text:
Biological Anthropology with MyAnthroLab and Pearson eText Student Access Code Card / Edition 3 available in Paperback
- 0205179304
- 9780205179305
- Pub. Date:
- 08/17/2011
- Publisher:
- Pearson
Biological Anthropology with MyAnthroLab and Pearson eText Student Access Code Card / Edition 3
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Discover the Best of Biological Anthropology: From its Earliest Foundations to its Most Current Innovations
Biological Anthropology, 3/e is written to appeal to a wide range of students. It continues to build upon the strength and success of its first and second editions by integrating the foundations of the field with the most current innovations happening today.
Over the past 40 years, biological anthropology has rapidly evolved from the study of physical anthropology into biological anthropology. Biological anthropology is now an integrative combination of information from the fossil record and the human skeleton, genetics of individuals and of populations, our primate relatives, human adaptation, and human behavior. The third edition of Biological Anthropology combines the most up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of the foundations of the field with modern innovations and discoveries.
Teaching and Learning Experience
Improve Critical Thinking - Visual summaries, critical thinking questions, Insights and Advances boxes and author suggested readings found within each chapter encourage students to examine assumptions, discern hidden values, evaluate evidence, assess conclusions, and more!
Engage Students - Woven into each chapter, student-oriented pedagogy, art, photos, and maps help students gain a better understanding of key material.
Support Instructors – Teaching your course just got easier! You can Create a Customized Text or use our author reviewed Instructor's Manual, Electronic "MyTest" Test Bank or PowerPoint Presentation Slides. Additionally, we offer fantastic bundling options for the lab portion of your course with our Method & Practice in Biological Anthropology: A Workbook and Laboratory Manual for Introductory Courses, or our Atlas of Anthropology. (Both able to be packaged at a significant discount!)
Product Details
|Publication date:
|Edition description:
|Older Edition
|Product dimensions:
|8.30(w) x 10.80(h) x 0.30(d)
About the Author
In This Section:
I. Author Bio
II. Author Letter
I. Author Bio
Follow Us On Twitter: @BioAnthroSAA
Craig Stanford is a professor of anthropology and biological sciences at the University of Southern California, where he also directs the Jane Goodall Research Center. He has conducted field research on primate behavior in south Asia, Latin America, and East Africa. He is well known for his long-term studies of meat-eating among wild chimpanzees in Gombe, Tanzania, and of the relationship between mountain gorillas and chimpanzees in the Impenetrable Forest of Uganda. He has authored or coauthored more than 120 scientific publications. Craig has received USC's highest teaching awards for his introductory biological anthropology course. In addition, he has published eleven books on primate behavior and human origins, including Significant Others (2001), Upright (2003) and Beautiful Minds (2008). He and his wife, Erin Moore, a cultural anthropologist at USC, live in South Pasadena, California, and have three children.
John Allen is a research scientist in the Dornsife Cognitive Neuroscience Imaging Center and the Brain and Creativity Institute at the University of Southern California. Previously, he was a neuroscience researcher at the University of Iowa College of Medicine and a faculty member in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, for several years. His primary research interests are the evolution of the human brain and behavior, and behavioral disease. He also has research experience in molecular genetics, nutritional anthropology, and the history of anthropology. He has conducted fieldwork in Japan, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Palau. He has received university awards for teaching introductory courses in biological anthropology both as a graduate student instructor at the University of California and as a faculty member at the University of Auckland. In addition to BiologicalAnthropology, he is also the author of Medical Anthropology: A Biocultural Approach (with Andrea S. Wiley; 2009) and The Lives of the Brain (2009). John and his wife, Stephanie Sheffield, have two sons, Reid and Perry.
Susan Antón is a professor in the Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology at New York University, where she also directs the M.A. program in Human Skeletal Biology. Her field research concerns the evolution of genus Homo in Indonesia and human impact on island ecosystems in the South Pacific. She is best known for her work on H. erectus in Kenya and Indonesia, for which she was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2008. She is past editor of the Journal of Human Evolution. She received awards for teaching as a graduate student instructor of introductory physical anthropology and anatomy at the University of California, was Teacher of the Year while at the University of Florida, and a Golden Dozen teaching award recipient at NYU. She has been twice elected to Who's Who Among America's Teachers. Susan and her husband, Carl Swisher, a geochronologist, raise Anatolian shepherd dogs.
II. Author Letter
Dear Colleague,
It is our pleasure to be able to bring you the third edition of our textbook Biological anthropology: the natural history of
humankind.We are writing to you to share some highlights from the new edition. We have done our best to keep the book comprehensive, cutting edge, and accessibly readable. Over the past three years, new fossil discoveries, new revelations about primate behavior, and new breakthroughs in molecular biology have made an update of our previous edition essential. As always, we have endeavored to provide students and instructors with the very best coverage of these issues, and also the best photographs and images available.
We believe that Biological anthropology offers you an outstanding choice in its comprehensive coverage of topics as well
as its clarity, originality, critical-thinking approach, and presentation of beautifully done artwork and photography. All the traditional topics covered in other introductory biological anthropology texts are covered in detail. We also treat topics that are rarely covered in traditional texts, but are at the cutting edge of field. These include biomedical anthropology, brain evolution, and forager societies.
In addition, new aspects of the third edition include:
• Updated treatment of recent discoveries of Australopithecus sediba, Ardipithecus ramidus, Darwinius, and Denisova hominins,
plus advances in the study of Ancient DNA of Neandertals
• New discoveries about chimpanzee culture, including the latest research on tool use and hunting
• Updates on genetics, including ancient DNA and population genetics
• Expanded treatment of evolutionary aspects of human health and disease
• New photographs of fossils, primates, and other subjects
• New anatomical illustrations, featuring systematic redrawing of fossil and osteological artwork by medical artists
Each chapter of the book now contains an updated visual summary.
We wrote the first edition of Biological anthropology because, as teaching assistants during our graduate school days, we
were disappointed in the overall quality of other books that were available. We are very pleased that Biological anthropology
has become a leader in the biological anthropology textbook market. We are, as always, grateful for feedback from instructors and we try our best to incorporate updates to both the content and appearance of the book with instructor needs in mind. We realize that you, the instructor, have a choice of books to assign and we were committed to producing a new third edition that would meet your needs and those of students in this fascinating field of study.
Sincerely yours,
Craig Stanford
John S. Allen
Susan c. Antón
Table of Contents
Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology?
Part I: Mechanisms of Evolution
Chapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought
Chapter 2: Genetics: Cells and Molecules
Chapter 3: Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype
Chapter 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species
Chapter 5: Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability
Part II: Primates
Chapter 6: The Primates
Chapter 7: Primate Behavior
Part III: Paleontology and Primate Evolution
Chapter 8: Fossils in Geological Context
Chapter 9: Origin of Primates
Chapter 10: Becoming Human: The Ape—Hominin Transition
Part IV: The Human Fossil Record
Chapter 11: Early Hominins
Chapter 12: Rise of the Genus Homo
Chapter 13: Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals
Chapter 14: The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo sapiens
Part V: New Frontiers in Biological Anthropology
Chapter 15: Evolution of the Brain and Language
Chapter 16: Biomedical Anthropology
Chapter 17: The Evolution of Human Behavior
Chapter 18: Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
Appendix A: Overview of the Brain
Appendix B: Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy
Appendix C: The Hardy—Weinberg Equilibrium
Appendix D: Metric—Imperial Conversions
About the Authors
Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology?
The Scope of Biological Anthropology
Skeletal Biology and Human Osteology
Forensic Anthropology
Human Biology
The Roots of Modern Biological Anthropology
Anthropology and Its Subfields
Cultural Anthropology
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: A Paradigm Split in Anthropology?
Linguistic Anthropology
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Part I: Mechanisms of Evolution
Chapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought
What Is Science?
The Early Thinkers
The Roots of Modern Science
Linnaeus and the Natural Scheme of Life
The Road to the Darwinian Revolution
The Uniformitarians: Hutton and Lyell
The Darwinian Revolution
The Galápagos
Refining the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Darwin versus Wallace?
The Response to Darwin
Science and Creationism
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What Is Intelligent Design?
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 2: Genetics: Cells and Molecules
The Study of Genetics
Genetic Metaphors: Blueprints, Recipes, or What?
The Cell
Cell Anatomy
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Cloning Controversies
DNA Structure and Function
DNA Structure I: The Molecular Level
DNA Function I: Replication
DNA Function II: Protein Synthesis
DNA Structure II: Chromosomes and Cell Division
INNOVATIONS: The Wide World of RNA
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Biochemical Individuality
Molecular Tools For Bioanthropological Research
Indirect versus Direct Research Methods
PCR, Mitochondrial DNA, and Ancient DNA
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 3: Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype
From Genotype to Phenotype
The ABO Blood Type System
Obesity: A Complex Interaction
Mendelian Genetics
Mendel's Postulates
Linkage and Crossing Over
Point Mutation and Sickle Cell Disease
Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases
Mutations: Bad, Neutral, and Good
X-Linked Disorders
Mendelian Genetics in Humans
Genetics Beyond Mendel
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Popular Mendelism and the Shadow of Eugenics
Polygenic Traits, the Phenotype, and the Environment
Heritability and IQ Test Score Performance
Phenylketonuria: Illustrating Mendelian and Post-Mendelian Concepts
Genes and Environments
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species
How Evolution Works
Where Does Variation Come From?
How Natural Selection Works
Other Ways by Which Evolution Happens
Classification and Evolution
Taxonomy and Speciation
What Is a Species?
A Guide to Species Concepts
Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
The Origin of Species: How Species Are Formed
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What's in a Name? Species Concepts, Genetics, and Con-servation
The Tempo of Speciation
Is Everything Adaptive?
Hardy—Weinberg Equilibrium
Levels of Selection
Inclusive Fitness
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 5: Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability
Human Variation at the Individual and Group Level
What Is a Population?
Historical Perspectives on Human Variation
Recording Human Variation in Past Civilizations
The Monogenism—Polygenism Debate
Race and Racism in the Twentieth Century
Changing Attitudes toward Race in Anthropology
Deconstructing Racial Features
Population Genetics
Polymorphisms: ABO and Other Blood Type Systems
Gene Flow and Protein Polymorphisms
Polymorphisms and Phylogenetic Studies
Polymorphisms and Natural Selection in Human Populations
The Evolution of Lactose Tolerance
Balanced Polymorphisms: Sickle-Cell and Other Conditions
Adaptation and Adaptability
Levels of Adaptability
Heat and Cold
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Technology and Extreme Environments
Body Size and Shape
Living at High Altitude
Skin Color
Adaptability to Water
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Part II: Primates
Chapter 6: The Primates
The Primate Radiation
The Extraordinary Diversity of Nonhuman Primates
What Exactly Is a Primate?
Anatomical Traits
Life History Traits
Behavioral Traits: Activity and Sociality
A Guide to the Nonhuman Primates
The Strepsirhines
The Haplorhines
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Rarest of the Rare
The New World Monkeys
The Old World Monkeys
The Hominoids
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Impending Extinction of the Great Apes?
Primate Ecology
The Cycles of a Tropical Forest
You Are What You Eat: Dietary and Digestive Strategies
Diet and Feeding Competition
Territories and Ranges
Primate Communities
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 7: Primate Behavior
Studying Primates
The Evolution of Primate Social Behavior
Social Behavior and Reproductive Asymmetry
Male Reproductive Strategies
Female Reproductive Strategies
Why Are Nonhuman Primates Social?
The Paradox of Sociality
INNOVATIONS: Culture in Nonhuman Primates
Types of Nonhuman Primate Societies
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Infanticide Wars
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Are Chimpanzees from Mars and Bonobos from Venus?
Reconstructing the Evolution of Primate Societies
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Part III: Paleontology and Primate Evolution
Chapter 8: Fossils in Geological Context
How to Become a Fossil
The Importance of Context
The Geologic Time Scale
How Old Is It?
Relative Dating Techniques
Calibrated Relative Dating Techniques
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Piltdown Hoax
Chronometric Dating Techniques
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Dating Controversies
INNOVATIONS: Time in a Bottle
The Earth in the Cenozoic
Continents and Land Masses
The Environment in the Cenozoic
Overview of Climatic Changes during the Cenozoic
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 9: Origin of Primates
The Mesozoic and Beyond
Dawn of the Age of Mammals
The Crater of Doom: What Happened at the K—T Boundary?
Changes in the Paleocene: The Origin of Primates?
Why Primates?
Early Primates of the Eocene
Adapoids (Strepsirhine Ancestors)
Omomyoids (Haplorhine Ancestors)
Continental Drift and Eocene Primates
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Subfossil Lemurs of Madagascar
Selective Pressures Favoring the Strepsirhine—Haplorhine Split
Evolution of Higher Primates
The First Monkeys?
New World Monkeys
Old World Monkeys
What Favored the Origin of Anthropoids?
The Earliest Apes
Selection Pressures and the Divergence of Monkeys and Apes
The Monkey's Tale: What Happened to Primate Diversity in the Miocene?
Molecular Evolution in Primates
A Primate Molecular Phylogeny
Molecular Phylogeny and Human Origins
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 10: Becoming Human: The Ape—Hominin Transition
Becoming a Biped
Anatomical Changes
Constructing the Bipedal Body Plan
Locomotion of the Last Common Ancestor
Why Bipeds?
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Overheated Radiator?
The Transition to Human Behavior
Primate Intelligence: Why Are Human Brains Big?
What Made Humans Human?
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Part IV: The Human Fossil Record
Chapter 11: Early Hominins
Will You Know a Hominin When You See One?
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: A Rose by Any Other Name: Hominins versus Hominins
The First Hominins?
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Orrorin tugenensis
Ardipithecus ramidus and Ardipithecus kadabba
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Treasures of the Afar Triangle
Australopithecus and Kin
Australopithecus anamensis
Australopithecus afarensis
INNOVATIONS: Dikika and Development
Australopithecus bahrelghazali
Kenyanthropus platyops
Australopithecus garhi
Australopithecus africanus
The Robust Australopithecines (or Paranthropines)
Understanding the Australopithecine Radiation
Tools and Intelligence
Ancestors and Descendants
Questions for Future Paleoanthropologists
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 12: Rise of The Genus Homo
Defining the Genus Homo
Earliest Genus Homo
Early Tool Use
Hunting and Scavenging
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Understanding the Meat-Eating Past through the Pre-sent
Who Was Homo erectus?
Anatomical Features
Homo erectus versus Homo ergaster
Homo erectus around the World
African Origins
The First African Diaspora: Republic of Georgia
Dispersal into East Asia
The Status of Homo erectus in Europe
The Lifeways of Homo erectus
Homo erectus and the Early Stone Age
A Higher-Quality Diet: Homo erectus Subsistence
Homo erectus Life History
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What's Size Got to Do with It?
Homo erectus Leaves Africa
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 13: Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals
Hominin Evolution in the Middle to Late Pleistocene
Defining Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens
Archaic Homo sapiens
European Archaic Homo sapiens
African Archaic Homo sapiens
Asian Archaic Homo sapiens
Behavior of Archaic Homo sapiens
Stone Tools
Biodegradable Tools
Big Game Hunting
Fire, Campsites, and Home Sites
The Neandertals
Geographic and Temporal Distribution
History of Neandertal Discovery
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Neandertal Image Makeovers
Neandertal Anatomy and DNA
Growth and Development
Health and Disease
INNOVATIONS: Neandertal Genes
Neandertal Behavior
Material Culture
Coping with Cold
Hunting and Subsistence
Ritual and Symbolic Behavior
Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Issues: An Overview
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 14: The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo sapiens
The Emergence of Modern Humans
Models of Modern Human Origins
Multiregional and Replacement Models
Predictions of the Two Models
Anatomy and Distribution of Early Humans
Near East
Asia and Southeast Asia
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Little People of Flores
Archaeology of Modern Human Origins
Stone and Other Tools
Settlement of the New World and Pacific Islands
Molecular Genetics and Human Origins
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The "Vitamin D Line"
Mitochondrial DNA
The Y Chromosome
MRCAs for Nuclear Genes
Ancient DNA
Interpreting Models of Human Origins
Paleontology and Archaeology
Molecular Genetics
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Part V: New Frontiers in Biological Anthropology
Chapter 15: Evolution of the Brain and Language
Issues in Hominin Brain Evolution
Brain Size and Encephalization
Brain Size and the Fossil Record
Brain Reorganization
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Ten-Percent Myth: Evolution and Energy
Language: Biology and Evolution
The Evolution of Grammar
Language in the Brain
Language in the Throat
Language Ability and the Fossil Record
INNOVATIONS: Music, the Brain, and Evolution
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Ape Language Studies
Senarios of Language Evolution
Brain Size, Language, and Intelligence
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 16: Biomedical Anthropology
Epidemiology: Basic Tools For Biomedical Anthropology
Rates: Mortality, Incidence, and Prevalence
Epidemiological Transitions
Biocultural and Evolutionary Approaches to Disease
The Biocultural Approach
The Evolutionary Approach
Birth, Growth, and Aging
Human Childbirth
Patterns of Human Growth
Stages of Human Growth
The Secular Trend in Growth
Menarche and Menopause
Infectious Disease and Biocultural Evolution
Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Disease
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Kuru, Cannibalism, and Prion Diseases
Infectious Disease and the Evolutionary Arms Race
Diet and Disease
The Paleolithic Diet
Agriculture and Nutritional Deficiency
Agriculture and Abundance: Thrifty and Nonthrifty Genotypes
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 17: The Evolution of Human Behavior
Studying the Evolution of Human Behavior
The Evolution of Human Behavior: Four Approaches
Behavioral Patterns and Evolution
Traditional Lives in Evolutionary Ecological Perspective
Quantification in Evolutionary Ecological Research
Hunting, Gathering, and the Sexual Division of Labor
Sexual Selection and Human Behavior
Risk-Taking Behavior
Inbreeding Avoidance and Incest Taboos
Language-Related Cross-Cultural Behaviors
Motherese or Infant-Directed Speech
Basic Color Terms
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Reading, Writing, and Evolution
Behavioral Disease
Depression and Natural Selection
Psychoactive Substance Use and Abuse
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
Chapter 18: Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology
Life, Death, and the Skeleton
Field Recovery Methods
Laboratory Processing, Curation, and Chain of Custody
The Biological Profile
Age at Death
Height and Weight
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Ancestry Genetics
Premortem Injury and Disease
Perimortem Trauma
Postmortem Trauma
DNA, Kinship, and Identity
Identification and Forensic Anthropology
INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Genghis Khan Effect
Time Since Death
Antemortem Records and Positive IDs
Facial Reconstruction
Applications of Bioarchaeology
Mortuary Archaeology
Biocultural Evolution of Health and Disease
Activity Patterns and Subsistence Change
Applications of Forensic Anthropology
Mass Fatalities
War Dead
War Crimes and Genocide
Summary • Critical Thinking Questions • Key Terms • Suggested Reading
APPENDIX A Overview of the Brain
APPENDIX B Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy
APPENDIX C The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
APPENDIX D Metric-Imperial Conversions
Photo Credits
Customer Reviews
Average Review


text:
SEATTLE — Starling Marte got the Pirates started with a triple — and it only got better after that.
Marte hit two of Pittsburgh's five home runs and Jeff Locke pitched seven sharp innings to lead the Pirates past the Seattle Mariners 9-4 on Tuesday night for their fifth straight victory.
Marte opened the game with a triple and hit solo shots in the second and eighth for the first multihomer game of his career.
"We had some power jump out there tonight," Pittsburgh manager Clint Hurdle said.
Pittsburgh (47-30) moved 17 games over .500 for the first time since the end of 1992, its last winning season. The Pirates peaked at 62-46 last year before fading to a 17-37 finish.
Locke (7-1) limited Seattle to two runs and four hits, leaving him tied for second in the National League with a 2.06 ERA. He struck out four and walked two.
"Probably had the lightest stuff he's had all season. But at the end of the day, looking at his numbers, he still found a way to keep the game in check," Hurdle said.
Brandon Inge hit a three-run shot in the second inning, his first home run since last August. Russell Martin and Gaby Sanchez also went deep for the Pirates in their first five-homer game since July 22, 2009, against Milwaukee.
It was the second time this season the Mariners have allowed five long balls. Houston connected five times on April 9.
"They always say that hitting is contagious. It's true, when one guys goes, another one goes," Inge said. "It's something we just rolled with."
Kyle Seager hit his 10th home run in the sixth for the Mariners. It was the sixth that Locke has allowed this season, first by a left-handed hitter.
Justin Smoak added a two-out, two-run homer in the ninth off Bryan Morris.
Marte rattled his first-inning triple into the right-field corner and scored on Jordy Mercer's groundout.
That was as much damage as Mariners lefty Joe Saunders (5-8) allowed in his previous start Wednesday at the Los Angeles Angels, when he gave up his only run on a wild pitch in a complete-game, 1-0 loss.
Saunders couldn't complete two innings this time as the Pirates chased him with five runs in the second.
"It was just a bad night for him," Mariners manager Eric Wedge said. "They came in swinging the bats. He just made some mistakes and some of those don't come back."
Martin opened the inning with his home run to center, his eighth. With one out, Tony Sanchez singled and Neil Walker walked. Inge, with two hits in his previous 32 at-bats, connected for a three-run shot to left on a 2-2 pitch for his first homer since Aug. 1 with Oakland against Tampa Bay.
"I don't like zeros in that stat," Inge said. "Just get that one out of the way. Now I can relax and do my normal swing. A lot of times when you're trying to hit home runs, especially me, it doesn't work."
One pitch later, Marte homered to right-center.
"Bad start, bad start. All nine hitters, the ball was up in the zone and down the middle of the plate," Saunders said. "I could go on and on. Just a bad one."
After Andrew McCutchen's two-out double, Blake Beavan replaced Saunders, who is 10-3 in 17 starts at Safeco Field. His ERA at the park rose from 2.31 to 2.80.
"I think it was a lack of execution, and he'll be the first to tell you," Hurdle said. "We saw his 1-0 complete game. We've seen him effective many times. Making the pitch he needed to or wanted wasn't really there. It happens up here."
The Mariners scored a run in the second on Carlos Triunfel's two-out single to center. Seager opened the sixth with his home run to right on a 2-1 pitch from Locke.
Marte hit his eighth homer with two outs in the eighth on the first pitch from Carter Capps. Sanchez hit his seventh in the ninth off Capps.
NOTES: The last time Saunders worked just 1 2-3 innings was Aug. 7, 2009, with the Angels against the Rangers. His career low is two-thirds of an inning on Sept. 30, 2006, with the Angels against the A's. ... The Pirates have had eight scheduled days off this season, including one Monday. They are 8-0 in the first game after an off day. ... Before the game, the Mariners placed CF Franklin Gutierrez on the 15-day disabled list (strained right hamstring) and recalled OF-2B Dustin Ackley from Triple-A Tacoma.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Bed-wetting, or "enuresis," is rarely an emotional or psychological problem. It doesn't mean that your child is too lazy to get up or is trying to control you, or that she's stubborn or immature. Usually bed-wetting is simply a developmental lag -- and one that you may have experienced yourself: If both her parents were bed-wetters after the age of 6, a child has about an 80 percent chance of being one; if only one parent was wet at night, the child has a 40 percent chance of having accidents. There are late walkers, late talkers -- and late dry-nighters. In addition, some children have small bladders that are more easily overfilled, and some studies suggest others don't produce enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is released by the pituitary gland during sleep and causes the kidneys to manufacture less urine so that the bladder doesn't fill beyond capacity. In any case, it's unreasonable to expect a child under the age of 4 or 5 to always wake up dry.
In fact, a child who wets the bed usually can't control it any more than one with asthma can help wheezing. So take heart knowing that most bed-wetters outgrow the problem without treatment; if your youngster isn't bothered by it there's no reason to intervene -- but if she is, there are effective tactics to try.
Contributing editor William Sears, M.D., is coauthor ofThe Pregnancy Book, The Baby Book, and The Discipline Book.
Why kids wet the bedIt helps to understand how children achieve bladder control. Infants urinate in response to the bladder-emptying reflex: When the bladder has stretched to a certain point, it automatically releases the urine. Sometime between 2 and 3 years of age, most children become aware of bladder fullness, and learn that they can consciously inhibit the bladder-emptying reflex and hold in their urine. At this point they achieve daytime bladder control.
Nighttime control occurs when a child can unconsciously inhibit the bladder-emptying reflex. So think of bed-wetting as a communication problem: The bladder and the brain don't "speak" during sleep. The child who urinates in his sleep literally sleeps through his bladder's signals and fails to wake up to go to the bathroom.
Steps to dry nights
As a 5-year-old, Ben rarely had dry nights. His mom didn't worry much about it, but when he turned 6 she became concerned and brought him in to see me. Bed-wetting isn't at all unusual for a boy under the age of 6 (in fact, boys with the problem outnumber girls two to one), but by this age Ben was tired of waking up wet and his mom was tired of all the laundry. Besides, Ben was eager to be able to spend the night at friends' houses and didn't want to be embarrassed by an accident.
I suggested that Ben's mom follow the method I've recommended for 25 years. It's a time-tested approach that I estimate works for at least 70 percent of my patients. While it often takes all seven steps, the problem may be solved even sooner and most children begin to experience dry nights within about a month.
Before you start, however, make sure your child's bed-wetting isn't caused by a medical condition or by stress from a life event that may need to be dealt with.
Once you've ruled out an emotional or serious physical cause, you'll also want to be sure that the problem truly needs to be addressed at this point. Ask yourself these questions:
- Is your child 6 or older? (If not, it's best to wait for him to outgrow the bed-wetting.)
- Is your child bothered by his repeated bed-wetting? Does he really seem to want to stop?
- Are you so tired of coping with the problem that it's worth the effort to make your child stop bed-wetting?
If the answer to any one of these questions is yes, you'll have a much better chance of success.
Step by stepStep one
Educate your child Describe for her how her bladder becomes filled with urine and signals that it needs to be emptied. Here's how I explain it: "Your bladder is like a balloon the size of a baseball. Inside the balloon are tiny nerves, like feelers, that tell you when your bladder is full of urine. When you're awake you can feel this pressure, but you can hold it because there's a big doughnut-shaped muscle at the end of your bladder that you squeeze shut to keep your pee inside. So if you're in the middle of playing a game and don't want to go to the bathroom, you're able to hold it. But at night your brain is sleeping so deeply that it says to the bladder, 'Don't bother me, I'm sleeping.' The bladder may say, 'I'm too full, I've got to go,' so out onto the sheets comes the pee." You might want to supplement this discussion with a picture book, such as Dry All Night, by Alison Mack.
Step two
Bring on the reinforcement Place a chart near your child's bed with squares for each day of the week. Have her jot down a D for dry nights and W for wet nights, or use stickers -- one type to depict dry nights, one for wet ones. After so many dry nights, she gets an agreed-upon prize. (Try a social reward, such as a special outing at a place of her choice.) Soon you'll be able to phase out the prizes as the dry bed and the feeling of mastery over her bladder become its own reward. This is successful in 80 to 85 percent of cases.
As a further incentive, I ask the child to call me with a weekly progress report. This takes pressure off the parents and helps the child take more responsibility for her body.
Step three
Teach triple voiding Many children go to bed with a half-full bladder. Just before bedtime, encourage your youngster to "go three times" or to "grunt, grunt, grunt" while urinating to push the urine out.
Step four
Get the bladder and brain to talk Just before bedtime, remind your child how his brain and bladder communicate at night, so that he dozes off "programmed" to get up when his bladder is too full. Have him repeat phrases that imprint on his brain the actions to take -- "I will get up and go to the bathroom when I feel my bladder get big," "I will splash water on my face and go three times."
Step five
Do the shake-and-wake Since most children wet their bed within a few hours of falling asleep, around the time you go to bed, the perfect opportunity for a second trip to the toilet is just before you retire. Awaken your child completely, so that she's able to walk to the bathroom and is aware of what's going on. If necessary, use a cool wash rag on her face to wake her up. Then go through the "grunt three times to push the pee out" drill. Remind her to repeat the phrases she learned in Step Four when she gets back into bed.
Step six
Do bladder-training drills These exercises increase bladder capacity, neuromuscular control, and awareness of daytime bladder fullness -- and hopefully will carry over into the night. (But be sure to check with your pediatrician first -- especially before having your daughter practice the drills: Little girls who have a history of urinary tract infections may run the risk of developing one by holding their urine):
- During the day encourage your child to drink large amounts of fluid and voluntarily hold his urine for increasingly longer times, even though he has the urge to void. In time, his bladder will stretch, much like a balloon that's repeatedly inflated, and should be able to hold more without having to empty it so often. The usual bladder capacity is a child's age plus two ounces -- so a 6-year-old should be able to hold eight ounces of urine.
- Have your child start and stop his stream several times during urination. That way he learns that he can actually control his bladder.
Step seven
Go high-tech If the prior six steps have failed to stem the flow -- and you and your child are still committed to ending bed-wetting episodes -- you can try using a bladder-conditioning device. This is a moisture-sensitive pad, worn inside the underwear or built into the sheet, and a buzzer, which goes off when a drop or two of urine strikes the pad, alerting a parent to wake up the child and get her to go to the toilet. It operates on the principle of conditioned response. In time, the child subconsciously pays attention to her bladder rather than be rudely awakened. These devices are available from stores and catalogs that sell childcare products and cost about $50 -- a small price for some worried parents to pay if bed-wetting is causing their child serious distress.
This technique can be effective 90 percent of the time if used correctly. For best results:
- Have your child empty her bladder completely with the triple voiding technique just before going to bed.
- Explain to her that the buzzer will help her bladder and brain listen to one another at night while she's sleeping. Tell her what to expect: "Imagine waking up and taking a trip to the toilet. Pretend your bladder is full and starting to stretch and it's time to get up."
- Practice: As she's lying in bed, set off the alarm manually, and have your child hop out of bed as soon as she hears it. Then walk her to the bathroom, remind her how to wake herself up by splashing water on her face or holding a wet washcloth against it, and have her urinate three times. Explain that the aim of the game is to "beat the buzzer" and for her to sense when her bladder is full before the alarm goes off.
Run through the procedure several times, until she's used to the sound of the alarm and won't be frightened by it in the night. Then hook up the device according to the manufacturer's instructions. So you can hear the alarm, you may need to camp out in or near her bedroom or turn on an intercom in her room and yours.
It can take a lot of work, but when you and your child really want to end his bed-wetting, it will happen -- and can be worth the effort. As one patient of mine said, "Being dry makes me feel so happy. Now I can stay overnight at my friend's house without feeling embarrassed."


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Sweet Lil' Nails ("Lil' Bratz") : The Lil' Bratz head to the mall for new sandals. But before they can wear their awesome new footwear, they must do their nails - fingers and toes! Use this sparkly nail polish, emery board, and toe separators to get the same stylin' look as the Lil' Bratz!
|Tweens Fiction
|Books to Movies
|Tweens Nonfiction
|Manualidades y Hobbies


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Nice work! Enjoy the show!
Link Copied!
Luxury watchmaker Audemars embraces second-hand
Opening Sequence
CIA believes Saudi crown prince ordered killing
Abrams acknowledges defeat in Georgia governor's race
Trump says he 'easily' answered Mueller's questions
CNN, Acosta win back White House press pass
After a Brexit storm, relative calm for May
Hard reality for Iran's economic dreams in Syria
Khmer Rouge leaders found guilty of genocide
Facebook hits 20-month low on regulation jitters
INSIGHT: Zoo panda enjoys a snow day
Closing Sequence


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Before you submit your application, please read through our entry criteria carefully to ensure you meet our requirements.
Please ensure you select the mode of attendance and start date that you wish to apply for below.
If you haven't begun an online application already, you will need to select 'new user' once the form is opened and set up a username and password. This allows you to save and return to your application if you can't complete the application in one go.
Please note: most students from countries outside the European Union/European Economic Area and classified as overseas fee paying, are not eligible to apply for part-time courses due to UK student visa regulations. For information on exceptions please visit the UKCISA website or email our International Student Advisory Centre.
We strongly suggest that applicants who require a visa to study in the UK ensure that their application and supporting documentation reach us by the first week of August 2019, although we may still accept applications after this date.
All other applicants should ideally apply before the first week of September 2019, although we may still accept applications after this date.
Please note that the processing of your application will be delayed if the above documents are not supplied and if we do not receive these documents in good time your application may be withdrawn.
If you cannot upload your supporting documentation with your application, please scan and email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Please ensure that you quote your name, Kingston ID and course applied for in all correspondence with Kingston University.
We will also require the following pieces of information to allow us to confirm your place on the course. These can be forwarded to us after you have submitted your application:
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This course is taught at Kingston Hill
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This course is taught at Kingston Hill


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Visitors to Oahu will encounter all varieties of room sizes, styles, and amenities. We know. We slept in more than 90 beds across the island to come up with these top picks. To choose the best rooms, we favored hotels that created distinctive, up-to-date spaces, rather than defaulting to the traditional prints and lackluster fabrics of a bygone Hawaii. To make this list, the hotel room must be spacious, stylish, and sumptuous.
The Kahala tops our list of best hotel rooms with spacious, recently renovated rooms that are expertly decorated (we wish our homes were this tasteful and elegant). The décor -- earth tones, stripes, and florals paired together, and a dark-wood, two-poster bed -- strikes a classy note. Enormous bathrooms are well-appointed with soaking tubs, walk-in showers with rain showerheads, and bath products by Floris of London. The hotel offers 16 different types of rooms and suites, and for a princely sum you can have one that overlooks the dolphin lagoon or sits right on the beach.
Steering clear of the standard Hawaiian florals and polyester blankets, rooms here stand out for their sophisticated, urban design. Dark wood paneling and slate floors provide a sharp contrast with the white linens and white desk, and colorful accents like the orange blankets and red-trimmed mirror brighten those neutrals. The "Miami bachelor pad" feel carries over to the mounted flat-screen TV and the sleek, modern bathroom.
The one- and two-bedroom condo units here are the newest in Waikiki, and their spiffy appliances earn them a spot on the top Hawaii room list. The fully equipped kitchens have GE appliances, including a full-size fridge and dishwasher. The spiffiness continues with tech perks like free Wi-Fi, two 37-inch flat-screen TVs with about 500 digital channels, a DVD player, and surround sound. Each suite has a Bosch washer and dryer too, making these rooms especially attractive for families on long stays. You can count on sleeping soundly on beds with six pillows, pillow-top mattresses, and high-thread-count linens.
The appeal of guest rooms at the Halekulani rests in their simple, classic design. In keeping with the look of this iconic hotel, the spacious rooms are understated, decorated in white and other soft neutral tones. They come with balconies big enough for a table, two chairs, and a lounger, and large, luxurious bathrooms with soaking tubs. With free Wi-Fi, super-plush beds, and a 40-inch flat-screen TV, guests may be tempted to stay indoors.
While rooms in the Tower Wing come across as bland and dated, the recently renovated (in 2008) rooms in the Historic Wing of this iconic 1927 hotel are whimsical and romantic. Striking red-and-gold wallpaper covers the walls, while the floors are carpeted in an olive-and-green Florentine pattern. Somehow the mix-and-match colors, florals, and stripes all mesh beautifully, and the result is the feel of understated class. Bathrobes, slippers, and a fancy hair dryer are nice perks too.
Decorated in bright blues and greens - with a few contrasting red accents - rooms at Best Western are among the brightest and most creative on Oahu. Details like lamps and headboards are contemporary and funky, and we appreciated the use of circles everywhere (including the carpet, blanket, and headboard). Free Wi-Fi, small kitchenettes, and comfy pillow-topped beds are welcome additions to the cheery decor.
The Lotus was formerly a W hotel, and that past life is still evident in the stylish and comfortable rooms. The light neutral color scheme and teak furniture give the spacious rooms an airy, beachy feel. The balconies overlook nearby Diamond Head, the ocean, or both. Plush featherbeds, enormous bathrooms, and a very reasonable price tag solidify the Lotus' spot on our best rooms list.


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August 20th, 2012
Lawyers From Suits Against Big Tobacco Target Food Makers
By STEPHANIE STROM
New York Times
Don Barrett, a Mississippi lawyer, took in hundreds of millions of dollars a decade ago after suing Big Tobacco and winning record settlements from R. J. Reynolds, Philip Morris and other cigarette makers. So did Walter Umphrey, Dewitt M. Lovelace and Stuart and Carol Nelkin.
Ever since, the lawyers have been searching for big paydays in business, scoring more modest wins against car companies, drug makers, brokerage firms and insurers. Now, they have found the next target: food manufacturers.
More than a dozen lawyers who took on the tobacco companies have filed 25 cases against industry players like ConAgra Foods, PepsiCo, Heinz, General Mills and Chobani that stock pantry shelves and refrigerators across America.
The suits, filed over the last four months, assert that food makers are misleading consumers and violating federal regulations by wrongly labeling products and ingredients. While there has been a barrage of litigation against the industry in recent years, the tobacco lawyers are moving particularly aggressively. They are asking a federal court in California to halt ConAgras sales of Pam cooking spray, Swiss Miss cocoa products and some Hunts canned tomatoes.
Read more: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/19/business/lawyers-of-big-tobacco-lawsuits-take-aim-at-food-industry.html?smid=pl-share


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Boone Grove Graduate David Wichlinski Completing Summer Fellowship with Indiana Secretary of State
Contact: Jim Gavin
Opportunity offers current Wabash College student chance
to experience state government
(Indianapolis) – Indiana Secretary of State Todd Rokita is pleased to announce that David Wichlinski is currently completing the prestigious 2009 Indiana Secretary of State Fellowship Program. The summer-long program selects college and university students from around the state and allows them the opportunity to experience state government first-hand by rotating through the Secretary of State's divisions.
"David exemplifies the kind of top-notch students we have here in Indiana," Secretary Rokita said. "I feel that he is an individual who will help guide our state and country with his desperately-needed leadership in the coming years, and I'm thrilled to have him here, as he is a valuable addition to our office."
Wichlinski will be a junior at Wabash College this fall, where he is pursuing a degree in political science with a minor in rhetoric. He is a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity, the Sons of Wabash and the Wabash College Republicans.
"My entire time in the office has been far more engaging and enlightening than any other opportunity I've seized in the past," Wichlinski said. "All my talents and ambitions are cultivated daily in a truly unique working environment."
As a fellow, Wichlinski had the fortunate opportunity to sit in on a meeting between Secretary Rokita and the Chinese consul general from Chicago. He worked with team members to compile a follow-up letter to the consulate in order to cultivate pertinent communication lines between Indiana and the Chinese consulate, which exercised his critical thinking and rhetorical skills.
"The wisdom and career advice I have generously received will prove invaluable throughout my career," Wichlinski said. "Contributing to this program with the future leaders of Indiana gives me great confidence in our generation's ability to guide our state into the future."
A 2007 graduate of Boone Grove High School, Wichlinski is the son of Robert and Lynnette Wichlinski. He will graduate from Wabash in 2011 and plans to obtain a Master of Business Administration degree. Once established, he anticipates supplementing his career with work in campaigns and public service.
Media Contact: Jim Gavin: 317.233-8655 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Today's App Of The Day is for the frequent flyers amongst you. Not afraid to test these things out in the flesh, Pocket-lint hopped on a plane to see whether the BA app for Windows Phone 7 really is worth the bother.
BA (Windows Phone 7)
- Format
- Windows Phone 7
- Price
- Free
- Where
- Windows Phone 7 Marketplace
It's free, that's the first important thing to note for this app. You will need to be a member of BA's executive club (also free) to use it however. Why? Well because the two are linked with the app basically a way of seeing all your flight details quickly and easily on your phone with a couple of extra benefits along the way.
To test the app we flew from Heathrow to Paris and back again.
Designed specifically for Windows Phone 7, the app has been adapted and changed from its previous outings to enjoy the WP7 interface of scrolling panoramic menus with settings kept to a minimum. You can use the app to check in, change your seat, and then be your boarding pass for the flight.
Come security at Heathrow Terminal 5 all we had to do was hand our phone over to the security guard at departures. Users of the iPhone and Android app will know how this works, and the guard seemed unphased that we were doing so.
If you're lucky enough have access to the BA lounge you'll need to use the app to be scanned to gain access, again staff here were unphased.
In the lounge sadly the Windows Phone 7 option doesn't give you the lounge Wi-Fi password like the iPhone app, however, like other versions of the BA apps for other operating systems, it is automatically updated with the gate number and any other details that you need to know keeping you from straining to see the departures screen.
Get to the gate and it's a third scan of your phone and you're on the plane. It really is that easy.
When you're not flying (plane mode only remember) you can use the app to check your flight times, your scheduled trips, your pass trips, and exclusive to the Windows Phone version maps of the terminals you are flying to. Handy for finding your gate if you've got a connecting flight.
Other features include the app telling you whether your flight is on time, allowing you to know in advance of getting to the airport, something we experienced on our return home.
Running late and stuck in traffic we were able to fire up the app and instantly see that the flight was delayed - panic somewhat over. Agreed, it's something that we could have found out via the web, but not as quickly or easily. It's also worth noting that the system pulls the data from BA's internal data rather than anywhere else.
So what's the verdict?
The answer's simple. If you fly BA, and own a Windows Phone 7 device then this is a must have. In fact if you fly BA and have an iPhone, Android, or BlackBerry device then you need to download the company's app straight away as it will save you a lot of hassle flying BA in the future.
A must have.
The BA app will be available from Windows Phone Marketplace from 1 June 2011.


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gearing up for a 383 build
Reviewed By Scott G (Easley, SC) Reviewed for a 1994 Chevy Corvette —3/5/2014 9:02 AM
I have been doing a great deal of research ahead of my future 383 build. Everything I read about these TBs is true. Excellent piece of equipment. The job was pretty simple. I took me longer that BBK said i should, but I am a do-it-your-selfer and not a mechanic. In front of this TB I modified the airbox with a grinder, too the screen out of t he MAP. Haven't tweeked the tune yet, but noticed a difference anyway. AutoAnything offered the cheapest price. First time buyer with them--very pleased.


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Although subsurface drip irrigation has a place for improved returns in processing tomatoes on marginal soils in the San Joaquin Valley, University of California scientists caution it is not for all situations.
There is no question the method works well for fine-textured, salt-affected soils with shallow groundwater on the valley's West Side, says Blaine Hanson, irrigation specialist at UC, Davis.
He adds, however, that where yields are already high with furrow and sprinkler irrigation, any gains in production are not likely to offset the costs of conversion to drip.
Hanson and Don May, retired Fresno County farm advisor, have been working with drip and processing tomatoes on the West Side for the past five years.
They discussed their findings at a recent field day for vegetable growers at the West Side Research and Extension Center near Five Points.
When they began their trials in 1998, May said, local growers were skeptical, but after the growers saw the results, several decided to try drip the following season.
"The trials," Hanson added, "produced much higher yields than the growers were getting with sprinkler or furrow irrigation. Some just jumped into it right away. One grower put in 80 acres of drip, another put in 160 acres, and they've been increasing it ever since."
Costs were a factor then and remain so today, and Hanson said he estimates the cost of installation at about $850 per acre. "We calculated that capital cost amortized over the life of components of the system (drip tape at five years, filters and other equipment at 15 to 20 years).
"We found that the increase in profits due to the drip systems was in the order of $300 to $500, while the cost of a system was about $155 per year. So the increase in profit greatly exceeded the cost of a system."
Among the significant savings, according to May, were lower labor costs, along with savings in land preparation, since the fields were minimum tilled.
He said since cotton and tomatoes are grown on the same row spacing, the drip system remains in place and the growers can reduce land preparation operations to three or four passes to be ready for the next crop.
"One grower," May said, "has had a drip system on processing tomatoes for seven years, and yields last year were as good as they were at the beginning. There are drip fields for fresh market tomatoes that have been in use for 10 years."
Best drip soils
"Drip works best," Hanson said, "where you have soils that are marginal for the existing irrigation system. If you are on a good soil with furrow, you may not see as great an improvement as you will with marginal soils.
"The benefit with the better soils is a wider range of rotational crops, such as garlic and lettuce, while on the poorer soils it is usually a cotton and tomato rotation."
He also pointed out that the key to drip is combining it with a high-value crop. "Using drip irrigation on lower-valued crops may be unprofitable even if yields increase."
Although Hanson and May did their observations with drip lines buried at 8 to 9 inches, some growers have chosen to place lines 12 to 14 inches deep.
Hanson warned that one of the most common mistakes growers make when they convert to drip is failing to maintain it properly. "Flushing the lines regularly is important, and particularly here on the West Side, they need to make certain to chlorinate the lines because Westland Irrigation District water has a lot of algae and other organic material that does not get filtered out."
Growers, May said, as they become accustomed to the new method, need to re-think management of their fertilizers introduced through the system because it is very easy to over-irrigate and therefore over-fertilize.
Recommended irrigation amounts are about 100 percent of the potential crop ET for processing tomatoes. This is a compromise between reducing drainage and leaching of salts into the root zone. The crop should be irrigated two to three times per week.
May added, however, that in the face of rising costs, growers are refining methods for greater economy with their water. Meanwhile, he and Hanson are continuing research to develop more guidelines for irrigation with drip systems.
Water savings
According to Hanson, little water savings on a per acre basis on processing tomatoes is likely in a conversion from sprinkler to drip.
"The higher yields with drip irrigation suggest that percolation and evaporation losses under sprinkler irrigation become transpiration losses under subsurface drip irrigation.
"However, because of higher yields, the same total tons can be grown on fewer acres, saving water."
"Subsurface drip irrigation," Hanson continued, "also provided better water management late in the growing season, when careful management is needed to prevent excessive deficit irrigation and phytophthora due to overly wet soil."
Hanson and May prepared a list of other requirements for drip irrigation on West Side soils, beginning with the need for sufficient leaching to maintain acceptable levels of soil salinity around the drip lines, where root growth is heaviest.
If seasonal rainfall is not enough to leach salts down from the root zone, periodic leaching with sprinklers may be needed to carry salts downward from the drip lines during stand establishment.
In shallow groundwater situations, growers have to find the balance between applying enough water to supply the crop's needs and leaching, on one hand, and doing so without contributing excessive subsurface drainage, on the other.
Prevention of potential clogging of lines by root intrusion is also important and can be done with injection of chemicals appropriate according to local ordinances. "Clogging will not only reduce the applied water needed for crop evapotranspiration, but also reduce the leaching," Hanson said.


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Purchase Megadeth tickets now as the thrash metal heroes load up the tour bus and head out on the road. Founded by ex-Metallica guitarist/songwriter Dave Mustaine in the early eighties, Megadeth redefined the heavy metal genre with their unique brand of rioting rock. The success of albums like Peace Sells...but Who's Buying and Countdown to Extinction led to Megadeth concert tickets selling out around the world. Today, Mustaine and his bandmates continue to play in front of packed arenas and stadiums whenever they go on tour.
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text: Known for its relaxed, effortlessly cool accessories in luxurious, custom dyed leather, Linea Pelle is a Los Angeles-based label aimed at stylish women. A go-to for bags, clutches and classic belts, this contemporary brand also offers leather jewelry adorned with gold-plated embellishments. Beautifully crafted and made to last, Linea Pelle shoulder bags come in practical, timeless shapes with elegant details.


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San Diego city officials held their second hearing in two weeks Tuesday to pressure Fox Sports San Diego and Time Warner Cable to end a yearlong impasse that leaves 185,000 county households without Padres telecasts.
TV executives offered no hint that a deal was imminent.
Fox Sports San Diego's Henry Ford said he was unable to characterize the status of recently resumed negotiations with Time Warner Cable or report that any progress has been made, but he expects conversations to continue this week.
Time Warner Cable executive Deane Leavenworth echoed those remarks, saying, "We want to carry the Padres games ... and when they deliver a proposal that makes economic sense for our customers, all of our customers, including those who are not sports fans, we will carry Fox Sports, including the Padres games."
The San Diego region's dispute is just the latest in a string of such sports TV showdowns nationwide but it might become the longest if it extends into a second season.
Mere minutes before the 2003 baseball season began, Yankees fans rejoiced when a stalemate comparable in length but involving far more customers than the Padres fiasco was resolved between Cablevision and the YES Network. Those talks involved negotiators selected by then-New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg working to broker a deal in his townhouse (and later then-New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer) in the days before Opening Day on April 1.
A decade later, with five days before the 2013 baseball season starts (and with apologies to "Casey at the Bat" author Ernest Thayer), there's no joy in San Diego for fans like me who have complained about the situation for months. Our frustrations found a voice Tuesday in Councilwoman Sherri Lightner, who called it her "duty" to highlight this issue partly because city taxpayers have made "a real and tangible investment in the Padres and their ballpark."
"This is not about government meddling in a private matter between the two companies," Lightner began. "Trust me, I get it. A company needs to do what is best for its bottom line, and it is up to Time Warner and Fox Sports San Diego to reach a deal that makes economic sense for both of them."
"I have heard from far too many of my constituents who are unable to watch the Padres on television," she added. "Many of these constituents are elderly or disabled so it's often difficult for them to make it to a game and that actually robs them of a chance to engage in this great American pastime and support their hometown team."
At Lightner's request, the City Council voted 6-0 to urge the two sides to strike a deal that would get the Padres on the 129,000 (and dropping) Time Warner Cable households in the city. David Alvarez was absent and Mark Kersey recused himself because he once worked as a telecommunications consultant.
While noting the council resolution would "probably enter the circular file underneath some administrator or executive's desk," Councilman Scott Sherman explained what he thought would really get a deal done.
"Really the best thing to get you guys to come to conclusion is for the Padres to put up a winning team, and then suddenly we'll have a lot more people clamoring to see the Padres on television," he said.
In a largely symbolic resolution the council recognized "the importance of professional baseball in San Diego" and encouraged "Time Warner Cable and Fox Sports San Diego to negotiate an agreement by Opening Day" so that all five of the area's major TV providers would televise Padres games.
Speaker Robert McNamara, a San Diegan since 1984 and the the lone member of the public who spoke out at Tuesday's hearing, supported the resolution but quipped that the fan attendance at Tuesday's hearing was at the "minor league level."
The City Council hearing was the third in a string of public hearings over what the businesses say is a private dispute. A San Diego City Council committee met on March 14 and the Coronado City Council convened on March 19.


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Should Californians trade-in the death penalty for life without parole?
|Yes, the death penalty is an expensive sham.
|110 votes
|No, the death penalty's problems can be fixed.
|116 votes
|Yes, the death penalty is barbaric.
|104 votes
|Only if we want to be perceived as lily-livered.
|18 votes
|348 total votes
Independent Discussion Guidelines
The arguments in support of Pro. 34, the ballot measure to abolish the death penalty, are exaggerated at best and, in most cases, misleading and false. Proposition 34 is being funded primarily by a wealthy company out of Chicago and the ACLU. It includes provisions that would make our prisons less safe for both other prisoners and prison officials. It significantly increases the costs to taxpayers due to life-time medical costs, the increased security required to coerce former death-row inmates to work, the money to pay those inmates to work, etc. The amount "saved" in order to help fund law enforcement is negligible and only for three years. (The money is taken from the general fund irregardless of whether Prop 34 actually saves any money.) Prop. 34 also takes away funds inmates could use to actually fight for their innocence, increasing the risk that innocent people will spend the rest of their lives in jail. The dollars Prop. 34 takes away ensure both that innocent people are not executed or spend the rest of their lives in jail. Get the facts and supporting evidence at http://cadeathpenalty.webs.com and http://waiting4justice.org/.
CBernstien (anonymous profile)
September 13, 2012 at 12:27 p.m. (Suggest removal)
I am pro life (I'm also pro choice, but let's not go there) therefore I cannot support the death penalty. Any law that moves towards abolishing the death penalty is a good law in my mind.
Num1UofAn (anonymous profile)
September 15, 2012 at 9:28 a.m. (Suggest removal)
The death penalty is barbaric. Killing is immoral. This act will pass.
Georgy (anonymous profile)
September 16, 2012 at 11:34 a.m. (Suggest removal)
The problem with the Death Penalty is the days of doing the right thing are gone, replaced by mealy mouthed lawyers who use crime as a launching point for political careers and the corruption of law by the likes of the racists, for instance in the South. So lots of times innocent people are executed, that is the system. But most people assume that criminal sociopaths are human, they are not. Executing a sub species of human like these soul less sociopaths is not a bad thing, you would put a mad dog down in a second and that is the thing, these guys are not humans.
contactjohn (anonymous profile)
September 16, 2012 at 7:12 p.m. (Suggest removal)
I'm not against the death penalty in principle, but oppose it in practice.
The idea of innocent people being executed is my reason for opposing it.
billclausen (anonymous profile)
September 16, 2012 at 11:20 p.m. (Suggest removal)
I'm not comfortable with the idea of my government killing its citizens.
banjo (anonymous profile)
October 4, 2012 at 1:10 p.m. (Suggest removal)
I am Catherine Burke –
Mother of a Murdered Child – AND – Victim of Violent Crime!
I offer to each and every citizen, the true reason we should have the Death Penalty – PROTECTION!
"Indeed, the decision that capital punishment may be the appropriate sanction in extreme cases is an expression of the community's belief that certain crimes are themselves so grievous an affront to humanity that the only adequate response may be the penalty of death."
Protection is the only reason why we must vote NO on Proposition 34!
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:27 p.m. (Suggest removal)
In a Mass Murderous attack upon the Burke family while they lay sleeping, my 18-year-old daughter, Saskia Savana Burke, was brutally stabbed to death here in our home December 20, 2011... Her murderer, William Gary Simpson, has been arrested and charged with Saskia's murder, 2 counts attempted murder, several counts of special circumstances including lying in wait.
William Gary Simpson took our CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS of Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness when he CHOSE to commit mass murder. He took these rights from us, FOREVER when he murdered Saskia!
I would have never thought, I would find myself to be the mother of a murdered child, the victim of a heinous, violent crime. We were Once the Burke's – good, moral parents, who raised our children in a very loving home. Our murderer, coveted that love we had… Our murderer, was a friend of our son's - a friend to our family, for over 10 years... Ten years of birthday parties, Christmas vacations, summer sleepovers and pool parties. Ten years of classes with our son, fieldtrips, lunches and recess... Ten years, of paintball games and 4th of July fireworks, of hanging out and playing Rock Band in our living room... Our murderer was raised by his mother in a privileged home, attended the same good schools as our children, and he received good grades. I could have never thought he would plan and practice for almost 1 year, to come into our home with a duffle bag full of knives 4 days before Christmas (after hiding in an empty nearby home waiting for all our children to come home), to murder us all! He slashed and stabbed my daughter to death, when she went downstairs for a bottle of water at 4am...
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:30 p.m. (Suggest removal)
When a mass murderer, William Gary Simpson entered our home the early hours of Dec. 20… He went into our son Ian's room first - the only bedroom downstairs. He thought, from the rumpled covers, Ian was in bed sleeping. He stabbed into them, only to discover Ian was not there. So, he placed the knife on the bed, and threw the covers back over it.
That was when Saskia went downstairs at 4am for a bottle of water! "AAHHHH!" Our entire house awoke to her screams! "AAAAHHHHH!" As I ran from my bedroom and encountered my 13-year-old daughter on the upstairs landing, I ordered her to stay there – 'DON'T GO DOWNSTAIRS!' "Daddyeee! AAAAAHHHHHH!!!" I ran downstairs, as Saskia continued to scream in pain and terror, "Daddyeeeeee!" "AAAAAAHHHHHHHHhhhh!", to discover Saskia already dead on the floor. And Simpson, standing over her with that 15-inch knife, dripping with her blood. My husband and another child tackled Simpson. I took away the murder weapon. I was going to grab the phone, and call for help, but the phone was missing. I ran out front, and screamed for help! All I could think of was getting help for my daughter! I threw down the murder weapon, and saw a man across the street getting into his truck. I screamed for him to call the police, we need an ambulance, MY DAUGHTER HAD BEEN STABBED! SHE MAY BE DEAD - I NEED HELP! And I ran back inside -
I did not know, Simpson had brought more weapons. I came back in to discover he had stabbed my husband (many times in the back, puncturing his lung), and to my horror, was standing over this child who was begging for his life, (Gary, you don't have to do this! Please Gary!) and brought the knife down, severing the artery in his neck! I ran to stop him, but could not reach him in time... As he brought the blade down again severing the artery, and the blood shot out of his boy's neck, and covered everything! I grabbed the blade as he brought it up the third time, and my husband tackled Simpson. I realized too much in that moment... I realized my Saskia was dead! I realized this boy and my husband were both going to die, as both were bleeding out... I realized, I was going to die. My 13-year-old daughter stood on the steps, hearing and watching all of this!
I will NEVER FORGET LOOKING INTO WILLIAM GARY SIMPSON'S SMILING FACE, THE HORROR OF REALIZING WHO HE WAS!!!
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:31 p.m. (Suggest removal)
We raised our children in a warm, loving, family oriented home. I stayed home to raise my children. I spent every day of Saskia's entire life with her! We have always had many children choose to spend time at our house, with our family. They liked to enjoy the structure of a family unit, a place where "mom" was always present, always involved. A home where homework was finished after school each day. A home where dinner was cooked, and the family ate together, EVERY SINGLE NIGHT! Where family games were played together at the table, and stories were read before bed… These children thrived on being listened to and included in an unbiased and unprejudiced environment. And they have always felt loved and accepted, here in our home. In a world where it is hard to find all of these things, our home was 'sanctuary' for children. My strong belief that it takes a community to raise the kids, held each child to my own high moral standards. This too, helped each child to become a better person, which in turn made the environment for my children better too! Because you see – I once believed it was possible, to make the world a better place, one child at a time. And when I look back, at all the children I've made a difference to? I can think of nothing better a person could ever hope to do with her life! I have succeeded in making a positive difference in this world! And the personal reward I receive – is the overwhelming love and respect from everyone in my life!
December 20, 2011
William Gary Simpson came into our home that morning, with the intention of killing my husband and three children, myself, and the 7 other children who were to be staying with us over Christmas break. Why? Because - he could not stand for us to have so much love in our home! He could not tolerate my children, and all the other children, being loved so unconditionally, the way he wanted his parents to love him. HE COVETED WHAT WE HAD…
When the DA asked me "why" he did not kill his own family, but targeted ours – I answered with my insightful truth. In the heart of every child, they have 'hope' that one day their parents 'will' love them unconditionally. Their parents will finally 'see' and 'hear' them. If Simpson had killed his own parents, he would never get those things that he wants so much! So he chose, instead, to take it from all of us…
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:32 p.m. (Suggest removal)
Revenge and Justice are all we ever hear, from everyone! It is all that is discussed with regard to the Victim, when looking at the Death Penalty. But I have a different perspective, from within this inadequate justice system we currently bear…
For there is truly no Revenge great enough,
No Justice powerful enough,
To make ANY DIFFERNCE AT ALL…
I have only my unique perspective as a MOTHER. I look down the road, at the possible future all my children may one day have… To a day when they have families, and children of their own… If he does not receive the DEATH PENALTY? I do not want them to be forced to revisit Saskia's murder, forced ever again to see the face of William Gary Simpson, the monster who murdered her! Or worse, that somehow Gary is granted PAROLE, this wolf - in - sheep's - clothing? That again in their future, my children would live in mortal fear for their lives? That William Gary Simpson, if given his freedom, would exact his revenge upon my children and my grandchildren?
Relying on a dysfunctional system, forcibly held by it, and yet I can find no place for myself here! With limited options, which are beyond my control. AND YET THE FINAL DECISION? WILL DETERMINE THE FUTURE OF EVERYONE I LOVE. This alone, is a place that can make you loose your mind! A place of never ending terror!
And through it all, the sweet voice of my Saskia, that only I can hear now. Her words, of how SHE feels:
" I could never forgive someone for taking away my rights, my home, my friends and my life! If things like this happened to me I would be resentful, rather than forgiving. I just couldn't forgive the people who were so prejudiced that they made me lose my best friends, and school. Just the thought of losing them brings tears to my eyes. I couldn't forgive the people who took away my parents rights as citizens. I couldn't forgive the people who restricted my loved ones from doing the things they love. I couldn't forgive those who made me leave my home. I wouldn't be able to forgive them for MAKING ME SO SCARED OF THEM, I FROZE WITH FEAR EVERY TIME I HEARD A SOUND!"
Saskia's thoughts, written just weeks before her murder, for an essay on Anne Frank. "Thinking that Anne forgave them for all that, is unbelievably saintly. Even though Anne was just a regular girl like me, she was more remarkable than anyone I have ever heard of! I wouldn't be as forgiving and naïve. I would be resentful, for being so wronged!" I ran across this open page, sitting in her room amongst her unfinished homework. HER THOUGHTS, about an unspeakable horror and injustice. HER WORDS, that speak directly to William Gary Simpson, Saskia's "NAZI"!
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:33 p.m. (Suggest removal)
SASKIA'S PASSION – for her life, and her family and her friends! How Saskia has been so wronged! And knowing, her expectations of me, to never let her death be in vain! Knowing, that when I am finally free of this mess to go to her, she will know I did everything I could to take a stand, to affect change, to make a difference FOR HER in this world! She would expect nothing less from me. She would accept no other excuse from me for staying here, for forsaking her wishes for me to join her in death NOW!
I will spend every moment I continue to live hearing Saskia's screams! And feeling guilty, for not taking my leave of this life to be with her. I am forever torn between two plains of reality – life, and death! Because I KNOW THE ANSWER, to the question everyone asks… "What would Saskia want me to do now?" I had this conversation with her once. She said to me "momma, if I were to die, I would want you there with me! Don't wait a single second! Hurry, because I would need you to be there with me! I couldn't stand to be alone!" Every second spent living, is spent forsaking my Saskia! I do not simply wish for death, I physically ache for it with every breath!
So let Saskia's words speak loudly for us all! Because this, the most precious gift in life, is what William Gary Simpson has taken, and can never be returned to us: " I value my happiness. I value how happy and content I am with my life. I value the memories that have made my life as happy as it is. I value my friends and family who make me happy and share my happiness with me. I value all the things that make me happy, like fun and relationships, but what I value most is the fact that I am happy because there are so many people who are not that lucky. I value my happiness the most because the friends and items that you have may change, and circumstances may change, but the fact that
Having Saskia in our lives, and being a "complete" family was OUR MOST PRECIOUS GIFT, and truly made us happy! And inside this box Simpson has placed us in – of horror and terror, misery and pain, hopelessness and injustice, there simply "is" no happiness!
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:34 p.m. (Suggest removal)
Let her voice now scream loudly for -
And so, I now take a firm stance in this matter,
FOR THE DEATH PENALTY! PLEASE Vote NO on Proposition 34!
In this election year, the DEATH PENALTY will be on the ballot. Our CA Governor, Jerry Brown, opposes the Death Penalty. I need your help to make Saskia the face for all victims, and give Saskia's story, to the people of California – AND THIS NATION, as to why the Death Penalty is so important to the Victims of Violent Crime. Join me in putting political views, religious beliefs, and personal feelings aside – to finally change our laws! Throughout the history of our country, change only came after someone had reason enough to stand before us and lead the way! I stand before you now – and Saskia is my reason!
I know just how flawed our system is – as I am forced to live within it now! We now find ourselves lost in this "Justice System", a system that is fraught too many 'injustices' for victims and their families. Isn't it time, as a nation, we make the needed changes within this defunct system, to ensure the safety of everyone? If not for yourself, then for the safety of your children! Our current system is designed "FOR" the murderers, not the victims. Our murderer was caught, and faces the death penalty. A sentence he will never really receive, when it is given to him. Besides the fact that we witnessed him do this, there is overwhelming DNA evidence, and yet - it will be years before we can get to a trial, as he claims he is innocent of all charges... An agonizing process for all victims to endure, a process that keeps them frozen in the moment of murder until the trial is over! And when our murderer is sentenced? Our terror does not end, it never will!
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:36 p.m. (Suggest removal)
We made it through the prelim Friday, September 14, 2012...
As they put up all the bloody pictures, of the crime scene that is my home... As they put up the pictures of my daughters bloody, mutilated body and explained which stab wounds were the fatal ones...
"Murrieta police Detective Jeffrey Ullrich, who attended the autopsy of Saskia Burke, said the woman suffered seven stab wounds. Two of the wounds, one to the right side of her face that severed her jugular vein and another to the center of her chest, were not survivable, Ullrich said"
William Gary Simpson stabbed Saskia in her left cheek, the force of the knife breaking her 3 molars on her bottom left jaw, shoving the knife all the way through her face, the blade going out her right cheek... AFTER PULLING THE KNIFE OUT, he stabbed her again, the force of the knife going into her right cheek, at a downward angle, slicing through her tongue, cutting through the muscle and tendons in her jaw and severing her artery, all 12+ inches of the blade going in all the way to her heart... After PULLING THE KNIFE OUT AGAIN, he then stabbed her in the chest - severing both her lungs and the ventricle to her heart...
She lived long enough for us to helplessly watch her die!
"(William Gary Simpson) went into the home to kill those people," Smith said. "Paul Burke and Connor McCormack are not dead because they had the strength to fight back."
Saskia Burke did not have a chance, Smith said.
"(Simpson) slaughters her," Smith said. "He stabbed her in the face, in the heart, in the back."
I live in a horror, too absolute to breathe...
His intent, to slaughter my entire family - and the heinous way in which he slaughtered my daughter, well - during a break in court, even his defense lawyers approached us and apologized for what happened to Saskia…
"The Riverside County district attorney decided in April to seek the death penalty for William Gary Simpson, who also is charged with two counts of attempted murder in connection with the stabbings of Burke's father, Paul, and her boyfriend, Connor McCormack, then 17. Simpson also faces several special allegations including lying in wait and committing his crimes during a burglary.
The charges against William Gary Simpson Jr., 19, the alleged killer of Saskia Burke, were upheld by Riverside County Superior Court Judge Kelly Hansen following a day-long preliminary hearing.
Simpson is charged with first-degree murder and a special circumstance allegation of killing in the course of a burglary in the Dec. 20, 2011 fatal attack at the Burke home, in Murrieta.
He is also charged with a special circumstance allegation of lying in wait, as well as two counts of attempted murder and multiple great bodily injury and weapons allegations."
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:37 p.m. (Suggest removal)
Please let me introduce you to Saskia Savana Burke!
11-6-93 to 12-20-11 Saskia was academically brilliant, scoring the perfect 600 on the state testing twice, yet humbled by how easy this was for her, and how difficult school was for others! Saskia went out into the world, with love and a special insight for all things, and continued her mothers work to change the world in positive ways! Saskia added her own special touch to the details of everyone's life, every person she ever encountered. She was open and caring and giving to everyone, always! She was truly the most angelic creature any of us will ever encounter here in this life. How many people can you say are truly genuine? Saskia was. And she infected each one of us with her passion for life, her kind and loving nature, her 'real' and 'true' happiness, the simple sound of her oh-so-contagious laughter!
Saskia was only 18 years-1 month-14 days-28 minutes old, in the middle of her Senior Year of High School!
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:39 p.m. (Suggest removal)
I raised Saskia to believe – ONE PERSON CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE! Let that person be Saskia! Start, by voting
NO on Proposition 34 !
In this election year what becomes MOST important is fixing our broken Justice System to actually uphold the VERDICT. Life in Prison WITHOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF PAROLE should always and forever remain just that. And the Death Penalty should be conducted as swiftly as the
For you see, I am left to live a life now, which is truly TOO INHUMANE to be forced to live. And I hope you can all open your eyes, to see what it is to be a VICTIM, and extend to VICTIMS such as us,
the same understanding, compassion, and HUMANITY
that is all too often offered more to the MURDERERS!
Vote NO on Proposition 34 - If you can't do it for yourself, do it for your children...
My 14 year old daughter, Kessa, is waiting... To stand behind the glass, and watch as they execute William Gary Simpson. She can't feel SAFE, until he is DEAD. She speaks of this, every single day! Because she has nightmares of what Simpson did, every single night. It is her way of dealing with the trauma of witnessing Simpson murder her sister! It is this hope to see him die, that keeps her going forward, for now...
And for ME? I saw everything that demon, William Gary Simpson, did on December 20, 2011…
I now know it is true – that MONSTERS DO EXIST!
And I am living proof, THAT NO ONE IS SAFE!
CatBurke (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 3:43 p.m. (Suggest removal)
"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind."
- Gandhi
Ken_Volok (anonymous profile)
October 7, 2012 at 4:35 p.m. (Suggest removal)


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Renzo Gracie: Gunnar Nelson a Future Champ
London a major platform for 'ice-cool' Gunnar Nelson who is rated 'future 170lb champion' by Renzo Gracie.
By Gareth A. Davies
By Gareth A. Davies
Out of Iceland comes Gunnar Nelson: unusual, into the mystic arts, swimming in freezing lakes and studying Eastern fighting philosophy, but having been "discovered" by accident by Renzo Gracie, the MMA coach and Brazilian jiu-jitsu legend has insisted Nelson has 'genius' within him and will become UFC welterweight champion.
Full Article.
Watch Past Fights
Sunday, November 18
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