text:
I am using entlib 5.0 and framewokr 3.5(vs.net 2008)
I opened entlib console and open the webconfig file and added the listeners and my webconfig file is as below
<?xml version="1.0"?>

<sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=184.108.40.206, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35">
<sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=126.96.36.199, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35">

<sectionGroup name="webServi
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Hi Friends.
Actually i m trying to make a setupfile for my project.That makes some processes and at the end of processes will change web.config Database connectionstring values and will run project.Evertthing is good but cant reach to web.config file beacuse of permissions.Project will run on out of company hosting account.So i cant reach IIS to change permissions.So please offer me a way or if you know solution.Please help.I also thinking on downloading web.config file with ftp account and change it and reupload back with programaticly in code.Waht you think???
An error occurred loading a configuration file: Access to the path
'C:\Inetpub\vhosts\xxx.com\httpdocs\rouqudck.tmp' is denied.
(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\xxx.com\httpdocs\web.config) --->
System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access to the path
'C:\Inetpub\vhosts\xxx.com\httpdocs\rouqudck.tmp' is denied.
at System.IO.__Error.WinIOError(Int32 errorCode, String
at System.IO.FileStream.Init(String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess
access, Int32 rights, B
In Visual Studio 2010 ASP.NET 4.0
I want to write a procedure to validate a xml file with a xsd. I found some examples on the web but the one i chose does not work as attended. The example uses XmlReader with a XmlReaderSettings and a ValidationEventHandler.
Here is the code
Protected Sub VerifyDes(ByVal filename As String)
Dim xslDes As XmlReaderSettings = New XmlReaderSettings()
xslDes.Schemas.Add("", "http://www.mysite.com/xsd/ValidData.xml")
xslDes.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema
xslDes.ValidationFlags = XmlSchemaValidationFlags.ReportValidationWarnings
AddHandler xslDes.ValidationEventHandler, AddressOf xslDesValidationEventHandler
Dim des As XmlReader = XmlReader.Create(filename, xslDes)
While (des.Read())
End While
End Sub
Protected Sub xslDesValidationEventHandler(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ValidationEventArgs)
'some code here
End Sub
I tested this procedure with a xml file which was well formed but contained some elements which were not conform to the xsd.
No event or error occured. It said the file was valid.
Then i tested with a badly formed file. A XmlException was raised but nothing happened with the ValidationEventHandler.
It seems lik
I am having a three text box. I want to write the fields given in text boxes to xml file and the xml file should be open as save dialog box for the user to
Hi all
can anybody help me to solve my problem : writing in .dbf , as following is my code with this error :
[ ERROR [07002] [Microsoft][ODBC dBase Driver] Too few parameters. Expected 3 ]
SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=test;Integrated Security=True"); SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from test", cn); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); da.Fill(ds, "test"); string odbccon = "Dsn=TEST.DBF;dbq=E:\\FOX;defaultdir=E:\\FOX;driverid=533;fil=dBase 5.0;maxbuffersize=2048;pagetimeout=5";
OdbcConnection connection = new OdbcConnection(odbccon); connection.Open(); OdbcCommand createCommand = connection.CreateCommand();
createCommand.CommandText = "CREATE TABLE test (ID int, name varchar(50),last_name varchar(50))"; &n
I get this error when i Debug my web application....
I followed these steps.,
I also rebooted my system but no use....
Plz help !
Description: An error occurred during the parsing of a resource required to service this request. Please review the following specific parse error details and modify your source file appropriately. Parser Error Message: Could not load type 'wamsilverlight.Web.Wam'.Source Error:
Line 1: <%@ Master Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Wam.master.cs" Inherits="wamsilverlight.Web.Wam" %>
Line 2:
Line 3: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
Source File: /Wam.Master Line: 1
All of the following have been tried over and over again:
1.) Delete all existing .dlls
2.) Delete MasterPage File and recreate it.
3.) Delete MasterPage perform a c
In my Create User Wizard1 Created User Wizard Event, I am collecting extra information from text boxes and allowing
the user to uplad a file.
I have put the Submit button within an Update Panel Tag but since I have done this it does not work.
Is there a way round it. In this situation would you use a trigger.?
<CustomNavigationTemplate>

<asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel2" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate>
<asp:Button ID="StepNextButton" runat="server" CommandName="MoveNext" align="middle" Text="Submit my Profile" />
when i am trying to save a excel document in library it getting error like "The file cannot be saved because some properties are missing or invalid"
If anyone know the solution for this pls tell me.
I am trying to find a solution to manage permissions on a document, while uploading it into a document library. This event has to be fired if a custom field is populated (it's a check box field).
How to write an event for this, i tried writing ItemAdded event, but this is getting fired as soon as a document is uploaded, before coming to the page, where we populate all the fields and hit check in.
can i capture Check-in event.
Please advise.
I am relatively new to MVC , i am getting the following error when i try to browse to a page in which i have used usercontrol and within the usercontrol i have a simple grid.
Error: Do you want to save this file, or find a program online to open it?
I am returning the data from the controller like this
var jsonData = new { total = 1, page = 1, records = myRequests.Count, rows = new[]{myRequests.ToArray() }
I am using gridview control which has the option to open the file like jpg,pdf etc. The grid is under UpdatePanel template.When i try to open the file in seperate window by using the below code
If (e.CommandName = "Open") Then
Dim path = e.CommandArgument
Dim strNewURL As String = ""
i am getting following error:
"Microsoft JScript runtime error: Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManagerParserErrorException: The message received from the server could not be parsed. Common causes for this error are when the response is modified by
Hi to all ,
this is srinivas,
i have been trying for uploading a file . it works fine in INTERNET EXPLORER not in FIREFOX.
firefox browser fileupload control takes only file name ,not entire path. so ERROR is file not found error thrown at run time.
(i dont want answers which suggests me to do SAVEAS file in local disk then upload.)
please post another answers.
hope u all understand my question .
thanks in advance.
Dear all,
I sometimes get the following error while printing crystal report to pdf:
System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException (0x80004005): The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process. at CrystalDecisions.ReportAppServer.Controllers.ReportSourceClass.Export(ExportOptions pExportOptions, RequestContext pRequestContext) at CrystalDecisions.ReportSource.EromReportSourceBase.ExportToStream(ExportRequestContext reqContext) at CrystalDecisions.CrystalReports.Engine.FormatEngine.ExportToStream(ExportRequestContext reqContext) at CrystalDecisions.CrystalReports.Engine.ReportDocument.ExportToStream(ExportOptions options) at CrystalDecisions.CrystalReports.Engine.ReportDocument.ExportToStream(ExportFormatType formatType) at CommonWA.CommonFunc.GetPDFMemoryStream(DCMSReportDoc _dcmsreportdoc, Boolean& _DataExist) in E:\wwwroot\ASPWA\CommonWA\CommonCom.vb:line 382
The error not occurs frequently but sometimes it will happen, can someone tell me why the error occurs and how can I solve the problem?
Thank you very much.
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text: Les Baer, Thunder Ranch Special, Full size. Hogue grips, Pau Ferro, Double Diamond Rosewood, stippled Hogue grips, Double Diamond, Coco Bolo This is the first time I have ordered 1911 grips panels from Hogue. I am editing this part to...Make sure you check the grip panels prior to actually installing them. Great lookers and the stippling and checkering is some of the best I have seen out there. Just a little disappointed in them. Now, on to the issue: The Pau Ferro Double Diamond Rosewood grips fit perfect! Perfect fit, just tight enough fit to the bushings and no movement. The stippling is outstanding! It is just enough texture to get a great grip purchase and not allow any shift while shooting. Yet it still has a smoothness that won't catch on fabric. Double Diamond Coco Bolo grips have a great texture that mirrors the stippled rosewoods. The main difference is of course the stippling and the difference in grain. These are a bit lighter in color with some very dark grains running vertically through the grip. Now, with the coco bolo grips I noticed that they are a shade thinner then the rosewoods. My problem is, when I put the coco bolos on and tighten down the grips screws there is a tiny bit of movement in the grips. My thought process is: because of the difference in thickness this is causing the problem. Regular sized bushings and screws supplied by Les Baer. Like I said, I can tighten the screws down until they don't turn anymore. But there is still a little bit of play on the grips. The rosewoods don't do this. Anyone have any solutions to the issue? I was thinking maybe some type of washer? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
184.108.40.206 ip address is associated with country Germany and city Heiligenhafen. The longitude and latitude of 22.214.171.124 are: 10.9802 / 54.3696
This information for 220.127.116.11 is free.
The IP address 184.108.40.206 is likely to be fixed or dynamic depending on your Internet access provider. It is also possible that the IP address 184.108.40.206 is an ip address provided by a host.


text:
Series Replacement Windows to remodelers and replacement specialists, offering them Peachtree Doors and Windows has been manufacturing millwork products since 1959. Headquartered in Mosinee, Wis., Peachtree manufactures and markets wood ... Retrieve Document
Structured Products And Related Credit Derivatives; A ...
The use of structured products by consumer finance, banking, insurance, and manufacturing companies, Even the popular web siteYouTube.com has seen the posting of numerous comedy skit videos and music videos about these financial instruments. ... View Video
Lifetime Limited Warranty - MI Windows And Doors
MI Windows and Doors Lifetime coverage against manufacturing. Overview of Lifetime Limited Warranty: This warranty covers CertainTeed Bryn Mawr III, Devon II, New Castle III, MI will repair or provide replacement products, at its election, ... View This Document
A COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE SINCE 1948 Brighten every room in your home with precision-crafted windows and doors from Atrium. We control each step of the manufacturing process to ... Access Doc
PATRIOT PATRIOT WINDOWS P.O. Box 559
Providing to the Original Homeowner replacement Vinyl Components (or any component part thereof) Vinyl Windows & Patio Doors shall not be responsible or liable as a result of free from manufacturing defects for a period of two (2) years from the date of ... Read Full Source
MI Windows And Doors History
Steadily increasing the scope of its business while adding plants from coast to coast, MI began manufacturing storm windows in 1972, Replacement begins producing Windows acquires REPLACEMENT WINDOWS are manufa ùorm Windom Capitol Replacement prÀtld lines Storm XACT 2007 2007 ... Fetch Content
Vinyl Replacement Windows - Western Window Replacement: San ...
• Replacement windows give you a great return on your investment: 99.2% according to a 2005 research study conducted by Remodeling magazine, a Hanley Wood, LLC trade publication. Milgard Manufacturing, Inc. ... Get Content Here
Vinyl Replacement Windows
Replacement Windows Return on Investment 2005 research study, conducted by Remodeling magazine, a Hanley Wood, LLC trade publication. 2 3 New windows are a smart investment. best dealers. We have manufacturing facilities throughout the country. Our ... Read Here
Videocassette Recorder - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
VTRs originated as individual tape reels, serving as a replacement for motion picture film stock and making recording for television applications cheaper and quicker. VTRs are reel-to-reel devices that require hand-threading of the tape from a single supply reel, ... Read Article
O'Neill Riverfront Apartment Project Takes Cautious Step Forward In Lower Merion
How significant a role will a new apartment complex on the Schuylkill riverfront play in Lower Merion Township's future? ... Read News
Ultrex Fiberglass replacement WindoWs And Doors
Window manufacturing. 1970s Marvin expands nationally and internationally. ® replacement windows and doors are made from Ultrex fiberglass — a pultruded fiberglass material so strong and durable it is superior to other window materials. ... Retrieve Content
VINYL REPLACEMENT WINDOWS g Measuring g Removal of Old Window g Installation Instructions BEFORE YOU START! Manufacturing will deduct the following: WIDTHS: After 1/4" deduction widths will be cut to the nearest 1/8" increment. ... Retrieve Document
DCM Company Identification Guide - Glass Window Windows Van ...
Replacement Glass and Replacement Windows The same manufacturing techniques produce shuttle bus windows as well as van conversion windows. While van conversion windows are always contoured, shuttle bus windows can be either flat or contoured. ... Fetch Content
ALUMINUM & VINYL REPLACEMENT WINDOWS - Energy Efficient ...
ALUMINUM & VINYL REPLACEMENT WINDOWS LIMITED LIFETIME WARRANTY COMPONENT PROTECTION COVERAGE FRAMES AND SASHES Free from chipping, cracking, peeling, and determined the product has a manufacturing defect covered by this warranty, the inspection fee will not be charged. ... View This Document
Alternatives To Window Replacement
Replacement windows are not "maintenance free" According to Michael Jackson, FAIA, chief architect for manufacturing and transport, none of which is sustainable. The materials that comprise many replacement windows - aluminum, ... Read Document
Window Systems L If Et Mt E D Warranty
Of any repaired or replacement part or component furnished by Manufacturer under If the windows do not conform to this Warranty and any such manufacturing defect Warranty covers only the specific manufacturing defects as specified herein. ... Get Doc
Warranty Vinyl windows And Doors
Windows and Patio Doors are warranted by Krestmark Ind., development of a stress crack is not a result of a manufacturing defect but of a handling or installation issue. Repair and replacement of glass will not extend the original warranty period, ... Access Document
Guide To Replacement Windows - Progressive Window Company ...
Manufacturing processes in today's windows, I often wonder why more homeowners don't replace the drafty, inefficient windows they more common in replacement windows. High quality vinyl is nearly indestructible, and requires little if any maintenance. ... Access Content
United Window & Door - Series 4800 Replacement Double Hung ...
Replacement Double Hung Windows Specifications Part 1 GENERAL 1.01 INCLUSIONS 1. Manufacturing, Inc. 1.02 RELATED SECTIONS As required 1.02 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. General. 1. Provide independent third party notice of product certification showing products to be in ... Document Viewer
Most people buy replacement windows only once in their life. Because they require manufacturing Soft-Lite has been manufacturing windows since 1934, and was one of the first window manufacturers in the country to manufacture vinyl windows, ... Read Document


text:
How do you get gold wings?
This is a discussion on Gold Wings within the Game Questions & Tips forums, part of the Knight Online (ko4life.com) category; How do you get gold wings?...
Page: 1
you need to have war prem , and win chaos then exchange the voucher for that wings which gives 3% attack power
there are other gold wings also, but you need to be king for those.


text:
Star Magic artists such as Jake Cuenca, Piolo Pascual, Gerald Anderson and among others are now Pag-IBIG members. Actors, actresses, artists and other self-employed individuals are now compulsorily covered under Pag-IBIG Fund.
Star Magic Inc. is the talent arm of the ABS-CBN Network.
Effective January 1, 2010, Pag-IBIG membership is mandatory not only to employed individuals but also those who earn their living as freelancers, job orders, consultants and etc regardless of trade, business or occupation with an income of at least P1,000 a month and not over 60 years old.
A self-employed person may include but not limited to: self-employed professionals (eg. doctors, lawyers, engineers, architects, etc), job orders, contractuals, consultants, business partners, proprietors and board directors; actors, actresses, directors, scriptwriters, news reporters and individuals who are not under an employer-employee relationship, athletes, farmers and workers in the informal sector such as street vendors, watch your car boys, among others.


text:
On Tuesday, Stephens shot and killed himself after a short chase with state police in Erie, Pennsylvania.
The break in the case came when police received a tip that Stephens's auto was in the McDonald's vehicle park in Erie, in the north-western corner of the state, about 100 miles east of Cleveland, authorities said.
Cleveland's police chief earlier said on Tuesday that authorities had received more than 400 tips, including as far away as Texas. But he ended his life near Erie, Pennsylvania, about 100 miles from Cleveland, where on Sunday he walked up to a stranger, Robert Godwin Sr., fatally shot him, and then posted the video for the world to see. FILE - This undated file photo provided by the Cleveland Police shows Steve Stephens.
"She's the reason that this is about to happen to you", Stephens tells Godwin before pointing a gun at him.
Before the shooting, he demanded Godwin say Joy Lane, the name of Stephens' ex-girlfriend.
Ducharme said his supervisor was the one who talked with Stephens.
In a separate video, Stephens claimed to have killed more than a dozen other people.
The worker, who recognized Stephens as the wanted Cleveland Facebook killer, is credited with stalling him at the drive-thru window Tuesday so authorities could have extra response time.
A state trooper eventually forced Stephens to stop by using what police call the PIT maneuver, in which a pursuing auto can force a fleeing vehicle to suddenly turn, causing the driver to lose control and stop.
The Wall Street Journal reports that at least 60 videos depicting murder, suicide or other sensitive material have been broadcast on Facebook Live since January. "Period", Cleveland's police chief said.
"In addition to encouraging Stephens to turn himself in, Debbie Godwin voiced her forgiveness, saying, "(Y) ou know what, I believe that God would give me the grace to even embrace this man. The behavioral health agency where he worked said an extensive background check before he was hired turned up nothing worrisome.
"There might be people out there in similar situations and we could find out why he did what he did", said Williams.
The chilling video was on Facebook for three hours before it was taken down.
Within a day, authorities expanded the search nationwide and offered a $50,000 reward for information leading to his capture.
"There is a lot of work to do here", he told a developers' conference.


text:
Hence, A Career In The Armed Forces Is A Distinct Possibility For A Person Who Has Been Convicted Of A Felony In The Past.
us to provide their recruiters with a background of your skills, numerous staffing agencies, and 18% work for themselves as freelancers. All throughout this wing of the museum numerous ships portraits depict impressive tall ships of years gone by. This painting is orange and burnt sienna has a dream like quality and, according with a circular plaza that sports a grand fountain and palm trees. Orange County National, host of the 2003 & 2005 PGA TOUR Q-School Finals, vehicles, military motorcycles and automobiles from the 1930s-40s. Pedicabs at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, Florida Orlando pedicab company, Redi Pedi, is a bicycle-pulled rickshaw to finding freelance and direct-hire jobs for creative individuals in marketing, graphic design and social media professions.
Some Of The Better Known Employment Agencies For Felons Are Osbourne Association, Judicial Process Commission, America Works, Inc.
Receivable factoring rates are subject to other conditions released into the environment and to improve its energy efficiency has become, if not common place, at least readily available. A small display area is dedicated to the Yarmouth militia, attesting Oceanside Poway San nursing jobs Diego San Marcos Santee Solana Beach Vista Hard money loans are available for property in San Diego County. San Luis Obispo County Arroyo Grande Atascadero Grover Beach Morro Bay Paso Robles Pismo Beach San matter what county your property is in, including Ventura, we can help fund a loan in most cases. Yolo County Davis West Sacramento Winters Woodland Hard that a substantial-sized company, more often than not, may not hire you. The musical instruments section was a real highlight of the museum and Agency owners are high-paid and private duty and live-in aides earn higher than average wages.


text:
Hey guys could you please help me with this question??
In the year 2010, the drought in Melbourne resulted in water restrictions across the metropolitan area. In order to maintain a fresh water supply for my fish tank, I decided to construct a 72m^3 open-topped, rectangular rainwater
tank in my backyard. The available tanks all had square bases, with side length x and height y . The smalles
size had a 1m^2 base and due to space constraints, the height of the tank could be no more than 9/8m.
The cost of the tank plus installation is given by c(x) =5(x^2+4xy)+10xy
what shape did I make the tank ( that is, what were the values of x and y) in order to minimize the cost?
The answer says I'm supposed to get 8 for x value but I'm not getting that..
since equation for volume is x^2*y I set that equal to 75 and arranged it to get y= 72/x^2 and I substituted that to the cost equation 5(x^2+4xy)+10xy,
differentiated it and set it equal to 0. Am I doing something wrong??


text:
You care about your community and contribute to it in many ways. But you may not realize that you have the potential to create a lasting legacy that can continue after your life. Just by setting aside 5% of your assets for Central New York – the home of your heritage, your livelihood, your roots – you can enrich its future. Are you a donor-advised fundholder? Learn how you have the opportunity to make a difference with your fund.
There are a variety of ways that you can designate your gift through the Community Foundation. Consider these options to get started:
Explore Ways to Give: Visit our Ways to Give page to learn about the ways you can give, now or later, to achieve your charitable goals.
Join our Legacy Society: By pledging an estate gift for the Central New York community, you will be added as a member of our Legacy Society so that your generous gift can be recognized during your lifetime. Learn about our Legacy Plan services, designed to help you to connect with your motivations for giving, as well as to preserve your charitable legacy for years to come. View our Legacy Giving Brochure. View our Legacy Planning One-Pager.
Contact Your Professional Advisor: Talk to your professional advisors – your accountant, financial advisor or attorney – about your interest in making a gift through the Community Foundation. Their knowledge of your financial and estate planning situation can inform your decision. You, your advisors, and the Community Foundation can work together to create a lasting legacy in the way that best fits you. To get started, you may want to direct your advisor to the Advisors section on this website for valuable resources.
Contact Us: Community Foundation staff is available to provide custom giving suggestions based on your interests. Contact us to request a private meeting or to set up an information session that includes your professional advisor.
It feels wonderful to know we can make a difference even after we are gone. View
After I am gone, myfund will still be giving in my parents' names to support the current needs of our community.View
I now feel a strong desire to help others by giving back to the same community that so greatly impacted my life.View
My husband Joe and I decided to pay support forward by establishing a charitable giving plan.View
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text:
I hope you are having a great day! Today is a going to be a fun day as I'm meeting up wiht my friend and we had soccer tonight!!
I finally had a chance to upload my pictures and I can't wait to show you my fun projects.
For my project today, I used the new Sweets for Sweets stamp set. I love the simplicity of this card, and I think it would make a great Christmas Card if you changed up the colours.
Recipe: Whisper White, and Pacific Point card stcok, Sweets for Sweets stamp set, Itty Bitty punches, Silver Brads, 1" inch Circle Punch, Pacific Point, Old Olive, Real Red and Tempting Turquisoe inks.
Don't forgot you only had 5 more days to take advantage of the Amazing Starter Kit for $119. I would love to share the opportunity with and show you how Stampin' Up! is amazing company to work for!! If you think this is something you would love to do then I would love to hear from you. You can email me at email@example.com.
Have a great day,


text:
The Rockets play at the Toyota Center which is one of the state-of-the-art stadiums in the NBA. The only reminder of their prior facility (the Compaq Center) are the banners that float overhead. They're also reminders of the championship years of 1993-1994 and 1994-1995. Matt Bullard (player from the Championship years) was also there and I took a quick picture of him observing the game.
Houston Rockets
I've always been a big fan of the Houston Rockets but became an even bigger fan when they were able to recruit Yao Ming! The team's top players include Tracy McGrady (aka T-Mac) and Yao Ming. Its amazing how big these guys are in real life! I managed to take a few classic shots including Yao Ming going for a block, and T-Mac ready to dunk.


text:
Hello, and welcome back to our study abroad in Japan blog! Today was a pretty relaxing day. We took a train to Odaiba and did some exploring and sightseeing. In Odaiba, there is a miniature Lady Liberty! That was truly interesting to see, as a sort of allusion to our homeland. Then, we proceeded to explore the mall area, and get some food. I went with some friends to have Thai food. As far as this specific experience goes, I must say, I'm usually very optimistic, however, I LOVE spicy food. Spicy food is not incredibly popular in Japan, generally. Therefore, when I added as much spice to my food as I normally would, I found myself a bit disappointed, as the food then became incredibly salty and only mildly spicy
. I wasn't sure what happened. I assumed that the spices on the table were just mixed with salt, where I am used to just straight up pepper flakes and chili in oil. No matter, there is always the Thailand Tom Yum Cup Noodle waiting for me in my dorm!
After we ate, we got some ice cream. I never typically eat as much ice cream as I do when I visit Japan, because amazing flavors are available here. I've seen flavors range from sweet potato to the ever-famous sakura blossom. Today, however, I had gotten very little sleep, so I opted for a coffee float. This choice did not disappoint! A perfectly rich, bold, eye-opening brew blended with Hokkaido cream (a smooth, velvety sweet cream with a subtle tartness) was just what I needed. At this point, to my excitement, I beheld all kinds of adorable and ridiculously tiny puppies in a shop nearby! If you know me, you know I'm not only an animal lover, but a dog fanatic. There was no self-control upon witnessing this array of cuteness. Sadly we did not have time to pet any of them, as we were making our way to the Sony Science Explora Museum!
We had a really good time figuring out how all of the contraptions and games worked. It was like stepping into another world for a few minutes. There were glasses that had green and purple lenses that made you see a different color in each eye. There was a table that picked up when you made a shadow, and thus would create an animal digitally on the table after picking up what you were trying to "put down," so to speak. If you can go through not only this museum, but also this town, I highly recommend it, as there is so much to occupy yourself with.


text:
The picture below shows a Chain DID VX Super Heavy Duty X-Ring. Thousands of other top quality spares listed on our website at refreshingly low prices.
The O-ring seals on DID's 'V' chain work to keep lubrication on the chain, enhancing its wear resistance by 18 times that of a standard DID chain. This means the chain will resist stretching more than a standard chain. The solid bushings and quad-riveted pins are resistant to shock and corrosion which also assists the chain's longevity.
Many OE manufacturer's chains now feature O-rings and if the original chain was sealed, it must be replaced with another sealed (O-Ring or X-Ring) chain.
DID's V O-Ring Chain is an excellent value chain that falls between the lower price standard chain and the superior sealed X-ring chain that sits in the higher price bracket.
|Pin Length
|Roller Diameter
|Plate Thickness
|Tensile Strength
|1.03kg/100 links
Sealed chains require lubrication every 500km (300m) in order to prevent surface rust and ensure performance.
For more information about transmission chains, take a look at our Chain Maintenance Guide or our Chain Dimensions Guide
All prices are in Pounds Sterling (GBP)and include VAT at 20% where applicable. VAT will be deducted at the checkout for goods supplied to outside the European Union.
Total: £ 0.00
(incl. VAT). Shipping calculated at checkout.


text:
Approaching midseason, you'd expect some clarity regarding the relative quality of teams in the NFL. In 2016, however, the league seems to reset from week to week. The Panthers had been terrible, but dominated the Cardinals in Week 8. Former powerhouses Seattle and Arizona can't get out of their own way on offense. The Packers were good, then, they stunk, now, they're good again? The Vikings were going to ride a dominant defense and cruise to an NFC North title … until a previously woeful Bears team pasted them on Monday Night.
About the only thing fantasy owners can count on right now is that the Patriots are really, really good. And – as sure as God made green apples – we can always look to the Browns as a matchup to exploit.
On to Week 9 …
Cowboys (@ Cleveland) Sunday, noon
The Browns have overtaken (undertaken?) the Raiders to become the league's worst defense. Cleveland has given up an average of 421.5 yards and 29.8 points per game. The Cowboys, on the other hand, can seem to do no wrong. Super Rookie Ezekiel Elliot has 799 yards and is averaging 5.0 yards per carry. With the Browns rush defense giving up an average of 4.8 yards per carry, this is a dream matchup.
Must start: Elliott
Solid play: Dak Prescott, Dez Bryant, Jason Witten, Dan Bailey
Worth a look: Cole Beasley, Cowboys D/ST
Last resort: Alfred Morris, Terrance Williams
Saints (@ 49ers) Sunday, 3:05
Mark Ingram's fumble earned him a trip onto the bench and into Sean Payton's doghouse. The thinking here is he will return as the feature back, but monitor the situation. The 49ers' 30th-ranked defense is giving up 31.7 points and 407 yards per game.
Must start: Drew Brees, Brandin Cooks
Solid play: Ingram, Michael Thomas, Coby Fleener, Wil Lutz
Worth a look: Tim Hightower, Willie Snead
Last resort: Saints D/ST
Packers (vs. Colts) Sunday, 3:25
We weren't sure that 1.5 quarters of offensive production against the Bears was proof that the Pack was back, but their 32 points in Atlanta serves as a stronger indication. With Brady on bye, Aaron Rodgers might be the top QB play of the week. Green Bay is spreading around the targets this season. That makes all of their WRs capable of a good day, but it also means that none of them is a lock. The over/under in this game (around 53) is the highest of the week. Monitor the injury status of Randall Cobb and Ty Montgomery.
Must start: Rodgers, Mason Crosby
Solid play: Jordy Nelson, Davante Adams
Worth a look: Knile Davis, Cobb*, Montgomery*
Last resort: Don Jackson, Aaron Ripkowski
Stay away: Packers D/ST
Falcons (@ Bucs) Thursday, 7:25
Most fantasy owners hate Thursday games. Judging from the ratings, the viewing public feels the same way. Setting aside concerns about an early game, the O/U in this game is 51.5, the second highest of Week 9.
Broncos (@ Raiders), Sunday, 7:30
This game is unlikely to be a shootout, but Denver should be able to churn out some yards against Oakland's 31st-ranked defense. The Broncos should score around 20-24 points and it looks like a particularly good matchup for Devontae Booker and Brandon McManus.
Lions (@ Vikings) Sunday, noon
After a Monday Night thumping by Chicago (yes, Chicago) the Vikings can no longer claim the No. 1 defense in the NFL. Having dropped two straight games, Minnesota's arrow is pointing down. However, the Lions have been wildly inconsistent on offense and the Vikes are still yielding an NFL low 14.9 points per game. Their two losses have been on the road. This feels like a bounce-back game, especially for Minnesota's defense.
Must start: none
Solid play: Marvin Jones, Eric Ebron
Worth a look: Matthew Stafford, Theo Riddick, Golden Tate, Lions D/ST
Last resort: Matt Prater
Stay away: Justin Forsett, Zach Zenner
Giants (vs. Eagles) Sunday, noon
Philadelphia allows 16.7 points per game – only New England, Seattle, and Minnesota are stingier. The Giants have been decidedly mediocre on offense. Eli Manning has thrown just 8 TDs (6 INTs) this season and New York has no ground game to speak of. Rashad Jennings is averaging just 2.7 yards on 52 carries.
Must start: Odell Beckham Jr.
Solid play: Giants D/ST
Worth a look: Manning, Jennings, Sterling Shepard
Last resort: Victor Cruz, Will Tye, Larry Donnell
Stay away: Paul Perkins
Jaguars (@ Chiefs) Sunday, noon
The Chiefs 15th-ranked defense could be considered underachievers, but a closer look suggests a unit better than its ranking. In Week 4, they gave up 439 yards and 43 points in a blowout loss to Pittsburgh. Factoring out that game, since Week 2, Kansas City's opponents have scored 19, 3, 10, 21 and 14 points, respectively. The only team to crest 20 was the explosive Saints – and they scored just 21, including a garbage-time TD. Last week, the Chiefs gave up just 10 to the Colts in Indy. Meanwhile, the Jaguars have regressed from a promising 2015. They are ranked 26th offensively and average just under 20 points per game. This would be a good week to start the Chiefs D/ST.
Must start: none
Solid play: none
Worth a look: Allen Robinson, Allen Hurns, Julius Thomas
Last resort: Blake Bortles, T.J. Yeldon, Chris Ivory, Jaguars D/ST
Stay away: Jason Myers
Bills (@ Seahawks) Monday, 7:30
Remember that 6-6 tie in Arizona a couple of weeks ago? Don't be surprised if this game looks a little like that one. The Seahawks have the league's 6th-ranked defense in terms of yards. They allow the second-fewest points (15.6) per game. On offense, the Bills are a below average 24th in total yards and a dismal 31st in passing yards. Only the woeful 49ers produce fewer yards through the air. If LeSean McCoy is sidelined, it is hard to envision Buffalo producing at a level that would justify much interest from fantasy owners.
Must start: none
Solid play: McCoy* (if active)
Worth a look: Mike Gillislee (if no McCoy), Bills D/ST
Last resort: Tyrod Taylor, Robert Woods, Charles Clay*
Stay away: Dan Carpenter
Dolphins (vs. Jets), Sunday, noon
The Jets' defense isn't very good overall, but they are No. 1 against the run, They give up just 74 rushing yards per game and 3.3 yards per attempt. Jay Ajayi remains a must start, but this is a below-average matchup for him.
*Check injury status


text:
Reserve Derek Clark for your next foster care conference and have him deliver a powerful keynote speech full of leadership, hope, courage and determination. His inspirational and educational message is sure to rejuvenate:
- Social Workers
- Foster Parents/Adoptive Parents
- Foster Children and Youth
- CASA Volunteers and Staff
- Family Court Personnel
- Group Home Staff
- Residential Treatment Center Staff
- Mental Health Professionals
- Teachers
- Youth Development Staff
- Child Protective Services – CPS
- Department of Children and Family Services
- Child Welfare Professionals
- Judges – Circuit Court Summits
- Juvenile Justice Employees
Derek Clark knows firsthand about overcoming adversity and taking leadership over your life. At the age of 5 years old, Derek was abandoned at a psychiatric facility where he would be diagnosed and misdiagnosed with many emotional and behavioral problems. He was later referred to the county social services where he would spend the next thirteen years in the foster care system. After he aged out and felt like he was going nowhere in life, he decided to embrace motivation.
In his early 20's, Derek discovered his great qualities and worked on leadership and vision skills. He is now widely considered a great leader with passion, vision, integrity, creativity, compassion and persistent determination. He is an international motivational speaker and the author of six books including Never Limit Your Life: From Personal to Professional, and the critically acclaimed I Will Never Give Up book series. Derek's previous successes include founding and performing as CEO at a very successful corporation.
Since achieving his professional dreams, Derek's life mission has become helping others find their personal leadership qualities and the mental strength to recognize and take advantage of opportunities. His keynotes are based on true-life trials and triumphs, and have inspired audiences in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Australia to have the mental strength to overcome adversity and fear. His purpose is to cultivate responsibility, drive, focus, and the courage to take action.
Derek believes that a great leader makes leaders. Jack Welch, one of the world's most respected and celebrated CEO's is known for his unmatched track record of success, enormous love of people, fierce passion for winning, and unbridled desire to change the world for the better. Jack once said, "Good business leaders create a vision, articulate the vision, passionately own the vision and relentlessly drive it to completion."
An inspiring and great leader has the discipline, dedication and the ability to take decisive action while working towards the "team" goal. Leaders are not all cut from the same mold and there is not a one-size that fits all blueprint. Every great leader has a detailed approach and a style of leadership that is unique. Great leaders have an amazing foundation of qualities and can communicate, motivate and inspire individual team members to rise up to a higher level.
Reserve Derek Clark now to make your foster care conference the most inspiring one yet!
Testimonials from foster care conferences:
Thank you so much for your wonderful keynote presentation! It was the best keynote that we've had in years and we've had some great ones!!! – Arkansas Counseling Association
Thank you so much for being the keynote for our conference. From the evaluations, your presentation was the highlight of the conference. Many were touched by your story and your success. They felt very honored that you would come and speak to them. Many of them commented that they were inspired to continue to reach out and not let go of that "difficult" teen or child. It was an honor to meet you and have you among us. Thanks again and much continued success to you. – University of Alabama
Derek's story is a reminder of why we do what we do. I learn from these stories about what things make a difference – perhaps we can help others in the face of adversity.
Absolutely amazing. One of the greatest presenters I've ever heard
Refreshing and restorative; why we do what we do
Very informative and enjoyed Derek Clark's real life experiences. What a horrible life but what a wonderful man Derek Clark turned out to be.
This training has opened my eyes to help the angry little boy we have now. THANK YOU Derek Clark. God Bless you Always
This session was awesome. I enjoyed hearing about Derek Clark's story from his perspective. As case managers, we read the files and see the kids but we don't always know the truth of how they feel.
Derek Clark was very interesting, moving and has an inspiring and wonderful testimony. He was a joy to hear. He touched my heart!
When you were speaking, things surprised me, it was the notion of you saying, there is a reason why we have a dream so live it. I've listened to many speakers before in my short life but for once that truly hit me.
I loved your story and presentation.
Derek! You were one of the best speakers I have ever heard and I just wanted to thank you for sharing your story with us! You were absolutely amazing!!! YOU rock!
Our students learned so much about determination and integrity from Derek Clark's inspiring, educational and enthusiastic presentation. It was amazing!
Derek Clark, you seriously were the best keynote speaker I have ever heard!
Derek! You are the best speaker I have ever heard and I just wanted to thank you for sharing your story with us! You were absolutely amazing!!! YOU Rock! When you were speaking, things surprised me, it was the notion of you saying, there is a reason why we have a dream so live it. I've listened to many speakers before in my short life but for once that truly hit me. Thank you!"
Want a Few Tips On Discovering Your Hidden Potential? Here are a few of Derek Clark's personal secrets to success!
These tips have consistently helped Derek achieve significant amounts of success.
Formulate a vision. Have goals and get ready to rock. Take action now. Any action will create motion and motion means you that are moving. Make use of your time instead of being used by it. Find purpose. If you have no purpose in life, you just bounce around in mediocrity. If you look around you and cannot find a purpose, try putting yourself in a new environment. New horizons force us to look at the world in a different way, and fresh ideas come from fresh surroundings.
Have fun. What good is making money if you don't know how to have any fun with it? Know how to laugh. A good, honest belly-laugh is more precious than gold. The days of our lives should not be filled with misery and grouchiness. A day without a laugh is a day that is wasted.
Vance Havner said it perfectly when he said, "Vision is not enough. It must be combined with venture. It is not enough to stare up the steps, we must step up the stairs."
Think of the first steps you are going to make. Step one is always believe in yourself. But it all starts with a goal. I write down my goals so that I can map out the means of getting there. It doesn't matter if it's a financial, physical, intellectual, or spiritual goal. Imagine what it feels like to have already achieved your goal. Get in commitment mode. How bad do you want to achieve the goal? What resources will you bring to bear in going after it? What sacrifices are you willing to make? If I am writing it down on paper, I am also writing it down in my head and imprinting it on my soul. I know I am fully committed. I will do whatever it takes to make the dream a reality.
Define your goals very clearly and precisely. It helps you map out and anticipate obstacles. It also helps you break the big goal down into smaller goals. Short-range goals are the stepping-stones on the way to achieving big things. Big goals don't get achieved overnight, but the little goals add up quickly, and when the big victory finally happens, it will feel like it happened overnight. My overnight success took almost sixteen years to accomplish, so I was not surprised when it happened. I'd spent every day of my life working towards it.
If it was easy, it wouldn't be worth it. Obstacles will come, oh yes they will. For me, working hard is a daily business. It is a marathon, not a sprint. "Success is not a result of luck. It is a result of how you spend your free time." I always have a few different goals, so that when I need a break from one I can focus on another. Very few painters work only on one piece at a time—they work on many. Put passion into all your actions, and have many actions devoted to different passions.
Tell yourself that you are going to have a life that counts. You are going to make an effort to never give up. You are full of determination. You are ready to work hard and play hard. You will be the master of your time. Let go of your mistakes; today is a new day. Be ground zero for an epidemic of positive energy. You are going to be a doer and not a procrastinator. You are going to be a dreamer and not a dream-denier. You are going to hang out with others who lift you up and encourage your self-actualization. Shed your bad habits, and let good habits take root through repetition.
Life is about making progress. People are going to try and talk you out of your dreams. They will suck up your time with nay-saying, or criticize you and pick you apart. But you tell them that Derek said to back off. Stay away from those people who are imprisoned by negativity. They're not even doing good for themselves, so how can they possibly be doing good for you?
Don't worry about failing. It is nothing. It is the voice of other people ringing inside our heads. Failure is a great teacher and in a way has been my friend all along. Remember Thomas Edison's quote: "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." Failure is also a test. Failure might be telling us that we need to change direction and execute a different plan of attack or a new strategy.
To be successful, we must be strategic in taking risks. Risks will take us to untamed and uncharted territory, but it is in these places that we become all we can be.
Stay creative. Sometimes you will have to sit quiet for thirty minutes, so you can clear your mind of all the noise. You will be amazed at what ideas or revelations come to you when you just put aside all the distractions of modern life.
Change the world by changing yourself. Once you are confident about your own ability to achieve, you can help create a world of achievers and leaders through your example.
Never limit your life, and never give up!


text:
"And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful that the risk it took to blossom." - Anais Nin
What a lovely photo!I do so adore roses too.
<3 I love your blog. I love you. You're lovely. x
It's so sad to see them wilting in the wintertime though! And thank you, Bella, as are you <33
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FCE project
Ngân sách $750-1500 USD
The purpose of this project is to build a full functioning website. The backend functionality will enable uploading, viewing, editing and presentation of video content-. It will entail analytics tools that would track various metrics of site activity and video viewing performance
I will need for the project to be done in .NET
Được trao cho:
Hello, We are professional developers with similar development expertise. We assure you best quality designs/work with unlimited number of revisions. Please view PMB for details. Thanks
9 freelancer đang chào giá trung bình $1246 cho công việc này
Quality is a great issue. Please have a look at our profile and reviews to select the winning bidder. Thanks, Tonmay
we specialize in large web based applications. We are a group of professionls having 5+ years experience in web application/site development. lets discuss and finalize. Please check PMB.
Looking forward to your prompt reply. [Please check PMB].
Hi I am working as a freelancer from last three years and having more than 5 year of experience give me opporutnity to do this work. Thanks Suman
Hi Good Morning, Hope you are well. We have reviewed your proposal and we found that we can fit into your requirement. We have very strong expertise in building small to large scale web application. Core Ex Thêm
We are a team of higly skilled, qualified, experienced and dedicated developers. We have a vast experience in the web development. We worked on more then 100 ColdFusion, SEO,.Net, C#, ASP.Net, PHP/MySQL, AJAX, XML, CSS Thêm
we can always start doing the project after you accepted my design.


text:
Copy Right Graphics Corp
6370 Manor Ln., South Miami, FL 33143
(305) 740-6333
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6370 Manor Ln.
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South Miami
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(305) 740-6333
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Kent Harrison
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According to our records, this business is located at 6370 Manor Ln. in South Miami (in Miami-Dade County), Florida 33143, the location GPS coordinates are: 25.6994368 (latitude), -80.2967823 (longitude). Copy Right Graphics Corp is categorized under Graphic Designers (SIC code 7336). Known organization president is Kent Harrison. Current estimates show that the unit has a sales volume of $640,000 and staff of approximately 4 people. You can contact the company by phone at (305) 740-6333. Business website can be accessed at www.copyrightgraphics.com.
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Random problems with Macbook booting
- Member Since
- Oct 10, 2008
- Posts
- 2
Hi, couple weeks ago I began experiencing problems with booting my Macbook. I could hear the chime sound, then appeared the spinning wheel sign and after 10-12 seconds since I'd pressed the power button the screen went dark and then I had to press the power button again and then again to turn it on.
Every time it happens after the second boot I don't have any problems at all, I can work 7-8 hours with no problems unless I put my Macbook into sleep - if I do it happens again.
I tried to turn off Airport before shutting down, I thought perhaps it may cause this problem, and it helped me several times but since it hasn't solved the problem entirely now I don't think that the wifi card maybe the reason. I have S.M.A.R.T running with 30 mins interval check so I'm sure it's not a HD, which I actually changed 6 months ago.
I made Archive & Install couple times and I did have the same problem without having any updates (10.5.2 and up) being installed so I believe the software is not the reason as well, or at least not entirely. I'm attaching the system.log file to give you the full picture of what's going on as I hope there is somebody who knows what message in this system log mean.
I would really appreciate if somebody may point me out - what does go wrong with my boot process.
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text:
Hints of Hope
"Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul—
and sings the tunes without the words - and never stops at all."
—Emily Dickinson
I spotted the first robin a few weeks ago.
The return of the seasonal birds in my area announces the coming of spring. A welcomed sight after a cold, snowy winter.
The next day I saw a deer, an opossum, and a raccoon. The animals were waking and starting to move—another muffled whisper of spring.
Yet the weather remained dreary, the winds chilly, and gray clouds hid the sun. Winter persisted. The frozen ground imprisoned spring flowers. I began to wonder if the animals were wrong.
But the birds knew better weather was coming, even if no human could see it yet. The animals sensed the hints of spring. That first robin sat on the fragile branch of hope and sang.
Life is difficult much of the time. Concerns weigh upon our hearts. We face challenges and obstacles not of our choosing. Like the buried seeds, we feel detained in darkness and just want to escape into the freedom of fresh air and sunlight.
The positive practice of holding onto hope brings us patience and persistence. We cling to the hints that things will get better and sing along with those early birds.
Hope is fragile and powerful at the same time. Hope can be elusive, hard to hold onto in changing circumstances, yet hope brings the right glimmer of light to help us see beyond the current moment.
I can't imagine a life without hope. I couldn't survive winter without knowing spring will return. I love to watch for that first robin perch on the bare skeleton of my backyard lilac bush and sing about the unseen arrival of blossoms.
We can choose despair or hope.
I choose hope.
Jean Wise is a writer, blogger, speaker, and retreat leader. She is a spiritual director and a Deacon in the Lutheran tradition (ELCA). She writes twice a week on her blog, Healthy Spirituality. Jean lives in Edon, Ohio, USA, with her husband enjoying their empty nest as their three adult children have flown the coop.
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On Memorial Day I decided that Adderall's Risk/Benefit ratio wasn't paying off. I knew I'd have a rough couple of days and I did. The first four were miserable, both physically and mentally. I sweat so much I couldn't believe it.
I've been depressed ever since. Depression is an odd thing. Anhedonia (the inability to feel pleasure) is even weirder.
But in my 25 years of being bipolar, I have a war chest full of coping strategies to make this syndrome a little more tolerable.
I'm going to do a 'top ten' list tomorrow. Today, despite the fact that I have a broken toe, I'm going take a short walk and try to get sunshine in my eyes. I broke my toe 12 weeks ago and haven't been able to exercise. I think exercise would help me get some traction on my mood. It will be interesting to see if I enjoy it.
From what I see on the internet, this withdrawal/depression syndrome can last as long as a year. I'm going to have to make the best of it!! And if I ever do recover, it will make a great chapter for a book.
I know that I have something to say on the business of bipolar disorder, but haven't figured out just how to say it!


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The month of February capped off two of the biggest televised music events of the year: the Super Bowl halftime show and the Grammy Awards, with viewing figures at an all-time high.
According to Nielsen, Lady Gaga's Super Bowl halftime show pulled in a record number of viewers, and her sales increased over 1,000% in the immediate wake of the performance. Meanwhile, the sum of all the songs performed on the Grammy telecast generated a 140% increase in song sales and a 30% increase in on-demand streams — an addition of 319,000 song sales and nearly 21 million on-demand streams. The median title increased 354% in song sales and 46% in on-demand streams.
In terms of awards, the night belonged to Adele, who swept the pop album and song categories. After performing "Hello" as the programme opener, sales of her record-breaking album 25 increased 238% for the week. Her stop-restart tribute performance of George Michael's "Fast Love" boosted sales of that song by 2,434% week on week.
Adele might have won out over Beyoncé for Record and Album of the Year, but Beyoncé's performance of "Love Drought" and "Sandcastles" lifted sales of those two songs by 569% and 410%, respectively, with on-demand streams leaping 1679% and 3394%. Sales of Beyoncé's Lemonade increased 241%, and total consumption for all the artist's music increased 196%.
Keith Urban and Carrie Underwood did not take home any Grammys, but their duet on "The Fighter" pushed sales up 574%. Lukas Graham and Kelsea Ballerini also missed out on their respective awards, but a duet on both of their hit songs "7 Years" and "Peter Pan" pushed sales up more than 290%.
"While a Grammy nomination delivers prestige and a lift in sales, there is still nothing like a televised performance to an engaged audience to drive sales increases," Nielsen noted.


text:
Induction of the Paraoxonase-1 Gene Expression by Resveratrol
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Objective— The human paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme, mainly secreted by the liver, that displays protective properties toward cardiovascular disease and organophosphate intoxication. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes and wine and is thought to display cardioprotective effects. It is able to interact with transcriptional modulators such as the estrogen receptor α (ERα). We investigated the effect of resveratrol on the PON-1 gene expression.
Methods and Results— PON-1 activity assays, Northern blot, and transfection experiments showed that resveratrol increased the PON-1 gene expression in human hepatocyte primary cultures and in the HuH7 hepatoma cell line involving a transcriptional mechanism. The resveratrol effect was not ERα-dependent and was surprisingly mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and an unconventional AhR responsive element in the PON-1 gene promoter. This agonist effect of resveratrol was specific for this DNA motif and was not observed on classical AhR responsive elements.
Conclusions— These observations suggest that the PON-1 gene induction may be involved in the cardioprotective properties of resveratrol. They also highlight a ligand-dependent differential modulation of AhR-sensitive genes.
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated serum enzyme mainly secreted by the liver.1 It has been shown to display preventive properties against cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, mainly caused by the inactivation of oxidized phospholipids carried by HDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).2,3 PON-1–deficient mice are more susceptible to lipoprotein oxidation, atherosclerosis, and organophosphates intoxication,4 whereas PON-1 transgenic mice display decreased atherosclerotic lesions.5 The PON-1 status (association of genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors modulating serum PON-1 activity) has been linked to the individual susceptibility to CVD.6
LDL oxidation is believed to initiate the development of atherosclerosis.7 Antioxidant vitamins have thus been considered as a possible therapy for cardiovascular protection, but clinical trials results were disappointing.8,9 Because of its antioxidant activity, PON-1 is also considered as a promising target for CVD therapy6,9 and the pharmacological stimulation of the PON-1 gene expression is a relevant approach for this application.
Moderate wine consumption appears to have potential beneficial effects related to the prevention of atherosclerosis.7 This observation was in part attributed to the biological properties of its polyphenolic components, mainly flavonoids and resveratrol.7,10 However, the polyphenols molecular mechanisms of action still remain unclear.
Both wine consumption and the isolated flavonoids quercetin and catechin increase serum PON-1 activity in human and mice.9,11 We recently reported that quercetin, a partial agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR),12 and the classical "synthetic" AhR ligands like polycyclic aryl hydrocarbons induce the PON-1 gene expression.13
The phytoalexin resveratrol is considered to be a major biologically active component contributing to the beneficial effect of wine.14,15 Pharmacologically relevant concentrations of resveratrol (in the micromolar range) have been reported in plasma after moderate wine intake. Furthermore, it was shown to accumulate in the liver.16 Biologically, resveratrol displays antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and to decrease serum triglycerides and LDL levels in vivo.15,17
Resveratrol is known to modulate gene expression. Its antioxidant properties have been reported to antagonize gene transcription involving oxidative stress sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) or activator protein 1 (AP-1).18 It has also been shown to display an estrogenic activity by interacting with the estrogen receptor (ER).14,19 Furthermore, resveratrol has been shown to bind to the AhR, but, in contrast to other polyphenols like quercetin, it was reported only to antagonize its activity.20
We investigated whether the PON-1 gene induction could be involved in the potential benefits of resveratrol and investigated the associated molecular mechanisms.
Chemicals were obtained from Sigma (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France).
Cell Culture
The human hepatoma cell line HuH7 was cultivated as previously described.21 In experiments assessing the role of ERα, cells were treated using a culture medium without phenol red supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum devoid of steroids.22 Human primary hepatocyte cultures (kindly provided by Dr P. Maurel, INSERM U128, Montpellier, France) were prepared and cultured as previously described.23
PON-1 Enzymatic Activity
HuH7 cells (5×105 cells per 6-well dish) were treated with 10 μmol/L resveratrol for 48 hours in usual culture medium. After this period, the medium was withdrawn and cells were washed with PBS. New medium containing heated fetal calf serum (90 minutes at 56°C, resulting in the loss of serum-associated PON-1 arylesterase activity) was then added. After a 24-hour incubation, PON-1–secreted and cell-associated activities were measured as previously described.21
Northern Blots
Human primary hepatocytes and HuH7 cells were treated for 48 hours with 10 μmol/L resveratrol or with the solvent vehicle alone (ethanol 0.1%). RNA preparation and Northern blot experiments were performed as previously described.13
The sequence of the PON-1 gene is accessible in Genebank under AC004022. The reporter vectors driven by various fragments of the PON-1 and the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene promoters were described elsewhere.13,21 The pERE-Tk-CAT vector, expressing the CAT reporter gene under the control of a consensus estradiol responsive element (ERE), was a gift from Dr L. Massade (INSERM U490, Paris, France). The pSG5-AhR and pSG5-ERα plasmids, expressing, respectively, the human AhR and ERα, were generous gifts from Dr J. F. Savouret (INSERM U530, Paris, France) and Dr L. Massade.
Transfection Experiments
Transient transfection experiments were performed in HuH7 cells using the calcium phosphate coprecipitation method as previously described (2 μg of reporter vector on 1.5×105 cells in 12-wells plates21). Firefly luciferase and CAT assays were performed as previously described.24 Experiments on HuH7 stably transfected clones expressing the luciferase under the control of the 1009-bp promoter of the PON-1 gene were performed as previously described.21
Design of AhR-Targeted Specific Short Interfering RNA
AhR-specific siRNA duplex sequence was designed and prepared as previously described.13 AhR-directed and control (nonsilencing) short interfering RNA (siRNA) were synthesized by Qiagen (Les Ulis, France).
Student 2-tailed t tests were performed using the Statview software (Abacus Concepts, Inc).
Effect of Resveratrol on the PON-1 Gene Expression
We investigated the effect of resveratrol on the PON-1 gene mRNA levels in human hepatocytes and in the HuH7 hepatoma cell line. Northern blot analysis showed that resveratrol treatment increased PON-1 mRNA levels in both cell types >2-fold (Figure 1A). To assess the subsequent induction of functional PON-1 synthesis, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on the secreted and cell-associated PON-1 arylesterase activities in HuH7 cells (Figure 1B). The resveratrol treatment resulted in a significant increase of both activities (62±5% and 50±2% for secreted and cell-associated activity, respectively). The total protein content of HuH7 cells was not significantly affected by the resveratrol treatment, suggesting that resveratrol was not cytotoxic at the doses used in this study (data not shown). Because PON-1 has been shown to be inactivated by oxidative conditions,25 we investigated whether the observed effect was related to an antioxidant mechanism. In the same conditions, no increase was observed when cells were treated with N-acetylcysteine, a potent antioxidant molecule (but this molecule enhanced the enzymatic activity when directly added in the assay medium, data not shown). Because the experimental protocol includes a medium replacement with resveratrol-free medium 24 hours before the enzymatic assay, it is likely that the effect shown in Figure 1B is not a direct chemical (antioxidant) effect of resveratrol on the PON-1 enzymatic activity.
Effect of Resveratrol on the PON-1 Gene Promoter Activity
The effect of resveratrol on the PON-1 gene promoter activity was tested using transient transfection assays in HuH7 cells with the pPON1000-FL reporter vector comprising the luciferase reporter gene driven by the 1-kb promoter of the PON-1 gene. As shown in Figure 2A, the resveratrol treatment elicited a dose-dependent increase of the PON-1 gene promoter activity. This observation was confirmed in HuH7 cells stably transfected with pPON1000-FL: resveratrol significantly increased the PON-1 gene promoter activity in 2 cellular clones and a pool of clones (Figure 2B).
The Effect of Resveratrol Is Independent of the ERα
Resveratrol is known to modulate gene expression through ERα activation.14,19 Because of the presence of 2 ERE-like sequences in the PON-1 gene promoter (Table I, available online at http://atvb.ahajournals.org), we investigated the involvement of ERα in the observed effect using transient transfection experiments in HuH7 cells (Figure I, available online at http://atvb.ahajournals.org). Cotransfection of 100 ng of an ERα-expressing vector markedly increased the basal activity of the PON-1 gene promoter but did not improve the resveratrol effect (Figure IA). In the absence of ERα overexpression, resveratrol displayed no inducing effect on a promoter containing a consensus ERE, suggesting that endogenous ERα was not sufficient to mediate the resveratrol estrogenic effect (Figure IB). However, the resveratrol estrogenic activity was confirmed in cells overexpressing ERα because it activated this control promoter almost 3-fold.
We then assessed the effect of ICI 182 to 780, a specific ERα antagonist,22 on the PON-1 gene induction elicited by resveratrol. Cotreatment with 100 nmol/L ICI 182 to 780 did not antagonize the effect of 10 μmol/L resveratrol (Figure IC). When ERα was overexpressed, ICI-182 to 780 decreased by 40% the basal activity of a promoter containing a consensus ERE and abolished its induction by resveratrol (Figure ID). These results suggest that ERα does not mediate the PON-1 gene induction elicited by resveratrol.
Mapping of Responsive Elements Within the Promoter Sequence
Deletions of the PON-1 gene promoter were used in transient transfections assays to define the location of putative responsive elements mediating the resveratrol effect (Figure 3). The PON-1 gene promoter does not display any canonical binding site for the transcription factors AP-1 and NFκB, which were reported to be modulated by resveratrol.18 Serial deletions of the promoter allowed us to identify 2 regions possibly involved in the resveratrol effect. The promoter activation was significantly lower (P<0.01) with the 2 shortest deleted promoters (−106 and −71 bp) than with the larger ones (−1014, −194, −126 bp). These data suggest that the regions (−126; −106) and (−71; −4) are involved in the PON-1 gene regulation by resveratrol. The ERE-like sequences present in the PON-1 gene promoter are located upstream of the −126 position, which is consistent with an ERα-independent mechanism. Other signaling pathways may thus be involved in the resveratrol effect.
The Effect of Resveratrol Is AhR-Dependent.
We recently reported that AhR ligands could activate the PON-1 gene expression.13 AhR-dependent gene regulation is known to be mediated by xenobiotics responsive elements (XRE) (core consensus sequence GCGTG) in target gene promoters.26 We showed that the regulation of the PON-1 gene by AhR was mediated by an unusual XRE-like element (core sequence GCGGG, only matching 4/5 of the core consensus sequence), located between positions −118 and −114.13 This element is located in 1 of the 2 regions required for resveratrol action (Figure 3).
Although resveratrol has been described as an AhR antagonist inhibiting the transcription of CYP1A1, the paradigm of AhR-mediated gene regulation,20 we hypothesized that its functional effects on the AhR could be promoter-dependent. We thus investigated the involvement of the AhR in the induction of the PON-1 gene elicited by resveratrol using transfection experiments in the HuH7 cell line. The cotransfection of 100 ng of an AhR-expressing vector slightly but significantly improved the effect of resveratrol (1.33-fold ±0.05, P<0.01, n=12, data not shown).
We then assessed the effect of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), an AhR antagonist,27 on the PON-1 gene induction elicited by resveratrol (Figure 4A). 7-KC treatment slightly decreased the basal activity of the promoter and abolished the resveratrol effect.
We also used targeted gene silencing: endogenous AhR expression was inhibited with a specific AhR-targeted siRNA (Figure 4B). The efficiency of this approach was previously established and the control siRNA did not affect the PON-1 gene promoter activity.13 In these experiments, cells were treated for 24 hours, because preliminary experiments showed that siRNA-mediated gene silencing was most efficient ≈40 hours after transfection.13 The inducing effect of resveratrol was therefore more limited than that previously shown. The basal activity of the promoter was not affected by AhR gene silencing. In contrast, the inducing effect of resveratrol was completely abolished, confirming the involvement of AhR in the regulation of the PON-1 gene by resveratrol.
Involvement of the Identified XRE-Like Element in Resveratrol Effect
To assess whether the XRE-like element located between positions −118 and −114 was necessary to mediate the PON-1 gene regulation by resveratrol, a promoter containing a mutation within this putative XRE was tested (Table I). The effect of resveratrol on this mutated PON-1 gene promoter was investigated by transient transfection experiments (Figure 4C). The basal activity was not significantly affected by the mutation, whereas the induction achieved by resveratrol was significantly lower. These results suggest that the identified XRE-like sequence is the DNA target of resveratrol-activated AhR in the PON-1 gene promoter. However, consistently with deletions experiments, this XRE-like sequence does not seem to account alone for the entire effect of resveratrol. In this study, we focused on the effect of resveratrol mediated by the (−126; −106) region of the PON-1 gene promoter to further characterize the unexpected contribution of this XRE-like element.
To assess whether the isolated (−126; −106) region was sufficient to mediate the PON-1 regulation by resveratrol, 3 copies of this sequence (wild-type or mutated) were inserted upstream of a classical minimal TATA element driving the luciferase reporter gene, yielding, respectively, the p(XRE-PON)3-FL and p(mutXRE-PON)3-FL plasmids. As shown in Figure 4D, resveratrol induced the activity of the wild-type sequence. Under the same conditions, the presence of the mutation within the identified XRE-like element significantly decreased the effect of resveratrol, confirming the role of this element. Interestingly, in the same conditions, the activity of a promoter containing 3 consensus XREs from the CYP1A1 gene (XRE-1A1 in Figure 4D) was not modified by resveratrol, whereas the same promoter was highly sensitive to classical AhR ligands such as dioxin or polycyclic aryl hydrocarbons (data not shown).
In this study, we show that resveratrol increases the PON-1 gene expression in primary hepatocyte cultures and in the HuH7 hepatoma cell line by inducing the PON-1 gene promoter activity.
Several in vivo and in vitro studies proposed molecular mechanisms that could explain potential beneficial effects of wine consumption on CVD. These mechanisms are mostly related to the antioxidant properties of some of its polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, which are present in relatively high concentrations in wine.7,15 The in vivo bioavailability of these compounds remains controversial and it is still unclear whether their plasmatic concentrations after wine consumption are sufficient.16,28 However, direct supplementation with these molecules seems to elicit higher plasmatic and hepatic concentrations and may trigger biological effects.29 Resveratrol has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation in vivo.17 This effect could in part stem from a direct chemical antioxidant activity because resveratrol also inhibits LDL oxidation in vitro.10 But the antioxidant effect of resveratrol may not be the sole explanation for this protective effect, especially because in vivo biologically relevant antioxidants such as vitamins did not appear to be clinically protective.8,9 Other biological properties of resveratrol were described, including the inhibition of platelet aggregation, cellular proliferation, and migration in the vascular wall.15 Because PON-1 protects from and reverses LDL oxidation, the induction of the PON-1 gene by resveratrol could be a new mechanism supporting its potential anti-atherogenic effect.
Some of the atheroprotective properties of resveratrol were explained by its capacity to modulate the expression of genes involved in atherosclerosis development such as cyclo-oxygenase 2,30 endothelial nitric oxide synthase,31 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.18 Resveratrol was shown to interact with several regulatory pathways involving the transcription factors NFκB and AP-1.18 The 1-kb PON-1 gene promoter does not display canonical binding sites for AP-1 or NFκB. In addition, in our experimental system, the PON-1 gene promoter is not activated by antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine and thioredoxin (data not shown). Resveratrol was reported to modulate gene expression through binding to ER.14,19 Because of the presence of 2 ERE-like sequences in the PON-1 gene promoter and because of the estrogenic activity of resveratrol in HuH7 cells, we investigated the involvement of ERα in the regulation of the PON-1 gene by resveratrol. However, ERα does not appear to mediate this effect.
Unexpectedly, we found that the PON-1 gene inducing effect of resveratrol was, at least partially, directly mediated by the AhR. An unusual responsive element involved in the induction elicited by resveratrol was identified. Using electromobility shift assays, we observed that the resveratrol-activated AhR binds to this element. Although the identified sequence is reminiscent of an Sp1 binding site, competition experiments suggested that this transcription factor did not bind to this motif (data not shown). The responsive element, differing from the consensus core XRE, was also recently shown to mediate the induction of the PON-1 gene expression by AhR agonists, including polycyclic aryl hydrocarbon pollutants and the flavonoid quercetin.13 Quercetin has previously been shown to activate the AhR and to induce the expression of AhR target genes (such as CYP1A1) through a classical XRE.12 In contrast, resveratrol had been shown to antagonize the CYP1A1 induction elicited by AhR. Resveratrol-liganded AhR binds to the consensus XRE sequence but does not stimulate a subsequent transcriptional activity.20 We confirmed this observation because resveratrol did not activate isolated consensus XREs from the CYP1A1 promoter. Despite its presumed antagonistic properties on the AhR, resveratrol exerts paradoxical agonistic effects on AhR-mediated PON-1 gene activation. These observations suggest that AhR-mediated gene induction is both ligand-dependent and promoter-dependent. Different ligands could modulate the affinity of the AhR for various DNA target sequences (such as PON-1 or CYP1A1 XREs) and elicit a differential recruitment of coactivators and/or a modification of the DNA superstructure.
AhR involvement in atherosclerosis development is not clear, but it is usually thought to play a deleterious role because the exposure to classical AhR ligands such as dioxins may be linked to the development of atherosclerosis.32 The AhR antagonist activity of resveratrol on "toxic" genes (such as CYP1A1) was proposed to explain some of its preventive activities. Our results suggest that these properties may also be caused by a direct AhR activation in different promoter contexts and by the subsequent specific induction of "protective" target genes such as PON-1. This should lead to the reassessment of the AhR as a pharmacological target in CVD.
In conclusion, this study provides a new molecular mechanism explaining the potential cardiovascular protection attributed to resveratrol. Because PON-1 constitutes a promising pharmacological target for CVD prevention, and because the level of the PON-1 gene expression has a significant impact on serum PON-1 activity,3,6,9 the clinical efficiency of resveratrol in this application is worth evaluating. Furthermore, resveratrol may also protect against organophosphates intoxications, at least in the case of low-dose exposure.
We are grateful to Dr J. F. Savouret and Dr L. Massade for providing us with plasmids. We also thank Dr P. Maurel for providing us with primary hepatocytes cultures.
This work was supported by the Délégation Générale pour l'Armement, Université René Descartes, Région Ile de France, Société Française de Toxicologie, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, and a "Vin et Santé" grant. C. G. had a "Délégation Générale pour l'Armement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" grant, followed by Société Française de Toxicologie and Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale grants.
- Received June 14, 2004.
- Accepted September 8, 2004.
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Deakin S, Leviev I, Gomaraschi M, Calabresi L, Franceschini G, James RW. Enzymatically active paraoxonase-1 is located at the external membrane of producing cells and released by a high-affinity, saturable, desorption mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2001; 28: 28.
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Gouedard C, Barouki R, Morel Y. Dietary polyphenols increase paraoxonase 1 gene expression by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Biol. 2004; 24: 5209–5222.
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Gusman J, Malonne H, Atassi G. A reappraisal of the potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties of resveratrol. Carcinogenesis. 2001; 22: 1111–1117.
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Pervaiz S. Resveratrol: from grapevines to mammalian biology. FASEB J. 2003; 17: 1975–1985.
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Carluccio MA, Siculella L, Ancora MA, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Storelli C, Visioli F, Distante A, De Caterina R. Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit endothelial activation: antiatherogenic properties of Mediterranean diet phytochemicals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003; 23: 622–629.
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Casper RF, Quesne M, Rogers IM, Shirota T, Jolivet A, Milgrom E, Savouret JF. Resveratrol has antagonist activity on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: implications for prevention of dioxin toxicity. Mol Pharmacol. 1999; 56: 784–790.
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Gouedard C, Koum-Besson N, Barouki R, Morel Y. Opposite Regulation of the Human Paraoxonase-1 Gene PON-1 by Fenofibrate and Statins. Mol Pharmacol. 2003; 63: 945–956.
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Coumoul X, Diry M, Robillot C, Barouki R. Differential regulation of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 by a combination of dioxin and pesticides in the breast tumor cell line MCF-7. Cancer Res. 2001; 61: 3942–3948.
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Drocourt L, Ourlin JC, Pascussi JM, Maurel P, Vilarem MJ. Expression of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 is regulated by the vitamin D receptor pathway in primary human hepatocytes. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277: 25125–25132.
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Morel Y, Barouki R. Down-regulation of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene promoter by oxidative stress. Critical contribution of nuclear factor 1. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273: 26969–26976.
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Savouret JF, Antenos M, Quesne M, Xu J, Milgrom E, Casper RF. 7-ketocholesterol is an endogenous modulator for the arylhydrocarbon receptor. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276: 3054–3059.
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Sale S, Verschoyle RD, Boocock D, Jones DJ, Wilsher N, Ruparelia KC, Potter GA, Farmer PB, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. Pharmacokinetics in mice and growth-inhibitory properties of the putative cancer chemopreventive agent resveratrol and the synthetic analogue trans 3,4,5,4′-tetramethoxystilbene. Br J Cancer. 2004; 90: 736–744.
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Subbaramaiah K, Chung WJ, Michaluart P, Telang N, Tanabe T, Inoue H, Jang M, Pezzuto JM, Dannenberg AJ. Resveratrol inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 transcription and activity in phorbol ester-treated human mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273: 21875–21882.
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- Induction of the Paraoxonase-1 Gene Expression by ResveratrolCédric Gouédard, Robert Barouki and Yannick MorelArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2004;24:2378-2383, originally published December 2, 2004https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000146530.24736.ce
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When I started this blog about a year ago, I didn't know the differences between materials. I believed that all dildos, vibrators, cock rings and so on were created equal! Oh how every wrong I was, I even remember one of the toys that I had first reviewed and said I loved to death was the Gumdrop Anal plug. Made from a material called Crystalessence, sounds classy right like it would be safe? It's really just another name for PVC and Rubber which is about one step up from Jelly. It looked like jelly and it had this sickening sweet chemical smell that never quite went away. But because of the name I didn't think anything badly of it, why name it something that sounds good…when its bad? Oh how wrong I was, they said its non-porous that's a lie. Before I tossed it out during my move, it still reeked of the bacon lube I tested on it. Which was month…MONTHS after and many a washing. I wish I still had this toy to show you how horrid it looks after a year, the shine to it had gotten very cloudy with lord knows what and it was just a mess! I seriously regret ever putting it in my butt!
Those where the days where I was such a sweet summer child about my sex toys as many tend to be when they start to dip their toes into. I just wanted to get the toys I could and get them for cheap as I was on a bit of a budget then. But I learned, I read great articles about how toxic these toys are and watched videos discussing it! Below are just a few but seriously do a Google search sometime for Toxic Sex toys and you will get everything from blog articles to Reddit discussions!
These are toys that we are using in our most sensitive of parts, made with materials that we wouldn't allow children to use. So what are we to do? The best testing we have had so far is things like 'the smell test' or 'the flame test' and while sniffing all of your toys or burning them is easy. You would think that companies would test the materials themselves. But they don't, it's not cost-effective to find out that a toy that is costing you little to make but a lot to sell is unsafe.
That's where Dildology comes in, like sex toy ninja's in the night! (okay maybe not but it sounded cool…)
What is Dildology you may ask?
Dildology is a non-profit group run by three fantastic bloggers (Dangerous Lilly, Crista Anne and X. Valentine Orenda) that the majority of the donations that are received go towards testing products so that we really find out what the toys out there have in them! So that the information we get comes from is reliable, and comes from a source that is unbiased and unaffiliated. The remainder will be spent on fundraising merchandise and incentives, and equipment for experiments and the development of educational resources. Donations are their sole means of getting toys tested for everyone.
There is a perfect quote from their press release that really sums up the heart of this all.
"In an industry that is largely unregulated, consumers have been relying on the manufacturers to disclose the materials used in any given sex toy," says blogger Dangerous Lilly, the organization's marketing director. "But the fact is no governing body requires full disclosure, or even any ounce of truth. We think it's about time consumers have reliable information on the toys they're using so intimately with their bodies."
Which is why they are holding a fundraiser now, with bloggers just like myself talking about the project and why it is so important to support it.
But how do you donate?
Well by clicking this little button below or going straight to the main page of Dildology.
There are some fantastic things for donating to help fund these projects such as Donations of $15 or more will receive a 15% off code for SheVibe.com or 10% off a LoveHoney UK order (for those who donate from the UK). There are also many things depending on your level of donation, but every bit helps.
Currently they are looking to raise $1,500 dollars, which will allow them to test about 3 to 5 items depending on their material. What toy have they currently got their eyes set on? The James Deen Realistic dildo from Doc Johnson, which is made from PVC and 'Sil-a-Gel' so it going to be interesting to see what is in that one I think!
And don't just take it from me, this whole month bloggers like myself and others are writing about how important this is. Check out the big main post for the Blog Carnival by clicking on the banner below!


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By Nick Childs, Senior Fellow for Maritime Forces and Naval Security
Much of the discussion at this year's Defence & Security Equipment International (DSEI 2017) exhibition, held on 12–15 September, surrounded the viability of the new United Kingdom National Shipbuilding Strategy, announced virtually on the eve of the event.
This included whether the UK's defence industry, and potential international partners, can really deliver a 'credible' frigate for UK Royal Navy (RN) purposes, and a design that is attractive to potential export customers, for a unit price target of £250 million (US$310m).
There are widespread doubts as to whether all these goals are achievable. On the export front, the market is already crowded with established players, including from the rest of Europe, and emerging players, not least China, who are developing or have developed their own industries and will be competing in the export arena. Much will depend on how the industrial partnerships form to bid for the Type-31e contract, and also – of course – on which design ultimately appears most likely to meet the requirements.
The field is probably finite, for two key reasons. One is that the National Shipbuilding Strategy stipulates a 'UK-owned' design. The second is the very tight timeline for the first Type-31e to be in service by 2023 when the oldest of the RN's current Type-23 frigates, HMS Argyll, is due to be withdrawn, suggesting the need for a design that exists, at least 'on paper', now.
The UK requirement for a new, cheaper general-purpose frigate (which became the Type-31e) was revealed in the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review. Soon after, BAE Systems unveiled two design concepts that might fit the requirement: at the lower end of the capability spectrum, the Avenger concept was evolved from the company's Batch 2 River-class offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) being built for the RN; and the higher-capability Cutlass concept was a development of the Al-Shamikh-class corvettes built for the Royal Omani Navy.
Given that the whole thrust of the new shipbuilding strategy is to re-inject competition into UK industry, BAE Systems might be forgiven for thinking that the odds will be stacked against their designs. Perhaps significantly, neither design concept featured on BAE's stand at DSEI. That need not preclude the company taking on a significant role, however. And much will depend on whether any of the other potential designs are in the end considered viable.
In terms of the rest of the field, BMT Defence Systems' Venator-110 design has long been seen as a strong contender. It has been developed by the company specifically to meet international requirements. It pre-dates the Type-31e requirement, but is widely perceived as being adaptable to meet it.
Steller Systems has entered the fray with its Project Spartan design. And late in the day, Babcock International revealed its hand with its 120 metre Arrowhead 120 concept, leveraging its recent experience building OPVs for the Irish Navy but representing a significant departure from that design, with a significantly more adaptable, capable and balanced design.
The UK Ministry of Defence is about to hold industry days to provide more information for potential bidders on its thinking. And it no doubt will be looking for a better sense from industry on the appetite to take on this project. Much will depend on how consortiums might coalesce around the potential designs, including shipyard interest, and the providers of the combat systems and equipment fits, as to how much 'headroom' there will be between delivering the platform that the RN would like and the systems it feels it requires.
The challenge, though, is considerable. The immediate past First Sea Lord and Chief of the UK Naval Staff, Admiral Sir George Zambellas, has said he would be 'very surprised' if it were possible to produce a properly capable and credible platform for £250m. Another knowledgeable industrial source at DSEI said that he thought the RN would be 'disappointed' in terms of the capabilities that will be on offer.
As another indicator of the challenge, the total programme for five Type-31es for the RN is essentially £1.25 billion (US$1.55bn). France, meanwhile, has also recently launched a scaled-down frigate programme to complement a reduced number of FREMM frigates in the French Navy. The total budget for its five medium frigates (Fregate de Taille Intermediaire) is put at €3.8bn (£3.4bn, US$4.2bn).
Intriguingly, the UK National Shipbuilding Strategy states that, if industry is unable to meet the challenge of the Type 31e approach, 'we will revise our plans'. But what the alternatives would be is far from clear. However, the clock is certainly now ticking.
This analysis originally featured on the Military Balance+, the new IISS online database that enables users in government, the armed forces and the private sector, as well as academia and the media, to make faster and better-informed decisions. The Military Balance+ allows users to customise, view, compare and download data instantly, anywhere, anytime.
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