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The Ultimate Guide To Discount Properties Denver Colorado
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four of five There have been some slight issues, and that is to be envisioned of an more mature cabin. A bulb or two was out in the toilet and one of the sliding doorways was tough to open up-but the perspective was breathtaking, scorching tub was wonderful and site was perfect for any individual planning to shell out their days in RMNP as well as their evenings in Estes Park. Would definitely advocate this cabin to family and friends and would love to stay below all over again!
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Top filmmakers attended the trailer launch of the upcoming film Ranchi Diaries, which is co-produced by Anupam Kher and directed by Sattwik Mohanty. Mahesh Bhatt, Rohit Shetty, David Dhawan were there to support the film along with the cast and crew. Ranchi Diaries stars Jimmy Shergill, Anupam Kher, Soundarya Sharma, Himansh Kohli and Taaha Shah Badusha.
At the trailer launch of Ranchi Diaries, Anupam Kher, co-producer and actor of the film spoke about the advantages of working the new talent. Ranchi Diaries directed by Sattwik Mohanty releases on October 13.

subset: commoncrawl


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No One Can Really Tell The Truth Like John Walsh
Mayor Villaraigosa bails out on his own farewell party to avoid further embarrassment shortly after 8 PM … leaving no one to introduce the evening's guest of honor Don Pepe direct from Zacatecas!
Practically no media here right now! At this juncture, there are almost as many security officers as
Villaraigosa Party attendees in Grand Park, including about a dozen Highway Patrol officers strolling around far from their vehicles or a freeway! Your tax dollars at work!
Finally at 9 PM after a mad scramble, City Councilman Jose Huizar was found to do the on stage introduction honors for Don Pepe in the absence of Mayor Antonio!
A sadly botched ending to a super ill-fated day all over old Los Angeles!
Don Pepe is right now giving a great performance in front of 300 or so die-hard straggler fans at the steps of Los Angeles City Hall!
So … How about another farewell party for Mayor Antonio before the end of the month to replace this one which was spoiled by that damn serial killer in Santa Monica? Some are asking if the killer went on that spree deliberately to spite Mayor Antonio?


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2009 is the Year of the Ox, a beast of burden that occupies very little space in our literary history. Babe the blue ox has pretty much had to hold it down in that world, so help keep him company by writing an ode to the ox. A poem is probably the most fun way to go, but feel free to write in any style you want. Read more about the year of the ox on Wikipedia.
Ox was starting to sweat again. His hands were clammy and he was having a hard time steering in the rain as it was, but now it was getting worse. Each gust of wind made the car shake a bit more and he thought about slowing down before he reminded himself that it wasn't really an option. He was in this far and getting out was still a long way off. Now there was only Sweetness to deal with and then, he could leave town. At least then, he could feel like some progress had been made.
The next turn was a little too tight for the car to take peacefully and he skidded just enough to bring his stomach up to the bottom of his throat, before the wheels caught and he got the car back. He had just enough of a second to look down at the passenger seat and make sure that the kid was okay. She seemed scared, but even that much wasn't obvious. She should be scared even if she didn't have the sack over her head. And since she couldn't see what was happening, Ox was afraid she'd be nauseous as well. But she never complained. She just sat there in her green overalls and red sneakers with her hands folded on her lap. Her silence was made all the more obvious by the fact that the radio was off. It was starting to get to Ox, just a little bit.
This had been Leroy's play. It'd been his idea to do the kiddie snatch. It was his marker that this was going toward paying off. It was his girlfriends step kid that was getting taken. But somehow, it was Ox sitting here in the driver's seat of a stolen Aerostar van with a mute five year old on his right and Leroy was nowhere. The last Ox had heard from him was about five minutes before the snatch. Up until then, Ox couldn't avoid Leroy if he tried. He'd called every other hour for the past five days, ironing out every last detail. And now, there was nothing. Leroy wasn't picking up the phone. Ox was just short of scared, but not enough to blow the plan. The plan was bible. As long as he stuck to it, he'd be golden. Leroy or no, Ox was getting paid today.
Lee hazlewood - Stone Lost Child


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Wednesday, January 11, 2017
Amazon Fire TV low storage fix
Here is a dirty and easy fix, root required:
adb connect 192.168.1.101 (change it to your IP)
adb shell
cd /data/data/com.amazon.tv.launcher/databases
rm mbcache.db*
touch mbcache.db
touch mbcache.db-shm
touch mbcache.db-wal
chmod 0 mbcache.db*
Now, ls -all and it should look like this:
12 comments:
- AnonymousJanuary 11, 2017 at 5:55 PM
Not able to see the file, nothing happened after "rm mbcache.db*"ReplyDeleteReplies
Does your ftv has root?Delete
Yes, it's rooted. I can use the SU to get to the root@android:/data/data/com.amazon.tv.launcher/databaases , I just don't see any response after I input rm/touch/chmod command. nothing happened and i can see the screen as you posted.Delete
Did you run su first? Use this command to find large files:Delete
du -a | sort -n -r | head -n 5
If your screen looks like above photo, then all done and fine.
My fire tv also running low storage pop up and then hangs. I checked via adb shell output shows storage full what file to delete now I already apply above procedure.ReplyDelete
130|root@android:/ # df
Filesystem Size Used Free Blksize
/dev 974M 48K 974M 4096
/mnt/secure 974M 0K 974M 4096
/mnt/asec 974M 0K 974M 4096
/mnt/obb 974M 0K 974M 4096
/storage/usb 974M 0K 974M 4096
/system 756M 713M 43M 4096
/data 5G 4G 1G 4096
/persist 7M 4M 3M 4096
/cache 756M 13M 743M 4096
/firmware 63M 7M 56M 16384
/mnt/shell/emulated 5G 4G 1G 4096
/storage/emulated/legacy 5G 4G 1G 4096
root@android:/ #Replies
forget to tell you this out put after removing Kodi 16.1 and its data.Delete
Your database/cache files might be in a different location. cd /data and du -a | sort -n -r | head -n 5 to find out the folder. cd into that folder and du -a ... until you find the large files.Delete
thanks for reply, I reboot it and df looks fine now.Delete
Yes a reboot clears the cache, but it'll become full again.Delete
You could be qualified to get a $1,000 Amazon Gift Card.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 21, 2017 at 10:04 AM
How do you undo the chmod 0 command if I want to use the amazon launcher again?ReplyDeleteReplies
chmod 660 *.dbDelete
chmod 600 *.db-*


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It was craziness having to drive to New York for our San Juan flight but I love NYC and I would not pass up an opportunity to visit one of my favorite cities in the world. So, we travelled by night and got to New York in the morning. We detoured and had lunch at Shake Shack and did an impromptu tour driving around Manhattan. Ate Jann and Mike haven't really had the chance to go around NYC so we volunteered to show them around, drove by The Empire State Building and Fifth Avenue, passed by Soho and Ground Zero, used a coin operated public toilet by Madison Square Park (pretty cool, by the way) and at the end of it all, we ended up parked on a side street, sleeping in broad daylight in the city that never sleeps.
We've been travelling for about a day and a half by the time we got to Puerto Rico. We were all tired and sleep-deprived. By 6 am in the morning the day of the cruise, we were just ecstatic to see a Wendy's by the airport serving breakfast who by the way, served amazing pure Puerto Rican coffee. Timmy's have some serious competition.
A few more hours, we got to the port and this is what we saw.
Beautiful, huh? I think I would have appreciated it more if I wasn't so sleep deprived. We had to wait a few more hours before sailing, so we managed to catch some sleep. There were lots of sleeping pictures roaming around to A's and my nephews' amusement. Alas, the wait was over and this was what was waiting for us...
Don't you just love all you can eat buffets??
Meanwhile, in the stateroom, A's making sure the lifejacket fits.
And I'm making sure I'm catching up on my work-out routine. Note the horror in my face.
Who am I kidding? I don't even work out when I'm not on vacation! What a hypocrite!
The best part -- getting the chance to hang out with my sisters for a few days =)
More pictures and stories soon...


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Today I went to Target for the first time with Madi. I was nervous because I was winging this on my own. Would she sleep? Would she wail and cry the entire time? Would I need to frantically locate a spot to nurse her?!??!!
Would I be able to remember to pick up everything we need?!?
She slept the entire time. :-p AND I picked up everything we needed.
As I went to go check out and feeling victorious over our first grocery shopping trip together - I ran into one of my friends in the same check out line. She gave me a huge hug and then instantly went to work helping me empty my cart onto the register counter. After I paid, she helped me put all the bags in my cart and then proceeded to push the cart to my vehicle. It's as if God placed her in my path.
It seems he's placed alot of people in my path the last four weeks <3
As we were walking out, there was an older woman that was getting out of those handicap motor carts. I could tell she was abit unsteady - I asked her of she needed assistance. She smiled at me and said "No, just getting all the kinks out and then I'll be waking ok"
Monday, October 15, 2012
Day 289: Offer some assistance (and receive it too)
Posted by Danielle Teal at 11:14 PM


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The most surprising part of my marriage thus far has been the advent of Tiffany-the-Cook. Everyone (including myself) was convinced that my husband James would be the family chef, because this girl couldn't even cook eggs.
When my sister gave me a perfectly inspiring recipe binder, for all the recipes I received at my bridal showers, no one suspected it'd get much use. (Except from James, perhaps.)
But now? I. Am. Obsessed.
I text my sister every other day saying how much I love the recipe binder! And then whenever I need to de-stress, I spend an hour sorting through it and organizing. (Perhaps that's because I love spreadsheets, and this binder is like an attractive-looking, tactile version of one.)
For some reason, the past few months of being married have changed something in me, and I love meal planning and cooking! (Maybe it's the challenge of cooking healthy, gluten-free foods on a budget…or maybe it's the creativity it unleashes within me.)
I've been slowly trying out the recipes I received at my shower, along with recipes I find on Pinterest. Only the ones James and I really love are upgraded to the recipe binder.
We haven't gotten through nearly all the recipes yet, but here are a few of our favorites thus far:
8 Favorite Recipes:
(Click on the links for the full recipes.)
Crockpot Chicken with Apple and Sweet Potato
We make a side of black rice to accompany this, and it's delicious! I must warn you that when following the recipe, the chicken tastes dry. Last time I changed it up — instead of applesauce, I diced two apples and included those with a cup of water. The chicken was SO much more moist!
Shepherd's Pie with Whipped Sweet Potatoes
We took this from a few different Pinterest recipes and made it our own. We add lots of extra veggies to the shepherd's pie recipe and skip the Worcestershire sauce (simply because I don't have any), and then top it with sweet potatoes, which we whip with butter, heavy cream, nutmeg, cinnamon, and salt. SO GOOD.
We also love doing a simple dinner of those whipped sweet potatoes with a side of sauteed veggies and ground beef.
Of course, I can't seem to find the original whipped sweet potato recipe, but we stuff our Vitamix blender with 6 sweet potatoes (boiled until soft), 3 T. butter (melted), 1/4 C. heavy cream, and 1 tsp. of each: sea salt, cinnamon, and nutmeg. Blend until desired consistency. A-M-A-Z-I-N-G.
Greek Quinoa and Avacado Salad
This was a huge hit, and surprisingly filling!
Lasagna Soup
Which we made with gluten free, brown rice elbow noodles. I also mixed the ricotta cheese portion into each bowl of soup. Not particularly healthy, but amazing regardless!
Skinny Mousaka
One week our Field Goods bag (don't even get me started on the wonderful-ness of Field Goods!) contained eggplants, so in my quest for eggplant recipes I found this…and it's SO GOOD and surprisingly easier than I thought!
Good Ole Rice and Beans
This is a staple in our house. We cook up some black rice (it's a compromise — I hate brown rice and James hates white rice, but we both love black rice), while in another pan sauteeing zucchini, onion, garlic, red or orange peppers, and broccoli (or whatever veggies we have). Sometimes we add in tomatoes and/or spinach at the end. I also use oregano, salt, pepper, and basil as I'm sauteeing the vegetables. I add in black beans at the end and continue cooking until they're hot. Then we mix it all in with the rice and some shredded cheddar cheese! SO yum, SO easy, and SO healthy. I love it!!
Beet-Turnip Burritos
This comes from my mom's kitchen. Shred up some beets and turnips, and sautee them in some salt, pepper, basil, and oregano (my spices of choice). Then put them with warmed black beans and cheese on warmed corn tortillas. Flavorful and delicious! It's good with a side of diced zucchini and frozen corn sauteed together with cheese. (Also my mom's recipe.)
Butternut Squash (…and carrot…and apple) Soup
I love this recipe!! – particularly how many veggies it includes. I usually make it with two apples instead of one. Last time I made it, my friend and I experimented by adding in cooked maple bacon (crumbled) at the end, and stirring some plain goat cheese into each of our individual bowls. FABULOUS! (I haven't made the chickpea topping, but it sounds good!)
I hope you enjoy some of these as much as we do! Have any favorite recipes of your own you want to share? Do tell in the comments below!


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Linus Nash's direct superior in Markov and Burke SC.
Ascendant campaigns can view previous versions of their pages, see what has changed (and who did it), and even restore old versions. It's like having a rewind button for your campaign.
We've already been saving your edits, so if you
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you will have instant access to your previous versions. Plus, you get a 15-day free trial, so there's nothing to lose.


text: While there is mountains and mountains of scientific research and literature on human beings' impact on our planet, in terms of resource exhaustion, pollution, global warming, deforestation and habitat destruction, and animal cruelty and rights abuse, most people manage to largely ignore it. Creatively constructed print and television advertisements however, are more captivating and tend to affect a lot more people. Here is a collection of 29 such disturbingly creative advertisements from 5 different organizations trying to spread awareness and make a change. CLICK HERE to view all of the ads.


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Title just about sums it up! Highlight of the day was finding a packet of Viennese Whirls in the Spar in Cranswick that had two extra free! Excellent time was had munching on them and drinking tea in middle hide overlooking D res at Tophill Low NR.
The birds! Well maybe 16000 gulls roosted, 3 Lesser Black-backs hardly worth the 2.5 hours spent looking through them. A drake Pintail and 5 Goosanders made up the rest and fortunately it got dark.
Hope for a better times to come!


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Current Tip of the Day
| Suggest a Tip
| Full Tip of the Day Archive
Friday, October 26, 2012
The International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems, commonly known as the Anti-Fouling Convention (AFS or Treaty), will enter into force for the United States on Nov. 21. What does that mean?
Join the Conversation:
Previous Tips of the Day
Thursday, October 25, 2012
Don't Hazard a Guess
Wednesday, October 24, 2012
Keep it Hot, Hot, Hot
Tuesday, October 23, 2012
Deadline Reminder!
Monday, October 22, 2012
Flex Some Muscle
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when i was 13 a man on the bus asked me to be in his movie about a girl who ran away from home to be in the circus. i was to play the girl on the trapeze. he asked me if i had ever ridden a horse. i said yes. when i told my mama about the man making the movie, she said no.
Monday, March 8, 2010
tight rope
Posted by Emma Marie Magic Mullins at 7:20 PM
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It was a long trip so we decided to drive through the night which was rough but John was able to sleep most of the way!
One of the things I was worried about was the stairs. John is never really around stairs and they had two sets of wooden stairs. I was surprised that John did so well. Well....at first he tried to climb them but we spent 15 minutes back and forth in time-out and he got the picture and NEVER tried to climb them again, even when the other kids were climbing the stairs! he was only allowed to sit on the first stair and here after that is all he did! He sure made me look good!
|Apparently John LOVES salsa...he could not get enough. Must be all the food I ate in El Paso!
|The aquarium sideways...
|Above the shark tank!
|"Look at the fish Daddy!"
|John just loved looking at all the fish
|The penguin kept hitting his beak against the glass. It was so cute!
There was the coolest tunnel at the aquarium. You stood on a moving side walk and it took you under the shark tank!
|"John, did you like the aquarium?"
|I'll take that as a yes!
|The Smokies are just beautiful..
|John loved Mattie...I was just waiting for her to do something but she just let him crawl and kiss all over her!
|James and John!
|John loved playing in this corner with Annie
|Anna did not know what to think about my overly affectionate son
|John keep your hands ABOVE the waist son!
|Captain Totten
|My extremely tired son
|Finally asleep!
|The water was SO nice!
|John and Davis
Our trip was awesome! We did not want to leave! Thanks Totten's for housing us (all of us)!!!
Now it is time to get in school mode again :( I have been in a workshop for 3 days and I am really sad about leaving John! he has been in daycare for three days and already has a runny nose :( poor child lives sick when he is in daycare! Just hope this does not turn into an ear infection!!! Hope y'all have a great weekend!


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Erin in PNG
My time at Kudjip Nazarene Hospital
About me
Contact Information
How to Support
Prayer Requests
Interested in volunteering?
Friday, August 31, 2012
Trip to Yellowstone
An invitation to come to Montana and share about PNG at churches gave me a great opportunity to see parts of the US that I have never seen before. After scheduling the trip, I found out that Bill and Marsha McCoy's son Josh, was going to be a park ranger in Yellowstone this summer. I emailed him and asked if he might be able to tell me what to do and see and show me around if he had time, and he willingly agreed. Instead of just giving us a list of what to do, he actually became our personal tour guide ranger for the week, taking Daly and I off the beaten trail and seeing the beauty of Yellowstone up close. We packed in a lot into each day going hiking, fishing, sightseeing, shooting lessons, spotting and finding wildlife and more. Josh took the back off his vehicle and drove us around like in a safari, identifying things as we went and teaching us about the wildlife as we saw it.
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He's Bad!
"I'm the baddest! so forget all rookies, Forget oreos and eat Cool J Cookies!"
A little bit of history for the young heads, classic rap 101 is in session.
Just in case you were thinking about the inspiration for one of Sweet Cheeba's latest creations "Cool J Cookies". Check the video at 3:27 then listen and learn. This was the dopest rap video out there circa 1987, and for the old heads check out Donnie Simpson! Where are they now…..


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In my previous post I looked at team's relative efficiency for 3-point vs. 2-point attempts. Now I'll turn to individual players.
I graphed average points scored per 3-pt attempt against average points per 2-pt attempt for all players this season who shoot more than 2.5 3's per game (top 25% in the league) and who play more than 20 minutes per game (graph was too crowded otherwise, apologies to Steve Novak, who would be just on top of Ray Allen). Again, dot size corresponds to 3-pt attempts per game. The darker reference lines correspond to the league averages.
This shows again what a miserable 3-pt shooting season Kobe is having, and his 2-pt efficiency, while above league average, is only average for top shooters.
Melo and Raymond Felton stand out more: they are the only two players in the league who shoot a lot of threes, play a lot of minutes, but are significantly worse than the league average at 3-pt and 2-pt shooting efficiency. They are bad at everything they do.
Guys in the top right corner like Ray and James Harden are above average at both 3-pt and 2-pt efficiency, though it would be great if Ray could get more 3's (I know he tries) and James bombed a tad less.


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Alice Cooper has released a new lyric video for "Paranormal," the title track off of his upcoming new studio album, which is due out later this month.
"My definition of paranormal is something that is 'other than normal' or 'alongside of normal,'" says Cooper. "You could say my whole career has been that. I would look at what was normal and step left of it. That's what gets people's attention. They'd listen to our music and see our show and say, 'That's so strange...oh yeah, that's so Alice."
Paranormal will be released on July 28 via earMUSIC. Paranormal was produced by longtime collaborator Bob Ezrin (Pink Floyd, Deep Purple).
Paranormal track listing:
1. "Paranormal"2. "Dead Flies"3. "Fireball"4. "Paranoiac Personality"5. "Fallen In Love"6. "Dynamite Road"7. "Private Public Breakdown"8. "Holy Water"9. "Rats"10. "The Sound Of A"
by RTTNews Staff Writer
For comments and feedback: email@example.com
Entertainment News
The 10 Highest Grossing Films: From Modern Classics To Jar Jar Binks


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Sooooooo today may be at hot one :) Let's just lift heavy stuff!
Burpee Day 10! Double Digits Baby!
Warm Up:
Row 1000m
3 Rounds
10 Air Squats
10 Push Ups (see video/we are done with the Shamu move!)
15 Sit Ups
50 Back Squats (155/115#)
25 Jerks (135/95#)
50 Cleans (135/105))
25 Push Press (115/75#)
50 Deadlifts (185/135#)
You can do CrossFit Total!
Max Back Squat
Max Shoulder Press
Max Deadlift
*** you will need to Spend some quality time on each movement if you choose CrossFit Total
** Don't like to lift?? Don't worry, we can make up a workout that is just perfect for you :)


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peter gabriel is soon releasing an all covers album he is titling "scratch my back". he is covering magnetic fields, radiohead, arcade fire, bon iver, paul simon, elbow, talking heads, lou reed, randy newman and regina spektor
as well, peter will be releasing an album titled "i'll scratch yours", in which the above artists will cover peter gabriel songs.
you can hear stephin merrit's cover of "not one of us", along with a bit of stephin talking about the song, streaming at gabriel's site here.


text:
From the December 2013 magazine.
December 2013: Nine beers away
He measured his distance in bottles, but help was much closer than he thought
I was drunk and away from home that Thursday night when my wife called me. She said that she hadn't had a drink since Sunday and had called AA.
"What can I do for you?" I asked her.-- Darryl B.
Corpus Christi, Texas
This is a preview. To view the full article, use the link below to begin a free 7-day trial!
Try GV's 7 Day Free Trial
Login or click here to subscribe.


text:
From the fabulous, fun & fancy, Fleur de Lisa:
What is the worst vacation you've ever been on?
I've never had a bad vacation that I can recall. I remember one school field trip in Grade 7 /8 where we went camping and got rained out. We had to spend the night at the local legion hall because it was still raining really hard and they couldn't get our camping stuff dried out, even though they sent the school bus driver to the laundromat to dry our sleeping bags in the big tumble dryers while we went on our tour of a historical site (Old Fort Henry, Kingston). They put boys on one side of the hall and girls on the other with a row of tables in between. I remember there was alot of giggling going on seeing the boys in their pyjamas etc. A teacher told a bedtime story to us (one that he made up) and I fell asleep while he was telling it and awoke the next morning to him waking us up with the conclusion of the story. I guess he must have stopped it part way through (I don't think he talked all night!) I was so tired that I slept right through the night and found it quite funny that I fell asleep while he was telling the story and then woke up to the story. Funny the things you remember!
Where did you go on vacations with your family when growing up?
We used to camp as a family and when I was about 8, my parents bought a cottage, so we spent every weekend from July 1 to Labour Day there and two weeks during the summer. When I was about 14 my parents bought a home in Florida and so we spent a number of Christmases down there. It was great fun! We fit 7 of us in a Chrysler (Mum, Dad, 4 kids and my Aunt) and used to drive 3 days to get there and 3 days back (1500 miles each way). Going to the beach on Christmas Day, doing Disney and Busch gardens every year was great fun that we looked forward to with great anticipation.
If you could set the national speed limit for all highways, what would it be?
I find 70 is a good speed for the > 4 lane highways. Most people go 10 miles over anyways and I think going more than 80 gets just a little too dangerous for some drivers. Not me, mind you. I am comfortable driving at 80-85. I drove over 90 in the UK.
If money were no object, would you rather fly or drive on a vacation?
My dream would be to have a RV and drive through out North America. I love driving holidays if we have the time. If time is short then I would rather fly just to get there fast. In my life so far I have driven 1500 miles to Florida or back a total of 15 times (3 times as a child and 4 times with my own 4 children). The last 2 times we've done it in 27 hours straight, driving right through while the kids slept in the back.
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If you want to rate this site on IrishBlogs click here -> . You'll also see it on some of my other sites above ~ please feel free to rate them as well, whether you like them or not :-) Thanks, lads!
If you want to rate this site on IrishBlogs click here -> . You'll also see it on some of my other sites above ~ please feel free to rate them as well, whether you like them or not :-) Thanks, lads!
Tuesday, June 06, 2006
Manic Monday
blabbed by Irish Church Lady :) at 7:56 AM
1 comment:
- Fleur De Lisa said...
Whoo-hoo- another fast driver. I hope you don't plan on driving 85 in your future RV! LOL
Thanks for playing Manic Monday.
- June 07, 2006 9:40 PM
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Across the social media world the news is buzzing over Floyd "Money" Mayweather's victory over his opponent "Vicious" Victor Ortiz. Some may say Mayweather cheated and hit the young fighter while he was unprepared. Others will argue that this is boxing and the first rule is stay protected at all times. Me on the other hand will say that Ortiz got what he had coming to him. Through the entire fight Ortiz was continuously hitting Mayweather in back of the head and then the cowardly move of a blatant head but in the 4th round. So was the young fighter not ready YES, Did "Money" give him a cheap shot NO. The fight had restarted and Mayweather showed no mercy on the young fighter. So to the Champion Floyd "Money" Mayweather CHEERS from me 42-0 is a great accomplishment and now there's only one more thing to do. Manny "Pac-Man" Pacquiao!!!!
(Cultured Community Comment and let me know how you feel)
Stay Cultured
Mr Billion


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Wednesday, February 15, 2012
Little magazine
The latest issue of Papercuts is out! My gorgeous blogger friend Mahwash Badar's written for us this time, along with several other talented writers. This is a special issue for me (well, actually all of them are) because it's my last one as Editor. Check it!
Papercuts Vol. 9 - Tall Tales
Monday, February 13, 2012
My Beautiful Literette
Here is a blogpost I wrote this morning for Desi Writers Lounge about Hanif Kureishi at the first day of the Karachi Literature Festival.
KLF 2012 - A Conversation with Hanif Kureishi
It's an uninspiring title, but I realised a little while ago that it gives the erroneous impression that I was in conversation with him. Ergo the title remains as is.
Sunday, February 5, 2012
You speaka da English?
Me: Solom, you want more fries?
Solom: YAS.
Me: Betay what's 'yas'? It's 'yes', okay?
Solom (nodding vigorously): Okay, yas.
Thursday, February 2, 2012
Here's something you'll want to do
One of my favourite bloggers is running an essay contest on her blog! The theme is Modern Love - super interesting and so open to interpretation. She's promising to publish each entry AND there's a prize. So don't just hang around with your mouth open... check it out!!!
Cooking up a storm
Conversation between Solom and me, making pizza this evening.
Me: Look Solom! What is this?
Solom: MAMA. This is MUSHROOM.
Me: Garlic.
S: This is GAARIC.
Me (waving bowl under his nose): What does it smell like? Does it smell sweet?
Me: Then? What does it smell like?
S: MAMA. It smells like... it smells like MUSHROOM and BUTTER and SALT and ANDA and TOAST and JUICE and CANDY and OTHER THINGS and... and SCHOOL.
Me: Really.
S: Mama, Solom school jaey ga.
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text: SAN FRANCISCO (CBS.MW) -- Northwest Airlines nwac said Tuesday its September traffic rose 3.4 percent over the same period last year. Capacity inched up 1.1 percent. Its load factor -- or the percentage of seats filled with paying passengers -- was 79.2 percent, up 1.8 points. Northwest is the world's fifth largest airline.


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Results 1 to 6 of 6
May 30th, 2013, 09:43 AM #1
- Join Date
- Mar 2013
- Posts
- 17
Things that would have been good to know
Just got back from our first (but not last) time at CSA! It was awesome. Most everyone on the staff was great. I want to give a shout out to Wayne one of the security guards. We spent some time on the beach at night and talked with him. Wonderfull guy so if anyone gets a chance to talk with him you should. Antony(sp) the dive instructor was great. Very helpful. My suggestions to anyone who hasnt been there before and has family back home, is to make sure you home phones can receive calls from outside of the USA. We have magic jack for our home phone and it would not make or receive foreign numbers. I bought the phone card from the resort but it didnt matter. Also make sure you check with your cell phone provider on the cost of outside the USA for calls, txt and data usage. The wifi on the resort is very spotty so the only way I was able to check in with my kids was when I was at the internet cafe. That was quite frustrating. When you get there and they tell you that you need to book things to do a day in advance, they werent kidding. If you want to do scuba, snorkeling or the cataman cruise, get up early, and go book it. Things fill up VERY quickly. Like scuba, they open at 8am so get there at 7:45 because there will be a line. Also for the food, it was good but if you arent very adventurous with trying new things then you are kinda limited on what to eat. The good thing about trying new food at a buffet is that if you dont like it then at least you can go try something else. Regarding the beach, all I can say is WOW. pictures do not do it justice. It rains almost everyday around lunch time so be prepared but no worries, its just liquid sunshine Margaritiville was a waste of time. Drinks and food were way over priced and if you were not ordering then they did not want you sitting at a table to watch and enjoy the DJ and entertainment. We ended up just walking back along the beach to the resort. Ricks Cafe was an awesome experience even if you didnt jump. Just watching was fun. We cant wait to go back!
May 30th, 2013, 11:22 AM #2
- Join Date
- Apr 2012
- Posts
- 659
I think when traveling to ANY foreign country, it makes good sense to check out what phone services are available if you require a phone. We go to CSA twice a year, and use Facebook or email to stay in touch. It's very nice to be less connected for 10 days!
Same goes for resort activities...they fill up quickly no matter where you go. We've found it pretty simple to get in where we want, when we want.
As a "Jamerican", I would recommend to newbies to CSA to experience the local places and avoid the touristy places. Ossie's across the street from the resort opposite Patios/Feathers end has amazing jerk!
May 30th, 2013, 02:10 PM #3
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- Mar 2013
- Posts
- 18
Thank you for sharing! We will be at CSA in October!
May 30th, 2013, 09:37 PM #4
- Join Date
- Jun 2009
- Posts
- 651
Would have been good to know to tip the spa. I went every day almost and didn't find out till later that they accept tips. The no tipping policy isn't exactly clear to a lot of guests either from my experience. I saw and heard lots of people offer tips because it wasn't really stressed to them. Many people don't get on here and may book through an agent or other means so many rules aren't told to them.
May 31st, 2013, 02:28 PM #5
- Join Date
- May 2013
- Posts
- 20
dmrigel - Did you do scuba? We've already emailed CSA about finishing our dive cert while were there. Is it the boat trips that fill up or do the beginner classes fill up? Or both?
I was hoping to do our checkout dives on Sun/Mon, but your post makes me worry that we'll be delayed. :-/
The CSA dive shop already knows were coming, so maybe I can get them to reserve a spot for us before we get there.
June 1st, 2013, 07:51 AM #6
- Join Date
- Jan 2012
- Posts
- 16


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NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321.
SESSIONS, ATTORNEY GENERAL v. MORALES-SANTANA
certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the second circuit
No. 15–1191. Argued November 9, 2016—Decided June 12, 2017
The Immigration and Nationality Act provides the framework for acquisition of U. S. citizenship from birth by a child born abroad, when one parent is a U. S. citizen and the other a citizen of another nation. Applicable to married couples, the main rule in effect at the time here relevant,
8 U. S. C. §1401(a)(7) (1958 ed.), required the U. S.-citizen parent to have ten years' physical presence in the United States prior to the child's birth, "at least five of which were after attaining" age 14. The rule is made applicable to unwed U. S.-citizen fathers by §1409(a), but §1409(c) creates an exception for an unwed U. S.-citizen mother, whose citizenship can be transmitted to a child born abroad if she has lived continuously in the United States for just one year prior to the child's birth.
Respondent Luis Ramón Morales-Santana, who has lived in the United States since he was 13, asserts U. S. citizenship at birth based on the U. S. citizenship of his biological father, José Morales. José moved to the Dominican Republic 20 days short of his 19th birthday, therefore failing to satisfy §1401(a)(7)'s requirement of five years' physical presence after age 14. There, he lived with the Dominican woman who gave birth to Morales-Santana. José accepted parental responsibility and included Morales-Santana in his household; he married Morales-Santana's mother and his name was then added to hers on Morales-Santana's birth certificate. In 2000, the Government sought to remove Morales-Santana based on several criminal convictions, ranking him as alien because, at his time of birth, his father did not satisfy the requirement of five years' physical presence after age 14. An immigration judge rejected Morales-Santana's citizenship claim and ordered his removal. Morales-Santana later moved to reopen the proceedings, asserting that the Government's refusal to recognize that he derived citizenship from his U. S.-citizen father violated the Constitution's equal protection guarantee. The Board of Immigration Appeals denied the motion, but the Second Circuit reversed. Relying on this Court's post-1970 construction of the equal protection principle as it bears on gender-based classifications, the court held unconstitutional the differential treatment of unwed mothers and fathers. To cure this infirmity, the Court of Appeals held that Morales-Santana derived citizenship through his father, just as he would were his mother the U. S. citizen.
1. The gender line Congress drew is incompatible with the Fifth Amendment's requirement that the Government accord to all persons "the equal protection of the laws." Pp. 6–23.
(a) Morales-Santana satisfies the requirements for third-party standing in seeking to vindicate his father's right to equal protection. José Morales' ability to pass citizenship to his son easily satisfies the requirement that the third party have a " 'close' relationship with the person who possesses the right." Kowalski v. Tesmer,
543 U. S. 125. And José's death many years before the current controversy arose is "a 'hindrance' to [José's] ability to protect his own interests." Ibid. Pp. 6–7.
(b) Sections 1401 and 1409 date from an era when the Nation's lawbooks were rife with overbroad generalizations about the way men and women are. Today, such laws receive the heightened scrutiny that now attends "all gender-based classifications," J. E. B. v. Alabama ex rel. T. B.,
511 U. S. 127, including laws granting or denying benefits "on the basis of the sex of the qualifying parent," Califano v. Westcott,
443 U. S. 76. Prescribing one rule for mothers, another for fathers, §1409 is of the same genre as the classifications declared unconstitutional in Westcott; Reed v. Reed,
404 U. S. 71–77; Frontiero v. Richardson,
411 U. S. 677–691; Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld,
420 U. S. 636–653; and Califano v. Goldfarb,
430 U. S. 199–207. A successful defense therefore requires an " 'exceedingly persuasive justification.' " United States v. Virginia,
518 U. S. 515. Pp. 7–9.
(c) The Government must show, at least, that its gender-based " 'classification serves "important governmental objectives and that the discriminatory means employed" are "substantially related to [achieving] those objectives." ' " Virginia, 518 U. S., at 533. The classification must serve an important governmental interest today, for "new insights and societal understandings can reveal unjustified inequality . . . that once passed unnoticed and unchallenged." Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U. S. ___, ___. Pp. 9–14.
(1) At the time §1409 was enacted as part of the Nationality Act of 1940 (1940 Act), two once habitual, but now untenable, assumptions pervaded the Nation's citizenship laws and underpinned judicial and administrative rulings: In marriage, husband is dominant, wife subordinate; unwed mother is the sole guardian of a nonmarital child. In the 1940 Act, Congress codified the mother-as-sole-guardian perception for unmarried parents. According to the stereotype, a residency requirement was justified for unwed citizen fathers, who would care little about, and have scant contact with, their nonmarital children. Unwed citizen mothers needed no such prophylactic, because the alien father, along with his foreign ways, was presumptively out of the picture. Pp. 9–13.
(2) For close to a half century, this Court has viewed with suspicion laws that rely on "overbroad generalizations about the different talents, capacities, or preferences of males and females." Virginia, 518 U. S., at 533. No "important [governmental] interest" is served by laws grounded, as §1409(a) and (c) are, in the obsolescing view that "unwed fathers [are] invariably less qualified and entitled than mothers" to take responsibility for nonmarital children. Caban v. Mohammed,
441 U. S. 380. In light of this equal protection jurisprudence, §1409(a) and (c)'s discrete duration-of-residence requirements for mothers and fathers are anachronistic. Pp. 13–14.
(d) The Government points to Fiallo v. Bell,
430 U. S. 787; Miller v. Albright,
523 U. S. 420; and Nguyen v. INS,
533 U. S. 53, for support. But Fiallo involved entry preferences for alien children; the case did not present a claim of U. S. citizenship. And Miller and Nguyen addressed a paternal-acknowledgment requirement well met here, not the length of a parent's prebirth residency in the United States. Pp. 14–16.
(e) The Government's suggested rationales for §1409(a) and (c)'s gender-based differential do not survive heightened scrutiny. Pp. 16–23.
(1) The Government asserts that Congress sought to ensure that a child born abroad has a strong connection to the United States. The statute, the Government suggests, bracketed an unwed U. S.-citizen mother with a married couple in which both parents are U. S. citizens because she is the only legally recognized parent at birth; and aligned an unwed U. S.-citizen father with a married couple, one spouse a citizen, the other, an alien, because of the competing national influence of the alien mother. This rationale conforms to the long-held view that unwed fathers care little about their children. And the gender-based means scarcely serve the suggested congressional interest. Citizenship may be transmitted to children who have no tie to the United States so long as their U. S.-citizen mother was continuously present in the United States for one year at any point in her life prior to the child's birth; but it may not be transmitted by a U. S.-citizen father who falls a few days short of meeting §1401(a)(7)'s longer physical-presence requirements, even if he acknowledges paternity on the day the child is born and raises the child in the United States. Pp. 17–19.
(2) The Government also maintains that Congress wished to reduce the risk of statelessness for the foreign-born child of a U. S. citizen. But congressional hearings and reports offer no support for the assertion that a statelessness concern prompted the diverse physical-presence requirements. Nor has the Government shown that the risk of statelessness disproportionately endangered the children of unwed U. S.-citizen mothers. Pp. 19–23.
2. Because this Court is not equipped to convert §1409(c)'s exception for unwed U. S.-citizen mothers into the main rule displacing §§1401(a)(7) and 1409(a), it falls to Congress to select a uniform prescription that neither favors nor disadvantages any person on the basis of gender. In the interim, §1401(a)(7)'s current requirement should apply, prospectively, to children born to unwed U. S.-citizen mothers. The legislature's intent, as revealed by the statute at hand, governs the choice between the two remedial alternatives: extending favorable treatment to the excluded class or withdrawing favorable treatment from the favored class. Ordinarily, the preferred rule is to extend favorable treatment. Westcott, 443 U. S., at 89–90. Here, however, extension to fathers of §1409(c)'s favorable treatment for mothers would displace Congress' general rule, the longer physical-presence requirements of §§1401(a)(7) and 1409 applicable to unwed U. S.-citizen fathers and U. S.-citizen parents, male as well as female, married to the child's alien parent. Congress' " 'commitment to th[is] residual policy' " and " 'the degree of potential disruption of the statutory scheme that would occur by extension as opposed to abrogation,' " Heckler v. Mathews,
465 U. S. 728, n. 5, indicate that Congress would likely have abrogated §1409(c)'s special exception, preferring to preserve "the importance of residence in this country as the talisman of dedicated attachment," Rogers v. Bellei,
401 U. S. 815. Pp. 23–28.
804 F. 3d 520, affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.
Ginsburg, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Roberts, C. J., and Kennedy, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan, JJ., joined. Thomas, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment in part, in which Alito, J., joined. Gorsuch, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the preliminary print of the United States Reports. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order that corrections may be made before the preliminary print goes to press.
No. 15–1191
JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS, III, ATTORNEY GENERAL, PETITIONER v. LUIS RAMON MORALES-SANTANA
on writ of certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the second circuit
[June 12, 2017]
Justice Ginsburg delivered the opinion of the Court.
This case concerns a gender-based differential in the law governing acquisition of U. S. citizenship by a child born abroad, when one parent is a U. S. citizen, the other, a citizen of another nation. The main rule appears in 8 U. S. C. §1401(a)(7) (1958 ed.), now §1401(g) (2012 ed.). Applicable to married couples, §1401(a)(7) requires a period of physical presence in the United States for the U. S.-citizen parent. The requirement, as initially prescribed, was ten years' physical presence prior to the child's birth, §601(g) (1940 ed.); currently, the requirement is five years prebirth, §1401(g) (2012 ed.). That main rule is rendered applicable to unwed U. S.-citizen fathers by §1409(a). Congress ordered an exception, however, for unwed U. S.-citizen mothers. Contained in §1409(c), the exception allows an unwed mother to transmit her citizenship to a child born abroad if she has lived in the United States for just one year prior to the child's birth.
The respondent in this case, Luis Ramón Morales-Santana, was born in the Dominican Republic when his father was just 20 days short of meeting §1401(a)(7)'s physical-presence requirement. Opposing removal to the Dominican Republic, Morales-Santana asserts that the equal protection principle implicit in the Fifth Amendment 1 entitles him to citizenship stature. We hold that the gender line Congress drew is incompatible with the requirement that the Government accord to all persons "the equal protection of the laws." Nevertheless, we cannot convert §1409(c)'s exception for unwed mothers into the main rule displacing §1401(a)(7) (covering married couples) and §1409(a) (covering unwed fathers). We must therefore leave it to Congress to select, going forward, a physical-presence requirement (ten years, one year, or some other period) uniformly applicable to all children born abroad with one U. S.-citizen and one alien parent, wed or unwed. In the interim, the Government must ensure that the laws in question are administered in a manner free from gender-based discrimination.
We first describe in greater detail the regime Congress constructed. The general rules for acquiring U. S. citizenship are found in
8 U. S. C. §1401, the first section in Chapter 1 of Title III of the Immigration and Nationality Act (1952 Act or INA), §301,
235–236. Section 1401 sets forth the INA's rules for determining who "shall be nationals and citizens of the United States at birth" by establishing a range of residency and physical-presence requirements calibrated primarily to the parents' nationality and the child's place of birth. §1401(a) (1958 ed.); §1401 (2012 ed.). The primacy of §1401 in the statutory scheme is evident. Comprehensive in coverage, §1401 provides the general framework for the acquisition of citizenship at birth. In particular, at the time relevant here, 2 §1401(a)(7) provided for the U. S. citizenship of
"a person born outside the geographical limits of the United States and its outlying possessions of parents one of whom is an alien, and the other a citizen of the United States who, prior to the birth of such person, was physically present in the United States or its outlying possessions for a period or periods totaling not less than ten years, at least five of which were after attaining the age of fourteen years: Provided, That any periods of honorable service in the Armed Forces of the United States by such citizen parent may be included in computing the physical presence requirements of this paragraph."
Congress has since reduced the duration requirement to five years, two after age 14. §1401(g) (2012 ed.). 3
Section 1409 pertains specifically to children with unmarried parents. Its first subsection, §1409(a), incorporates by reference the physical-presence requirements of §1401, thereby allowing an acknowledged unwed citizen parent to transmit U. S. citizenship to a foreign-born child under the same terms as a married citizen parent. Section 1409(c)—a provision applicable only to unwed U. S.-citizen mothers—states an exception to the physical-presence requirements of §§1401 and 1409(a). Under §1409(c)'s exception, only one year of continuous physical presence is required before unwed mothers may pass citizenship to their children born abroad.
Respondent Luis Ramón Morales-Santana moved to the United States at age 13, and has resided in this country most of his life. Now facing deportation, he asserts U. S. citizenship at birth based on the citizenship of his biological father, José Morales, who accepted parental responsibility and included Morales-Santana in his household.
José Morales was born in Guánica, Puerto Rico, on March 19, 1900. Record 55–56. Puerto Rico was then, as it is now, part of the United States, see Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle, 579 U. S. ___, ___–___ (2016) (slip op., at 2–4);
8 U. S. C. §1101(a)(38) (1958 ed.) ("The term United States . . . means the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the [U. S.] Virgin Islands." (internal quotation marks omitted)); §1101(a)(38) (2012 ed.) (similar), and José became a U. S. citizen under the Organic Act of Puerto Rico, ch. 145, §5,
953 (a predecessor to
8 U. S. C. §1402). After living in Puerto Rico for nearly two decades, José left his childhood home on February 27, 1919, 20 days short of his 19th birthday, therefore failing to satisfy §1401(a)(7)'s requirement of five years' physical presence after age 14. Record 57, 66. He did so to take up employment as a builder-mechanic for a U. S. company in the then-U. S.-occupied Dominican Republic. Ibid. 4
By 1959, José attested in a June 21, 1971 affidavit presented to the U. S. Embassy in the Dominican Republic, he was living with Yrma Santana Montilla, a Dominican woman he would eventually marry. Id., at 57. In 1962, Yrma gave birth to their child, respondent Luis Morales-Santana. Id., at 166–167. While the record before us reveals little about Morales-Santana's childhood, the Dominican archives disclose that Yrma and José married in 1970, and that José was then added to Morales-Santana's birth certificate as his father. Id., at 163–164, 167. José also related in the same affidavit that he was then saving money "for the susten[ance] of [his] family" in anticipation of undergoing surgery in Puerto Rico, where members of his family still resided. Id., at 57. In 1975, when Morales-Santana was 13, he moved to Puerto Rico, id., at 368, and by 1976, the year his father died, he was attending public school in the Bronx, a New York City borough, id., at 140, 369. 5
In 2000, the Government placed Morales-Santana in removal proceedings based on several convictions for offenses under New York State Penal Law, all of them rendered on May 17, 1995. Id., at 426. Morales-Santana ranked as an alien despite the many years he lived in the United States, because, at the time of his birth, his father did not satisfy the requirement of five years' physical presence after age 14. See supra, at 3–4, and n. 3. An immigration judge rejected Morales-Santana's claim to citizenship derived from the U. S. citizenship of his father, and ordered Morales-Santana's removal to the Dominican Republic. Record 253, 366; App. to Pet. for Cert. 45a–49a. In 2010, Morales-Santana moved to reopen the proceedings, asserting that the Government's refusal to recognize that he derived citizenship from his U. S.-citizen father violated the Constitution's equal protection guarantee. See Record 27, 45. The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) denied the motion. App. to Pet. for Cert. 8a, 42a–44a.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the BIA's decision. 804 F. 3d 520, 524 (2015). Relying on this Court's post-1970 construction of the equal protection principle as it bears on gender-based classifications, the court held unconstitutional the differential treatment of unwed mothers and fathers. Id., at 527–535. To cure the constitutional flaw, the court further held that Morales-Santana derived citizenship through his father, just as he would were his mother the U. S. citizen. Id., at 535–538. In so ruling, the Second Circuit declined to follow the conflicting decision of the Ninth Circuit in United States v. Flores-Villar, 536 F. 3d 990 (2008), see 804 F. 3d, at 530, 535, n. 17. We granted certiorariin Flores-Villar, but ultimately affirmed by an equally divided Court. Flores-Villar v. United States,
564 U. S. 210 (2011) ( per curiam). Taking up Morales-Santana's request for review, 579 U. S. ___ (2016), we consider the matter anew.
Because §1409 treats sons and daughters alike, Morales-Santana does not suffer discrimination on the basis of his gender. He complains, instead, of gender-based discrimination against his father, who was unwed at the time of Morales-Santana's birth and was not accorded the right an unwed U. S.-citizen mother would have to transmit citizenship to her child. Although the Government does not contend otherwise, we briefly explain why Morales-Santana may seek to vindicate his father's right to the equal protection of the laws. 6
Ordinarily, a party "must assert his own legal rights" and "cannot rest his claim to relief on the legal rights . . . of third parties." Warth v. Seldin,
. But we recognize an exception where, as here, "the party asserting the right has a close relationship with the person who possesses the right [and] there is a hindrance to the possessor's ability to protect his own interests." Kowalski v. Tesmer,
543 U. S. 125, 130 (2004) (quoting Powers v. Ohio,
). José Morales' ability to pass citizenship to his son, respondent Morales-Santana, easily satisfies the "close relationship" requirement. So, too, is the "hindrance" requirement well met. José Morales' failure to assert a claim in his own right "stems from disability," not "disinterest," Miller v. Albright,
523 U. S. 420, 450 (1998) (O'Connor, J., concurring in judgment), for José died in 1976, Record 140, many years before the current controversy arose. See Hodel v. Irving,
481 U. S. 704–712, 723, n. 7 (1987) (children and their guardians may assert Fifth Amendment rights of deceased relatives). Morales-Santana is thus the "obvious claimant," see Craig v. Boren,
, the "best available proponent," Singleton v. Wulff,
, of his father's right to equal protection.
Sections 1401 and 1409, we note, date from an era when the lawbooks of our Nation were rife with overbroad generalizations about the way men and women are. See, e.g., Hoyt v. Florida,
368 U. S. 57, 62 (1961) (women are the "center of home and family life," therefore they can be "relieved from the civic duty of jury service"); Goesaert v. Cleary,
335 U. S. 464, 466 (1948) (States may draw "a sharp line between the sexes"). Today, laws of this kind are subject to review under the heightened scrutiny that now attends "all gender-based classifications." J. E. B. v. Alabama ex rel. T. B.,
; see, e.g., United States v. Virginia,
518 U. S. 515–556 (1996) (state-maintained military academy may not deny admission to qualified women).
Laws granting or denying benefits "on the basis of the sex of the qualifying parent," our post-1970 decisions affirm, differentiate on the basis of gender, and therefore attract heightened review under the Constitution's equal protection guarantee. Califano v. Westcott,
; see id., at 88–89 (holding unconstitutional provision of unemployed-parent benefits exclusively to fathers). Accord Califano v. Goldfarb,
430 U. S. 199–207 (1977) (plurality opinion) (holding unconstitutional a Social Security classification that denied widowers survivors' benefits available to widows); Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld,
420 U. S. 636–653 (1975) (holding unconstitutional a Social Security classification that excluded fathers from receipt of child-in-care benefits available to mothers); Frontiero v. Richardson,
411 U. S. 677–691 (1973) (plurality opinion) (holding unconstitutional exclusion of married female officers in the military from benefits automatically accorded married male officers); cf. Reed v. Reed,
404 U. S. 71–77 (1971) (holding unconstitutional a probate-code preference for a father over a mother as administrator of a deceased child's estate). 7
Prescribing one rule for mothers, another for fathers, §1409 is of the same genre as the classifications we declared unconstitutional in Reed, Frontiero, Wiesenfeld, Goldfarb, and Westcott. As in those cases, heightened scrutiny is in order. Successful defense of legislation that differentiates on the basis of gender, we have reiterated, requires an "exceedingly persuasive justification." Virginia, 518 U. S., at 531 (internal quotation marks omitted); Kirchberg v. Feenstra,
450 U. S. 455, 461 (1981) (internal quotation marks omitted).
The defender of legislation that differentiates on the basis of gender must show "at least that the [challenged] classification serves important governmental objectives and that the discriminatory means employed are substantially related to the achievement of those objectives." Virginia, 518 U. S., at 533 (quoting Mississippi Univ. for Women v. Hogan,
; alteration in original); see Tuan Anh Nguyen v. INS,
. Moreover, the classification must substantially serve an important governmental interest today, for "in interpreting the [e]qual [p]rotection [guarantee], [we have] recognized that new insights and societal understandings can reveal unjustified inequality . . . that once passed unnoticed and unchallenged." Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U. S. ___, ___ (2015) (slip op., at 20). Here, the Government has supplied no "exceedingly persuasive justification," Virginia, 518 U. S., at 531 (internal quotation marks omitted), for §1409(a) and (c)'s "gender-based" and "gender-biased" disparity, Westcott, 443 U. S., at 84 (internalquotation marks omitted).
History reveals what lurks behind §1409. Enacted in the Nationality Act of 1940 (1940 Act), see
1139–1140, §1409 ended a century and a half of congressional silence on the citizenship of children born abroad to unwed parents. 8 During this era, two once habitual, but now untenable, assumptions pervaded our Nation's citizenship laws and underpinned judicial and administrative rulings: In marriage, husband is dominant, wife subordinate; unwed mother is the natural and sole guardian of a nonmarital child.
Under the once entrenched principle of male dominance in marriage, the husband controlled both wife and child. "[D]ominance [of] the husband," this Court observed in 1915, "is an ancient principle of our jurisprudence." Mackenzie v. Hare,
. 9 See generally Brief for Professors of History et al. as Amici Curiae 4–15. Through the early 20th century, a male citizen automatically conferred U. S. citizenship on his alien wife. Act of Feb. 10, 1855, ch. 71, §2,
604; see Kelly v. Owen, 7 Wall. 496, 498 (1869) (the 1855 Act "confers the privileges of citizenship upon women married to citizens of the United States"); C. Bredbenner, A Nationality of Her Own:Women, Marriage, and the Law of Citizenship 15–16, 20–21 (1998). A female citizen, however, was incapable of conferring citizenship on her husband; indeed, she was subject to expatriation if she married an alien. 10 The family of a citizen or a lawfully admitted permanent resident enjoyed statutory exemptions from entry requirements, but only if the citizen or resident was male. See, e.g., Act of Mar. 3, 1903, ch. 1012, §37,
1221 (wives and children entering the country to join permanent-resident aliens and found to have contracted contagious diseases during transit shall not be deported if the diseases were easily curable or did not present a danger to others); S. Rep. No. 1515, 81st Cong., 2d Sess., 415–417 (1950) (wives exempt from literacy and quota requirements). And from 1790 until 1934, the foreign-born child of a married couple gained U. S. citizenship only through the father. 11
For unwed parents, the father-controls tradition never held sway. Instead, the mother was regarded as the child's natural and sole guardian. At common law, the mother, and only the mother, was "bound to maintain [a nonmarital child] as its natural guardian." 2 J. Kent, Commentaries on American Law *215–*216 (8th ed. 1854); see Nguyen, 533 U. S., at 91–92 (O'Connor, J., dissenting). In line with that understanding, in the early 20th century, the State Department sometimes permitted unwed mothers to pass citizenship to their children, despite the absence of any statutory authority for the practice. See Hearings on H. R. 6127 before the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, 76th Cong., 1st Sess., 43, 431 (1940) (hereinafter 1940 Hearings); 39 Op. Atty. Gen. 397, 397–398 (1939); 39 Op. Atty. Gen. 290, 291 (1939). See also Collins, Illegitimate Borders: Jus Sanguinis Citizenship and the Legal Construction of Family, Race, and Nation, 123 Yale L. J. 2134, 2199–2205 (2014) (hereinafter Collins).
In the 1940 Act, Congress discarded the father-controls assumption concerning married parents, but codified the mother-as-sole-guardian perception regarding unmarried parents. The Roosevelt administration, which proposed §1409, explained: "[T]he mother [of a nonmarital child] stands in the place of the father . . . [,] has a right tothe custody and control of such a child as against the putative father, and is bound to maintain it as its natu-ral guardian." 1940 Hearings 431 (internal quotation marks omitted).
This unwed-mother-as-natural-guardian notion renders §1409's gender-based residency rules understandable. Fearing that a foreign-born child could turn out "more alien than American in character," the administration believed that a citizen parent with lengthy ties to the United States would counteract the influence of the alien parent. Id., at 426–427. Concern about the attachment of foreign-born children to the United States explains the treatment of unwed citizen fathers, who, according to the familiar stereotype, would care little about, and have scant contact with, their nonmarital children. For unwed citizen mothers, however, there was no need for a prolonged residency prophylactic: The alien father, who might transmit foreign ways, was presumptively out of the picture. See id., at 431; Collins 2203 (in "nearly uniform view" of U. S. officials, "almost invariably," the mother alone "concern[ed] herself with [a nonmarital] child" (internal quotation marks omitted)).
For close to a half century, as earlier observed, see supra, at 7–8, this Court has viewed with suspicion laws that rely on "overbroad generalizations about the different talents, capacities, or preferences of males and females." Virginia, 518 U. S., at 533; see Wiesenfeld, 420 U. S., at 643, 648. In particular, we have recognized that if a "statutory objective is to exclude or 'protect' members of one gender" in reliance on "fixed notions concerning [that gender's] roles and abilities," the "objective itself is illegitimate." Mississippi Univ. for Women, 458 U. S., at 725.
In accord with this eventual understanding, the Court has held that no "important [governmental] interest" is served by laws grounded, as §1409(a) and (c) are, in the obsolescing view that "unwed fathers [are] invariably less qualified and entitled than mothers" to take responsibility for nonmarital children. Caban v. Mohammed,
. 12 Overbroad generalizations of that order, the Court has come to comprehend, have a constraining impact, descriptive though they may be of the way many people still order their lives. 13 Laws according or denying benefits in reliance on "[s]tereotypes about women's domestic roles," the Court has observed, may "creat[e] a self-fulfilling cycle of discrimination that force[s] women to continue to assume the role of primary family caregiver." Nevada Dept. of Human Resources v. Hibbs,
. Correspondingly, such laws may disserve men who exercise responsibility for raising their children. See ibid. In light of the equal protection jurisprudence this Court has developed since 1971, see Virginia, 518 U. S., at 531–534, §1409(a) and (c)'s discrete duration-of-residence requirements for unwed mothers and fathers who have accepted parental responsibility is stunningly anachronistic.
In urging this Court nevertheless to reject Morales-Santana's equal protection plea, the Government cites three decisions of this Court: Fiallo v. Bell,
; Miller v. Albright,
523 U. S. 420; and Nguyen v. INS,
533 U. S. 53. None controls this case.
The 1952 Act provision at issue in Fiallo gave special immigration preferences to alien children of citizen (or lawful-permanent-resident) mothers, and to alien unwed mothers of citizen (or lawful-permanent-resident) children. 430 U. S., at 788–789, and n. 1. Unwed fathers and their children, asserting their right to equal protection, sought the same preferences. Id., at 791. Applying minimal scrutiny (rational-basis review), the Court upheld the provision, relying on Congress' "exceptionally broad power" to admit or exclude aliens. Id., at 792, 794. 14 This case, however, involves no entry preference for aliens. Morales-Santana claims he is, and since birth has been, a U. S. citizen. Examining a claim of that order, the Court has not disclaimed, as it did in Fiallo, the application of an exacting standard of review. See Nguyen, 533 U. S., at 60–61, 70; Miller, 523 U. S., at 434–435, n. 11 (opinion of Stevens, J.).
The provision challenged in Miller and Nguyen as violative of equal protection requires unwed U. S.-citizen fathers, but not mothers, to formally acknowledge parenthood of their foreign-born children in order to transmit their U. S. citizenship to those children. See §1409(a)(4) (2012 ed.). 15 After Miller produced no opinion for the Court, see 523 U. S., at 423, we took up the issue anew in Nguyen. There, the Court held that imposing a paternal-acknowledgment requirement on fathers was a justifiable, easily met means of ensuring the existence of a biological parent-child relationship, which the mother establishes by giving birth. See 533 U. S., at 62–63. Morales-Santana's challenge does not renew the contest over §1409's paternal-acknowledgment requirement (whether the current version or that in effect in 1970), and the Government does not dispute that Morales-Santana's father, by marrying Morales-Santana's mother, satisfied that requirement.
Unlike the paternal-acknowledgment requirement at issue in Nguyen and Miller, the physical-presence requirements now before us relate solely to the duration of the parent's prebirth residency in the United States, notto the parent's filial tie to the child. As the Court of Appeals observed in this case, a man needs no more time in the United States than a woman "in order to have assimilated citizenship-related values to transmit to [his]child." 804 F. 3d, at 531. And unlike Nguyen's parental-acknowledgment requirement, §1409(a)'s age-calibrated physical-presence requirements cannot fairly be described as "minimal." 533 U. S., at 70.
Notwithstanding §1409(a) and (c)'s provenance in traditional notions of the way women and men are, the Government maintains that the statute serves two important objectives: (1) ensuring a connection between the child to become a citizen and the United States and (2) preventing "statelessness," i.e., a child's possession of no citizenship at all. Even indulging the assumption that Congress intended §1409 to serve these interests, but see supra, at 9–13, neither rationale survives heightened scrutiny.
We take up first the Government's assertion that §1409(a) and (c)'s gender-based differential ensures that a child born abroad has a connection to the United States of sufficient strength to warrant conferral of citizenship at birth. The Government does not contend, nor could it, that unmarried men take more time to absorb U. S. values than unmarried women do. See supra, at 16. Instead, it presents a novel argument, one it did not advance in Flores-Villar. 16
An unwed mother, the Government urges, is the child's only "legally recognized" parent at the time of childbirth. Brief for Petitioner 9–10, 28–32. 17 An unwed citizen father enters the scene later, as a second parent. A longer physical connection to the United States is warranted for the unwed father, the Government maintains, because of the "competing national influence" of the alien mother. Id., at 9–10. Congress, the Government suggests, designed the statute to bracket an unwed U. S.-citizen mother with a married couple in which both parents are U. S. citizens, 18 and to align an unwed U. S.-citizen father with a married couple, one spouse a citizen, the other, an alien.
Underlying this apparent design is the assumption that the alien father of a nonmarital child born abroad to a U. S.-citizen mother will not accept parental responsibility. For an actual affiliation between alien father and nonmarital child would create the "competing national influence" that, according to the Government, justifies imposing on unwed U. S.-citizen fathers, but not unwed U. S.-citizen mothers, lengthy physical-presence requirements. Hardly gender neutral, see id., at 9, that assumption conforms to the long-held view that unwed fathers care little about, indeed are strangers to, their children. See supra, at 9–13. Lump characterization of that kind, however, no longer passes equal protection inspection. See supra, at 13–14, and n. 13.
Accepting, arguendo, that Congress intended the diverse physical-presence prescriptions to serve an interest in ensuring a connection between the foreign-born nonmarital child and the United States, the gender-based means scarcely serve the posited end. The scheme permits the transmission of citizenship to children who have no tie to the United States so long as their mother was a U. S. citizen continuously present in the United States for one year at any point in her life prior to the child's birth. The transmission holds even if the mother marries the child's alien father immediately after the child's birth and never returns with the child to the United States. At the same time, the legislation precludes citizenship transmission by a U. S.-citizen father who falls a few days short of meeting §1401(a)(7)'s longer physical-presence requirements, even if the father acknowledges paternity on the day of the child's birth and raises the child in the United States. 19 One cannot see in this driven-by-gender scheme the close means-end fit required to survive heightened scrutiny. See, e.g., Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co.,
446 U. S. 142–152 (1980) (holding unconstitutional state workers' compensation death-benefits statute presuming widows' but not widowers' dependence on their spouse's earnings); Westcott, 443 U. S., at 88–89.
The Government maintains that Congress established the gender-based residency differential in §1409(a) and (c) to reduce the risk that a foreign-born child of a U. S. citizen would be born stateless. Brief for Petitioner 33. This risk, according to the Government, was substantially greater for the foreign-born child of an unwed U. S.-citizen mother than it was for the foreign-born child of an unwed U. S.-citizen father. Ibid. But there is little reason to believe that a statelessness concern prompted the diverse physical-presence requirements. Nor has the Government shown that the risk of statelessness disproportionately endangered the children of unwed mothers.
As the Court of Appeals pointed out, with one exception, 20 nothing in the congressional hearings and reports on the 1940 and 1952 Acts "refer[s] to the problem of statelessness for children born abroad." 804 F. 3d, at 532–533. See Collins 2205, n. 283 (author examined "many hundreds of pre-1940 administrative memos . . . defend[ing] or explain[ing] recognition of the nonmarital foreign-born children of American mothers as citizens"; of the hundreds, "exactly one memo by a U. S. official . . . mentions the risk of statelessness for the foreign-born nonmarital children of American mothers as a concern"). Reducing the incidence of statelessness was the express goal of other sections of the 1940 Act. See 1940 Hearings 430 ("stateless[ness]" is "object" of section on foundlings). The justification for §1409's gender-based dichotomy, however, was not the child's plight, it was the mother's role as the "natural guardian" of a nonmarital child. See supra, at 9–13; Collins 2205 ("[T]he pronounced gender asymmetry of the Nationality Act's treatment of nonmarital foreign-born children of American mothers and fathers was shaped by contemporary maternalist norms regarding the mother's relationship with her nonmarital child—and the father's lack of such a relationship."). It will not do to "hypothesiz[e] or inven[t]" governmental purposes for gender classifications "post hoc in response to litigation." Virginia, 518 U. S., at 533, 535–536.
Infecting the Government's risk-of-statelessness argument is an assumption without foundation. "[F]oreign laws that would put the child of the U. S.-citizen mother at risk of statelessness (by not providing for the child to acquire the father's citizenship at birth)," the Government asserts, "would protect the child of the U. S.-citizen father against statelessness by providing that the child would take his mother's citizenship." Brief for Petitioner 35. The Government, however, neglected to expose this supposed "protection" to a reality check. Had it done so, it would have recognized the formidable impediments placed by foreign laws on an unwed mother's transmission of citizenship to her child. See Brief for Scholars on Statelessness as Amici Curiae 13–22, A1–A15.
Experts who have studied the issue report that, at the time relevant here, in "at least thirty countries," citizen mothers generally could not transmit their citizenship to nonmarital children born within the mother's country. Id., at 14; see id., at 14–17. "[A]s many as forty-five countries," they further report, "did not permit their female citizens to assign nationality to a nonmarital child born outside the subject country with a foreign father." Id., at 18; see id., at 18–21. In still other countries, they also observed, there was no legislation in point, leaving the nationality of nonmarital children uncertain. Id., at 21–22; see Sandifer, A Comparative Study of Laws Relating to Nationality at Birth and to Loss of Nationality, 29 Am. J. Int'l L. 248, 256, 258 (1935) (of 79 nations studied, about half made no specific provision for the nationality of nonmarital children). Taking account of the foreign laws actually in force, these experts concluded, "the risk of parenting stateless children abroad was, as of [1940 and 1952], and remains today, substantial for unmarried U. S. fathers, a risk perhaps greater than that for unmarried U. S. mothers." Brief for Scholars on Statelessness as Amici Curiae 9–10; see id., at 38–39. One can hardly characterize as gender neutral a scheme allegedly attending to the risk of statelessness for children of unwed U. S.-citizen mothers while ignoring the same risk for children of unwed U. S.-citizen fathers.
In 2014, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) undertook a ten-year project to eliminate statelessness by 2024. See generally UNHCR, Ending Statelessness Within 10 Years, online at http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/protection/statelessness/546217229/special-report-ending-statelessness-10-years.html (all Internet materials as last visited June 9, 2017). Cognizant that discrimination against either mothers or fathers in citizenship and nationality laws is a major cause of statelessness, the Commissioner has made a key component of its project the elimination of gender discrimination in such laws. UNHCR, The Campaign To End Statelessness: April 2016 Update 1 (referring to speech of UNHCR "highlight[ing] the issue of gender discrimination in the nationality laws of 27 countries—a major cause of statelessness globally"), online at http://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content / uploads / Campaign-Update-April-2016.pdf;UNHCR, Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and Statelessness 2016, p. 1 ("Ensuring gender equality in nationality laws can mitigate the risks of statelessness."), online at http://www.refworld.org/docid/56de83ca4.html. In this light, we cannot countenance risk of statelessness as a reason to uphold, rather than strike out, differential treatment of unmarried women andmen with regard to transmission of citizenship to their children.
In sum, the Government has advanced no "exceedingly persuasive" justification for §1409(a) and (c)'s gender-specific residency and age criteria. Those disparate criteria, we hold, cannot withstand inspection under a Constitution that requires the Government to respect the equal dignity and stature of its male and female citizens. 21
While the equal protection infirmity in retaining a longer physical-presence requirement for unwed fathers than for unwed mothers is clear, this Court is not equipped to grant the relief Morales-Santana seeks, i.e., extending to his father (and, derivatively, to him) the benefit of the one-year physical-presence term §1409(c) reserves for unwed mothers.
There are "two remedial alternatives," our decisions instruct, Westcott, 443 U. S., at 89 (quoting Welsh v. United States,
398 U. S. 333, 361 (1970) (Harlan, J., concurringin result)), when a statute benefits one class (in this case, unwed mothers and their children), as §1409(c) does, and excludes another from the benefit (here, unwed fathers and their children). "[A] court may either declare [the statute] a nullity and order that its benefits not extend to the class that the legislature intended to benefit, or it may extend the coverage of the statute to include those who are aggrieved by exclusion." Westcott, 443 U. S., at 89 (quoting Welsh, 398 U. S., at 361 (opinion of Harlan, J.)). 22 "[W]hen the 'right invoked is that to equal treatment,' the appropriate remedy is a mandate of equal treatment, a result that can be accomplished by withdrawal of benefits from the favored class as well as by extension of benefits to the excluded class." Heckler v. Mathews,
465 U. S. 728, 740 (1984) (quoting Iowa-Des Moines Nat. Bank v. Bennett,
; emphasis deleted). "How equality is accomplished . . . is a matter on which the Constitution is silent." Levin v. Commerce Energy, Inc.,
The choice between these outcomes is governed by the legislature's intent, as revealed by the statute at hand. See id., at 427 ("On finding unlawful discrimination, . . . courts may attempt, within the bounds of their institutional competence, to implement what the legislature would have willed had it been apprised of the constitutional infirmity."). See also Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New Eng.,
546 U. S. 320, 330 (2006) ("the touchstone for any decision about remedy is legislative intent"). 24
Ordinarily, we have reiterated, "extension, rather than nullification, is the proper course." Westcott, 443 U. S., at 89. Illustratively, in a series of cases involving federal financial assistance benefits, the Court struck discriminatory exceptions denying benefits to discrete groups, which meant benefits previously denied were extended. See, e.g., Goldfarb, 430 U. S., at 202–204, 213–217 (plurality opinion) (survivors' benefits), aff'g 396 F. Supp. 308, 309 (EDNY 1975) (per curiam); Jimenez v. Weinberger,
417 U. S. 628–631, and n. 2, 637–638 (1974) (disability benefits); Department of Agriculture v. Moreno,
413 U. S. 528–530, 538 (1973) (food stamps); Frontiero, 411 U. S., at 678–679, and n. 2, 691, and n. 25 (plurality opinion) (military spousal benefits). Here, however, the discriminatory exception consists of favorable treatment for a discrete group (a shorter physical-presence requirement for unwed U. S.-citizen mothers giving birth abroad). Following the same approach as in those benefits cases—striking the discriminatory exception—leads here to extending the general rule of longer physical-presence requirements to cover the previously favored group.
The Court has looked to Justice Harlan's concurring opinion in Welsh v. United States, 398 U. S., at 361–367, in considering whether the legislature would have struck an exception and applied the general rule equally to all, or instead, would have broadened the exception to cure the equal protection violation. In making this assessment, a court should " 'measure the intensity of commitment to the residual policy' "—the main rule, not the exception—" 'and consider the degree of potential disruption of the statutory scheme that would occur by extension as opposed to abrogation.' " Heckler, 465 U. S., at 739, n. 5 (quoting Welsh, 398 U. S., at 365 (opinion of Harlan, J.)).
The residual policy here, the longer physical-presence requirement stated in §§1401(a)(7) and 1409, evidences Congress' recognition of "the importance of residence in this country as the talisman of dedicated attachment." Rogers v. Bellei,
; see Weedin v. Chin Bow,
274 U. S. 657–666 (1927) (Congress "attached more importance to actual residence in the United States as indicating a basis for citizenship than it did to descent. . . . [T]he heritable blood of citizenship was thus associated unmistakeably with residence within the country which was thus recognized as essential to full citizenship." (internal quotation marks omitted)). And the potential for "disruption of the statutory scheme" is large. For if §1409(c)'s one-year dispensation were extended to unwed citizen fathers, would it not be irrational to retain the longer term when the U. S.-citizen parent is married? Disadvantageous treatment of marital children in comparison to nonmarital children is scarcely a purpose one can sensibly attribute to Congress. 25
Although extension of benefits is customary in federal benefit cases, see supra, at 23–24, n. 22, 25, all indicators in this case point in the opposite direction. 26 Put to the choice, Congress, we believe, would have abrogated §1409(c)'s exception, preferring preservation of the general rule. 27
The gender-based distinction infecting §§1401(a)(7) and 1409(a) and (c), we hold, violates the equal protection principle, as the Court of Appeals correctly ruled. For the reasons stated, however, we must adopt the remedial course Congress likely would have chosen "had it been apprised of the constitutional infirmity." Levin, 560 U. S., at 427. Although the preferred rule in the typical case is to extend favorable treatment, see Westcott, 443 U. S., at 89–90, this is hardly the typical case. 28 Extension here would render the special treatment Congress prescribed in §1409(c), the one-year physical-presence requirement for U. S.-citizen mothers, the general rule, no longer an exception. Section 1401(a)(7)'s longer physical-presence requirement, applicable to a substantial majority of children born abroad to one U. S.-citizen parent and one foreign-citizen parent, therefore, must hold sway. 29 Going forward, Congress may address the issue and settle on a uniform prescription that neither favors nor disadvantages any person on the basis of gender. In the interim,as the Government suggests, §1401(a)(7)'s now-five-year requirement should apply, prospectively, to children born to unwed U. S.-citizen mothers. See Brief for Petitioner 12, 51; Reply Brief 19, n. 3.
* * *
The judgment of the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit is affirmed in part and reversed in part, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is so ordered.
Justice Gorsuch took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
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The White House said it was "troubled" by an Egyptian court that sentenced hundreds of Muslim Brotherhood members and supporters to death on Monday, the second of such mass sentences recently.
The convictions stemmed from a violent riot in the Egyptian city of Minya during which a police officer was killed, according to CNN. Mohammed Badie, the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, was among the 683 Egyptians sentenced to death.
The White House called on Egyptian leaders to "take a stand against this illogical action and dangerous precedent, recognizing that the repression of peaceful dissent will fuel the instability and radicalization that Egypt says it wishes to prevent."
"We urge the Egyptian government to end the use of mass trials, reverse this and previous mass sentences, and ensure that every citizen is afforded due process," Carney said.
The White House spokesman did not, however, threaten specific penalties or sanctions if Egyptian leaders did not halt the convictions. Egypt annually receives billions in U.S. aid.
The death sentences will be evaluated by Egypt's highest religious authority before becoming final. Earlier this year, 39 of 529 death sentences handed down in a similar trial were upheld, with other convicts seeing their sentences commuted to life in prison. The majority of the convicts are being tried in abstentia, and defendants are permitted to appeal.
Egypt has been in a state of chaos since protests toppled leader Hosni Mubarak in 2011. Islamist President Mohamed Morsi, was elected after Mubarak's removal, was ousted in July, and the military has administered the country since then.


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The name: The Fit•ology The Logo: The Website: http://www.thefitology.com From this point forward, all content will be shared on the above website. There is certainly more development to be done and this soft rollout is simply to create awareness around my new stomping grounds. I hope to see and hear from you along this … Continue reading
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A Step Towards Higher Ground
BRICKHOUSES United
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Underground Strength and YOU!
This past weekend was roaring with INTENSITY, forward thinking, forward movement and quality investments physically and mentally. Zach Even-Esh, father of the Underground Strength Nation, came to Austin from New Jersey to put on a certification at Red Black Gym. While there was no fist pumping, this guy still knows how to get a crowd movin'! … Continue reading
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Want the key to VITALITY!? Lifelong HEALTH? A sharp mental edge and much more. It's no secret we are what we eat and in like there are many components of health we are lacking due to nutrition we are lacking. The video below is of a doctor who has MS, Multiple Sclerosis. Dr. Terry Wahls learned how … Continue reading
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Skip to comments.Colorado eruption around 27 million years ago dwarfs all others known today worldwide
Posted on 01/21/2010 6:50:18 PM PST by george76
If calderas were brag-prone creatures with bumper stickers, La Garita's would read "my volcanic eruption kicked your volcanic eruption's butt."
La Garita in Colorado's San Juan Mountains cut loose with a massive magma explosion about 27 million years ago during the Oligocene Epoch, spewing out an estimated 1,000 cubic miles of ash, its center collapsing under the force. To date, La Garita is the largest known single volcanic eruption in the world. In only a few weeks, it pumped out about enough material to fill Lake Michigan.
"Ash from La Garita killed everything for at least 100 miles in every direction and would have seriously affected everything for much further than that," said Peter W. Lipman, scientist emeritus with the U.S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Team.
If La Garita's top-blowing event filled a 35-gallon trash can, the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption amounted to a cup of espresso. Pinatubo's eruption in 1991? Enough to fill a regular-size Styrofoam coffee cup...
La Garita was among 18 volcanoes that went off between 20 and 30 million years ago leaving behind a string of calderas. One of them, the Creede, is sliced through now by the Rio Grande
(Excerpt) Read more at santafenewmexican.com ...
Wasn't that right about the time Helen was born?
It is still there and if it ever blows we are well and truly....
It might beat known eruptions today but the Siberian mantle plume eruption consisted of lava flows across pretty much all of Siberia.
The Indian mantle plume eruption was another big one about the time of the dinosaur extinction. (They had a couple of rough years)
The Long Valley Caldera in California just up the road from me was no wimp either, 700,000 years ago, the volcanic eruption killed large animals in what is now Nebraska and dumped hot rocks on what is now New York.
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Paging Danny Glover.
I am not sure if it is not also surpassed by Toba, about 74,000 years ago. I tried to find volume ejected data, but the only figure I came up with was that it ejected 20 to 50 time what Tambora did in 1815. I think also that one of the 3 Yellowstone events also was bigger than 1,000 cubic miles in volume.
Lipman returned in the 1980s and again with other geologists in the 1990s. Each time they had newer, better equipment that allowed them to sleuth out more of La Garita's puzzle pieces. By 1996, geologists had mapped the La Garita caldera as a 20 mile by 50 mile oval. The Bandelier Tuff that marks the Valles Caldera is about 14 miles in diameter.
It was my understanding that the volcano whose collapse formed the Valles Caldera soared to an estimated height greater than Mt Everest....
Los Alamos is on the eastern slope ....elevation 7000+ feet.
Info:Valles Caldera
It is a lovely area now.
Back in the day, it must have been rather noisy and dusty, then with massive snow falls and spring run offs.
I have been over much of Colarado,...but this is new to me...
La Garita Caldera is a large volcanic caldera located in the San Juan volcanic field in the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado, United States, to the west of the town of La Garita, Colorado. The eruption that created the La Garita Caldera was, perhaps, the largest known explosive eruption in all of Earth's history (the Siberian Traps may have been larger but the cause is still being debated).
I have not been to Creede:
Creede is located near the headwaters of the Rio Grande River, which flows through the San Juan Mountains and the San Luis Valley on its way to New Mexico, Texas, and eventually into the Gulf of Mexico.
I've always liked that guy, ever since his days running Pendant Publishing. Thanks Ernest, good links.
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