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Sometimes I post stuff on this here blog so I know where to find it later. These things have been sitting in my inbox and I've been meaning to share individually, but I want to get that inbox clean. Today is a threefer!
1. 6 Rules to Reach Your Potential Every Day.
2. I love this Library from Keenan Cummings. I'm going to make my own version of a library / resources. Also inspired by Chelsea Fullerton's cheat sheet.
3. A few weeks ago, Gizmodo published these Gmail hacks. Worth a look.
*Marc Johns is still the man.
t: @beckycmurphy | i: @beckz_


text: The hopes of Frenchwoman Nelly Viennot to become the first female World Cup official ended yesterday when she failed a sprint test. The 44-year-old was among 80 candidates tested on physical fitness and knowledge of rules at a four-day Fifa workshop for assistant referees. Eight of the referees failed. The governing body will select 60 officials for linesman duties for the World Cup in Germany. It has already announced the names of the 23 referees who will officiate at this summer's tournament.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mojo Barriers UK has promoted Kevin Thorborn to director.
Thorborn has been the Netherlands-headquartered company's UK manager for the past 17 years, managing the provision of stage and crowd safety barriers to more than 1,000 festivals.
His experience spans venues from student unions to the The O2, supplying concerts and European tours, which this year have included Bruno Mars, film premieres, award shows such as the Brit Awards and major public and sporting events.
"We are delighted at Kevin's progression since joining Mojo, particularly over the past two years when he has delivered consistently impressive results and expanded the UK business," said Mojo Barriers CEO Alex Borger. "I am sure this promotion to UK director is the beginning of a very exciting future as we look to expand our offering to the UK market with Kevin at the helm.
"Kevin has developed an extensive network of clients and he is clearly delivering the high levels of service we aspire to, as shown by the amount of events contracting Mojo Barriers on a regular basis."


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Photographer Khadija Saye has been confirmed as one of the 30 confirmed victims of the tragic Grenfell tower block fire that shook London, and the world, earlier this week. On the June 14th, 2017, a tower block in West London caught fire in the early hours of the morning. The ...Read More »
Daily Archives: June 17, 2017
Sony a9 Sensor One of the Best Ever Tested, DxOMark Finds
The Sony a9 mirrorless camera has been turning heads ever since it was first announced in April, and it will continue to do so with DxOmark's latest findings. In its new review of the camera's sensor quality, DxOmark says that the Sony a9's sensor is "one of the best we've tested ...Read More »
This Photographer Shot His Own Wedding Photo in 11 Countries
After Malaysian photographer Keow Wee Loong and his fiancée Marta got married recently, they embarked on an epic adventure: Keow decided to shoot his own wedding photo in 11 countries around the world. Countries the couple visited over the 3 month journey include Norway, Indonesia, Japan, Italy, England, Austria, Germany, ...Read More »
Samsung's New TV is Designed to Look Like a Framed Photo
How about a television that disappears when you're not using it? Well, now it's here. Samsung has just announced something truly beautiful: The Frame. This new television does so much more than provide an evening's entertainment. Designed in a collaboration with renowned designer Yves Behar, this television camouflages itself into any home ...Read More »
What Makes a Photographer?
In an age where everyone has a camera in their pocket and fashion magazine covers are being shot with iPhones, what makes a photographer? Erik Wahlstrom muses on what he calls 'the democratization of photography' in this 5-minute video. Wahlstrom creates weekly videos for his YouTube channel, and in his ...Read More »


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Image by Celestine Chua on FlickrCopyright: Creative Commons License
Can you imagine an America and world free from the influences of money? Where everyone would have access to education and healthcare without the burden to pay for it. Where everyone would be free to fully pursue his or her passion in a world at peace, free, and where inequality wouldn't exist. An America and world where there is real technical and social progress without profit limitations placed on innovative research and development.
Of course, capitalist will voraciously and unrelenting attack any attempts to weaken the free enterprise system. Most people would say such a concept would be impossible to achieve.
Many would describe such an idea as Marxist, socialist, or communist. But these are money-based economic theories. Therefore, such descriptions do not apply to a moneyless economy.
A moneyless world is egalitarian utopian and a viably aspiring idea. Viable ideas produce theories, and can lead the way to reality. Much work has been done to make a moneyless world a reality, especially Jacques Fresco's The Venus Project. Fresco has been promoting and working on what he calls a resource-based economy since at least 1971.
You see, What The Venus Project claims are true. The free enterprise system has failed us. It has produced "war, poverty, hunger, debt, environmental degradation, and unnecessary human suffering. All of the world's economic systems - socialism, communism, fascism, and even the vaunted free enterprise system - perpetuate social stratification, elitism, nationalism, and racism, primarily based on economic disparity. As long as a social system uses money or barter, people and nations will seek to maintain the economic competitive edge or, if they cannot do so by means of commerce, they will by military intervention."
But, on the other hand, if we embrace and promote the concept of a moneyless world based on global resource-based economic systems, we can lead America and the world out of the mess it's gotten itself into.
Copyright © 2015 Horatio Green


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Little Else
Julie Hunt
Publisher: Allen & Unwin
Format: Paperback
Little Else is a trick rider and a horse whisperer, and sometime bushranger. When she joins Ma Calico's Bush Circus, she becomes La Petite Elsie and does leaps and lofty tumbles with Joe, The Flying Giuseppe, and the crowds love them. But mean Ma Calico won't pay them a penny. The circus horses are sick of hauling Ma around the country, and the other performers want Little Else to stand up to her. So Little Else decides to track down the wild bushranger Harry Blast. Would he be a match for Ma?
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"W-why are you here?"
"Shouldn't I ask you the same thing?"
"You s-seem like a-a...."
"A monster..... I know."
Verification that artimisstodd posted this and not someone else: (LL)
- bts
- jeongguk
- taehyung
- taekook
- vkook
nyhlakitty21 Jan 30, 2017
And also people say that if a vampire enjoys a humans blood too much and the human mewls in pain, it means that both parties are feeling hot and heavy. I have my facts straight and I do research on it when I can.
nyhlakitty21 Jan 29, 2017
My friends in this group chat called "Pandicorns", they wanna take me to see The Rings when it comes out in theaters WHEN THEY KNOW I HATE SCARY MOVIES!!
TaestyDicks Feb 03, 2017
He wanted my blood, My body started to sweat when he got closer to me, without even realising my tears flow from my eyes cuz im too scared of what gonna happen Get it?
nyhlakitty21 Jan 30, 2017
That pic...... I'M SENDING IT TO A FRIEND!!!!!!!!!! And showing this on here, also saying the story, no worries!
YonikaSmith Dec 02, 2016
Wolfhuntress05 Feb 03, 2017
Does he have fangs? Tell me Anyone else see fangs? Or Is that just me


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Wednesday, January 21, 2009
uh! HFCS the evil guy!
Everyday most of us try to live as healthy as possible by watching our calorie intake, eating several servings of veggies throughout the day cutting out fat, or carbohydrates, etc. What most of us don't even realize is that this highly dangerous and fattening ingredient is present in MOST food we eat now a days. This includes white bread, "natural juices" , even the so acclaimed hearty whole wheat or whole grain and multi grain breads, specially sodas and pretty much the majority of food we consume is loaded with this unhealthy component that our bodies don't even know how to process called High Fructose Corn Syrup. This ingredient is highly dangerous because first and for most is synthetic sugar and second, it is absorbed more quickly than sugar. It enters your bloodstream in a different way than glucose does. Without any help from insulin. It is also known to raise your cholesterol levels and slow your metabolism which in turn means weight gain. So next time you are thinking about popping a soda or buying some supposedly healthy food, think about it more than a couple times and always read the labels....
Posted by Lina Koutaich at 12:01 AM
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Bursting out of the metal underground with a third-world fury not seen since the mighty Sepultura unleashed their seminal 'Beneath 'The Remains',KRATORNAS are set to make a devastating onslaught on the world of metal.
If any band has ever earned its chance it is KRATORNAS, the brainchild of a certain Zachariah. He began KRATORNAS in the early 90's despite dealing with problems many Western bands never encounter like crime, corruption, poverty, lack of equipment, or even an outlet to buy records! Truly we can see why KRATORNAS are inspired by real-life horrors. Zachariah's love of metal was born from tape-trading. To put Zachariah's glacial patience in perspective, after many primitive demos, KRATORNAS' debut album was finally released in 2007! In 2011, Zachariah left the Philippines to seek a place more friendly to his art, finally settling in Canada.
KRATORNAS' new album, 'Devoured By Damnation' is the first that was properly recorded. The music is inspired by 'Bathory, Deicide, Sadus, Terrorizer and Vader' and will 'treat listeners like punching bags!', it's sound being 'raw, primitive, deranged, high octane, fast, a combination of grindcore, raw black metal, death metal punch and thrash metal riffs.
Before the album is unleashed on December 8th via Grathila Records, KRATORNAS have posted an album preview streaming at the following link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpNMKUSObvQ
Plus you can hear their first single 'Dead Burning Christ' streaming at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZMalwP_TlQ
The album will be available for purchase on CD and digitally on Bandcamp, iTunes, Amazon, Googleplay and all major online retailers.
1. Spit On God (4:44)
2. Dead Burning Christ (3:10)
3. Archangels of Destruction (2:25)
4. Deluge - After Massacre (2:37)
5. Blood of The Devil (3:14)
6. Evil Is Reborn (5:51)
7. Devoured By Damnation (4:49)
8. Cadavers of Gods (2:41)
9. Huios Diabolus (2:30)
10. World Within Demons (3:49)
Album Length: 35:54


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Grand Central Terminal (file / credit: Evan Bindelglass / CBSNewYork)Grand Central Terminal (file / credit: Evan Bindelglass / CBSNewYork)
NEW YORK (CBSNewYork) – It will be a very special day on Friday for a landmark Midtown building, as it celebrates its 100th birthday.
Grand Central Terminal is a cathedral to rail transportation. Its constellation-laden ceiling soars 125 feet above your head. The main concourse is 275 feet long and 125 feet wide.
"It's very rich, I mean the colors, the play of light on the floor, the beautiful blue ceiling. Everything is golden and gleaming and polished marble," the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Marjorie Anders told WCBS 880 reporter Rich Lamb.


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If you'd just gotten a government bailout, you might be tempted to hold a retreat at a nice California hotel -- and that's exactly what American International Group (AIG) executives did.
The committee on Oversight and Government Reform held a hearing on Tuesday at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time. to address and examine downfall of AIG, the world's largest insurance company. The committee planned to discuss the financial excesses and regulatory mistakes that led to AIG's government bailout.
One of the items discussed was AIG's expenditure of $440,000 for a corporate retreat at the St. Regis Monarch Beach resort in Los Angeles, Calif. These funds were spent on Sept. 22, a week after the Federal Reserve extended an $85 billion emergency loan to AIG to keep it from going bankrupt due to insurance liabilities.
According to the receipt from the St. Regis, the eight-day company retreat was a lavish one -- $139,000 was spent on hotel rooms, while even more money -- $147,301 -- was spent on banquets. Another $23,380 was spent on undisclosed spa treatments and another $6,939 was spent on golf. A full $9,980 was spent on room service and food and cocktails at the hotel lounge.
The St. Regis Monarch Beach resort is described on its Web site as "a landmark resort of legendary proportions."
Legendary, indeed.
Hello, President Bush... DO SOMETHING. For once in your presidency, DO SOMETHING!
To my regular readers, I swear in a few weeks I'll get back to the regular light hearted posts. I have just become obsessed with what a mess this country is right now.


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Ask Diana Farrell and Susan Lund in this McKinsey quarterly report dissecting the motives of sovereign wealth funds -
"How will state investors behave as public shareholders or owners of companies in foreign markets? Will they seek to maximize value creation and long-term growth, or will their investments reflect the political objectives of their governments and the interests of businesses in their home countries? Financial markets require the free flow of information to function efficiently. The presence of huge, opaque players with non-economic motives could distort the pricing signals that other investors need...
…..Can higher oil prices really be good for the world economy? As we have seen, petrodollars are creating inflationary pressures in markets for illiquid investments, such as real estate, art and companies. If the pressures move beyond those markets, the potential asset price bubbles could burst. So far the world economy has accommodated higher oil prices without a notable rise in inflation or an economic slowdown, but this may change in the future."
I see an indirect oil price hedging opportunity here for net importers. Create a vibrant, deep local financial market across asset classes, rich with intermediaries that optimally deploy the huge surpluses of SWF. Whatever they lose by incremental oil bill can be hedged by tax revenues from incremental fee income generated by local SWF managers. Oil importing nations after all, can't keep paying fat import bills forever by printing currencies :)
Now I'm getting ideas. My daughter's been an avid painter ever since her junior school. I've archived some of those amateur works of art that look a lot better than a few of those auctioned for over a million $$ and probably bought by (who else?) SWF managers. Thinking of auctioning a few of them to help meet my fuel bills for the rest of my lifetime ;-)


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May in a nutshell.
Some month slip by so fast that you are barely aware they have started. May has been a bit like that. Christopher has had a week of band 'camp', which entailed hauling multiple kids and instruments around the ridges. He had final rehearsals and a choir concert (pictured below). Can you spot the tiny kid who's been gradually moving towards the front of the stage over the past three years?He's not too hard to find, he is far left, sitting right by the stairs. We didn't get the best seats, as I was slack ordering the tickets. But at least we got seats. They had televisions in the foyer for parents who missed out on tickets. Every year this happens at the first concert.
Samara turned 8 yesterday. We held a party for her on Sunday. It was supposed to be small (we only gave out 5 invites, and 2 girls couldn't come), but when my best friend and I get together we have 7 children between us. Add to that the invitees, their parents, and G & P, and you have a whole lot of people in our tiny back yard. Everyone had fun. The girls made peg dolls as a take home thingy (I am not a big fan of the bags of plastic stuff and lollies).
Four dozen cup cakes were created, enough for both the party and to take to school on Monday. I have eaten way too much buttercream frosting.
The birthday cake was a very simple affair. Store bought double unfilled sponge cake, smothered in buttercream and decorated with flowers of marshmallows.
Now I am all worn out. Wake me up in July, please.


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PSA: The following features spoilers for Life is Strange and Season One of Telltale's The Walking Dead.
DONTNOD entertainment announced today that they've been working on a sequel to Life is Strange, in a YouTube video rich with beautiful French accents and unspoken sexual tension.
No other details have been confirmed, so only a giant, entitled manchild who overthinks every little thing about Life is Strange could possibly have any demands to make at this stage.
Leave Max and Chloe behind, you beautiful French bastards.
The strengths of the original season of Life is Strange centre around the relationship between Max and Chloe. Whilst ostensibly a sci-fi mystery, the game's highest points came from the quieter moments between the two. It was feeling of spending time with Max and Chloe that kept fans coming back for each episode, far more than the underlying mystery of Rachel Amber.
Given the sometimes unsettling fondness fans have for "Pricefield", leaving this chemistry behind may seem like a gamble – But it's essential for a second season to succeed on its own merits.
#1 – The Multiple Endings.
Continuing Max and Chloe's story has some logistical concerns. Of the two endings available in the first season's final episode, Chloe is either dead, or Max and Chloe are murderous, bloodthirsty psychopaths.
The choice to spare Chloe by sacrificing Arcadia Bay (and everyone in it) was baffling at the time – As players watched the two romantically drive past the rotting corpses of their friends and family, presumably to have crazy hotel sex in the next town. Now, with the prospect of a sequel, DONTNOD have written themselves into a corner here. Do they choose a "canon" ending, and let the other fall into non-canonical oblivion? There's certainly a story to be told with Max learning to come to terms with the death of Chloe, perhaps time travelling to visit her in the past as she struggles to let go – but what of the animals who chose to murder her parents? DONTNOD wrote an ending chosen entirely by amoral psychopaths, and now risk angering the horde by taking away the deaths of their victims. Look at that video. Look at those beautiful boys. Can you bear to put them in such danger?
#2 – Repeating the mistakes of the past.
Life is Strange could encounter the same problems Telltale's The Walking Dead did in its second and third seasons. Due to its choice-based, episodic format, Life is Strange attracted immediate comparisons to Telltale's work – and it risks making the same mistakes. Telltale's first season the The Walking Dead was hugely popular for the same reason Life is Strange proved successful: The relationship between its two leads, Lee and Clementine.
The final episode's emotional farewell proved to be the perfect finale – Much to the detriment of the following seasons. The death of the player-insert character Lee, leaving Clementine alone in an uncertain world perfectly fit thematically with the game at large. For five episodes, the player has been teaching Clementine the tools she needs to survive in the world, post-zombie apocalypse. At its finale, the player leaves Clementine just as Lee does: Hoping it was enough. Until season two, when we see that she's totally fine, anyway. Despite being a solid experience with a great new cast, the game's second season never proved as popular as the original, and the third season has attracted even less attention. For many players, saying goodbye to Clementine the first time was enough.
Life is Strange fans may feel the same. One way or another, we've said goodbye to Max and Chloe. Either we've seen Chloe accept her death, or we've imagined the pair making love over the corpses of their loved ones. Either way, revisiting them is going to feel awkward.
#3 – An opportunity to get me to shut the fuck up.
This is DONTNOD's opportunity to prove that season one wasn't lightning in a bottle. Life is Strange is by far their most successful title, after their previous game Remember Me released to mixed reviews. Upcoming title Vampyr seems promising, though a return to a combat-centred game is something of a step away from the peaceful life of Arcadia Bay. Despite this, I've explained before that I feel that perhaps many of the first season's successes were a happy accident.
In introducing a new cast, DONTNOD have the opportunity to prove they have the narrative chops to compete with Telltale – with the added bonus of making me look like a tool. Which I've been told is very satisfying.
With a second season DONTNOD could become the American Horror Story of video games. By keeping an alternative, young adult aesthetic mixed with sci-fi themes – but recycling the cast each time*, Life is Strange could become a series that outlives the duo who birthed it.
(*Note, I will however accept a full episode that features nothing but kicking fuckboy Redditor Warren in the dick while he whimpers the word "Friendzone". That is all).


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Date: October 20, 2014 10:58 PM
Topic: +DEV+ The Bridegroom Woos Us
The Bridegroom Woos Us
"For the Son of Man came to seek and to save what was lost." (Luke 19:10)
Scripture Focus: Romans 8:33-39
A recent film tells of a young man whose wife of five years loses all memory of her husband as a result of a tragic car accident. The husband's sorrow and frustration turn to determination: If he won her hand once, he can do it again! It's a beautiful picture of how God is just such a patient Husband and lover to us.
He not only wooed us the first time, but goes on wooing us, "with all His heart and soul," in spite of our constant memory loss. He faithfully pursues His people through the halls of history. He sent His Son to a faraway land to search us out and bring us home. He captures the heart of each individual, winning one in the midst of chemotherapy treatment, and another in a moment of quiet fascination with the beauty of a flower. He never gives up, never runs out of patience, and knows each one who is His. His search cost Him a life of suffering, mockery and humble service, and ultimately His life. If He's pursuing you even now, stop running. Turn around and look into your Lover's face.
Insight: Nothing on this earth or anywhere else can separate us from God's unstoppable love.
Please feel free to use this devotional to send on to your friends or share with your church fellowship and Bible study groups.
We are in urgent need of Prayer and financial partners,
If you would like to become a prayer partner and or a financial partner with monthly or one time gifts.
A freewill offering to Restoration Ministry may be made via PayPal at our web site: http://www.rollanet.org/~restore/donations.htm


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This is about the Life and Times of a Reluctant Navy Wife, Christian and WAHM. Join us as we start our adoption journey to bring home a little girl from Africa
Monday, August 20, 2007
Its not like we moved too terribly far, just within our complex, I really wanted a bottom floor entrance since hubby will be deployed in October for 6 months. And I just couldn't seem to get on board with hauling 3 kids and groceries and everything else up and down stairs for that long. Albeit, it would be the workout of a lifetime, I prefer to use my "On Demand" to get into shape! So we moved. With a 2 week old. Call me crazy! I have.
My dining room is stacked with boxes, none of which are labeled. Like I said, we live on the edge here. My kitchen is mostly organized, but I lost some cupboard space and my pantry. And until we re-install our child locks, there are some things we can't put away yet. But my living room, and the upstairs is mostly done. So I think that deserves a round of applause! Go US!
We took a break from our usual grocery shopping regime since we were busy packing and what not and I didn't want to haul more stuff than we had to over to our new place. So yesterday, for the first time in about 3-4 weeks, I made a very LONG list, went through my coupons and made a MENU PLAN!! Thats right, I planned a menu for this week. Now sure how well we will stick to it, in fact last nights dinner went right out the window because it took entirely too long to grocery shop. Even though I went by myself. Apparently Publix and Winn Dixie don't staff their stores with more than 3 employees on a Sunday.
So here is my TENTATIVE Menu Plan for the week!
Monday: Strawberry Stuffed French Toast
Tuesday: Sandwiches (Damon has duty)
Wednesday: Chicken Tacos with fresh avocado
Thursday: Crockpot Pot Roast, Baby Carrots, Red Potatoes and Salad
Friday: Leftovers
Saturday: Spaghetti and Garlic Bread (homemade)
Whats for dinner at your house??
8 comments:
- Stacy at Exceedingly Mundane said...
Goodness gracious, I can't imagine moving with a 2 week old baby! I'm so glad you got moved though and hope you guys get settled in. I know you want to enjoy every minute before the hubby is deployed.
Sounds like a great menu! It's funny about going grocery shopping and not getting to that night's menu. I often go and then we end up eating out that night too, I thought I was the only one that happened to! I always have this huge amount of guilt, gee, I just spent all that money on food and now we're spending more on eating out :)
Your menu sounds great! Yum, fresh avocadoes, I love them! Roast sounds good too, and I have spaghetti on my menu, but we may end up eating out that night. Spaghetti is one of my favorite "go-to" meals b/c I always have everything here. :)
Have a great week and enjoy settling in!!!
- August 20, 2007 at 10:17:00 AM GMT-5
- G.P. said...
congrats on your tenacity! :) and your menu...
Phil 4:13
GP in Montana
- August 20, 2007 at 10:52:00 AM GMT-5
- TracyMichele said...
Fresh avocados!? YUM! My dad lives in fla and just sent us a batch of his own avocados and mangos. YUM!!!
Sounds like a great menu.
- August 20, 2007 at 12:46:00 PM GMT-5
Applause from over here! I'm just now sitting down to figure out my menu and deciding whether I'm brave enough to go out with all three of the kids to do the shopping...
I think I'll join you in calling myself crazy!
- August 20, 2007 at 12:47:00 PM GMT-5
- Barb, sfo said...
Wow! You're moving with such a littlie? All the best to you, and may you have many happy and healthy years in the new place.
Thanks for sharing your menu this week.
Barb's Fridge
SFO Mom
- August 20, 2007 at 1:06:00 PM GMT-5
- alisonwonderland said...
clap, clap, clap! it's amazing what we sometimes do with those little ones in tow. (but i know i couldn't do it again!)
don't worry about those boxes. they'll still be there - but that sweet little girl will grow up faster than you can imagine. just take the unpacking and the menu planning and all that a little at a time.
you've picked some yummy foods for this week. enjoy!
- August 20, 2007 at 2:15:00 PM GMT-5
- Lois E. Lane said...
I will take your advice to heart :)
- August 21, 2007 at 5:48:00 PM GMT-5
- pinks & blues girls said...
Oh wow, you definitely know how to keep things busy!! I think we're all a little crazy sometimes, so from one crazy to another... try to stay sane during this hectic time!! You're doing a great job!
Jane, P&B Girls
- August 22, 2007 at 5:00:00 PM GMT-5


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Skip to comments.Leaked Email by Soros-Funded Lefty Group Faith in Public Life Reveals Tactics
Posted on 06/21/2012 10:10:15 AM PDT by mgist
Leaked Email by Soros-Funded Lefty Group Faith in Public Life Reveals Their Divisive Anti-Bishop Tactics by Thomas Peters
Bill Donohue intercepted a copy of an email sent by John Gehring of Faith in Public Life (FPL) revealing that the George Soros-funded (to the tune of at least $450k) outfit is trying to coach journalists on how to attack the U.S. bishops efforts to stand up for religious freedom during this Fortnight.
The Blaze reports here.
CNA has posted some good excerpts of the email:
Are you willing to sacrifice Catholic charities, colleges and hospitals if you dont get your way on the contraceptive mandate? reads one proposed question for a bishop.
Are you willing to drop all health insurance for your employees? reads another.
Its fascinating how willing Gehring is to use Catholic charities, colleges and hospitals, let alone health insurance for their employees, as a pawn in his political gambit.
Come to think of it, I cant think of a more ironic name for this group than Faith in Public Life, because the one thing that is evident from his leaked email is how much Gehring and FPL want to eliminate the role of faith in public life!
Or, to be more precise, they want to eliminate the role of faith in public life when it disagrees with their lefty views. They are happy to promote the LCWR nuns political bus tour, for instance, but in the same breath they are fierce critics of the U.S. bishops for organizing the Fortnight.
Gehring isnt responding to media requests about this leak, which is probably a pretty good sign that he hasnt figured out a way to spin it (yet). I think the other point to underscore here is how lefty Catholics operate: by cozy-ing up to media who they know they can convince to carry their water.
Gehring pitched the media on these left-wing Catholic pundits a good confirmation that these individuals are all in the tank for FPL-style propaganda:
Faith in Public Lifes recommended sources for interviews, as listed in Gehrings e-mail, are John Gehring, Duquesne University law professor Nicholas Cafardi, Fordham University theology department chair Terrence W. Tilley, Boston College theology professor Lisa Sowle Cahill, Note Dame Law School professor M. Cathleen Kaveny, Fairfield ".....(snip)
As I wrote yesterday, lay Catholics are going to have to be actively involved in countering the media spin on the Fortnight. Knowing what playing book the other side (such as FPL) is using will be helpful during this task. You can read the Gehring email here.
I've always wondered how it works. There has to he an additional exchange of money going on somewhere.
The questions posed are pretty to answer: "We don't have a choice - we must obey God before man.
Agreed! But that is spun into "Bishops claim God doean't want to help people".
I am sooo sick of that bastard Soros destroying everything good about this country. When the hell is the SOB going to assume room temperature?
Bwuahhaahaha. I feel your pain my friend.
Our earth is blessed and is being saved continuously from all kinds of hazards all the time that we are not even aware of. As our technologies progress we will realize how external forces saved us.
They will reveal themselves in such a way that none of us will be scared. They will reveal themselves only if they have to. As our science and technology progresses, we are destined to see them and interact with them any way.
Yes, God is real, and he will not be mocked.
Catholic Charities is two words, both equally important. Too many of the clergy have been sucked into the allure of materialism in agreeing on government programs. There is nothing holy about a faceless organization feeding people- they may as well feed stray cats. The holiness comes in the bond between doner, donee, and God. Without that, the doner is ungratious and gets a sense of entitlement, the donee is resentful and pushes off his obligations to government, rationalizing that he pays too much in taxes already, and goverment replaces God in direct violation of the first commandment.
Can't worry about that. Jesus told us that as Christians we would be persecuted and scorned by the unGodly. Wear their lies like a badge of honor.
Gehring = New spelling of Goehring, perhaps?
We know George Soros' previous affiliations, right?
It won't be long before every penny he owns will be worthless. He'll be left poor, naked, and blind.
Sure, he'll be able to hide out in a bunker somewhere for awhile, but he'll have to come out someday. On that day, he'll try to sell his old, dried up food or handfuls of gold, but we'll have moved on and rebuilt a new world without him. We'll have no need for what he has to offer.
He will be responsible for the impoverished and unlearned position he'll be in. He'll be forced to live with it for the rest of his days - which will probably be very short - that is if he ever makes it out of his bunker alive.
Are you willing to sacrifice Catholic charities, colleges and hospitals if you dont get your way on the contraceptive mandate? reads one proposed question for a bishop.
Are you willing to drop all health insurance for your employees? reads another.
The answer to all of the above is "yes". So Soros and his minions will be stunned when their attack has no effect.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Welcome to the 2017/2018 season of the Calgary Agile Methods User Group. There are 9 sessions to be held the first Thursday of each month from September to May. To receive email notifications about our events, join our meetup group http://www.meetup.com/Calgary-Agile-Methods-User-Group/
Join us May 3, 2018 at 6pm
In Charles Duhigg's book "Smarter Faster Better", he outlines a series of observations that enable organizations to become highly productive. Interestingly, the Agile framework even when applied outside software development drives teams to exhibit the same observations Duhigg's presents in his book. His eight observations relate to motivating individuals, identifying the characteristics of high performing teams, keeping focused, setting goals, managing others, effective decision making, enabling innovation, and transforming data into knowledge.
This session will walk through each of the Duhigg's eight observations and illustrate how they are present in the Agile framework. The participants will learn how the Scrum Master can ensure these characteristics are present in the team so it becomes smarter, faster and better.
Join us April 5, 2018 at 6pm
Continuous delivery and Agile make a great pair. Is this still true in a highly regulated environment such as healthcare? Does ISO 9001 make three a crowd? What happens when your team doubles? Making this work takes a high level of communication and commitment to continuous improvement. Drawing on five years of continuous delivery experience, in this session we will present an honest retrospective of what works, what doesn't, and what it takes to deliver thousands of software releases as a continuous, repeatable process release after release, year after year.
Both Lean and Agile methodologies are based upon similar principles of continuous improvement, emphasis on feedback from the customer and eliminating unnecessary process in order to increase efficiency. Change the conversation with your Product Owner and delivery team through the use of lean tools. In this session, we will look at an overview of lean and disciplined agile and explore a handful of lean tools delivery teams can leverage to identify customer needs and promote continuous improvement.
Many agile teams (Scrum, home-grown, etc) believe that Scrum and Kanban are mutually exclusive, but this just isn't the case. Kanban offers agile organizations a new set of tools that will give them an opportunity to overcome common Scrum problems and achieve greater levels of predictability and productivity without sacrificing any of the hard-fought gains that were achieved by going agile using Scrum.
Join us January 4, 2018 at 6pm
Being a leader in organizations today is a daunting role. How do you meet your goals while at the same time helping your teams meet theirs? In this session, we'll explore practical tools that you can use every day to cultivate your own learning as a leader and support learning across your organization. Show up ready to add new tools to your leadership toolbox!
We've all heard about "DevOps" by now, and how it is transforming IT service delivery. Organizations like Netflix and Amazon and Google are pushing changes directly to production 100s or even 1000s of times every day. Developers are creating their own run-time environments using cloud templates and containers using "infrastructure as code", eliminating friction and delays – but introducing new operational and security risks.
We talk about "whole team approach" when thinking about agile testing, but many people still don't "get" it. In this talk, Janet talks more about what she means by whole team, and how understanding this basic concept has led teams to improve quality of both their process and their product. Testing activities help to build quality into the product and when the whole team actively contributes to solving testing problems, the whole team - along with the business and the customers - benefits.
Code retreat is a day long, intensive practice event, focusing on the fundamentals of software development and design. By providing developers the opportunity to take part in focused practice, away from the pressure of "getting things done", the code retreat format has proven itself to be a highly effective means of skill improvement. Practicing the basic principles of modular and object-oriented design, developers can improve their ability to write code that minimizes the cost of change over time.
Repree's CTO, Steven Kenway will take you through a detailed journey of the team's shift to continuous deployment. On their journey, Steven and his team engaged with local subject matter experts, reviewed other companies' experiences and reached out to CAMUG to provide a new perspective on development lifecycles. This presentation will take the audience through repree's old processes of sprints and planned releases, to shipping new code to production multiple times a day without downtime – each step of the journey will be shared!


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August 05, 1999
ANDRE CHAPPELLE, APPELLANT,v.UNITED STATES, APPELLEE.
Before Steadman and Reid, Associate Judges, and Gallagher, Senior Judge.
The opinion of the court was delivered by: Gallagher, Senior Judge
Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the Atlantic and Maryland Reporters. Users are requested to notify the Clerk of the Court of any formal errors so that corrections may be made before the bound volumes go to press.
Appeal from the Superior Court of the District of Columbia
(Hon. Michael L. Rankin, Trial Judge)
Submitted June 24, 1999
Decided August 5, 1999
Appellant, Andre Chappelle, was convicted of first degree burglary, D.C. Code § 22-1801 (a) (1995 Repl.), and first degree theft, D.C. Code § 22-3812 (a) (1995 Repl.). Chappelle appeals, contending: (1) the trial court erred in admitting evidence that a police officer knew where he "hangs out"; (2) the government's rebuttal argument was improper and prejudicial; and (3) the evidence was insufficient to support a conviction of first degree theft. We agree that the evidence does not support first degree theft, and reverse that conviction. We affirm the conviction of first degree burglary, and direct entry of a conviction for second degree theft.
On August 3, 1997, sometime after 3:00 a.m., James Gant was sitting on his front porch when he saw two men walk past his house on Pleasant Street. One man wore dark pants and a striped shirt. The other, a taller man, wore dark pants and a light colored t-shirt.
After briefly losing sight of the two men, Gant saw them cross the street. Gant saw the two men walk into the front yard of a house that belonged to his neighbor, John Gray. The two men walked over to a window, and began to pry it open. Once the window was open, the man in the striped shirt put his head and shoulders through the window, into the house. The man then came back out of the window, and the two men walked away from the house. About two to four minutes later, the men returned. The taller man had changed his shirt to one of a darker color. Both men now wore black stocking caps. Gant observed the man in the striped shirt go through the window again, up to his waist. At this point, Gant called the police.
Officer Andre Kimvilakani was informed of a possible burglary in progress, and responded. When Kimvilakani arrived at Gray's house, he observed a milk crate under the window. When other officers arrived, Kimvilakani knocked on the door. Gray came to the door and let the police search his home. After completing the search, Kimvilakani asked Gray if anything was missing. Gray immediately noticed that a telephone was missing from his desk in front of the open window. Gray had purchased the telephone from Bell Atlantic two to three weeks prior to the burglary. The telephone had "six different operations on it," including caller identification and an answering machine. The base price of the telephone was $249. Gray, however, also paid $7.50 for shipping and handling, and $54.58 for a warranty contract.
Gray told Kimvilakani that Chappelle had been in his house that day. Gray had told Chappelle that he was looking for a refrigerator. Chappelle told Gray that he could get one for $50. Chappelle left and came back later to Gray's house with another individual and a large refrigerator. Later, Chappelle returned again, asking Gray if he wanted to buy a television for $20. Sometime between midnight and 1:00 a.m., Chappelle and this second individual returned with the television and left.
After hearing that Chappelle had been in the house earlier, Kimvilakani asked the other officers to locate him. Kimvilakani searched the neighborhood, and found Chappelle. He testified that he was able to find Chappelle because, "I know where he hangs out." When Kimvilakani found Chappelle, he was wearing a white shirt with blue and red pinstripes, and black pants. Chappelle was not in possession of the telephone, which was never recovered.
Kimvilakani took Chappelle back to Pleasant Street for a possible identification. Chappelle stood across the street, while Gant looked at him from his porch. Kimvilakani testified, "As soon as he saw Mr. ...
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Saturday 22 July 2.30-5pm & Sunday 23 July 10am-5pm| £120 – Early Booking (before 22 June ) £90 | Book Now
This workshop is dedicated to teachers and intermediate/advanced students who want to develop a deeper understanding of vinyasa flow sequencing. It is suitable for teachers who have recently qualified or are in their first couple years of teaching, for those coming from different traditions and wanting to develop an understanding of vinyasa flow or for those wishing to take a fresh look at their sequencing. The workshop is also suitable for students who have a confident self-practice and want to delve deeper into crafting more creative and maybe less repetitive sequences for themselves. If you have attended the previous self-practice series, you are also welcome to join this workshop.
This workshop counts as 9 CPD hours with Yoga Alliance UK
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- Spicing up our sun salutations
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- The theory of counter-balancing
- Integrating other practices (yin, restorative, meditation, pranayama)


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Call 480.221.1222 to RSVP. Bring your friends for a fun girls night out (of course, boys can come too).


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When Theresa May called the election, it looked like Jeremy Corbyn was doomed and the Labour left would go down with him. Now that the race is on, the Conservative poll lead has been diminished as the public has got a good look at May and her inability to campaign like any other politician. (More…)
Tag: Peter Mandelson
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Since the invasion of Crimea, Putin's popularity has soared. The results of the Crimean referendum were obviously welcomed in Russia. Putin gave a speech the next day, proclaiming that the languages of Russians, Ukrainians, and Crimean Tatars, would now be recognised. These events have been interpreted in the West as an illegitimate annexation. (More…)


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INNISFAIL – On Wednesday May 17th, 2017 between 11:30 and 2 p.m., in support of Crime prevention week Innisfail RCMP will be hosting an open house while providing a free BBQ lunch.
Members will be on hand to provide short tours and discuss any crime prevention related topics.
This is being provided in support of Innisfail Restorative Justice Society, and Innisfail Victim Services unit. On hand will be members from the Innisfail Police Dog training centre and RCMP Safety bear.
All Innisfail and area residents including children are welcome to attend.
Join the Discussion
We are happy to provide a forum for commenting and discussion. Please respect and abide by the house rules: Keep it clean, keep it civil, keep it truthful, stay on topic, be responsible, share your knowledge, and please suggest removal of comments that violate these standards. See full commenting rules.


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Friday, April 9, 2010
Speaking of Tattoo's I got one and Im Down 124 pounds as of today!
9 comments:
ps the paw prints are old, the names are new :)ReplyDelete
First congrats on the weight loss. You're right. You lost a whole person there... and the tattoo. What a courageous thing to do. I almost got a tattoo a while back... too many margaritas. Thank god it was closed.ReplyDelete
Absolutely AWESOME Becca!!!!ReplyDelete
Ask Garcia
Cute tattoo and nice loss :)ReplyDelete
Wow! Very impressive weight loss stats! Keep up the great work..you will reach your goal in no time at that pace! :)ReplyDelete
Congrats girl...your doing awesome! Love the addition of the namesReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 10, 2010 at 11:50 AM
What a fabulous tribute. :)ReplyDelete
Indeed. Keep kicking ass like I know you do and you will find all of the great rewards that follow. And you are very welcome for the tatt. I hope you enjoy your early B-Day present :)ReplyDelete
Thanks for updating your picture :-) I just love seeing your skinny smiling face! Cool tat and what a cool tribute to Kahlua.ReplyDelete
You have achieved what many have only attempted so you should be VERY proud of what you have done. It is no small feat Becca and hope to get there someday.


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Ar-Rahmaan and Ar-Raheem
To continue our Names of Allah series:
Ar-Rahman: The Entirely Merciful, Ar-Raheem: The Especially Merciful
Both of the names Rahman and Raheem come from the root Ra-ha-meem (ر ح م), these names are similar so they require a parallel explanation. What is Rahmah? Rahmah is mercy. In the dictionary it means: ar-rifqa wa ta'attuf, compassion, kindness and gentleness, when a person is kind, compassionate and tenderhearted towards the other. So Ar-Rahman and Ar-Raheem: The One who has a lot of Rahmah, The One who shows a lot of rahmah, He expresses a lot of Rahmah. There are two Names of Allah with the same root, to emphasize that Allah is really the MOST Merciful, there is no one else who is more merciful than Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala.
Ar-Rahman is structure of fa'laan, Ar-Raheem is structure of fa'eel. They both have mubaalaghah (intensification). What is the difference? Rahman has more mubaalagah (intensification) than Raheem. So ar Rahmaan indicates the One who has extensive and great mercy. Who is Ar Raheem then? He is the One who has extensive and great mercy but He expresses it on the ones whom He chooses. So Ar-Rahman extends to all of His creation including disbelievers, and Ar-Raheem extends to Allah's special mercy only for the believers.
Examples from the Qur'an
20: 5->Ar Rahman 'alal 'arsh istawaa'. The Most Merciful, upon the throne He rose. He established His throne and showed Mercy towards all His creation.
55:1-5-> Ar Rahman, Who is He? 'alamal Qur'an, He taught the Qur'an, khalaqal insaan and He created mankind. This mercy is not just for the believers, but for everyone (insaan).
Raheem only to the believers: 33:43-> wa kaana bil mu'mineena raheema. One who is especially merciful to the believers.
2:37-> Innahu huwa at-Tawwaabur Raheem. Indeed He is the Greatest Acceptor of Repentance, the especially Merciful. Tawwaab is for those who turn to Allah, ie the believers.
Combinations of these Names:
These Names appear many times together. First example, the basmalah, and second verse of Fatihah. They appear together to express a lot of Mercy, Allah is the One who is THE MOST Merciful.
When we look at Ar-Raheem, it appears with other Names:
At-Tawwaabur Raheem, Ar-Raoufur Raheem, Ghafoorur Raheem, Al-Azeezur Raheem (surah Shu'ara). Remember His mercy, but also remember His might.
Appeared many times in surah Maryam and Furqan. Why so many times? These surahs were makkee surahs and they were introductions to the deen, so one of the first ways of how Allah Introduces Himself is by which attribute? The attribute of Rahmah, which is why the Qur'an opens up with these Attributes as well (Basmalah and Faatihah). Why, what's so important about them? First of all, when people learn about Allah, they shouldn't learn He is the One who puts them into hellfire but that Allah is Ready to accept people and forgive people. This is why messengers are basheerun (giver of glad tidings) and natheer (warner). Of the first ways to introduce Allah ta'ala in da'wah is by His Mercy. Specifically for the believers, they should remember His Mercy then they should abstain from wrong actions. Think: 'If Allah is SO Merciful to me, why should I disobey Him and do wrong? Allah is so Rahman and I am so disobedient.' The siffah (characteristic) of Rahman and Raheem remind the believers that they should remain firm on Allah's Obedience. Allah is So Merciful, So kind towards you, so why won't you obey Him?
Hadeeth in Bukhari: "Verily Allah created Mercy. The day He created it, He made it into one hundred parts. He withheld with Him ninety-nine parts, and sent its one part to all His creatures." Allah has saved the 99 parts for His true believers on the day of judgment, that is when Allah will be ar Raheem. 23:108-> Allah will say to the disbelievers: do not even speak to Me, remain in hell-fire. Why? Because they do not deserve the rahmah of Allah. So if a person does not not benefit from His Mercy in this dunya, they do not receive in the aakhirah. To benefit is not to just receive it in this dunya, but to accept the guidance and stay away from disobedience. Doing what is required of the slave.
Aideh permalinkOctober 18, 2009 6:02 pm
very nice way to tie it up. Great motivation to do good. Shows Islam is not all 'fire and brimstones.'
sumayya permalinkAugust 30, 2010 7:59 am
The hadith about the one hundered parts of the mercy of ALLAH and 99 of them for the belivers always makes me fall in more love with the creator i always mention this hadith to my students and they two are amazed with the blessing and special mercy of ALLAH subhanaho watallah for us
- Day 94: 99 Names of Allah ~ NAME ONE, Part One { 30 min } | one lecture
- Day 95: 99 Names of Allah ~ NAME ONE, Part Two { 28 min } | one lecture
- Day 95: 99 Names of Allah ~ NAME ONE, Part Three { 30 min } | one lecture
- Day 97: 99 Names of Allah ~ Name TWO, Part One { 20 min } | one lecture
- Day 98: 99 Names of Allah ~ Name TWO, Part Two { 20 min } | one lecture
- Day 99: 99 Names of Allah ~ Name TWO, Part Three { 20 min } | one lecture
- DAY 1: Ar-Rahman – The Entirely Merciful | Creative Motivations
- DAY 1: Ar-Rahman – The Entirely Merciful | Creative Motivations
- Los Bellos Nombres y Atributos de Allah: Ar Rahman, Ar Rahim, Al Barr, Al Karim, Al Jawwad, Ar Rauf , Al Wahhab | Islam en Español


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For many decades treatment of an acute disease or a chronic illness has been mostly accomplished by delivery of drugs to patients using various pharmaceutical dosage forms. Traditionally, the oral drug delivery has been popular as the most widely utilized route of administration among all the routes that have been explored for the systemic delivery of drugs. Conventional oral drug delivery systems are known to provide an immediate release of drug, in which one cannot control the release of the drug and effective concentration at the target site. The bioavailability of drug from these formulations may vary significantly, depending on factors such as physico-chemical properties of the drug, presence of excipients, various physiological factors such as the presence or absence of food, pH of the GI tract, GI motility, etc.1 To overcome this limitation of oral route is replied by parenteral route. This route offers the advantage of reduced dose, targeting of site and avoiding GI stability, hepatic by-pass of drug molecule.
In the recent years, pharmaceutical research has led to the development of several novel drug delivery systems. The role of drug development is to take a therapeutically effective molecule with sub-optimal physicochemical and/or physiological properties and develop an optimized product that will still be therapeutically effective but with additional benefits such as2
* Sustained and consistent blood levels within the therapeutic window
* Enhanced bioavailability
* Reduced interpatient variability
* Customized delivery profiles
* Decreased dosing frequency
* Improved patient compliance
* Reduced side effects
The drug release can be modulated by different ways but the most of novel drug delivery systems are prepared using matrix, reservoir or osmotic principle. In matrix systems, the drug is embedded in a polymer matrix and the release takes place by partitioning of drug into the polymer matrix and the surrounding medium. In contrast, reservoir systems have a drug core surrounded by a rate controlling membrane. The osmotic systems utilize the principles of osmotic pressure for the delivery of drugs in both the routes oral as well as parenteral.3
1.1 Osmosis
Osmosis can be defined as the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane driven by a difference in osmotic pressure across the membrane. It is driven by a difference in solute concentrations across the membrane that allows passage of water, but rejects most solute molecules or ions. Osmotic pressure is the pressure which, if applied to the more concentrated solution, would prevent transport of water across the semipermeable membrane.
The first osmotic effect was reported by Abbe Nollet in 1748. Later in 1877, Pfeffer performed an experiment using semi-permeable membrane to separate sugar solution from pure water. He showed that the osmotic pressure of the sugar solution is directly proportional to the solution concentration and the absolute temperature. In 1886, Vant Hoff identified an underlying proportionality between osmotic pressure, concentration and temperature. He revealed that osmotic pressure is proportional to concentration and temperature and the relationship can be described by following equation.
Π = Ø c RT
Where, p = Osmotic pressure
Π = osmotic coefficient
c = molar concentration
R = gas constant
T = Absolute temperature
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property, which depends on concentration of solute that contributes to osmotic pressure. Solutions of different concentrations having the same solute and solvent system exhibit an osmotic pressure proportional to their concentrations. Thus a constant osmotic pressure, and thereby a constant influx of water can be achieved by an osmotic delivery system that results in a constant zero order release rate of drug.4
1.2 Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems
Osmotic pressure is used as driving force for these systems to release the drug in controlled manner. Osmotic drug delivery technique is the most interesting and widely acceptable among all other technologies used for the same. Intensive research has been carried out on osmotic systems and several patents are also published. Development of osmotic drug delivery systems was pioneered by Alza and it holds major number of the patents analyzed and also markets several products based on osmotic principle. These systems can be used for both route of administration i.e. oral and parenterals. Oral osmotic systems are known as gastro-intestinal therapeutic systems (GITS). Parenteral osmotic drug delivery includes implantable pumps.
Historical aspects of osmotic pumps
About 75 years after discovery of the osmosis principle, it was first used in the design of drug delivery systems.5 Rose and Nelson, the Australian scientists, were initiators of osmotic drug delivery. In 1955, they developed an implantable pump, which consisted of three chambers: a drug chamber, a salt chamber contains excess solid salt, and a water chamber. The drug and water chambers are separated by rigid semipermeable membrane. The difference in osmotic pressure across the membrane moves water from the water chamber into the salt chamber. The volume of the salt chamber increases because of this water flow, which distends the latex diaphragm separating the salt and drug chambers, thereby pumping drug out of the device. The design and mechanism of this pump is comparable to modern push-pull osmotic pump. The major disadvantage of this pump was the water chamber, which must be charged before use of the pump. The pumping rate of this push-pull pump is given by the equation.
dM/dt = dV/dt x c
In general, this equation, with or without some modifications, applies to all other type of osmotic systems.
Several simplifications in Rose-Nelson pump were made by Alza Corporation in early 1970s. The Higuchi-Leeper pump is modified version of Rose-Nelson pump. It has no water chamber, and the device is activated by water imbibed from the surrounding environment. The pump is activated when it is swallowed or implanted in the body. This pump consists of a rigid housing, and the semipermeable membrane is supported on a perforated frame. It has a salt chamber containing a fluid solution with excess solid salt. Recent modification in Higuchi-Leeper pump accommodated pulsatile drug delivery. The pulsatile release was achieved by the production of a critical pressure at which the delivery orifice opens and releases the drug.6
Higuchi-Leeper pump
Fig. 1: Higuchi-Leeper pump
Further simplified variant of Rose-Nelson pump was developed by Higuchi and Theeuwes. This pump comprises a rigid, rate controlling outer semipermeable membrane surrounding a solid layer of salt coated on the inside by an elastic diaphragm and on the outside by the membrane. In use, water is osmotically drawn by the salt chamber, forcing drug from the drug chamber.7
Higuchi-Theeuwes pump
Fig. 2: Higuchi-Theeuwes pump
In 1975, the major leap in osmotic delivery occurred as the elementary osmotic pump for oral delivery of drugs was introduced. The pump consists of an osmotic core containing the drug, surrounded by a semipermeable membrane with a delivery orifice. When this pump is exposed to water, the core imbibes water osmotically at a controlled rate, determined by the membrane permeability to water and by the osmotic pressure of the core formulation. As the membrane is non-expandable, the increase in volume caused by the imbibition of water leads to the development of hydrostatic pressure inside the tablet. This pressure is relieved by the flow of saturated solution out of the device through the delivery orifice. This process continues at a constant rate until the entire solid agent inside the tablet has been dissolved and only a solution filled coating membrane is left. This residual dissolved agent continues to be delivered at a declining rate until the osmotic pressure inside and outside the tablet are equal. Normally, the EOP delivers 60-80% of its contents at a constant rate, and there is a short lag time of 30-60 min as the system hydrates before zero order delivery from the EOP is obtained.8
Apart from oral osmotic pumps, the development of miniature implantable osmotic pumps in the mid-1970s was a major breakthrough to deliver wide range of drugs and hormones, including peptides at constant and programmed rate in mice, rat and larger animals. These implants provide a convective stream of drug solution that can be directed through suitable catheter connections to sites in the animal remote from itself.9 Most recently the implantable pumps for human use are developed to delivery the drug for targeting or systemic application.
2.0 Classification of Osmotic drug delivery systems:
Many forms of osmotic pumps are reported in the literature but, in general they can be divided in oral and implantable systems. The detailed information on various osmotic systems is classified in Table 1.
2.1 Oral osmotic drug delivery systems
As oral route is the most popular route of administration, most of the osmotic systems are developed as oral drug delivery. It is possible to deliver APIs at zero-order release rate, independent of gastric pH and hydrodynamic conditions with these osmotically controlled drug delivery systems.
These systems can be further classified in
* Single chamber osmotic system: Elementary osmotic pump
* Multi-chamber osmotic systems:
o Tablets with second expandable osmotic chamber: push-pull osmotic pump
o Tablets with second non-expandable osmotic chamber: Two systems falls in this class i.e. 1) Drug solution gets diluted in the second chamber before leaving device and 2) Two separate EOP tablet formed in a single tablet
* Miscellaneous: Controlled porosity osmotic pumps, multiparticulate osmotic pump10, osmotic bursting osmotic pump11, Effervescent activity-based osmotic systems12, Lipid osmotic pump13
2.2 Implantable osmotic drug delivery systems
2.2.1 For human use:
More recently, osmotic principles have been applied to human parenteral therapy, resulting in the development of the DUROS® technology. These technologies allow drug delivery for site-specific as well as systemic use for delivery periods of days to 1 year.14
All materials in the DUROS system were chosen for their biocompatibility and suitability for implant use. The drug-contacting materials are also screened for compatibility with the drug and the specific drug formulation excipients. Radiation sterilization (gamma) may be utilized to sterilize the final drug product. If the drug formulation cannot withstand sterilizing doses of radiation, then a DUROS subassembly is radiation sterilized, and the drug formulation is added in a final aseptic operation. Hence, the materials in the DUROS system were also screened for their ability to withstand sterilizing doses of radiation.
applications, the preferred site of implantation is subcutaneous placement in the inside of the upper arm. When implanted, a large, constant osmotic gradient is established between the tissue water and the osmotic engine. The engine is specifically formulated with an excess of NaCl, such that solid NaCl is present throughout the delivery period. This results in a constant osmotic gradient throughout the delivery period. In response to the osmotic gradient, water is drawn across the membrane into the osmotic engine.
Compounds delivered using DUROS® Technology
DUROS® has the potential to provide more flexibility than competitive products regarding the types of drugs that can be administered, including proteins, peptides and genes because the drug dispensing mechanism is independent from the drug substance.
2.2.2 For animal models:
ALZET osmotic pumps are miniature, implantable pumps used for research in mice, rats, and other laboratory animals. These infusion pumps continuously deliver drugs, hormones, and other test agents at controlled rates from one day to six weeks without the need for external connections or frequent handling. Their unattended operation eliminates the need for repeated nighttime or weekend dosing.15
ALZET pumps operate by osmotic displacement. An empty reservoir within the core of the pump is filled with the drug or hormone solution to be delivered. Due to the presence of a high concentration of salt in a chamber surrounding the reservoir (but isolated from it by an impermeable layer), water enters the pump through its outer surface (a semipermeable layer). The entry of water increases the volume in the salt chamber, causing compression of the flexible reservoir and delivery of the drug solution into the animal via the exit port.
ALZET pumps can be used for systemic administration when implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. They can be attached to a catheter for intravenous, intracerebral, or intra-arterial infusion. ALZET pumps can also be used for targeted delivery, where the effects of a drug or test agent are localized in a particular tissue or organ, by means of a catheter. The pumps have been used to target delivery to a wide variety of sites including the spinal cord, spleen, liver, organ or tissue transplants, and wound healing sites.
ALZET pumps have been used successfully to deliver hundreds of different compounds, including antibodies, chemotherapeutic drugs, cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and peptides.
Table 1: Different types of osmotic systems-Design, mechanism and uses
Osmotic System
Design of Dosage Form
Oral osmotic tablets
Single chamber osmotic pumps
+Elementary Osmotic Pump (EOP)8, 16
Core: API ± osmogents
Coat: Semi permeable membrane with delivery orifice
The water penetrates inside the dosage form at the rate determined by the fluid permeability of the membrane and osmotic pressure of core formulation. This will result in formation of saturated solution of drug within the core, which is dispensed at a controlled rate from the delivery orifice in the membrane.
· Moderately soluble API
· 60-80% constant release
Controlled-porosity osmotic pump (CPOP)17, 18
Core: API ± osmogents
Coat: Semi permeable membrane with water soluble additives
Water-soluble additives dissolve after coming in contact with water, resulting in an in situ formation of a microporous membrane. The resulting membrane is substantially permeable to both water and dissolved solutes and the mechanism of drug release was found to be osmotic.
Osmotic bursting osmotic pump19
Core: API ± osmogents
Coat: Semi permeable membrane without delivery orifice
When placed in aqueous environment, water is imbibed and hydraulic pressure is built up inside the system, then wall ruptures and the contents are released.
· For pulsated release
Multi-chamber osmotic pumps
Push-pull osmotic pump (PPOP)20 , 21
Core Tablet:
Layer 1: API ± osmogents
Layer 2: Polymeric osmotic agents
Coat: Semi permeable membrane with delivery orifice
After coming in contact with the aqueous environment, polymeric osmotic layer swells and pushes the drug layer, and thus releasing drug in the form of fine dispersion via the orifice.
· For delivery of APIs having extremes of water solubility
· Modifications can be done:
- delayed push-pull
- multi-layer push-pull
- push-stick system
Sandwiched Osmotic tablets (SOTS)22
Core tablet: 3 layers
Middle layer: push layer
2 attached layers: API
Coat: Semi permeable membrane with two side delivery orifice
The middle push layer swells and drug is released from delivery orifices.
· API release from two sides of tablets.
Oral osmotic capsules
Single osmotic unit or a unit containing as many as five to six PPOP filled in hard gelatin capsule. The osmotic system is enteric coated.
Gelatin capsule shell dissolves after coming in contact with GI fluids. Enteric coating on the system prevents entry of fluid from stomach to the system and it dissolves after entering into intestine. The water imbibes into the core and push compartment will swell. At the same time, the flowable gel is formed which is pushed out via delivery orifice at predetermined rate.
· For colon-targeting and can be used as local or systemic therapy.
L-OROS (Soft-Cap & Hard-Cap)24, 25
Liquid API formulation is present in a soft gelatin capsule, which is surrounded with the barrier layer, the osmotic layer, and the release rate-controlling membrane. A delivery orifice is formed through these three layers.
When the system comes in contact with aqueous environment, water permeates across the rate controlling membrane and activates the osmotic layer. The expansion of the osmotic layer results in the development of hydrostatic pressure inside the system, thereby forcing the liquid formulation to break through the hydrated gelatin capsule shell at the delivery orifice.
· To deliver APIs as liquid formulations and combine the benefits of extended release with high bioavailability.
· Suitable for controlled delivery of lipophilic APIs
Pelleted delayed release26
Multi-particulate delayed release systems consist of pellets of API (with or without osmogents) coated with SPM.
Rapid expansion of membrane after coming in contact with aqueous environment resulting in pore-formation and API release
· High flux rates and thus having higher release rates for poorly water-soluble APIs
Asymmetric membrane capsule27
Capsule wall made up of water insoluble semipermeable polymer
Imbibition of water through the capsule wall and dissolving soluble components within it and releasing from same wall
· High water permeability and controlled porosity
Telescopic capsule for delayed release28, 29
This device consists of two chambers, the first contains the drug and an exit port, and the second contains osmotic engine. Layer of wax-like material separates the two sections.
As fluid is imbibed the housing of the dispensing device, the osmotic engine expand and exerts pressure on the slidable connected first and second wall sections.
Implantable osmotic systems
Duros osmotic pump30
Implantable drug-dispensing osmotic pump, shaped as a small rod with titanium housing.
Through osmosis, water from the body is slowly drawn through the semi-permeable membrane into the pump by osmotic agent residing in the engine compartment, which expands the osmotic agent and displaces a piston to dispense small amounts of drug formulation from the drug reservoir through the orifice
· Systemic or site-specific administration of a drug
Alzet osmotic pumps15
Empty reservoir within the core of the pump is filled with the drug or hormone solution to be delivered and is surrounded by salt chamber with impermeable layer between them.
Water enters into the salt chamber through semipermeable membrane and causes compression of flexible reservoir and delivery of drug solution.
· To deliver drugs, hormones, and other test agents continuously at controlled rates from one day to six weeks
3.0 General mechanism for drug release from osmotic pumps
As described earlier, the basic equation which applies to osmotic systems is
dM / dt = dV / dt x c
dM / dt= mass release
dV / dt= volumetric pumping rate
c = concentration of drug
dV / dt = (A/ h)Lp ( σ ΔΠ -Δp)
A= membrane area
h= thickness of membrane
Lp= mechanical permeability
σ =reflection coefficient
ΔΠ=osmotic pressure difference
Δp = hydrostatic pressure difference
As the size of orifice delivery increases, Δp decrease, so ΔΠ >> Δp and equation becomes
dV / dt = A/ h Lp (σ ΔΠ )
When the osmotic pressure of the formulation is large compared to the osmotic pressure of the environment, p can be substituted for Dp.
dV / dt = A / h Lp σΠ = A / hk Π (k = Lpσ = membrane permeability)
Now, equation (1) can be given as
dM / dt = (A / h) k Π c = (A / h) k Π S (S = solubility of drug, c taken as S)
4.0 Factors affecting drug release rate
4.1 Solubility:
APIs for osmotic delivery should have water solubility in the desired range to get optimize drug release. However, by modulating the solubility of these drugs within the core, effective release patterns may be obtained for the drugs, which might otherwise appear to be poor candidate for osmotic delivery.
Solubility-modifying approaches:
* Use of swellable polymers31: vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide have uniform swelling rate which causes drug release at constant rate.
* Use of wicking agents: These agents may enhance the surface area of drug with the incoming aqueous fluids. e.g. colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc. Ensotrol® technology uses the same principle to deliver drugs via osmotic mechanism.
* Use of effervescent mixtures32: Mixture of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate which creates pressures in the osmotic system and ultimately controls the release rate.
* Use of cyclodextrin derivatives33: They are known to increase solubility of poorly soluble drugs. The same phenomenon can also be used for the osmotic systems.
* Use of alternative salt form: Change in salt form of may change solubility.
* Use of encapsulated excipients34: Solubility modifier excipient used in form of mini-tablet coated with rate controlling membrane.
* Resin Modulation approach35: Ion-exchange resin methods are commonly used to modify the solubility of APIs. Some of the resins used in osmotic systems are Poly (4-vinyl pyridine), Pentaerythritol, citric and adipic acids.
* Use of crystal habit modifiers: Different crystal form of the drug may have different solubility, so the excipient which may change crystal habit of the drug can be used to modulate solubility.36
* Co-compression of drug with excipients 37,38: Different excipients can be used to modulate the solubility of APIs with different mechanisms like saturation solubility, pH dependent solubility. Examples of such excipients are organic acids, buffering agent, etc.
4.2 Osmotic pressure:
The next release-controlling factor that must be optimized is the osmotic pressure gradient between inside the compartment and the external environment.
The simplest and most predictable way to achieve a constant osmotic pressure is to maintain a saturated solution of osmotic agent in the compartment. The following table shows osmotic pressure of commonly used solutes in CR formulations39.
Table 2
4.3 Size of delivery orifice:
To achieve an optimal zero order delivery profile, the cross sectional area of the orifice must be smaller than a maximum size to minimize drug delivery by diffusion through the orifice. Furthermore, the area must be sufficiently large, above a minimum size to minimize hydrostatic pressure build up in the system. The typical orifice size in osmotic pumps ranges from 600µ to 1 mm.
Methods to create a delivery orifice in the osmotic tablet coating are:
* Mechanical drill
* Laser drill: This technology is well established for producing sub-millimeter size hole in tablets. Normally, CO2 laser beam (with output wavelength of 10.6µ) is used for drilling purpose, which offers excellent reliability characteristics at low costs.40, 41
* Indentation that is not covered during the coating process42: Indentation is made in core tablets by using modified punches having needle on upper punch. This indentation is not covered during coating process which acts as a path for drug release in osmotic system.
* Use of leachable substances in the semipermeable coating : e.g. controlled porosity osmotic pump
5.0 Basic components of Osmotic systems
5.1 Drug:
which have short biological half-life and which is used for prolonged treatment are ideal candidate for osmotic systems. Various drug candidates such as Diltiazem HCl43, Carbamazepine, Metoprolol44, Oxprenolol, Nifedipine45, Glipizide46, etc are formulated as osmotic delivery.
5.2 Osmotic agent:
Osmotic components usually are ionic compounds consisting of either inorganic salts or hydrophilic polymers. Some of the osmotic agents that can be used for such systems are classified below. Different type of osmogents can be used for such systems are categorized as water-soluble salts of inorganic acids like magnesium chloride or sulfate; lithium, sodium, or potassium chloride; sodium or potassium hydrogen phosphate; water-soluble salts of organic acids like sodium and potassium acetate, magnesium succinate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium ascorbate; Carbohydrates like mannose, sucrose, maltose lactose; water-soluble amino acids and organic polymeric osmogents, etc.
5.3 Semipermeable membrane:
An important part of the osmotic drug delivery system is the SPM housing. Therefore, the polymeric membrane selection is key to osmotic delivery formulation. The membrane must possess certain performance criteria such as:
* Sufficient wet strength and water permeability
* Should be biocompatible
* Rigid and non-swelling
* Should be sufficient thick to withstand the pressure within the device.
Any polymer that is permeable to water but impermeable to solute can be used as a coating material in osmotic devices. e.g. Cellulose esters like cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose triacetate and ethyl cellulose and Eudragits. 47
5.4 Plasticizers:
Different types and amount of plasticizers used in coating membrane also have a significant importance in the formulation of osmotic systems. They can change visco-elastic behavior of polymers and these changes may affect the permeability of the polymeric films. Some of the plasticizers used are as below:
* Polyethylene glycols
* Ethylene glycol monoacetate; and diacetate- for low permeability
* Tri ethyl citrate
* Diethyl tartarate or Diacetin- for more permeable films
6.0 Advantages of osmotic drug delivery systems
Osmotic drug delivery systems for oral and parenterals use offer distinct and practical advantages over other means of delivery. The following advantages have contributed to the popularity of osmotic drug delivery systems.48
* The delivery rate of zero-order is achievable with osmotic systems.
* Delivery may be delayed or pulsed, if desired.
* Higher release rates are possible with osmotic systems compared with conventional diffusion-controlled drug delivery systems.
* The release rate of osmotic systems is highly predictable and can be programmed by modulating the release control parameters.
* For oral osmotic systems, drug release is independent of gastric pH and hydrodynamic conditions.
* The release from osmotic systems is minimally affected by the presence of food in gastrointestinal tract.
* A high degree of in vivo- in vitro correlation (IVIVC) is obtained in osmotic systems.
7.0 Marketed products
Elementary osmotic pump
Brand Name
Efidac 24®
Acutrim ®
Sudafed 24®
Volmax ®
Minipress XL®
Push-pull osmotic systems
Ditropan XL ®
Oxybutynin chloride
Procardia XL®
Glucotrol ®
Covera HS ®
Verapamil HCl
DynaCirc CR®
Implantable osmotic systems
Leuprolide acetate
8.0 References:
1. L.F. Prescott. The need for improved drug delivery in clinical practice, In: Novel Drug Delivery and Its Therapeutic application, John Wiley and Sons, West Susset, U.K., 1-11; 1989.
2. Dr. P.P. Bhatt. Osmotic drug delivery systems for poorly water soluble drugs, Pharmaventures Ltd., Oxford, UK, 26-29; 2004.
3. R.K. Verma, D. M. Krishna and S. Garg. Review article on Formulation aspects in the development of Osmotically controlled oral drug delivery systems, J. Control. Release, 79, 7-27; 2002.
4. X. Li and B.R. Jasti. Osmotic controlled drug delivery systems, In: Design of controlled release of drug delivery systems, McGraw Hill, 203-229; 2006.
5. S. Rose and J. F. Nelson. A continuous long-term injector, Aust. J. Exp. Biol. 33, 415; 1955.
6. T. Higuchi and H.M. Leeper. Improved osmotic dispenser employing magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride US Patent 3760804, 1973.
7. T. Higuchi and H.M. Leeper. Osmotic dispenser with means for dispensing active agent responsive to osmotic gradient. US Patent 3995631, 1976.
8. F. Theeuwes. Elementary Osmotic Pump, J. Pharm. Sci. 4(12), 1987-1991; 1975.
9. F. Theeuwes and S.I. Yum. Principles of the design and operation of generic osmotic pumps for the delivery of semisolid or liquid formulations, Ann. Biomed. Eng.,4, 343-53; 1976.
10. G.M. Zentner, K.J. Himmelstein and G.S. Rork. Multiparticulate controlled porosity osmotic. US Patent 4851228; 1989.
11. R.W. Baker. Controlled release delivery system by an osmotic bursting mechanism. US Patent 3952741; 1976.
12. P. Bonsen, P. S. Wong and F. Theeuwes. Method of delivering drug with aid of effervescent activity generated in environment of use. US Patent 4265874; 1981.
13. G. L. Amidon, T. Higuchi and J. B. Dressman. Lipid osmotic pump. US Patent 4685918; 1987.
14. J.C. Wright, R.M. Johnoson and S.I. Yum. DUROS® Osmotic Pharmaceutical Systems for Parenteral & Site-Directed Therapy, www.drugdeliverytech.com
15. www.alzet.com
16. R. Jerzewski and Y. Chien. Osmotic drug delivery. In: Treatise on controlled drug delivery: Fundamentals, optimization, Application. Marcel Dekker, 225-253; 1992.
17. G.M. Zentner, G.S. Rork and K.J. Himmelstein. The controlled porosity osmotic pump. J. Control. Release, 1, 269-282; 1985.
18. G.M. Zentner, G.S. Rork and K.J. Himmelstein. Osmotic flow through controlled porosity films: An approach to delivery of water soluble compounds. J. Control. Release, 2, 217-229; 1985.
19. N.S. Parmar and S.K. Vyas. In: Advances in controlled and novel drug delivery, CBS publisher. 28-29; 2008.
20. P.S.I Wong, B. Barclay, J.C. Deters and F. Theeuwes. Osmotic device with dual thermodynamic activity. US Patent 4612008; 1986.
21. R. Cortese and F. Theeuwes. Osmotic device with hydrogel driving member. US Patent 4327725; 1982.
22. L. Liu, J. Ku, G. Khang, B. Lee and J.M. Rhee. Nifedipine controlled delivery by sandwiched osmotic tablet system, J. Control. Release, 68, 145-156; 2000.
23. F. Theeuwes, P.S.L. Wong, T.L. Burkoth and D.A. Fox. Osmotic systems for colon-targeted drug delivery. In: Colonic drug absorption and metabolism. Marcel Dekker, NY, 137-158; 1993.
24. L. Dong, K. Shafi, J. Wan and P. Wong. A novel osmotic delivery system: L-OROS Soft cap. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, Paris; 2000.
25. L. Dong, P. Wong and S. Espinal. L-OROS HARDCAP: A new osmotic delivery system for controlled release of liquid formulation: In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, San Diego; 2001.
26. P. Schultz and P. Kleinebudde. A new multiparticulate delayed release system. Part I: Dissolution properties and release mechanism, J. Control. Release, 47, 181-189; 1997.
27. A.G. Thombre, J.R. Cardinal, A.R. DeNoto, S.M. Herbig and K.L. Smith. Asymmetric membrane capsules for osmotic drug delivery I. Development of a manufacturing process, J. Control. Release, 57, 55-64; 1999.
28. P.S.L Wong. Osmotic device with delayed action of drug delivery. US Patent 5223265; 1993.
29. PSL Wong, F. Theeuwes, S.D. Larsen and LC Dong. Osmotic device for delayed delivery of agent. US Patent 5531736; 1996.
30. www.durect.com
31. S.C. Khanna. Therapeutic system for sparingly soluble active ingredients. US Patent 4992278; 1999
32. F. Theeuwes. Osmotic dispenser with gas generating means. US Patent 4036228; 1977.
33. K. Okimoto, M. Miyake, N. Ohnishi, R.A. Rajewski, V. J. Stella, T. Irie and K. Uekama. Design and evaluation of an osmotic pump tablet for prednisolone usng (SBE)-7m-ß-CD, Pharm. Res. 15, 1562-1568; 1998.
34. A.G. Thombre, A.R. DeNoto and D.G. Gibbes. Delivery of glipizide from asymmetric membrane capsules using encapsulated excipients, J. Control. Release, 60, 333-341; 1999.
35. G. M. Zentner, G. A. McClelland and S. C. Sutton. Controlled porosity solubility- and resin-modulated osmotic drug delivery systems for release of diltiazem hydrochloride, J. Control. Release 16, 237-244; 1991.
36. A.D. Koparkar and S. B. Shah. Oral osmotic system for slightly soluble active agents. US Patent 5284662; 1994.
37. S.M. Herbig, J.R. Cardinal, R.W. Korsmeyer and K.L. Smith. Asymmetric-membrane tablet coatings for osmotic drug delivery, J. Control. Release, 35, 127-136; 1995.
38. D. Swanson and D. Edgren. Osmotic device that improves delivery properties of agent in situ. US patent 4326525; 1982.
39. G.M. Zentner, G.S. Rork and K.J. Himmelstein. Controlled porosity osmotic pump. US Patent 4968507; 1990.
40. F. Gaebler, Laser drilling enables advanced drug delivery systems, Coherent article for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, 1-7; Jan 2007.
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44. K. Bauer, G. Kaik and B. Kaik Osmotic release oral drug delivery system of metoprolol in hypertensive asthmatic patients. Pharmacodynamic effects on beta 2-adrenergic receptors, Hypertension, 24, 339-346; 1994.
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47. J. L. Jensen, L.E. Appel, J.H. Clair and G.M. Zentner, Variables that affect the mechanism of drug release from osmotic pumps coated with acrylate/methacrylate copolymer latexes, J. Pharm. Sci., 84 (5), 530-533; 1995.
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text:
So, when last we met I was about 9 years old and listening to top 40 radio. This was about the time I started asking for albums (never really cared much for singles, still don't) for my birthday and for Christmas. The first ones I can remember calling my own were "She's So Unusual" by Cindy Lauper, "Thriller" by Michael Jackson, Madonna's first album, and a little later "Purple Rain" by Prince. As the 80's rolled on I got into Men at Work, Duran Duran, Phil Collins (hadn't heard of Genesis yet), Lionel Richie, and Huey Lewis and the News, just to name a few. I would listen to the weekly Top 40 every Saturday Morning and root for my favorites to be number 1 again. It was my version of watching competitive sports on television. The last 80's top 40 tune I remember loving was "Glory of Love" by Peter Cetera. It was done as the theme to the movie "The Karate Kid Part 2". It was the summer of 1986. Something happened during that summer that changed my life forever. (Yes I'm being dramatic, but at the same time there's not much hyperbole in that statement, just ask my wife.) What was this groundbreaking event that so greatly impacted the life of this young music geek you may ask. I'll tell you, it was the 20th anniversary of the Monkees.
Now, anybody that knows me, knows I can talk on the Monkees for hours on end. I won't do that here. That will be for future blogs. But, long story short the Pre-Fab four was all I listened to for about two years straight. The passion still continues today, but my musical horizons have expanded greatly. I have my brother Scott to thank for that.
In the summer of 1988, I was 14, Scott was 25 and we went on a two week road trip together. It was going to be awesome, my big brother and I out on an adventure, I was so excited. Before we left he handed me some records and asked me to make copies onto cassettes so we had something to listen to in the car. The albums were, "Live Rust" by Neil Young, "Deja Vu" by Crosby Stills Nash, and Young, Bob Dylan's "Greatest Hits", and Jefferson Airplane "Surrealistic Pillow". By the time I was done making those copies I was a fan of Classic rock. This set the tone for my musical tastes to this day.
The classic rock artists got me interested in checking out the blues. The blues artists got me interested in checking out jazz. And today you will find everything in my music collection from Miles Davis to Black Sabbath and everything in between.
Now, I don't live completely in the past. Every once in a while a new artist will make me sit up and pay attention. In the 90's it was Dave Matthews Band, in the early 2000's I fell in love with Norah Jones, and lately I have really gotten into bands like Mumford and Sons and Kings of Leon. But, I always find myself going back to the classics.


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