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Stampede Select Chad Duchense In USHL Draft
SIOUX FALLS, SD -- With their first pick in the USHL Entry Draft -- the 14th overall -- the Sioux Falls Stampede selected defenseman Chad Duchense from Inverary, Ontario.
The 5-foot-11, 175-pound defender spent this past season playing with the Kingston Voyageurs of the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL). He was second leading defenseman on the team with 24 points (7g, 17a) in 51 games while leading the Voyageurs to the playoffs. He has already committed to play Division I hockey at Northeastern.
With their second pick (29th overall), Sioux Falls selected forward Michael Buonincontri of Montreal, Quebec. The 6-foot-1, 200-pound left winger spent this past season playing with Smiths Falls of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). In 27 games, Buonincontri recorded 36 points (18g, 18a) in 27 games. He posted six power play goals and is already committed to play for former Stampede head coach Bob Motzko at St. Cloud State University.
Sioux Falls did not have a selection in the third round. In the fourth round (59th overall) the Herd selected goaltender Shane Starrett from Bellingham, MA. The 6-foot, 180-pound netminder went 25-15-5 with Selects Academy this past season, posting a 1.96 GAA and a .914 save percentage.
In the fifth round (74th overall), the Herd selected defenseman Dan Fritz from Harwood, MD. The 6-foot-1, 188-pound, left-handed shot skated with Canterbury High School in Connecticut where he tallied 26 points (3g, 23a) in 27 games. He was one of just two defensemen to be selected as a Western New England Hockey All-Star.
In the sixth round, (80th overall), the Herd chose forward Keith Burchett from the Chicago Mission Major Midget team. The Hinsdale, IL native recorded 39 points (17g, 22a) in 31 games with the Mission during the 2012-13 season. The 6-foot, 190-pound winger tallied four goals on the power play and helped lead the Mission to a first place finish.
With their seventh round selection (104th overall), the Herd took defenseman Paul Stoykewych of Winnipeg, Manitoba. He skated this past season with the Winnipeg South Blues, recording 28 points (4g, 24a) in 52 games. The 6-foot-2, 198-pound left-handed shot recorded 72 penalty minutes in those 52 games. He played with Canada Jr. A West in the World Junior A Challenge in November, posting two assists in four games while helping lead his team to a Silver Medal. His older brother, Peter, skated with the Des Moines Buccaneers in 2010-11 before moving on to Colorado College and is a 2010 draft pick of the Winnipeg Jets.
In round eight (119th overall), Sioux Falls selected center Bryan Sienerth. The Erie, PA native finished second on the team in scoring with the Pittsburgh Penguins Elite team in the Tier I Elite Hockey League. In 35 games the 5-foot-10, 165-pound forward posted 41 points (20g, 21a). He tallied eight game winning goals and eight on the power play while leading the Penguins to a second place finish in the Mid-Am Division.
With the their ninth selection (134th overall), the Stampede went with a familiar hockey name in Louis Nanne. He is the grandson of former Minnesota North Star Lou Nanne. Louis recorded 41 points (19g, 22a) in 45 games with the Penticton last year. In 2011-12, he tallied 20 points (12g, 8a) in 24 games with Edina High School. The 5-foot-10, 165-pound left winger was a seventh round draft pick of the Minnesota Wild last June and has already committed to play college hockey at the University of Minnesota.
With their 10th pick in the draft, Sioux Falls took forward Parker Tuomie of Germany. The 5-foot-10, 170-pound left winger skated on Germany's U18 World Junior Championship team and for Jungadler Mannheim U18 as well, recording 72 points (26g, 46a) in 36 games.
In the 11th round, the Herd took another German native, this time defenseman Janik Moser. The 6-foot, 181-pound left handed shot spent this past season playing for EHC Neuwied where he tallied five points (1g, 4a) in 20 games. He is considered to be one of the top prospects coming out of Germany.
Sioux Falls stayed on the defensive side of things in Round 12 (179th overall), taking Alexandre Coulombe Granby, Quebec. The left defenseman has good size at 6-foot-4, 189-pounds and recorded three points (1g, 2a) in 13 games with Stanstead High School.
In the 13th round (194th overall), the Herd took forward Connor O'Connor of Calgary, Alberta. The 5-foot-11, 165-pound winger recorded 23 points (7g, 16a) in 34 games for the Calgary Royals Midget AAA team. He helped lead the Royals into the playoffs where he posted four points (1g, 3a) in five games.
With their 14th pick (209th overall), Sioux Falls grabbed goaltender Aaron Johnson from the Bismarck Bobcats (NAHL). The 5-foot-9, 165-pound Bismarck native went 24-7-6 with a 1.88 GAA and a .931 save percentage for the Bobcats while leading them to a second place finish in the Central Division and into the Robertson Cup Finals that begin this weekend.
In round 15 (224th overall), Sioux Falls selected forward Jake O'Borsky of Red Wing, MN. He has good size at 6-foot-2, 198-pounds and posted 40 points (13g, 27a) in 50 games with the Minot Minotauros (NAHL).
In the 16th round (239th overall), the Herd chose defenseman Adam Roeder from Ballwin, MO. He spent this past season skating with the St. Louis Blues Minor Midget where he collected 42 points (12g, 30a) in 40 games. A 1996 birth date, Roeder stands at 5-foot-11, 165-pounds.
In round 17, Sioux Falls went with defenseman Gordi Myer from the Cleveland Barons Major Midget team. He recorded 24 points (8g, 16a) in 36 games this season with the Barons.
Courtesy: Sioux Falls Stampede


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Presented by
Games of Oct. 5-6, 2012
QB Bryce Corrigan, So., UW-Platteville
Corrigan had a great day in just his second collegiate start to lead the No. 14 Pioneers to a 40-10 win over UW-La Crosse. On the day, he completed 86% (37 of 43) of his passes for 412 yards passing. With 412 yards passing, he became just the fourth quarterback in school history, second on the season to throw for over 400 yards in a game. Corrigan completed his first 15 passes en route to 37 completions on the day.
OL LT Tucker Johnson, LG Garrett Porter, C
Ben Strehlow, RG Rob Bikowski, RT Brandon Peter,
UW-Oshkosh rushed for 442 yards in its 50-13 victory over UW-Eau Claire. The Titans set program records with 35 first downs and 69 rushing attempts. The Titans ran for six touchdowns while averaging 6.4 yards per carry. The line did not allow a sack in 24 passing attempts. Four Titans rushed for at least 72 yards, led by 104 yards on 19 carries by quarterback Nate Wara. The offensive line helped UW-Oshkosh convert 12 of 16 third downs.
RB Darius Kinney, Sr.,
Kinney rushed for 200 yards on just 21 carries to help Kean improve to 3-0 in conference with a 58-7 win against Western Connecticut. He averaged 9.5 yards per carry while producing touchdown runs of 5 and 87 yards apiece. He also notched a 32-yard touchdown reception in a contest in which he eclipsed the 800-yard rushing mark for the season.
RB Dominique Carson, Sr., Sul Ross
Carson set a school record, scoring five touchdowns in a game. He accounted for 368 of the Lobos' 797 offensive yards. Carson had 214 yards rushing on 27 carries and scored four touchdowns and also had five receptions for 154 yards and one touchdown.
WR Brandon Boyle, Jr., Castleton
Boyle caught 15 passes for a school-record 274 yards and three touchdowns in a 35-27 win against Norwich. The 274 is the highest single-game total in Division III this year.
WR Cody Weber, Sr.,
Weber had 15 catches for 165 yards and two touchdowns in a 21-7 win against Monmouth.
TE Billy Chapman, Sr.,
Chapman had 110 receiving yards on a career-high 12 catches with a pair of TDs defeating Amherst 24-3. The win ends a 10-game Amherst winning streak as Middlebury improves to 3-0 for the first time since 2007.
DE Stephen Fejedelem, Sr., Heidelberg
Fejedelem had eight tackles, all of them solo, in Heidelberg's 45-10 win against Capital. He had four tackles for loss and two sacks.
DT Wade Hansen, So., RPI
Hansen made eight tackles, five solo, in RPI's 46-27 win over St. Lawrence on Saturday, including a team-high five solo stops. Four of his wrap-ups went for a total of 37 lost yardage. He also had a game-high three sacks.
DT Mike Raplee, Sr.,
In a 31-7 Alfred win, Raplee had 4.5 sacks against an Ithaca team that came into the game allowing less than one per game. He also had five and a half tackles for loss and a forced fumble.
DE Charlie Kolisek, Jr.,
Kolisek played on the both sides of the ball in Wabash's 27-24 win at Wittenberg. He intercepted the first pass of the game and recorded the final sack on the Tigers' last offensive drive. He also caught his first career pass -- a 4-yard reception -- to score the Little Giant's first TD of the game. Kolisek also caught an 8-yard pass on third down to extend Wabash's final game-ending drive.
LB Steven Gamble, So.,
Gamble took down St. John Fisher quarterback Tyler Fenti on the Cardinals 3-yard line, forced a fumble and recovered it to set up the go-ahead touchdown as the Sea Gulls completed a 28-17 comeback win against the Cardinals. Gamble also posted a career-high 14 tackles (nine solo). Gamble recorded career-high marks for tackles for loss (2.5) and sacks (1.5).
LB Jajuan Johnson, Sr.,
Johnson had 13 total tackles, nine solo, in a 20-7 loss to Guilford. He had four and a half tackles for loss and three sacks.
LB Matt Begley, Jr., Worcester
Begley registered a career-best 18 tackles (16 solo) while also finishing with a sack and a pair of caused turnovers in a 28-20 triumph over Mass Maritime. His third-quarter red zone interception helped set the table for what would prove to be the game-winning score.
LB Dominic Graham, Jr., Louisiana
Graham led a defense that held ETBU to just 67 rushing yards and 237 total yards. He finished the game with 12 total tackles, two tackles for loss, a sack, and a pass breakup. Graham had never played linebacker before the 2012 season, as he made the switch from wide receiver in the spring.
CB Jafar Johnson, Sr.,
Johnson had two interceptions with three tackles in Union's 21-6 win at WPI. His first quarter interception at the Union 2 ended a threat with was returned for 33 yards. His fourth quarter pick came at the Union 5 and he returned it 25 yards.
S Blaek Combs, Jr., Trine
Combs had a career-high 17 tackles, eight solo, as the Thunder knocked off defending conference champion Albion. Combs had a tackle for loss and an interception to end the game as Albion was attempting to drive for the win.
S Jared Morris, Sr.,
Morris had a team-high seven tackles, six solo, and two tackles for loss Wesley's 26-17 win against Birmingham-Southern. He also intercepted his fifth pass of the year.
CB Paul Hoffer, Sr.,
Hoffer had four tackles and two pass breakups, none bigger than his 99-yard interception return for a touchdown that provided the deciding points as Carleton defeated Macalester 21-20. With the win, the Knights retained possession of the "Book of Knowledge" trophy for the 10th consecutive season.
Special teams
K Allen Cain, Sr., Texas Lutheran
Cain connected on a 59-yard field goal (and had a 39-yard kick blocked) in a 49-31 loss to Mary Hardin-Baylor. All six of his kickoffs were touchbacks.
P Stephen Amic, So.,
Amic averaged 40.9 yards per kick and placed five of his seven punts inside the Geneva 20-yard line in the Bison's 42-36 overtime win Saturday. His longest punt went 62 yards and was downed on the Geneva 1 on the first drive of the second half. He also hit a 38-yard kick to the Geneva 1 on the first drive of the fourth quarter. Other punts pinned Geneva at their own 6 twice and another that was taken at the 11.
RET Anthony Terry, So.,
Terry returned a punt 75 yards for a touchdown in the fourth quarter to give Averett a 14-7 win at LaGrange.

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RVs for Sale near Altoona, IA
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Looking to buy a rv? RVParkStore.com has 13 rvs near Altoona. Click here to list your RV for sale.
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2005 Expedition 38N
2005 Fleetwood Expedition 38N, Class A, Fleetwod Expedition 2005 38N 2005 in excellent condition. Stored in climate controlled cemet floor b...
5.7 miles
2014 Edge 4502TS
2014 Haulmark Edge 4502TS, Year:2014Make:HaulmarkModel:EdgeTrim:4502TS-45 FREIGHTLINER MOTOR COACHMileage:4,746Stock #:H54111VIN #:111111111...
8.2 miles
2010 Columbia 120 Renegade
2010 Freightliner Columbia 120 Renegade, Take a look at this gorgeous 2010 Renegade Motor Home with only 32k miles! This coach is absolutely...
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2014 Georgetown XL377TS
2 AC, 2 furnaces, 2 heat strips in the AC's, fireplace, 40" Toshiba T.V, 32'' Toshiba in bedroom, outside entertainment center with 32" Tosh...
13.6 miles
2007 Starlite
2007 Mckenzie Starlite , Starlite 8308S 2007 Travel Trailer. Very good condition with 20 W solar panel on roof. Nearly new queen mattress wi...
24.6 miles
Great Floor Plan!Features a new awning and 1 30 amp a/c unit.One slide and two entry doors!Sleeps 4 to 6Check it out today!!
38.0 miles
Great Family unit..must see before winter!! one slide, sleeps 5 to 7 , 1 A/
38.0 miles
This unit is in great condition!! Ready to camp in now! Gas Vortec Workhorse Engine. Call Brenna at 515-432-6636 or email !
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Asking below book value!! Must see before the snow flies!! The time to buy is now!! 515-432-6336
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2016 Solei 36G
*FREE DELIVERY in the lower 48 States!!!This all new 2016 coach is packed with comfort including a king bed, fireplace and recliner. It also...
38.0 miles
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There aren't many places that manage to remain unchanged for decades, but the Mill Top Tavern in St. Augustine still evokes the days when Florida troubadour Gamble Rogers roamed St. George Street almost 30 years ago.
In April, the Gamble Rogers Folk Festival celebrates the legacy of the iconic storyteller, who died in 1991 at age 54 when he drowned trying to rescue a tourist in choppy waters at the Flagler Beach State Recreation Area near his St. Augustine home. While people remember how Rogers died, the enduring memories revolve around his music and the hilarious tales of Airstream trailers, three-legged dawgs — the "o" being reserved for more urban creatures — and other characters in imaginary Oklawaha County.
Slated to unfold April 29-May 1, the festival that bears his name has evolved to showcase more of the old city that he called home. A lineup that includes singer-songwriter and virtuosic guitarist Richard Thompson will perform on an outdoor stage in a bayfront space between the Bridge of Lions and the St. Augustine Marina. There also will be indoor concerts at the 700-seat Flagler Auditorium and additional showcases at some of the clubs where Rogers once performed, including the Trade Winds and the cozy Mill Top Tavern.
The complete lineup is still being finalized, but acts already confirmed include bluegrass and folk by the Grascals, Kim & Reggie Harris, John McCutcheon, Larkin Poe, Tim Grimm, & Ashleigh Flynn and blues from Florida favorite Bill "The Sauce Boss" Wharton. The latter will be cooking up songs and gumbo for the audience on April 30 on that outdoor stage by Bridge of Lions.
Advance 3-day tickets are $59.50, with one-day tickets available for $29.50 for April 29 and evening music on April 30; and $19.50 for daytime performances on April 30 and May 1.
Visit the festival website at gamblerogersfest.org for details.
And try to catch a set by St, Augustine singer-guitarist Don Oja-Dunaway, who quietly holds court most afternoons at the Mill Top. Rogers recorded Oja-Dunaway's Civil War ballad "Kennesaw Line" and the two performers shared stages as long ago as 1967 in the folk heydays in Coconut Grove in South Florida.


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Ema H. - Woodstock, ON Canada - 2013
Twice the Fun
One of our young members wished to submit her own story, in her own words. We are proud to introduce Ema.
FIRST by Ema H. (8 years old)
"FIRST is a foundation that people with ichthyosis use. FIRST stands for "Foundation for Ichthyosis & Related Skin Types." I was born with ichthyosis. I have been working hard on my skin so it won't dry up or heat up, from that day on. My skin does not function properly like some other people's do. The type of ichthyosis I have is CIE. CIE stands for congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Every two years there is an ichthyosis conference somewhere. Like last year my mom and I went to Denver. Every two years I get super excited because trips are so fun and I love to explore with my family. FIRST helps people, like doctors, know what a baby had if a baby has ichthyosis." ~ Ema
As the Communications Director of FIRST, I recently had the pleasure of speaking with this sweet young girl, regarding all of her favorite activities. As we spoke on the phone, for just a few short moments, there was one message I received loud and clear - ichthyosis has certainly not hindered Ema's zest for life. In fact, when she is not songwriting and singing, you may just find her choreographing dance routines with a few close friends (hip hop especially!). She rides her bike whenever she can and she loves to read. She is now even learning to choose her own healthy recipes and helps mom prepare them in the kitchen.
By all accounts, Ema knows joy.
But here is the part of the story where I found out something else - Ema also shares joy. As a part of Ema's skin care routine she is required to take two baths every day, but that fact simply does not faze her in the least. "Two baths are twice the fun!" she said.
I took a moment to imagine a world where we all shared Ema's attitude. Would it be more peaceful? More tolerant? Would it in fact be…twice the fun?
As I hung up with Ema, it occurred to me that sometimes, some people are simply born with a spirit that cannot be broken, and, that I had just had the pleasure of speaking with one of them.
Ema's story was featured during ichthyosis awareness month 2013. To read all of the stories featured during Ichthyosis Awareness Month 2013, click here.


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Car News
General Motors Awards $4.5 Million in Scholarships
Buick, along with the General Motors Foundation, has selected 1,100 recipients for its 2011 Buick Achievers Scholarship Program. 1000 scholarships worth $2000 each were awarded to students across America, while an additional 100 students received scholarships worth $25,000. The scholarships are renewable for up to 4 years while the students pursue a bachelor's degree at universities and colleges throughout the United States. The total prize funding could reach over $18 million in the next 4 years.
Buick hopes the scholarships will be able to transform the recipient's lives. The students were chosen based on their major, financial need, and excellence in the classroom and community. Because tuition rates and fees have increased an average of 7.9% in public colleges and universities, many potential students are unable to afford a costly bachelor's degree. Over half of the recipients will be the first in their families to attend a 4-year university, with a high number coming from military families.
General Motors hopes the scholarships will not only be an investment in the students, but in their own company as well. The scholarships are available to students pursuing degrees in engineering, as well as finance, math, and graphic design. The students chosen for the awards all indicated an interest in a major that would be beneficial to the automotive and manufacturing industries. By reinvesting in the community, Buick and the General Motors Foundation hope to create a future workforce that is highly educated, providing a mutual benefit to the students and car companies alike.
"One of the aims of the Buick Achievers Scholarship program is to strongly encourage today's brightest young minds to pursue fields of study that will prepare them for careers in manufacturing industries," said Bob Ferguson, GM Foundation chairman and GM vice president, Global Public Policy. "By doing so, we will help improve our nation's global competitiveness in fields that are driving economic growth in the 21st century."
This philanthropic gesture is another part of General Motors' attempt to rebrand itself as a responsible American company. Following GM's bailout loan in 2009, the corporation reorganized and discontinued several brands including Hummer and Saturn. Today, GM's new model sales have increased dramatically; the company has repaid much of its federal loan, and has created hundreds of jobs by investing hundreds of millions of dollars in new manufacturing plants in Detroit and Kansas. The scholarship program is the latest attempt by GM to reorganize a brand that is capable of competing against international European and Asian manufacturers, as well as domestic manufacturers.
Those interested in participating in the 2012 Buick Achievers Scholarship Program must submit an application by Spring 2012. Students can register for scholarship news and notifications at www.buickachievers.com.


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Secondary Teaching Assistant - Calderdale, Halifax
Contract type: Part Time / Full Time
Contract term: Supply
Secondary Teaching Assistant
Full and Part-Time Contracts
Vision for Education (part of TES) are a well-respected education specialist supply agency. Our Huddersfield branch covers Kirklees, Calderdale, Bradford and Wakefield.
We are currently recruiting for Secondary Teaching Assistants who can work at a variety of schools on day-to-day, short-term and long-term assignments in the Calderdale area.
We would be interested to hear from committed, passionate and dynamic individuals who want to help ensure that all pupils reach their potential in school. Working alongside the class teacher providing general classroom support or working 1 to 1 with individual children requiring additional support.
It is essential that you have relevant experience working in a support role in a school setting. Previous experience working with Special Educational Needs children, although not essential, will be an advantage.
At Vision for Education we take our responsibilities to you seriously and our aim is to ensure you are well supported and rewarded for your efforts. As part of our supply team you will benefit from:
- Excellent daily rates paid weekly through PAYE
- £50 reward every time you recommend a colleague
- Support throughout your placements
- Access to a dedicated Secondary consultant 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
- Access to free CPD such as Team Teach, Autism Awareness and Moving and Handling qualifications
- Full compliance with AWR (Agency Worker Regulations) to make sure you get paid what you deserve
- Regular social events with 100% complimentary food and drink
Apply today or for more information on this and other teaching assistant opportunities across Vision for Education contact the Secondary Education team at the Huddersfield branch.
Contact Vision for Education Ltd
Thanks for your interest in this role.
Simply fill in the form below to ask any questions, request a call, or schedule a school visit.
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UMN Team Wins Ingersoll Rand North American Case Competition
Four University of Minnesota students took first place at Ingersoll Rand's 2014 North American Case Competition, "The Internet of Things" on April 16 at the company's headquarters in Davidson, N.C. The students' winning idea involved integrating smartphone technology into Ingersoll Rand's Club Car golf carts to improve safety. The judges, which included VP of Global Engineering Leandre Adifon, were so impressed by the proposal, they invited the team to share their idea with Club Car Division leadership in the coming months.
"Ingersoll Rand leadership treated us as equals, and were very personal in their interactions with us," says Carlson School junior and team member Justin Schlitz. "The case itself was highly challenging and forced us to quickly expand our intellectual boundaries and general comfort zones."
The competition tasked student teams from 12 business schools to apply sensor and communication technologies to enhance the value of an existing Ingersoll Rand product or service. The competing teams first presented their case using a 15-minute video submission and accompanying written summary. Judges then selected two finalist teams from Michigan State University and the University of Minnesota, and paired them with peer mentors from Ingersoll Rand to prepare for the final round of competition. The winner was chosen based on the project's innovation, implementation, solution feasibility, and depth of analysis.
"It was great to propose a creative solution to a real-world challenge facing one of our major corporate partners," says Carlson School junior and team member J.P. Woog.
The U of M team was comprised of Marketing and Management Information Systems junior Justin Schlitz, Supply Chain and Operations Management and Mandarin junior J.P. Woog, Finance sophomore Alex Cherucheril, and Mechanical Engineering sophomore Mike Swenson. Each team member won a $1,000 scholarship for taking first place.


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Who should play Johnny in NBC's Carson miniseries?
You've heard the news: NBC is developing a miniseries about the life of Johnny Carson, adapted from Bill Zehme's upcoming biography, "Carson the Magnificent: An Intimate Portrait." The start of production is a long way off, but it's not too soon to think about who should star.
The famously private host of the "Tonight Show" is so well known as an on-camera icon, it may be difficult to cast the title role.
Perhaps, since the story is to cover 30 years (1962-92), the part should be divided among two actors to play young and old Carson? Maybe it should go to an unknown? Someone with an impish grin and a Nebraska accent?
I'm thinking Greg Kinnear, who has the demeanor. Michael Sheen who, though British, can inhabit any character. Jason Bateman, who has the comedy chops. And John Slattery, who might be perfect as the more senior Carson.
Any ideas?


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Lake County is in California's famous North Coast wine region. Lake County is an unusual and distinctive wine-growing region.
Most of Lake County's vineyards thrive in the old volcanic soils of the Clear Lake basin, 1,350 feet above sea level in the northern Mayacamas Mountains. This area can become quite warm during the summer grape-growing season, but the daytime heat is moderated by Pacific breezes and the thermal mass of Clear Lake.
Spring comes later in Lake County than in Napa or Sonoma. The growing season is relatively short, but premium varietal wine grapes reach their full physiological and flavor maturity. This short growing season yields varietal flavors that are exuberant, fresh, and zesty. The flavor characteristics of the grapes encourage winemaking that takes advantage of such youthful appeal.
© 2009 WINES.COM All rights reserved.
Database used with permission of Vintage Wine Lover's Software.


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One of my best clients introduced me to a book last year by Brian Tracy called Eat That Frog. It has some great ideas to stop procrastinating and get more done in less time. And, now it's out in its second edition.
I was just reviewing his chapter on "Motivate Yourself Into Action"and thought I would share a passage.
"It turns out that optimists have four spcial behaviors, all learned through practice and repetition.


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A special luncheon for Mount faculty
Dr. Vost explains how St. Thomas Aquinas's writings on faith and
reason helped him return to Christ and the Church after 25 years of
atheism, inspired his master's level and doctoral work in cognitive
and neuropsychology, and have provided the foundation for his books
on memory improvement, spiritual and physical fitness, biographies
of saints, apologetics, and the development of virtue and avoidance
of sin.
RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com
Kevin Vost, PsyD, completed his doctorate in clinical psychology
at the Adler School of Professional Psychology with dissertation
research on Executive Functioning in Early Alzheimer's
Disease at the Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine. He has taught psychology and gerontology at Aquinas
College in Nashville, the University of Illinois at Springfield,
MacMurray College, and Lincoln Land Community College. He has
served as a Research Review Committee Member for American Mensa.
Kevin does public speaking, radio, and television spots on the
subject matter of his books Memorize the Faith!, Fit for
Eternal Life, Unearthing Your Ten Talents, From Atheism to
Catholicism, St. Albert the Great, Tending the Temple, Three Irish
Saints, Memorize the Reasons!, and The One-Minute
Aquinas. He resides in Springfield, IL with his wife and two


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Campus Activities is going viral with its YouTube Comedy Series every Tuesday, throughout the month of April, from 6 to 8 p.m. in the Student Union and Recreation Center (SURC) Pit. Admission is free and open to the public.
Attendees should prepare themselves to laugh, because each night will feature a different theme with two hours of the funniest YouTube videos. Themes are: April 2 music, April 9 sports, April 16 politics and celebrities, April 23 animals and April 30 pranks.
Campus Activities is also encouraging everyone to scour the depths of YouTube for funny videos they would like to share. Attendees can submit suggestions for videos at the event or on the Campus Activities Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/pages/CWU-Campus-Activities/192177852201).
For more information call 509-963-1450.


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Texans add FB Jones
Houston, TX – The Houston Texans signed fullback Greg Jones on Wednesday.
Jones spent the past nine years with the Jaguars, amassing 911 yards and 10 touchdowns on 270 carries during his time in Jacksonville. In addition, the Florida State product caught 68 passes for 437 yards and three scores.
The 31-year-old blocked for Jaguars running back Maurice Jones-Drew in recent years. Overall, Jones helped Jacksonville running backs eclipse the 1,000-yard mark in a season five times.


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Several attendees at tonight's forum on the state's new concealed carry law say the event was informative and not anti-gun as they were led to believe through messages posted on social media.
Stephanie Butler of Poplar Grove, a member of the Well Armed Woman, said she other members of her group came to the panel discussion ready to defend their rights to bear arms based on what they read earlier today.
"It was advertised that it was going to be anti-gun or against concealed carry," Butler said.
The Illinois State Rifle Association posted on its Facebook page this morning that "gun grabbers" were holding a forum on concealed carry in Rockford and that supporters of concealed carry needed to be there "to save your guns." The post, which was shared with various gun owners and enthusiasts in the area, encouraged members to attend the meeting and "vigorously defend your gun rights."
This came as a big surprise to the event's organizers -- the League of Women Voters of Greater Rockford and the YWCA of Rockford -- who said that was not the intent of forum.
"This is an educational forum so people can come out and learn about the new law that's coming into effect," said League President Ann Dempsey. "The mission of the league is not pro or con."
I made sure to ask several people as they were leaving the event if they heard anything tonight that caused them concern. They all said the forum was not what they expected based on the rifle association's Facebook post.
"I was pleasantly surprised," Butler said. "It was very informative."
There were about 100 people at the forum and a lot of them were men. That's kind of unusual for a League of Women Voters and YWCA event. Nearly everyone stayed for the entire hour and a half long discussion.
The panelists reviewed the new law, spoke about the legal ramifications and discussed the impact they think it will have on crime and local businesses.
Bob Janzen of Rockford shared in Butler's surprise regarding the forum's tone.
"I thought this was going to be a lot more of an anti-concealed carry meeting," he said. "I was shocked to find out it was just a generally informative meeting. ... I've been to a bunch of these already, but this was a good one. It would have been a good one for someone who had never been to one before."


text:
|You are replying to: Holland Tradition
Topic Title: Holland Tradition
Created on December 8, 2012 at 07:40 PM
Andy Bloom
I just picked up a Holand Legacy (Stainless). If anyone is interested in my trusty Holland Tradition. It's in pretty nice shape with only a little rust starting on the grill grate lip. I'm located near Cleveland Ohio. Shoot me an e-mail if interested. firstname.lastname@example.com
Best Regards,
Andy Bloom


text:
Katherine Statsenko had a busy summer.
When the Fine Arts major wasn't interning at Mara Hoffman in NYC, she was traveling to Utah's Bryce Canyon and Zion National Parks to research nature for her senior thesis.
Statsenko was the lucky recipient of both the 2014 Penny Fox Internship Fellowship and the Harriet Sartain Travel Fellowship, both competitive fellowships that were completed at the same time.
"I thought it would be hard to do both but I planned ahead," Statsenko said. "I was able to fit everything in. It was intense because I didn't have a day off all summer, but it was worth it."
Statsenko was a design/production intern at Mara Hoffman, a fashion/textiles brand that focuses on print design, bright colors and patterns. A Textile Design and Business minor, Statsenko felt it was a great fit for her skill set. She worked closely with the design, PR and production team, worked on patterns digitally in Photoshop and Illustrator, picked up and dropped off samples to factories, assisted the stylist on photo shoots and more.
"I minored in Textile Design to learn as much as I can and apply it to the real world," she said. "I want to combine art with fashion – it's perfect for me. Majoring in Fine Arts was good. I learned how to apply color, texture and pattern design in a unique way towards fashion. I'm more interested in surface print design than construction. I just apply it on fashion."
In July, she traveled to Utah for several days as part of her travel fellowship. She researched the colors, textures and physical weight of Bryce Canyon and Zion National Parks.
"I was looking for the feeling of 'gestalt' – the whole is greater than the sum of its parts," she said. "That happened for me. I didn't understand sculpture before I experienced Richard Serra's work and I had the experience of losing oneself, but at the same time being aware of one's presence. This feeling of monumental mountains reminded me of Serra's work. I wanted to experience a difference environment."
She got that this summer. Thanks to the Locks Career Center and the Business Scholar in the Arts program, Statsenko said she felt confident enough to take risks and apply for both fellowships. The additional funding allowed her to live in New York City and travel to Utah.
"[In BSA] we focus on what we want to do when we graduate and how to apply business skills," she said. "Eventually I'd like to be an entrepreneur and have my own textiles business. My fine arts and textiles background prepared me for the creative vision. The business minor and BSA prepared me for the business side of it."
"I learned how to market myself and my work, just go out and not be afraid to ask for what you want," she said. "This internship gave me a real glimpse of what I want to do when I graduate and confirmed I'm in the right field."
Originally from the Ukraine, Statsenko, 25, learned about Moore in high school. She took five years off after high school graduation to work and save money. She took classes at a community college and at an arts center to build her portfolio.
"It was a blessing because it gave me time to research and find out what I really wanted to do," she said. She focused on sculpture during her first two years at Moore and then on painting during her senior year. "Fine Arts allowed me to explore different mediums, be more creative."
Statsenko said she values the community at Moore and the freedom to research what she's interested in, but with the practical guidance of teachers such as Heather Ujjie (fine arts faculty), from whom she learned about the Mara Hoffman internship.
"I didn't want to feel like a number at college," she said. "I wanted personal connections with the teachers and the people I went to school with, and that's what I got."


text:
Monsters University (US - BD RA)
Gabe packs his bags and heads back to school with cute and cuddly critters...
Ever since college-bound Mike Wazowski (Billy Crystal) was a little monster, he has dreamed of becoming a Scarer – and he knows better than anyone that the best Scarers come from Monsters University (MU). But during his first semester at MU, Mike's plans are derailed when he crosses paths with hotshot James P. Sullivan, 'Sulley' (John Goodman), a natural-born Scarer. The pair's out-of-control competitive spirit gets them both kicked out of the University's elite Scare Program. To make matters worse, they realize they will have to work together, along with an odd bunch of misfit monsters, if they ever hope to make things right. (From Disney's official synopsis)
The general consensus among 'movie people,' myself included, is that, following more than a decade of unbridled success, Pixar was finally on the downswing. The harbinger of this supposed doom was an increase in sequels/prequels, very public behind-the-scenes troubles on four of their last six films, and the (comparatively) disappointing release of their most recent original production, Brave. Toy Story 3 overcame the adversity of a rocky production to become the studio's biggest moneymaker to date and garnered them their first Best Picture nomination, but that was soon forgotten when Cars 2 disappointed at the box office and received generally terrible reviews. The jury was still out on this whole unnecessary sequel experiment known as Monsters University, a prequel to Pixar's third non-sequel, Monsters Inc.. In Pixar's defense, Disney originally had the rights to make sequels to the Pixar films and already had their own Monsters Inc. sequel in early development. It seems like that sequel died out before Monsters University was pushed into production, but it's still likely that the 'threat' from Disney stoked Pixar's creative fires.
A prequel treatment is clearly the better option for the property, since the original film ends on a sublimely open-ended note. I, for one, was much happier imagining a continued happy ending for our characters in the same way I'm happy to simply imagine the further adventures all of the other Pixar favourites. But prequels are always a difficult proposition all their own. Most of them are characterized entirely by audience expectations, even more so than sequels, because they fill in the blanks on a story with a defined ending. It takes a deft hand to find suspense in that without entirely subverting the audience's assumptions. The problem with prequelizing Monsters Inc. in particular is that it ended with the monsters learning that laughter is a far more efficient energy source than screams, effectively turning the entire infrastructure of the monster society into something of a utopia. Any prequel would have to take place in a world where the monsters hadn't already arrived at this revelation, depriving it of the essential mystery usually expected from such an exercise (i.e. 'How did the Galactic Republic become the Galactic Empire?' or 'How did Earth become the Planet of the Apes?'). Monsters University takes the only viable option left – clarifying the much less eventful meeting of Monsters Inc's primary characters.
The good thing about Pixar making sequels to their biggest hits is that their box office success is certain enough they're willing to take chances on new directing and screenwriting talents -– people outside of the already proven core group of John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, and Pete Docter. For Monsters University, Pixar went to Dan Scanlon, a first-time feature animation director/screenwriter, who had worked for Disney and DreamWorks' STV departments as a storyboard artist and animator. I have some issues with the film on conceptual and script levels, but, as a visual achievement, it excels alongside the studio's finest. Scanlon has a firm grasp on (virtual) camera movement, pacing, general structure, and, with the help of an army of animators/designers/artists, he 'hips up' the Monsters Inc. brand without being obnoxiously modern about it. The film's look is more cinematic than its predecessor, thanks in large part to advancements in the technology, but also due to Scanlon and crew's understanding of dynamic camera work and animation.
Scanlon is joined on the screenplay in an official capacity (Pixar's screenplays are usually written in conjunction with more than just the credited screenwriters) with Robert L. Baird, who added 'additional story material' to Monsters Inc., and Daniel Gerson, who worked in a similar capacity alongside Baird on Cars and Meet the Robinsons. Structurally speaking, the script efficiently lines up the events without the process feeling like a chore, but, Monsters University can't match the original film's fresh concept. It's left feeling like more of the same for long stretches, with only its considerably smaller stakes to set it apart. The comedy is mostly divided between jokes that reference the original movie, jokes that reference '70s/'80s college movies ( Animal House, Revenge of the Nerds), and jokes that compare the monster world to the human one. The best jokes build on these references in new ways, like the bit where an Animal House-styled frat initiation is interrupted by the housemother doing laundry very loudly (Mom also happens to listen to death metal while relaxing in the car). The worst of these jokes are still charming enough to elicit a chuckle or two.
However light-hearted and by-the-numbers the first three-fourths of Monsters University seems, knowing where this story will end also adds a layer of melancholy over the entire film. It is here that the writers find that patented brand of Pixar emotional truth. From the first scene the writers hammer home the fact that Mike wants nothing more in life but to be a professional Scarer – something that will clearly never happen. After efficiently following through on the promised underdog frat house storyline the film takes an unexpected turn for a surprise fourth act that deals with the adult concept of adjusted expectations. This ending doesn't entirely transcend the repetitive nature of the film in the same way the parts of the similarly melancholy Toy Story 3 did, but it bumps a 'good' movie firmly into 'very good' territory, inspiring faith that further unnecessary sequels/prequels won't forget the storytelling lessons learned during the studio's golden era. It also instills hope for Scanlon, Gerson, and Baird's future work, assuming they get to work on something original next time around.
Ugh. Describing the perfection of a digitally-created animated feature on Blu-ray is never a fun proposition. As per the 'new normal,' Monsters University was made with digital 3D presentations in mind, but I am reviewing the 2D, 1080p Blu-ray, framed at 1.78:1 widescreen. It is, as expected, perfect. Pixar discs do tend to have the bulk of their extras moved to a second Blu-ray, which may be the thing that pushes their image quality that impossible smidgen sharper. The transfer's key components are the various monster facilities, the complex patterns of the digital sets (they've even included hairline scratches in the hardwood floors), and the vibrant, candied colours. Technological advances have given the crew the chance to upgrade their monster designs outrageously in the past 12 years, including incredibly realistic hair, skin, and scale (not to mention clothing) textures. What's less expected are the changes to the world around the monsters, which has been altered to look more like the real world, just with minor stylistic tweaks. The sweeping wide shots are teaming with crisp lines and perfectly contrasting elements, all without a hint of compression noise or edge enhancement. The palette is so eclectic and vivid that it doesn't really have a specific theme, though daytime sequences use more white highlights (even in shadows) and nighttime sequences use warmer highlights. The complexity of the hues is the most immediately impressive thing about the transfer, but viewers on the look-out for a new demo disc shouldn't overlook how tightly differentiated the colours are during the darker scenes or how they subtly glow during the brighter ones.
Monsters University is presented in the usual Pixar lossless audio format, Dolby TrueHD. The 7.1 soundtrack is constantly humming with noise, from heavy, aggressive scare/party sequences to subtle, warm atmospheric effects (there is almost always some kind of outside chatter leaking through the speakers, even during the indoor scenes). Among the early highlights is a sequence where a full 'scare jar' is accidentally released, like an oxygen tank, and flies around the stone-walled lecture hall, clanging around the channels and echoing throughout the coinciding speakers. Later, there is a sewer-bound foot race through a sea of buzzing, monster versions of sea urchins that inflate the body parts they touch like a balloon, complete with the related bouncing baloon sound effect. The climax is a particularly diverse moment, beginning with a dynamic, real-world scare and ending with a massive, LFE shattering electrical explosion. Randy Newman's score is very Randy Newman-esque, meaning it's pleasant, but often banally sappy. The specifically symphonic bits really don't work, but I forgot that the original Monsters Inc. score was swing-inspired, so there are some fantastically diverse reprieves, especially the marching band pieces and the drumline-meets-jazz bits. At its best, the score becomes the track's strongest element, creating a wide-spread, deep, and warm aural achievement.
DreamWorks, Sony, and Fox animation have been expending a lot less energy on special features for their animation releases, but Pixar apparently still sees value in the format. The extras begin with an audio commentary from director Dan Scanlon, producer Kori Rae, and story supervisor Kelsey Mann. This is a mellow track without being a low energy or particularly repetitive one. Like most Pixar commentaries, the major subject is the process of storytelling. The first and last acts went through the most changes. At one point Mike and Sulley were going to meet in elementary school and Mike was going to visit the Scare Floor as it was first being constructed. Technical jargon is mostly avoided in favour of talking about creative creature, prop, and set design, along with thematic visual motifs that most of us likely overlooked. The usual commentary follies apply, like long, pregnant pauses, reduced energy at the center of the film, and 'I love this shot'-type speak, but, overall, this is an informative and entertaining track. The only other disc one extra is The Blue Umbrella (6:50, HD), an endearing animated short that tells the uncannily touching tale of mostly inanimate objects that help a happy-faced blue umbrella connect with a seemingly beautiful red umbrella. It is directed by Saschka Unseld.
Disc two features:
- Campus Life (15:10, HD) – A day in the life look at Pixar staff members Scanlon, Rae, and their production crews (layout, editing, animation, etc). It's a nice impression of the group effort that goes into these movies.
- Story School (8:40, HD) – A brief look at the malleable story writing process with Scanlon, Rae, story supervisor Kelsey Mann, storyboard artists Adrian Molina and Steve Robinson, editor Greg Snyder, and writers Robert L. Baird & Dan Scanlon.
- Scare Games (4:30, HD) – A featurette about the studio's 'scare games' competitions that took place over the film's production. The teams were divided by department for the sake of bonding.
- Monthopology (5:50, HD) – On the process of designing a diverse set of creatures for the film with the director, and designers/animators Sanjay Bakshi, Adam Burke, Jason Deamer, Andrew Gordon, James Robertson, and Scott Clark.
- Welcome to MU (6:10, HD) – Scanlon, set designer Robert Kondo, and production designer Ricky Niveara discuss the university sets and their inspiration.
- Music Appreciation (7:30, HD) – Footage from the second recording session with composer Randy Newman, plus interviews with Scanlon, Rae, and Newman.
- Scare Tactics (5:20, HD) – A look at the animators' technical and 'acting' processes, including blocking, dailies, jargon, and differentiating character performances.
- Color and Light (5:20, HD) – A sort of self-explanatory look at lighting and colour planning processes with director of photography (lighting) Jean-Claude Kalache and lighting art director Dice Tsutsumi.
- Paths to Pixar: MU Edition (7:40, HD) – The latest in an ongoing tradition of Pixar staff telling stories of their journeys to working at the studio.
- Furry Monsters: A Technical Retrospective (5:00, HD) – On the huge leaps in technology between the two Monsters films that made hair simulation so much easier. It includes interviews with Monsters Inc. chief technical officer Steve May, simulation supervisor Christine Waggoner, and simulation core architect David Baraff.
- Four deleted scenes (in storyreel form) with director introduction (22:00, HD).
- Promotional galleries, including trailers, TV spots, and 'Monsters Mash-Ups' (which I believe played on the Disney Channel between commercial breaks).
- Four set flythroughs.
- Five interactive art galleries.
Even when working from a checklist, the Pixar people manage to wrangle an authentically loveable cast of characters that teach valuable lessons without talking down to children or beneath their parents. I'm still not convinced we needed a prequel to Monsters Inc., but Monsters University is an emotionally fulfilling, modestly subversive play on conventions that really comes together in its final act. If this is their version of mediocrity, I'm willing to wait out the storm until they have their Disney-style second renaissance. This 2D Blu-ray looks and sounds outrageously good, even for a CG animated movie, and features a solid filmmaker commentary, plus an entire disc of behind-the-scenes featurettes.
* Note: The above images are taken from the Blu-ray and resized for the page. Full-resolution captures are available by clicking the individual images, but due to .jpg compression, they are not necessarily representative of the quality of the transfer.
Review by Gabriel Powers
iconoclast Member Join Date: November 2006 Location: United States Posts: 264
I really liked this movie, I was just happy it didn't suck. Also, the Blue Umbrella short that preceded it is incredible.
RalphFiennes Member Join Date: August 2006 Location: United Kingdom Posts: 741
Hi disc 2, nice to meet you. I'm British.
Well why won't Disney let you cone and play over here?
Well why won't Disney let you cone and play over here?
All ages admitted
Disc Details
Release Date: 29th October 2013
Discs: 0
Disc Type: Blu-ray Disc
RCE: No
Video: 1080p
Aspect: 1.78:1
Anamorphic: No
Colour: No
Audio: Dolby TrueHD 7.1 English, DVS 2.0 English, Dolby Digital Plus 5.1 French, Dolby Digital 5.1 Spanish
Subtitles: English SDH, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, German
Extras: Filmmakers Commentary, The Blue Umbrella Short Film, Campus Life, Story School, Scare Games, Monthropology, Welcome to MU, Music Appreciation, Scare Tactics, Color and Light, Paths to Pixar, Furry Monsters, Deleted Scenes, Promotional Gallery, Set Flythroughs, Art Galleries, DVD Copy, Digital Copy
Easter Egg: No
Feature Details
Director: Dan Scanlon
Cast: Billy Crystal, John Goodman, Steve Buscemi, Joel Murray, Sean Hayes, Dave Foley, Peter Sohn, Charlie Day, Helen Mirren, Alfred Molina, Nathan Fillion, Aubrey Plaza
Genre: Action, Adventure, Animation, Comedy, Drama and Family
Length: 0 minutes
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Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical support. We find 136 case studies of climatic impacts that are potentially relevant to this topic. However, only seven identified proximate causes of demonstrated local extinctions due to anthropogenic climate change. Among these seven studies, the proximate causes vary widely. Surprisingly, none show a straightforward relationship between local extinction and limited tolerances to high temperature. Instead, many studies implicate species interactions as an important proximate cause, especially decreases in food availability. We find very similar patterns in studies showing decreases in abundance associated with climate change, and in those studies showing impacts of climatic oscillations. Collectively, these results highlight our disturbingly limited knowledge of this crucial issue but also support the idea that changing species interactions are an important cause of documented population declines and extinctions related to climate change. Finally, we briefly outline general research strategies for identifying these proximate causes in future studies.
1. Introduction
Anthropogenic climate change is recognized as a major threat to global biodiversity, one that may lead to the extinction of thousands of species over the next 100 years [1–7]. Climate change is an especially pernicious threat, as it may be difficult to protect species from its effects, even within reserves [8,9]. Furthermore, climate change may have important interactions with other anthropogenic impacts (e.g. habitat loss [2,6]). Given this, understanding the responses of species to modern climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing biologists today.
But what do we actually know about how climate change causes extinction? It might seem that limited physiological tolerances to high temperatures should be the major factor that causes climate change to threaten the persistence of populations and species, and many studies have justifiably focused on these tolerances [10–13]. However, there may be many other proximate causes of extinction, even when anthropogenic climate change is the ultimate cause. These proximate factors include negative impacts of heat-avoidance behaviour [14], the climate-related loss of host and pollinator species [15,16] and positive impacts of climate change on pathogens and competitors [17,18], among others. The relative importance of these factors is unclear and has not, to our knowledge, previously been reviewed, despite increasing interest in mechanisms underlying the impacts of climate change [19].
Identifying these proximate causes may be critical for many reasons. For example, different proximate factors may call for different conservation strategies to ameliorate their effects [20]. These different proximate factors may also influence the accuracy with which the impacts of climate change are predicted and may drive populations to extinction at different rates.
In this paper, we address three topics related to how anthropogenic climate change causes extinction. First, we briefly review and categorize the many proposed factors that potentially lead to extinction from climate change. Second, we argue that there is already abundant evidence for current local extinctions as a result of climate change, based on the widespread pattern of range contractions at the warm edges of species' ranges (low latitude and low elevation). Third, and most importantly, we perform to the best of our knowledge, the first large-scale review of empirical studies that have addressed the proximate causes of local extinctions related to climate change. This review reveals some unexpected results. We find that despite intensive research on the impacts of climate change, only a handful of studies have demonstrated a proximate cause of local extinctions. Further, among those studies that have identified a proximate cause, very few implicate limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures as the main, direct cause. Instead, a diverse set of factors are supported, with species interactions being particularly important. Finally, we outline some of the research approaches that can be used to examine the proximate factors causing extinction from climate change.
2. Proximate factors causing extinction from climate change
We briefly review and categorize the diverse proximate factors that may cause extinctions due to climate change. We organize these factors by distinguishing between abiotic and biotic factors (following the literature on species range limits [21]). However, all factors are ultimately related to abiotic climate change.
We make several caveats about this classification. First, we emphasize broad categories of factors, so some specific factors may not be included. Second, some factors are presently hypothetical and have not yet been demonstrated as causes of extinction. Third, we recognize that these factors are not mutually exclusive and may act synergistically to drive extinction. They may also interact with other, non-climatic factors (e.g. habitat modification [2,6]) and many different ecological and demographic factors may come into play as populations approach extinction [22]. Finally, we do not address factors that impede climate-induced dispersal.
(a) Abiotic factors
(i) Temperature (physiological tolerances)
Many effects of anthropogenic climate change follow from an increase in temperature. The most obvious proximate factor causing extinction is temperatures that exceed the physiological tolerance of the species [10,12]. This factor may be most important in sessile organisms and those with limited thermoregulatory ability, and in regions and time scales in which temperature increase is greatest.
The impacts of temperature may also be more indirect, but still related to physiological tolerances. For example, in spiny lizards (Sceloporus), local extinctions seem to occur because higher temperatures restrict surface activity during the spring breeding season to a daily time window that is overly short [23]. Similarly, increased air temperatures may both decrease activity time and increase energy maintenance costs, leading organisms to die from starvation rather than from overheating [14]. In aquatic organisms, increased water temperatures may lead to increased metabolic demand for oxygen while reducing the oxygen content of the water [24]. Variability in temperature may also be an important proximate cause of extinction [25], including both extreme events and large differences over the course of a year. In temperate and polar latitudes, a mismatch between photoperiod cues and temperature may be important, with fixed photoperiod responses leading to activity patterns that are inappropriate for the changed climate [26]. Here, both low and high temperatures could increase mortality rates and lead to population extinction.
(ii) Precipitation (physiological tolerances)
Anthropogenic changes are also modifying precipitation patterns [27], and these changes may drive extinction in a variety of ways. For example, decreasing precipitation may lead directly to water stress, death and local extinction for terrestrial species [28], and loss of habitat for freshwater species or life stages [29,30]. There may also be synergistic effects between heat and drought stress (e.g. in trees [31]). Changing precipitation may be more important to some species than changing temperature, sometimes leading to range shifts in the direction opposite to those predicted by rising temperatures [32].
(iii) Other abiotic factors
Other abiotic, non-climatic factors may drive extinctions that are ultimately caused by climate change. For example, climate change can increase fire frequency, and these fires may be proximate causes of extinction (e.g. in South African plants [33]). Similarly, increases in temperature lead to melting icecaps and rising sea levels [27], which may eliminate coastal habitats and modify the salinity of freshwater habitats [34].
(b) Biotic factors
The biotic factors that are the proximate causes of extinction from climate change can be placed in three general categories.
(i) Negative impacts on beneficial species
Climate change may cause local extinction of a given species by causing declines in a species upon which it depends. These may include prey for predators [35], hosts for parasites and specialized herbivores [16], species that create necessary microhabitats [36] and species that are essential for reproduction (e.g. pollinators [15]).
(ii) Positive impacts on harmful species
Alternately, climate change may cause extinction through positive effects on species that have negative interactions with a focal species, including competitors [37,38], predators [39,40] and pathogens [41–43]. Warming temperatures can also benefit introduced species, exacerbating their negative effects on native flora and fauna [44].
(iii) Temporal mismatch between interacting species
Climate change may also create incongruence between the activity times of interacting species [45]. These phenological mismatches may occur when interacting species respond to different environmental cues (e.g. temperature versus photoperiod for winter emergence) that are not congruently influenced by climate change [46]. We consider this category to be distinct from the other two because the differences in activity times are not necessarily negative or positive impacts on the species that are interacting with the focal species.
3. Are there current extinctions due to climate change?
Our goal is to understand which proximate factors cause extinctions due to climate change. However, we first need to establish that such extinctions are presently occurring. Few global species extinctions are thought to have been caused by climate change. For example, only 20 of 864 species extinctions are considered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) [47] to potentially be the result of climate change, either wholly or in part (using the same search criteria as a recent review [9]), and the evidence linking them to climate change is typically very tenuous (see the electronic supplementary material, table S1). However, there is abundant evidence for local extinctions from contractions at the warm edges of species' ranges. A pattern of range shifts (generally polewards and upwards) has been documented in hundreds of species of plants and animals [48,49], and is one of the strongest signals of biotic change from global warming. These shifts result from two processes: cold-edge expansion and warm-edge contraction (see the electronic supplementary material, figure S1). Much has been written about cold-edge expansions [21,50], and these may be more common than warm-edge contractions [51]. Nevertheless, many warm-edge contractions have been documented [52–58], including large-scale review studies spanning hundreds of species [48,59]. These warm-edge populations are a logical place to look for the causes of climate-related extinctions, especially because they may already be at the limits of their climatic tolerances [60]. Importantly, this pattern of warm-edge contraction provides evidence that many local extinctions have already occurred as a result of climate change.
We generally assume that the proximate factors causing local extinction from climate change are associated with the death of individuals. However, others factors may be involved as well. These include emigration of individuals into adjacent localities, declines in recruitment, or a combination of these and other factors. The question of whether climate-related local extinctions occur through death, dispersal or other processes has received little attention (but see [61,62]), and represents another important but poorly explored area in climate-change research.
4. What causes extinction due to climate change? current evidence
Given that there are many different potential causes of extinction as a result of climate change, and given that many populations have already gone extinct (as evidenced by warm-edge range contractions), what proximate causes of climate-related extinction have actually been documented? We conducted a systematic review of the literature to address this question.
(a) Causes of extinction: methods
We conducted three searches in the ISI Web of Science database, using the following keywords: (i) (('locally extinct' OR 'local extinction' OR 'extinc*') AND (caus*) AND ('climate change' OR 'global warming')); (ii) (('locally extinct' OR 'local extinction') AND ('climate change' OR 'global warming')); and (iii) (('extinc*' OR 'extirpat*') AND ('climate change' OR 'global warming' OR 'changing climate' OR 'global change')). The first two were conducted on 7 December 2011 and the third on 4 February 2012. Each search identified a partially overlapping set of studies (687 unique studies overall). We then reduced this to 136 studies which suggested that climate change is associated with local extinctions or declines (see the electronic supplementary material, appendix S1).
Among these 136 studies, we then identified those that reported an association between local extinction and climatic variables and that also identified a specific proximate cause for these extinctions (see the electronic supplementary material, appendix S1). The evidence linking these proximate causes to anthropogenic climate change varied considerably, but included studies integrating experimental and correlative results [23,63], and those that also accounted for factors unrelated to climate change [64]. Although we did not perform a separate, comprehensive search for all studies of climate-related declines, we also include studies of population declines that were connected to potential local extinctions as a second category of studies. Studies of declines should also be informative, given that the factors causing population declines may ultimately lead to extinctions [65]. All studies reported declines in abundance but some also considered declines in other parameters (e.g. fecundity). We also included studies of impacts from natural oscillations (such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO) as a third category of results.
(b) Causes of extinction: results
(i) Proximate causes of local extinctions
Of 136 studies focusing on local extinctions associated with climate change (see the electronic supplementary material, appendix S1), only seven identified the proximate causes of these extinctions (table 1 and figure 1a). Surprisingly, none of the seven studies shows a straightforward relationship between local extinction and limited tolerances to high temperature. For example, for the two studies that relate extinctions most directly to changing temperatures, the proximate factor is related either to how temperature limits surface activity time during the breeding season [23] or to a complex relationship between extreme temperatures (both cold and hot), precipitation and physiology [25,63]. Most studies (four of seven) implicate species interactions as the proximate cause, especially decreases in food availability [35,64,66]. Many authors have predicted that altered species interactions may be an important cause of extinction resulting from climate change (e.g. [67,68]), and our results empirically support the importance of these interactions (relative to other factors) among documented cases of local extinction.
(ii) Proximate causes of population declines
Seven studies identified proximate causes of population declines (table 2). The frequency of different proximate causes is intriguingly similar to those for population extinctions (figure 1a,b). Specifically, species interactions are the proximate cause of declines in the majority of studies, with declines in food availability being the most common cause [69,71,72], along with disease [70]. Drying of aquatic habitats is the cause in one study [29]. Two studies show physiological tolerances to abiotic factors as responsible for declines, with the declines being due to desiccation stress in desert trees [28], and due to oxygen limitation at high temperatures in a fish [24]. However, we find again that no studies show a straightforward relationship between population declines and temperatures exceeding the critical thermal limits of physiological tolerance.
(iii) Proximate causes of extinction due to 'natural' climatic oscillations
Among the 136 studies, four documented proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions that were associated with climatic oscillations (table 3). These oscillations may increase in frequency and severity due to anthropogenic impacts ([77], but see [78]). All four studies reinforce the importance of species interactions as the proximate cause of many extinctions attributable to climate change (figure 1c), including climate-related losses of food resources [73,75], loss of an algal symbiont ('coral bleaching'; [74]) and pathogen infection [76].
Two of the most widely discussed examples of climate-change related extinctions involve chytrid fungus in amphibians and coral bleaching (including many examples given above [36,70,74,75]). In both cases, local extinctions are strongly connected to natural climatic oscillations (e.g. [74]), but the links to anthropogenic climate change are still uncertain. For example, Pounds et al. [42] concluded that chytrid-related declines and extinctions in the frog genus Atelopus are related to anthropogenic warming, but Rohr & Raffel [70] subsequently suggested that chytrid spread in Atelopus was largely due to El Niño events. The link between anthropogenic climate change and local extinction of coral populations through bleaching also remains speculative [79]. For example, severe climate anomalies can cause bleaching and coral mortality [80], but bleaching itself does not always lead to mass mortality [81].
(c) Proximate causes of extinction: synthesis
Our review of the proximate causes of population extinctions and declines due to climate change reveals three main results, which are concordant across the three categories of studies (extinctions, declines and climatic oscillations). First, very few studies have documented proximate factors (18 of 136). Second, a diversity of proximate causes are empirically supported. Third, changing interspecific interactions are the most commonly demonstrated causes of extinctions and declines (figure 1). Specifically, changes in biotic interactions leading to reduced food availability are the single most common proximate factor (figure 1). In contrast, limited physiological tolerances to high temperatures are supported only infrequently and indirectly (figure 1). Interestingly, the impacts of species interactions may be particularly difficult to document, inviting underestimation. However, we caution that these generalizations are based on few studies. For example, all three datasets (tables 1–3) are dominated by vertebrates, with only one plant study represented. Thus, the frequencies of documented proximate causes may change as the pool of studies becomes more taxonomically representative.
Finally, we note that we did not specifically address global species extinctions associated with climate change in our review. However, IUCN lists 20 species as extinct or extinct in the wild that potentially declined because of climate change (see the electronic supplementary material, table S1). Of these 20 species, seven are frogs that were possibly infected by chytrid fungus, which may be facilitated by climate change (see above). Four are snails, which may have become extinct as a result of drought. Two are freshwater fishes that lost their habitats because of drought. Among the six birds, two were also potentially affected by drought. The other four birds are island species possibly impacted by storms (the severity of which may be related to climate change), but these all had clear non-climatic threats. A similar pattern occurs in one island rodent species. In almost all cases, the links between extinction and anthropogenic climate change are speculative (but see [82]), which is why these cases were not included previously in our review. Intriguingly, none of the 20 is clearly related to limited tolerances to high temperatures (see the electronic supplementary material, table S1).
5. Approaches for finding the proximate causes of climate-related extinction
Our review demonstrates that disturbingly little is known about the proximate causes of extinctions due to recent climate change. How can this important gap be filled? Many approaches are possible, and we very briefly summarize two general frameworks that are beginning to be used. One focuses on individual species at multiple localities [23,25,63], the other on species assemblages at a particular locality [83–85]. These approaches are summarized graphically in the electronic supplementary material, figure S2.
Focusing on individual species (see the electronic supplementary material, figure S2), one must first document local extinctions or declines. To test whether populations have gone extinct, the present and past geographical ranges of the species can be compared. These analyses need not require surveying the entire species range, but could focus on a more limited series of transects (e.g. near the lowest latitudes and elevations, where ranges may already be limited by climatic factors [69,86]). The historical range can be determined from literature records and/or museum specimen localities [87]. These latter data are becoming increasingly available through online databases (e.g. GBIF; http://www.gbif.org/). Next, the species range (or select transects) should be resurveyed to document which populations are extant [23,56]. Evaluating whether populations persist is not trivial, and recent studies [56,88] have applied specialized approaches (e.g. occupancy modelling [89]). Furthermore, resurveys should account for false absences that may be misinterpreted as extinctions and for biases created by unequal sampling effort in space and time [87,90,91].
Documenting climate-related declines presents different challenges than documenting extinctions, given that most species lack data on population parameters over time. Some populations have been the focus of long-term monitoring, facilitating detailed studies of climate change impacts [86,92]. Large-scale databases on population dynamics through time are now becoming available. For example, the Global Population Dynamics Database [93] contains nearly 5000 time-series datasets. However, for many species, resurveying ranges to document local extinctions may be a necessary first step instead.
Given demonstrable local extinctions or declines, the next step is to determine whether these are related to large-scale trends in global climate change. Peery et al. [94] summarize six approaches that can be used to relate environmental factors to population declines [95]. These same approaches can be applied to connect global climate change and local extinctions. Relationships between changes in climate over time and population extinction versus persistence can be tested using GIS-based climatic data for relatively fine time scales (e.g. each month and year; PRISM; [96]). These analyses should preferably include data on other potential causes of local extinction not directly related to climate change, such as human habitat modification [64]. These analyses should help establish whether the observed local extinctions or declines are indeed due to climate change. If so, the next step is to understand their proximate causes.
Correlative analyses can be carried out to generate and test hypotheses about which proximate causes may be involved. Biophysical modelling [97] may be especially useful for these analyses, as it can incorporate many important factors, such as microclimate [98] and related variables (e.g. shade, wind speed, cloudiness, humidity) and relevant behavioural, ecological, demographic and physiological parameters [14,23]. Dissecting the specific aspects of climate that are most strongly associated with local extinctions may be important (e.g. is it warmer temperatures in the hottest part of the year, or the coldest?). Correlative studies can also test potential biotic factors, including the association between population extinctions or declines and the abundance of other species with negative impacts on the species in question (e.g. competitors, pathogens) or reductions in species necessary for persistence (e.g. prey, hosts). Two-species occupancy models [99] could be applied to test for the impacts of these and other types of interspecific interactions. Identifying the particular interactions that are responsible for climate-related extinctions may be challenging, given the diversity of interactions and species that may be involved. However, our results suggest that changing biotic interactions may be the most common proximate causes of climate-related extinction (figure 1).
Once potential factors are identified with correlative studies, these can be tested with mechanistic analyses. These could include experimental tests of physiological tolerances to relevant temperature and precipitation regimes [10,24,86,100], and laboratory and field tests of species interactions [39]. Transplant experiments that move individuals from extant populations into nearby localities where the species has recently gone extinct [100] may be particularly useful (for species in which this is practical). In many ways, experimental analyses can provide the strongest tests of the hypothesized causes of local extinctions. However, these should be informed by broader correlative studies. For example, simply testing the physiological tolerances of a species to extremely high temperatures may say little about the causes of climate-associated local extinction in that species if those extinctions are actually caused by warmer temperatures in winter or the spread of a competitor.
The second major approach (see the electronic supplementary material, figure S2) is to focus on species assemblages at single localities over time [83–85], rather than analysing multiple localities across the range of one or more species. Given data on species composition at different points in time, the local extinctions or declines of certain species can be tested for association with temporal changes in climate. These losses can then be related to specific biological traits (e.g. greater loss of species with temperature-cued flowering times versus those using photoperiod, or species for which the site is near their southern versus northern range limits [84]). These relationships can then point the way to more mechanistic and experimental studies.
6. Questions for future research
Understanding the proximate factors that cause climate-related extinctions should be an urgent priority for future research and should open the door to many additional applied and basic questions. Are there specific conservation and management strategies that can be matched to specific extinction causes? Are there phylogenetic trends or life-history correlates [20] of these factors that may allow researchers to predict which factors will be important in a species without having to conduct lengthy studies within that species? Do different factors influence the ability of niche models to accurately predict range shifts and extinctions due to climate change (e.g. physiological tolerances versus species interactions)? Can species adapt to some potential causes of extinction and not others?
7. Conclusions
Climate change is now recognized as a major threat to global biodiversity, and one that is already causing widespread local extinctions. However, the specific causes of these present and future extinctions are much less clear. Here, we have reviewed the presently available evidence for the proximate causes of extinction from climate change. Our review shows that only a handful of studies have focused specifically on these factors, and very few suggest a straightforward relationship between limited tolerance to high temperatures and local extinction. Instead, a diverse set of factors is implicated, including effects of precipitation, food abundance and mismatched timing with host species. Overall, we argue that understanding the proximate causes of extinction from climate change should be an urgent priority for future research. For example, it is hard to imagine truly effective strategies for species conservation that ignore these proximate causes. We also outline some general approaches that may be used to identify these causes. However, we make the important caveat that the relative importance of different proximate causes may change radically over the next 100 years as climate continues to change, and limited physiological tolerances to high temperatures may become the dominant cause of extinction. Nevertheless, our review suggests the disturbing possibility that there may be many extinctions due to other proximate causes long before physiological tolerances to high temperatures become predominant.
We thank H. Resit Akçakaya, Amy Angert, Steven Beissinger, Doug Futuyma, Spencer Koury, Javier Monzón, Juan Parra and anonymous reviewers for discussion and helpful comments on the manuscript.
- Received August 13, 2012.
- Accepted September 24, 2012.
- © 2012 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.


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The southern coast of Sri Lanka is still largely untouched and unchanged by tourism, but with the New York Times and Forbes naming it a Top Destination, it won't be overlooked much longer. One of the top biodiversity hotspots in the world, there is much to see and Hambantota is the gateway to most of it.
Yala National Park, it is said, brings The Jungle Book to life. Ironically, it was once a hunting ground for the elite under British rule - today it holds the world's largest concentration of leopards and elephants. Bundala National Park is an important wintering ground for migratory water birds in Sri Lanka, the highlight being the greater flamingo. With herds of elephants, wild buffalo, sambar deer and leopards, Uda Walawe National Park rivals the savannahs of Africa. Head there for a tropical safari.
The boho-chic set is heading to Galle, southwest of Hambantota, for stylish relaxation. The UNESCO World Heritage protected Galle Fort is an 18th-century Dutch walled town with chic shops, grand colonial houses and beautiful beaches.
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Bundala National Park
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Get up close and personal with elephants, crocodiles, monkeys, and thousands of colourful birds in Bundala National Park. Take a guided tour with a local guide to gain an appreciation for just how many different types of animals and birds there are to see.
Mahapelessa Hot Springs
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Rest, rejuvenate, and relax in these tranquil, naturally occurring hot springs. There's something for every taste with a variety of pools and temperatures available.
Kumana National Park
Kumana National Park
More than 255 species of birds have been recorded in Kumana National Park. A protected area within the park, the Kumana Bird Sanctuary, is one of the most important bird nesting and breeding grounds in all of Sri Lanka.
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Rowdy's Dream Blog #308: I get to drink a dream martini, then I have to deal with bugs.
I am at Realtor MiMi's party. She is famous for her martinis. I talk with an old guy about his new place on Gold Dust Avenue, downtown. Some women approach and ask me to go out into the back yard and kill a black widow. Outside, in bare feet, I am swarmed by centipedes.


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"but be confident that he (Miltiades) would be (futurum esse : future infinitive of ESSE) such as they juged that he had been known (recognized)" (i.e. Miltiades' qualities would not change anymore)

but be confident his future would be such as they judged,

cognitum (ESSE implied) perfect infinitive passive of COGNOSCO, in an infinitive clause being direct object of iudicarunt., the subject EUM (= Miltiadem) is also implied.
I'm not all sure how cognitum fits in. Any suggestions?

It is optional but highly recommended to students.

Is idque Lemnii sua sponte facerent an indirect command after postulasset? If it is, shouldn't there be an ut, or is that optional?

Id si factum esset... dimicari is a "free" indirect discourse (without expression of an introductory verb) :
factum esset replaces a factum erit (future perfect) of the direct discourse : "if this will have been done, it will bring courage...".

Why factum esset? I would have expected fieret as happening after the nitebatur.


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MENDON — After almost 30 years of giving their heart and soul to the business, Mendon Twin Drive-In co-owners Susan L. Swanson and Kathy M. Gorman weren't going to sell to just anyone.
The Upton couple was concerned the wrong buyer would close it and develop the 16-acre property as happened with many of the drive-ins, or not love it as they did.
Then, after months of what new co-owner Michael R. Andelman called "soft courting" with Ms. Swanson to purchase it, the women turned over the keys Friday, closing the deal at Commerce Bank in Worcester.
Mr. Andelman said he and his two brothers, Dave and Dan, who are also behind the Phantom Gourmet brand, are just as passionate about the drive-ins as its former owners and loyal patrons are.
"We've owned it a whole 24 hours and we're still floating that we were able to get this done," he said. "We thought it was a crazy dream."
Exactly Ms. Swanson's sentiments when she drove by the drive-in's marquee with her sister Deborah L. Malo, who works in the ticket booth and saw it was for sale.
That was in 1986.
"Everyone in the family thought she was totally out of her mind," Ms. Malo said. "We thought, 'A drive-in? Who buys a drive-in?'"
Ms. Swanson's family helped her rebuild the business that was left in disrepair, Ms. Malo said.
Ms. Swanson, who grew up in Mendon and was known for her taco wagons that sold Mexican food, said she was raised going to the Mendon drive-in.
"It is a bittersweet time for us," Ms. Swanson said. "We have a lot of years and a lot of memories and made a lot of relationships."
Ms. Swanson said they received numerous offers from potential buyers over the years, but they chose the Andelman brothers because they felt they were the right people to carry out their dream. The couple met them about a decade ago and the drive-in's snack bar was featured on the Phantom Gourmet several times, she said.
"These are great guys and a great family, who love the business and want to carry on our legacy, which is a really good thing for our customers," Ms. Swanson said. "They are all about food and fun and they are passionate about the drive-in, too."
Since 1986 the couple has spent their summers, seven days a week, at the drive-in from 3 in the afternoon until 2:30 a.m.
Though they will help the Andelmans through the transition this summer, the couple said they were looking forward to spending some time on the beach with their dogs, Ruby and Maggie.
"It will be a different life for them now that they will not have mommy at the drive-in," Ms. Swanson said. "Kathy and I were hands-on our whole career. We didn't leave until the last car left the lot."
The drive-in's 39 employees will stay on, she said.
Mr. Andelman said a lot of people, including himself, have nostalgic feelings about the Mendon drive-in.
"It is the Fenway Park of drive-in theaters," he said. "There used to be 4,000 and there are only around 300 left in the country and this is one of the most beloved."
There are only two others in Massachusetts, in Leicester and on Cape Cod, he said.
Little will change this summer from what customers are used to, Mr. Andelman said, including keeping admission at only $25 a carload, but they plan to make some additions like staying open on the weekends in October for double-feature, classic horror movies like "Friday the 13th," "Halloween" and "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre." People will also see the three Andelman brothers around a lot, he said.
"There is almost no activity that my grandfather and father did that I can take my son to," he said. "There are very few forms of entertainment that exist that we all could have done. I want to make sure my kids know what a drive-in is."
The Mendon drive-in opens April 9 for weekends only until Memorial Day, when it will be open seven days a week through summer.
Contact Paula Owen at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @PaulaOwenTG.


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The Experiment Dress
Added Sep 25, 2012
by alicewang
Surrey, United K...
This was my first attempt at a vintage pattern (Simplicity 7270, printed in 1967), and also at border prints.
I used a heavyweight viscose "coupon" purchased from Paris, all for €10 (and I still have quite a lot left :D )
I had to make quite a few design adjustments to the pattern, mainly to reduce the width around the waistline. Although this means that a lot of the 60s style is lost in the process, I do prefer the finished version a lot better.
For more details please visit my blog
Material Notes
heavyweight viscose with a border print
2 Comments Sign in to add a post
Sep 26, 2012, 07.04 AMby Mary Athey
fab pattern dress and fabric . its lovely on you as well x
1 Reply
Sep 26, 2012, 08.20 AMby alicewang
Thank you kindly x
Sep 25, 2012, 10.46 PMby skeeler
Awesome! I love the way you used this print, and with a cool 60s pattern no less. Great job.
1 Reply
Sep 26, 2012, 08.20 AMby alicewang
Thank you! I'm glad you like it – I'm feeling rather unsure about it…
Add to Favorites no one added it


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New Training Bikes, helmets, gear provided at our new Motorbike Off-Road Training Centre. Best price for IBT and Pre-Tests.
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Wabash Student Completes Fellowship with Secretary of State's Office
Contact: AJ Freeney-Ruiz
Indianapolis, IN - Secretary of State Todd Rokita today announced Andrew Wells of Portland has completed the 2005 Indiana Secretary of State Fellowship Program. The fellowship, a summer-long program, selects four undergraduate students from around the state and allows them the opportunity to experience state government first hand.
"Andrew's showed hard work and dedication as he displayed his leadership and ability to work in an environment that can be stressful yet rewarding," Rokita said. "He truly has been valuable addition to our team this summer as we continue our work to make this office a national model."
Wells is a senior at Wabash College, where he is seeking a history degree. He is a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity, Vice President of the Student Senate, a member of the Sphinx Club, and a varsity swimmer.
Wells cites his work on developing and overseeing a plan to educate Secretary of State staff about the "Core Values" of the office as being his most rewarding project. He also recalls accompanying Secretary Rokita on an official visit to Wells' hometown of Portland as being his most memorable experience.
"The fellowship program has given me the opportunity to meet and work with government officials on a daily basis. It has also allowed me to gain the experience necessary to excel in a stressful work environment. I didn't just make copies all day; I was given many responsibilities and my performance was expected every day." Wells said.
Wells graduated from Jay County High School and is the son of J.C. and Nancy Wells. He will graduate from Wabash in 2006 and plans to attend law school in the future.


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SHANGHAI (AP) Roger Federer ignored recent death threats from a Chinese blogger and won his opening match at the Shanghai Masters on Wednesday, beating qualifier Lu Yen-Hsun 6-3, 7-5 in the second round.
Federer said he was aware that the blogger had recently issued an apology.
The 17-time Grand Slam champion has had heavy security surrounding him at all times since arriving in Shanghai.
``I felt fine'' Federer said. ``There was maybe one quick thought. I saw one of the bodyguards outside of the court. I thought, still around, obviously. I have bodyguards every time I play a match on a center court, which is normal.
``Once the match started, got underway, I never thought about it again.''
Federer saved the one break point he faced and broke serve once in each set to secure his path to the third round. He'll next face 13th-seeded Stanislas Wawrinka.
``I thought it was a good match for me,'' Federer said. ``Obviously, not having been broken is a good thing early on in a tournament. You hope it sets a trend for more to come.''
Novak Djokovic also advanced, beating Grigor Dimitrov of Bulgaria 6-3, 6-2. Two-time defending champion Andy Murray received a walkover into the third round after the withdrawal of Florian Mayer because of a rib injury.
Sam Querrey of the United States rallied past 14th-seeded Kei Nishikori 2-6, 6-2, 6-4 in another second-round match.
Djokovic won the China Open in Beijing last week for his fourth title of the year and 32nd of his career. He has won 66 matches this season, the most of any player on tour.
Djokovic didn't offer Dimitrov a break-point opportunity and never lost more than one point in any service game. He also served four games at love.
``Very pleased with my serving in Beijing and obviously the first match today,'' Djokovic said. ``So that's something that I've been working on, obviously. Relying on the serve in today's tennis is a big advantage. So I try to get as many free points as possible. It helped me a lot to defeat my opponent.''
If Djokovic wins in Shanghai and Federer loses before the quarterfinals, the Serb would reclaim the No. 1 ranking next week.
Murray has a 9-0 record after winning finals against David Ferrer last year and Federer in 2010. The third-ranked player from Scotland also won the Olympic gold medal at the London Games and a title in Brisbane this year.
Murray had short notice about Mayer's injury and withdrawal.
``I went to the gym this morning in the hotel, and he was in the gym at the same time,'' Murray said. ``I didn't know until 15, 20 minutes ago.''
Fifth-seeded Jo-Wilfried Tsonga beat Benoit Paire 7-6 (7), 7-5 in an all-French match.
For the second straight day at the tournament, a match went to three tiebreaker sets. Marcos Baghdatis of Cyprus upset 12th-seeded Milos Raonic of Canada 7-6 (4), 6-7 (5), 7-6 (3).
Nishikori won the opening set against Querrey before fading. He sought a medical timeout for a right ankle injury that he sustained last week when he won the Japan Open.
``It's disappointing, but I was close to a win even with this injury,'' Nishikori said.