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(a) MEETINGS- Section 492(a) (20 U.S.C. 1098a) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking `convene regional meetings to';
(B) by striking `parts B, G, and H of this title,' and inserting `this title;'; and
(C) by striking `Such meetings shall include' and inserting `The Secretary shall obtain the advice of and recommendations from'; and
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) by striking `During such meetings the' and inserting `The';
(B) by striking `parts B, G, and H' and inserting `this title';
(C) by striking `1992' and inserting `1998 through such mechanisms as regional meetings and electronic exchanges of information'; and
(D) by striking `at such meetings' and inserting `through such mechanisms'.
(b) DRAFT REGULATIONS- Section 492(b) is amended--
(1) by striking `After' and inserting the following:
`(1) IN GENERAL- After';
(2) in paragraph (1) (as redesignated by paragraph (1))--
(A) by striking `holding regional meetings' and inserting `obtaining the advice and recommendations described in subsection (a)(1)';
(B) by striking `parts B, G, and H of this title' and inserting `this title';
(C) by striking `1992' and inserting `1998';
(D) by striking `The Secretary shall follow the guidance provided in sections 305.82-4 and 305.85-5 of chapter 1, Code of Federal Regulations, and any successor recommendation, regulation, or law.';
(E) by striking `participating in the regional meetings';
(F) by striking `240-day' and inserting `360-day'; and
(G) by striking `section 431(g)' and inserting `section 437(e)'; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
`(2) EXPANSION OF NEGOTIATED RULEMAKING- All regulations pertaining to this title that are promulgated after the date of enactment of this paragraph shall be subject to a negotiated rulemaking (including the selection of the issues to be negotiated), unless the Secretary determines that applying such a requirement with respect to given regulations is impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest (within the meaning of section 553(b)(3)(B) of title 5, United States Code), and publishes the basis for such determination in the Federal Register at the same time as the proposed regulations in question are first published. All published proposed regulations shall conform to agreements resulting from such negotiated rulemaking unless the Secretary reopens the negotiated rulemaking process or provides a written explanation to the participants in that process why the Secretary has decided to depart from such agreements. Such negotiated rulemaking shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (1), and the Secretary shall ensure that a clear and reliable record of agreements reached during the negotiations process is maintained.'.
|Table of Contents


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HOUSTON — Circuit training club owners now have an association they can join to help them address various concerns unique to their part of the health club industry — the Association of Hydraulic and Fitness Clubs.
The association was formed to share industry knowledge, create a community of owners and managers, and conduct the annual workshop, according to association founder Symanthia Harper.
"We're in transition. At first it was just Curves franchisees. Then when the Curves clones and independents came along, an entire industry was born. What we're doing now is educating the entire industry," said Harper. "We found that we got a lot of calls from club owners that have basically the same challenges, 'How do I attract more members, how do I extend the members I have, what new value-added services can I offer,' and so on. So, we got the idea that it's high time for a national conference to address these timely issues and to have an idea exchange."
The conference, Harmony Fitness Workshop, is tailored expressly for 30-minute circuit training health clubs. It is scheduled for Oct. 22-Oct. 24 at the Houston Airport Marriott. The workshop focuses on the specific challenges and concerns in running circuit-training gyms, whether they are franchised units or independents.
Members of the association will have the opportunity to network with other gyms, receive group discounts on high volume purchases and more.

subset: commoncrawl


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Best Sports Blog
Voting has ended for The 2006 Weblog Awards. Return to the The 2006 Weblog Award Poll Navigation Page or see the list of winners.
|Weblog Awards
Finalist Links
BlogCritics Sports
Kissing Suzy Kolber
Ben Maller
the mighty mjd
True Hoop
Blue Grey Sky
Full Throttle
Baseball Musings
Prize: Winner will receive one complimentary basic registration to the Blog World & New Media Expo.
Notes: Do you have questions about how the voting was conducted? First see the voting rules. Second, check the the daily Weblog Award Notes for the latest news and issues with this years Weblog Awards. Third, read the FAQ, as many questions are answered there. Finally, if you still have questions ask questions in The Weblog Awards forum.
Nominations for The 2006 Weblog Awards are, as always, open and public. There were approximately 4,500 nominations in the 45 categories. You can navigate all of the nomination via the master list of nomination posts here.
All polls were subject to correction for identified cheating prior to the finalization of the results. Polls that had vote totals adjusted are listed here.


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An excerpt from Laurence Freeman OSB, "Anniversary of John Main, December 30th 1996," WCCM International Newsletter, Winter, 1996.
Perhaps one of the perplexing dilemmas for traditional Christianity today is the meaning of communicating the gospel in a non-competitive way in the context of relationships with other faiths. . . .For the exclusivist Christian, this is nonsensical.
And yet it is what is happening all around all the time today. And perhaps. . . .the Spirit is trying to teach us something. Perhaps Christianity is learning that if it is truly universal it must find and recognize itself in all forms of human spiritual experience and in every kind of spiritual event. [. . . .]
We are today arriving in a new era of religious dialogue, of tolerance, mutual reverence and of leaning from each other which those before us cold never have imagined. Yet is rightness for Christians is attested by the fact that it is so compatible with the personality and example of Jesus. He rejected no-one, tolerated all and saw the mystery of God in all people and in nature. He ate with those he should have despised; he spoke with those he should have avoided. He was as open to others as he was to God. [. . . .]
In Jesus, time and eternity intersect, the Word becomes human words. But the intersection happens in human poverty of spirit. Poverty is the point "where infinite mystery meets concrete existence.' Poverty is not only the absence of things by the awareness of our need for others, for God. Human neediness is universal. The riches and the most powerful, like the poorest and most marginalized, are all equally in need.
Need is simply the strong feeling that arises in response to the fact of interdependence. We are not separate from each other or from God. Wisdom is the recognition of our inter-relatedness. Compassion is the practice of our connectedness. In meditation we dive to a level of reality deeper than that of our surface, ego-driven minds which so often are caught in the net of illusion of our independence and isolation. Untangling from that net is the daily work of meditation and it is also the new pattern of the practice of the presence of God in ordinary life, which is created by daily meditation.
After meditation: Meister Eckhart, "The Essential Sermons," cited by Willigis Jager, SEARCH FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE: Essays and Reflections on the Mystical Experiences (Liguori: Triumph Books, 1995).
Whoever really and truly has God. . . .has God everywhere, in the street and in company with everyone, just as much as in church or in solitary places. . . . Who has God essentially present. . . .grasps God divinely; and to him God shines in all things; for everything tastes. . .of God. A person cannot learn this by running away, by shunning things and shutting himself up in an external solitude; but he must practice a solitude of spirit, wherever or with whomever he is. He must learn to break through things and to grasp. . . God in them.
Carla Cooper - firstname.lastname@example.com


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- anaemia (1)
- blood transfusion (1)
- orthopaedic surgery (1)
- preoperative assessment (1)
- preoperative preparation (1)
- The choice of the intravenous fluid influences the tolerance of acute normovolemic anemia in anesthetized domestic pigs (2012)
- The correction of hypovolemia with acellular fluids results in acute normovolemic anemia. Whether the choice of the infusion fluid has an impact on the maintenance of oxygen (O2) supply during acute normovolemic anemia has not been investigated so far. Methods: Thirty-six anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs were hemodiluted to their physiological limit of anemia tolerance, reflected by the individual critical hemoglobin concentration (Hbcrit). Hbcrit was defined as the Hb-concentration corresponding with the onset of supply-dependency of total body O2-consumption (VO2). The hemodilution protocol was randomly performed with either Tetrastarch (6% HES 130/0.4, TS-group, n=9), Gelatin (3.5% urea-crosslinked polygeline, GEL-group, n=9), Hetastarch (6% HES 450/0.7, HS-group, n=9) or Ringer's solution (RS-group, n=9). The primary endpoint was the dimension of Hbcrit, secondary endpoints were parameters of central hemodynamics, O2-transport and tissue oxygenation. Results: In each animal, normovolemia was maintained throughout the protocol. Hbcrit was met at 3.7+/-0.6 g/dl (RS), 3.0+/-0.6 g/dl (HS P<0.05 vs. RS), 2.7+/-0.6 g/dl (GEL, P<0.05 vs. RS) and 2.1+/-0.4 g/dl (TS, P<0.05 vs. GEL, HS and RS). Hemodilution with RS resulted in a significant increase of extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and a decrease of arterial oxygen partial pressure (paO2), O2-extraction ratio was increased, when animals of the TS-, GEL- and HS-groups met their individual Hbcrit. Conclusions: The choice of the intravenous (i.v) fluid has an impact on the tolerance of acute normovolemic anemia induced by acellular volume replacement. Third-generation Tetrastarch preparations (e.g., HES 130/0.4) appear most advantageous regarding maintenance of tissue oxygenation during progressive anemia. The underlying mechanism includes a lower degree of extravasation and favourable effects on microcirculatory function.
- Causes of metabolic acidosis in canine hemorrhagic shock : role of unmeasured ions (2007)
- Introduction: Metabolic acidosis during hemorrhagic shock is common and conventionally considered to be due to hyperlactatemia. There is increasing awareness, however, that other nonlactate, unmeasured anions contribute to this type of acidosis. Methods: Eleven anesthetized dogs were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 45 mm Hg and were kept at this level until a metabolic oxygen debt of 120 mLO2/kg body weight had evolved. Blood pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, lactate, albumin, and phosphate were measured at baseline, in shock, and during 3 hours post-therapy. Strong ion difference and the amount of weak plasma acid were calculated. To detect the presence of unmeasured anions, anion gap and strong ion gap were determined. Capillary electrophoresis was used to identify potential contributors to unmeasured anions. Results: During induction of shock, pH decreased significantly from 7.41 to 7.19. The transient increase in lactate concentration from 1.5 to 5.5 mEq/L during shock was not sufficient to explain the transient increases in anion gap (+11.0 mEq/L) and strong ion gap (+7.1 mEq/L), suggesting that substantial amounts of unmeasured anions must have been generated. Capillary electrophoresis revealed increases in serum concentration of acetate (2.2 mEq/L), citrate (2.2 mEq/L), alpha-ketoglutarate (35.3 microEq/L), fumarate (6.2 microEq/L), sulfate (0.1 mEq/L), and urate (55.9 microEq/L) after shock induction. Conclusion: Large amounts of unmeasured anions were generated after hemorrhage in this highly standardized model of hemorrhagic shock. Capillary electrophoresis suggested that the hitherto unmeasured anions citrate and acetate, but not sulfate, contributed significantly to the changes in strong ion gap associated with induction of shock.
- Detection, evaluation, and management of preoperative anaemia in the elective orthopaedic surgical patient : NATA guidelines (2011)
- Previously undiagnosed anaemia is common in elective orthopaedic surgical patients and is associated with increased likelihood of blood transfusion and increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. A standardized approach for the detection, evaluation, and management of anaemia in this setting has been identified as an unmet medical need. A multidisciplinary panel of physicians was convened by the Network for Advancement of Transfusion Alternatives (NATA) with the aim of developing practice guidelines for the detection, evaluation, and management of preoperative anaemia in elective orthopaedic surgery. A systematic literature review and critical evaluation of the evidence was performed, and recommendations were formulated according to the method proposed by the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group. We recommend that elective orthopaedic surgical patients have a haemoglobin (Hb) level determination 28 days before the scheduled surgical procedure if possible (Grade 1C). We suggest that the patient's target Hb before elective surgery be within the normal range, according to the World Health Organization criteria (Grade 2C). We recommend further laboratory testing to evaluate anaemia for nutritional deficiencies, chronic renal insufficiency, and/or chronic inflammatory disease (Grade 1C). We recommend that nutritional deficiencies be treated (Grade 1C). We suggest that erythropoiesis-stimulating agents be used for anaemic patients in whom nutritional deficiencies have been ruled out, corrected, or both (Grade 2A). Anaemia should be viewed as a serious and treatable medical condition, rather than simply an abnormal laboratory value. Implementation of anaemia management in the elective orthopaedic surgery setting will improve patient outcomes.
- Hyperoxia reversibly alters oxygen consumption and metabolism (2012)
- Aim: Ventilation with pure oxygen (hyperoxic ventilation: HV) is thought to decrease whole body oxygen consumption (VO(2)). However, the validity and impact of this phenomenon remain ambiguous; until now, under hyperoxic conditions, VO(2) has only been determined by the reverse Fick principle, a method with inherent methodological problems. The goal of this study was to determine changes of VO(2), carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)), and the respiratory quotient (RQ) during normoxic and hyperoxic ventilation, using a metabolic monitor. Methods: After providing signed informed consent and institutional acceptance, 14 healthy volunteers were asked to sequentially breathe room air, pure oxygen, and room air again. VO(2), VCO(2), RQ, and energy expenditure (EE) were determined by indirect calorimetry using a modified metabolic monitor during HV. Results: HV reduced VO(2) from 3.4 (3.0/4.0) mL/kg/min to 2.8 (2.5/3.6) mL/kg/min (P < 0.05), whereas VCO(2) remained constant (3.0 [2.6/3.6] mL/kg/min versus 3.0 [2.6/3.5] mL/kg/min, n.s.). After onset of HV, RQ increased from 0.9 (0.8/0.9) to 1.1 (1.0/1.1). Most changes during HV were immediately reversed during subsequent normoxic ventilation. Conclusion: HV not only reduces VO(2), but also increases the respiratory quotient. This might be interpreted as an indicator of the substantial metabolic changes induced by HV. However, the impact of this phenomenon requires further study.


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Chiefs ink Zombo
Kansas City, MO – The Kansas City Chiefs have signed linebacker Frank Zombo.
Terms of the contract for the former Green Bay Packer were not disclosed.
Zombo appeared in 25 games with nine starts in three seasons with Green Bay. He has 53 career tackles, including 39 solo, with five sacks and two forced fumbles.


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The Cameroon international will sign for the French Ligue 1 outfit this summer for an undisclosed fee, having made 22 appearances for Les Rouges et Noirs since joining them on loan last summer.
Makoun has struggled to hold down a place in the Villans squad and has made just seven Premier League appearances since arriving from Lyon for £6 million in January 2011.
In a statement on their official website, Aston Villa confirmed that the Cameroonian's brief stay at the club is set to come to an end.
"French Ligue 1 club Rennes will exercise their option to complete a permanent move for Jean Makoun in the summer transfer window.
"The deal for an undisclosed fee will go through on July 1."
Makoun's loan spell at Rennes was preceded by a season-long loan at Olympiakos, where he made 18 appearances and helped them win the Greek Super League.


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Why do craters on the Moon have similar shapes? A planetary scientist uses a ball thrown into sand to illustrate the reason. View Video
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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Motion DSP vReveal Software Review
You all know the TV show CSI, the show where old actors who can't get jobs making feature films solve repetative crimes. I know that is very blunt, but that's basically what it is. If you watch the show, you'll see the actors do certain repetitive things in order to figure out how someone has died, or to figure out who their prime suspect will be. One of the tools the writers of CSI will use in order to do this is a special photo editing program. It allows them to take extremely pixelated, shaky, noisy, dark, and blurry pictures, and then turn them into crystal clear images. We know of course, programs like this are not readily available to the public, at least until now! To be honest, when I first heard about this product I was quite skeptical, but I was told it was, "real life CSI stuff." I figured 'what the heck, I'll give it a shot'. vReveal was created by MotionDSP for Microsoft Windows. It is designed to do two things: drastically improve the quality of flawed videos and make it extraordinarily easy to do so! MotionDSP is the creator of Ikena, which is a forensic software actually used by law enforcement and intelligence agencies. vReveal is an adaption of this software, so it should hopefully do what it is supposed to.
Another interesting little fact is that vReveal was designed for CUDA-enabled GPUs. In other words, it was designed to take advantage of the parallel computing power of the NVIDIA GPU. If you're using an older NVIDIA card, or refuse to use anything other then ATI cards, you've got nothing to worry about. vReveal will still work with any CPU, but it was designed to use the many cores of a GPU. This means vReveal is able to process your video up to 5 times faster, while utilizing a CUDA-enabled GPU. So how does this software work? A video is basically a linear collection of multiple images encoded in an either magnetic or digital format. Well, actually, that is really all it is. Anyway MotionDSP's powerful algorithms will analyze multiple frames in order to get the best possible outcome. Because there is also motion tracking between each frame, vReveal is able to stabilize videos extremely well. Now that we know a little bit about the software and what it is supposed to do, let's find out how it performs.
Getting Started:
If you've seen one installer you've seen them all, and vReveal setup wizard is no different. To begin you must click next, which has always been a little strange to me, because if I opened it up to install why should I have to verify that I want to install it? I digress. Upon next, you'll be greeted with MotionDSP's terms and conditions. You should of course read through them, although most people will just click next to get the software installed. So go ahead and sign away your life and the title to your vehicle as you hastily click "next" to get this program installed.
After you've agreed to the terms and conditions, you'll be asked to which folder you'd like to install vReveal. If you haven't precreated one, just do what every one does and click "next." From there your program will install, and you'll then be shown what I call "the finish screen." The finish screen gives you two options before you click "finish." Option one is to launch vReveal, and option two is to add an icon to your desktop. Simply select the ones you'd like and click "finish."
Now that we've got vReveal installed and ready to go, let's find out how well it works.


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Personal Training is not just for athletes. It is not just about having bigger arms or a thinner waist. Personal training is a way for you to get the individual attention, motivation and guidance that you need to perform, look and feel your best.
When it comes to Personal Training, it should be just that, "personal." Our Certified Personal Trainers will take time to evaluate your needs and goals. We will help you identify and avoid obstacles that may distract you from those goals. And, we will help you to maximize your results by focusing your time and effort to be as efficient and productive as possible.
Our training principles are based on factual, proven information. No Myth. No Theory. No Fluff. Just Facts. That's why no matter who you are, no matter what your background is, and no matter what your goals are, we can build a plan for you. We will get you where you want to go, faster and safer. Guaranteed.
Your personal training analysis and plan will include:
Fitness Test
An assessment of your present fitness level including body measurement, body fat testing, resting heart rate, body fat, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and restructuring of your current fitness system.
Nutritional Consultation
Our nutritionist can help you develop a personal fitness plan for healthy eating and weight management. You will:
- Learn to eat right
- Make wise food choices
- Lose weight and keep it off
- Reach your goal weight safely
- Learn how to work with your busy schedule and still eat healthy. Also, learn the importance of balance in your diet and how to get it.
Regular Re-Evaluations
Maintenance plans and regular re-evaluations can be scheduled with your personal trainer every 6-8 weeks as needed.
Contact information:
Bala Cynwyd - Kevin Schultz - email@example.com
Jenkintown - Tim Bodman - firstname.lastname@example.com


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2 In stock
Molly Malone's Boutique
Returns Policy
Not satisfied with your purchase? Don't sweat it, with our easy-to-use return policy, we strive to make your experience as smooth as possible. Here's how it works… You have 14 days, from your date of purchase to send the item back. Or, if you don't want to go through the hassle of shipping an item back, you can bring it to any of our stores for store credit or to exchange it! Unfortunately, if 15 or more days pass since your purchase, we will not be able to offer you a refund or exchange. For your item to be qualified for a return, we ask that your item is, Unused, unwashed and in the same condition that you received it In its original packaging and tags Free form makeup, deodorant, perfume or any other stains. If items are returned in these conditions, we will have to send your items back and you will have to cover any additional shipping costs. Monogramed/personalized items and all sale merchandise items cannot be returned, and due to health regulations, all intimate or sanitary goods are final sale. When returning an item be sure to include your receipt, so we have proof of your purchase, and can make this process as easy as possible for you! When returning by mail, be sure to fill out our Return Policy and Form and attach the bottom portion to the outside of your box. Mail the items to: Molly Malone's Boutique Attn: Refund 223 N Center St. Statesville, NC 28677 All cancelled orders will be charged a 20% restocking fee. For more details scroll down to the bottom of our page and see our Online Return Policy.Shipping-- If choosing in-store up as your option please indicate which location you would like to pick up in. Once your order has arrived at your selected location and is available for pickup you will be contacted via the phone number you included on your order.


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Last week Google announced it was discontinuing Internet Explorer 8 support for Google Apps and Google Apps for Business, Education and Government. Google's practice is that when a new browser version is released, it upgrades support for the newest version and drops support for the third oldest version.
That means that when IE 10 is released on Oct. 26, 2012, Google will stop support for IE 8 on Nov. 15. After this date, Google says, "users accessing Google Apps services using Internet Explorer 8 will see a message recommending that they upgrade their browser."
While many users appreciate the ability to leverage the new capabilities that newer browsers support, users in government and education might have a problem.
According to TheNextWeb, IE8 is the latest version of Explorer that can be installed on XP machines, and XP machines make up 23 percent of the U.S. market, which translates into hundreds of millions of installations, most of which are used by businesses, schools and governments. Consequently, "the search giant is effectively stopping Windows XP users from using Google Apps with Internet Explorer," TNW writes.
And to make matters worse, neither IE9 nor IE10, which will debut alongside Windows 8 in late October, runs on Windows XP, according to Computerworld's Gregg Keiser. Affected applications might include Gmail and Google Calendar, Keiser added.
While Microsoft's support for both Windows XP and Office 2003 will end in April 2014, the company has committed to supporting IE8 on Windows 7 until 2020, Keiser added. Google is the first major online software maker to drop 2009's IE8 from a support list.
There's a lively discussion about the issue on Slashdot, where some think "this is Google's way to get sysadmins comfortable with Chrome in the workplace," and others who think Google is making a mistake because IE 8 is still so new that large enterprises are spending tens of millions upgrading from IE 6.
About the Author
Connect with the GCN staff on Twitter @GCNtech.
E-Mail this page
Printable Format
From a security standpoint and supporting modern web standards, IE9 and and IE 10 are significantly better than IE8. Organizations that remain old older browsers will experience increasing gaps in capabilities and be challenged to meet their enterprise users' expectations which are driven by their consumer experience.
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Support PDF,DOC,DOCX,TXT,XLS,WPD,HTM,HTML fils up to 5MB
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ProfileLaw Clerk Internship for Academic Year The clerk will research and write memoranda, pleadings, and correspondence. Will assist in preparation for litigation, i.e., depositions, witness interviews, and discovery. Draft client advice memos and attend meetings where that advice is then presented to the client. Will have the opportunity to observe attorneys in court, particularly for those cases for which the law clerk provided assistance. Rule 9 law clerks may be allowed to present in court. Will serve in the Revenue division. Students must be enrolled in an ABA accredited law school during the duration of internship. Must be committed to public service as demonstrated by an intern's background, talents, attitude, and enthusiasm for public law practice. Should have a diverse background in education, prior work experience, law school activities, extracurricular activities, community service and areas of interest that enhance the office.
Additional info
Apply online and submit letter of interest, resume and letter of recommendation/reference. Second-year and LLM students are required to submit 1 letter of recommendation. First-year law students must submit a list of 3+ references.
Company info
Letrice Tobin
Washington State Attorney General's Office
1125 Washington St SE
Olympia, WA 98504-0100
Phone: 206-587-5613


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آسیب شناسی . مقاله انگلیسی [آسیب شناسی , ]
Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science
Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science
Karim Khan and Peter BrukerOlympic Sports Medicine ClinicMelbourne, Australia
Khan, K., & Bruker, P. Ankle acute injuries. In: Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science, T.D.Fahey (Editor). Internet Society for Sport Science: http://sportsci.org. 7 March 1998.
Ligamentous injuries around the ankle joint are among the most common sporting injuries especially in jumping sports (e.g., basketball, volleyball). They are not always well managed. Associated injuries are frequently not diagnosed and the rehabilitation of ligamentous injuries is often inadequate leading to a high rate of recurrence.
Functional Anatomy
The ankle contains three joints. The talocrural or ankle joint is a hinge joint formed between the inferior surface of the tibia and the superior surface of the talus. The medial and lateral malleoli provide additional articulations and stability to the ankle joint. The movements at the ankle joint are plantarflexion and dorsiflexion.
The inferior tibiofibular joint the articulation of the distal parts of the fibula and tibia. The inferior tibiofibular joint is supported by the tibiofibular ligaments or syndesmosis. A small amount of rotation is present at this joint. The subtalar joint between the talus and calcaneus is divided into an anterior and posterior articulation separated by the sinus tarsi. The main roles of the subtalar joint are to provide shock absorption, to permit the foot to adjust to uneven ground and to allow the foot to remain flat on the ground when the leg is at an angle to the surface.
The ligaments of the ankle joint are shown in Figure 1. The lateral ligament consists of three parts: the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) which passes as a flat band from the tip of the fibula anteriorly to the lateral talar neck; the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), which is a cord-like structure directed somewhat posteriorly; and the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), which runs posteriorly from the fibula to the talus. The medial or deltoid ligament of the ankle (not shown) is a strong, fan shaped ligament extending from the medial malleolus anteriorly to the navicular and talus, inferiorly to the calcaneus and posteriorly to the talus.
Figure 1: Lateral ligaments of the ankle joint.
Clinical Perspective
Inversion injuries are far more common than eversion injuries due to the relative instability of the lateral joint and weakness of the lateral ligaments compared to the medial ligament. Eversion injuries are seen occasionally. The strong medial ligament requires a greater force to be injured, therefore, these sprains usually take longer to rehabilitate. Ankle injuries are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Ankle acute injuries.
Less Common
Uncommon but not to be Missed
The most important component of the assessment of ligamentous injuries is to determine the degree, if any, of instability present in the joint. This will determine the management of the injury. A comprehensive rehabilitation program is required in athletes with ligamentous injuries of the ankle if they are to return to their sport with full functional capacity and avoid recurrence of the injury.
Occasionally, other structures are damaged in addition to the ligaments. If these are not recognized and treated, prolonged pain and disability may result. These include fractures around the ankle joint, osteochondral fractures of the dome of the talus and dislocation of the peroneal tendons.
The mechanism of onset is an important clue to the diagnosis. An inversion injury suggests lateral ligament damage, an eversion injury medial ligament damage. The presence of a compressive component indicates the possibility of osteochondral injury.
At the time of the injury, the athlete may have heard a snap or tear. Unlike the significance of a 'snap' or 'pop' in an acute knee injury, this sensation is not of diagnostic significance
The location of pain will give an indication as to the ligaments injured. The most common site is over the anterolateral aspect of the ankle involving the ATFL. Occasionally in severe injuries, both medial and lateral ligamentous structures will be damaged.
Most ankle joint injuries are accompanied by swelling. The site of the swelling may give an indication of the location of the pathology, but the degree of swelling is usually, but not always a reliable indication of severity.
The degree of disability, both immediately following the injury and subsequently, is an important indicator of the severity of the injury. The initial management, the use of the RICE regimen and the duration of restricted weight bearing after the injury should all be noted.
A previous history of ankle injury and an assessment of the quality of the post-injury rehabilitation programme should be obtained. Subsequent use of protective tape and braces should be noted.
Examination of the ankle requires assessment of the degree of instability present and the grading of the ligamentous injury. Examination should detect functional disability such as loss of range of motion, reduced strength and reduced proprioception. For illustration of clinical examination the reader is directed to Clinical Sports Medicine pp 440-2
X-ray including A-P, lateral and at least one oblique view should be performed after ankle sprains in situations where instability is present or when acute bony tenderness is present on the malleoli or the medial or lateral dome of the talus. X rays of the ankle joint must include the base of the 5th metatarsal to exclude associated fracture.
An osteochondral fracture may not be apparent on initial X-ray. If significant pain and disability are present despite appropriate treatment 4 - 6 weeks after an apparent 'routine' ankle sprain, specialist sports physician or orthopedic surgeon referral is indicated. A radioisotopic bone scan may be performed to exclude an osteochondral fracture.
Lateral Ligament Injuries
Lateral ligament injuries occur in activities involving rapid changes in direction, especially on uneven surfaces. They are also seen when contact with another competitor's feet causes imbalance in jumping or landing. They are one of the most common injuries seen in basketball, volleyball, netball and most football codes.
In the typical inversion and plantarflexion injury, the three parts of the lateral ligament are usually damaged in order depending on the severity of the sprain. The ATFL is the first ligament damaged, followed by the CFL and finally the PTFL. Complete tear of all three ligaments results in a dislocation of the ankle joint and is frequently associated with a fracture.
In the assessment of lateral ligament injuries, each of the three components of the ligament must be examined and the overall degree of instability determined. Lateral ligament injuries are divided into three grades. Grade I corresponds to a minor tear with pain produced by stressing the ligament, but no laxity. Grade 11 injuries are painful on stressing the ligament and show some degree of laxity on examination, but have a firm end point. Grade 111 injuries show gross laxity without a discernible endpoint. Grading of these injuries gives a guide to prognosis and helps determine the rate of rehabilitation.
The usual mechanism of lateral ligament injury is inversion and plantarflexion. This may be accompanied by an audible snap, crack or tear. Depending on the severity of the injury, the athlete may have been able to continue activity immediately or have been forced to rest. Swelling usually appears soon after the injury, although occasionally it may be delayed some hours.
Treatment of lateral ligament injuries
The management of lateral ligament injuries of all three grades follows the same principles.
Initial Management
The initial management of lateral ligament injuries requires the RICE regimen. This is probably the single most important factor in treatment, particularly with Grade I and Grade II injuries. Many of the problems resulting from ankle sprains are due to the presence of blood and edema in and around the joint. This restricts the range of motion of the joint and can act as an irritant causing excessive synovial reaction. As well as ice, compression and elevation, it is important for the injured athlete to avoid factors which will promote blood flow and swelling, e.g. hot showers, heat rubs, alcohol, excessive weight bearing.
Reduction Of Pain And Swelling
Pain and swelling can be reduced with the use of electrotherapeutic modalities, e.g., TENS, interferential, magnetic field therapy. Analgesics may be required. Gentle soft tissue therapy and mobilization after the first 48 hours also may help to reduce pain. By reducing pain and swelling, muscle inhibition around the joint is minimized enabling range of motion exercises to be performed.
Restoration of Full Range Of Motion
The patient may be non weight bearing on crutches for the first 24 hours, but should then commence partial weight bearing in normal heel-toe gait. It will be necessary from this stage to protect the damaged joint with strapping or bracing. This will allow partial and ultimately full weight bearing without danger of aggravating the injury. Accessory and physiological mobilization of the ankle, subtalar and midtarsal joints should be commenced early in the rehabilitation process. As soon as pain allows, active range of motion exercises, e.g. stationary cycling, can be commenced.
Muscle Conditioning
Strengthening exercises should be commenced as soon as pain allows. Active exercises should be performed initially with gradually increasing resistance. Exercises should include plantar and dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion. Eversion strength is particularly important in the prevention of future lateral ligament injuries. Weight bearing exercises should be commenced as soon as possible.
Restoration Of Normal Proprioception
Proprioception is invariably impaired after ankle ligament injuries. Proprioceptive retraining exercises can be commenced early in the rehabilitation stage and should be gradually progressed from balancing on one leg to the use of the rockerboard or minitramp and ultimately to functional activities while balancing.
Functional Exercises
Functional exercises, e.g., jumping, hopping, twisting, figure-of-eight running, should be commenced when the athlete is pain-free, has full range of motion and adequate muscle strength and proprioception.
Return To Sport
Return to sport is permitted when functional exercises can be performed without pain during or after activity. While performing rehabilitation activities and upon return to sport, added ankle protection is required. This can be provided either with taping or bracing. As both seem equally effective, the choice of taping or bracing should be made on the grounds of patient preference, cost, availability and expertise in tape application.
Any athlete who has had a significant lateral ligament injury should have protective taping or bracing for all future sporting activities. There are a number of methods to protect against inversion injuries. The three main methods of tape application are stirrups, heel lock and the figure-of-six. Usually at least two of these methods are used.
Braces have the advantage of ease of fitting and adjustment, lack of skin irritation and reduced cost compared to taping over a lengthy period. There are a number of different ankle braces available. The lace-up brace is an effective ankle brace.
Treatment of Grade III Injuries
Treatment of grade III ankle injuries requires initial conservative management over a 6 week period. If the patient continues to make good progress and is able to perform sporting activity with the aid of taping or bracing and without persistent problems during or following activity, surgery may not be required. If however, despite appropriate rehabilitation and protection, the patient complains of recurrent episodes of instability or persistent pain, then surgical reconstruction of the lateral ligament, using one of the peroneal tendons or a fibular periosteal flap, is recommended. Following surgery, it is extremely important to undertake a comprehensive rehabilitation programme to restore full joint range of motion, strength and proprioception.
The indications for use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in ankle injuries is unclear. The majority of practitioners tend to prescribe these drugs in all cases of lateral ligament sprains although evidence of their efficacy in this condition is not convincing. However, it may be appropriate to commence medication 2-3 days following injury because of the risk of developing synovitis on resumption of weight bearing.
Medial Ligament Injuries
Medial ligament injuries do not occur as frequently as lateral ligament injuries because the deltoid ligament requires considerable force to be damaged. Occasionally they may be seen in conjunction with a lateral ligament injury. Medial ligament injuries may occur with fracture of the medial malleolus, talar dome or damage to articular surfaces. Medial ligament sprains should be treated in the same manner as lateral ligament sprains, although return to activity may be prolonged.
Pott's Fracture
A fracture affecting one or more of the malleoli (lateral, medial, posterior) is known as a Pott's fracture. It can be difficult to distinguish clinically between a fracture and a moderate to severe ligament sprain. Both conditions may result from inversion injuries, with severe pain and varying degrees of swelling and disability.
The management of these fractures involves restoration of the normal relationship between the superior surface of the talus and the ankle mortise (inferior margins of tibia and fibula). If this relationship has been disrupted, internal fixation is required.
Isolated spiral fractures of the lateral malleolus (without medial ligament instability) and posterior malleolar fractures involving less than 25% of the articular surface are very stable. These fractures can be treated symptomatically with immobilization and crutches in the early stages for pain relief only.
Lateral malleolar fractures associated with medial instability, hairline medial malleolar fractures or larger undisplaced posterior malleolar fractures are potentially unstable, but may be treated conservatively. This involves a below knee cast extending to include the metatarsal heads. A walking heel may be applied after swelling has subsided (3-5 days). The cast should be worn for 6 weeks.
Displaced medial malleolar, large posterior malleolar, bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures, or any displaced fracture which involves the ankle mortise, should be internally fixed. A comprehensive rehabilitation program should be undertaken following surgical fixation or removal of cast. The aims of the rehabilitation program are to restore full range of motion, strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve proprioception.
Persistent Pain After Ankle Sprain: the "Difficult Ankle"
In most cases of ligament sprain, the patient progresses satisfactorily through the rehabilitation process with reduction in pain and swelling and improvement in function. However, there is a significant group of patients who do not progress well and complain of persistent pain, swelling and impaired function without any indication of improvement 3-6 weeks after their injury. In these cases, it is important to consider the presence of one of the conditions listed in Table 2.
Table 2: Causes of persistent ankle pain following acute injury.
An ankle ligament injury which is inadequately rehabilitated may present with persistent pain and loss of function. This usually occurs with increased activity levels. The common problems associated with inadequate rehabilitation are a loss of range of motion in the ankle joint (especially dorsiflexion), weakness of the peroneal muscles and impaired proprioception. Management involves restoration of full dorsiflexion by mobilization of the ankle joint, a programme of strengthening exercises for the peroneal muscles and proprioceptive exercises.
If rehabilitation has been appropriate and symptoms persist, it is necessary to consider the presence of other pathology. Symptoms of intra-articular pathology include clicking, locking and joint swelling. Examination may reveal effusion, bony tenderness or swelling at the sinus tarsi or peroneal tendons. The ankle should be re-assessed for evidence of chronic ligamentous instability.
Osteochondral Fractures of the Talar Dome
Osteochondral fractures of the dome of the talus which occur in association with ankle sprains are commonly overlooked. These fractures may occur when there is a compressive component to the inversion injury, especially with landing from a jump. The dome of the talus is compressed by the tibial plafond causing damage of the osteochondral surface. The fractures occur most commonly in the superomedial and the superolateral corners of the talus.
If large, these fractures may be recognized at the time of injury. The fracture site will be tender and may be evident on X-ray. Usually the fracture is not detected initially and the patient presents some time later complaining of an unremitting ache in the ankle, despite appropriate treatment for a ankle sprain. The patient often presents with a history of progressing well following a sprain, but then developing symptoms of increasing pain and swelling, stiffness and perhaps catching or locking as activity is increased.
Anderson, I.F., Crichton, J.K., Grattan-Smith, T., et al. Osteochondral fractures of the dome of the talus. J. Bone Joint Surg. 71A: 143-52, 1989.
Brukner, P. and K. Khan. Clinical sports medicine. Sydney: McGraw Hill, 1993.
Kannus, P. and P. Renstrom. Treatment for acute tears of the lateral ligaments of the ankle. J. Bone Joint Surg. 73A: 305-12, 1991.
Vegso, J.J., and E. Harman. Nonoperative management of athletic ankle injuries. Clin. Sports Med. 1: 85-98, 1982.
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Kern County Sheriff Lt. Mike Scott was promoted to his present rank Dec. 21. His new duties include oversight of several substations in East Kern County.
He is one of two lieutenants for the East Area and is responsible for the Mojave, Boron, Tehachapi and Rosamond substations.
Scott is a 30-year law-enforcement veteran, which includes 19 years with the Ridgecrest Police Department.
"Basically it's a managerial position," he said of his new rank. "I deal more with staff and issues."
He spent much of his time with the KCSO at the Ridgecrest Substation, except for a brief stint as sergeant of the Lamont Substation.
Scott said he will still live in Ridgecrest, but his main office is in Mojave.
"It's just a little longer drive to the office," he said. "Instead of having a five-minute drive to the office, I have a 50-minute drive to the office."
Scott said his management style is the same as when he was a sergeant.
"I'm not very involved working with the troops," he said. "When it gets to budget and staffing, you have to work within the confines of what the budget is."
Scott said he is not a micromanager.
"That's one of the compliments I received from the troops," he said. "They said, 'Mike you're a cop's cop. You understand the issues and the work."
He said he believes the Ridgecrest Substation will be in good hands with Sgt. Paul Leonard.
"He worked out here before, and he asked to come out here," said Scott. "That's huge. A lot of times when you have promotions, they get sent out to whatever what's open. He chose to come out here. He's involved in dirt bikes, so he's going to be in charge of the Off-Road Vehicle Enforcement Team. It's going to be a good fit for that."
Scott also serves on the Sierra Sands Unified School District Board of Education.


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Robin Thicke releases "Blurred Lines" today!
Hey, hey, hey! If you've been bootie-shaking to Robin Thicke's seventies-inspired track "Blurred Lines" all summer, then it's time to add a few more dance tracks to your collection. Following a fairly silent release of "Love After War" in 2011, Thicke's latest venture steers off the tracks of his previous R&B pursuits, and onto a pop music path that pulls a vibrant, free-flowing energy from his party boy lifestyle. "Blurred Lines" (the album) makes a stylish comeback for disco too, weaving some Marvin Gaye or early MJ -style licks throughout this perky dance album…with a few R&B songs thrown in on the end.
(image courtesy of robinthicke.com)


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Am I Zhuangzi dreaming I'm a butterfly or am I a butterfly dreaming I'm Zhuangzi?
I've been a fan of Zhuangzi for quite some time. He is simply a lot of fun.
thank you for sharing.. haven't read it but now I'll look for it :)
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External Scholarships, Fellowships and Awards
American Association of University Women - The AAUW Educational Foundation has a long and distinguished history of advancing educational and professional opportunities for women in the United States and around the globe.
Gerald R. Ford Foundation - Each year, the Gerald R. Ford Foundation awards grants to scholars conducting research at the Gerald R. Ford Library, located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Each grant includes up to $2,000 in support of defraying cost of travel, living, and photocopy expenses of a research trip to the Ford Library from within North America
International Affairs Fellowships - Council on Foreign Relations - The Council offers a variety of fellowships.
International Education Financial Services Organization - The IEFA. provides numerous scholarships, grants, and awards for international students interested in studying in the United States.
Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Scholarship - One of the largest and most competitive scholarship programs in the nation, the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Scholarship provides awards of up to $50,000 per year for up to six years of study to deserving low-income college seniors and recent college graduates. Students interested in the program must be nominated by the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation faculty representative at their school, and may not apply directly to the Foundation.
James E. Webb Internship Program - Internships are offered to U.S. minority undergraduate junior, seniors and graduate students majoring in areas of business or public administration. These opportunities are intended to increase participation of minority groups who are underrepresented in the management of not-for-profit scientific and cultural organizations. Interns are placed in offices, museums, and research institutes throughout the Smithsonian Institution.
Mary Louise Roller Panhellenic Scholarship - The Mary Lousie Roller Panhellenic Scholarship is an annual award of $1,000 awarded to an undergraduate woman who plans to attend graduate school the following fall.
North American Treaty Organization (NATO) Fellowships - NATO Headquarters (HQ) introduced its Internship Programme in 2004. The aim of the programme is to provide a small number of current or recent students with the opportunity to intern with the International Staff at NATO Headquarters in Brussels.
Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans - The purpose of The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans is to provide opportunities for continuing generations of able and accomplished New Americans to achieve leadership in their chosen fields. The Program is established in recognition of the contributions New Americans have made to American life and in gratitude for the opportunities the United States has afforded the donors and their family.
Presidential Management Fellowship - The purpose of the Program is to attract to the Federal service outstanding men and women from a variety of academic disciplines and career paths who have a clear interest in, and commitment to, excellence in the leadership and management of public policies and programs.
The Robert Bosch Foundation Fellowship - Over the course of a nine-month program, Bosch Fellows complete two work phases at leading German institutions, both customized to each fellow's professional expertise, and attend three seminars with key decision-makers from the public and private sectors, taking place across Europe. The program is fully funded by Robert Bosch Stiftung, one of the largest foundations in Germany, with the goal of creating a new generation of American leaders who have firsthand experience in the political, economic and cultural environment of Germany and the E.U.
Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarships - The purpose of the Ambassadorial Scholarships program is to further international understanding and friendly relations among people of different countries and geographical areas.
Title VIII Research Scholar Program - Funded by the U.S. Department of State, Program for the Study of Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (Title VIII), the American Councils Research Scholar Program provides full support for graduate students, faculty, and independent scholars seeking to conduct in-country, independent research for three months to nine months in Belarus, Central Asia, Russia, the South Caucasus, Ukraine, and Moldova.
White House Fellows Program - White House Fellows typically spend a year working as full-time, paid special assistants to senior White House Staff, the Vice President, Cabinet Secretaries and other top-ranking government officials. Fellows also participate in an education program consisting of roundtable discussions with renowned leaders from the private and public sectors, and trips to study U.S. policy in action both domestically and internationally. Fellowships are awarded on a strictly non-partisan basis.


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Readers of Catholic News Service have seen Paul Jeffrey's stories from around the world: Libya, Philippines, Sudan, Honduras. In this, his own blog, he talks about his recent experience in Egypt: the Advent of Egyptians in Tahrir Square; good cops and bad cops; the wisdom of elders trying to calm youth.
But if a picture speaks a thousand words, blog readers will learn even more about Egypt. The photos are stunning, as always.


text: In a perfect world, we'd register for everything under the sun and it would all be topnotch, the best of the best. But let's get real here people, that's not feasible or fair. So how to choose which kitchen appliances to go big with, and which ones to keep a bit more reasonable? We rounded up registry essentials, sharing both sides of the spectrum, so you can choose the one that best fits your future!


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iPhone 8 and 8+
Large range of Custom iPhone 8 Cases and Custom iPhone 8 Plus Cases. Large range of styles, printing and manufacturing techniques.
Free Samples Available - Enquire Now for a Custom Quote
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More cases available than shown, as well as a range of manufacturing techniques - get in touch with us and let us know your requirements, and we can offer you the best solution for your needs
At Custom Logo Cases, we believe that your phone case represents you and your company. That's why we provide free artwork mocks and design services, so you can receive a one of a kind phone case that represents your company, best.
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Our most protective full wrap-around, clip on case. Made from polycarbonate plastic with rubber interior. It's specifically built to resist high impact shocks from a fall. You have the freedom to customize your cases in a variety of colours. With high-quality print resolution, you'll be able to promote your company colours or logo in a crisp and clear fashion.
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Featuring a full wrap-around, clip on case. Made from polycarbonate plastic, used to make bulletproof glass, you can be certain your company issued iPhone 8s will be safe. You have the freedom to customize your cases in a variety of colours. With high-quality print resolution, you'll be able to promote your company colours or logo in a crisp and clear fashion.
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If you're looking to add flare and personality to your iPhone 8s without bulk, custom skins are your ideal choice. With high-quality print resolution and vinyl, you'll be able to show off your company brand in pristine detail. They're easy to apply and remove, without leaving unwanted residue on the phone.
Custom iPhone 8 Hard Leather Cases:
Made from high-quality polycarbonate and finished with a fine polyurethane leather, (vegan or real) your hard leather case is a classy choice. You're free to pick from a wide range of colours with an embossed or printed finish, you're guaranteed to get the case that represents your company best.
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Custom wallet cases are one of our best sellers. Made from genuine or vegan leather you'll be sure to keep all employees happy. Coupled with a polycarbonate shell to add extra protection against bumps and scrapes. With a large range of colours, you have the freedom to choose from a printed or embossed finish to this case.
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One of our best sellers, your iPhone 8 gel case is made from flexible and shock-absorbent thermoplastic polyurethane. It's a cost-effective way of protecting against life's everyday bumps and damage. Easy to recycle, you can ensure your company is playing a part in protecting the environment. Gel cases are excellent for customization, you have freedom to choose from a multitude of colours and finish with a logo or graphic design.
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Environmentally friendly, you'll be able to promote the greenness of your company with these custom bamboo cases. Cost effective and sustainable, you have the choice of a variety of shades. Take advantage of a laser engraved a decoration of your wish, making the case unique to your company.
Custom iPhone 8 Wood Cases:
Crafted from sturdy wood, your custom iPhone 8 wooden cases come with a classy natural grain. Your wooden cases are strong and durable, protecting phones from cracks and scratches. Get a unique design, we can finish these cases in a number of natural stains. You have the choice to laser engrave a decoration of your wish, making the case unique to your company.
No matter what iPhone 8 cases you choose, you'll rest easy knowing we only produce the finest quality cases from the best materials available. All cases are designed to the precise iPhone 8 specifications. None of our cases cover the front or rear cameras and allow your employees full access to the device's buttons, jacks ports, and connectors.
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5 New Picture Books Starring Real Life Characters
Is it just me, or has there been a noticeable upswing in quality picture book biographies lately? On account of our four-year-old son's new interest in nonfiction, biographies have been in heavy rotation at our house. And lucky for us, some really nicely illustrated and approachable ones have shown up on the bookshelves. Take for instance, these five new picture book bios released in the last couple months.
Barnum's Bones: How Barnum Brown Discovered the Most Famous Dinosaur in the World by Tracey Fern (Author), Boris Kulikov (Illustrator)
Kulivov illustrates the adventure and excitement of Barnum's discovery, but also his wild imagination - dancing with an imaginary dinosaur or conjuring up an image of a Triceratops from a single fossilized horn.
Bon Appetit! The Delicious Life of Julia Child by Jessie Hartland
A cross between a picture book and graphic novel, Bon Appetit is jam packed with details with everything from Julia's childhood growing up in California, to her career as a spy in the OSS, to her marriage to Paul Child, and her eventual move to Paris where she ultimately developed her love of great food and desire to learn to cook.
Minette's Feast: The Delicious Story of Julia Child and Her Cat by Susanna Reich (Author), Amy Bates (Illustrator)
I know, another Julia Child bio, but I couldn't make up my mind. They're both so good. This one is an especially charming book for cat lovers, food lovers, and Julia fans, presented in a more traditional picture book format, versus the jumbled style of Bon Appetit!
The Elephant from Baghdad by Mary Tavener Holmes (Author), John Harris (Author), Jon Cannell (Illustrator)
The tale of Charlemange, the emperor of Europe, and his beloved albino elephant, Abu, gifted to him by the Muslim caliph Harun al-Rashid. Illustrated with mixed media artwork and photographic references to historical artifacts, paintings, and sculptures.
The Camping Trip that Changed America by Barb Rosenstock (Author), Mordicai Gerstein (Illustrator)
A fictional biography based on the true story of naturalist John Muir who inspired President Theodore Roosevelt's love of the great outdoors and his passion to protect America's National forests.