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Judge strikes down Idaho's same-sex marriage ban
BOISE, Idaho (AP) — Gay and lesbian couples in Idaho could start getting married as soon as Friday after a judge ruled the state's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional.
U.S. District Magistrate Judge Candy Dale wrote in her decision Tuesday evening that Idaho's laws barring same-sex marriage unconstitutionally deny gay and lesbian citizens their fundamental right to marry. Ten other federal district courts have issued similar rulings supporting gay marriage rights.
Dale said the state must issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples starting at 9 a.m. Friday.
"The Plaintiffs are entitled to extraordinary remedies because of their extraordinary injuries," Dale wrote, saying same-sex couples in Idaho have been denied the economic, emotional and spiritual benefits of marriage.
"Plaintiffs suffer these injuries not because they are unqualified to marry, start a family, or grow old together, but because of who they are and whom they love," she wrote.
Gov. C.L. "Butch" Otter already has said he intends to appeal the case, meaning an appellate court could still put the weddings on hold. The three-day delay in allowing weddings is apparently in response to a request from the governor.
Otter cited the state's constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage.
"In 2006, the people of Idaho exercised their fundamental right, reaffirming that marriage is the union of a man and a woman," he said in a statement. "Today's decision, while disappointing, is a small setback in a long-term battle that will end at the U.S. Supreme Court."
Idaho Attorney General Lawrence Wasden said he would consult with the governor on the state's appeal.
Four Idaho couples in November filed the lawsuit against the governor and Ada County Clerk Chris Rich challenging the marriage ban. They are Sue Latta and Traci Ehlers; Lori and Sharene Watsen; Shelia Robertson and Andrea Altmayer; and Amber Beierle and Rachael Robertson.
Latta and Ehlers married in 2008 in California, and the Watsens married in 2011 in New York. Both couples have children and say Idaho wrongly treats Ehlers as a legal stranger to her grandchildren and requires Lori Watsen to obtain a new power of attorney every six months so she can have legal authority to consent to medical treatment for her son.
"We won," Latta said, holding the hand of her wife, Traci Ehlers.
The couple spoke on the steps of the federal courthouse Tuesday evening, surrounded by their friends and family as well as their attorneys and the three other plaintiff couples.
"I think we're going to go celebrate," Ehlers said.
Beierle and Rachael Robertson of Boise said they would be back at the courthouse Friday morning to get a marriage license.
"The first person I called when I got the news was my mom, and she said, 'I'm so proud of you Amby,'" Beierle said, holding back tears. "I don't think people understand what that means to native Idahoans who love this state and want to stay in this state but who want to be heard. It feels amazing."
The four couples' attorney, Deborah Ferguson, said the ruling recognized that the families are part of Idaho's community and that they deserved the same protections and respect as other families.
"The court's ruling is a victory not only for the courageous couples who brought this case, but for everyone who cares about freedom and fairness," Ferguson said in a statement.
Last year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a law forbidding the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages was unconstitutional. Since then, lower-court judges have repeatedly cited the decision when striking down same-sex marriage bans that were enacted after Massachusetts started recognizing gay marriages in 2004.
In addition to Idaho, federal or state judges in Oklahoma, Virginia, Michigan, Texas, Utah and Arkansas have recently found those state bans to be unconstitutional. Judges have also ordered Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee to recognize same-sex marriages from other states.


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catcrazy12 on Family Tree Circles
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Looking for Jennings of Ireland
Hello, My name is Marilyn Jennings Safranek. I am searching for the birthplace of my great-grandfather, Michael Jennings,born in Ireland in 1815-1819. His mother was Rose Murray, his father was William Jennings. He lived with his mother in Ireland until 1841. He was married in 1841 in Lancaster,Lancashire England to Alice Knowles who was a descendant to the Parrs of England. He departed from Liverpool to NYC on the Brig Morgan and arrived in NYC in April of 1842. He stayed in NYC until 1850 and had 3 children, MaryAnn,Theobald, and Richard.
Michael was a follower of Father Theobald Matthew and also an abolitionist. He became a friend to Garrett Smith who wanted to free the slaves. Garrett was a rich man and political and he started the UnderGround Railroad. As slaves were going to upperstate NY the plan didn't go far enough north so it was rerouted to Ontario. Also, land was vacated in NY state and Garret Smith sold parcels to the Irish, including Michael in Franklin County,NY. Michael headed South with his family, first to Michigan, where his last daughter Sarah was born. He went on to Chicago and then to Lake County and finally to Evanston, IL.where I was born. Michael started a freight business with his sons and was an entrprenour. I WOULD LOVE TO KNOW HIS IRISH HISTORY,Marilyn
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Comic-Con gets early look at 'Godzilla' footage
SAN DIEGO (AP) — Exploding airplanes, flattened trains, massive missiles and even more massive monsters greeted Comic-Con fans Saturday morning.
Stars Bryan Cranston, Elizabeth Olson and Aaron Taylor-Johnson joined director Gareth Edwards to offer a look at early footage from "Godzilla," which hits theaters next spring.
Warner Bros. first announced the film at Comic-Con last year, and Edwards said shooting just wrapped days before this year's pop-culture convention.
The footage showed Godzilla battling another giant monster, nearly decimating an airport and sending cities into chaos.
Edwards said he wanted to make this film "all my life" and hoped to make "a modern-day blockbuster that has heart and soul and is slightly artistic also."
The film is set for release in May, 2014.


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Former Executive Chairman and CEO, Yum! Brands and Author, Taking People With You and O Great One!
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Former Executive Chairman and CEO of the largest restaurant organization in the world, David Novak shares his recipe for success—a passionate belief in great leadership, empowering people and building effective teams.
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Are you a tea company interested in sponsoring tea at a geeky kink event?
if you would be interested in sponsoring http://thegeekykinkevent.tumblr.com/ please drop a line (private message is OK too) – at price, free tea, whatever you want to offer up
there is an attempt to setup tea flights to introduce people to tea, as well as a tea and coffee shop
Are you on fetlife? There's a tea group on their it's not that active but there might be someone there with some connections.
I looked at this site when you posted it on Facebook, and honestly, I can't find anyplace that clearly outlines exactly what we would be sponsoring. Would like to know more about the event, what sort of publicity we would get and what sort of attendance you are expecting.
Sorry there wasn't any information on the website, usually Jeff (founder) approaches sponsors individually – he has few tea companies he has contacts at so i'm trying to drum some up contacts.
From what i understand there are 3 different events that would involve tea-recommended tea pairings in the restaurant with the meals (which we can sell), tea sample flights and educational sessions (hoping to give away), and a tea and coffee shop (plan to sell to drink there, possibly to bring home as well).
Here is the information i have from Jeff ([email protected]);
You can email him or the vendor team ([email protected]) if you have any specific questions / interest (I know i would LOVE 52 teas to have some teas at the event, esp. if i get to run some of the flights!)
The event expects an attendance of 700-900 attendees, age demographic primarily 25-49 with a reasonable contingent in the 55-65 range; about 25% are likely to be students; the median household income is estimated at $50,000. It's not a large event, but we very strongly believe that the attendees are going to be extremely open-minded and receptive towards interesting and unique products, which is the historical case at most kink events.
All sponsorships are custom; the founder's background is in corporate marketing, and before he went into doing events. What we prefer to do, when possible, is ask people what their marketing objectives are, and create a custom solution designed to try to maximize peoples' actual return on investment for sponsoring us. However, not everyone wants to work that way – on a more basic level, we'd love to have some tea [free, or at price] people can try out at our café, and we'd love to have literature about their tea at the café, and we are thinking about assembling a "book" on our various teas and pastries and having several copies available in the café and restaurant—and if their tea goes over well, the hotel restaurant is strongly likely to consider ordering from them in the future, too.
I think we're looking for free or discounted teas, and would be more than happy to put the 52teas logo/website on all the menus etc. where we list the teas, possibly the schedule / welcome packets?, possibly even on the event boards? the vendor team might be able to offer up more ideas based on your desired exposure/spend.
Tea companies have always been active in sponsoring different events and especially events that are close to education must always be encouraged so that they can utilize and can be handled with different situations in an effective manner. http://www.onlineuaeuniversities.com/online-universities/virtual-university-in-dubai


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Hit the Peak
The first 2-4 weeks after you list your property are critical. Buyers who are actively looking will notice your new listing during this period. After this 2-4 week peak period passes, only buyers who are new to the market will see your house. To "hit the peak," precision pricing is essential for your home to be in peak marketing condition. Testing the market with imprecise pricing can close your window of opportunity prematurely.
Benefits of Precision Market Pricing:
- Faster sale
- Better exposure to agents and buyers
- Better response to advertising
- Attracts higher offers or multiple offers
- More money to seller
- Less risk of market condition changes


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It's difficult enough when an adult is suffering from a long-term medical condition. But when the patient is a child, the emotional strain is far more profound. As a parent, you want the best possible care without depriving your child of the physical, emotional and intellectual development that is so much a part of their formative years.
As Hospital for Special Care, our commitment to treating the individual can make the difference between a child simply recovering, and also developing intellectually and socially. Our pediatric care program has been specifically created to serve medically-complex and medically-fragile infants and children. The Stanley Black & Decker Pediatric Unit is designed for optimum monitoring but, just as important, provides and environment that is nurturing, stimulating and encourages socialization.
While most of the children in our program are technology-dependent and require specialized pulmonary care, our complex pediatric care services cover a wide array of other medical conditions. Services include a developmental pediatrician, pediatric pulmonologist, respiratory therapists, pediatric nutrition, pediatric nurses and certified nursing assistants well as therapeutic recreation and physical, occupational and speech therapists. We also provide case management, social work and educational services, as well as regular on-site consultation by an array of pediatric sub specialists.
Because there is nothing more important to a child than knowing their family is there for them, we keep family members intimately involved in the care process. Together, we formulate and agree to treatment and therapy plans.
[1] http://hfsc.org/sites/default/files/fact_sheets/Pediatrics.pdf


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Find hotels & motels in Brookville using the list below. Find discounted hotel accommodations in or close to Brookville, IN for your personal leisure or group travel. Discover the most favored Brookville Indiana hotel/motel rooms. Review the Brookville hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Brookville hotels.
The Brookville center point is around 12 miles northwest of 1913 The Heartland Barn and 15 miles west of Mc Cullough Hyde Memorial Hospital.
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You are in [Themes] [Markets and Fairs]
Hungerford has developed from its earliest days as a market town, supplying the needs of the local residents and those of adjacent villages.
The earliest record of a market in Hungerford was in 1248, and later records show that there were two fairs, and three annual markets, for cattle, for wool, and for sheep. There are frequent references to the associated occupations of tanners, saddlers, fellmongers (dealing with fleeces and hides), mercers, dyers and weavers.
This article is split into a number of sections:
- The early town and first market
- The annual St Lawrence fair in August
- The Market stalls and Stall holders
- The market and fairs in the 18th and 19th centuries
Some of Hungerford's historic fairs:
- Weekly Wednesday market (and in Corn Exchange)
- Annual Spring Cattle fair - last Wednesday in April (or May)
- Annual Summer Wool fair - last week in June
- Annual St Lawrence Statute (hiring) fair - 10 August
- Sheep fair - 17 August
- Statute (hiring) fair - Wednesday before 10 October
- Statute (hiring) fair - Wednesday after 10 October
Photo Gallery:
- Hungerford Market, June 2009
- Hungerford Tolls Record, 1890-1956
- Hungerford Tolls Tarriff, 1890
- First page of Hungerford Tolls Record, 1890
- Street market outside the Town Hall, c1910
- Hungerford Fair, 2nd October 1950 showing Edwards' Golden Gallopers. Both before and after the Second World War the well known Swindon showman, Robert Edwards, who always claimed to have been born in (a caravan in) Hungerford High Street, regularly brought his gallopers to Hungerford and other local towns. His first roundabout had been bought second-hand in 1916 for eighty sovereigns! When this photograph from 1950 was taken they had brought 'Chariot Racer', 'Arcade', 'Joy Cars' as well as 'Shooter' and other supporting side stalls. They were a great attraction, nearly filling the High Street.
- Stop me and Buy One, 1938. Bill Watts is seen here with his T. Wall & Sons Ltd. "Stop me and Buy One" tricycle. The photograph is taken in the market place, where Edwards' 'Monte Carlo Rally' ride was erected for the fair. You can just see that the front of the ride is over the white line – a necessity because the ride had to be built around the lime tree. It must have been the only fairground ride in the country with a tree growing out of the centre!
- Hungerford Market, Apr 2009
The early town and first market:
Whilst the original vill of Hungerford developed around the church and the area now know as The Croft, a new medieval planned town was laid out, sometime between 1120 and 1250. (For more on the new town layout, see the Manorial History section).
The new town was established around the north-south (Oxford to Salisbury) road (now High Street), and the much older east-west road (now Park Street and Church Street). At the intersection of these two roads, a market, and market cross were set up.
In the 12th century markets sprung up throughout the kingdom, and local merchants benefited from the protection afforded by the lords, and the weekly market brought in locals from the surrounding villages.
The earliest record of a market in Hungerford was in 1248, in the time of king Henry III, when it was mentioned in a court case.
The case is recorded in the Berkshire Eyre (the King's court of itinerant justices) (MT Clancy, The Berkshire Eyre of 1248, Selden Society, vol 90, 1973, p 27). William, son of Henry, is alleged to have dug two dikes (fossa) in Shefford, which impeded Geoffrey of Oakhanger from going to Hungerford market as conveniently as he had been wont to. Geoffrey clearly regarded such an obstruction to his market-going as a serious matter, and so did the justices, who ordered the dikes to be destroyed and awarded Geoffrey damages. This illustrates the importance of the Hungerford market to villagers in Shefford.
Two members of the jury of this Eyre, who came from Hungerford, were named Mercator, (i.e. Merchant). This was a period in history when names were occupations and occupations became names, so clearly the merchant influence was strong even in such an otherwise basically rural society. Wealthy merchants may have travelled some considerable distance to do business or even settle in such a thriving small market town. In his history The Jews of Oxford (Oxford Historical Society, new series IX, 1951) Cecile Roth describes this enterprising community as extending its activities along the Thames and Kennet valleys, and quotes instances of these Oxford traders in Hungerford in 1244 and 1253. Indeed, in 1278 there is a reference in the Close Rolls (Chancery Records, C54 Close Rolls, 1278) to one of them as a local man 'Meyr de Hongreford'.
The weekly market in Hungerford appears always to have been held on Wednesdays.
In 1296, in the reign of Edward I, an inquisition post mortem shows that the tolls of the market belonged to the Earl of Lancaster, overlord of the manor of Hungerford (Victoria County History, Berkshire, iv p187).
In 1341 these market tolls were estimated by local jurors to the markets of the township were worth 40 shillings per annum. By 1394, however, their value had dropped to 23s 10½d. (TNA DL29/683/11061)
The annual St Lawrence fair in August:
By 1361 an annual fair in August was established on the feast day of St Lawrence (10th Aug), patron saint of the parish church. The tolls for this annual fair also went to the lord of the manor (TNA, Chan Inq pm Ed III pt 1, 122).
It was in 1361 that Maud (of Lancaster) inherited the huge Lancastrian estates, but she herself died childless the following year, on 10 Apr 1362. The Lancastrian estates passed to her sister Blanche, who was married to Edward III's fourth son, John of Gaunt, who was thus, at the age of 22 years, created 2nd Duke of Lancaster. John of Gaunt is reputed to have granted so many rights and privileges to the inhabitants of Hungerford, although firm evidence of this in the form of written charters was said to have been lost.
The importance of the local fishing rights has been much emphasised, but perhaps just as important were the rights to market tolls. In the Ministers' Accounts of 1431/2 and again in 1487/8 the townsmen had to reiterate their claims to exemption from rendering market tolls to the Duchy of Lancaster, 'inasmuch as they allege themselves excused by charter' (TNA DL29/691/11193, DL29/728/11981). By 1487/8 it was not so much the market toll receipts which concerned the townsmen but the wider freedom which the lost charter had given them.
The Market Cross:
The centre of the market was marked by a cross (also called the "high cross" or the "holy cross").
At some date a market house (also called the "Cross House" and "Court House") was erected there and this was where the tolls were collected.
The soil of the roadway where the tolls were collected belonged to the lord and therefore a rent was payable to him for this particular use. In the Ministers' Accounts for 1431/2 (and subsequently) an item shows 1d rent paid to the lord from 'the site of the Cross in the middle of the market there' (TNA DL 29/728/11981).
The market stalls and stall holders:
Around the Cross house and along both sides of the wide High Street, both to the north and to the south of the cross, were the market stalls and stall holders. The remaining records of these, containing reference to empty and abandoned stalls, suggests that they date from a period when the market was no longer in its heyday.
In 1431 the list was as follows (TNA DL 29/683/11061):
- a group of 3 stalls leased by the tanners,
- one stall leased to Richard Bocher,
- 3 stalls 'demised to divers men for market days',
- one vacant site demised for a stall to be built thereon,
- one stall 'of new rent' demised to Robert Fisher,
- one stall to John Baron, butcher,
- one to Thomas Knoll,
- one to Ralph Draper,
- one to Will Home and another plot or site,
- one stall to John Draper,
- an empty site demised to William Webbe 'lying opposite the tenement of John Blache on the west side, for making of one stall',
- one empty stall site to John Smith,
- another empty plot for a stall 'opposite the tenement of the rector',
- one site to John Wamewell,
- one plot of ground in the market to Walter Wygmore,
- another to William Wynde,
- a plot for a stall to Ralph Tanner,
- a stall to Simon Wygmore 'next to the stall of Walter Wygmore'.
This is a total of 14 stalls and 9 sites. Rents for individual stallholders were 4d, except for Robert Fisher and Walter Wygmore whose rent in each case was 6d. Stalls varied in size from 8 feet x 3 feet to 10 feet x 8 feet. Although the sites 'for a stall to be built thereon' suggest that the market was in a period of expansion, some of the sites may have been granted some time previously and remained undeveloped. This is suggested by the fact that some stalls still standing may have been abandoned, for the section of the accounts which deals with 'decayed' (uncollectable) rents includes a separate entry for the 3 stalls in the market place next to the Cross (the rent corresponds to that for the 3 stalls 'demised to divers men for market days') and also for the stall of Robert Fisher.
Stalls at first are likely to have been temporary structures - the word used for them 'shamell' meaning literally a 'bench'. It is possible that later references in the accounts to 'stalls' may refer to more permanent structures, whereas 'sites' may indicate removable stalls. Thus, for example, in 1431/2 Richard Bocher has 'one stall of new building' and Walter Webbe is granted a site 'for one stall to be built thereon.' The quit rent paid, of course, was for the site rather than for the stall itself. Where a stall prospered in business, year after year, there would be an inevitable tendency to erect a more permanent structure and to set up booths or to convert a street-facing room in a house into a shop. Thomas Dighton's 'little shop standing in the street' in 1573 is very likely a late relic of these booths (BRO H/M5).
More on the leases of market stalls:
The Accounts also provide a record of the dates on which the leases were granted (usually to last for a term of lives). The earliest of the leases thus granted or regranted in 1431 would seem to have been Richard Bocher's in 1395. Later accounts show that the holdings might continue within a family for several generations. In such cases the name of the original holder remains in the series of accounts. Thus as late as 1509/10 some of the 1431 rental names still appear, even though circa 1470 their stalls were said to be 'in decay'. Where there are stall-holding changes, these are to new holders of different surnames, and such changes indicate a 'tenable' stall rather than one 'in decay'. Most stalls still paid a uniform annual rent of 4d, but exceptions to this were the three stalls near the market cross let to 'diverse men' (a total rent of 16d) and the stalls of the tanners (3s 6d).
More from the Duchy of Lancaster rentals and surveys:
In a town rental c1470 there is an entry of 1d 'per domo Sti. Crucis in medio vill', or 'for the house of the Holy Cross in the town centre' (TNA DL 43/1/4).
The same rental contains two lists, one of 'tenable' stalls, another of stalls 'in decay'. By this date the number of tenable stalls has been reduced to seven and the number of stalls in decay has increased to eleven. Whatever the state of the market in 1431, clearly it had been in decline since that date.
In 1487 John Gunter made a return of the profits derived from the manor, when the townsmen alleged that they were excused by charter from paying anything to the crown on account of the market tolls" (VCH p187). The actual wording is "from the outgoings or profits of diverse grains issuing from the tolls there collected in this year through the market days , they do not render anything inasmuch as nothing of this kind has happened within the time of this account and inasmuch as they allege themselves excused by charter". (Berks RO DL29/691/11193).
A survey by the Duchy of Lancaster of 1543/4 referred to the "Courte House" as being "ruinous and utterly dekeyed".During the "Charters Case" in 1573 , mention was again made of the "weakness of the building", and in 1598 it was said to have been "but meanly repaired".
The next town rental in 1552 (TNA DL 42/108 f 91) continues to list seven stalls, two held by Nicholas Baker, two by the farmer of the lands of a newly dissolved priory, one by a chantry and two by John Aley.
By the reign of Edward VI (1547-1553) the Cross House may have been nearing the end of its useful existence. It was then still leased, "in the tenure of Roger Tuggy" at a rent of 4 shillings per annum (TNA E 36/258 f 148).
Within a year of that date, another document refers to 'lez Standynges' in the town market place, of which one tenement called the Cross House was assessed at 7s 4d rent, but because of its decay this rent was reduced by 3s 4d (TNA DL 29/7231/11779). In 1552 a town survey lists the Cross House at its usual quit rent of 1d; in 1591 it was leased by Philip Seimor at a rent of 20d p.a. with a quit rent raised to 2d (TNA DL 42/117).
In the 1573 town rental there are no references to stalls, nor are there in any subsequent survey. This does not mean that the market had ceased but probably reflects the stalemate in town and manorial administrative relations which followed the loss of the town 'charters'.
The traders' occupations:
Ministers' Accounts do not usually record the occupations of the stall holders, though we have reference to (anonymous) tanners and to John Baron the 'bocher' (or butcher), whose stall had previously been held by John Bocher ("John the butcher").
Indeed the surnames of the 1431 stall holders may give us a fair indication of some of the trades flourishing - fisher, butcher, draper, weaver (Webbe), tanner are among them.
One of the most interesting entries is that which relates to 'le travers' - a word which would seem to mean 'the workshop'. It is first found in a manorial court roll for 1480 (DL 29/683/11061) where it is recorded that Thomas Bukland alias Smith paid 2d. quit rent for a 'travers' 8 foot by 3 foot in the High Street for shoeing horses (ad equos ferrandum). The site was 'facing the lord's hospice' and had been granted to Thomas in 1466. In 1552 this was one of Nicholas Baker's two stalls.
The 1573 town hall:
In 1573 a new Elizabethan Town Hall was built at the local townsmen's expense: "The town and whole parish of Hungerford have at their own cost builded an house with shop under called the Town Hall, wherein the Queen's courts and law days are kept and there is also the prison kept [there].".
Around the Town Hall stood the usual pillory, stocks and whipping-post. A ducking-stool was also kept there.
Nearby was a market house for corn, and another for butter and cheese. "There is also near adjoining unto the said Town Hall one market house for corn, with a loft over the same, from which there is paid yearly quit-rent to the King 2d.; and not far distant from the same there hath been builded the market house for butter, cheese and other commodities."
There seems little doubt that the market house was the old Cross House, let to Philip Seimor in 1591. Whether the upper chamber of this served also as the old Court House which the new town hall had replaced, is not clear. There was a shop "under the same Hall, and also two prisons thereunto adjoining for the punishment of malefactors. Not far distant from the same town hall there hath been builded the market house for butter, cheese and other commodities."
At a later date.the "Market House" was privately owned by Sir Richard Hawkins, a London Alderman. It was bought from his executors after his death in 1688, the same year that Prince William of Orange came to The Bear.
The market and fairs in the 18th and 19th centuries:
Hungerford's market did not cease to exist after the Middle Ages, but its nature changed in that instead of being the most important single economic activity, the drive behind all the others, it became more of a supplement to other activities - instances for example of tanning, fulling, dyeing, brewing, fishing, sheep-farming frequently occur - most of which could sustain themselves even without the market's added benefits.
In the early seventeenth century, once the town achieved settlement of its long-disputed borough status (see The Case of the Missing Charters) the market enjoyed a notable resurgence.
The Annual Spring Cattle Market:
The Constables' Accounts of 1789 state: "The first Great Markett on ye Second Wednesday in May was on ye 9th day of ye same month in ye year 1739 - Thos Woodroffe, Constable.
Mr Thos Robinson ye first man that sold any cattle in ye Markett which was two heifers for a man of Kintbury."
The new Town Hall, 1786:
A new town hall was built in the market place in 1786. The 1796 Berkshire Directory that Hungerford "has a weekly market every Wednesday, for corn, pigs, and butcher's meat; and a statute fair on the 10th of August, and one for cattle the last Wednesday in April, when there is a decent shew. Here is a good market-house and shambles."
It seems that trade in the old Town Hall was not always as brisk as might have been hoped. The Newbury Weekly News reported (in its very first edition, on 7 Feb 1867, that at Hungerford the previous day...
"The attendance at to-day's market was not large. The quantity of wheat was small, the trade for which was very quiet at Monday's reduction of prices. Barley, of this we had a considerable supply, both of weathered and fine samples, trade for which was by no means brisk, and cheaper than last week. Oats, beans, and peas were in short supply at late rates. The following are the prices: Wheat 60s to 68s; Barley 31s to 50s; Oats 21s to 28s; Beans 42s to 48s; Peas 40s to 46s; Bread 8d the 4lb loaf; Flour, per sack, 50s."
The present-day Town Hall and Corn Exchange building was opened in 1871. Follow this for more on the Town Halls.
The importance of sheep:
It is hard to overstate the important place that sheep held in the British economy until quite modern times. It has been estimated that in 1500 the human population of England was no more than 3 million - but there were 8 million sheep.
Wool was needed for everything from blankets to clothes, and only the very rich could afford such expensive alternatives such as linen or silk. There are many large and important "wool" churches - largely paid for by the wool and cloth trade - including St. Nicholas' in Newbury.
One of the largest sheep fairs in the country was held at East Ilsley, where up to 80,000 sheep could be brought to market on a single day, from as far away as the Salisbury Plain.
Hungerford's Annual Summer Wool Fair:
In 1873 the Hungerford Wool fair was held on 25th June "at the Corn Exchange, and was very well attended by buyers and dealers. The number of sheets pitched was 263, 24 more than last year. The prices realised were not so good as last year by about 10s; being for Mixed, 43s to 44s; Tegs, 46s to 48s; Ewes, 42s to 43s." At the Wool Fair on 1st July 1874, the number of Tods pitched was 2738, 136 more then the previous year. In 1876, only 1854 tods of wool were brought to the Corn Exchange. They were sold for 33s to 35s, despite being in good condition.
The Parish Magazine of September 1874 records an exceptional Sheep Fair on the Downs on 17th August. In 1872 there had been 1300 sheep; in 1873, 3,500 sheep, but in 1874 there were 6,600 sheep - a remarkable increase. In 1875 there were about 5,000 sheep penned.
An entry in the September 1881 edition of the Parish Magazine states: "Our annual Sheep fair was held on the Downs on Wednesday August 17. The supply was unusually good, and the number of sheep brought to the Fair being not much short of seven thousand. Most of the sheep were of excellent quality and fetched better prices than at previous fairs. Lambs sold at 30s to 40s per head; one lot at 48s. Sheep generally fetched 40s to 50s per head." [A Tod is an English unit of weight, chiefly for wool, commonly equal to 28 pounds (12.7 kilograms) but varying locally.]
The 1891 Kelly directory lists: "Two statute or hiring fairs are annually held in the Market Place, one on the Wednesday before and the other on the Wednesday after old Michaelmas Day [10th or 11th October]; there are also fairs held the last Wednesday in April for cattle, the last week in June for wool and August 17th for sheep."
Michaelmas Day, on 29th September, is the Feast of St Michael the Archangel. It marks the end of the farming year. Traditionally it was the time when houses and land changes hands, and farm workers and domestic servants were hired for the coming year. Goose fairs and sheep sales were held on this day for hundreds of years, and in various parts of the country Michaelmas Day is still known as Goose Day.
In Marlborough two Mop Fairs (or Hiring Fairs) are still held either side of 11th October. Farm workers, labourers, servants and some craftsmen would work for their employer from October to October. At the end of the employment they would attend the Mop Fair dressed in their Sunday best clothes and carrying an item signifying their trade. A servant with no particular skills would carry a mop head - hence the phrase Mop Fair.
Employers would move amongst them discussing experience and terms, once agreement was reached the employer would give the employee a small token of money and the employee would remove the item signifying their trade and wear bright ribbons to indicate they had been hired. They would then spend the token amongst the stalls set up at the fair which would be selling food and drink and offering games to play.
Michaelmas Day:
Michaelmas Day is celebrated on 29th September but Mop Fairs were tied to the seasons and the harvest, not the calendar. When the Gregorian calendar was adopted in 1752 and eleven days dropped from that year events associated with the end of the harvest moved eleven days later to 10th October. This date is known as "Old Michaelmas Day" and since 1752 has been the date Mop Fairs take place.
Whilst most hiring fairs (or "mop" fairs) were held around Old Michaelmas Day, some were held in anticipation of Candlemas Day (2nd February), when yearly contracts were entered into.
The 1911 and 1916 Cosburn's Directories state that the "Corn Exchange is open for business on Wednesdays from 12.30 till 3.30".
By 1920, Kelly Directory reports "The Market day is Wednesday, and a pitched market is established in the Corn Exchange." The two statute fairs are still held annually, as are the wool fair in the last week of June and the 17th August sheep fair.
By 1939 (Blacket's Directory) says that the weekly Wednesday market is for "Eggs, etc.". The "Corn Exchange is open for business every Wednesday from 12 till 2pm. Clerk of the market, S.F. Bushnell."
The Wednesday market rises again:
After a lapse of about 50 years, the Wednesday street market was restarted in 1983. See "Trustees agree to Hungerford street market", NWN 21 Apr 1983, "Market returns after 50 years", NWN 14 Jul 1983 and "Market begins trading again after 50 years", NWN, 21 Jul 1983.
This move was not universally popular, however, and it appeared in Feb 1986 that the market may close. See "Street market closure likely at Hungerford", NWN 2 Feb 1986.
Nowadays the only remaining market is the weekly market held on Wednesdays and a seasonal Farmers' Market on Sundays. The Farmers' Market celebrated its 6th birthday in May 2012 (see NWN "Big 6 celebration for farmers' market", 31 May 2012).
See also:
- "Hungerford's Market in the Middle Ages", by Norman Hidden (reprinted in Berkshire Old and New, Vol 15, from which parts of this article derive).
- Parish Magazines


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Brenda Song: 'Scandal' Set Pic!
Brenda Song is all smiles in this new pic from the set of ABC's Scandal.
"The real Brenda Song in the makeup trailer today with her fabulous makeup artist!" the makeup department for the show tweeted.
The 24-year-old actress will next be seen in next week's episode "Spies Like Us," airing @ 10PM ET/PT on ABC.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Brenda Song
Brenda is also pictured below returning to her car from the gym on Tuesday afternoon (November 6) in Studio City, Calif.
WILL YOU BE watching Scandal next week?
10+ pics inside of Brenda Song…
Posted to: Brenda Song


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Leonardo DiCaprio To Play Jay Gatsby?
Leonardo DiCaprio is rumored to be up for the lead in the big screen adaptation of The Great Gatsby.
The 35-year-old Inception star would play Jay Gatsby from the classic F. Scott Fitzgerald novel about life during the roaring 20s, Production Weekly reports on its Twitter page.
Amanda Seyfried has reportedly been considered for the role of Daisy Buchanan, while Tobey Maguire would play Nick Carraway.
Australian director Baz Luhrmann (Moulin Rouge, Romeo + Juliet) is deciding whether to work on the period piece or direct a different project.
"I've got the script for both of them and I'm making that decision in four to six weeks, no longer than six weeks," he recently told MTV News.
WHAT DO YOU THINK of Leonardo DiCaprio as Jay Gatsby?


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2 days ago
Season's Greetings from LeagueUnlimited
The team at LeagueUnlimited.com wishes all our readers, contributors and forum members a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.
2010 promises to be bigger and better as LeagueUnlimited.com enters our ninth year of online news and discussion.
Rugby League Live Score Updates will be back when the NRL season kicks off on March 12, but look out for our season previews and coverage of the pre-season matches, starting in January - only a matter of weeks away!
We'll also be keeping you up-to-date with the European Super League, New Zealand Rugby League, Queensland Rugby League and the New South Wales Rugby League as well as national and international news and events from around the globe.
In addition, our regular features will be back including a few new opinion writers to get stuck into. Be sure to add Your 2 Cents and check back later to see your comments published.
On the competitions front, LeagueUnlimited's 'MyTips' Tipping Comp will be back - FREE to enter with some great prizes on offer. Plus the Forum Sevens (writing for fun!) competition will be back in 2010. If you want to be part of the F7s and join a team, just register your interest in the Forum Sevens HQ forum or visit the F7s website at forumsevens.com. In addition, there are a few more competitions in the pipeline... more about that later!
Plus of course, we have the largest rugby league discussion forums online. The Front Row forums are there for your enjoyment 24/7 and will continue to grow into 2010.
A huge thanks to the many volunteers that helped out in 2009. Too many to mention but you know who you are. Without your tireless efforts, there would be no LeagueUnlimited. Plus thanks to you, the reader, for making sure we continue to grow.
As always, we are on the lookout for anyone wanting to be part of LeagueUnlimited.com. If you have any offers, suggestions or think you have what it takes to be part of the team, please don't hesitate to email us at [email protected].
A safe and enjoyable holidays to one and all!
- The LeagueUnlimited.com team THERE IS NO OFF SEASON


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We Are The Champions: Chefs And Celebs Pose With The NBA Finals Larry O'Brien Trophy
As the Miami Heat takes on the San Antonio Spurs for the NBA Finals in Miami Thursday, June 6, the Larry O'Brien trophy made its way into the hands of the industry's finest. From supermodels to superb chefs to superior beatmakers, the golden piece made everyone a winner. Flip through the chip pics above.


text:
Zucchero Patisserie
Designer wedding cakes from award-winning Italian Pâtissier, Massimo Bishop-Scotti
Want to hire Chocolate Sculptures near Ottery St Mary? Get your free personalised quote from eventsense for a Chocolate Sculpture or Chocolate Statue.
Choose suppliers to add to your shortlist by browsing the site. When you're ready we'll send a single enquiry to everyone in your list.


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Gigabyte GA-890GPA-UD3H 890GX Review
The release of the AMD 890GX/SB850 based motherboards is one that many AMD users have anxiously been waiting some time for. There are good reasons beyond just being an AMD Fan-boy. The new 890GX/SB850 will be the replacement for the 790GX chipset and come with advancements such as support SATA 3.0 and have an integrated HD 4290 graphics processor, which is AMD's fastest to date. This new chipset will also include USB 3.0, which is not supported by the chipset, but instead is utilized by an on-board NEC chip. With all these new technologies entering the AMD market, it is easy to see why this board has been one to watch, but when you add support for AMD's upcoming Six Core processors, the reasoning behind this anticipation becomes more clear. Along with all the features already listed, you will also get tried and true technologies such as CrossFireX, DDR 3 memory and support for all current AM3 based processors. With so much technology in one package, this board will be an extremely versatile product, making it a good fit across a very large portion of computer users worldwide. The 890GX motherboard we are going to be looking at today is the Gigabyte GA-890GPA-UD3H. For those familiar with Gigabyte, certain features have become ubiquitous like their Ultra Durable 3 design that has 2-oz copper PCB, heatpipe cooling, dual BIOS, and the blue with white color scheme will also be very familiar. These features, that are unique to Gigabyte, have always made for high quality products. When you combine these with the new integrated technologies and support for upcoming processors, it makes for one exciting release!
Closer Look:
As with most Gigabyte products, the packaging for the 890GPA-UD3H comes with a wealth of information about the motherboard. Most of the packaging is white with colorful wording and contains pictures that arebeing used to inform the consumer of the included technologies. On the front, the largest of images showcasing the features describes the use of 'three' throughout the board. This is referring to on-board acceleration, features that will increase the USB 3.0 power by threefold, and also to SATA 3.0. Below this image Gigabyte lists the socket type, supported processors, memory support as well as other features of the board. The back side of the packaging lists many of the same features as the front, but goes more into detail of how these features and technologies are implemented and how using them is beneficial to you.
Opening the box, you find the accessories sitting on top of a white cardboard insert. The accessories consist of a rear I/O shield, two SATA cables, one IDE cable, a manual, an installation guide, a drivers disk, and a small Dolby Digital sticker. Once the accessories and insert are out, you have access to the motherboard, which comes wrapped in an anti-static bag and is laying on a layer protective foam padding.
With the board out of the box, we can start to get a closer look at what the new AMD 890GX/SB750 chipset is really about.


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Difference between revisions of "Flower Power"
m (→Speculation)
(→Known Florists: Florists introduced)
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==Known Florists==
==Known Florists==
Florists[http://www.erfworld.com/wiki/index.php/Word_of_the_Titans#5145] have been introduced as such. <br>
Revision as of 01:43, 26 November 2009
|Flower Power
Proposed Canon
Flower Power is one of the three disciplines of the Magic class Hippiemancy; it is aligned with the axis of Erf.Erf-b1-p038a A practitioner of Flower Power is known as a Florist.WoT-5145
- As of yet Unknown.
Known Florists
Florists[1] have been introduced as such. [2]
Flower Power may have the ability to prevent or stall a conflict.Erf-b1-p013 It may also directly affect plant life. When we first see Sizemore and Janis, they are sitting next to a giant flower. Might Janis have grown that flower to its huge size during Sizemore's lesson? If Flower Power allows casters to quickly grow giant plants, then they could prevent conflicts by growing barriers of giant plants between conflicting sides.
Sizemore mentions that "in the presence of so much Flower Power, time perception sort of crumbles". The Hippiemancers call it "Flaking".Erf-b1-p011
To speculate on Flower Power, let's note that there are few references at this time, but we may infer certain aspects from its sister Classes and Disciplines and the evidence we have. Flower Power is the confluence of Life, Matter, and Erf, Classes and Axis respectively, which places it in the Discipline of Hippiemancy. (It may be worth noting, Flower Power might also be defined by the absence of Motion from its Classes.) The use of magic in other Disciplines of Erf are well known to Erfworld fans, such as Dirtamancy, Lookamancy, and on at least one explosive occasion, Shockmancy. The Erf Axis schools for their Disciplines appear to be strongly physically based as might be inferred from the Erf Axis. In this way, Flower Power might also be physically grounded in Erf for the Hippiemancy Discipline. As it is related to the confluence of Life and Matter, this may place its effects on physical environment (matter) which is experienced by Erf beings (life) (like Gaia in the real word.) For example, Flower Power Flaking appears to impact the experience of time. In the one example we have, this effect was experienced as physical time dilation [3] in a localized space within a single hex and not by beings outside of that space, however, for you Signamancers out there it would appear Flower Power's sister Discipline in Erf, Turnamancy, may be required to impact turn-based time between hexes or perhaps sides. Based on visual references and the deference of Janis, Grand Abbie, to the plight of others, Flower Power may stress communitarian/egalitarian values which it may share with its fellow Hippiemany Discipline's Signamancy and Date-a-mancy. Looking for inferences into Flower Power from it's sister Disciplines, Signamancy and Date-a-Mancy does not provide much additional evidence at this time as they too are not locked in much Canon. With their confluence of Life and Matter and their absence of Motion Classes, it may be that within Hippiemancy Flower Power (Erf) might influence the environment/nature (space), Signamancy [4] (Fate) might influence perspective/insight (vision), and Date-a-mancy [5] (Numbers) might influence synchronicity (time in meaningful events, or put another way, the inverse of meaningful events in time).
Suspected Florists
- JanisErf-b1-p011 -- likely named after Janis Joplin, a Hippie singer and artist
Real World References
"Flower Power" was a slogan used by the 1960's-70's peace movement whose practitioners were known as Hippies. They worked to end the war in Vietnam, fought racial injustice, and attempted to revolutionize the American way of life. Their ideology included non-violent protest and passive interference with authority. Their clothing was usually vibrant, and they were frequently associated with drug use, psychedelic music and art, and social permissiveness. Their personal artwork (rather than the work of the professional artists associated with the cause) often featured simple, colorful floral designs, which appeared on their clothes and vehicles. Flowers were a significant symbol during their peace protests. For instance, hippies would place flowers in the muzzles of guns carried by National Guardsmen (sent to maintain order at various gathering places of the movement) demonstrating their own non-violence and hoping to sway the young men into ignoring any orders to use their weapons. Tragically, it didn't always work: at least two incidents of US National Guardsmen shooting hippies occurred. Flower Power died with the Hippie movement, absorbed or destroyed by other sub-cultural movements, and with the ending of the War in Vietnam disappeared quickly. The participants had matured into adults with responsibilities, their most serious causes had been eliminated, and they had discovered the self-destructive and addictive qualities of their philosophical ideals had taken a toll on their lives and well-being. The Hippie movement remains one of the most respected revolutionary movements for its lack of violence (perhaps exceeded only by Gandhi's success in India, on which the Hippie movement may have been modeled), thanks in part to its success in both the anti-War and racial arenas.


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Engelke finds great success as PR pro Making a difference with Feed the Children
By Kaylan Watkins, Courtesy of The Talon
A former Oklahoma Christian University student has achieved great success in the Oklahoma City business world.
Erin Engelke graduated from Oklahoma Christian in 2000 with a degree in public relations and advertising.
"When I graduated I had this very clear goal to climb the corporate ladder," Engelke said. "About six years in, I realized that was actually not where my heart was. I wanted to use the skills that God has given me in a way that furthers my world, and not just in a financial way."
She is now the vice president of communications and public relations for Feed the Children in Oklahoma City. Prior to holding this position, Engelke was the vice president of marketing and communications for World Neighbors.
"One of the awesome things about Feed the Children is that we have so much going on," Engelke said. "From the moment I walk in the door to the moment I walk out the door, I am running."
Engelke was recently honored by okcbiz.com when a panel of local executives chose this year's "Top 40 Under 40."
"Receiving awards is always so humbling," Engelke said. "You never think you are worthy of that recognition. You are alongside people who have done amazing things in their careers … I feel really, really blessed to be where I am.
Mercedes Rosenthal, a senior communications major at Oklahoma Christian, first came into contact with Engelke through PRSSA.
"Dr. (Josh) Watson gave me her contact information and told me how valuable of a mentor she could be for students in the communication department," Rosenthal said. "Career-wise, students can learn a lot from her. The way she handles her personal life, faith and career is very impressive."
As a student about to graduate into the same career field, Rosenthal views Engelke as an ideal mentor.
"When we keep in mind that we are working for God, it is easier to enjoy our jobs and be a blessing to everyone we work with," Rosenthal said. "When I heard Erin speak about her job at Feed the Children, I knew she was doing just that. She knows that her ultimate goal is to work for the Lord and accomplish her work for his kingdom."
In her position at Feed the Children, Engelke wears many different hats.
"My team oversees the reputation of Feed the Children," Engelke said. "I manage all communication efforts, which extends to the international programs as well."
On any given day, Engelke finds herself tasked with managing special events, messaging, handling sensitive phone calls and complaints, media relations, managing internal communications, speaking engagements and community relations, among many other things.
"There is definitely a lot of energy to it and I thoroughly enjoy that," Engelke said. "I love getting to see our work come to fruition and resonating both with our internal audiences as well as our external audiences."
During her time at Oklahoma Christian, Engelke was impacted by two individuals in particular: Philip Patterson, distinguished professor of mass communication, and Larry Jurney, chair and professor of mass communication.
"Dr. Patterson was very intimidating when I first came to OC," Engelke said. "I had this theory that he was trying to weed out the ones who weren't strong enough to withstand the profession."
Engelke had the opportunity to work closely with Patterson when she was on staff with The Talon, first as the features editor and then as the editor-in-chief.
"I developed the largest amount of respect for him," Engelke said. "He challenged me more than any other professor – to think and do things out of the box and to get out of my comfort zone."
Jurney taught Engelke's introductory speech class during her freshman year and eventually became like family to her.
"I moved from Idaho and I didn't know a soul," Engelke said. "In so many ways, Dr. Jurney took myself and my husband under his wing and invited us into his home. He was like family to us when we didn't have family here."
When asked, Jurney clearly recalls having Engelke in class many years ago.
"She has this ability to make everybody feel comfortable around her," Jurney said. "She can talk to anybody and anybody can talk to her and that ability to communicate is incredible."
Brent Pedersen, senior, knows the Engelke family well.
"Erin is a people person," Pedersen said. "She has a heart for people, whether they be friends, family or acquaintances. She greets everyone with a warm and genuine smile. "
Engelke believes that one can learn so much from a book, but at the end of the day it's the real-life, hands-on experiences that stick.
"No particular situation is exactly the same as it is laid out in the book," Engelke said. "That is why I encourage students to experience multiple internships in fields that they might want to work for in the future."
For students looking to break into the career world after graduation, Engelke offers a piece of wisdom. "I would encourage them not to settle," Engelke said. "Take advantage of opportunities even when you think you might not be quite ready for them … you would be surprised to find that you can actually handle more than you think you can. It has so much to do with being confident in yourself."