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I've always been in awe of the mystery and power that the Kraken commands through its legends and tales.
For one of my classes we had to create a museum based around any character of our choice, so I found my guy 20,000 leagues below.
Presented is all of the branding and designing for "The Kraken Museum" as if it was being pitched to a client.
All of the branding and signage was hand drawn, keeping with the fact that throughout time that is how the Kraken is represented.
I am a huge fan of Shepard Fairey.
His works, specifically his hands on ones (posters, murals, canvas, and etc.) have always been a source of inspiration. When I was tasked with creating a typeface after someone influential to me, it was a no brainer.
The typeface "Fairey" was designed with the intent of it being easy to use as a stencil typeface.
The final product is a handmade book and a canvas piece similar to what Fairey himself makes.
Urban Wildlife Rescue is a non-profit wildlife rescue and rehabilitation organization.
I chose to rebrand this organization because I'm passionate about nature and its critters.
I created my own identity system to rebrand their current one. This identity system included everything from a new logo, color scheme to even my own proposed tag lines
I was tasked with creating an infographic for any topic and I chose to create one based on anxiety in America.
After countless hours of research, I discovered that shockingly our own media and use of technology is the source of America's anxiety rather than other assumed things such as our economy or health.
The final outcome is a 30in x 44in poster.
I have to admit, architects are pretty cool.
This book was created to document and analyze the life and works of famous architect I.M. Pei. The grid and stylization of the book itself is based on I.M. Pei's own unique style and philosophy when it came to creating his buildings.
This book is part of a 3 part series: Foundation, Exploration, and Execution.
This was a quantitative data/statistic design exercise that required me design 10 different squares for a topic. Each square was to show some statistic in relation to the topic.
As addicted as I am to coffee, it made sense to do what I brew.
As it was an exercise I challenged myself to not spend over an hour in planning and creating each square.
The squares are wrapped up in a burlap sack and packaged in a wooden box. I filled the box with coffee beans so the oh so familiar smell of coffee would be part of the viewing experience.
I like drawing a lot, so here are some pages from my sketchbook.
If you like them, my Instagram @poesbeforehoes is where stuff like this lives.


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This is a Print-On-Demand book and is printed upon receipt of your order. It is not returnable except for product defects. Delivery will take approximately 10 - 14 days.
This classic reference is a compilation of a series of gear-designing charts illustrating by simple diagrams and examples the solutions of practical problems relating to spur gears, straight-tooth bevel gears, spiral-bevel gears, helical gears for parallel shaft drives, helical (spiral) gears for angular drives, herringbone gears, and worm gears.
- Contains a series of simply diagrammed gear-designing charts, illustrating solutions to practical problems.
- Presents all of the rules, formulas, and examples applying to all types of gears.
- Aids design engineers and manufacturers involved in the production of gears.
- Standard Gear Tooth Forms and Dimensions
- Spur Gears- Full Depth Teeth
- Spur Gears- Stub Teeth
- Internal Gears
- Bevel Gears- Right Angle Drives
- Straight Tooth Bevel Gears- Gleason System
- Bevel Gears of Parallel-Depth Type
- Helical or Spiral Gears
- Herringbone Gears
- Worm Gearing
- Gearing Ratios and Speeds
- Power Transmitting Capacity of Gears
- Definitions of Gear Terms
- Index

subset: commoncrawl


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Maverick theatre maker Richard Jones directs a new stage adaptation of Kafka�s great novel The Trial written by Nick Gill.
Rory Kinnear leads the cast.
Young Vic66 The Cut, London, SE1 8LZinfo • what's on @ • map
Box office: 020 7922 2922
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For the latest local news and events direct to your inbox every Monday, you need our weekly email newsletter SE1 Direct.
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"I love it when people, especially psychologists, publicise lies about us! Why? Because it means they feel threatened by us. When advocates of other 'treatments' lie about us publicly, what does that tell us? In all the years I have been helping people and tolerated constant attacks from people like this, I have never done anything to retaliate or sink to their level. I've had psychologist complain that we have cured their paying clients. I've had threats against my family by people within organisations that provide facilities for anxious people. Again, maybe they don't like the thousands of testimonials and clear success of our programmes. It's a sad world where people place their own financial security over the wellbeing of their patients and are prepared to publicly say almost anything to discredit us." Charles
To clarify… HOCD is not a term we like, agree with or have 'created'.
HOCD/ROCD/POCD/OCD etc. are all acronyms created by 'urban dictionary' in psychological practice and by sufferers and have not been created by us. We use these terms to identify the condition based on openly and commonly used terms and not because we agree or endorse their use.
According to a journalist… Prof Elizabeth Peel, chair of the BPS's psychology of sexualities section said "The term 'Homosexual OCD' is simply conversion therapy under another guise and something we strongly condemn as damaging," .
How can a commonly used name for a CONDITION be a 'therapy'? This person clearly doesn't understand the condition nor the definition of therapy… the statement itself makes no sense and the BPS should investigate because, honestly, not sure if this professor should be a professor.
The list of organisations that talk about HOCD on many hundreds of webpages are all practising 'gay conversion therapy'? What utter nonsense… of course not!
HOCD is a recognised term used across mental health and anyone stating otherwise is LYING – Here are examples.
OCD UK charity website website: http://www.ocduk.org/hocd
OCD Centre Los Angeles on HOCD: http://ocdla.com/gay-ocd-hocd-test
OCD Action UK on HOCD: http://www.ocdaction.org.uk/search/node/hocd
US Institute of health on HOCD: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4347158/
As stated above, we treat anxiety disorders and the manifestations of those disorders. We do not practice any form of therapy outside of LAR which only addresses the emotion of fear and its inappropriate manifestations as an anxiety disorder. We do not agree with the practice referred to as Gay Conversion Therapy – We find the practice abhorrent and ridiculous.
About us
We are members of BACP and AC and NCFE with good-standing
we have been in practice since 1997 and have helped 184,000 plus people with our home-learning programme alone. Millions through our online facilities.
Our psychologist Dr Catherine Steele is a member of the BPS.
We work with Treading Standards to make sure we DO NOT state inaccuracies or contravene advertsing laws.
What a journalist might say isn't necessarily the correct 'take' especially when they make reports to governing bodies and then publicly state that we have been reported… Of course we have! By YOU! That's akin to purposely crashing a car so you can make an insurance claim!
Journalists with little intelligence can manipulate facts to fit their own agenda and turn a massive positive, like the millions of people we have helped, into a circus to feed their own egos… journalism is known for it. This becomes particularly noticeable when a journalist has a HUGE and nasty chip on their shoulder. It's so easy to post nonsense, bolstering it with 'someone reported this organisation' and 'a spokes-person stated that', when time has allowed them the luxury to create a false truth and egotistical and selfishly send it out into the world as 'fact'… the truth always outs however, the claims and accusations are unjustified, childish, malicious and idiotic. But when these people are advocates of a competing organisation, what does that make them? To generate falsehoods in order to undermine us? That comes from a bad place in the human psyche.
Our organisation is amazing. Our staff is amazing.
Re Gok Wan, Jodie KIdd, Lady Nornington, Kate Ford, Linda Robson and references and other celebrity clients – ALL video around Charles' participation have been filmed by Linden Tree Education and DO NOT belong to a third-party. Photographs of Charles with Gok Wan and other celebrities were taken by Linden Tree Education or have permission to be used by the originator.
ALL photographs and videos on our websites have either been filmed by us, are freely available on YouTube, have been taken by us or have permission to be used by the originator.
HOWEVER – Photographs and grabs of Linden Tree copyright protected photographs and other materials have been used without permission in journalistic articles.
Perhaps misguided journalists might like to take a look at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/culturally-speaking/201203/assessment-and-treatment-sexual-orientation-themed-ocd
OR read these books…
Williams, M. (2008). Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD. In L. V. Sebeki (ed), Leading-Edge Health Education Issues, Nova Publishers.
Williams, M. T., Crozier, M., Powers, M. B. (2011). Treatment of Sexual Orientation Obsessions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder using Exposure and Ritual Prevention. Clinical Case Studies, 10, 53-66.


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What Is User Experience Design? Overview, Tools And Resources
Websites About UX
Plenty of websites cover the topic of UX. Here are a few of them.
UX Magazine
UX Magazine is a high-quality resource that publishes discussions on ways to enhance the user experience.
UX Booth
UX Booth is a multi-author blog catering to the user experience community. It also covers usability and interaction design.
User Interface: Stack Exchange
Still in beta, UI Stack Exchange (part of the Stack Overflow network) is a collaboratively edited question-and-answer website for user interface researchers and experts.
Stack Overflow
Stack Overflow, a popular programming Q&A website, has awesome question threads tagged with UX and Usability.
UX Exchange
UX Exchange is a community-driven website where members can ask about user experience and UX-related fields such as usability, accessibility and interaction design.
User Interface Engineering
UIE is the largest usability research organization in the world. It publishes articles and research findings on its website.
UXmatters is a Web magazine that publishes content on user experience strategies, information on the UX discipline and more.
52 Weeks of UX
This website by Joshua Porter and Joshua Brewer covers topics related to "the process of designing for real people."
Boxes and Arrows
Though Boxes and Arrows describes itself as being "devoted to the practice, innovation and discussion of design," the website regularly publishes top-notch articles about UX.
Peter Morville, founder of Semantic Studios, a leading information architecture, user experience and findability consultancy, writes about user experience (and related topics) in this Web column.
This blog by Dmitry Fadeyev is about design in the context of function.
101 Things I Learned in Interaction Design School
Interaction design is intimately related to UX, and this blog offers short and "easily digestible" posts on the topic.
UX Quotes
This website provides quote snippets on the topic of UX.
Quotes From the User
User experience is all about the user (which is why personas are important). This Tumblr blog tells the story of UX from the perspective of the user by featuring quotes by users of various systems.
This blog by the head of product at FourSquare (a popular location-based social networking service), Alex Rainert, often covers his thoughts on information and interaction design.
Konigi indexes news, resources and tools for UX designers (in a nice gallery layout that makes browsing the website easy).
90 percent of everything
This blog by user experience lead Harry Brignull covers information architecture, user experience and the nature of "good design."
This design pattern library discusses common tactics for decieving users, which can help UX designers locate patterns to avoid if they want to create a positive user experience.
Johnny Holland Magazine
This Web magazine is about interaction and UX design. Be sure to check out the UX Tips section, which indexes tweets hashed with #uxtips.
UX Pond
UX Pond is a search engine dedicated to UX-related content.
Adaptive Path Blog
Adaptive Path, a leading user interface and user experience design firm, runs a blog with useful content on UX and UI design.
Putting People First
This portal provides links, articles, resources and news about UX and "people-centered innovation," curated by the Italy-based experience design company Experientia.
nForm Blog
The blog of nForm (a consulting team focused on user experience) publishes great content relevant to UX designers.
Viget Advance
The UX-related blog of Viget Advance, a website production company.
Highly-respected usability researcher and ground-breaking author, Jakob Nielsen, writes a column named Alertbox on the topic of usability and UX.
UX Array
Sara Summers, user experience evangelist for Microsoft, blogs about (you guessed it) UX on her blog.
UI and Us
UI and Us is "about user interface design, user experience design and the cognitive psychology behind design."
UX Storytellers
UX Storytellers uses one of the profession's methodologies (storytelling) to tell the stories of UX, UI and IA professionals.


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It was that gratitude practice that helped dramatically shift myself out of some really hard months. Since then I found myself drawn to some of these self help ideas. In particular listening to some podcasts that focus on gratitude as a way to change your life. This week in particular I listened to Jess Lively's - The Lively Show, and Alison & Eric from -The Alison Show. Both focused on the idea that an actual gratitude practice each day can change your life. The point here being that it is a PRACTICE, something you DO each day! There are a few points I wanted to list here, for myself, for future reference.
#1 The Lively Show - she explained how Appreciation is a feeling that will change your life more dramatically that gratitude. Today we often use those words interchangeably, but they create very different feelings.
- Appreciation is the feeling of gratefulness that also consumes you with that undeserving humility.
- Gratitude -The act of feeling grateful for a job well done, circumstance, person, etc.
Doing a gratitude practice will help you appreciate your life more!
#2 The Alison Show - Gratitude when combined with physicality creates the feeling stronger. Also, when you feel grateful you start living your life more fully in the present moment. Therefore, if you have a tendency, like me, to wish your life away. This is a very good secret to learn.
Lastly, here are three practices that have helped me over the last few months.
1. When your eyes open in the morning, lay in bed and think of things your grateful for. 5-10 minutes. Set an alarm on your phone, so you don't have to keep looking at the clock. If you can't think of anything, start with your feet and move up your body. This has helped me in particular be more grateful for a body that sometimes I let myself have negative thoughts about.
2. Walk around the block, or in my case through the cemetery and go through your list. This is great because it's adding some physicality to your list.
3. Before bed, I have a journal on my night stand and I list 10 things I was grateful for that day.
4. Walk to the mailbox and make yourself feel grateful the entire way there and back.
5. During the sacrament on Sunday's, run through all the things that savior did for you, that you appreciate. Because we all know how undeserving we can feel when we focus on a realize what he did for us.


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PRLog (Press Release) – Sep 16, 2010 – "Zen: from China to cyberspace" is a free ebook available on http://www.amareway.org/. The ebook discusses how Chan flourished out of the Dhyana tradition. How it came from China, moved to Korea, Japan, spread to the West, including USA, Europe and Australia. And then on new media like Internet. The author believes that the straightforward and non-hierarchic approach of Zen made it an appropriate answer to the needs of millions of people along the centuries, and this is especially true here and now.
After seeing how Seon spread so far, Zen: from China to cyberspace then shows practical ways of making it even more accessible in the cyberspace, with potential and limits of new media. The author says: "Chan, Seon and Zen stand for similar Dharma schools, respectively in China, Korea and Japan. Zen became a house-hold name, because Japanese Zen masters played an important role in spreading awareness about it, that is why Zen has been used as title for this booklet".
http://www.amareway.org/ will also be publishing, every other day, one chapter from this research in the usual blog format follwed by the site.
Oh nice! One thing that I can not pass by is a free ebook. And one on accessing the Dharma from new media outlets? Count me in.


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- Mabel Reynolds
- 2 years ago
- Views:
1 SEX AND AGE DIMORPHISM OF MYOCARDIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN NONISCHEMIC HUMAN HEART FAILURE Fermin, Barac: Sex Dimorphism of Gene Expression in Heart Failure David R. Fermin MD 1,2, Ana Barac MD 4, Sangjin Lee MD 1,2, Sean P. Polster BS 1,2, Sridhar Hannenhalli PhD 5, Tracy L Bergemann, PhD 6, Suzanne Grindle BS 1,2, David B. Dyke MD 7, Francis Pagani MD, PhD 7, Leslie W. Miller MD 4, Sarah Tan BS 8, Cris dos Remedios PhD D.Sc. 8, Thomas P. Cappola MD, ScM 5, Kenneth B. Margulies MD 5, Jennifer L. Hall PhD 1,2,3,* 1 Lillehei Heart Institute, 2 Division of Cardiology (D.R.F., S.L., S.P.P., S.G., J.L.H.), 3 Developmental Biology Center (J.L.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 4 Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC (A.B., L.W.M.), 5 University of Pennsylvania (S.H., T.P.C., K.B.M.), Philadelphia, PA., 6 Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, 7 University of Michigan (D.B.D, F.P.), Ann Arbor, MI., 8 Department of Anatomy and Histology University of Sydney Australia, These authors contributed equally. Author for correspondence: *Jennifer L Hall, Division of Cardiology, Lillehei Heart Institute, 312 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN Voice: , Fax: , Word count: 6333
2 Journal Subject Codes: Heart Failure, Gene Expression, Genomics, Cell signaling/signal transduction ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: We report the first comprehensive analysis of gene expression differences by sex and age in left ventricular samples from 102 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Gene expression data (HG-U133A gene chip, Affymetrix) were analyzed from 30 females and 72 males from 3 separate centers. Over 1,800 genes displayed sexual dimorphism in the heart (adjusted p-value <0.05). A significant number of these genes were highly represented in gene ontology pathways involved in ion transport and G-proteincoupled receptor signaling. Localization of these genes revealed enrichment on both the sex chromosomes as well as chromosomes 3, 4, and 14. The second goal of this study was to determine the effect of age on gene expression. Within the female cohort, over 140 genes were differentially expressed in the under 55 age group compared to age group above 55 years of age. These genes were highly represented in gene ontology pathways involved in DNA damage. In contrast, zero genes in the male cohort under age 55 met statistical significance when compared to the group over 55. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression in dilated cardiomyopathy displayed evidence of sexual dimorphism similar to other somatic tissues and age dimorphism within the female cohort. Keywords: Heart failure, Sex, Aging, Genes 2
3 Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in both men and women. 1 There are significant differences in the incidence, etiology and outcomes of heart failure in men and women, although the causes of these differences are not well understood. Previous reports have established that women are more likely to have nonischemic heart failure than men, a lower 5- year mortality associated with heart failure, and a phenotype of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and preserved ejection fraction. 2 Surprisingly, we still do not understand if there are cellular or biological differences between men and women that may be responsible for these differences in function, remodeling, disease, and mortality. Evidence for sex-based differences in myocardial gene expression in humans has been limited by small sample sizes. 3,4 A study testing for sex-based dimorphism in gene expression in the human heart with the power to detect genome-wide significance is a first step toward determining if cellular or biological functions may underlie sex-based differences in phenotype. In addition to sex, age-related trends in the incidence and prevalence of all cardiovascular diseases have been well established in longitudinal studies. 5 An association between age-related trends in cardiovascular disease and age-dependent changes in the expression of genes has not been tested. Identifying genes whose expression levels are modified by age and associated with cardiovascular phenotypes may lead to the identification of new targets for early detection and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the impact of sex and age on gene expression in the failing human heart. The study population included younger male and female subjects (a cutoff 3
4 of 55 years of age was used as a proxy for premenopausal status in women), which allowed for identification of additional age-specific gene effects between or amongst the sexes. METHODS Statement of Responsibility. The authors had full access to and take full responsibility for the integrity of the data. All authors have read and agree to the manuscript as written. Human Tissue Samples. Human left ventricular myocardium was obtained from 102 patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy at the time of heart transplant or left ventricular assist device implantation. The study included 72 males (48.2 +/ yrs) and 30 females (50.4 +/ yrs) from 3 separate cohorts (Temple University, University of Minnesota, University of Michigan) (Table 1). In the subsequent analysis, the gender groups were also stratified by age < 55 years and >= 55 years. In women, since menopausal status was not known, this age cutoff was meant to serve as an approximation of pre- and post-menopause. Total RNA was then extracted from the samples for microarray hybridization assays as described previously. 6 In addition, a validation cohort was selected from these samples based on the tissue availability for candidate gene reconfirmation by quantitative real-time PCR. Microarray Analysis. Gene expression arrays from Affymetrix (HG-U133A) were hybridized with the sample RNA as previously described 7 to obtain myocardial gene expression profiles of the 102 subjects. After generation of probe cell intensity data (CEL files), all subsequent 4
5 statistical analysis was performed using R version with Bioconductor version 2.0 (annotation data from the hgu133a package were built using Entrez gene data as of August 24, 2007 and a Gene Ontology build from February 8, 2007). 9 A number of quality control measures were utilized to assess the quality of each array hybridization as well as institution-to-institution assay variability (there was no prior randomization or systematic control for variability across institutional laboratories). Quality control metrics included overall intensity distribution plots and Affymetrix 3 /5 control probe ratios to identify outlier arrays. In addition, positive and negative controls on the periphery of each array were used to generate center of intensity plots, which serve as a metric for hybridization uniformity. Each array was evaluated on the basis of all these quality control measures as a whole, and none were found to be consistently out of specification based on commonly accepted metrics for Affymetrix arrays. 10 Utilizing these quality control metrics we did not find bias of hybridization based on the center in which the arrays were processed. Thus, all 102 samples were entered into the analysis and normalized using the robust multiarray average (RMA) method. After normalization, probesets were culled for redundancy if there were multiple probesets per gene (each gene may be represented by multiple unique oligonucleotide probesets on the HG-U133 array). First, all probesets without unique Entrez gene identifiers were removed from the analysis. Next, the median expression of each probeset was calculated, and the probeset with the greatest median expression was selected for each gene, in attempt to best capture the true biological expression while eliminating variance based on noise at low expression levels. This is a variation on probeset selection methods that 11, 12 have been described elsewhere. Statistical Analysis. Differential expression between the predefined analysis groups (male and female; < 55 and 55 years old) was modeled using the limma linear modeling package in 5
6 Bioconductor. Contrast matrices were designed as modified analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparisons to detect differences between gender and age subgroups as main effects, as well as the interaction between gender and age effects. After fitting the linear model, the empirical Bayesian method was utilized to calculate test statistics and P values. P values were adjusted for multiple testing using the classical false discovery rate (FDR) method described by Benjamini and Hochberg. 13,14,15 This method employed a controlled FDR (set at 0.05) while adjusting for multiple testing simultaneously across multiple subgroup comparisons of age and gender (further multiplying the number of tests adjusted for by the number of comparisons, for a more conservative global adjustment). Resultant gene sets meeting these criteria for differential expression were ascribed genome-wide significance, and were combined with public database annotation data and exported with log 2 transformed expression values and fold changes for further heuristic analysis as described below. Enrichment Analysis. After genes of interest were identified from the subgroup analyses, a recursive (stepwise grouping) approach was used to reanalyze the gene expression data based on functional classification. This method allows for the elucidation of significant gene groups as opposed to a blind probeset-by-probeset approach, thereby allowing for further discovery based upon gene set enrichment. Normalized expression data from the subgroup analyses were analyzed using GOstats, a gene set enrichment analysis package in R based on Gene Ontology classifications. This method tests for overrepresentation of functional groups amongst the differentially expressed genes (in this case, the GO:Biological Process Ontology). 16 Testing for enrichment of individual chromosomes based upon the abundance of differentially expressed genes amongst those represented on the HG-U133A (for those that had chromosomal annotation 6
7 data) was performed using the Fisher exact test. 17 Transcription factor binding sites in promoters of candidate genes. We first converted the ENSEMBL gene identifiers to RefSeq identifiers using ENSEMBL s biomart tool. Using a previously published, phylogenetic-footprinting approach, 7 we compiled a comprehensive database of putative transcription factor binding sites in 1kb proximal promoters of all human genes with full length transcripts. Briefly, for each gene, we extracted 1 kb of genomic sequence immediately upstream from the transcription start site from UCSC database (www.genome.ucsc.edu). We searched these promoter regions using the 584 transcription factor binding site motifs obtained from the TRANSFAC database v A binding site motif is represented as a Positional Weight Matrix (PWM), which is a 4 x k matrix for a k bases long binding site and provides, for each of the k positions, the preferences for the four nucleotide bases at that position. Matches between TRANSFAC PWMs and promoter regions of cardiac genes were determined using the tool PWMSCAN. 19 The criterion for a match was p-value cutoff of , corresponding to an expected frequency of 1 random match in 5kb. We filtered these matches further using human-mouse genome sequence alignments to focus on promoter regions that showed evolutionary conservation. For each TRANSFAC match, let c be the fraction of binding site bases that were identical between human and mouse. We retained matches such that either p-value (expected frequency of 1 in 50 kb) or c 0.8. These criteria for matching have been evaluated previously and were shown to accurately detect ~65% of experimentally verified binding sites with a low false positive rate of 1 random match in every 50KB of genomic sequence searched. 19 7
8 Estimating Over-representation transcription factor binding sites in a gene set. Given two sets of gene promoters a foreground F (with N F promoters) and a control or background B (with N B promoters), our goal is to identify motifs that are enriched in F relative to B. For a particular transcription factor binding motif M, let M F be the number of foreground promoters that have site for motif M. M B is defined analogously. The quantity M M F B N B N F represents the enrichment of motif M in F relative to B. We estimated the significance (P value) of the enrichment using a one tailed Fisher exact test. Criteria for calling a family of TF binding motifs enriched in the promoters of differentially expressed genes were based on John Storey s false discovery rates, computed in R using the p-values as input. In order for a family of TF binding motifs to be selected as enriched, the median q-value for PWMs in that family must be < Male vs. Background: In this experiment male-specific differentially expressed genes were used as the foreground and the non-differentially expressed genes were used as the background. Female vs. Background: Female-specific differentially expressed genes were used as the foreground and the non-differentially expressed genes were used as the background. We then compare the result from these two analyses to search for TFs specifically associated with heart failure in men or women with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Expression levels of candidate genes were reproduced using quantitative real-time PCR. Eleven male and 5 female subjects were selected from the initial array analysis. Four candidate genes were selected for validation based on the mean Affymetrix expression levels as well as based on their potential role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) and myosin light chain 4 (MLK4) encode proteins implicated in the regulation of cardiac contractility. 20,21 while nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), localized in the 8
9 sarcoplasmic reticulum of the cardiomyocytes, may modulate calcium handling via its association with ryanodine receptor. 22 Phosphorylase kinase B (PHKB) is involved in the breakdown of glycogen in the heart. Primer and probe sets were obtained from optimized TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) designed for the ABI 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System. Target amplification and detection were performed on samples and controls in the same thermal cycling reaction in replicated fashion, allowing for minimization of experimental variability and calculation of ΔCt based on the corresponding reference control, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, (i.e. Target ΔCtHPRT ). 23 All samples were analyzed in duplicate. The results are shown in Supplemental Figure 1. There was a significant correlation between array and RT-PCR relative values for all of the genes except NOS1 which also had lower expression levels in Affymetrix array (Supplemental Figure 1). RESULTS Patient Characteristics. The clinical information for the subjects is included in Table 1. The age distribution, ejection fractions and proportion of inotrope use were not significantly different between the male and female cohorts. Similarly, the male/female distribution, ejection fractions and proportion of inotrope use were not significantly different between the under age 55 vs. the over age 55 cohort. Sex and Age-Based Differential Expression. 9
10 The aim of the analysis was to identify the impact of sex and age on gene expression patterns in dilated cardiomyopathy. Using a false discovery rate as described by Benjamini and Hochberg, with a significance level set at 0.05, we found 1837 genes that were differentially expressed between the male and female cohort (for the list of genes see Supplemental Table 1). Table 2 summarizes the distribution of genes that exhibited differential expression between men and women, stratified by age, at various stringency levels (absolute fold change >1.0, >1.2, >2.0, adjusted P value < 0.05). These genes were further characterized as female-biased or malebiased, based on the predominant expression in females or males respectively. As shown in Table 2 the majority of differences in gene expression are modest in size (<1.2 fold), which is consistent with previously published data. 24 Among the differentially expressed genes, there were a significantly larger number of female-biased genes compared to male-biased genes (the greater abundance of >2.0 fold expression in males is largely attributable to Y-linked genes). The bottom portion of Table 2 provides a breakdown of differential expression by age within the entire cohort as well as within the male and female cohorts. In this comparison, there is a clear delineation between age based expression in males and females. Within the male cohort, zero genes met the statistical cutoff for differential expression between the younger and older cohort. In contrast, in the female cohort, 142 genes were differentially expressed in the under 55 cohort compared to the over 55 group. The overall comparison to detect interaction between age effects and sex effects did not yield any significant genes when using the specified parameters for genome-wide significance, though there were a number of genes with significant unadjusted P values (not shown). The age* sex 10
11 interaction contrast tests for additional deviation in expression ratios that can not be explained solely by the sum of age and sex differences. Enrichment Analysis. Evidence for chromosomal enrichment is shown in Figure 1. Using the Fisher exact test to compare the frequencies of significant genes on each chromosome against the total number of genes interrogated on each chromosome, chromosomal enrichment in the male versus female comparison was detected. Aside from the sex chromosomes, which segregated as expected, chromosome 4 was found to have more female-biased differential expression, while chromosomes 3 and 14 contained more male-biased genes (Figure 1). To better understand the functional categories and the networks represented by the genes whose expression was significantly different between males and females we used a program based on Gene Ontology biological processes (the GOstats package in Bioconductor for R). Similar categorical groupings were observed when analyzed using another public domain enrichment analysis tool in the DAVID suite as a replication exercise (data not shown). 17 Table 3A lists the main functional biological categories of the genes that were significantly different between men and women using Gene Ontology. Both ion transport and G-proteincoupled receptor signaling pathways are included at the P<0.001 significance level. These two broad categories included some of the genes known to mediate physiological processes in the heart such as G-protein receptor kinases (GRK2 and GRK6), adenosine receptor, chemokine receptor 5 and phosphoinositide-3-kinase as well as sodium and potassium channels (for a full 11
12 list of the genes within this pathway and all other significant pathways please see Supplemental Table 2). In the female over- vs. under 55 years comparison, only the DNA damage response pathway met the statistical significance level of P<0.01 (Table 3B and Supplemental Table 2). Transcription Factor Binding Site Analysis For the lists of male-biased and female-biased genes, we compared the frequency of transcription factor bindings sites within the 1 KB promoter regions to the frequencies observed in a background set of 5000 genes which showed no evidence of differential expression (see data supplement for complete lists of male-biased, female biased, and background set). We found that 51 TRANSFAC positional weight matrices (PWMs) were enriched in the promoters of femalebiased genes with a false-discovery rate of 0.10, whereas only 2 PWMs were enriched in male promoters (both belong to the E2F family)(supplementary Table 3). These PWMs correspond to the transcription factor families summarized in Table 4. Several transcription factor families previously associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure were identified, including MEF2, GATA, NKX, and FOX. DISCUSSION Surprisingly little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms behind sex and age related differences in cardiovascular disease. To begin to explore this, we analyzed gene expression profiles in a cohort of 70 men and 32 women with dilated cardiomyopathy. We identified 1837 differentially expressed genes between the sexes. The majority of these genes demonstrated 12
13 modest absolute fold changes of (74.9%). These sexually dimorphic genes showed enrichment on autosomes 3, 4 and 14 as well as the sex chromosomes. A breakdown of these genes into biological processes revealed an overrepresentation of genes involved in ion transport activity and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. Age-related differences in gene expression were identified in the female cohort (less than 55 years of age vs. older than 55 years of age). These genes were highly represented in gene ontology pathways involved in DNA damage and signal transduction. In contrast, zero genes in the male cohort under age 55 met statistical significance when compared to the group over 55, despite the larger sample size of the male cohort. In conclusion, gene expression in the heart of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy displayed evidence of sexual dimorphism similar to other somatic tissues and age dimorphism within the female cohort. Our findings are in agreement with a recent report on sexually dimorphic genes present in other somatic tissues in mice, such as liver, adipose tissue, muscle and brain, where >70% of differentially expressed genes were found to display <1.2-fold difference in expression between males and females. 25 Greater fold changes (>2.0 fold) were seen in sex-chromosome linked genes as would be expected. (Supplemental Table 4). A recent study on a smaller set of human cardiac samples obtained from healthy organ donors reported 16 sexually dimorphic genes that displayed >2-fold differences and nearly all were linked to sex chromosomes. 3 Six of these sexually dimorphic genes identified in the hearts of healthy donors were identified in the failing hearts in our cohort (EIF1AY, RPS4Y1, DDX3Y, JARID1D, USP9Y, CYorf14) (Supplemental Table 4). JARID1D is a member of the Jumonji family. Several members of this Jumonji family were recently identified to act as transcriptional repressors and modulators of chromatin
14 JARDID1D and JARID1C have been identified as histone demethylases. 26 Thus JARID1D may be an important sex-linked gene that regulates sex-linked changes in gene expression through transcriptional repression or modification of chromatin leading to ultrastructural and functional changes in the heart. Early work showed that mice with a homozygous knockout of the jumonji gene showed abnormal heart development. 31 Jumonji has also been shown to repress the transcriptional activities of GATA4 and Nkx Taken together, these findings suggest that X- linked expression of JARID1D may be a critical differentiator underlying sex-related differences in cardiovascular function. X and Y linked genes with a priori biological evidence for a role in genetic, molecular, and cellular processes linked to heart structure and function are likely first candidates for targets that lead to differences between men and women. To increase our understanding of the functional categories highly represented by the genes whose expression was significantly different between men and women, we used an integrative analysis based on GO biological process terms. Two of the major findings of this study are that sexually dimorphic genes are significantly overrepresented in ion transport and G protein coupled receptor signaling pathways. The sexually dimorphic genes encoding sodium channels such as SCN3B, SCN8A, SCN10A, SCN11A and SCN3, as well as potassium channels (KCNA2, KCNB2, KCNJ3, KCNJ6, KCNJ14, KCNMB3, KCNMB4, KCNV1) clustered in the ion transport categories. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest a possible role of ion channels in sex specific cardiovascular phenotypes. For example, female predominance was found in both the acquired and congenital long-qt syndromes. 32 In addition, a recent report by Albert et al. identified an association 14
15 between functionally significant mutations and rare polymorphisms in SCN5A and sudden cardiac risk in women. 33 In vitro work with human mammary arteries showed that arterial vasorelaxation in response to levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer and a novel vasodilatory agent that is used in the therapy of heart failure, was also quantitatively and qualitatively different in males and females. 34 In our analysis, we found that men and women with end-stage heart failure had significantly different expression levels of RNA encoding for sodium and potassium channels. In addition, we identified significant overrepresentation of the transcription factor binding site Nkx2.5 in the female biased genes. Mutations in Nkx2.5 result in conduction abnormalities. 35 Furthermore, many sodium and potassium channel family members harbor Nkx2.5 sites in their promoters. Future work will be needed to explore the biological regulation of these ion channel families and the role and regulation of Nkx.2.5 in male and female preclinical models. Several transcription factors in addition to Nkx2.5 were identified that were overrepresented in the differentially expressed genes in the female hearts, including factors such as MEF2 and GATA that have been previously associated with heart failure along with novel candidates. Unexpectedly, we detected enrichment of the transcription factor binding site that recognizes Sry (a gene found on the Y chromosome) in the genes differentially expressed in females. Since SRY is only expressed in men, this finding cannot imply an increase in SRY activity in the female failing heart. Instead, it may be a marker of target-genes that are regulated in a different manner in women compared to men via other mechanisms. Alternatively, this finding could be a false-positive association, or it may it may reflect limitations in the specificity of TF binding motifs in TRANSFAC. For example, the binding motif for Sry (AAACAAA) is similar to that 15
16 for Sox-9 (GTAAACAATAGA) and a few FOXO transcription factors (TATGTAAACAAACAA). The overexpression of transcription factor binding sites for GATA and MEF are particularly intriguing given their known role in hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling. 31, 36 The only transcription factor binding site overrepresented in the genes upregulated in the male hearts was E2F. This transcription factor binding site is present in many genes that control cell cycle, gene transcription, and cell death. Future work in the laboratory will be needed to test the mechanistic role of these transcription factors. The second major pathway identified from a pathways analysis of statistically significant sexually dimorphic genes was G protein coupled receptor signaling. The dimorphic genes from the GPCR functional group included several targets with previously demonstrated roles in ventricular remodeling and function; G-protein receptor kinases (GRK2, GRK6) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase have been reported as critical regulators of inotropic and lusitropic properties of the heart, 37 and nonspecific ablation of the GRK2 (also known as beta adrenergic receptor kinase 1) gene was found to cause intrauterine heart failure and death in mice. 38 Importantly, increasing evidence for sex-related differences in ventricular remodeling is emerging from different animal models Our data provides the basis to further explore the relationship between the observed dimorphism in the signaling pathways and sex-related differences in discrete cardiac phenotypes, such as response to pressure and volume overload or remodeling after myocardial infarction. 41 When divided into age groups below and above 55 years of age, zero genes were differentially expressed by age in the male cohort. In contrast, when the female cohort was analyzed 16
17 separately, over 142 genes were significantly different in the age group below 55 yrs compared to above 55 yrs. These genes revealed only one significantly overrepresented functional category, the DNA damage response pathway, with 3 representative genes including v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1, GPI anchored molecule like protein and BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1. Perspective and Study Limitations The elucidation of sex-related differences in prognosis and outcomes in chronic heart failure (HF) has been limited by the smaller proportion of women enrolled in clinical trials, thus leading 42, 43,44,45 to inconsistent reports about the relationship between sex and survival in heart failure. The investigators of Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) Program examined the effect of sex on clinical outcomes in 5199 men and 2400 women with HF and found that women had lower risk of both fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular outcomes that could not be explained by LVEF or origin of the heart failure, 46 thus suggesting that an alternative explanation should be sought for the observed differential survival. In addition to increasing the number of women in clinical trials and the number of female animals in pre-clinical studies, we must also continue to test for potential differences at the level of the chromosome as well as mrna and protein to help define potential mechanisms for differences in clinical trial outcome. Surprisingly little is known about the role of biology in sex and age related differences in cardiovascular disease. 47 Uncovering gene expression differences between men and women, and in response to age, will provide new steps towards understanding the interacting cause of disease, prevention of disease, and treatment of disease. 17
18 Microarray analyses have been utilized to identify new candidate genes potentially implicated in cardiovascular disease. 4,7 The results of these studies, including our own, suggest that many factors must be considered when examining gene expression in human tissue including different cell types within the tissue, social, diet, and other environmental factors, and the interaction of other on-going biological events in the body including but not limited to inflammation, and metabolic disease. Boheler et al identified differences in gene expression based on age and sex in failing and nonfailing hearts in However, these studies have all been limited in sample size. The analysis presented here represents the largest human cohort analyzed to date for sex and age-related differences in cardiac gene expression. However, in order to test or confirm these findings larger better curated databases will need to be developed. These types of analyses will likely be important moving forward as sex linked cardiovascular traits are mapped to loci. 33 A fair amount of heterogeneity existed in the clinical characteristics of the patients. In addition, other pertinent data including all cardiac medications, exact menopausal status of female subjects and use of hormone replacement therapy were not readily available for most subjects. The use of inotropes was similar in all groups, thus eliminating many of the known clinical confounders that could be associated with changes in gene expression. However, any of these factors may influence the gene expression profile. Furthermore, such heterogeneity along with a modest sample size (though relatively large for human microarray studies) does not allow for more discrete analysis by variables, such as investigating age as a continuous variable with respect to differential gene expression. In addition to the limitations, it should also be pointed out that an analysis of this scope does permit a robust examination of cell specific markers. For example, we identified unique leukocyte CD (cluster of differentiation) markers for both T and NK cells present in these hearts (CD3, 896, 160, 172g, and 247). 18
19 Conclusions In conclusion, we have found substantial evidence for sex and age dimorphisms of cardiac gene expression in nonischemic human heart failure by performing a comprehensive study in a large number of patients. A long term goal is to link chromosomal information with gene expression and intermediate phenotypic endpoints in the heart as well as within different cell types within the heart including cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. This will require further observational and clinical trials that will be able to clearly distinguish and identify phenotypes, as well as further cellular and molecular studies that will identify tissue- and disease-specific functions of the pathways involved. Acknowledgements: Funding Sources: These studies were supported by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AG17022 to K.B.M.and HL to T.P.C and S.H.) and philanthropic funds from the Lillehei family (JH). Disclosures: LWM is a consultant for Thoratec Corporation. JH is a consultant with Catholic Health Care West. F. P. received research grant support from Thoratec Corporation and Terumo Corporation. 19
20 REFERENCES 1. Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Beiser A, Levy D. Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1999;353: Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Kupka MJ, Ho KK, Murabito JM, Vasan RS. Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347: Isensee J, Witt H, Pregla R, Hetzer R, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Ruiz Noppinger P. Sexually dimorphic gene expression in the heart of mice and men. J Mol Med. 2008;86: Boheler KR, Volkova M, Morrell C, Garg R, Zhu Y, Margulies K, Seymour AM, Lakatta EG. Sex- and age-dependent human transcriptome variability: implications for chronic heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100: Cupples L, D Agostino R. Section 34: some risk factors related to the annual incidence of cardiovascular disease and death in pooled repeated biennial measurements. Kannel W, Wolf P, Garrison R.Series Section 34: some risk factors related to the annual incidence of cardiovascular disease and death in pooled repeated biennial measurements. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 1987: 6. Hall JL, Grindle S, Han X, Fermin D, Park S, Chen Y, Bache RJ, Mariash A, Guan Z, Ormaza S, Thompson J, Graziano J, de Sam Lazaro SE, Pan S, Simari RD, Miller LW. Genomic profiling of the human heart before and after mechanical support with a ventricular assist device reveals alterations in vascular signaling networks. Physiol Genomics. 2004;17:
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Each day from now until Christmas day one article will be devoted to a subject connected with Christmas. Today we take a look at Christmas crackers.
---Christmas crackers or bon-bons are an integral part of Christmas celebrations in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, other Commonwealth countries, Irelandand countries of the former Soviet Union (where it is called "хлопушка"). A cracker consists of a cardboard tube wrapped in a brightly decorated twist of paper, making it resemble an oversized sweet-wrapper. The cracker is pulled by two people, and, much in the manner of a wishbone, the cracker splits unevenly. The split is accompanied by a small bang produced by the effect of friction on a chemically impregnated card strip (similar to that used in a cap gun).
In one version of the tradition the person with the larger portion of cracker empties the contents from the tube and keeps them. In another each person will have their own cracker and will keep its contents regardless of whose end they were in. Typically these contents are a coloured paper hat or crown; a small toy or other trinket and a motto, a joke or piece of trivia on a small strip of paper. Crackers are often pulled before or after Christmas dinners or at parties.
Assembled crackers are typically sold in boxes of three to twelve. These typically have different designs usually with red, green and gold colours. Making crackers from scratch using the tubes from used toilet rolls and tissue paper is a common Commonwealth activity for children.
Crackers were invented by Thomas J. Smith of London in 1847. He created the crackers as a development of his bon-bon sweets, which he sold in a twist of paper (the origins of the traditional sweet-wrapper). As sales of bon-bons slumped, Smith began to come up with new promotional ideas. His first tactic was to insert mottos into the wrappers of the sweets. He was inspired to add the "crackle" element when he heard the crackle of a log he had just put on the fire. The size of the paper wrapper had to be increased to incorporate the banger mechanism, and the sweet itself was eventually dropped, to be replaced by a small gift. The new product was initially marketed as the Cosaque (i.e., Cossack), but the onomatopoeic "cracker" soon became the commonly used name, as rival varieties were introduced to the market. The other elements of the modern cracker, the gifts, paper hats and varied designs, were all introduced by Tom Smith's son, Walter Smith, to differentiate his product from the many copycat cracker manufacturers which had suddenly sprung up.


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Posted: Mon Nov 21 2011, 02:49 hrs
To address the academic and psychological problems faced by students of IIT Bombay, the focus of the institute's 1986 batch will be to establish a dedicated "counselling services programme". The initiative is part of the legacy project of the 1986 batch, titled "student quality of life improvement". The former students are getting together next month for their silver jubilee reunion.
"With increase in student suicide rates, there is an immediate need to address academic, emotional and psychological attributing factors faced by the students. Accordingly, there is a need to establish and enhance a professional counselling service programme at IIT Bombay," said Sandeep Pandya from the 1986 batch, who is also treasurer of the IIT Bombay Heritage Fund (IITBHF).
The programme, says a white paper on the project, will look at recruiting professional, high-quality medical/psychological counsellors and creating a collaborative programme to leverage expertise and assistance from top medical/psychological institutes in Mumbai. It will also focus on formalising and providing mentoring services through the alumni community to help with career counseling and industry mentoring.
The batch aims to raise Rs 2.25 crore for their legacy project, where 50 per cent of the contributions are expected to come alumni in India and the rest from those abroad. "The 1986 batch legacy is to strengthen existing and create new programmes related to students and is the first batch to adopt this approach," says the white paper.
Part of the project will look at strengthening the existing "financial aid programme (FAP)" for needy students of IIT Bombay. "The FAP has been successful over the past five years since its founding. The programme has issued 870 loans to over 480 students, disbursing Rs 1.7 crore. There's an immediate need to fund this project as intake of needy students is increasing. In addition, there is a government proposal on the table to potentially increase IIT tuition fees in the coming years, further posing financial challenge to students," said Nilesh Vani from the 1986 batch.
Accordingly, the former students will continue to support the project and create a growing endowment. "We are very happy that the 1986 batch has decided to support the financial aid programme which had been initiated by the 1981 batch and aims to make IIT education financially available to everyone. This will help the programme grow into a huge, sustainable project in years to come," said Bakul Desai, member of the board of directors, IIT Bombay Alumni Association (IITBAA).


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Established in the year 1915, Lallooji Dera Wale is a sole proprietorship organization engaged in offering world class services related to Tent Hiring, Flower Decoration, Light Decoration, Marriage Decoration, Waterproof ...
Lallooji DeraWale
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text:
URGENT: Syrian Forces, Allies Launch Quayratayn Liberating Operation in Homs
Military sources announced on Saturday that the Syrian Army, the National Defense Forces (NDF) and Hezbollah fighters, backed up by the Russian air force, launched a large-scale operation to capture the strategic town of Quayratayn form the ISIL in Homs province.
The sources said that the pro-government forces have thus far been vary fast in pushing back the ISIL terrorists from their positions near the villages of Muntar Armilah and Thaniyah, which are located just a few kilometers from Quayratayn.
The Syrian forces are now in full control of the abovementioned villages.
The ISIL has sustained heavy death toll in the army's operation.
On Monday, the Syrian army and the NDF fighters, backed up by the Russian air force, pushed back ISIL's fresh troops from Maheen in the Eastern part of Homs and completed their control over the strategic town.
The ISIL suffered heavy death toll in the Syrian forces' operation, and left behind many dead members and fled the battlefront.
According to the battlefield sources, the Syrian army and its allies are to advance toward Quayratayn town.


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Today, I had my baseline sonogram for a Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET). This whole cycle just seems alot less. Less appointments, less shots, less blood draws, less stress and less money.
Honestly, it feels weird not driving in three times a week for blood draws and sonograms. Not that I am complaining. Is it amazing to believe that I don't have to go back for 2 whole weeks?!?! When I go back, we are checking the progress of the thickness of the lining. If it looks good, then we will do the schedule 6 days later.
So for now, it's estrogen patches and pills for two weeks. I go back on July 7th for a progress check!


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Greatham, County Durham
Coordinates: 54°38′28″N 1°14′17″W / 54.641°N 1.238°W Greatham /ˈɡriːtəm/ is a village and civil parish in the borough of Hartlepool and the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. The population of the civil parish (including Newton Bewley) was taken in the 2011 census was 2,132.[1] Greatham village is located approximately three miles south of Hartlepool town centre.
Greatham village is not mentioned in the Domesday Book, but appears first in written sources as Gretham in 1196.[2]
Greatham is the site of the Hospital of God, founded in 1273 by the then Bishop of Durham, Robert de Stichell.[3] Greatham Hospital was originally a foundation to aid poor people. By the 16th century the foundation was used more as a "house of entertainment for gentlemen" and it was not well used for helping the poor. After 1610 there were reforms, and its original mission was resumed.
- See also
At present the village has around a thousand occupants, separated into varying areas, The Grove, The Drive, The Green, Hill View & Saltaire Terrace, Front Street and Ashfield Close, with some village residents living in the houses located at the extremes of the village parish.
There is a long history of salt works nearby, but this declined in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the middle of the 20th century, Cerebos salt works had a factory there, which was later taken over by Sharwood's. The factory has now closed but is being leased out as office units.
Greatham had a railway station positioned near the old Cerebos factory, away from the majority of the village. It survived the Beeching cuts but was later downgraded to a halt before eventually closing on 24 November 1991[4] due to lack of use. The station was part of the Durham Coast Line.
Greatham is a separate village from Hartlepool, with three pubs and a village green. Other amenities include:
- Post office
- General store
- Butchers
- TV repair shop
- Taxidermist
Greatham also has a small Church of England primary school. The school is open to children of all faiths. It is well equipped, with four classrooms, a large multi-purpose school hall with gym equipment, a kitchen and a dedicated nursery area. The school grounds include a nature garden, which is looked after by the pupils, a formal garden and a large playing field.
The Church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, was erected over the foundations of an early Saxon building, by Bishop Stichell of Durham, in 1270. It was rebuilt in 1792, a clerestory added by the Rev. H. B. Tristram in 1869, and a new vestry and organ, at a cost of £650, by the present vicar in 1881. It consists of nave, aisles, chancel, and a square western tower of modest dimensions. The exterior of the church is neat and attractive; the recent additions, especially the clerestory, which is lighted by elegant quatrefoils, have been well carried out, and add much to the general appearance of the structure.'
[From History, Topography and Directory of Durham, Whellan, London, 1894]
A good bus service is operated by Stagecoach. The number 36 comes every 15 minutes, heading towards Middlesbrough via Stockton, Billingham and Norton and to Hartlepool via the Fens. There was also the 527 Service,operated by Arriva, which came every 60 minutes, and headed into Hartlepool, and terminated at Maritime Avenue on the Marina but in 2011 this bus service was axed due to the withdrawal of financial support from Hartlepool Borough Council. A petition has been signed by residents to encourage this decision to be re-evaluated but has not had the service reinstated.[5]
There was once an operating railway station at the bottom of the village, but this is now disused and derelict however the Middlesbrough to Carlisle trains still pass through the village.
- ^ "Hartlepool ward population 2011". Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ Ekwall, Eilert, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 4th edition, 1960. p. 204. ISBN 0198691033.
- ^ "The Hospital of God at Greatham". Retrieved 2010-01-11.
- ^ "List of dates from 1 January 1985 to 20 January 2006 of last passenger trains at closed BR (or Network Rail stations since privatisation)" (PDF). Department for Transport Website: Freedom of Information Act responses, February 2006. Department for Transport. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ^ Mail, Hartlepool. "527 Bus Petition". Retrieved 2011-05-15.
External links[edit]
Media related to Greatham, County Durham at Wikimedia Commons


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Start writing about something that interests you about your life. Challenge yourself to recall your most memorial experience with a parent or grandparent. What made it special? Perhaps it was a simple picnic in the mountains or the first time you went fishing. Events that were special because of the relationships you had with those involved. Writing down these early memories will stir up other remembrances from the past. Old photos or scrapbooks can be good memory joggers or old letters or postcards. Best of all is talking face to face with parents or grandparents if they are still around and asking questions. Soon you will be sharing your family's past.
Christine Provstgaard of St. George tells us how finding some old family letters led her to discoveries about her grandparents. In my brother's attic, a box was found containing old letters our mother had saved. These were letters from my grandfather to my grandmother written in 1931. When my grandfather was away on business trips he would travel by train and wrote letters home every day. On March 23, 1931 he was on the Portland Rose going to Seattle, Washington for a banking convention. The train was called "a triumph in train comfort." A small pamphlet reveals some of the train's amenities: Observation-Club Car: barber, valet, maid service, writing desks, periodicals, newspapers, radio, market reports, lounges and sun rooms, hair cuts for men, bobs for women 50¢, shave 25¢, hair singe 25¢, and facial massage $1.00. Baths, manicures and hair dressing were arranged by maid service. Valet from 6:30 a.m. to midnight provided a clothes-pressing service.
My mother was from the second family. Grandpa's first wife had died in childbirth, leaving him with four children. He was 50 when he met my grandmother who was 39 and considered a "spinster" in those days. He loved and adored my grandmother and his children. They had my mother, Aunt Junece and they adopted a cousin's child- June. When I was 10 my grandfather was 90 yrs old. Grandmother had passed away from Parkinson's disease.Finding these letters is a wonderful gift to me from my mother. I feel joy that I can read them as an adult and feel her close to me. It gives me an opportunity to know who my grandparents were, what they thought about, what was important to them and how they struggled with the challenges they faced. NEXT TIME: Family As Priority.


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01614083030 Result for this telephone number
Summary concerning 01614083030
The call should not be answered in any case!
Caller type0x Unknown
0x Marketing call
0x Harassment calls
0x Insurance Company
0x Competition or lottery
0x Survey
0x Collection agency
1x Other
0x Cost trap
1x Deceit
- 0x Serious
- 0x OK
- 0x Neutral
- 0x KO
- 2x Terror
Score: 1 (1-5)
|Telephone number
|Dialling code
|0044 1614083030
+44 1614083030
|Caller type
What to do?
- 1
Rate telephone number. You have been contacted by this telephone number? Then write about your experiences with this number here and leave a rating.Write a rating now
- 2
Warn your friends. Warn your friends against this telephone number. Use Facebook, Twitter, Google+ in order to warn.
Ratings concerning 01614083030
01614083030 - Deceit reports Wonder Woman
04.07.2017 Wonder Woman reports this number as: Terror
This was someone calling to discuss my recent car accident. I have had no accidents but kept them on the line as I was asking for details and could they narrow it down as I have lots of minor accidents. This got me put through to a senior adviser and then hung up on. Cold calling scam.
Recommendation: The call should not be answered in any case!
Possible holder of the number:
01614083030 - Other reports jamal
21.06.2017 jamal reports this number as: Terror
Does anyone know where this number belongs to?
Recommendation: The call should not be answered in any case!
Possible holder of the number:
Call center
Call ID Spoofing
Call center
The Bad Working Conditions Of Call Agents
Elderly People And Swindlers
Online Sellers


text:
National Science Foundation, Office of Budget, Finance and Award Management, Headquarters
(see all US Federal Agencies)
Nov 2, 2004First Tuesday in November, annually
Supports research on algebraic topology, including homotopy theory, ordinary and extraordinary homology and cohomology, cobordism theory, and K-theory; topological manifolds and cell complexes, fiberings, knots, and links; differential topology and actions of groups of transformations; geometric group theory; and general topology and continua theory.
Mathematical and Physical Sciences
This program does not have a full announcement. More information about the program is available here.
If you have problems accessing the full announcement, please contact:
Webmaster, NSF
National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington VA 22230