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Apache Kafka: Next Generation Distributed Messaging System
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Apache Kafka is a distributed publish-subscribe messaging system. It was originally developed at LinkedIn Corporation and later on became a part of Apache project. Kafka is a fast, scalable, distributed in nature by its design, partitioned and replicated commit log service.
Apache Kafka differs from traditional messaging system in:
- It is designed as a distributed system which is very easy to scale out.
- It offers high throughput for both publishing and subscribing.
- It supports multi-subscribers and automatically balances the consumers during failure.
- It persist messages on disk and thus can be used for batched consumption such as ETL, in addition to real time applications.
In this article, I will highlight the architecture points, features and characteristics of Apache Kafka that will help us to understand how Kafka is better than traditional message server.
I will compare the traditional message server RabbitMQ and Apache ActiveMQ characteristics with Kafka and discuss certain scenarios where Kafka is a better solution than traditional message server. In the last section, we will explore a working sample application to showcase Kafka usage as message server. Complete source code of the sample application is available on GitHub. A detailed discussion around sample application is in the last section of this article.
Firstly, I want to introduce the basic concepts of Kafka. Its architecture consists of the following components:
- A stream of messages of a particular type is defined as a topic. A Message is defined as a payload of bytes and a Topic is a category or feed name to which messages are published.
- A Producer can be anyone who can publish messages to a Topic.
- The published messages are then stored at a set of servers called Brokers or Kafka Cluster.
- A Consumer can subscribe to one or more Topics and consume the published Messages by pulling data from the Brokers.
Figure 1: Kafka Producer, Consumer and Broker environment
Producer can choose their favorite serialization method to encode the message content. For efficiency, the producer can send a set of messages in a single publish request. Following code examples shows how to create a Producer to send messages.
Sample producer code:
producer = new Producer(…); message = new Message("test message str".getBytes()); set = new MessageSet(message); producer.send("topic1", set);
For subscribing topic, a consumer first creates one or more message streams for the topic. The messages published to that topic will be evenly distributed into these streams. Each message stream provides an iterator interface over the continual stream of messages being produced. The consumer then iterates over every message in the stream and processes the payload of the message. Unlike traditional iterators, the message stream iterator never terminates. If currently no message is there to consume, the iterator blocks until new messages are published to the topic. Kafka supports both the point-to-point delivery model in which multiple consumers jointly consume a single copy of message in a queue as well as the publish-subscribe model in which multiple consumers retrieve its own copy of the message. Following code examples shows a Consumer to consume messages.
Sample consumer code:
streams[] = Consumer.createMessageStreams("topic1", 1) for (message : streams[0]) { bytes = message.payload(); // do something with the bytes }
The overall architecture of Kafka is shown in Figure 2. Since Kafka is distributed in nature, a Kafka cluster typically consists of multiple brokers. To balance load, a topic is divided into multiple partitions and each broker stores one or more of those partitions. Multiple producers and consumers can publish and retrieve messages at the same time.
Figure 2: Kafka Architecture
Kafka Storage
Kafka has a very simple storage layout. Each partition of a topic corresponds to a logical log. Physically, a log is implemented as a set of segment files of equal sizes. Every time a producer publishes a message to a partition, the broker simply appends the message to the last segment file. Segment file is flushed to disk after configurable numbers of messages have been published or after a certain amount of time elapsed. Messages are exposed to consumer after it gets flushed.
Unlike traditional message system, a message stored in Kafka system doesn't have explicit message ids.
Messages are exposed by the logical offset in the log. This avoids the overhead of maintaining auxiliary, seek-intensive random-access index structures that map the message ids to the actual message locations. Messages ids are incremental but not consecutive. To compute the id of next message adds a length of the current message to its logical offset.
Consumer always consumes messages from a particular partition sequentially and if the consumer acknowledges particular message offset, it implies that the consumer has consumed all prior messages. Consumer issues asynchronous pull request to the broker to have a buffer of bytes ready to consume. Each asynchronous pull request contains the offset of the message to consume. Kafka exploits the sendfile API to efficiently deliver bytes in a log segment file from a broker to a consumer.
Figure 3: Kafka Storage Architecture
Kafka Broker
Unlike other message system, Kafka brokers are stateless. This means that the consumer has to maintain how much it has consumed. Consumer maintains it by itself and broker would not do anything. Such design is very tricky and innovative in itself.
- It is very tricky to delete message from the broker as broker doesn't know whether consumer consumed the message or not. Kafka innovatively solves this problem by using a simple time-based SLA for the retention policy. A message is automatically deleted if it has been retained in the broker longer than a certain period.
- This innovative design has a big benefit, as consumer can deliberately rewind back to an old offset and re-consume data. This violates the common contract of a queue, but proves to be an essential feature for many consumers.
Zookeeper and Kafka
Consider a distributed system with multiple servers, each of which is responsible for holding data and performing operations on that data. Some potential examples are distributed search engine, distributed build system or known system like Apache Hadoop. One common problem with all these distributed systems is how would you determine which servers are alive and operating at any given point of time? Most importantly, how would you do these things reliably in the face of the difficulties of distributed computing such as network failures, bandwidth limitations, variable latency connections, security concerns, and anything else that can go wrong in a networked environment, perhaps even across multiple data centers? These types of questions are the focus of Apache ZooKeeper, which is a fast, highly available, fault tolerant, distributed coordination service. Using ZooKeeper you can build reliable, distributed data structures for group membership, leader election, coordinated workflow, and configuration services, as well as generalized distributed data structures like locks, queues, barriers, and latches. Many well-known and successful projects already rely on ZooKeeper. Just a few of them include HBase, Hadoop 2.0, Solr Cloud, Neo4J, Apache Blur (incubating), and Accumulo.
ZooKeeper is a distributed, hierarchical file system that facilitates loose coupling between clients and provides an eventually consistent view of its znodes, which are like files and directories in a traditional file system. It provides basic operations such as creating, deleting, and checking existence of znodes. It provides an event-driven model in which clients can watch for changes to specific znodes, for example if a new child is added to an existing znode. ZooKeeper achieves high availability by running multiple ZooKeeper servers, called an ensemble, with each server holding an in-memory copy of the distributed file system to service client read requests.
Figure 4: ZooKeeper Ensemble Architecture
Figure 4 above shows typical ZooKeeper ensemble in which one server acting as a leader while the rest are followers. On start of ensemble leader is elected first and all followers replicate their state with leader. All write requests are routed through leader and changes are broadcast to all followers. Change broadcast is termed as atomic broadcast.
Usage of Zookepper in Kafka: As for coordination and facilitation of distributed system ZooKeeper is used, for the same reason Kafka is using it. ZooKeeper is used for managing, coordinating Kafka broker. Each Kafka broker is coordinating with other Kafka brokers using ZooKeeper. Producer and consumer are notified by ZooKeeper service about the presence of new broker in Kafka system or failure of the broker in Kafka system. As per the notification received by the Zookeeper regarding presence or failure of the broker producer and consumer takes decision and start coordinating its work with some other broker. Overall Kafka system architecture is shown below in Figure 5 below.
Figure 5: Overall Kafka architecture as distributed system
Apache Kafka v. other message servers
We'll look at two different projects using Apache Kafka to differentiate from other message servers. These projects are LinkedIn and mine project is as follows:
LinkedIn Study
LinkedIn team conducted an experimental study, comparing the performance of Kafka with Apache ActiveMQ version 5,4 and RabbitMQ version 2.4. They used ActiveMQ's default persistent message store kahadb. LinkedIn ran their experiments on two Linux machines, each with 8 2GHz cores, 16GB of memory, 6 disks with RAID 10. Two machines are connected with a 1GB network link. One of the machines was used as the Broker and the other machine was used as the Producer or the Consumer.
Producer Test
LinkedIn configured the broker in all systems to asynchronously flush messages to its persistence store. For each system, they ran a single Producer to publish a total of 10 million messages, each of 200 bytes. Kafka producer send messages in batches of size 1 and 50. ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ don't seem to have an easy way to batch messages and LinkedIn assumes that it used a batch size of 1. Result graph is shown in Figure 6 below:
Figure 6: Producer performance result of LinkedIn experiment
Few reasons why Kafka output is much better are as follows:
- Kafka producer doesn't wait for acknowledgements from the broker and sends messages as faster as the broker can handle.
- Kafka has a more efficient storage format. On average, each message had an overhead of 9 bytes in Kafka, versus 144 bytes in ActiveMQ. This is because of overhead of heavy message header, required by JMS and overhead of maintaining various indexing structures. LinkedIn observed that one of the busiest threads in ActiveMQ spent most of its time accessing a B-Tree to maintain message metadata and state.
Consumer Test
For consumer test LinkedIn used a single consumer to retrieve a total of 10 million messages. LinkedIn configured all systems so that each pull request should prefetch approximately the same amount data---up to 1,000 messages or about 200KB. For both ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ, LinkedIn set the consumer acknowledgement mode to be automatic. The results are presented in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Consumer performance result of LinkedIn experiment
Few reasons why Kafka output is much better are as follows:
- Kafka has a more efficient storage format; fewer bytes were transferred from the broker to the consumer in Kafka.
- The broker in both ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ containers had to maintain the delivery state of every message. LinkedIn team observed that one of the ActiveMQ threads was busy writing KahaDB pages to disks during this test. In contrast, there were no disk write activities on the Kafka broker. Finally, by using the sendfile API, Kafka reduces the transmission overhead
Currently I am working in a project which provides real-time service that quickly and accurately extracts OTC(over the counter) pricing content from messages. Project is very critical in nature as it deals with financial information of nearly 25 asset classes including Bonds, Loans and ABS(Asset Backed Securities). Project raw information sources cover major financial market areas of Europe, North America, Canada and Latin America. Below are some stats about the project which show how important it is to have an efficient distributed message server as part of the solution:
- 1,300,000+ messages daily
- 12,000,000+OTC prices parsed daily
- 25+ supported asset classes
- 70,000+ unique instruments parsed daily.
Messages contain PDF, Word documents, Excel files and certain other formats. OTC prices are also extracted from the attachments.
Because of the performance limitations of traditional message servers, as message queue becomes large while processing large attachment files, our project was facing serious problems and JMSqueue needed to be started two to three times in a day. Restarting a JMS Queue potentially loses the entire messages in the queue. Project needed a framework which can hold messages irrespective of the parser (consumer) behavior. Kafka features are well suited for the requirements in our project.
Features of the project in current setup:
- Fetchmail utility is used for remote-mail retrieval of messages which are further processed by the usage of Procmail utility filters like separate distribution of attachment based messages.
- Each message is retrieved in a separate file which is processed (read & delete) for insertion as a message in message server.
- Message content is retrieved from message server queue for parsing and information extraction.
Sample Application
Sample application is modified version of the original application which I am using in my project. I have tried to make artifacts of sample application simple by removing the usage of logging and multi-threading features. Intent of sample application is to show how to use Kafka producer and consumer API. Application contains a sample producer (simple producer code to demonstrate Kafka producer API usage and publish messages on a particular topic), sample consumer (simple consumer code to demonstrate Kafka consumer API usage) and message content generation (API to generate message content in a file at a particular file path)API. Below Figure shows the components and their relation with other components in the system.
Figure 8: Sample application architecture components
Sample application has a similar structure of the example application presented in Kafka source code. Source code of the application contains the 'src' java source folder and 'config' folder containing several configuration files and shell scripts for the execution of the sample application. For executing sample application, please follow the instructions mentioned in ReadMe.md file or Wiki page on Github website.
Application code is Apache Maven enabled and is very easy to setup for customization. Several Kafka build scripts are also modified for re-building the sample application code if anyone wants to modify or customize the sample application code. Detailed description about how to customize the sample application is documented in project's Wiki page on GitHub.
Now let's have a look on the core artifacts of the sample application.
/** * Instantiates a new Kafka producer. * * @param topic the topic * @param directoryPath the directory path */ public KafkaMailProducer(String topic, String directoryPath) { props.put("serializer.class", "kafka.serializer.StringEncoder"); props.put("metadata.broker.list", "localhost:9092"); producer = new kafka.javaapi.producer.Producer<Integer, String>(new ProducerConfig(props)); this.topic = topic; this.directoryPath = directoryPath; } public void run() { Path dir = Paths.get(directoryPath); try { new WatchDir(dir).start(); new ReadDir(dir).start(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
Above code snippet has basic Kafka producer API usage like setting up property of the producer i.e. on which topic messages are going to publish, which serializer class we can use and information regarding broker. Basic functionality of the class is to read the email message file from email directory and publish it as a message on Kafka broker. Directory is watched using java.nio.WatchService class and as soon as email message is dumped in to the directory it will be read up and published on Kafka broker as a message.
public KafkaMailConsumer(String topic) { consumer = Kafka.consumer.Consumer.createJavaConsumerConnector(createConsumerConfig()); this.topic = topic; } /** * Creates the consumer config. * * @return the consumer config */ private static ConsumerConfig createConsumerConfig() { Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("zookeeper.connect", KafkaMailProperties.zkConnect); props.put("group.id", KafkaMailProperties.groupId); props.put("zookeeper.session.timeout.ms", "400"); props.put("zookeeper.sync.time.ms", "200"); props.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000"); return new ConsumerConfig(props); } public void run() { Map<String, Integer> topicCountMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); topicCountMap.put(topic, new Integer(1)); Map<String, List<KafkaStream<byte[], byte[]>>> consumerMap = consumer.createMessageStreams(topicCountMap); KafkaStream<byte[], byte[]> stream = consumerMap.get(topic).get(0); ConsumerIterator<byte[], byte[]> it = stream.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) System.out.println(new String(it.next().message())); }
Above code shows basic consumer API. As mentioned above consumer needs to set stream of messages for consumption. In run method this is what we are doing and then printing a consumed message on the console. In my project we are using to feed into the parser system to extract OTC prices.
We using Kafka as the message server currently in our QA system as Proof of Concept (POC) project and the overall performance looks better than JMS message server. One positive feature we are excited about is the re-consumption of messages which enables our parsing system to re-parse certain messages as per the business needs. Based on the positive response of Kafka we are now planning to use it as a log aggregator and analyze logs instead of using Nagios system.
Kafka is a novel system for processing of large chunks of data. Pull-based consumption model of Kafka allows a consumer to consume messages at its own speed. If some exception occurs while consuming the messages, the consumer has always a choice to re-consume the message.
About the Author
Abhishek Sharma is Natural language processing (NLP), machine learning and parser programmer for financial domain products. He works in algorithm designing and parser development for various companies. Abhishek's interest is in distributed systems, natural language processing and big data analytics using machine learning algorithms.
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Thank you.
Richard Clayton
Why the test used old version of RabbitMQ?
Ye James
Re: Why the test used old version of RabbitMQ?
Cameron Purdy
Re: Why the test used old version of RabbitMQ?
alexis richardson
Re: Why the test used old version of RabbitMQ?
Ye James
Thank you for the clarification. Really helped.
Re: Why the test used old version of RabbitMQ?
abhishek sharma
Linkedin has conducted this experimental study in year 2010-2011 and I think so at that time 2.4 version of RabbitMQ was newest one.
I agree with you Kafka is not traditional types message queue. Kafka is however a distributed system for storing continuous information / data in queue form.We can use Kafka as a replacement of traditional message queue framework depending on the requirements. Linkedin started the usage of Kafka as for log processing.
I would like to know the 'special cases' you have mentioned in your comment.
Is delivery guaranteed?
Александр Засикан
As I understand there is no guarantee that brocker recieves message. Am I right?
Re: Is delivery guaranteed?
abhishek sharma
desirable to trade durability for throughput, as long as the number
of dropped messages is relatively small. However, Kafka team is working on this feature and in near future we can see this.
Let me correct a few misconceptions
Jay Kreps
I am one of the committers on Apache Kafka. There are a couple of misconceptions in this thread.
I think part of the problem is that this article is largely taking information from a 2011 paper, hence the old version of RabbitMQ. Some of the technical details are also a bit out of date too.
A better overview of performance would be this write up here:
A better overview of the internals is here:
A few clarifications:
- Kafka sends an acknowledgement for every message. This feature has been around for quite some time now, but wasn't there in the early version of the software described in that paper that this article seems to be based on. So there is a hard guarantee both for when data has been received by the broker and when it has been replicated to other replicas. These guarantees are as strong as any I have seen for any messaging system.
- Alexis and Cameron imply that Kafka is somehow more special purpose than other messaging systems. It would probably be good to expand on how they think this is true (I'm not disagreeing, I'm just not sure what features they think are missing). LinkedIn and a number of other companies use Kafka for all their messaging uses. You can see a list of users here: cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Power...
Re: Let me correct a few misconceptions
abhishek sharma
I have picked a Kafka paper from the URL - cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Kafka.... I guess above mentioned URL is not having recent papers and presentation.
The benchmark result are biased toward persistence store messages
Bar-Gil Dror
Do you have benchmark information for non-persistence messages?
In addition, can you explain why your producers/consumers work through files intermediate rather than sending the serialized message directly?
In general, such architecture generally used where the payload itself is large (as video streaming) and the messages are just the metadata.
I don't see advantage in cases where the message payload is up to 200 bytes (as with Linkedin POC).
Best regards
Re: Why the test used old version of RabbitMQ?
Tuan Quyen Nguyen
"If all the consumer instances have the same consumer group, then this works just like a traditional queue balancing load over the consumers."
However, what I'm experiencing is opposite. I have two consumers, same group, but they act like publish-subscriber, not queuing.
More Advanategs on Apache Kafka
Rahul Amodkar
no different than anything else
Alex Lerner
- your load of 1.3 million messages per day is ridiculously low -- try a million messages per second
- delivering messages to consumer AFTER the messages had been flushed to disk is a possible bottleneck.
Overall, this is not the panacea that everyone makes it out to be. (and I dont work for 29west). I think its popular because its free.
Course on Kafka
Stéphane Maarek


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A day after the Federal Aviation Administration started to furlough some air-traffic controllers to save money because of the budget sequester, delays began to creep into the national airspace. Jack Nicas reports on Lunch Break. Photo: AP Images.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... place a new national airspace system air traffic controllers are full of D C the budget sequester is Tuesday twenty third welcome to lunch break I'm Wendy downs the Wall Street Journal's ... Jack Nicas has been falling sequester impact on the alliance he joins me right now ... Jack mean some some kind of frightening statistics if you're getting ready to traveling time soon saying that ... up to a third daily flights may be affected tell us ... who's being hit right now and how long the delay ... so this morning were seen delays and cancellations continue to pile up ... across the US in some places ... and as the airlines are saying that though what they're seeing in the first two or three days ... of the furloughs air traffic controllers ... the delays in some cases are worse ... and more random than they initially feared ... the people here furloughs sequester blah blah blah blah blah and then all they think is way what is this mean for me why is this happening again ... kudos to retrace the trickle down effect assisting please you can of ... why the sequester is making people not be able to get where they wanna go on time ... shares of the sequester is requiring the FAA to effectively cut ... ten percent out of its budget for the rest of ... our ... new fiscal year here so up until about October they have to cut about six hundred and thirty seven million dollars ... to do that they're saying because so much of their cost of personnel ... they have to furlough just about all of their employees ... for one worked out of every ten ... that means about ten percent cut to the air traffic control staff ... so controller say they're already stretched ... very thin ... on and with these cuts there are ... in order to maintain safety within your travel system ... they're having to cut back and efficiency that means ... by implementing ground stop which means holding ... airplanes with the Rev at the airports ... and in some cases even slowing down aircraft are enroute to airports because they need to now all thats an airplane so they can ... handle the current flow of traffic and pain being pretty widely felt sought the Baltimore Washington five even some ripple effects here in New York area everything from ... twenty two minutes on average is now around fifteen ... minutes in some cases what are the airlines doing some sort of reached out to the customer base because ... and honestly with them with their lives in Nino Kauffman blamed down any that's sort of an actual reaction what are they doing ... to to to to keep everybody happy and and and help him out ... Porter Airlines here for weeks fell they were really a difficult position because ... they were ... very hesitant to ... be proactive in its second cancellations ... or even communicating faster because they didn't want to scare people off ... from booking flights ... I've now been sequesters hitting their having to communicate with them or ... are we seen on the disparity between some airlines ... of how much the communicating how much others are ... up for example ask airlines ... I really came out in force on Sunday ... warning passengers of the possibilities here ... and actually ended up ... having to weigh and several planes because of delays ... in different disruptions in the air travel system ... outside of Los Angeles and bus passengers Intel IX ... ALM so there was a pretty extreme circumstances ... well we got it ... an internal memo from ah another and ... airline executives today ... and out and he saying that they're going after Redbook indication ... of because things are worse than initially feared but ... the problem here is the delays and cancellations disruptions are more random than we feared if you're as well ... they also can't pinpoint exactly where the disruptions are going to be so it's difficult ... to know where to communicate exactly why I think most suburb of Berlin with would come down the side of thinking with more communications always have the


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Civil libertarians are upbeat after an argument in the Supreme Court this week over whether lawyers, activists and academics can challenge the constitutionality of a law authorizing the wiretapping of potential terrorists abroad -- who may be conversing or swapping emails with Americans. The plaintiffs, who carry on confidential conversations with foreign clients and sources, say the law chills them in the exercise of their rights.
As is often the case, the civil liberties groups are pinning their hopes on Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, who has voted with liberals on the court in previous cases arising from the war on terrorism. Kennedy seemed receptive to the plaintiffs' argument that they have standing to sue because they fear that their confidential conversations with sources and clients are being monitored.
"I think the lawyer would engage in malpractice if he talked on the telephone with some of these clients, given this statute," Kennedy told Solicitor General Donald Verrilli. (The statute in question is the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act as amended in 2008.)
But suppose the court did conclude that the plaintiffs had standing to sue? Would the government then have to explain in open court how extensively it is monitoring the international conversations of Americans? Not necessarily. Consider this exchange between Verrilli and Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg:


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Here the food is paired
around the wine
Offering diners a unique experience – one in which the selection of wine and its marriage to food comes first and foremost.
The New American small plate menu focuses on seasonal Ingredients and sustainable seafood.
It has been said that "variety is the spice of life." We at Upstairs 2 are committed to keeping that adage alive and well.


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Family and friends gathered in Blackpool to celebrate the life of illusionist Richard De Vere who died suddenly in Thailand earlier this month.
Entertainers, musicians, dancers and magicians were among those who signed a book of condolence at the memorial held at the Viva Cabaret Bar on Church Street yesterday.
Richard, who died on March 10, aged 46, had been due to launch a new show at the venue.
Poignantly his ashes contained in a silver urn were placed on the stage where he had been due to perform.
Richard's partner Marc Lawlor said he was overwhelmed by the turnout.
He said: "Richard and I were together for 24 years and we did everything together.
"I have lost my best friend and I will never get that back.
"It is a great comfort to see so many of our friends here and the support I have had has been wonderful.
"Richard would have been very proud to see how well thought of he was."
Richard's parents Christopher and Christine Holt travelled from their home in Bolton for the memorial.
The magician, who was cremated in Thailand, died after developing pneumonia and then suffering a massive heart attack.
His faithful canine companion Shnorbitz was also brought along to the event which Richard's close friends Lorraine Matthews and Katrina Meldrum had helped to organise.
Lorraine said: "Richard died abroad but many of his family and friends wanted to say their own goodbye to him and I am absolutely overwhelmed by the response we have had today.
"Richard would have loved it."
Ian Ogilvy, a former president of the Blackpool Magician's Club, said: "Richard had a huge circle of friends and I am very pleased to see so many have turned out today.
"He is absolutely irreplaceable."
Richard joined Blackpool Pleasure Beach in 1995, performing in Mystique for 13 years, and then Beyond Belief.


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AirGroup is a unique enterprise-class capability that leverages zero configuration networking to enable Bonjour® services such as Apple® AirPrint and AirPlay from mobile devices in an efficient manner. Apple AirPlay and AirPrint services are based on the Bonjour protocol are essential services in campus Wi-Fi networks.
Zero configuration networking enables service discovery, address assignment, and name resolution for desktop computers, mobile devices, and network services. It is designed for flat, single-subnet IP networks such as wireless networking at home. Bonjour is the trade name for the zero configuration implementation introduced by Apple. It is supported by most of the Apple product lines, including the Mac OS X operating system, iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, Apple TV, and AirPort Express.
Bonjour can be installed on computers running Microsoft Windows® and is supported by the new network-capable printers. Bonjour is also included with popular software programs such as Apple iTunes, Safari, and iPhoto. Bonjour uses multicast DNS (mDNS) to locate devices and the services offered by these devices. The AirGroup solution supports both wired and wireless devices. Wired devices, which support the Bonjour services are made part of AirGroup when the VLANs of the devices are terminated on the Virtual Controller.
ID de l'article : HOW11412
Date de la dernière modification : 11/17/2017 11:25 AM
Merci pour vos commentaires.


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We use electricity all day, every day, but it can be dangerous. That's why we encourage you to discuss electricity safety with your loved ones. Our safety tips are designed to help you -- and the people you care about -- stay safe.
Any contact with power lines can seriously hurt you or even kill you. Whether you're skimming the pool, helping a child fly a kite, or positioning a ladder against the house, keep everything and everybody far away from overhead lines.
Simple safety practices can help prevent injury. From keeping little fingers out of electrical outlets, to checking power cords for dangers, learn more about how you can help keep your family safe at home.
Are you prepared for an emergency or a power outage? Every household needs a kit containing fresh water, non-perishable food, a manual can opener, coolers for ice, and most important of all, a safety preparedness plan.
Trees add beauty to our communities, and their shade helps keep us cool without turning on the A/C. When branches and foliage grow into or near power lines, though, there are safety risks. So consider safety before you plant – it's important.


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product description
Related Products:
Andrade, Don Carlos
Carbon Steel
Fixed Blade Knives
Artisan Made
Blade Shape - Spear Point
Carbon Steel - 52100
Chef Knives & Santoku
Distal Taper
Finish - Antiqued
Full Tang
Heat Treat - Differential
Wood - Ironwood
Maker: Don Carlos Andrade (click to see more by this maker)
Item num: 91897
*** This is handmade and one-of-a-kind ***Blade length: 6.50 in.Total length: 11.75 in.Blade height (at heel): 1.60 in.Blade thickness (near bolster): 0.08 in.Item weight: 4.10 oz.Shipment weight: 9.95 oz.Blade: Hand forged, differentially heat treated, 52100 carbon steel with a triple quenchBolster: Desert ironwoodHandle: Maple burl with Arizona desert ironwood accents
Description: This exceptional hand forged chef's knife is the creation of California artist Don Carlos Andrade. This light knife is influenced by Japanese knives -- both in construction and balance. The carbon steel blade will have exceptional edge holding, even under heavy use, though carbon steel knives do require slightly more care. We recommend using camellia oil after use to avoid rust.
The antiqued blade was forged to shape from 52100 carbon steel, arguably the very best steel for use in kitchen knives due to its toughness and superior edge retention. The blade has been distal tapered for optimal balance. Don forges closely to shape and uses a draw file for final shaping rather than a grinder. Though this takes a lot of time, the results are unique and exceptional. A differential heat treatment results in a soft, supportive spine with a hard, keen, long lasting edge. Three clear differential heat treating lines are visible in the blade.
The maple burl handle is Don's take on the traditional Japanese handle. The ambidextrous handle is rounded at the base and faceted on the top. A desert ironwood ferrule and accent bring in contrasting tones. The resulting knife is one that you won't want to put down. It is beautifully balanced! Exceptional work throughout.
Availability: Not currently available


text: Ever since last night, in good coverage, my D2G can't hold a call for more than a few minutes. It dropped about 6 calls in about 20-30 minutes last night, and today the problem persists. Factory resetting does not seem to do the trick. I am currently stock and rooted, but do not have any bloatware frozen. The only apps I have are Droidforums.net, Google+, Trial X, and DPI calculator. Do you guys think that this is a hardware issue? If so.... One more reason to get a Gnex . Sent from my Cellular telecommunications device, manufactured by Motorola.


text: MRA touring windshield: Fairing windshield providing the best possible wind protection. It is significantly higher than the original windshield, usually with a curved upper edge. This noticeably eases the wind pressure on the upper body and head. With additional mounting kit if necessary. With ABE approval. Does not require any additional entry in the registration papers.. Incl. edge band. Slightly tinted.


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Celebration Authority
- Based in:
- Based in Mundelein,IL
- Address:
- 220 S. Shaddle Ave
- City, Zip Code & State
- Mundelein, IL 60060
As a world-class entertainment company, our professional caterers provide top-quality custom food selections to choose from. We will cater reliable food service to any event of your choice.
As a world-class entertainment company, our professional caterers will provide exceptionally unique custom food selections fit for your specific event. We provide top-quality catering service to various events, including corporate events, picnics, fairs, high school events, college events, festivals, faith-based events, family celebrations, and weddings.
As professional caterers, we provide a vast selection of food items, including beverages, cotton candy, a fun-food-service trailer, funnel cakes, hot dogs, an ice cream cart, an ice cream sundae bar, an inflatable tropical bar, a lemonade bar, a nachos-and-cheese bar, a popcorn machine, a pretzel warmer, a pucker powder, and a sno-cone machine.
As we understand the change in weather, our caterers come extremely prepared. We provide custom bottled water, juice pouches, and a variety of soft drinks to cool your body temperature when the weather gets hot. All drinks are available self-served.
Our cotton candy choices allow you to build a stack of your own size, and you have the opportunity to choose your own flavor.
Each service trailer acts as a station that offers caterers and serving staff to prepare and serve the guests a variety of cooked meals.
Each hot dog and bun is prepared from fresh ingredients, and we provide steamers for the hot dogs to maintain their hot temperature.
Each ice cream cart is professionally stocked with luscious ice cream treats.
For your summer convenience, we offer tropical bars and lemonade bars to spark an accurate theme for the occasion. The bar includes a self-draining well for containing ice and shelves for item storage.
Containing over 400 servings of lemonade, we offer a variety flavors, including blue raspberry, strawberry, grape, lime, orange, and cherry.
Each one of our food machines provides top-quality catered food fit for any occasion. Guests will have the opportunity to make their own creations and enjoy their time to the fullest degree.
Among other cities, Celebration Authority may serve the following areas: Chicago, Aurora, Hoffman Estates, Schaumburg, Carol Stream, Joliet, Oak Lawn, Palatine, Bedford Park, Evanston, Naperville, Elgin, Oak Brook, Des Plaines, Harwood Heights, Hinsdale, Lincolnwood, Melrose Park, Oak Park, Shorewood, Bensenville, Barrington Hills, Beach Park, Arlington Heights, Bolingbrook, Crystal Lake, Downers Grove, Fox Valley, Green Oaks, Lemont
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I have been doing some testing of using the Microsoft Entity Framework 4 with stored procedures and ran across some really odd results in SQL Server Profiler.
The application that is running which uses Entity Framework 4 is a simple Web Application written in C#, and the Entity Data Model is actually contained in a referenced class library of its own. I'll write more about my experiences with this later. For now the question is, why does SQL Profiler think that the stored procedure is running in Master, and not in my application database?
While analyzing the effects of using custom helper methods on my EDM classes to call the stored procedure, I decided to run Profiler while I stepped through the code so that I had a clear understanding of exactly when and what calls were made to the SQL Server. I ran Profiler switching back and forth between the TSQL and TSQL_SP templates. However, to reduce the amount of results rows I needed to wade through, I set a filter on DatabaseID to be equal to my application's database. Each time I ran this, the only thing that I saw was an Audit:Login to the database, but no procedure or T-SQL statements executed, yet I was definitely getting results back to my web page. I tried other Profiler templates, still filtering on DatabaseID (tangent: I found, at least back in SQL 2000 Profiler, that filtering on DatabaseID was more reliable than filtering on DatabaseName. Even though I'm now running SQL 2008, that habit sticks with me). Still no results other than the Login. Very weird!
Finally, I decided to run Profiler with no filtering and discovered that that lines which represent my stored procedure and its T-SQL commands are all marked with DatabaseID = 1, which is Master. Why in the world would that be? My procedure is definitely in the application database, and not in Master, and there is nothing funny about the call to the procedure evident in Profiler (i.e. it is not called as MyAppDB.dbo.MyProcName, but rather just dbo.MyProcName). There must be something funny with the way the Entity Framework is wrapping this call, and I don't like it…I don't like it one bit. My primary PROD server contains 40+ databases on it, and when I need to profile something, I expect to be able to filter based on DatabaseID (for the record, I displayed DatabaseName in my results, too, and it also shows Master).
I find the same pattern of everything except the Login showing up as being in Master when I run my version that uses standard LINQ to Entities instead of stored procedures, so that suggests it is not my code, but rather something funny with SQL Server 2008 Profiler or the Entity Framework.
If you have any ideas about why this might be so, please comment below.
Trying to isolate variables, I pushed the web application out to a test server with a fresh install of .NET Framework 4, and pushed the database to a few different servers. I have test instances where the database and web server are on the same machine and some where they are on separate machines. That distinction did not make any difference in the results. But the interesting thing is that when the database resides on a SQL 2000 SP3 instance, then Profiler shows that the stored procedure is properly attributed to the application database ID, but when the database resides on a SQL 2008 SP1 instance, then Profiler shows that the stored procedure is attributed as if it were in Master. I used the same instance of SQL 2008 Profiler for all tests, so this is not a discrepancy in the Profiler application itself, although it suggests that there may be something funny in the server that is being monitored. Another variable which I have not yet ruled out is that the SQL 2008 instances are Developer Edition while the SQL 2000 instances are Enterprise Edition. That should not matter, but it is a variable.
I have replicated the results using a simpler project where the Entity Data Model is directly part of the Web Application and not contained in a separate class library, and using straight LINQ to Entities and a connection string using a trusted connection as a member of System Administrators server role (previous tests were using SQLAuth with a variety of permissions levels). Still getting the result that Profiler thinks the query is being executed in Master and not in the application database.
I have replicated the results on a SQL Server 2008 R2 instance, so this isn't something that went away with any service pack update so far. I have sent this to James Senior at Microsoft that I met at the Redmond WebCamp to see if he has any insight.
This issue has been posted to Microsoft Connect. Also, I created a new web page that loops through several records and updates them. Interestingly, all of the updates except for the first line item for the first update, show as occurring in the application database; but the SELECT and the initial RPC:Starting for the first update show as occurring in Master. This information plus a trace file have been added to the Connect item.
A work-around has been identified.
Microsoft has announced that they have a fix for this and that it will be coming in the next Cumulative Update.
posted @ Wednesday, June 02, 2010 11:07 PM
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DENVER — Corey Brewer matched his career high with 27 points and the Denver Nuggets overcame a 40-point effort by Kobe Bryant to beat the Los Angeles Lakers 126-114 on Wednesday night, Dec. 26, for their seventh straight win at home.
Brewer, a former Timberwolf, hit four of his six three-pointers in the final 12-plus minutes, helping the Nuggets hold off the Lakers, whose five-game winning streak was snapped.
Bryant, who hit 40 points for the 116th time in his career, has scored 30 or more points in 10 straight games.
Kenneth Faried had 21 points and 15 rebounds, and Danilo Gallinari added 19 points for Denver. Ty Lawson had 17 points to go with 14 assists, and Andre Iguodala also scored 17 points.
The Lakers lost Dwight Howard to an ejection with 5:02 left in the third quarter. He was called for a flagrant foul 2 when he jammed his hand in Faried's face as the Nuggets forward drove the lane. Faried tumbled to the floor but shook off the fall to stay in the game.
Pau Gasol added 19 points for the Lakers, and Steve Nash had 15 points in his third game back from a leg injury that sidelined him for 24 games.
Leading by three points at the half, the Nuggets went on a 10-0 run capped by a 3-pointer by Gallinari for a 73-60 lead midway through the third quarter.
The Nuggets scored five consecutive points after Howard's ejection, including one of two free throws by Faried for an 84-72 advantage. But the Lakers fought back, pulling within 91-87 with a 9-3 burst near the end of the third quarter that Bryant started with a 3-pointer.
Taking advantage of a Lakers turnover, the Nuggets stunned the Lakers with five points in the final 12.7 seconds of the third, with Brewer hitting a running 3-pointer at the buzzer from 26 feet away to allow Denver to take a 96-87 lead into the fourth quarter.
Brewer and Iguodala each hit 3-pointers in the opening minutes of the final period as Denver gained a 15-point advantage.
The Lakers cut it to 113-106 on layup by Jodie Meeks with 4:34 remaining, but Gallinari answered with his third 3-pointer of the night and Faried followed with a driving layup to rebuild Denver's lead to 118-106. Brewer hit two more 3-pointer in the final 1:19 to ice the victory.
Faried, who had 13 points in the first half, helped the Nuggets take a 57-54 lead at the break. The Nuggets led by as many as eight points in the second quarter, going in front 40-32 on a breakaway dunk by Brewer but a couple of 3-pointers by Gasol along with a pair of long jumpers by Bryant over the final five minutes of the quarter got the Lakers close again.


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Vincent Racaniello, Ph.D. (aka profvrr) is Professor of Microbiology at Columbia University Medical Center. He has been studying viruses for over 30 years, starting in 1975, when he entered the Ph.D. program in Biomedical Sciences at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York. His thesis research, in the laboratory of Dr. Peter Palese, was focussed on influenza viruses. In 1979 he joined the laboratory of Dr. David Baltimore at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for postdoctoral work on poliovirus. In 1982 Vincent joined the faculty in the Department of Microbiology at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons in New York City. There he established a laboratory to study viruses, and to train other scientists to become virologists. Over the years his laboratory has studied a variety of viruses including poliovirus, echovirus, enterovirus 70, rhinovirus, and hepatitis C virus. As principal investigator of his laboratory, he oversees the research that is carried out by Ph.D. students and postdoctoral fellows. He also teaches virology to graduate students, as well as medical, dental, and nursing students.
If you would like to learn about his work on viruses in more detail, please visit his website at Columbia University. For a different view, check out Vincent's virology blog, or his Wikipedia page. You might also like to follow Vincent on Twitter, where he often provide links to interesting stories about viruses.


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News Release: YVR and the Business Council congratulate Larry Berg on Order of BC Appointment
Larry Berg appointed to the Order of British Columbia
Richmond, British Columbia (August 1, 2013): Larry Berg, former President and Chief Executive Officer of Vancouver Airport Authority and former Chair of Business Council of British Columbia's Board of Governors has been appointed to the Order of British Columbia. Larry was recognized for his outstanding leadership and vision that helped Vancouver International Airport (YVR) earn its reputation as one of the world's top airports.
"On behalf of Vancouver Airport Authority, I want to offer my sincere congratulations to Larry on his appointment to the Order of British Columbia," said Mary Jordan, Chair of Vancouver Airport Authority. "During his 15-year tenure as President and Chief Executive Officer of Vancouver Airport Authority, Larry Berg's leadership and vision helped shape Vancouver International Airport's reputation as one of the best airports in the world, and moreover, an airport that all British Columbians can be proud of. I am so pleased that he is being recognized for his outstanding legacy that continues to benefit the community and the province."
Under Larry's guidance, YVR became a significant economic generator for the province. The 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games and the Canada Line were two recent accomplishments that demonstrated Larry's ability to think beyond the airport to the greater community and the province. In January 2012, he announced a $1.8 billion investment in a 10-year Gateway Strategy to help attract new routes and carriers to YVR while improving customer experience and efficiencies. This investment will help ensure that YVR remains the gateway of choice for years to come and is just one of his lasting legacies.
Larry was also extremely involved in British Columbia's business community and joined the Business Council of British Columbia's Board of Governors in 2001, serving as Chair in 2006 and 2007.
"Larry epitomizes the character and qualities exhibited by recipients of the Order or British Columbia," said Greg D'Avignon, President and CEO, Business Council of British Columbia. "During his tenure as Chair of the Business Council of British Columbia, he provided valuable leadership, input and insight not only to the benefit of the organization, but to the province's economic landscape, and by extension, all those who live here."
As Chair of the Board of Governors, Larry led the highly successful Pacific Economic Summit: British Columbia-California with Arnold Schwarzenegger and Premier Gordon Campbell that drove our leading approach to climate change; and the Labour Forum, which brought together representatives from the Business Council, BC Federation of Labour, Coalition of BC Businesses, and the Provincial Government, to focus on training and skills.
"Larry has exhibited leadership and integrity in all of his efforts, whether it be during the world-class transformation of Vancouver International Airport, throughout his contributions as a community volunteer or during his time as the Chair of the Business Council of British Columbia," said Hank Ketcham, Executive Chairman, West Fraser Timber and current Chair, Business Council of British Columbia. "Larry's influence on British Columbia's social and economic prosperity is lasting which makes him most deserving of this honour, the Order of British Columbia."
About Vancouver Airport Authority
Vancouver Airport Authority is a community-based, not-for-profit organization that manages Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Canada's second busiest airport, YVR served 17.6 million passengers in 2012, facilitated 261,000 takeoffs and landings and handled 227,000 tonnes of cargo. Sixty-eight airlines serve YVR, connecting people and businesses to more than 120 destinations worldwide. Vancouver Airport Authority is a dedicated community partner and in 2012, donated over $650,000 to community organizations. We are committed to creating an airport that British Columbia can be proud of: a premier global gateway, local economic generator and community contributor.
About Business Council of British Columbia
The Business Council of British Columbia, now in its 47th year as the premier business and economic policy research organization in BC, represents 260 leading companies and enterprises in every key sector of the economy. Our membership, found throughout every region of BC, represents 25 percent of all jobs in the province.
For further information:
YVR Media Relations
604.880.9815 firstname.lastname@example.com
www.yvr.ca Twitter: @yvrairport
Business Council of British Columbia
604-812-5965 firstname.lastname@example.com
www.bcbc.com Twitter:@bizcouncilbc


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PRODOM10 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We are a family renovation company offering a wide range of services to complete properties refurbishment. Our aim is to guarantee customers satisfaction to meet individual expectations for quality and style.
Latest Bathroom Fitting feedback review:
By mikecmak on 11th Jun, 2018
CWK Building Works20 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Undertaking all jobs both big and small in all trades, thoughout hampshire & west sussex. I am friendly, reliable & take great pride in my work, to insure that the finish is to the highest of standards.
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By jamesems on 2nd Oct, 2017
CWM Maintenance24 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
CWM Maintenance is a small family business focusing on the complete installation of your new bathroom or kitchen. Our service includes any wall and floor tiling, plumbing or electrical work that may be needed to fulfil your requirements.
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By user_1qed on 13th Nov, 2017
INNOVATE6 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
My name is Stuart and I have been in the building and refurbishment trade for over 25years. I am an ex Foreign Office Project Manager that ran building and refurbishment projects within British Embassies & Consular buildings worldwide. I have excellent communication skills...
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By jane_887 on 23rd May, 2018
Amos Plumbing & Home Maintenance25 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
My name is Elliott. I have been plumbing for 12 years and bathroom fitting for 9 years. I am fully qualified, I have a level 2 city and guilds qualification. I love what I do and get great Pleasure in seeing the end result . I am in relentless pursuit of...
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By kylej on 16th Feb, 2018
Southsea Building Maintenance31 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
A full, comprehensive building service, specialising in conversion/refurbishments, bathrooms and kitchens and all associated tasks. From initial idea discussion and guidance, Planning and Building Control Applications, through committed project development to completion. ...
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By cathriona on 25th Aug, 2014
P&R Plumbing / Maintenance Solutions6 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I work as a handyman, been in the trade for 19 years and have a family run business. Originally learned the trade as an apprentice renovating property and since then have installed kitchens and bathrooms for contractors in the Hampshire area as well as private works to...
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By nick_245 on 12th Oct, 2017
JB plumbing n heating ltd7 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I have 15yrs experience gas, plumbing and surrounding trades. No jobs to small. Boiler-bathrooms-changing taps-fault finding. So if you want a top job get in touch
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By querida33693 on 5th Oct, 2018
Stephen Parr Property Services13 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I have run my property maintenance business for 10 years now and carry out everything from changing a tap to whole house renovations and remodelling.
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By stepcassi on 28th Jun, 2018
Maxifit Installation3 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Our business has over 15 years in Complete bathroom and kitchen fitting. All trades are covered in any aspect of work and guaranteed to the highest spec. Fully insured. 2 years guarantee on all work. We undertake most work in the building sector with a wide range of skilled...
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By mrs52996 on 16th Nov, 2018
Total Ability Ltd5 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I have 20 years in the industry and am fully qualified and time served. I am a qualified Plumbing and heating engineer, tiler, and plasterer. I specialise in bathroom refurbishments and have a high attention to detail to ensure that each customer is totally happy once the...
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By jayh_37 on 17th Jul, 2016
Tony Knipe Plumbing Services3 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Quality work by fully qualified tradesman, all work carried out by myself and not by third parties. Port folio available of quality jobs completed. Free estimates given by professional company. All jobs welcome large or small, all plumbing work undertaken and small building...
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G Driver Plumbing and Heating ltd2 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
With 25 years experience in domestic plumbing and heating, I pride myself on fair prices, time keeping and customer satisfaction. Gas safe for 13 years, up to date on installation and maintenance of all boilers and heating systems. My other specialities are bathrooms, wet...
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MKH Plumbing and Heating2 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I have over 16 years experience in all aspects of domestic plumbing and heating from installing an outside tap, to complete bathroom refurbs or changing a dripping shower, fixing them hot and cold spots on radiators or complete heating installation. Very reliable, free...
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By chris_29wo on 12th Aug, 2016
M & N Home Improvements4 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
PLEASE NOTE: CURRENTLY BOOKED UP UNTIL MID JULY (UPDATED 02.05.18). Hi, my name is Marcus White and i am M & N Home Improvements. I specialize in fitting kitchens and bathrooms to a very high standard. Please take a look at some examples of my work below. I also have over...
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The number of children participating in sports at early ages is higher than ever before. While it is important for children and young adults to engage in athletic activities, it is equally important to closely monitor their preparations for strength and conditioning training.
"Strength" in Numbers
Beyond organized sports programs, millions more compete and participate in physical education classes, church and community intramural programs, and other recreational athletic activities.
(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons brochure: The young athlete, 2002 Feb)
Strength training, or resistance training, is a form of physical conditioning used to increase the ability to resist force. By increasing muscle strength, strength training can improve sports performance in young athletes. Different types of exercises are used in strength training in young athletes, including weight machines, free weights, and exercises which use a body's own resistance. By using different combinations of exercise repetitions, ranging from one set of ten repetitions, to five sets of fifteen repetitions, young athletes can achieve increases in strength from 30-40% over an eight to twelve week training program.
Prepubescent children cannot increase the amount and size of their muscles as adults can. When considering strength and conditioning training for children, an increase in muscle fiber size should neither be expected nor considered desirable.
It is thought that strength increase in children who participate in strength training involves changes in the muscle that already exists. A muscle works by nerve firing, and strength training in children and adolescents changes the way the nerves fire, such that more muscle fibers are activated by each nerve. This increases muscle strength in children without changing the composition of the actual muscle.
Questions the parent and physical therapist need to consider before starting a child on a strength and conditioning program include:
Since some children are very shy around other kids, it might be more beneficial for them to start their training in a one-on-one setting. However, particularly young children (six or seven years old) might have more fun in a group setting with kids their own age; in this environment, it becomes an after school activity with their friends rather than a weight training session.
Conversely, some of the older athletes (15-16 years old) who are particularly serious and looking to get a college scholarship may want more individual attention from a therapist. At any age, the child should be mature and be able to follow directions. First and foremost, the parent should know these things about their child before bringing them in for an initial evaluation, at which point the therapist does her own assessment.
The importance of the parents' involvement in their child's conditioning program cannot be overstated. It must be emphasized that if parents appear to be either aggressively involved to a fault (where it becomes apparent that the child is being forced to train excessively) or disinterested in their child's regimen (where the child could be at risk of overworking themselves without supervision), then the conditioning should be stopped immediately.
Reasons for participating in strength and conditioning training include:
(Janz, Kathleen F., Burns, Trudy L., Levy, Steven M., Torner, James C., Willing, Marcia C., Beck, Thomas J., Gilmore, Julie M., Marshall, Teresa A. Everyday activity predicts bone geometry in children: the iowa bone development study. Medicine & Science in Sports Exercise. (36)7:1124-1131)
In the right environment, and with proper supervision and technique, strength training for kids has been deemed safe and effective for kids and has been approved by the American College of Sports Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Society of Sports Medicine, and the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
The following are safety guidelines every parent and therapist must follow:
Contrary to prior understanding, new studies have shown that growth plates (the areas of primary growth at the ends of longer bones) in prepubescent children are not at high risk of epiphyseal fractures when the training adheres to these guidelines. Strength and conditioning training can actually enhance bone growth; the greatest amount of bone formation occurs during childhood, and strength training can serve to create stronger bones if done correctly and in the proper setting.
When considering competitive conditioning sports, including weight lifting (clean-and-jerk, snatch), power lifting (squat, bench press, dead lift), or bodybuilding (for esthetics), always consult the standards set by the American College of Sports Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Society of Sports Medicine, and the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Although these sources may have differing views on certain aspects of these controversial sports, it is important for every interested child and parent to be educated about the possible risks and benefits of competitive conditioning.
Studies: Then and Now
We now have a better understanding of the neurology behind muscle hypertrophy, and strength training in general, than was common 25-30 years ago. Studies done in the 1970s and 1980s which debunked the validity of strength training were later denounced by the American Academy of Pediatrics for using inaccurate parameters and excluding important studies on natural strength gained by children. For example, in the 1970's, researchers didn't realize that it took six weeks for the motor units to change in number and size.
Contemporary studies have altered that approach and have determined that children as young as six years old "can improve strength when following age-specific resistance training guidelines."
(Benjamin, Holly J. MD; Glow, Kimberly M. MD, MPH, Strength training for children and adolescents. The Physician and Sports Medicine. 2003, Sept; (31)9)
Two studies used the twitch interpolation technique to determine the effects of changes in motor unit activation on strength increases in preadolescent boys when in a proper training environment. This technique involves delivering single electrical pulses to a muscle when the subject is at rest and while the subject attempts to produce a maximum voluntary contraction. The training sessions lasted ten weeks; when it was over, they saw a gain of 9% in the boys' elbow flexors and 12% in their knee extensors. Strength gains were due to increased neuronal activation, intrinsic muscular adaptations, and motor coordination (learning). While muscle strength increased, the size of the muscle did not.
(Ramsay JA, Blimkie CJ, Sale DF, et al.. Strength training effects in prepubescent boys. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1990; 22(5):605-614)
Movement Intelligence
An instinctual factor in sports, called "movement intelligence", has also been shown to increase after a course of strength and conditioning training. Movement intelligence is when all the parts of the body learn to coordinate movement together in the most effective way. With proper training, this state is achieved with no conscious thought, e.g., when a basketball player jumps up for a rebound or when a baseball player swings at a pitch. The muscles involved with these movements and responses become more inherently and instinctually conditioned to react quickly and properly, resulting in increased ability and a reduced risk of injury. Since movement intelligence is learned, and since children tend to learn quickly at an early age, it is best to teach it as early as possible.
(Ramsay JA, Blimkie CJ, Sale DF, et al.. Strength training effects in prepubescent boys. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1990; 22(5):605-614)
Standing Long Jump
Step Test
Single Leg Press
Forward Step Down
If warning signs, bad habits, complaints, and/or red flags do arise, the physical therapist needs to question the child further to conclude if it is a temporary, resolvable issue (e.g., fatigue because the child was up late studying), or if it's a real problem. If serious issues arise, the physical therapist is required to inform the child's doctor and/or parents.
a. Core strengthening
Every movement you do comes from your core – your rectus and transverse abdominus, deep internal stabilizers, back extensors, back stabilizers, and trunk rotational muscles are all part of your muscle core.
Begin on a stable surface and progress to unstable surfaces, such as training with a physioball to improve balance.
Core Strengthening Using Physioball
b. Proprioception
This training teaches athletes how to instinctively detect joint position and movement in space and to respond appropriately to variations in forces received either during or prior to initiation of a deleterious, or harmful, movement. Much of this training involves balance conditioning, and as the athlete's skill improves, more stimuli are needed to continue improvement in this area.
c. Neuromuscular Training
Neuromuscular training teaches athletes to make the proper decisions in order to avoid injury. It enhances unconscious motor responses during movements, especially when jumping, landing, cutting, pivoting, hopping, and decelerating. Training this continual feedback control system improves one's ability to utilize proprioceptive information.
d. Plyometrics
Plyometrics involve the rapid stretching of a muscle (eccentric phase) and the rapid shortening of the same muscle (concentric phase). Using this technique, the nervous system is conditioned to react more quickly to the stretch-shortening cycle, thereby increasing the speed of movement and improving power production. When plyometric activity is incorporated into their regimen, athletes improve their reaction time, and their overall strength improves -- they learn how to jump and leap higher, run faster, and throw farther. It also improves hand-eye coordination.
Using Plyometrics to Rapidly Stretch and Shorten Muscles Used for Jumping
e. Sport specific training
The following exercises should be tailored for each sport with the help of trained physical therapists:
f. Cool Down
Strength and conditioning training for children can be safe and effective when proper safety guidelines are met and each child's program is designed appropriately and individually. A pre-training evaluation by a personal trainer is necessary, along with a post-training evaluation, and the child must be supervised throughout the course of the training by the trainer. Likewise, the child's parents must take an active interest in the regimen without resorting to forceful excess. The quality of each training session should be stressed over the quantity of sessions, and when applicable, the training should be as sport-specific as possible. Most importantly, a child undergoing strength and conditioning training should never stop having fun doing it.
Updated: 9/29/2009
summary by Mike Elvin


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Solve over 500 challenging and innovative matching puzzles spread across 7 different temples and restore mysterious powers of Egypt.
Once every thousand years a mysterious eclipse shrouds the ancient pyramid of Saqqarah. With help of Khufu - the Magical Monkey from the Underground Oasis, solve over 500 challenging puzzles spread across 7 different modes of gameplay and restore mysterious powers of ancient Egypt in this rich and original matching game.
Here are few things that game journalists said about the game. Feel free to click the links and read the full reviews.
If you have any questions or doubts please check the frequently asked questions on the support page.
[ Best games for PC | Best games for Mac ]
[ Phantasmat Game | Bayo Bongo Game | Brunhilda Game | StoneLoops! Game | Magic Match Game ]


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OAKLAND — Double yikes.
A Times columnist suggests the Lakers might have been looking past Philadelphia to a date with the Clippers in explaining the loss to the 76ers the other night.
And now here we are in Oracle Arena for a "Warriors WhiteOut," everyone in the place given a white T-shirt and placard like this is going to be some kind of playoff game with the Clippers.
The Clippers!
It makes sense. Why waste such emotion on the Lakers?
"It's big. Big," Clippers Coach Vinny Del Negro says with more than a hint of sarcasm. "It's Jan. 2, I believe. But that's good."


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In any given church today there tends to exist three distinctive generations. Each generation interprets life differently. Each generation has some distinctive characteristics that tend to define them as a group. When the pastor gets in the pulpit on any given Sunday he has three general types of lenses he is addressing.
The largest generation, especially in the Bluffton area, is the Baby Boomer generation. They tend to be program oriented. They will see church issues as fixable with the right time, money and experience. While the younger generations express themselves differently, the boomers will see classic worship services as the "normal" means to worship. Believe it or not, they like to be entertained. They were the generation that movies and television became an important aspect of their culture. One last characteristic is the love of comfort. They had depression era parents. Some actually remember the depression from their childhood and will do everything they can to avoid it. Baby Boomers were an intelligent and wise generation however parenting was not their strong suit.
Generation X (they have lot's of sub names and groupings as well) are the children of Baby Boomers. There is one distinctive characteristic among this group. They don't trust anybody or anything. It is the Xers that had any sense of stability collapse in their face. Their families were often split. They were left to survive divorce and abuse pretty much on their own. Church scandals and government lies and deceptions (Clinton: I did not have sex with her) left them feeling like life was being on a boat without a rudder. Their reaction is a drive toward individualism and a lack of commitment to anything that is not in their direct control. Xers have a lot of intelligence. They tend to lack the wisdom of their parents.
The last generation, named at this time Generation Z is also known as Generation Y. They are the youngest of the current adult generation. They are the Internet generation. The abundance of information (false, true and mixed) is at their fingertips. Individualism is marking them as selfish. However, their individualism is being fostered by the previous two generations. Their individualism is also being fueled by a world that promised them all sorts of success and outcomes only to have terrorism and the economy leave them with busted dreams. One obvious result is a generation that tends to stay home with their parents longer and return after they fail in a world that is failing them. Zers aren't all that smart but have the greatest access to information (knowledge) with little wisdom available.
There is a fourth generation in the nursery. We don't know what they will be like. Boomers, Xers and Zers are their parents and grandparents. We will have to wait and see.
So, how does a church reach through the various generational interpretations? Should churches only seek to address one generation at a time? These problems existed in the Bible. There was never one set group that Jesus addressed.
There is only one answer. It is to remain faithful to the gospel of Jesus Christ and to function in life with great grace as Jesus did so that any man, woman and child can hear of the only hope man has: Jesus. His work on the cross to extend his grace into the lives of man surpasses any generational bounds. It is grace that takes a bunch of "me" and turns us in to "we." Jesus said to take up our cross and follow him. I leave my generational makeup and follow Him. He raised the dead (older generation), called youth to be fishers of men (middle generation) and made sure the children could come to him (younger generation). He instructed us to lay down our live (generational wants) for the sake of our neighbor (past and future generations). Howdy, neighbor. Do you know the Christ?
To read more by John Ring, check out his blog at johnring.wordpress.com.


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Joe Satriani releases 'The Complete Studio Recordings' with Sony Music/Legacy Recordings
Joe Satriani releases 'The Complete Studio Recordings'
with Sony Music/Legacy Recordings
Joe Satriani: The Complete Studio Recordings has been released to the delight of guitar fans everywhere, housing the rock guitar virtuoso's most comprehensive anthology ever.
Legacy Recordings (of Sony Music Entertainment) released the gargantuan collection by Satriani, which includes 14 studio albums such as Surfing with the Alien, Extremist and Unstoppable Momentum, plus a new 'Added Creations and Bonus Tracks' compilation. Satriani is also extending his decades-long relationship with Sony Music and has signed a new multi-album deal with Legacy for future recordings.
The 15CD library collection itself is housed in a specially designed clamshell box with a booklet filled with photos and memorabilia from across the decades. Satriani said: "My original mixes are remastered now to sound like I always imagined them."
While in considerable demand as a musician throughout his career, Satriani has pursued his own musical vision over the years through a series of instrumental rock albums - many of them being Grammy nominated - which chronicle his evolution as an artist and his eloquence as a guitarist. What guitar does Satriani play, I hear you ask? His endorsed Ibanez series are his usual go-to, and this Ibanez JS2400 in white is pretty spectacular, especially if you want to sound just like the world's top rock instrumental guitarist.
You can buy Joe Satriani: The Complete Studio Recordings here. Plus, the entire collection is available on a collectible limited edition USB drive, so you can surf with the alien everywhere.


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Thursday, July 19, 2012
The Busy You Go Genealogy Girls
Besides trying to stay cool, the You Go Genealogy Girls are staying very busy this summer. You Go Girl #2 is off on a short vacation to Wyoming and Colorado with her husband and twin granddaughters. I hope they experience a cool down in those states because Nebraska is remaining in the triple digits.
My summer has been busy with a variety of my own research projects, writing and lecturing, plus working on projects for the North Platte Genealogical Society, North Platte, Nebraska. The suitcase is out but not packed. I am preparing mentally at least as to what I'll take to the Family History Expo in Springfield, Illinois.
The Illinois Family History Expo will be held August 3-4 (that's next month!) at the Crowne Plaza in Springfield, Illinois. This will be a genealogical delight! There will be presenters and exhibits along with some wonderful prizes. It's a great way to meet genealogists, learn and go back home prepared to tackle all of your research problems. I will be delivering four lectures.
The keynote address will be given by Bernard E. Gracy, Jr., External CTO and VP Business Development, Volly at Pitney Bowes. And yes ... Mr. Gracy is a genealogist.
You can still take advantage of the early online registration until August 2nd. There is no cost for attending the keynote address or visiting the exhibit hall. The early registration is $69 or $99 at the door. You can attend a single day for $59 and a single class for $20.
If you can't make the Illinois Family History Expo, try to make it to the Midwest Family History Expo in Kearney, Nebraska. That will be held September 7-8 at the Holiday Inn Convention Center. You Go Girl #1 is the keynote speaker, plus presenter of four lectures. The keynote address is "Mud Pies and Fire Flies." Now that I have piqued your interest, why not sign up? There is a strong possibility that You Go Girl #2 will be at this Expo.
Hope to see you at the Expo!
Ruby .... You Go Genealogy #1
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posted by Thom Holwerda on Mon 5th Nov 2012 23:40 UTC
Another Apple-to-switch-Macs-to-ARM post. "Apple engineers have grown confident that the chip designs used for its mobile devices will one day be powerful enough to run its desktops and laptops, said three people with knowledge of the work, who asked to remain anonymous because the plans are confidential. Apple began using Intel chips for Macs in 2005." No idea when Apple will make the switch, but they will do it. I'm thinking 5-10 year timeframe.


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Industrial Production Strengthens In February - March 17, 2014
The U.S. Commerce Department released some positive news this morning in the form of data showing that the nation's industrial base improved last month.
Specifically, the government noted that industrial production had jumped by 0.6% in February. That was the fastest monthly growth rate since last August. Moreover, it was decidedly better than the scant 0.1% gain that had been the latest consensus forecast for this economic category.
In all, production recovered from the very weak start, which had been driven down by the bitter cold temperatures and heavy snows that had blanketed much of the nation for the first few weeks of the year. The gain last month came as manufacturing output (the largest of the three sectors gauged by this survey) increased by 0.8% for the month. A second category, mining output, also pushed higher, rising by 0.3%. The third component, utilities output, eased by 0.2%, after surging by nearly 4% in January.
As to that January showing, the initial 0.3% decline for the month, was revised to show a slightly lesser contraction of 0.2%. Also, capacity utilization at the nation's factories, the other half of this industrial report, rose from 78.5% in January to 78.8% last month. A flat-to-nominally higher reading had been the forecast.
The industrial progress, as noted, followed a 0.2% dip to start the year, and a 0.3% gain in December. Looked at as a whole, this was a very encouraging report, and underscores that the economy, even while being held back by the inclement weather, seems ready to continue pushing forward this year at an increasing rate.
In fact, after growing by a possible 1.0%-2.0% this quarter, we would expect growth to rise above 2.5% in the June period and then push up towards 3% during the concluding half of this year.
At the time of this article's writing, the author did not have positions in any of the companies mentioned.
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