text: News & Events / News print News View All General Faculty Alumni Students RSS Feeds YEAR 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 12.17.09 Professor Roberta Karmel Publishes Column in New York Law Journal on the Clash of the SEC and CTFC In Professor Roberta Karmel's column, "Securities Regulation," explores the conflicts between the SEC and CTFC in light of the current economic crisis. Read More 12.17.09 AALS President Cites Professor Schneider's Work as of "Critical Value" to Education and Legal Culture December 17, 2009 – The President of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) praised Brooklyn Law School Professor Elizabeth M. Schneider's work as "critical not only for its value to education, but for helping to transform legal culture" in her President's Message in the latest issue of AALS News. Read More 12.16.09 Professor Jonathan Askin Testifies Before City Council Committees on BLIP On December 16, Professor Jonathan Askin testified before the New York City Council Committee on Technology in Government and Committee on Economic Development, Technology, Community, Entrepreuneurs, and Developers to share ideas about digital entrepreneurship and discuss the Brooklyn Law Incubator & Policy Clinic (BLIP). Read More 12.10.09 Papers by Professors Baer and Mazzone Chosen for Federalist Society's Young Scholars Panel Papers written by Professors Miriam Baer and Jason Mazzone were competitively selected for presentation at the Federalist Society's Young Legal Scholars Panel at the Society's 12th annual faculty conference to be held in New Orleans in January. Read More 12.01.09 Memorial Service to be Held for Professor Eve Cary The Brooklyn Law School community lost a cherished member of its faculty with the passing of Professor Eve Cary, who died on September 29, following a brave battle with ovarian cancer. To celebrate her life there will be a memorial service on February 18, 2010 at 4PM in the Moot Court Room at the Law School. Read More 11.01.09 Professor Tebbe Quoted in New York Times In the days before the 2009 election, registered voters of City Council 34 received prerecorded calls from Bishop Nicholas DiMarzio, the Roman Catholic bishop of Brooklyn, praising City Council District candidate Vito J. Lopez. While the message did not instruct New Yorkers to vote for the bishop's preferred candidate, it did walk a fine line that limits nonprofit organizations, which have tax-exempt status, from advocating for particular politicians. Read More 10.30.09 Professor Charles Korsmo Featured in AmLaw Daily Visiting Assistant Professor Charles Korsmo was profiled in AmLaw Daily about his transition from child actor to law professor. Before attending law school, he acted in such films as Dick Tracy, Hook, and Can't Hardly Wait. Read More 10.26.09 Professor Jonathan Askin Defends Public Ad Campaign in New York Post Five artists were arrested for criminal mischief and making graffiti in a protest organized by the Public Ad Campaign to replace billboard advertisements with art. About 80 artists whitewashed and painted over illegal billboards throughout the city. Read More 10.20.09 Professor Roberta Karmel Signs Brief Against Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Nine separate amicus briefs have been submitted asking the U.S. Supreme Court to determine the Sarbanes-Oxley Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) unconstitutional. The briefs were signed by many prominent "friends of the court," including three former U.S. Attorneys General, several law professors and economists, and Professor Roberta Karmel, formerly Commissioner of the Securities Exchange Commission. Read More 10.19.09 Professor David Reiss Presents at the Cato Institute Professor David Reiss presented at the Cato Institute's policy forum "Which Way Forward for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?" in Washington, DC. Panelists at the event are policy and economic experts discussed the past and present regulatory structures of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as offer proposals for reform. Read More 10.15.09 Professor Roberta Karmel Comments on Derivatives Bill Professor Roberta Karmel was quoted in the Washington Post on the debate over the derivatives bill in the House of Representatives. The bill would require banks and firms to meet capital and reporting requirements, as well as trade through clearinghouses in a move towards remaking the nation's financial regulatory system. Read More 10.14.09 Professor Christopher Serkin Quoted in Daily News on Atlantic Yards Case New York's top court heard arguments on whether the state can legally seize private property to build Atlantic Yards, the proposed Nets arena. The outcome of the case will determine whether eminent domain can be used as a reason for new private development. Read More 10.11.09 Professor Miriam Baer's Article Listed on Top-Ten Recent SSRN Downloads Professor Miriam Baer's article "Governing Corporate Compliance" was listed this week as one of the most downloaded SSRN pieces. Her paper, published in the Boston College Law Review, argues that the key problem with corporate compliance is its regulation through an adversarial system that pits federal prosecutors against corporate defense counsel, fueling distrust between corporate entities and the government. Read More 10.03.09 Professor William Hellerstein Quoted in Times Union Many claimed the New York Supreme Court was playing partisan politics when it granted Gov. David Paterson the right to elect his lieutenant governor. However, several ex-judges have defended the decision, saying that the parties under which they were appointed did not reflect their choices in court. Professor William Hellerstein, who has argued many cases at Supreme Court added, "The fact that Judge Read was with the majority I think supports my own feeling that this is not a political decision." Read More 10.02.09 Professor Robert Pitler Suggests Sweeping Changes for State Liquor Authority The New York Law Revision Commission has released a 43-page evaluation of the State Liquor Authority. The report says the SLA "jeopardizes public health and safety and exacerbates the economic crisis currently plaguing New York," and recommends huge changes to streamline the liquor regulation, including extending hours for the sale of alcohol. The Times Union quoted Professor Pitler, chair of the Law Rivision Commission, who said, "This is clearly the largest...most work-intensive report [he's] been involved with...What they're facing is massive." Read More 10.01.09 Professor Michael Cahill Publishing New Article on Blackmail and the Law Professor Michael Cahill was featured on the CrimProf Blog, a blog for law professors, for his new article, "Competing Theories of Blackmail: An Empirical Research Critique of Criminal Law Theory." The piece, co-written by Professor Paul Robinson from the University of Pennsylvania Law School and Professor Daniel Bartels from the University of Chicago, analyzes and critiques various current theories, as well as reveals the conflict between community views on the issue and existing legislation. Read More 09.28.09 Professor Christopher Serkin on The Brian Lehrer Show Professor Christopher Serkin was interviewed at length on the WNYC radio public affairs program, The Brian Lehrer Show, on Monday, September 28. The topic was eminent domain, the power of the government to take property, and its usage in New York City, including in Brooklyn's Atlantic Yards. Read More 09.24.09 Professor Roberta Karmel Presents at SEC Historical Society's "New World of Financial Regulation" Professor Karmel participated in the Securities and Exchange Commission Historical Society's program "New World of Financial Regulation," sponsored by the law firm Bingham McCutchen. The debate focused on the different options for creating a more effective financial regulatory system in light our current global economic crisis. Read More 09.22.09 Professor Anita Bernstein Warns Students About Practice Perils Law students will be better prepared for practice if they are fully aware of the perils, says Professor Anita Bernstein in the American Bar Association Journal. Her working paper, "Pitfalls Ahead: A Manifesto for the Training of Lawyers," presents potential problems--why lawyers lose their licenses and when to fight with a judge, among others--to equip students with a full picture of their future careers. Read More 09.21.09 Professor Elizabeth Schneider Quoted in National Law Journal Professor Elizabeth Schneider was quoted in the National Law Journal on Monday concerning the Ashcroft v. Iqbal ruling, which has increased the amount of initial evidence a plaintiff needs to avoid having the case dismissed. Professor Schneider, who has written extensively on federal civil procedure, told the Law Journal that the Iqbal case forces judges to go "line by line" through pleadings, open the door to judicial bias. Read More 09.14.09 Professor Jason Mazzone Quoted in Connecticut Law Tribune Professor Jason Mazzone was quoted on September 14 in the Connecticut Law Tribune about an upcoming intellectual property case concerning the MTA and a software developer. The developer, Chris Schoenfeld, created an iPhone application that allowed users to access train schedules without internet access, on which the MTA is now demanding royalties. Professor Mazzone argues that Schoenfeld is in the right, since listings of train arrival and departure times are facts, which cannot be copyright protected. Read More 09.11.09 Professor William Hellerstein Quoted in New York Times on Skelos v. Paterson The New York State Court of Appeals will soon decide whether Gov. David Paterson legally appointed Richard Ravitch as lieutenant governor. The case will settle a constitutional question whether the governor has the authority to choose his lieutenant if the position is vacant. Professor William Hellerstein was quoted in the New York Times about the potential outcomes of the case, which could be a huge setback for Gov. Paterson in the event the court rules against him. Professor Hellerstein told the Times, "Any opinion that comes down that might rule against the governor could be properly viewed as a slap-down of the governor… Cases that go the heart of a government structure and that involve separation of powers are cases in which judges would like to have unanimity. These are the kinds of cases that if one can get unanimity, they can have greater acceptance in the body politic." Read More 09.08.09 New York Times Op-Ed by Professor Gora on Free Speech and 'Hillary: the Movie' The Supreme Court will hear rearguments on a case about the documentary Hillary: The Movie, on Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. The case concerns Citizens United, the conservative nonprofit group who produced the film, who attempted to broadcast commercials for it during the 2008 presidential election but were (ironically) barred by the McCain-Feingold campaign finance law. The issue was brought to court with opponents arguing that the restriction violated the First Amendment. Read More 09.02.09 BLS Welcomes Seven New Outstanding Faculty Members This fall, Brooklyn Law School welcomed seven new members to the faculty. The group includes three tenure-track faculty members, Frederic Bloom, Brian Lee, and Minor Myers; two legal writing instructors, Joy Kanwar and Tom Lin; and two new members of its Visiting Assistant Professor Program, Patricia Judd and Charles Korsmo. These professors not only bring considerable professional experience, but an impressive body of legal scholarship in the areas of corporate finance and governance, real property, intellectual property, civil procedure, international environmental law, and the law of war. Read More 09.01.09 Professor Edward Cheng and the Use of Statistics in Trials Statistics as a form of evidence have been used in trials for at least 40 years and their popularity is ever increasing. While there are benefits to presenting numbers as proof, Professor Cheng points out the high potential for statistical manipulation. In his forthcoming article "A Practical Solution to the Reference Class Problem," he argues that statistics depend on how the values are classified, which can easily be altered to fit a desired result. He says, "The resulting manipulability has the potential to completely undermine the objectivity and certainty that make statistical evidence so promising and attractive." Read More 09.01.09 Professor Joel Gora's Book on Campaign Finance Reviewed in The American Spectator Better Parties, Better Government: A Realistic Program for Campaign Finance Reform by Peter J. Wallison and Professor Joel Gora was featured in the September issue of The American Spectator with warm reviews. The book, published in May 2009, covers campaign finance reform and the McCain-Feingold Act of 2002. Reviewer Tom Bethell says of Professor Gora's work, "it is extremely well written, almost qualifying as a page-turner." Read More 09.01.09 Professor Susan Herman Named Alumna of the Month by NYU School of Law Professor Susan Herman was named September Alumna of the Month by New York University School of Law for her work with the American Civil Liberties Union, New York Civil Liberties Union, and Prisoners' Legal Services of New York. Read More 08.12.09 Professor Arthur Pinto Writes Letter to Editor of Wall Street Journal Professor Arthur Pinto wrote a letter to the editor of the Wall Street Journal in response to Russell G. Ryan's op-ed "The SEC vs. CEO Pay." In it, he disagrees with Ryan's argument that it is unfair and unlawful for the SEC to demand back the high salaries of the heads of major companies. Read More 05.19.09 Professor Karmel Addresses Tennesee Law Grads May 19, 2009 – Brooklyn Law School's Centennial Professor of Law Roberta S. Karmel was the keynote speaker at the University of Tennessee Law School's hooding ceremony on May 8, 2009 in Knoxville. UT's Arts and Sciences' graduation simultaneously featured East Tennessee native and acclaimed musician Dolly Parton, who was presented with an honorary doctorate degree as well. Read More 05.01.09 Visiting Assistant Professor's Work Wins National Acclaim Visiting Assistant Professor Ben Trachtenberg won the 2009 Ross Essay Contest for his article "Incarceration Policy Strikes Out." The Ross Essay Contest is sponsored by the American Bar Association's ABA Journal and carries a $5,000 prize. This year's prompt was to write an open letter to President Barack Obama and Congress describing the most important priority for improving the U.S. justice system. In his essay, Professor Trachtenberg argued that the exploding prison population compromises U.S. criminal justice policy and that a properly funded justice system that utilizes alternatives to incarceration, when appropriate, would place state budgets into a better balance concerning other resources. Read More 02.10.09 Professor Samuel Murumba Honored by Human Rights Watch Professor Samuel Murumba was honored by the Human Rights Watch board of directors on Feb. 5 at a dinner held to highlight his service to the organization. Two other HRW members – Vartan Gregorian, president of Carnegie Corporation of New York; and David Brown, a HRW board member – were honored as well. Read More 02.09.09 Professor Jason Mazzone Editorializes About Tax Audit Professor Jason Mazzone's op-ed was featured in the Legal Times on the need to tax audit all the members of Congress and other high-ranking government officials. In it, he explains that taxpayers are more likely to cheat if they see that others are doing so, and we should thus make an example of our public leaders. Read More 01.12.09 Professor Margaret Berger Honored with Wigmore Award The Evidence Section of the Association of American Law Schools presented Margaret Berger, Trustee Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School, with the Wigmore Lifetime Achievement Award at the Association's annual meeting, held January 6 - 10, 2009, in San Diego, Calif. The Wigmore Award recognizes the work of scholars in the field of evidence. Read More Read the latest issue of Brooklyn Law Notes Upcoming Events: WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 2018 Panel Discussion - Criminal Prosecution: Innovation & Reform FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 2018 IBL 2018 Scholars Roundtable MONDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2018 Experience Brooklyn Law Open House View all events


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text: Gus, I understand what you are saying I share the same thoughts on the use of the frequencies. Maybe by their use of them it keeps them active. I don't presume to have the answers or the money. I just wish I knew what a "real" ham is or was because no matter what part of the hobby I stick my nose into it seems the "good old days" are the measure. My observation of the hobby from my short 12 years in is that it's a hobby terribly stuck in the past for a large number of folks. John AG9D Sent from my iPod On Sep 19, 2012, at 10:30 PM, Gus 8P6SM <8p6sm at anjo.com> wrote: > On 09/19/2012 06:09 PM, John Spasojevich wrote: >> If you are going to push education, it's not real easy to sell someone like >> NASA who has launchers available, that their interest in education is >> served by launching an AO-40 replacement when it'll be full of "real hams" >> and little opportunity for students. The road to reduced cost launches lies >> with the education card and that is the path AMSAT-NA is on and until one >> of the "real hams" wants to step up and head a drive to raise several >> million dollars, I think you'll all be dead a buried before another AO-40 >> flies. > > I fear you are correct. About the likelihood of another HEO launch. But I disagree about the rest. > > The education card may gain us cheaper launches, but why are we bothering? A recent post here mentioned a five-satellite CubeSat launch, concluding that "Four of the CubeSats carry Amateur Radio payloads..." Excuse me? > > F-1 transmits on 145.980 MHz and 437.485 MHz which are both ham frequencies. But hams can't use this bird, because unless you want to look at earth images (and live in the vicinity of the ground-station) or you are interested in the spacecraft's obscure telemetry, there is nothing for you here. And if you ARE interested, you don't have to be a ham radio operator to "use" the satellite. All you need is the appropriate receiver and no license. > > FITSAT-1 transmits on 437.250 MHz, 437.445 MHz and 5.840 GHz. Again, all ham frequencies, and again, useable by ANYONE, with or without a ham license, because all you need is a receiver (seeing as all you can do is listen to some more obscure telemetry). The Hi-Brite LEDs writing CW in the sky is really neet... but you won't see it unless you live near the ground-station.... which I don't > > WE-WISH (apparently) downlinks on ham frequency 437.505 MHz. It seems to have a thermal imager on it, and presumably lots more obscure telemetry. Once again, non-hams can use this as easily as hams because it only requires you have a receiver, no interaction being possible. > > TechEdSat will allow you (and any non-ham with a receiver) to listen to the obscure telemetry (hereinafter "ObsTel") on ham frequency 437.465 MHz. Why you would want to, I can't imagine. > > So. Is this the sort of "Amateur Radio Payload" that we should hope for, if we continue to play the education card? Personally, I can't see why we should bother. Judging by these satellites, the phrase "carries an amateur radio payload" really means "usurps amateur radio frequencies for non-amateur use for telemetry and telecommand on non-amateur satellites". > > Let me make it plain. I have no objection to (and indeed, I support) satellites being launched for educational reasons. I suppose that I really don't even object to the HamSat frequencies being used for non-ham purposes, seeing as WE aren't using those frequencies for anything much. But what are we gaining from playing this education card? The hope that occasionally, we can arrange the launch of some short lifespan, low range, fast pass, single channel FM bird that I get to shout callsign and gridsquare at for 6-8 minutes at a time, on a good day? > > You know, I don't have 10M to spare, to pay for a HEO launch. If I did, I would. I might scrape together 10K to donate. But honestly now, why should I? Apparently there will never be another AO-13 for me (and "real hams") to enjoy, because such a bird will offer little opportunity for students. > > But of course, I am nobody special, and not even an AMSAT member (I'll tell you why, if you want me to) so you can safely ignore my post. > -- > 73, de Gus 8P6SM > The Easternmost Isle > _______________________________________________ > Sent via AMSAT-BB at amsat.org. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb


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by Alan Hardy
|An Inspector Cullot Mystery
Following the murder of a sexy, blonde bombshell (and, soon after, the bloody, gruesome, shocking murder of yet another sexy broad), ex-Inspector Cullot is called in to team up with his old side-kick, Detective Sergeant Watkins, to investigate the baffling crime. Together they set about solving the mysterious deaths at Bounderdales, the opulent mansion of the oil magnate, Henry Barble.
A small group of the rich, decadent, sophisticated and ultra-sexy are staying at the mansion. What secrets are each of them harbouring? Who are the guilty parties? And what is the dark secret from his own past which causes Cullot's frequent moments of dark despair? Why did he leave the Police Force? Did he jump, or was he pushed? Why does he now work in a department store, in Ladies Underwear?
The police constable first on the scene of the initial murder, PC Blunt, is ready to record every detail of the case, and assist his colleagues in their work. But what is his own past..? Is he as half-witted as he seems? What about gorgeous, sexy blonde bombshells, Stephanie and Gloria? And louche, limp-wristed Anthony Newhome? And Barble's son, Oswald? And Barble's demure, bespectacled secretary, Abigail? And ex-movie star, Janice Butler? Are they all who they say they are, or are some of them involved in a deadly game of murder and revenge? How are these murders linked to the unsolved Night-Club Hostess Murders which took place two years earlier? And, most puzzling of all, what is the meaning of the tattoos on the gorgeous buttocks of the assembled ladies?
Thrill to the suspense, the heart-ache, the twists and turns, the laugh-a-minute of this hilarious, baffling mystery. Get ready to follow the roller-coaster plot, with one surprise after surprise, and scintillating word-play and sparkling dialogue between the marvellous host of characters. Will you be able to work out who did it? A detective/murder mystery like no other…
Other titles to consider by Alan Hardy
Through The Gates
|Lilo Abernathy
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Garrett Addison
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Don Massenzio
Randy Massey
Constance Masters
M. R. Mathias
Nicola C. Matthews
P. T. Mayes
Wyatt McIntyre
Stephanie Parker McKean
Brianna Lee McKenzie
Scott McPherson
Jean Mead
Jean Henry Mead
K. Meador
David Menon
Ruby Merritt
Emma Michaels
Maria Michaels
Maureen A. Miller
Julia Mills
Mark Mills
Nikki Minty
Felicia Mires
Deborah R Mitton
Rose Montague
Jim Moore
Juliet Moore
Marsha A. Moore
Patrick H. Moore
Jan Moran
Kelly Moran
Faith Mortimer
PJ Morvant-Alexander
Janet Muirhead Hill
Cerece Rennie Murphy
DJ Murphy
Roy Murry
Linda Nance
Jake Needham
Willie Nelson
Johnny T. Noctor
Christina North
Lydia North
J.M. Northup
Vonda Norwood
Brien O'Raighne
Katie Oliver
Mardi Orlando
Elaine Orr
Jude Ouvrard
James Paddock
Jennifer Paddock
Mary Paddock
Mary O Paddock
Terri Paddock
Kate Papas
Robert B. Parker
James Patterson
Fanita Moon Pendleton
Sharon Cupp Pennington
Mike Penny
Brenda Perlin
David P Perlmutter
Christopher David Petersen
Penny Clover Petersen
C. J. Peterson
Anne Pfeffer
Roanna M. Phillips
Carol Marrs Phipps
Jodi Picoult
Dominic Piper
Caleb Pirtle III
Michele Poague
Wendy Potocki
Julie Elizabeth Powell
Ann Pratley
Ann M. Pratley
Douglas Preston
Karen Prince
Jill Pritchett
David T Proctor
Lord David Prosser
Robert Pruneda
Regina Puckett
John Rose Putnam
Nicci Rae
J.R. Rain
Charlotte Raine
Rebecca Raisin
Melodie Ramone
Lindsay Randall
Andy Rane
Mimi Ray
Jan Raymond
Lucille Redmond
Paul Rega
Tony Riches
D.J. Ridgway
Micheal Rivers
J.D. Robb
Julia Robb
Stacey Roberts
Sarah Robinson
Tracey Rogers
Cricket Rohman
James Rollins
Jan Romes
Luke Romyn
Chris Rose
Georgia Rose
M.J. Rose
Susan Rose
James Ross
Joann Ross
Melinda De Ross
Luca Rossi
Alynia Rule
Wally Runnels
Nick Russell
Jan Ruth
Carrie Ann Ryan
Francesca Salerno
Elyse Salpeter
Richard J. Schneider
Jinx Schwartz
D.J. Scott
Michael Allan Scott
Marc Secchia
Gigi Sedlmayer
Jill Shannon
Robert Shaw
Lauren Shelton
Jack Simmonds
Diane Sismour
Deanna Lynn Sletten
Richard Smiraldi
Donna Smith
Helen Smith
|Joseph Souza
Bev Spicer
Dana Stabenow
Staci Stallings
L.A. Starkey
Gary Starta
Michael J. Stedman
Carl Stevens
Laurie Stevens
Maggie Stiefvater
Elise Stokes
Aidan Stone
Ray Stone
Rik Stone
Robert Storey
Susan Stovall
Cheryl Strayed
William Stuart
Faith Sullivan
Ian Sutherland
Steven Suttie
Ann Swann
Cleve Sylcox
P S Syron-Jones
Gina Tang
Cheryl Kaye Tardif
Barb Taub
Laura Taylor
Jerome Teel
Steven M. Thomas
Eric B. Thomasma
Robert Thornhill
Eileen Thornton
Ralph Thornton
JJ Toner
D.G. Torrens
Linsay Townsend
Joan Treacy
Maureen Turner
Richard Turner
Pavarti K. Tyler
Terry Tyler
M. W. Tyrrell
Jessie B. Tyson
Tom Upton
Sylvia Valevicius
Deb Vanasse
Sedona Venez
Larisa Walk
J.H. Walker
Shiloh Walker
W. F. Walsh
Grace Walton
Randi D. Ward
Susan Ward
The Brothers Washburn
K J Waters
Linda Watkins
Ruth Watson-Morris
B. Swangin Webster
J.L. Weil
Charles E. Wells
Mike Wells
Thomas Whaley
Carol White
Edwina J White
Mark Whiteway
Claudia Whitsitt
Douglas Wickard
Caron Kamps Widden
George Wier
Julia Wild
Elizabeth Egerton Wilder
Eric Wilder
Jasinda Wilder
Alison Williams
Arleen Williams
Jackie Williams
Rusty Williamson
David Niall Wilson
Gracie Wilson
Jeffrey R. Winters
Tom Winton
C.L. Withers
R.T. Wolfe
Harlan Wolff
Donna R. Wood
Rubianne Wood
Gae-Lynn Woods
Stuart Woods
Cynthia Woolf
Medeas Wray
Hilary Wynne
Raani York
Emmy Yoshida
P.C. Zick
Wayne Zurl


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The Himalayas are assumed to be undergoing rapid climate change, with serious environmental, social and economic consequences for more than two billion people. However, data on the extent of climate change or its impact on the region are meagre. Based on local knowledge, we report perceived changes in climate and consequences of such changes for biodiversity and agriculture. Our analyses are based on 250 household interviews administered in 18 villages, and focused group discussions conducted in 10 additional villages in Darjeeling Hills, West Bengal, India and Ilam district of Nepal. There is a widespread feeling that weather is getting warmer, the water sources are drying up, the onset of summer and monsoon has advanced during last 10 years and there is less snow on mountains than before. Local perceptions of the impact of climate change on biodiversity included early budburst and flowering, new agricultural pests and weeds and appearance of mosquitoes. People at high altitudes appear more sensitive to climate change than those at low altitudes. Most local perceptions conform to scientific data. Local knowledge can be rapidly and efficiently gathered using systematic tools. Such knowledge can allow scientists to test specific hypotheses, and policy makers to design mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change, especially in an extraordinarily important part of our world that is experiencing considerable change.
1. Introduction
There are a few regions in the world where climate change might be as rapid as in the Himalayas, and even fewer where the consequences of climate change are likely to be as severe for biodiversity, ecosystems services and human well-being. The Himalayas, one of 34 global hotspots of biodiversity [1], and with about 15 000 glaciers—the highest concentration in the world—are a source of Asia's eight largest rivers. More than 750 million people living in the Himalayas, and more than 1.4 billion inhabiting the river basins of the five major Asian rivers (Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yangtze and Yellow Rivers), are likely to face consequences of climate change occurring in the region [2]. Despite the immense likely environmental, economic and social costs of climate change, reliable information about the extent and magnitude of climate change and its consequences in the Himalayas are not well known.
Indigenous knowledge held by local communities about climate change can benefit climate science and policy [3–5]. Recent studies on indigenous knowledge have examined perceptions about climate change [6–8] in Tibet, the Eastern Himalaya and the Western Himalayas [9–13], but those studies mostly report qualitative and descriptive results based on a small number of respondents, and do not examine impacts on biodiversity.
Here, we report, for the first time, indigenous knowledge about climate change and its consequences for biodiversity and agriculture in the Himalayas using a large number of households. We address three questions: (i) what are the perceptions of local people about climate change in the Himalayas? (ii) How do the perceptions vary with the altitude? (iii) Are the perceptions consistent with scientific findings reported from diverse regions of the world?
2. Material and methods
The details of methods are provided in the electronic supplementary material, S1. We conducted household surveys in 10 villages located in and around Singalila National Park in Darjeeling Hills, West Bengal, India and eight villages in Ilam district of Nepal that are situated between 1517 and 3121 m.a.s.l. (see the electronic supplementary material, figure S2). Following LRMP [14] and Dobremez [15], the villages were grouped into two categories: low altitude (approx. 1000–2000 m.a.s.l.) and high altitude (approx. 2000–3000 m.a.s.l.). The study sites have been inhabited for generations by indigenous peoples like Rai, Limbu, Lepcha, Sherpa, Newar and Tamanag and other ethnic communities that migrated later.
We collected responses from 250 individuals on 18 indicators of climate change using semi-structured questionnaires and recorded responses for each indicator separately. The respondents were asked 'whether they have experienced, observed or witnessed the given climate-change related indicator'. Three options provided to responses included 'Yes, have experienced', 'No, haven't experienced' and 'Don't know about it'. We also conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) in 10 villages that were different from 18 villages sampled for household surveys, but in the same area. The purpose of the FGDs was to test the validity of household responses by assessing the concordance of results obtained from the two approaches. All available people were invited to houses where researchers generally stayed and which often serve as traditional places for people to meet for other purposes as well.
We analysed household data by calculating frequencies and percentages of responses for each indicator included in the survey. Although we recorded responses for 18 different indicators, nine indicators that were experienced by at least 66 per cent households at least in one site were considered for further analysis (table 1). χ2-tests were used to test the consistency of the responses for high- and low-altitude regions. The responses from FGDs were not analysed because the data were descriptive in nature and in line with the quantitative data collected from household surveys. However, the qualitative responses are presented as summary table (see the electronic supplementary material, figure S4) and discussed below.
The research reported here was done as a part of a larger community-based conservation project, in which Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE, www.atree.org) has been engaged in research for the last 10 years. All information that is collected is shared with local communities, and the communities understand and agree that some of this information, particularly non-proprietary knowledge, over which no individual or a particular community has intellectual property rights, may be published.
3. Findings
Our analysis shows that 73.2 per cent of people believe the weather is getting warmer, 67.2 per cent believe that the onset of summer and monsoon has advanced during the last 10 years; furthermore, 46 per cent believe that there is less snow on mountains than before and 70 per cent think that water sources are drying up. FGDs reveal that there is less frost, winter is less severe and shorter, the nature and intensity of rainfall have become more erratic and unpredictable and short-duration downpours have become more frequent than before. Additional responses collected through FGDs are provided in the electronic supplementary material, figure S4.
In terms of consequences for biodiversity and agriculture, 53.2 and 48.8 per cent of respondents noted that budburst and flowering, respectively, have advanced in several species (Magnolia sp., Michelia champaca, Rhododendron spp., Chrysanthemum indicum, Agetes spp., Prunus persica and Prunus cerasoides) by one to six weeks. At one site (Samalbung), the percentage of people observing shifts in distribution of species came very close (65.15%) to our cut-off point. Species that are presumed to have shifted their ranges upwards include Castanopsis hystrix, Schima wallichii, Eurya acuminate, Ficus roxburghii, Alnus nepalensis, Saurauia nepaulensis and Albizzia lebbek. A total of 54 per cent respondents observed new crop pests, 38.8 per cent noted new weeds (e.g. abijal and banmara) and 46 per cent have recently observed mosquitoes in their villages. Several people have observed that low-altitude crops can now be grown at high altitudes.
There were significant differences (p < 0.1) between low and high altitudes with more people at high altitudes believing in overall warming (77.2% versus 69.3%), early onset of summer (77.2% versus 57.5%), decrease in snow (69.1% versus 23.6%), drying up of water (77.2% versus 63%), early flowering (65.9% versus 32.2%), early budburst (68.3% versus 38.6%) and new crop pests (75.6% versus 33.1%) than people at low altitudes. Conversely, significantly more respondents at low altitudes believed in early onset of monsoon (70.9% versus 68.3%) and observations of mosquito (64.6% versus 26.8%) than people at high altitudes (figure 1). The findings from household surveys were consistent with results from FGDs (electronic supplementary material, figure S4).
4. Discussion and conclusions
Local knowledge is consistent with scientific observations. Sharma et al. [12] have reported a temperature rise in the Eastern Himalaya region mainly in January, February and March (0.01–0.04°C annually). They also project that by the middle of the century, mean temperature will increase by 2.9°C by 2.9–4.3°C annually. Annual precipitation is also likely to increase by 18 per cent by the middle of the century and 13–34% by the end of the century [12]. Our own analyses of climate data from the study region confirm increases in temperature and rainfall [16]. We do not know if the onset of monsoons has advanced. Perceptions about rainfall becoming 'erratic' also warrant further investigation. 'Erratic' rainfall may mean variable precipitation patterns and heavy downpours.
Similarly, research has revealed early budburst (leafing out) and flowering in many other parts of the world [17–20]. Phenology will continue to be affected in the Himalayas if the climate gets warmer as projected by IPCC [21]. Shifts in the distributional ranges of many species have also been observed by scientists [22–24]. It is also likely that agriculture will be affected by water stress and these problems might be further compounded by new weeds and pests, as observed for apples in the Western Himalaya region [9]. Increase in mosquitoes and their impact on human health have been observed in other regions [25]. The differences in responses between low and high altitudes may be due to differential change. Temperature rise has been observed to be more rapid in high-altitude as compared with low-altitude regions [26], especially above 4000 m [27] with potentially greater impact on vegetation in the former [28].
This is the first systematic study analysing impacts on biodiversity and agriculture based on a very large sample, from the Himalayas, demonstrating widespread climate change and with possibly differential impacts at different altitudes. Local knowledge can be rapidly and efficiently gathered using systematic tools, and it can provide a jump start to scientists for testing specific hypotheses and to decision and policy makers for designing mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change in a region that is of global significance and undergoing rapid change but for which scientific data are meagre.
The research was supported by Committee for Research and Exploration grant of National Geographical Society (P.C., K.S.B.) and Blue Moon Fund (K.S.B.). ATREE, Eastern Himalaya region office provided logistic support. We acknowledge all who helped in collecting, entering and synthesizing data. People in research sites indeed deserve to be co-authors, because all what we are sharing are their knowledge.
- Received March 8, 2011.
- Accepted April 1, 2011.
- This Journal is © 2011 The Royal Society


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Johnston Press, publisher of the Northamptonshire Evening Telegraph, has announced plans to relaunch the Evening Telegraph in a move to "platform neutral" publishing.
The relaunch scheduled for late May will comprise the creation of a new "platform neutral" newsroom at Kettering with significant investment in both print and digital publishing, enabling seven days per week publishing online and on a new iPad app with news updates around the clock and comprehensive online sport and events coverage.
This will be combined with a bumper print edition of a newly designed newspaper once per week, giving readers all of the key sections they currently enjoy as well as some exciting new developments.
At the same time the websites will receive a light touch relaunch with improvements to the home page and improved social networking and commenting functionality.
A deeper change is planned for July 2012. As well as the launch of the new dedicated iPad app the plans will see a substantial investment in marketing for the re-launch of online and print publishing.
Commenting on the re-launch initiative, Editor Neil Pickford said: "Our publishing strategy going forward will ensure that we give our local audiences what they want. While providing our existing audiences with an even better product, both in print and online, we will extend our audience by increasing our online content and making it easier to access in the most relevant ways as technologies continue to evolve. Our focus has always been on local and we will increasingly benefit from that core expertise with the rapid growth in both social media and in demand for access from mobile devices."


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Palm Coast FL Real Estate
Paradise only begins to describe Palm Coast, the
pristine jewel of Flagler County. Located in between Daytona and historic St.
Augustine, Palm Coast is the largest community in Flagler County. This area
enjoys a high quality of life, beaches and world-class recreation. A University
of Florida Economics study recently stated that Palm Coast would have one of the
highest growth rates within the state over the next ten years.
Palm Coast and Flagler County offers the Atlantic
Ocean, fresh-water lakes, the Intracoastal Waterway and many canals. Residents
and tourists also enjoy miles and miles of beautiful sun-drenched beaches.
Wildlife to be found in the area includes dolphin, manatees, sea turtles, sea
birds and large-mouth bass. With many bike paths, nature walks, hiking trails
and water-play, this is a nature lover's heaven on earth!
Fore! Palm Coast will put a golfer in a state of
bliss. There are numerous golf courses in the area that take advantage of the
natural beauty of the landscape. Palm Coast boasts golf courses designed by Jack
Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer and Gary Player. These three legends of the game have
taken into consideration all aspects of the environment and have planned
first-class courses that are both challenging and fun. Golf isn't the only sport
of choice…Tennis Anyone? Palm Coast has over numerous tennis courts in the area.
Tournaments include USTA sanctioned national events that take place in Palm
This area has over 175 clubs and organizations that
range from the Elks to the Knights of Columbus to the Veterans of Foreign Wars.
Many people relish the Flagler Auditorium, which has occupancy of 1,000 patrons
who enjoy a variety of concerts, national touring Broadway shows and celebrity
Palm Coast is a masterpiece of nature and recreation.
This lush community offers residents the unique opportunity to choose from
living on the ocean, a lake, a canal, a golf course, a gated community or the
Intracoastal Waterway. There is something for everyone at Palm Coast!
There are many wonderful homes in this area, but you
need a local market expert to help you. Watson Realty Corp is a locally owned
company with over 40 years of experience selling homes in the area.


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A great story that Fable fans will absolutely eat up, but some long stretches of lonely road keep this from being an absolute must-have for every Kinect owner.
There goes the shred of credibility EGM had left.
I hate to say this, but I wish they left it dead and buried. Since it's come back, it's been nothing but a shame to the magazine I loved my entire youth.


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Information Technology support firm Orchid IT have struck a one-year deal to become shirt sponsors for Notts Outlaws' campaign in the revamped Friends Provident t20.
The firm's logo will adorn a new club shirt to be worn for the first time when the Outlaws begin their Twenty20 programme against Worcestershire Royals at New Road on Thursday 10 June.
A home clash against Derbyshire Falcons at Trent Bridge on Friday 11 June will hold added significance for Orchid who hold a wide sports-sponsorship portfolio with established links with Nottingham Forest, Derby County and Nottingham Panthers.
"Having the company crest on the Notts Outlaws shirt is quite simply a dream come true for the company and for me as a Nottingham lad," said Orchid's Managing Director Brett Critchley.
"We have some fantastic partnerships with other sporting clubs and to be able to add the Notts Outlaws to this list is great for us although I will have to stay neutral when they play against Derbyshire Falcons!
"We like what the club is about and the people there and we were made to feel like part of the family right from our first meeting.
"The timing of the deal is good for us ahead of what should be a fantastic season and I know that I'll have no shortage of engineers wanting to provide IT support during the Friends Provident t20."
Orchid will take responsibility for all IT support at Trent Bridge during the term of the deal and have the option to extend the agreement.
Having formed in 1997, Orchid now employs 50 staff and has an annual turnover in excess of £10million. The company offers IT support to more than 200 clients and was named Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire Chamber of Commerce Business of the Year in 2009.
Nottinghamshire Deputy Chief Executive Lisa Pursehouse said: "We are absolutely delighted to have Orchid IT as our new official sponsor for the Friends Provident t20 campaign.
"The nature of this deal means we will enjoy a particularly close working relationship with Orchid IT and we are always especially keen to align ourselves with local companies. I am sure this deal will prove to be mutually beneficial."


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Previous degrees:
BA, MS, Economics
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal
"The Haas faculty are knowledgeable enough that they can make the complex appear simple. Yet, as you keep peeling back the layers, you find more complexity and more to think about."
Research, according to Gardete, can be very non-linear. "Weeks can go by without progress, then one day you have the answer. In this situation, having supportive professors and classmates is very important. I have that here at Haas. We are competitive with ourselves, but not with each other."
Gardete chose marketing as his focus because it brings together the "rigor of economic theory and the softer elements of psychology and human behavior." One of his research topics reflects that combination: why people intentionally buy products with too many features — like elaborate cell phones — they don't need or won't use. "Taking effects like these into consideration are steps toward understanding consumers better and allow firms to refine their offerings."


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Jacob's Dream
Jacob's Dream
by Peter Bebergal
Excerpt from Too Much to Dream: A Psychedelic American Boyhood (Soft Skull Press)
Every day after school I went to the tiny mall a few blocks from my house. The mall was located far enough from the center of town that no one from my school actually hung out there. Strange to believe, but even on the weekends, I was the only teenager there. And it was for the best. I had moved here in the middle of eighth grade, wearing glasses and last year's sneakers. I wandered around the bookstore, the Radio Shack, and the department store, thinking my private thoughts, free in the world, away from my parents and the taunts of other kids. Every once in a while Jacob, the lone security guard would say hello, and eventually we got to talking.
Over the course of a few months, we became strangely close—a shy, picked-on, allergy-ridden fourteen-year- old who collected horror comics, and a man in his thirties who had recently lost his father and loved Rush and Black Sabbath. He had long hair and a beard, and to me he looked like a sage or a wizard, hiding out in the uniform of a security guard. He spoke in a mystic babble, and for the first time, all the abstract ideas I was privately interested in took shape in a visible and visceral way. Even though I read books on the occult, part of me refused to believe there really was a secret language that was spoken between the trees and the rocks. But for Jacob, everything was a sign, a symbol that obscured some mysterious meaning. We walked back and forth the length of the mall while he told me stories of how rock 'n' roll could be cracked and listened to as a secret code. Jacob explained that there was no coincidence, that every moment was a serendipitous, fateful event that pointed toward the next and the next. There was correspondence, he told me, between everything we could see and its equivalent in a hidden reality. So above, so below.
As we walked around that depressing little mall, past the stink of the pet shop, the T-shirt store, the ice-cream shop, the card shop, and the deli, Jacob explained to me the connections that proved God was in all things and all things were in God. Every suit of the tarot deck had a corresponding planet, as in astrology, and the planets themselves reflected the human body. Our bodies contain chakras, points of energy that also referred to the tarot suits, and on and on, until the world was a crushing mass of meaning. He would be describing the lyrics to a Black Sabbath song, when some word or phrase he over- heard from someone walking by us would make his eyes flare. "Did you hear that?" he would ask. "Just like I said. Just as I said." Jacob spoke as if every thought and idea were a new revelation, but they never resolved into anything pragmatic. It was all circular, pointing back to the details of his life, his own fears, hopes, and desires. I could never tell if God was his salvation or his enemy, if the universe and its myriad associations were a unified perfection or a terrible, indecipherable puzzle that tricked him at every turn with a new significance that undid the previous one.
Jacob started giving me poetry, the stream-of-consciousness engravings of a mystic, but it spoke to me of an intimacy with another person I had not felt before. I was entering adolescence, my hormones filling me with guilt and shame and magical thinking. On the way to the mall, I began to incorporate some of the kinds of protective rituals Jacob had spoken of. I took no chances with the hidden powers that controlled the universe. I began to have to step on a certain brick, touch a certain branch, walk across the abandoned lot in a very precise maze-like pattern, all in the hope of having some kind of control over what felt like, and what Jacob had only clarified for me as, a world that was a bewildering yet mesmerizing series of signs and meanings. He talked in code about something else as well: psychedelic substances that were the key to understanding the cipher of the universe. He never advocated their use, but he recalled experi- ences and told me stories of bizarre encounters with otherworldly entities, like the mysterious "Dr. Neverno," who came to him in visions and, as Jacob liked to say, played pinball with his psyche.
One afternoon, I decided to let Jacob know how much I had come to love him and depend on him, not only for friendship, but for a guiding light that revealed to me the mystery behind all things and illuminated the path by which I might find my way through. Some years earlier my oldest sister had given me a small pewter scarab necklace. It was a cheap museum trinket but was to me a precious little thing. I gave it to Jacob and he accepted it affectionately. I knew I would never have to feel alone again.
A few weeks later, I found Jacob at the mall in a terrible state. He was rambling about his father's grave and how someone else who had recently died had put up a new tombstone next to where his father was buried. He seemed crazed, afraid, even, that something awful was about to happen. He explained that the name on the new stone was Rush, the name of his favorite band, the band that he believed had the most perfect knowledge of him and the world. He took the scarab and pressed it into my hand and told me that because I had given it to him, everything was lost and some evil had descended into his life. Jacob insinuated it had all started the day he took the necklace from me as a gift of my love. He literally turned his back on me and left while I stood in front of Walgreens, trembling.
I was afraid to go to the mall for weeks, but when I got up the nerve, he was gone. He had quit his job as the security guard. I never heard from him or saw him again.
The effect of his leaving didn't reveal the pathology of his belief. What had been his alone became mine. I used to listen to his madness as if on a radio station I couldn't quite tune in to. But the traumatic results of his final revelation cleared away the static and I became, in some core subconscious place, a true believer in an occult arrangement of cosmic forces, gods, and other invisible beings that shaped our lives—though for good or ill, who could know?
Jacob was a product of that terrible moment when the seventies skidded out of the sixties. LSD was illegal, so even getting it created a drama of illicitness and paranoia. Psychedelics were also big business and were no longer passed out freely at concerts and trip festivals. You couldn't even be sure you were getting authentic doses of whatever you bought. Another drug, sold as mescaline but having nothing to do with the psychoactive peyote cactus, would shake up your insides as if a hyena had been let loose in your skull. Often it didn't matter—drugs started to lose their particularity, and getting high, in whatever way was available, became the de facto intent. If you took acid, you probably smoked pot, and if you smoked pot, you even drank a bit and maybe even tried a little coke or snorted a little heroin.
Jacob, I think, tried to parse it all as best he could, but he was still mixing his LSD with another "drug" that did him in more rapidly than any other, and that years later would take me down a similar path: one part occultism, two parts magic, a heavy dose of gnosticism, and a mighty helping of hermetic philosophy, all arranged nicely by those infinite hidden connections—the secret language of the universe.


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For Immediate Release, August 12, 2013
Contact: Todd Schulke, (575) 574-5962
Forest Service Again Jeopardizing Major Forest Restoration Project in Arizona
Call Renewed for Transparency, Investigation Into Federal Forest Project
SILVER CITY, N.M.— The U.S. Forest Service is again jeopardizing a major forest restoration project that would thin 300,000 acres of northern Arizona's national forests.
The agency previously went against the consensus reached by environmentalists, scientists, local governments and industry by allowing large trees to be cut in the Four Forests Restoration Initiative (4FRI), and by awarding the thinning contract to Pioneer Forest Products, a company partially run by Marlin Johnson, a former senior Forest Service employee who promoted the logging of large trees. Pioneer had little experience, a dubious business plan and no financing. The company eventually failed to carry out the contract.
Now the Forest Service is poised to transfer the contract to a new company that may also be run by Marlin Johnson. The Forest Service has refused to divulge the name the company, explain its business plan or submit the contracting process to public review. The Center for Biological Diversity is very concerned by a report from Johnson on a recent 4FRI field trip that the new company intends to follow the same flawed business plan as Pioneer.
"It's a pipe dream to claim wood products from low-value pine forests can compete with Asian and South American companies with access to cheap materials and even cheaper labor," said Todd Schulke with the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the stakeholder groups in the 4FRI process. "It's no surprise that Pioneer failed to raise funds, given its plan's lack of economic sense. Any company relying on a similar pie-in-the-sky plan is likely to meet the same reception as Pioneer."
Pioneer and the new, undisclosed company are also placing high hopes on turning small-diameter trees into jet fuel through a partnership with Concord Blue.
"Concord Blue has never built a commercially viable plant like the one proposed for 4FRI that would convert low-energy woody biomass into jet fuel," said Schulke. "While there are experimental attempts to convert woody biomass into biodiesel or jet fuel, none have proven to be economically viable."
Johnson, a partner in Pioneer Forest Products, was revealed by former Pioneer executive Herman Hauck as being "employed by the company that supposedly is taking over." When Johnson worked for the southwest region of the Forest Service, he repeatedly pressed for the continued logging of large, old trees. The Forest Service decision to drop the 4FRI stakeholders' collaborative plan to protect large trees, thereby ignoring the social consensus of the stakeholder group, is another red flag.
The Center is also raising several additional questions, given the weakness of the Pioneer business plan and speculation that Pioneer stands to walk away with millions of dollars for doing nothing but delaying fire-protection work in Arizona. Among the questions:
• Did Pioneer mislead the Forest Service in its application for the contract? Was it always the company's intention simply to flip the contract?
• Did the Forest Service overlook key red flags by accident? How else could the well-predicted failure of Pioneer have been overlooked?
While the Center has called for an open and transparent process, former Pioneer owner Hauck told the Arizona Republic: "I appreciate your interest, but let's not get into a world here that's going to create a whole lot of problems. We've got enough problems without the public getting involved."
"There's a clear need for a transparent process to ensure that the same mistakes aren't made again, particularly since 4FRI is the largest project of the Obama administration's flagship forest restoration program," Schulke said. "We can't afford any more mistakes, and the communities of northern Arizona can't withstand more failure. The evaluation process must be done by a credible, independent third party that can perform a thorough review of the viability of the business plan. The administration owes the public and 4FRI stakeholders answers. And we will hold its feet to the fire until we get those answers."
The Center today also renewed its call for an investigation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's inspector general.
"The public deserves a thorough investigation of the contracting fiasco to determine if there was any wrongdoing. Pioneer certainly doesn't deserve to walk away with millions while Arizona's communities bear the cost of increased risk of dangerous fires," said Schulke.
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February 19, 2013
Born in Missouri toward the end of the Civil War, George Washington Carver is remembered for his contributions to science and for the time he spent in the state of Kansas.
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Five questions: Coming up Carver
Professor Mark Hersey completed his doctoral dissertation on George Washington Carver at Kansas University. Hersey discusses Carver's contributions to science, as well as his time spent in Kansas.
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Scott appoints state surgeon general
Gov. Rick Scott names John. H. Armstrong as the state's new surgeon general and secretary of the Department of Health. He replaces former Surgeon General Frank Farmer, who resigned in March to be with his ailing wife.
Armstrong is an associate professor and chief medical officer at the USF Health Center for Advanced Medical Learning and Simulation. He previously served as a surgeon in the U.S. Army Medical Corps for 17 years.
The Florida Medical Association endorsed Armstrong for the job, citing his "distinguished military career and many years of medical practice as a surgeon with unique training and leadership positions in trauma care and emergency management."
Cotterell lands at LobbyTools
After many farewell and a very short retirement, Florida Capitol journalist Bill Cotterell will land at LobbyTools and The Florida Current on May 1. Cotterell recently retired from the Tallahassee Democrat after 42 years as a statehouse reporter.
The Senate failed to confirm about 400 government appointees, leaving the decisions up to Gov. Rick Scott.
Perhaps the highest profile departure was from University of Florida trustee Carlos Alfonso, who resigned after he realized he wouldn't be reappointed.
Asked about the issue on Tuesday, Scott said:
"I looked to see who was the most qualified. Did they believe in the things that I believe in? ... Some people decided they didn't want to continue to serve, and some I made the decision that I would appoint somebody new."
Spellman to join Volunteer Florida
Chester Spellman, director of appointments for Gov. Rick Scott, will become chief executive officer of Volunteer Florida on May 11.
Hannah Causseaux, who served in House Speaker Dean Cannon's office, will take over Spellman's duties as appointments director.
"Chester has been an integral part of my team and has been a tremendous asset in helping me identify highly qualified individuals to serve on various boards throughout the state," Scott said in a statement.
Movers and Shakers is a weekly roundup of personnel changes. Please send tips to email@example.com or via twitter @britt_alana.


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11 Reviews
Fox Racing padded knees, or exposed patellae—the choice is yours.
Summer heat and mellow rides mean you need less protection, but don't be stupid—you still need your knees. Strap on the hard shell Fox Shorty Knee pads to experience not only cooling breezes, but less blood gushing from your leg when you dig deep into that trailside boulder or deviously positioned babyhead. X-Up straps keep these guards in place. Otherwise, they'd be pretty useless.
- Item #FXR0028
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Have questions about this product?
Finally some knee pads for short chick
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
- Fit: True to size
These are perfect for me with my short thick legs. Most knee/shin guards are made for guys with stick legs, which is fine for the masses who ride I suppose. Even most of the female riders are really thin and that is great for them. I was left out in the cold to buy knee/shin guards that were too tight because large was too long. Well, not anymore. These are perfect. They fit my thicker knees and are the perfect length for my 5'2" frame. So rejoice if you are a short, stout, female DH mountain biker. This the leg pro for you.
Pretty good
They are a littld bulky but they stay in place and protect my shins and knee. I like that they stay in place.
these suck
not comfy, don't stay put. friend gave em to me for free and i'm not sure whether to pass them on and curse someone else with these things or just throw em away.
How tall are you? Build etc. What's good for one person is not necessarily for another.
Shorty in a good way
I love these things! I guess I am little person sized from the knees down to my ankles so the full length versions of these were way too long. They cut into my the top of my feet. These fit perfect. Very comfortable and breathable. Worth every penny
Good Fit...For Shin Guards
These definatley serve their purpose. After the first few miles, you forget you're wearing them. Then about 7 miles in, you remember due to minor chafing on the backside of your knees. However, if you want great knee and upper-shin protection on the downhills, these are great. I fell and sliced the side of the knee guard and definately protected soft tissue. They stay in place after miles of riding which is important because you want them in place for the unexpected falls. I do wish I had the full length version though. After nine stiches at the base of my shin, these obviously provided no protection due to their Shorty nature. I guess, I would say, if you're going to wear this type of protection you should get the full length version. Or, just don't fall...but where's the fun in that!
Great Guard
These are great guards. You can wear them all day because they are comfortable. They dont slide around! they really stay in place. The shine guard come about half way down your shine, it helps in keeping things cool, but on a ride my front tire through up a rock and hit me in the lower shine, but that doesnt happen very often. I would highly recommend these or even the full length ones.
great gear
comfy and easy to get on great starter gear good buy saved my sexy legs a few times
great pads
comfy and easy to put on saved my shins and knees a few times love em good buy great starter gear
not a great product
These are super comfortable. thats about it.
As soon as these make any sort of contact the X-Up straps pop right off. Making it awkward to pedal with the strap flopping around. And if you hit the ground they are only good for intitial contact after that the pop off and your kness and shins get all ground up
Don't listen to this guy. I have been wearing fox launch pads for 3 years, and have never had this issue. Almost everyone I know wears these pads (actually the full length version, but same x-up strap system) and no one has this issue. I suggest this dude must have a very weird riding position where he is constantly hitting his knees on his toptube? These pads are the best. I'm looking into this shorter version because I get chafing where my full length launch pad meets my high-top 5-10 impact bike shoes. Still not sure if I want to get these, or a true knee only pad like the fox pro launch knee, or 661 Kyle Strait.
Oh yeah, I forgot to add: I ride hard DH every day, and I have crashed many times wearing fox launch pads. They have held up amazingly for 3 years.
Beats the crap outta super glue!
Ya.. that's right. After taking a big crash 8 miles into a 25 mile ride and having to super glue a gash on my shin closed (really needed stitches but hey, ya use what you have) I decided to invest in some armor.
I'd give these a 4 on a 5 scale. Pluses: They are priced right and stay in place and fit well. Seems like when you wear armor you never need it.
Minuses: Still leaves a little of that lower shin exposed but all prtection is a compromise. Chicks dig scars...these prevent them.
Wear 'em
They fit well and protect like they should. Comfortable and stay in place. Easy to take off and put on. I like!
hey i am a chick, 5'5" and 140 lbs (medium...
hey i am a chick, 5'5" and 140 lbs (medium sized, but fit) will these fit me? if not what will... I could try kid's knee guards but i'd bet my leg is a little bigger than the average 13 year old boy's
I have the Fox Launch Knee/Shin Guard in s/m. I have had them for about a year and they are great! Very comfortable and adjustable for skinny and thick legs. The extra length has saved me from many more scars. You gota make sure they are snapped in (you can hear it click) and they have never come undone. I even throw them in the washer after a few dirty rides and they hold up well, just hang dry.


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To officially kick off the New Year, Taco Bell announced it will advertise during Super Bowl XLVII, which will be broadcast on the CBS Television Network on Febuary 3, 2013.
"We are excited to be back in Super Bowl after a few years away and can't wait to show the world what we have in store for them," says Brian Niccol, chief marketing and innovation officer, Taco Bell Corp.
The Super Bowl ad will be 60 seconds in length and support the brand's "Live Mas" tagline and spirit. The spot is being created by Deutsch LA, which has recently joined Taco Bell's agency roster, along with lead agency Draftfcb.
The last time Taco Bell advertised during the Super Bowl was during the 2010 game, and the ad supported the brand's $5 Big Box.
Details about the 2013 Super Bowl creative and campaign will be released in the coming weeks.
The five times weekly e-newsletter that keeps you up-to-date on the latest industry news and additions to this website.


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get your strategy, posture and culture aligned as a first step on the way to changing the world.
Got a story? How about an attitude? Or does your story express your attitude? Is your attitude part of your story?
Turns out you need both. Well, that makes sense actually. The stories that stand out the most -- that aren't an expression of bland-land -- are those that do have an attitude.
Now that doesn't mean to say that attitude is all about the 'in your face' kind. It means that you have a defined personality that imbues all you do.
Check out this article to understand the attitudes of Coca-Cola, Apple, Red Cross and Ritz-Carlton and how those play out as dynamics in their cultures and strategies.
No matter if you are an enteprise, entreprenuer, or non-profit, there are definite insights here you can use.
This review was written by Karen Dietz for her curated content on business storytelling at www.scoop.it/t/just-story-it
Via Dr. Karen Dietz


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***[Moderator Note] Pahu is no longer a member of Think Atheist. If you would like to add your thoughts to this thread, that is your prerogative; however, the original poster is not able to respond.[/Moderator Note]***
When we set out to explain why and how something happens, we must use the evidence, facts and experience available to us if we are to arrive at a logical conclusion. Using available evidence, experience, facts, observation and experimentation, we know that the universe had a beginning and that before that beginning there was no universe and therefore there was nothing. We know this because of the Law of Causality (for every cause there is an effect and for every effect there is a cause). Based on this law, we can use the following logic:
1. The universe exists.
2. The universe had a beginning.
3. Before the beginning of the universe, there was no universe.
4. Since there was no universe, there was nothing.
5. Since the universe does exist, it came from nothing.
6. Nothing comes from nothing by any natural cause.
7. Therefore the cause of the universe is supernatural.
8. Life exists.
9. Life always comes from pre-existing life of the same kind (the Law of Biogenesis).
10. Life cannot come from nonliving matter by any natural cause.
11. Since life does exist, the cause of life is supernatural.
Many people with a naturalistic worldview assume everything can be explained by natural causes. From the beginning, they reject the possibility of a supernatural cause. Because of this they are left with no scientifically valid answers to the question of how the universe could come from nothing, which is impossible by any natural cause of which we are aware. Many answers have been proposed that go beyond the realm of known evidence, experience, facts, observation and experimentation and therefore enter the realm of fiction.
The same logic applies to life. Using available evidence, experience, facts, observation and experimentation, we know that life only comes from pre-existing life of the same kind.
[color=blue][i]"Spontaneous generation (the emergence of life from nonliving matter) has never been observed. All observations have shown that life comes only from life. This has been observed so consistently it is called the Law of Biogenesis. Evolution conflicts with this scientific law by claiming that life came from nonliving matter through natural processes"[/color][/i] [[url=http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/]From "In the Beginning" by Walt Brown[/url]]
Life never comes from non-living matter by any natural cause of which we are aware.
Now that we have seen proof that God exists, using logic based on known evidence, experience, facts, observation and experimentation, we need to see if He has revealed Himself to us. In the Holy Bible there are hundreds of prophecies given by God who is speaking in the first person. In both Bible and secular history we find that those prophecies have been accurately fulfilled. No other writing on earth comes close to doing this! Only God can accurately reveal the future, ergo, He is the author of the Holy Bible. Within the pages of the Holy Bible He reveals His nature, our nature, His relationship to us, our need for salvation and His plan of salvation for us.
The reason the universe and life cannot come from nothing by any natural cause, but can come from a supernatural cause is because God is the self-existent creator of everything and everyone. He is not subject to His creation. He created it and sustains it. It is a mistake to judge God by human standards and human perspectives. God reveals that He is omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent.
If you are interested in more detailed proof, read, [i]"Evidence that Demands a Verdict"[/i] by Josh McDowell.
[[url=http://www.iuniverse.com/bookstore/BookDetail.aspx?BookId=SKU-000005147#] From "Reincarnation in the Bible?" [/url]]
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Engineers would be hard pressed to create and integrate and control all of the systems operating in the human body. You are witnessing and engineering marvel:
-neuro-circuitry tiling space a-periodically and indeterminately with quantum entanglement operating in the axioms when a potential travels down them. Such engineering is on a sublime level. Our microcircuits are a mere childs play compared to the complexity of the brain.
-Human cells is a veritable arsenal of biochemical manufacturing, forming molecules so complex and sophisticated that only recently are we aware of there complex structures and moving parts.
-the body is pressurized system more advance and complex than a nuclear power station with its control systems to maintain pressure, flow, temperature and rate of fuel consumption and more efficient than anything we can engineer.
-the muscle-skeletal system is engineering on the sublime level. even with our most sophisticated feed back control systems we can only scratch the surface of what it is capable of.
All of these systems are marvels in their own right, yet the complete system integration of all these complex systems defies the imagination.
Engineer are more challenge then biologist to attribute such engineering to mutation and chance as we would be hard pressed to develop and integrate and control these systems with our most advance technology. We can certainly try to model mutation and random chance on computers and speed up the passage of time. such models have yielded very elemental self sustaining self organizing self replicating virtual molecules, not even scratching the surface of a self sustaining collection of systems completely integrated and self controlled.
Yes I agree - isn't evolution fantastic!
You can fill a class room with monkeys with type writers, for a million years maybe they might stumble over the Gettysburg address.
That is more likely then mindlessness building with dumb luck the 3 D vision of an eagle. And that is just one of the thousands of systems fully integrated working more efficiently than we can scratch the surface. It ridiculous that dumb luck and mutation could wire a television let a lone circuitry that gives rises to a living mind with entity on an engineering level far beyond our capabilities to diagram and model mathematically. This is creation on the sublime level. shimmering quantum processes interacting with the space time it self down the axioms with entanglement. Microcircuitry is at sea level. The brain is outside the ionosphere in complexity. no random process can lay down the complex math to design a microchip let along quantum circuitry giving rise to understanding.
Moreover where are the trillions of aborted attempts that result from dead ends in the archeological record?, all of the almost systems. systems that were almost there?. systems that worked well on their on but were not fully integrated. the trillions of dead ends required for randomness to do anything, does not appear in the geological/archeological record at all. it's a fish tale to me, if you pardon the expression.
Such an explanation is just jaw dropping. a colony of cells needs a brain and entity. Well no problem a well engineered multiprocessor beyond our understanding will just mutate it's way into existence, through natural selection.
What a red herring. natural selection does not design. natural selection does not lay down the complex mathematical equations necessary to model the system. a priori such that efficiency and utility is maximized. Such simple minded explanations for things being engineered beyond our capacity to scratch surface is just and affront to those spending many years to master and attain what is already present in nature, and by no means getting there.
O Evolution dig deeply into your treasure trove of intermediate species and show me the almost bumble bee, that evolved into that which defies our principles of aerodynamics or the almost dolphin with skin half way between terrestrial and aquatic with it nostril migrating to the top of its head.
What do you mean by "a colony of cells needs a brain and entity?"
The brain didn't just "mutate it's way into existence." There are mutations, natural selection, and other processes that drive biological evolution, like Brad said. We can see in nature brains that gradually get more and more complex, starting with, for example, insects, to dogs , to apes, to humans (to give a very brief list). Thanks for another straw man.
"Well no problem a well engineered multiprocessor beyond our understanding will just mutate it's way into existence, through natural selection." When you put it this way (straw man) it does sound ridiculous. However, it sounds no more ridiculous to me then suggesting a intelligent designer did it, because that just moves the question up to who designed the designer. If the universe and life are so complex, how complex must the designer be? The biblical explanation that males were made from dirt and females were made from the first male's rib sounds even more ridiculous to me. And even if we didn't have evolution as an explanation, it doesn't make intelligent design right. You can't just say that it's so complex beyond our understanding that a god must have done it, without evidence. Just because it's beyond you doesn't mean a god must of done it. The appropriate answer in this situation would be "I don't know."
I present the Origin of the Brain by CDK007 Link since the reply is compressed.


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(AP) 13 taken to hospitals after Minneapolis fire
By JEFF BAENEN
Associated Press
A billowing fire engulfed a three-story building near downtown Minneapolis on Wednesday morning, sending 13 people to hospitals with injuries ranging from burns to trauma associated with falls.
Officials said six of those injuries were critical, but no fatalities were reported.
An explosion was reported about 8:15 a.m., and within minutes a fire raged through the building, said Robert Ball, a spokesman for Hennepin County Emergency Medical Services. Paramedics responded to find victims on the ground, some with injuries that suggested they may have fallen multiple stories.
Authorities weren't sure whether any residents were still inside. Assistant Minneapolis Fire Chief Cherie Penn said the roof had partially collapsed, and it was too dangerous for firefighters to enter and sweep the premises.
Penn said 13 people were taken to local hospitals, and six were considered to be critically hurt. Ball said it was too early to determine what caused the explosion or fire.
Plumes of thick, whitish-gray smoke could be seen rising from the building, which has a grocery store on the ground floor and two levels of apartments above it. Flames could be seen through third-story windows, and the frigid air was filled was the acrid smell of smoke.
Abdikadir Mohamed, whose uncle owns the grocery store, watched the scene in silence, struggling to put his thoughts into words.
Firefighting efforts were being hampered by the sub-zero temperatures. As firefighters aimed their hoses at the flames, water gushed from windows and doorways, forming icicles on window frames and leaving the street slick and icy.
The facade of the building and trees out front were also coated with a layer of ice.
Ball said the frosty conditions were creating an additional set of hazards for the 55 firefighters on the scene.
Fire officials appeared to get the fire under control about 11:30 a.m. Firefighters who had been aiming a hose at the flames from a truck-mounted crane shut off their water, and with smoke still billowing from the roof, other investigators began to approach the front door.
Outgoing Minneapolis Mayor R.T. Rybak told reporters he was "deeply concerned" about the fire.
A mosque that is next door to the gutted building appeared to escape any obvious structural damage. Abdisalam Adam, the imam at Islamic Civic Society of America & Masjid Dar Al-Hijrah, watched the firefighting efforts and said he was praying for those affected by the fire.
Associated Press reporters Erin Gartner in Chicago and Dinesh Ramde in Milwaukee contributed to this report.


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What is your favorite firewall to use? Or even, what is, in your opinion, the most effective one to use?
ok jRoc...we've had some fun...now...learn rule 1
SEARCH before asking...there's been like a 100 discussions on firewalls...their in the archives...which are there for a reason...use em...
I used to be With IT. But then they changed what IT was. Now what I'm with isn't IT, and what's IT seems scary and weird." - Abe Simpson
Hmmm, try reading or searching the forums before you post.... Secondly that question is answered in the Antionline FAQ
EDIT: Thanks for backing me up zigar I made my post a few seconds after you made yours... Hmmm DAMN YOU
I'm sorry I'm new and I'm an idiot. Please don't mind me
sigh...search on www.google.com...
but personally, I like Agnitum's Outpost. www.agnitum.com
much credit to you for trying to learn, but check the resources available before posting questions that could be answered with a single address or a couple of mouse clicks...
"entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem"
"entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity."
-Occam's Razor
but jroc u claimed you had years of hacking experiance surly u know what a good firewall is??
I like a Cisco Pix.. but too expensive
checkpoint, SonicWall and Watchguard are easy to setup and work nicely.
Mostly I prefer something hardware based......
norton personal firewall is good tying to find someone to test it.
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Artist description:
Java Draw Created Jan 15, 2012 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2012 bosterix.
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Precious & absolutely wonderful! I must Fave this ;D 5/5
so cute !!!! and a fantastic drawing bosterix !!!!!5/5f !
Haha, when I saw the thumbnail I thought that it was a kid with the white bird and I was like, "Hmmm, that kid looks quite strange." But now that I see that it is a monkey or so, they are very cute together! An unlikely but sweet pair. 5/5 and faves.
aww this drawing looks so sweat :D really nice idea and a great drawing i must say ^-^ 5/5♥
you really have such cute draws of birds and animals ! iressistible !
so very lovely..sweet adorable friends...wonderful Bosterix 5♥s and FAVE
Too cute :) 5 hearts!
Cool 5/5