and tidy his room within the next ten minutes.
There was no objection.
The floor is clear and he is hoovering …
Washing has been brought down.
Action is happening up there.
Baby steps I know, but symbolic ones.
He spontaneously offered to make me a cup of tea, and delivered it to the study.
That's good to hear! All steps in the right direction. (Glad you had a chocolate-break too)
Well done you! Crikey its a nice feeling when you feel you are taking back control isnt it?
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Not known Details About diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Inning accordance with Mayo clinic discomfort research has actually caused discoveries that alpha lipoic acid may operate in alleviating agonizing symptoms. Much can be done to ease the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy and avoid further damage.
Exactly what is Alpha Lipoic Acid?
It's a naturally occurring fatty acid in our bodies. It's likewise called lipoic acid, thioctic acid or abbreviated as ALA but should not be confused with alpha linolenic acid.
Alpha lipoic acid is discovered in most foods specifically in animal internal organs such as the kidney, heart and liver. It can likewise be sourced from plants such as spinach, broccoli, peas, Brussels sprout, rice bran and yeast extract. The naturally happening type is not available so that extracting it from natural sources yields bad results since it is covalently bound. Supplements in the market are chemically synthesized.
The chemical structure of alpha lipoic acid reveals 2 thiol or sulfur groups. When minimized the result is called dihydrolipoic acid and when in an oxidized kind alpha lipoic acid. It has an asymmetric carbon and can result in two isomers that are "mirror images of each other," the R-LA and S-LA. The R-isomer is produced in the body and bound to protein. Supplements may consist of both L and R forms.
Functions of Alpha Lipoic Acid in the Body
It is a fat and as such it is used by the body to produce energy for the body's functions. It transforms glucose into energy.
It is one potent anti-oxidant. This particular is significant in neuropathy. If compared with most antioxidants, it's both water and fat soluble. Being so, it quickly permeates nerve cells and secures the integrity of afferent neuron from oxidative damage. It scavengers for radicals and secures the integrity of the afferent neuron. When these antioxidants are in low supply, another one of its considerable function is its capability to renew vitamin C and glutathione. Glutathione is another important anti-oxidant that eliminates hazardous contaminants. They cooperate together to safeguard the damaging effects of totally free radicals and secure the integrity of cells from oxidative damage.
Research on Alpha Lipoic Acid and Neuropathy
Initial research studies suggest that it may assist in diabetic neuropathy. In one of the biggest studies, 181 people took 600 mg, 1200 mg or 1800 mg of alpha lipoic acid or a placebo.
Research study conducted by the Linus Pauling Institute has revealed the following proof regarding the role of alpha lipoic acid in diabetes and in diabetic neuropathy:
· enhances glucose usage in type 2 Diabetes mellitus by enhancing insulin sensitivity. The outcome of three different research study studies as reported by the institute recommended that the optimum effective dose is 600 mg/ day. The R-isomer of ALA might be more reliable in improving insulin sensitivity than the L-isomer.
· by some system it increases glucose uptake in fat and muscle cells
· improves the function and conduction of neurons in diabetes
· A neuropathic problem identified by reduced heart rate variability was "considerably enhanced" by treatment of 800 mg daily of the racemic kind.
· Beneficial effects are related primarily to its antioxidant properties. As an antioxidant, alpha lipoic acid scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can cause damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in cell membranes. When scavenging harmful totally free radicals, an antioxidant such as Vitamin C, glutathione and Coenzyme Q10 can be oxidized. It is a potent decreasing representative efficient in restoring the potency and ability of Vitamin C, glutathione plus Coenzyme Q10. Moreover, it increases glutathione synthesis. Alpha lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid also prevent copper and iron moderated oxidative damage. It avoids excess iron and copper build-up in the body and is an excellent treatment of neurodegenerative illness.
· might help in diabetic end-stage kidney illness on hemodialysis.
· Research study reveal a substantial enhancement in electrophysiological tests of nerve conduction after 2 years of treatment with 1200/mg or 600/mg than those on placebo.
· Apart from its helpful function in diabetes, it assists in metabolic syndrome, stops Alzheimer's development and age-related cognitive dysfunction and lots of others.
Advised Alpha Lipoic Acid Dosage
As you age the capability of your body to produce alpha lipoic acid decreases and you can take advantage of its many benefits.
The Linus Pauling institute recommends the R-isomer of 200-400 mg daily for healthy individuals.
For diabetic neuropathy, the optimum suggested dose is 600 - 1,800 mg/ day of the R-isomer.
For cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy a suggested oral dosage of 800/day of the R-isomer likewise is recommended.
Bottom Line
If you choose to supplement your anti-diabetic medication with alpha lipoic acid in the hope of treating your diabetic neuropathy ask your medical professionals' suggestion specifically if you are taking other medications to lower blood sugar level levels.
This anti-oxidant can help in your diabetes management. It's extremely essential to remember that management of diabetes is a lifelong commitment. Keep in mind of your diet, exercise daily and monitor your blood glucose levels regularly. Take your anti-diabetic medications or insulin as directed by your doctor.
Diligently observing these things can avoid problems and stop them in their tracks once they have started.
The chemical structure of alpha lipoic acid reveals 2 thiol or sulfur groups. When lowered the outcome is called dihydrolipoic acid and when in an oxidized type alpha lipoic acid. In one of the biggest studies, 181 people took 600 mg, 1200 mg or 1800 mg of alpha lipoic acid or a placebo. As an antioxidant, alpha lipoic acid scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can cause damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in cell membranes. Alpha lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid also hinder copper and iron moderated oxidative damage.
You have actually been feeling that tingling at your toes for more than a number of weeks now. The tingling includes a peculiar feeling of tingling burning sensation. At night, a sharp jabbing discomfort at your feet wakes you up. You have trouble in strolling due to discomfort. Worse, you can't compare cold or hot and your extremities don't have any feeling at all. It can be scary! In fact, it's another problem of your diabetes.
Peripheral Neuritis (noticable/ new.righ't is/).
Peripheral neuritis is the most typical type of neuropathy (pronounced/ new.rop' uth-ee/) happening among diabetics. It affects your toes, feet and later on your hands and arms. As you lose your capacity to feel any pain in your extremities serious issues set in.
The symptoms of other kinds of neuropathy rely on what types of nerves are impacted. Apart from peripheral neuritis other kinds of diabetic neuropathy are free (pronounced/ aw" tuh.nom' ick/) neuropathy, radiculoplexus (pronounced/ ra.dick" yoo.lo.pleck' sus/) neuropathy and mononeuropathy (pronounced/ mon" o-new. rop' uth-ee/).
Autonomic Neuropathy.
Free neuropathy impacts the nerves controlling the functions of your body organs. Your autonomic nervous system is accountable in the performance of your heart, lungs, stomach, intestinal tracts, sex organs, bladder and eyes. When the nerves of your bladder are affected you'll experience urinary incontinence. On the other hand, when your stomach nerves are involved you'll feel sluggish stomach clearing called as gastroparesis with nausea, anorexia nervosa and throwing up. Irregularity or unrestrained diarrhea can likewise be signs.
When the nerves of sex organs are included, males suffer erectile dysfunction while females sexual difficulties.
The nerves of your heart can be impacted too and your body will have problem in changing to blood pressure and heart rate. You'll feel a fast heart rate at rest. You'll go through an unexpected drop in blood pressure from a sitting to a standing position that can cause faintness or lightheadedness.
If your eye nerves are affected, you'll have trouble changing from light to dark. Precariously, your body may not find low blood sugar levels.
Radiculoplexus Neuropathy.
Radiculoplexus neuropathy is likewise described as diabetic amyotrophy (noticable/ am" eye.ot' ruh.fee/), femoral neuropathy or proximal neuropathy. It impacts the nerves in your thighs, legs, buttocks or hips. If your abdomen is impacted swelling takes place.
Mononeuropathy includes damage to a specific nerve. When your facial nerve is impacted, paralysis of one side of your face happens called as Bell's palsy. Other symptoms consist of discomfort in your foot, shin and front of thigh; problem focusing your eyes, double vision and pain behind your eye; chest or abdominal discomfort. Compression neuropathy can occur such as in carpal tunnel syndrome. You'll feel numbness and tingling specifically in your thumb, index, middle or ring fingers plus weak point in your hand.
Why Neuropathy Occurs.
Diabetic neuropathy gradually ensues from years of unchecked blood glucose levels that ruin the nerves. In some cases, smoking cigarettes and alcohol abuse add to the advancement of neuropathy. Medical professionals say a genetic personality is to blame and in some cases the cause is totally unknown.
Management of Neuropathy.
According to the Mayo clinic the objectives in the management of neuropathy is to slow the development of the condition, to alleviate pain, manage other issues that may arise and to bring back the function of the body area affected.
The very best way to slow development is to tighten up control of your blood sugar levels. Monitor your blood sugar level levels daily. Your blood sugar level levels should be between 70- 130 mg/dl prior to meals and no less that 180 mg/dl 2 hours after meals. Undergo Hemoglobin A1C testing every 3 months and your worths shouldn't be more than 7 percent.
Take your anti-diabetic medications as recommended by your health care supplier. Couple this with the best diet, workout and healthy lifestyle routines.
To alleviate discomfort, your medical professional will recommend medications such as anti-seizure medication, anti-depressants, topical anesthetics or opioids which have actually been shown to work well.
Antispasmodics can alleviate incontinence. Consuming smaller sized however frequent meals can relieve digestive issues. The occurrence of low blood pressure on standing can be prevented by standing up gradually and drinking extra fluids.
Medications can bring back functions of organs such as in erectile dysfunction. When they aren't reliable guys can turn to vacuuming. In ladies, lubrications can help.
Option Treatment.
Alternative treatments work well too such as transcutaneous electrical nerve acupuncture, biofeedback and stimulation. Alternative treatments such as food supplements can complement medications. Scientific studies had actually proven that they can assist in minimizing symptoms and slowing the development of neuropathy. Alpha lipioc acid, evening primrose oil, acetyl L-carnitine, B complex vitamins, quercetin, bromelain, capsaicin and black currant seed oil are a few of them.
The very best method to prevent diabetic neuropathy is to keep typical blood sugar levels daily. Continue your diabetic medications or insulin as instructed by your medical professional, focus on your diet, weave in exercise in your day-to-day regimen and keep healthy lifestyle routines.
The symptoms of other types of neuropathy depend upon what types of nerves are impacted. Apart from peripheral neuritis other types of diabetic neuropathy are autonomic (pronounced/ aw" tuh.nom' ick/) neuropathy, radiculoplexus (pronounced/ ra.dick" yoo.lo.pleck' sus/) neuropathy and mononeuropathy (noticable/ mon" o-new. Free neuropathy affects the nerves managing the functions of your body organs. Radiculoplexus neuropathy is also described as diabetic amyotrophy (pronounced/ am" eye.ot' ruh.fee/), femoral neuropathy or proximal neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy slowly takes place from years of uncontrolled blood sugar levels that damage the nerves.
Exactly what you might not realize is that there are dietary supplements and vitamins you can take to help manage your blood sugar. And many of these supplements can likewise assist with the effects of diabetic neuropathy - one of the chief factors to amputations in diabetic patients.
The variety of medical studies that reveal adding crucial nutrients to the health care regimen of diabetic neuropathy clients is growing constantly.
Approved, these nutritional supplements will not replace appropriate diet, managing your blood sugar and a sound workout plan, however they can certainly improve the efficiency of all of these pieces of the diabetic neuropathy puzzle.
What You Need to Search for in Nutritional Supplements
As a client with diabetic neuropathy, your requirements in dietary supplements are different than those of other individuals. While many business use the benefit browse around here of their once-a-day multivitamin as a selling point, a pill you take just when a day is only going to be truly effective for the 2 hours after take it. You need more than that for the signs of your diabetic neuropathy.
To get the complete impact for treating your diabetic neuropathy, you require to preserve a steady restorative level of these vitamins and nutrients throughout the day to help keep your blood sugar level under control.
Choose supplements that you take at last 3 times a day to keep the levels stable in your blood stream.
And try to find nutritional supplements that originate from an FDA approved manufacturer to guarantee that what you're taking is pharmaceutical grade.
Which Vitamin Supplements You Must Take
There is so much info on the market now about dietary supplements and vitamins. Do your research and talk to a professional like your favorite clinician to make sure you're taking the right vitamins for your specific diabetic neuropathy signs.
Here's a quick cheat sheet of the Top 12 vitamins and nutrients for diabetic neuropathy treatment to assist you identify some of the necessary supplements that can help your diabetic neuropathy and exactly what they do:
Thiamin (Vitamin B1) - assists maintain healthy oxygen levels in the blood stream which implies that you less opportunity of nerve damage due to poor oxygen levels reaching the nerves. The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of thiamine for the typical individual is 1.0 to 2.4 mg per day however diabetic neuropathy clients should take in the variety of 60 mg daily in equally divided dosages.
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - operate in combination with Vitamin B6 to assist your body usage glucose properly. The RDA is 1.2 to 1.6 mg each day however therapeutic levels ought to be around 60 mg daily.
Vitamin B6 - along with folic acid and B12, it helps prevent nerve damage and heart attacks. It can likewise help prevent diabetic loss of sight and/or vision loss.
Vitamin B12 - works with folic acid to assist avoid stroke and loss of limbs due to diabetic neuropathy. It also assists eliminate neuropathy pain.
Biotin - when taken in mix with chromium, biotin (a B vitamin) assists insulin work more efficiently, keeps the pancreas working well, and decreases blood sugar levels.
Chromium - when taken with biotin, assists insulin work better, keeps the pancreas working well and reduces blood sugar level levels.
Copper - helps safeguard the cells in the pancreas that make insulin healthy, helps avoid diabetes related damage to capillary and nerves and lowers blood glucose levels.
Folic Acid - deal with B12 to assist prevent strokes and loss of limbs due to diabetic neuropathy.
Magnesium - assists relieve diabetic neuropathy pain and assists insulin work better.
Manganese - helps avoid damage to blood vessels and nerves.
Selenium - in some cases called an insulin copy cat, selenium helps take blood glucose into the cells. Selenium secures versus blood vessel and nerve damage from elevated blood sugar level levels, two of the contributing elements in diabetic neuropathy.
Zinc - assists blood glucose enter the cells and insulin work more efficiently.
These supplements, when utilized appropriately and under the care and guidance of your own clinician, can assist enhance your diabetic neuropathy symptoms and reduce the opportunities of permanent nerve damage and eventual amputation.
Take note - these supplements will not take the place of eating appropriately and working out. They work in combination with a much healthier way of life, not in place of it.
And never self recommend vitamins supplements and nutrients. Deal with your clinician to get to the levels you need for your particular diabetic neuropathy and blood glucose control problems. Similar to many other things, too much of a great thing can do more damage than excellent if not correctly controlled and kept an eye on by a specialist.
And never self recommend vitamins supplements and nutrients. Deal with you NeuropathyDR ® clinician to arrive at the levels you need for your specific diabetic neuropathy and blood sugar level control issues. Just like lots of other things, too much of an excellent thing can do more harm than great if not appropriately managed and monitored by an expert.
Exactly what you may not realize is that there are nutritional supplements and vitamins you can take to assist manage your blood sugar. And many of these supplements can also assist with the results of diabetic neuropathy - one of the chief factors to amputations in diabetic patients.
Vitamin B6 - along with folic acid and B12, it helps avoid nerve damage and heart attacks. It can likewise help prevent diabetic loss of sight and/or vision loss. Work with your clinician to get here at the levels you require for your particular diabetic neuropathy and blood sugar control problems.


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My car heater is just blowing cold air out of it n i change my thermostat, n full my cooling,i know it not my blower bc it blowing n i would like to know what else it could be
3 Answers
There could be a circulation problem in your cooling system that is not allowing the coolant to get to the heater core in the dash. Is your engine temperature at normal operating level? It could be time for a cooling system flush..
N how do i do cooling system flush
Of course you can take it to a garage or if you are a do-it yourselfer, they sell flush kits at pretty much any auto parts store. Instructions are usually included in the kit. The flush can be performed with a simple garden hose.
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Beds: 5
Baths: 4
Finished Size: 3102 sqft
Lot Size: 6345 sqft, 0.146 acres
Lot: 6345 ft2, 0.146 acr
Blinds, Skylight, Ceiling Fan, Dining Area, Eating Space, Lino Floors, Wood Flooring, Screens, Storage Separate, Wall To Wall Carpet, Bay Window
Partially Finished, With Windows
Dryer, Fridge, Stove, Washer, Dryer, Washer
Year Built: 1895
Fuel: Gas
Heating: Forced Air, Gas Fireplace
Foundation: Poured Concrete
Roof: Fibreglass Shingle
Exterior: Shingle-Wood, Stucco
Lot Shape: Rectangle
Taxes: $4163
Parking Type: Street Only
Lot Features: Cleared, Level, Serviced
Elementary: 61 Doncaster
Junior: 61 Central
Senior: 61 Vic High
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Winter turns to spring, night to dawn... and the two 800 lb. gorillas of the Mac virtualization market trade updates once again. A fortnight ago it was Parallels 7 hitting with a new release, and today we note the debut of VMware Fusion 4.
The new version of the virtual PC tool from the enterprise experts in virtualization looks to offer better performance, easier virtual disk resizing, a reboot-free drag and drop install, more graceful migration for PC to Mac switchers, and a no-compromises story on Lion compatibility both for the host and the virtual machine.
Since Apple has changed the licensing rules on virtualizing Mac OS X with Lion, any Mac user is permitted to run up to two virtual Macs on their hardware. For developers and IT folk, the ability to test apps and configurations in a snapshot-enabled, break-it-and-revert-it virtual machine is a genuinely beautiful thing. Fusion 4 makes it terribly easy to create Lion VMs by dragging the "Install OS X Lion" Mac App Store app right into a starter virtual machine; there is no step 3.
Lion's Mac-side features get a full workout with Fusion 4, as Windows apps can appear in Mission Control just as Mac apps do. You can launch Windows apps from Launchpad, Spotlight or the Applications folder -- but only the ones you actually want to see and use on a regular basis, so Notepad and Minesweeper don't need to show up. (Well, Notepad, anyway.) Keeping the launcher clutter to a minimum will help you keep your sanity. Lion's full screen app support is respected, too; you can take Windows apps full screen and swipe between individual apps in their own Spaces, just as you do with full screen Mac apps.
The new version includes Virtual Bluetooth technology, allowing your Windows VMs to work with wirelessly tethered mobile phones. A new snapshot manager gives you more control over your virtual machine backups. You can even encrypt your VM storage and require a password to launch a virtual machine.
Fusion works with VMware's migration technology to allow physical or virtual PCs to be cloned into a VM; that means PC users can have a replica of their old friend sitting just a click away. They won't be hurting for performance, either, as the new 64-bit Cocoa build of Fusion will offer faster 3D (2.5x) and everyday app performance versus the previous 3.1 version.
New licenses of Fusion 4 are available at a discounted US$49.99 through the end of 2011, with a normal suggested retail price of $79.99. Those who bought Fusion 3 on/after July 20 are due a free upgrade. You won't need to find a DVD drive to install the app on your MacBook Air, either; it ships on a handy USB drive.
Check out our gallery of virtualization pics, and if you're looking to give it a try, scoot over to VMware's site to download a free trial of Fusion 4.


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From iPhones to Arri Alexas, SXSW filmmakers used a wide variety of cameras and lenses to capture their unique visions, and the reasons for their choices are just as varied.
No Film School reached out to filmmakers screening their films at SXSW 2017 to find out which cameras and lenses they chose for their films and why. As we expected, camera and lens choices run the gamut based on the styles and budgets of the projects, the looks desired by the directors, and whether the film was a narrative or a documentary.
We surveyed several filmmakers at SXSW about cameras and lenses, and here, in their own words, are the reasons behind their camera and lens choices.
Rat Film
"Use whatever's easiest and closest at hand. I used iPhones and DSLRs and Google Maps screenshots. Whatever was the most mobile, required the least preparation, and still looked okay in the end." — Theo Anthony, director, Rat Film (Visions, documentary feature)Discover Which Cameras and Lenses SXSW Filmmakers Chose and Why


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Question about 1996 Triumph Daytona 1200
Congrats on the 1200. A lovely well made bike. The finish is much better than on later T5 series bikes. Usefull mods? A scott Oiler will realy prolong the life of chain and sprockets. Junk the standard silencers as they are very heavy. I took my fairing lowers off too this shed weight. The finish is good on these bikes and I think it looks great without the lowers. Problems? As has been said the sprag clutch. Particularly on early ones. Which yours is. If it has a rectangular plate on the crank case behind the cylinder block it will be an early one. This is a good thing as a carefull mechanic who knows Triumphs can change the sprag clutch without stripping the engine. 95 onwards bikes had a redesigned sprag clutch. You can fit one of these to an earlier motor. Also get a good heavy duty battery as weak batteries can kill the sprag clutch. I've not had a problem with coils. Though I hear they can play up. If it was me I'd strip out the fuel lines and taps and replace the diaphragm on the tap and clean the filters. Down where the lines join the carbs there are some tiny inline fliters that can get blocked. The bolt that holds the alternator drive gear to the alternator drive shaft can shear. Its located behind the clutch. There is a Triumph replacement. You will nead a hollow shaft and the new through bolt. This will cure it. You can do the replacement by pushing the old shaft out with the new once you've removed the alternator and clutch. Torque on the through bolt is 12nm I think but check. This sounds like a long list but realy if all this goes youre unlucky. I've found my 1200 to be pretty reliable. The motors are massively over engineered. To keep the black stuff looking nice I clean it with degreaser then wipe over with a light oil. Duck oil or something like. Silicone spray brings the matt black plastics up nice. Finaly I use Avon Azarro tyres. Long life but seem to work well on a heavy bike like the 1200. Overall I love mine. I tried a 955i which was great but ultimately its the 1200 I kept as a perfect long distance tool. For town work and general riding I bought a Thruxton, but the 1200 is a special bike not for everyone but well made and just that bit unusual.
Posted on Nov 10, 2008
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
A 6ya expert can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
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Posted on Jan 02, 2017
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