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Bottle of 'Walpole' Nerve and Brain Tonic, Southampton, England, 1940-1955
Walpole's Nerve and Brain Tonic was a 'strengthening tonic'. It was made by Southampton-based Walpole Dispensary and Botanic Pharmacy Limited. The tonic was recommended for clinical depression, lack of concentration, low vitality and the relief of 'nervous debility'. It was suggested a teaspoonful should be added to half a wine glass of water and drunk four times daily between meals. The product was typical of medical preparations sold 'over the counter' in chemists across the country.
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Lenawee County schools improved this year in nearly every subject area measured by the state's annual MEAP tests.
MEAP tests — the name stands for Michigan Educational Assessment Program — are given every fall to students in third through ninth grades. The numbers in each district represent what percentage of students are considered proficient in each subject area.
Overall, Lenawee County scores improved on 16 out of the 18 grade-level subjects tests.
Scores were also up statewide, though on most tests, the county's average increases outpaced the state's.
In Tecumseh, the number of students considered proficient exceeded the state average on 16 out of 18 grade-level tests.
Statewide, reading and math scores improved at all grade levels. A number of local districts also noted substantial gains in math: For example, the number of students considered proficient in math jumped 37.1 percentage points for Hudson fifth-graders, 28.8 percentage points for Morenci sixth-graders, 26 points for Tecumseh sixth-graders and 22 points for Adrian eighth-graders.
Statewide and locally, the subject area with the fewest students testing as proficient was science.
Only 13.1 percent of Michigan fifth-graders met proficiency standards in science, and only 15.9 percent of eighth-graders. Those numbers were lower in Lenawee County, with 10.4 percent of fifth-graders and 13.8 percent of eighth-graders considered proficient.
Science MEAP tests are given only in fifth and eighth grades.
Districts that managed to beat the state average in science were Blissfield, Britton Deerfield, Clinton and Hudson in fifth grade and Clinton and Tecumseh in eighth grade.
Because the tests are given in the fall, all MEAP tests actually measure the material taught in the previous grade.
Adrian stayed steady or improved in most subject areas, with the district's largest gains seen in eighth-grade math. The district ran training sessions for middle school math teachers last year in a teaching system called Direct Interactive Instruction, said Chris Timmis, Adrian's superintendent.
"In math, we soared," Timmis said. "Teachers are working hard, administrators are working hard. We're using data better and making adjustments."
The district has put a number of curriculum changes in place in the last few years.
"It's my anticipation that we're going to see multiple years of these kind of jumps," Timmis said.
Statewide, the only grade-level subject tests showing a decrease in the percentage of students considered proficient were fifth-grade science, eighth-grade science and ninth-grade social studies.
"These gains demonstrate Michigan's teachers and students are rising to the challenge of the rigorous standards established last year," State Superintendent Mike Flanagan said in a news release. "I am encouraged by the progress being made in Michigan schools and look forward to the continued efforts to help all students achieve at a higher level in all subjects."
County students improve in nearly every subject measured by MEAP
Lenawee County schools improved this year in nearly every subject area measured by the state's annual MEAP tests.

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Gym Wall Decal For Home Gym Motivational Fitness - Push Your Limits
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MAHLER Symphonie No. 8 Dudamel Blu-ray 0734890
. . . the musical values of this performance are very high . . . Although there are some moving instrumental passages, it is the rich and enthusiastic sounds of the chorus that makes this an overwhelming experience to see and hear . . . [somehow with the gargantuan number of performers assembled on the stage] as well as the non-stop enthusiasm of Dudamel himself, it all seems to work. It's dramatic to the extreme, awe-inspiring, and very moving. I see it's also available on Blu-ray with even superior surround sonics, but the visual portion looks excellent on the DVD. There are hi-res SACD versions available by Bernstein, Tilson Thomas, Kubelik, Colin Davis, Bernard Haitink and Kent Nagano, but . . . I don't think any can equal the astounding visual aspect of this video production.
With the most reliable attention-getter in the symphonic repertory, Dudamel sees Mahler's New World and raises him a continent . . . [Dudamel] sets a standard for cross-cultural music-making. Few events have been as primed for the camera yet prepared with such precision for the microphone . . . [Dudamel's charisma] also proves photogenic. So too does the camera take the viewer to the most interesting vantage points . . . Rarely has a chorus come off so perfectly balanced, even in the softest sections . . . Dudamel's concept of Mahler has deepened noticeably . . . The simple logistics of assembling these forces is laudable, as are the results.
This Symphony of much more than a thousand, with nearly 200 in the combined forces of the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Simón Bolívar Symphony, maximises the advantages of group spirit and minimises the problems of monstrosity. The beginning, middle and end of Mahler's first-movement hymn to the creator spirit blaze with unsurpassable, open-toned fervor . . . guess it's the fervent Simón Bolívar strings who bring true intensity to the tremolos and heart to the soarings . . . most transponing are second soprano Julianna di Giacomo and baritone Brian Mulligan . . . [the event] is unique; enjoy it for what it is.
[Dudamel] wanted this occasion to be "as big as can be"; and certainly there can be no complaints about its sheer scale . . . Surely, this is the Real Thing . . . Add to this the political dimension -- an act of music-making that . . . bridges sharp political divides. Then add the almost palpable joy in music-making evident in both the performance (watching the children's chorus is almost worth the price of admission) and the unusually engaging bonus feature: clearly, an occasion well worth memorializing on Blu-ray . . . if you simply listened to this account, without the background, without the video, you'd rate it as very good . . . you're most likely to remember this Eighth for its energy . . . for the inevitability with which the players march into the recapitulation, for the jauntiness of the orchestra . . . in the second movement, and for the overwhelming build of the final chorus . . . [Dudamel] manages to boost the energy of the passages where they call back and forth to one another, just as he brings out the spirited interplay of the orchestral soloists . . . [this reading is not] simply a high-tension operation: There's plenty of quieter beauty here, for instance in the wonderfully colored opening to the second movement (Dudamel is especially good at balancing the passacaglia like aspect of the passage to create a sense of vague expectation) or in the gloriously transparent music featuring harps and keyboards toward the end of the second movement, especially when they accompany the Mater Gloriosa, luminously sung from on high by Kiera Duffy. Orchestral playing is excellent from first to last . . . when you're in the mood to immerse yourself in the sheer grandeur and humanity of the Eighth, this tremendous and life-affirming reading will win your heart. All in all, a cause for celebration.
I will say straightaway that there is no need for equivocation about this live Eighth; it is, quite simply, the finest thing I've ever heard or seen Dudamel do . . . [throughout, Dudamel is] actively shaping and moulding the performance most impressively and revealing a full command of Mahler's score. He's greatly assisted by an acute response from the combined orchestra. They play with impressive power and unanimity . . . The soloists are very impressive . . . Alexander Vinogradov is an imposing Pater profundus while Brian Mulligan gives an impassioned account of the Pater ecstaticus solo . . . Anna Larsson is very fine while Julianna Di Giacomo excels in the Gretchen role . . . Duffy sings beautifully and the overall effect is wonderful . . . This is a formidable achievement by all concerned. First and foremost it's a colossal achievement by all the performers whose musicality and sheer stamina must be saluted . . . The achievement by those responsible for recording and filming the performance is equally great. The sound is excellent: Mahler's huge climaxes are thrillingly conveyed, without overload, but also a tremendous amount of detail is captured . . . they've managed impressively to convey the sheer scale of the enterprise and also they've been just as good at focusing in on individual performers -- and on the conductor. . . This is a remarkable performance and a record, too, of a special event in the annals of Mahler performance. I urge you to experience it for yourself.
. . . thrilling . . . Not only is this live performance, combining two concerts from February 2012, miraculously coherent when it could have turned into a mob scene, but as a source of shared communal love it's unmatched . . . The glow in the faces of these singers, so obviously proud and filled with promise, makes tears well up in the viewer . . . Dudamel's solo group isn't an ensemble of superstars -- I was familiar with only Anna Larsson and Alexander Vinogradov, both outstanding on this occasion -- but they fit the bill, and tenor Burkhard Fritz must have been having one of the best nights of his career. The tidal wave of sound issuing from the chorus challenged my playback system, but it lacked nothing in the rapture this music is meant to convey . . . [the long orchestral introduction of Part Two is particularly tricky, but happily,] the Dudamel spell doesn't break, and he accomplishes everything he needs to, as do his soloists . . . [in the video filmed we catch] extraordinary glimpses of young South American musicians from impoverished backgrounds sharing desks with veterans of the LAPO on equal footing, and that, too, is among the most touching aspects of the performance.


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Private Bass Guitar tutoring lessons Glenside, PA.
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Check out some of our most popular teachers near Glenside, PA including Philadelphia, Princeton, Wilmington, Trenton and West Chester.
About Jonathan H.Close
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learn the fretboard... learn to read composed music and chord charts!
About Jonathan
When I turned 8 years old, I began piano lessons. I started violin
at 9 and trombone at 10. After studying numerous instruments I am now proficient on the piano, electric/acoustic bass, and guitar. Having completed my tour of duty in the U.S. Army, I am currently on the Dean's list as a music/audio production major, and plan to continue my music education until I earn at least a masters in performance and composition. I started my teaching career at Milestones in Music, a local studio, as an independent contractor, and was able to gain valuable experience, and through my membership in the National Association for Music Education(NAfME) I was able to fine tune my curriculum. I am a former student member of the Grammy U Recording Academy, and have had opportunities to
award in music, the Grammy). I am the band leader at my church Montco Bible Fellowship. I have experience as an audio tech in the studio and for a live stage, and have consulted for organizations looking to setup a sound system/studio. I enjoy recording my own music in my home studio, and learning to play new instruments. I hope to pass my love for music to the next generation!
*** Lesson Details ***
I am a very laid back instructor... as you will find out! I understand that not everyone learns at the same rate; however, I am a perfectionist and don't allow students to advance until they have learned a particular skill. I would rather a student take forever to learn a song, and practice it with good technique, than be able to play it right away with poor form and posture! I reinforce the value of working toward goals and celebrate with students when they reach them. I understand that every student has different interests and reasons for wanting to learn an instrument... I try to focus on the areas that are of interest to the student, because a student who is enjoying themself will excel. This does not mean that the subjects and skills that are not of interest will not be taught, because I also believe in being a well-rounded musician. I teach both jazz (theory/improvisation) and classical (composed) music.
*** Studio Equipment ***
My studio is currently not optimal for teaching... I hope to change this soon!!
*** Travel Equipment ***
I provide lesson books and other learning materials, but expect to be reimbursed. I expect the student to have their own instrument/equipment. Piano students are required to have a piano or a keyboard with 88 weighted keys (hammer-action), a piano bench and a pedal. Guitar/bass students must have an acoustic/electric guitar/bass with a strap or footstool, pick, and cable and amplifier if applicable! Digital audio students must have their own computer, Digital Audio workstation (software), digital audio interface, speakers/headphones and midi controller. ALL STUDENTS MUST PROVIDE A NOTEBOOK (college rule or staff)!!
*** Specialties ***
I specialize in classical and jazz piano! I am more than proficient at most production software including: reason, fl studio, ableton live... and other editing software such as sony sound forge, audacity, etc...
· Guitar · In home
· Piano · In home
· Guitar · In home
Jonathan H.
Jonathan H.
About Joseph L.Close
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Enjoy learning to play electric bass with harmonic and rhythmic understanding. The bass drives the band!
About Joseph
· Guitar · In home
· Guitar · In home
· Guitar · In home
Joseph L.
Joseph L.
About Benjamin K.Close
View Full Profile
from keeping time, to finding the thirds, to walking the bass to slapping
About Benjamin
*** Lesson Details ***
I'm a very laid back guy but I take my playing seriously. music is my life and there's nothing I enjoy sharing and expressing more. I learned to love playing guitar when I was 12 from the coolest guitar teacher ever. he had a vibe that i gravitated toward and encouraged me in just the right ways to get me believing in myself. I try to encourage my students the same way. music should be fun above all and sculpt my lessons to each students individual needs so that they are better equipped to succeed.
*** Travel Equipment ***
I expect them to provide guitar/bass/piano
*** Specialties ***
Jazz, Rock, Blues, Classic, Pop
· Ukulele · In home
· Guitar · In home
· Bass Guitar · In studio
Benjamin K.
Benjamin K.
About Andrew C.Close
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Fun and personalized lessons for aspiring bassists of all ages. Whether you are a complete beginner or advanced, my years of experience can show you a practical approach to learning music and exploring the bass guitar. Enjoy learning your favorite songs in a relaxed environment at my studio or online from the comfort of your own home. My students have many different musical tastes and lessons are always unique from person to person. Learn at your own pace. I build my program around your interests and goals. Become the musician you've always wanted to be and have fun doing it!
About Andrew
My lessons are available to anyone who wants to grow musically. They can be as simple or as challenging as you like. I move at your pace and strive for every lesson to be a fun and rewarding learning experience. Whethe
*** Studio Equipment ***
Music teaching room, amps, stands, effects pedals
*** Specialties ***
Rock, Jazz, Funk, Blues, R&B, Latin, Country, theory, improvisation, reading, learning songs, ear training, grooving and HAVING FUN.
· Guitar · Online
· Acoustic Guitar · Online
· Bass Guitar · Online
Andrew C.
Andrew C.
About Pete A.Close
View Full Profile
Becoming a proficient bass player involves so much more than just instrumental technique. A good bassist needs to be able to establish a groove. They need to be able to make a strong musical connection with their drummer. In many ways, the bass player is responsible for making the entire band sound good. This, along with a strong emphasis on technique, is the central focus of the curriculum that I use to teach bass guitar.
About Pete
In 2011, I successfully obtained my master's degree in Jazz Studies from the University of the Arts in Philadelphia. The master's program was an intense submersion in music performance that shaped me into the musician that I am today. I was lucky to study with Don Glanden, Mike Kennedy, and Kevin Hanson.
I am also well versed in computer recording software and DAWs. I teach students how to use software programs such as Logic and Reason as well as notation software like Sibelius and Finale. With some basic training in these programs, I can teach a student how to effectively record and produce professional quality recordings so that a student can write, record, and produce their own music.
*** Lesson Details ***
Because I've studied with some legendary teachers who have taught some legendary students (like John Mayer), I'm able to pass on to my students the same knowledge that these incredible teachers passed on to me. I guarantee that I will be unlike any guitar teacher that you've had before. Along with instrumental training, I offer extensive lessons in music theory and ear training. My family is full of educators and I've experienced the teacher-student relationship from a young age. I am fully committed to developing lesson plans based on the route that a student wants to take, whether it's just learning the basics and playing along to your favorite songs or engaging in serious study and preparing for college auditions. I am available to teach at any location within the Philadelphia area.
*** Stylistic Focus ***
I specialize in jazz and blues. At Berklee, I was able to take instrumental labs that spent an entire semester focusing on the playing style of certain guitarists. I've taken the Wes Montgomery lab, the Pat Martino lab, the Jimi Hendrix lab, the John Scofield lab, and the Stevie Ray Vaughan lab.
· Acoustic Guitar · In studio
· Guitar · In studio
· Acoustic Guitar · In studio
Pete A.
Pete A.
About Victoria W.Close
I've been teaching bass for 8 years. I tailor lesson plans to help each individual student reach his or her goals. I teach the importance of groove and locking in with a kick drum when playing in bands, and believe a good foundation in proper technique makes for the best bass players.
About Victoria
I've toured all over the country with acts such as Talain Rayne and played bass on his album "Attic Lights." I also completed an internship in Nashville, TN with hit songwriter, Kate York.
For the past five years, I've played with the band Element K (under Shore Bets booking agency) as the lead
I love music and the role it has played in shaping my life. I value the experiences and wisdom passed on to me by my music mentors and instructors, who not only had a meaningful impact on my music career but also immensely influenced my development as a person.
I look forward to having that same positive impact on any student I instruct :)
*** Lesson Details ***
I like lessons to be, first and foremost, an enjoyable experience for everyone involved. I try to create a laid back and comfortable learning environment for all my students. Music is fun, and I guarantee that there will be plenty of good times while taking lessons!
Now, let me also clarify that my positive attitude and laid back demeanor are not excuses for students to be undisciplined and uncommitted. I promise to work hard toward your development as a musician to make you the best you can be, and I appreciate the same commitment from all of my students.
Music should be enjoyable, but also rewarding and enriching to your life! I don't want to sell that short!
Below is a basic rundown of what a student can expect to learn while under my instruction. I would first like to preface this information by saying that I fully recognize that every student is different; therefore, I tailor lessons to fit an individual's needs and goals. Because of this, the priority of certain skills tends to vary from one student to another, as does the order in which this skills are taught. I also want to note that I tend to use some self-made resources (charts, explanations, etc) in addition to published books. Taking into consideration the aforementioned variables, here is the basic rundown of the material I try to cover with students, in the general order it is taught:
-Understanding of guitar parts (anatomy of the instrument) and basic terms (ie note, chord, etc).
-Names of strings (E-string, B-string, etc.) and corresponding numbers for strings (1-6), and which fingers are given what numbers.
-Tuning of the instrument
-Basic technique (how to finger a fret board, hold guitar, hold pick, etc).
-How to find notes on the fret board/chromatic
-Basic rhythm concepts and counting (whole notes, quarter notes, time signatures, etc)—usually involves clapping exercise, single note playing exercises, reading rhythm charts, and learning what different note values look like.
-Basic concepts of "keys"
-Basic major and minor scales (especially for "warming up")
-Chords (mostly basic open chords)
-Learning songs to put concepts together
For more advanced students, we will likely get into the following:
-Power chords, bar chords, and complex chords beyond majors and minors.
-Scales beyond basic majors and minors
-Music theory (chord construction, modes, etc).
-Knowledge of gear (for those guitarist who wish to branch out to electric guitar)—bass players will already have to know some of this before moving to more advanced work since they already require an amp.
-How to play with other musicians and instruments (collaboration, listening, understanding each instrument's part, etc).
[To give students a basic timeline for these skills, one can expect to be playing open chords within three months and probably their favorite songs within 6 months]
-Review slides about basic song structure and anatomy of songs (verse, hook, etc)
-lyric and vocal phrasing
-finding your voice as a writer
-exploring environments and conditions that foster one's creativity for writing songs (preference for outdoors, quite secluded spaces, etc).
-Breathing/relaxation exercises
-Movement/watching footage of self
-Watching footage of others
-Acting/stage exercises to get out of your head and into your body
-learning common problems with live performances and becoming comfortable with fast, on-the-spot trouble shooting (and how to avoid some problems before they begin).
-Finding your stage voice, both in singing and speaking.
-Developing your stage persona
*** Studio Equipment ***
Lessons in the living room
Equipped with guitars, bass amp, guitar amp, guitar cables, and tuner.
*** Travel Equipment ***
Student should provide his or her own guitar (and amps when applicable)
*** Specialties ***
I'm currently a professional musician that sings and plays guitar and bass for pop and rock music. We perform in front of thousands of people each week so I'm very comfortable giving live performance instruction as well.
· Guitar · In studio
· Guitar · In home
· Guitar · In studio
Victoria W.
Victoria W.
About Tim W.Close
View Full Profile
Focus on developing strong fundamentals of technique and reading while exploring different styles of music.
About Tim
Lessons are available on upright bass, electric bass, improvisation, music theory, and ear training at all ability levels and all ages, from absolute beginners to high school students preparing for college auditions to adults. Some of my students have been accepted to various regional orchestras and jazz bands, and I'm very proud of their hard work.
While having an outl
· Bass Guitar · In studio
· Bass Guitar · In studio
Tim W.
Tim W.
About Collin D.Close
Students will learn the fundamentals of bass playing technique such as note reading, posture, groove, and dexterity exercises. Students will be exposed to various styles of music and bass playing and will be encouraged to bring in material from music they enjoy. As students learn and accumulate repertoire, they will be exposed to different performance techniques, ear training exercises, and improvisation skills. Students will be encouraged to improvise their own grooves in lessons as we cover different styles of music and the virtuosic bass players that made them groove!
About Collin
I earned my Bachelor of Music degree in Professional Music with a concentrate in Music Education and Performance at Berklee College of Music in 2014. I currently play in rock bands Ellen Siberian Tiger and Mother Moses, and with Boston-based Bangla pop singer Prithwiraj Choudhury.
I have had experience playing a wide variety of styles of music including rock, folk, Afro-Cuban, Brazilian, jazz, funk, blues, and R&B. I teach beginner level piano, trombone and drums, beginner to intermediate guitar, vocals and upright bass, and all levels of electric bass playing. I like to connect my students so tha
· Acoustic Guitar · In home
· Acoustic Guitar · In home
· Piano · In studio
Collin D.
Collin D.
About Lenny R.Close
I am first and foremost a guitarist. However, I have spent a lot of time playing bass for rock bands, punk bands, and an african band. In addition, my training in classical guitar means that I am well equipped to teach fingerstyle bass because the technique is exactly the same.
About Lenny
While studying with me we will work on many facets of music including technique, sight reading, critical listening, music theory, improvisation, and how to apply these skills to a piece of music to truly express yourself. My goal is to instill a deep understanding of music to my students while letting their individual sensibilities show.
STYLES: I can teach all styles of American music (i.e Rock, Blues, Country, Jazz, R&B etc.) as well as classical and fingerstyle.
I have a degree in classical
I have experience playing in many different bands in many styles including: Rock, Reggae, African, Blues, and Jazz groups.
SUZUKI METHOD: I am trained and certified in the Suzuki Guitar Method and spent 3 years teaching Suzuki in studio with children as young as 5. This involves a significant parent-teacher-student commitment and regularly yields impressive results.
ON TALENT: I agree with Shin-ichi Suzuki that talent is irrelevant and a myth. I believe that the potential of all my students are the same but they come to me with various starting skills levels and all learn at a very different pace. I believe that the myth of "talent" really just means that the individual has had a long exposure to music. This is why I emphasize critical listening in my lessons. If you have a large knowledge of music and sounds in your head it makes it easier to make connections and better assess your ideas.
· Guitar · In studio
· Blues Guitar · In studio
· Acoustic Guitar · In studio
Lenny R.
Lenny R.
About Malcolm H.Close
View Full Profile
My students feel like rockstars, because my lessons are both fun and educational.
I provide a clear lesson plan complete with goals, achievement levels, and performance opportunities.
I use a song-based teaching method to get students started on music they love.
I do not overbook myself to ensure that I can give each and every student the attention they deserve.
I believe in the power of music as a vehicle to teach life skills.
About Malcolm
Malcolm began studying guitar at the age of nine, started his first rock band by the age of 10, and has been performing ever since. His studies began at the Perkins Center for the Arts and continued with Leighann Narum through the Mason Gross Extension Division. Malcolm then went on to pursue degrees in both Communications and Classical Guitar Performance at Rutgers University/Mason Gross School of the Arts. He continues to study under the guidance of world-renowned guitarist/composer Jorge Caballero.
In addition to classical training, Malcolm is also a seasoned rock musician. Having the experience of playing in rock bands for over 15 years has provided him with a "College of Rock and Roll Knowledge" type of education.
Malcolm taught at the School of Rock in East Brunswick from 2016-2018 and recently founded Giants and Music. He has taught over 2000 lessons.
· Guitar · In home
Malcolm H.
Malcolm H.
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The average cost of 60-minute bass guitar lessons in Glenside is $57. While the exact cost will vary depending on the teacher, type of lesson, and your location, you should expect to spend anywhere between $55 and $60 per hour.
$37 average
$47 average
$57 average
For the best experience, we typically recommend 60-minute bass guitar lessons. However, students looking for a more affordable option may want to consider a shorter lesson length of 45 or 30 minutes. On average, 45-minute bass guitar lessons are 18% less expensive at $47, and 30-minute lessons cost 36% less at $37.
Curious how much bass guitar lessons cost in your area? Do a quick search to get local prices for the best bass guitar teachers near Glenside.
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Students are raving about their Bass Guitar instructors on TakeLessons. Check out some of these recent reviews.
Andrew is an amazing musician and bassist. He can instruct in all components of bass playing: music theory, technique,
Andrew was my first bass teacher and I think that he's still one of the best teachers I've had. I had already been playing for a
Andrew was extremely patient and very knowledgable. When we were learning things I was unfamiliar with (I.e. Modes, syncopation, reading, etc.), not only did he explain these things completely, but he then showed me how to use them in the real world. He taught me effective practicing routines, helped me with my horrible left and right hand technique, and showed me that theory really isn't as scary as it sounds.
I'm now living in Nashville pursuing the whole music thing. I don't think I would have been as successful down here without Andrew's help. Loved our lessons! Thanks, dude!"
He will go at your pace and make sure he is focusing on what you really want to accomplish. not to mention he is an actual
I personally don't think you could go wrong with a teacher like Andrew."
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Posted: Mon 10 Oct 2011, 05:53
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tempestuous wrote:
ldolse wrote:
I believe DLNA/RAOP will allow lossless audio to be transmitted across the network
True. Compared to some other streaming protocols and proprietary devices that might be considered impressive, but by MPD standards that's no big deal! The built-in HTTP streaming of MPD allows
valid audio format. In this regard, MPD's built-in streaming should be considered
ie. the same standard as the source audio files.
This has ramifications for high-resolution audio files: MPD will happily stream them, but your network might not cope with the data rate, especially over wifi!!
For example I anticipate obtaining at least some of my music in the future as 192kHz/24bit flac files. These might be difficult to stream over wifi, and it might be necessary to have some form of wrapper script which will automatically activate LADSPA to
high-resolution files in streaming output situations.
Yes, any greater than 24/48 on wifi is probably not going to be pretty
When more users get to that point I guess we'll need to ask for some down-sampling features - probably doable already if you create dedicated outputs, but it would be nice to allow dynamic sample rate switching up to a certain value and stopping there.
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Joined: 29 Dec 2011
Posts: 3
Posted: Thu 29 Dec 2011, 04:32
Post subject:
First of all, congratulations for the good work. I have often wished there were such a project, and now I am trying to test whether it will suit me completely.
I am using an old HP laptop with WinXP on it, booting from a CD. It didn't work for me "out-of-the-box", but I have some experience with linux and mpd and hope to get it going finally, maybe with a little help.
Currently I am at a stage where mpd refuses to start because it can't find files under /mnt/home/mpd. I guess this is where the filesystem created at install time on the XP NTFS C:\ should be mounted, but it is not. Instead the actual NTFS drive is visible at /mnt/home, together with the .2fs and .sfs files created at 'installation' time. I might have done something wrong - but what?
I know from experience that in cases like that it is usually best to start over. I guess for this I have to delete the two files created and boot the CD again. I'll try this soon. Is there another/better way to start all over again?
One more note. In my case I have the music on the laptop's hard drive and I plan to use the NTFS drive (D:, /dev/sda2) as a music directory. I hope that won't be difficult to setup, but it would be nice to have this option in the configuration wizard - actually it seems to me the more natural scenario to have the HDD with your music attached to the always-on audio server, instead of having another machine always on and rely on the network.
And finally - or should I have started with it - is this still the best place to discuss mpdPup?
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Joined: 23 Oct 2009
Posts: 365
Posted: Thu 29 Dec 2011, 10:10
Post subject:
Hi, Thanks for giving things a shot with this. The 'out of the box' experience only works if you follow the instructions using a USB stick or some sort of bootable flash drive. /mnt/home/mpd is automatically created in that situation.
Doing what you've done from CD is possible, but you need to create an mpd directory on your actual filesystem manually, and I haven't tested extensively how this directory will show up to Puppy Linux in this scenario - based on your description it sounds like it worked as I would expect - you say you're seeing your C drive files under /mnt/home, correct? If this is the case just create an mpd folder and an mpd/playlists folder in the root of your C drive.
The logic behind all this btw is that the files Puppy Linux creates are all read-only - the actual MPD database lives outside the file system in read-write land - if we can get it working it would be on your C drive, which sounds like it should work fine.
You'll also need a couple tweaks to handle the music all on your D: drive - at the moment mpdPup is hard-coded to expect the files will be on a network share - another item on my to-do list is get local storage working with the setup wizards. I think you'll need to add /dev/sda2 to your /etc/fstab file so it's automatically mounted when your system boots up. - if you have this automount to /mnt/music it would basically work with the wizards and you probably won't need to edit mpd.conf manually. Let me know if you need more help with editing the fstab file.
May I ask what you actually did to get mpdPup installed on your C drive? Did you go through the Puppy Linux frugal install process and you're getting some sort of GRUB/Lilo boot manager now? It's actually been on my to-do list to document how a user would go about doing exactly what you've just done, and possibly update the frugal install scripts to automatically create /mnt/home/mpd in that case.
And this is the best place for support queries at the moment, yes.
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Joined: 29 Dec 2011
Posts: 3
Posted: Thu 29 Dec 2011, 12:23
Post subject:
Thanks for the help!
Manually creating the mpd directories on the /dev/sda1 NTFS partition worked and now mpd starts OK. Still I believe it should somehow get into the pup_save filesystem and not 'polute' the windows volume.
I also added /dev/sda2 mounting at /mnt/music to fstab, deleting the wizard-created line, and it also works.
I'll continue playing and testing and will come back here if necessary. Two questions pop up immediately:
-- would it be possible to have some web-based mpd client running on the same box in order to make it a complete solution requiring only a web browser to control
-- is there some possibility for suspend/hibernate to be able to turn off the device with quicker resume
I didn't install mpdPup on the hard drive, I am booting from a CD. I am only keeping the .sfs and .2fs files on the hard drive, in the NTFS partition. I am testing and evaluating for now, I might actually try to install it later on.
I knew nothing about Puppy Linux, so I had to do some reading. The architecture seems to be very elegant when it works, but harder to debug when not. It seems to me there is a general problem in my scenario as the PUPMODE is 13, while according to what I read it should be 12. Or maybe I have to do some more reading...
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Joined: 23 Oct 2009
Posts: 365
Posted: Thu 29 Dec 2011, 12:46
Post subject:
emilt wrote:
Manually creating the mpd directories on the /dev/sda1 NTFS partition worked and now mpd starts OK. Still I believe it should somehow get into the pup_save filesystem and not 'polute' the windows volume. With the read-only fiileystem design it's not generally possible to avoid polluting the save file drive (unless you have a very static music library that you only update rarely). Putting your save file on a USB flash drive would put /mnt/home on the flash drive, so that would be one option I can think of.
I also added /dev/sda2 mounting at /mnt/music to fstab, deleting the wizard-created line, and it also works.
Excellent, glad to hear it's working! Regarding polluting the C drive, that's basically required because of the read-only file system design mpdPup is using - anything which needs to be dynamically written to needs to be outside the Puppy filesystem. If your music library is basically static it would be possible to move the MPD folder into the filesystem under /root/, but any updates to the DB would need to be manually sync'd to the save file on disk. Another option would be to put the save file on a USB flash drive - /mnt/home will then map to the flash drive instead of the C drive.
emilt wrote:
-- would it be possible to have some web-based mpd client running on the same box in order to make it a complete solution requiring only a web browser to control
It's completely possible, but most of the existing web GUIs require PHP to be installed - I haven't gotten around to building that for mpdPup/Lighttpd, but it's on my to-do list over the next couple months. If you wanted it more urgently I imagine there is probably a .pet somewhere on these forums you could hack to get working.
emilt wrote:
-- is there some possibility for suspend/hibernate to be able to turn off the device with quicker resume
I dabbled with this a while back and never had much luck - I think the older kernel that this build is using may not have great support for it. Bootup is pretty quick if you're booting from a hard disk or flash, so it hasn't been too much of an issue for me, but it's something I'm also planning to dig into - the build I'm working on now uses the 2.6.39 kernel, so it may be more doable.
emilt wrote:
I didn't install mpdPup on the hard drive, I am booting from a CD. I am only keeping the .sfs and .2fs files on the hard drive, in the NTFS partition. I am testing and evaluating for now, I might actually try to install it later on.
I knew nothing about Puppy Linux, so I had to do some reading. The architecture seems to be very elegant when it works, but harder to debug when not. It seems to me there is a general problem in my scenario as the PUPMODE is 13, while according to what I read it should be 12. Or maybe I have to do some more reading...
Ah, ok - just booting off the CD makes more sense then. The reason for forcing PupMode 13 is to guarantee the filesystem is read only, this way you don't need to worry about graceful shutdowns - treat the system just like any other piece of stereo gear. It also makes the whole system run completely from RAM, which is good if you're trying to take local disk access out of the equation during playback. Puppy Linux takes a bit of getting used to because of the whole layered filesystem concept, but once you understand that things start making more sense. Pupmode 12 makes the save file read/write, which then requires proper 'safe' shutdowns to avoid the risk of kernel panics from corrupted filesystems.
Check out the
How Puppy Works
article for some good background info.
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Joined: 29 Dec 2011
Posts: 3
Posted: Thu 29 Dec 2011, 14:36
Post subject:
I am a little confused now.
Obviously the filesystem is not completely read-only now, because then I wouldn't be able to save and keep my changes to /etc/fstab.
If I understand right, you are somehow (how?) forcing PUPMODE 13 in a situation where it would default to 12, and this is in order to avoid corrupting the filesystem when not properly shut down.
Am I right to suppose that if the PUPMODE were 12, then the savefile's filesystem would have been mounted at /mnt/home instead of the host drive? And the system would work fine as long as it is always shut down properly and the savefile is re-written to disk?
I am not sure if I have the time, but I would like to start looking at some things in more detail(php, power management, configuration). Would you be interested in sharing your working build so that I or anyone else could help with testing and maybe more?
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Joined: 23 Oct 2009
Posts: 365
Posted: Thu 29 Dec 2011, 15:18
Post subject:
Sorry about confusing things
, Let's see if I can clarify:
The filesystem is actually read/write all the time, but any changes you make are only sitting in RAM unless you manually save them to the save file. Changes made in top level RAM layer of the file system are only committed to disk when you run the 'save2flash' command - this syncs any changed files in RAM to the actual savefile on your C drive (or wherever it's stored). Save2flash is run at the end of the mpdPup setup wizard and also when you do a graceful shutdown using the shutdown/reboot commands. The current version queries you whether you want to save the changes, but I think I'm going to go back to automatically saving the changes any time someone actually shuts down/restarts from the CLI.
The desktop oriented versions of Puppy Linux make the above automatic - generally by mounting the save file at the top layer of the file system instead of RAM (Pupmode 12), or periodically syncing the savefile (default desktop oriented PUPMODE 13). I've made mpdPup a little different in the attempt to make it more like an appliance and also more audiophile oriented.
As you correctly inferred, I do force PUPMODE 13 during the boot process,. This is not a trivial thing to change for the livecd (though not terribly difficult to change on your system once you understand the process, I can dig up a link with instructions if need be)
Even in PUPMODE 12 the save file needs to sit somewhere outside the original Puppy filesystem (the .sfs file), as that's a squashfs file and is truly read only - the .2fs file is just an ext2 filesystem in a file that is read/write. That's why you have the two files on your C drive - the .sfs was optional, but the wizard prompted you to copy it there to speed reboots - you could safely delete this file and the system would go back to fully using the CD to boot. The .2fs file can't be removed though as that's where all your changes/config are stored.
I've preferred this approach over systems where you need to manually mount/remount the filesystem in read/write mode - e.g. Voyage linux, since it takes most of the burden of understanding filesystem handling off the end user.
If you really want the C drive to be clean I strongly recommend taking a USB flash stick and dedicating it to this until you're ready for a more complete installation - the first post provides the install instructions using unetbootin. This way everything stays on the flash drive and all you need to do is make sure your BIOS gives USB boot priority - if USB boot isn't supported you can still keep all the files on the USB flash instead of the C drive.
I'm happy to share the in progress build - I've done a lot of work with that build to make it easier for others to hack on. I'll upload it later today and PM you the link - it's nearly ready for release, real life has just gotten in the way of my hobbies the last month or so - need to finish a couple init scripts. I'm also thinking about getting a repository uploaded so others can build their own system from scratch and contribute changes back - still a lot on the to-do list.
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Joined: 16 Jan 2012
Posts: 6
Posted: Mon 16 Jan 2012, 12:37
Post subject: Thanx
Hi Idolse,
after several days of trying to get Voyage Linux to Work, I was very happy to find your solution. It took half an hour to get mpdpup to run. Actually I'm running it on three ITX devices to stream music in each room.
By configuring the mpd build-in http-stream, I have something about 500ms difference between the boxes. Do also know the problem? Is there a way to fix this by adjusting the buffer size? Or is there a different way to synchronise multiple mpd devices. With running Sonos there is no hearable delay between the devices.
It would be an advantage to make it really perfect.
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Joined: 23 Oct 2009
Posts: 365
Posted: Mon 16 Jan 2012, 19:10
Post subject:
Glad to hear it's working for you. It might help if you described what you're trying to do in a bit more detail - are you saying that one of your boxes is actually an mpd server, and the other systems are consuming the http output of the first as a radio station?
This is the only discussion on synchronizing outputs that I've seen, which indicates it's an acknowledged issue, but more along the lines of a feature request:
If you're using HTTP as described I would think that might help work around those issues, but it's possible network latency is causing more difficulty.
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Joined: 23 Oct 2009
Posts: 365
Posted: Tue 17 Jan 2012, 16:31
Post subject: 0.9.2 Released!
Subject description: Smart Shuffle, Remote Controls, New Base OS & More
I'm pleased to announce after a long hiatus that a new release is ready. I'm quite excited about this release overall.
Major Changes:
Smart shuffle functions built in courtesy of
mpd sima
Support for platforms using Soundgraph iMon remote control & LCD via
New base OS, mpdPup is now a Woof built dpup, finalized using Iguleder's remaster scripts. 2.6.39-4 Kernel with the BFS scheduler patch.
~30MB file size reduction.
a new Devx file for anyone who wants to hack on or contribute to mdpPup
Completely refactored setup wizards
Local Storage for audio data is now supported (this is new and has some limitations)
Volume & Equalizer preferences can be configured using the wizards.
LCD & Remote Control preference wizards, also playlist hotkey assignment.
Several other system settings can be changed from the setup wizard such as date/time, etc.
Config files are automatically modified for any advertised feature
Other Changes
mpd 0.16.6
libmdpclient 2.6
Latest secure version of SSHd
nano is built in so you don't need to learn vi if you're editing from the CLI
Many others I've forgotten
Right now empcd, lcdproc, and the wizards are set up to work with Soundgraph iMon LCD/Remotes which are popular with a lot of OEM case manufacturers, but all the infrastructure is there for supporting any LCD or event input device. Let me know other ways of using these functions that would potentially apply to other users and I can update the wizards/config files to accommodate those use cases.
I patched empcd to handle the multimedia keys that are in use on the iMon remote control and other multimedia devices. My changes are posted on Github
, as I haven't received any replies from the original empcd author.
Refer to the first post in this thread for download links.
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Joined: 16 Jan 2012
Posts: 6
Posted: Mon 23 Jan 2012, 18:12
Post subject:
Yes, exactly.
One MPD device should stream to others via http.
Its not a big deal, because usually you put different boxes in different rooms. So even on a party situation it should work fine.
From other people, which use the Sonos system I've learned that there is no hearable latancy between two boxes. And Sonos uses a special way of wifi.
I thought that if I use mutliple mpd devices that are connected to a wired lan, they should also work synchonous.
btw: I also have an USB Headset configured as a second output device. There is also a small latancy between the audio jack and the usb device...
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Joined: 23 Oct 2009
Posts: 365
Posted: Wed 25 Jan 2012, 11:22
Post subject:
jonnyc wrote:
Yes, exactly.
One MPD device should stream to others via http.
Its not a big deal, because usually you put different boxes in different rooms. So even on a party situation it should work fine.
From other people, which use the Sonos system I've learned that there is no hearable latancy between two boxes. And Sonos uses a special way of wifi.
I thought that if I use mutliple mpd devices that are connected to a wired lan, they should also work synchonous.
btw: I also have an USB Headset configured as a second output device. There is also a small latancy between the audio jack and the usb device...
Ok - sounds like you have it configured as good as it's going to get for now. I think you'll need to petition the actual mpd development team for any further improvements, they tend to watch the mailing list and the bug tracker most closely. I'm guessing the Sonos systems must use NTP to keep their clocks synchronized and then include some timing data about when to play what in the streams themselves, and mpd doesn't have any of that today.
Glad it's working for you overall.
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Joined: 12 Sep 2008
Posts: 717
Location: Down-Under in South Oz
Posted: Thu 26 Jan 2012, 09:20
Post subject: Forget MegaUpload for file-hosting!
** FYI ~ Files are no longer available on MegaUpload, as the site has been shut down and the owner arrested on various piracy-related charges in NZ. **
Check your PMs, Idolse, i'm happy to offer hosting for your puppy files, so they don't end up somewhere in the cyber-nether-regions
Puppy is a wonderful resource and should be protected
The mud-elephant, wading thru the sea, leaves no tracks..
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Joined: 14 Oct 2005
Posts: 6730
Location: Earth
Posted: Sat 28 Jan 2012, 20:03
Post subject: Cannot find MPD LIve media (CD/DVD)
Great to hear of newest release.
Is there an LIveCD ISO? I cannot find an ISO (only SFS).
Thanks in advance
Get ACTIVE Create Circles; Do those good things which benefit people's needs!
We are all related ... Its time to show that we know this!
3 Different Puppy Search Engines
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Joined: 23 Oct 2009
Posts: 365
Posted: Sun 29 Jan 2012, 01:51
Post subject:
Here's the link from the first post, will try to make it clearer later.
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text:
America has been debating the role of women in combat since 1779.
That's when the Continental Congress first awarded a military disability pension to Mary Corbin after she manned a cannon in the Revolutionary War at the battle of Fort Washington in New York. Corbin got only half the pension male soldiers received, but she asked for — and received — the full ration of rum.
Today, as the Pentagon decides how to remove the combat exclusion, women still have trouble getting fully recognized for what they've achieved at war.
"Are women in combat?" asks Staff Sgt. Jessica Keown. "Hell, yes."
Keown was a combat medic in Iraq and then pulled patrols with a female engagement team, or FET, in Logar, Afghanistan, last year. She accompanied Special Forces raids and infantry dismounts through dozens of firefights.
"It got to the point where you're doing a patrol and they start shooting at you — right next to your head, that whizzing sound," says Sgt. Jaclyn O'Shea, who served in the same unit. "And you're just like, you get used to it."
Little Recognition
Back home, however, female soldiers don't always get acknowledged for what they've accomplished — especially because the official prohibition on women in combat is still on the books.
O'Shea says she's sometimes reluctant to wear her hard-earned Combat Action Badge because people will see that she's a woman and assume she got the badge by sleeping inside a fortified base while rockets flew overhead.
But the military seems to have come around to women's value. While the Pentagon is re-examining the combat exclusion rule, Army Special Operations Command has set up a permanent corps of female soldiers to go out on missions.
The military has found that women have the physical stamina and haven't disrupted cohesion in male units. Most importantly, they're mentally tough and don't break under fire.
"They fired upon us so we would return fire. The training kicked in and I think it registered that I'm actually shooting at a live breathing person and then it was instinct — that feeling, I go home and they die," says Sgt. Alyssa Corcoran, from the same FET team. "It was pretty much my life or my friend's life — or them."
Corcoran did come home, but she came home angry. She would blow up at her friends and family over nothing. And she couldn't really get her head out of combat mode.
"I had nightmares, I couldn't sleep. I was in high alert, ready to go," she says. "I'd wake up in the middle of the night and actually think that I was getting ready for a mission."
Post-traumatic stress disorder hits 20 to 30 percent of veterans who serve in Iraq and Afghanistan. It's still early to say whether it affects women differently than men. Corcoran's family pushed her to get professional help and says she's doing better.
But the whole idea of battle-fatigued female soldiers is new, and American society is not yet comfortable with the thought that women can be traumatized, gravely wounded, or lost.
A Father's Grief
Cedric Gordon, a deputy police chief in St. Petersburg, Fla., says it never really hit home that his daughter, Brittany, was at war until she sent him a Father's Day card that featured a photo of her in full battle gear, with a flak jacket and rifle. Brittany deployed to Kandahar last year as an Army intelligence analyst. She still kept in touch with her dad through letters and phone calls.
"She'd always call and ask me my opinion," he says. "I could always tell when she was serious, 'Dad do you have a minute?' "
Last year, on Saturday, Oct. 13, when Spc. Brittany Gordon missed a regular call, her father didn't think much of it. The phone lines sometimes went down.
She had recently told him that she was going on missions outside the base. She was on a mission that day to meet with Afghan intelligence north of Kandahar.
But one of the agents was wearing a suicide vest; his target appeared to be a senior Afghan official. A small piece of shrapnel hit Gordon just below the edge of her Kevlar helmet, killing her.
"Funny story is, she wasn't even supposed to be out on the mission. She had been out a lot," says Chief Warrant Officer 2 Gary McCabe, who was in Kandahar with Gordon.
Gordon had flourished on deployment, and McCabe says she was doing the work of a soldier several grades above her rank. She had a high emotional intelligence, one of her officers said. And she loved getting outside the wire to see Afghanistan.
"We were going to send somebody else; he had never been out before," McCabe says. "She would mentor him, teach him [to] deal with Afghan officials."
So in the end, she had gone on that patrol.
"I try to tell myself often Brittany is heaven, and heaven is such a nice place that even if she could come down here on Earth and spend time with her dad she wouldn't," Cedric Gordon said as he packed up his daughter's effects after a military funeral. "So that's how I give myself comfort."
Gordon has another daughter in the Air Force and a son in the Army. It's different with daughters, he says. He realized that when he went to Dover Air Force Base in Delaware to receive Brittany's coffin.
A bus carried him and another family out to the hangar, and Gordon says he forgot his own pain for a moment. The other family was a wife and young kids who'd lost their father, her husband. When they reached the hangar, the young widow was too distraught to get out of the bus. He realized that his anguish was different: He felt guilty.
"I wonder sometimes if that's the depth of my grief because I always felt like I should be there to protect her, you know, as a father," Gordon says.
Of course, Spc. Brittany Gordon, with her body armor and rifle, didn't need his protection. And he was proud that she pushed limits for what women are doing in the military.
Still, he feels like he should have been able to do something to save her.
"I think that's the way you feel about your daughters," Gordon says, "whether they're in the military or not."
Might be surprising to learn that the United States has debated the role of women in the military almost from the beginning of this country. During the Revolutionary War, Margaret Corbin manned a cannon during the Battle of Fort Washington, in New York. She became the first woman to receive a military pension. It was half of what men got, but she did get the full veterans' rum ration.
Today, the debate is about whether women should be allowed to fire a cannon. The military is looking to open up more ground combat jobs, but women are already coming under fire in Iraq and Afghanistan; and they're coming home as combat veterans.
INSKEEP: NPR's Quil Lawrence begins a week of reports about these women with the roles they are playing on the battlefield today.
STAFF SGT. JESSICA KEOWN: Are women in combat? Hell, yes. Flat out...
SGT. ALYSSA CORCORAN: I remember laying in the ground. We didn't exactly know where the gunfire was coming from...
SGT. JACLYN O'SHEA: It got to the point where they start shooting at you and you're just like, aw - you know, like you just get used to it...
CAPT. KATHRYN KATZ: The first mission I was on was the hardest. It was a 72-hour mission over terrain that ranged from flat to hilly to mountainous. But at no point did I ever think once, I can't do this.
QUIL LAWRENCE, BYLINE: Those four women - Army sergeants Jessica Keown, Alyssa Corcoran, Jaclyn O'Shea; and Capt. Kathryn Katz - all accompanied infantry and special forces missions in Afghanistan. [POST-BROADCAST CLARIFICATION: Keown's rank is staff sergeant.] There and in Iraq, the front lines were never defined. So even truck drivers and clerks got rocketed and mortared just like everyone else. But these women were doing combat patrols. There's Sgt. Jaclyn O'Shea. She did two tours in Afghanistan. That meant marching a 70-pound rucksack on missions that could last for days.
O'SHEA: This, including the full basic load and the ruck. Right here, I would have my magazines, smoke grenades or flash bangs.
LAWRENCE: Then there's Alyssa Corcoran. She deployed with O'Shea on a female engagement team based in Logar, Afghanistan, in 2011.
CORCORAN: The very first patrol I remember, we walked about seven miles to a village and started talking to the locals, to find out if there was any known Taliban in the area. And on our way out, we were walking through one of their fields; and we got into a tick.
LAWRENCE: Tick is military slang for getting shot at.
CORCORAN: We were pinned down for about 20 minutes. We didn't exactly know where the gunfire was coming from. It actually sounded like firecrackers right above your head.
LAWRENCE: Sgt. Corcoran says on the 50 or 75 missions she did, firefights were routine. This isn't the infantry. In fact, these female engagement teams were invented to do hearts and minds - outreach - especially among Afghan women, who male soldiers can't talk to. That also meant they started picking up lots of information - so much that special forces teams started requesting that female soldiers join their night raids on Taliban targets.
COMMAND SGT. MAJ. MIKE HALL: We quickly realized how effective these women were.
LAWRENCE: Mike Hall was the command sergeant major of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, from 2009 to 2010. Hall and the commanding general at the time, Stanley McChrystal, decided to stretch the no-women-in-combat rule so they could get at the intel they'd been missing.
HALL: So Gen. McChrystal and I started pushing that back to U.S. forces - say listen, you need to find women willing to do this. Get them out there, and get them with the units; the infantry, the armor, the folks who are actually on the ground.
LAWRENCE: U.S. Army special operations command has created a core of female soldiers to go out on its missions. Hall says they don't disrupt cohesion in male units. They have the physical stamina, and they're mentally tough and don't break under fire.
CORCORAN: It was pretty much my life or one of my friend's lives, or them. It was either me come home to my family, or die.
LAWRENCE: Alyssa Corcoran did come home, but she came home angry. She would blow up at her friends and family over nothing. And she couldn't really get her head out of combat mode.
CORCORAN: I had nightmares. I couldn't sleep. I would be like, on high alert. I would be ready to go. I would wake up in the middle of the night and actually think that I was getting ready for a mission.
LAWRENCE: Post-traumatic stress disorder hits 20, maybe 30 percent of veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Corcoran says she's doing better; her family pushed her to get professional help. But this is a new thing - the idea that women soldiers can be traumatized or gravely wounded, or lost.
CEDRIC GORDON: This is Brittany one Christmas, standing by the Christmas tree. That's Brittany when she was a little girl.
LAWRENCE: Cedric Gordon, a deputy police chief in St. Petersburg, Florida, has pictures of his daughter Brittany on every wall and table, from the time she was a kid to when she joined the Army.
GORDON: That's us at her graduation, at basic training. She had bought this shirt for me, and it says "My Daughter Wears Combat Boots."
LAWRENCE: Last year, Brittany deployed to Afghanistan with an Army intelligence unit. She phoned home as often as she could.
GORDON: She would always call and ask me my opinion. And I could always tell when she was serious. She'd say, Dad, do you have a minute?
LAWRENCE: Last October, Brittany missed her regular Saturday call, but Gordon didn't think much of it. But she had told him that she was going on missions outside the base. Chief Warrant Officer Gary McCabe served in Kandahar with Brittany Gordon. [POST-BROADCAST CLARIFICATION: McCabe's rank is chief warrant officer 2.]
CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 2 GARY MCCABE: Funny story is, she wasn't even supposed to go out on the mission. She had been out a lot, and we wanted to send somebody else. He had never been out before, and we wanted somebody to actually teach him how to interact with Afghans, and mentor him.
LAWRENCE: Gordon had flourished on deployment. McCabe says she was doing the work of a soldier several grades above her rank. And she loved getting outside the wire, to see Afghanistan. On Oct. 13, she choppered north of Kandahar to meet with Afghan intelligence officers, but one of them was wearing a suicide vest. He was apparently targeting a senior Afghan official. A small piece of shrapnel hit Spc. Gordon just below the edge of her Kevlar helmet.
GORDON: I try to tell myself often that Brittany is in heaven, and heaven is such a nice place as - even if she could come back down here on Earth and be with her dad, she wouldn't. That's how I give myself comfort.
LAWRENCE: Gordon has another daughter, in the Air Force, and a son in the Army. It's different with daughters, he says.
GORDON: I wonder sometimes if that's the depth of my grief because I always felt like I should be there to protect her, you know, as a father. I know this might sound weird, but I just felt like I couldn't do nothing. So (pauses) I think that's the way you feel about your daughters, whether they're in the military or not, you know. (Starts to cry.)
LAWRENCE: Now, Cedric Gordon is going through Brittany's personal effects, including all the flags and plaques and framed photos that came after.
GORDON: These are coins, and her dog tags and...
LAWRENCE: He's had her things on display all over the house, but his family is nudging him to pack most of it up. He'll keep the messages she left on his phone, though. He says sometimes, he still needs to hear her voice.
GORDON: Let's try this. This is Brittany.
SPC. BRITTANY GORDON: Hey, Daddy. It's me. I'll try to call you back in a couple minutes. Bye.
COMPUTERIZED VOICE: To erase this message...
LAWRENCE: Gordon says he doesn't feel angry at anyone. He just misses his daughter. At the same time, he's proud that she was pushing the limits for women in the Army. He says his daughter - Spc. Brittany Gordon - wouldn't have had it any other way. Quil Lawrence, NPR News.
MONTAGNE: Tomorrow, what it's like for families when a wife or a mother goes to war. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Receiving eight stitches above his right eye might have been painful, but it wasn't enough to keep Russell Westbrook from practicing his whirling dervish ways Monday night for the Oklahoma City Thunder.
Westbrook returned from the wound to finish with 24 points, nine assists and seven rebounds, Kevin Durant scored 30 points and the Thunder pulled away in the fourth quarter for a 114-96 win over the Phoenix Suns.
"When you see blood, you don't know what to do," Durant said of Westbrook. "I was glad he came back here and got stitched up and was able to play again. He came out there with a lot of anger and it showed on both ends of the floor. He pushed us over the top."
Oklahoma City extended its home-court winning streak to 12 games -- longest in the NBA -- and won on New Year's Eve for the fifth straight year since the franchise moved from Seattle. The Thunder closed 2012 by winning 15 of its last 17 games.
Luis Scola scored 24 points to lead Phoenix, which dropped its sixth straight game and fell to the Thunder for the seventh straight time. The Suns haven't beaten Oklahoma City since December 19, 2010.
Westbrook left the game late in the first half with a cut over his right eye that required stitches. In his absence, the Thunder started the second half with Reggie Jackson at point guard and went on a 12-0 run to seize control. Oklahoma City never trailed again, although Phoenix pulled within two points twice in the opening minutes of the fourth quarter.
"It was just energy," Durant said. "We just upped our energy level. We were moving the basketball so well. Everybody was touching it. We got good shots."
After missing about seven minutes of game time, Westbrook came straight from the locker room with tape above his eye, checked in with 6:24 left in the third quarter and went to work. He drew a foul and made both free throws, and after a two-handed dunk by Durant, Westbrook drilled a 17-foot jumper, then hit three free throws after being fouled behind the arc.
Westbrook then assisted on a basket by Serge Ibaka and followed with a 3-pointer to put Oklahoma City ahead 82-68, its biggest lead of the game, at the 3:44 mark.
"Russ is tough," Oklahoma City coach Scott Brooks said. "He competes. He does a lot of good things. Russell plays with a lot of emotion, a lot of toughness. He just plays hard. I'm so proud of the way he plays every night. He doesn't miss games. He doesn't miss practice. He just competes every time down the court.
"Like a lot of our guys, he's not always perfect, but his effort most nights is always good. Russell came back and gave us good effort and energy and toughness."
Scola had seven points in a 9-2 run by the Suns that pulled them within 84-78 by quarter's end, and Phoenix closed within 87-85 with 9:05 left on a basket by Jermaine O'Neal. But Nick Collison answered with a 16-foot jumper for the Thunder, and after a couple of empty possessions by both teams, Thabo Sefolosha's 3-pointer with 7:32 left put Oklahoma City up 92-85.
The Thunder put the game away with a 12-2 run, capped by a eight-foot floating jumper by Westbrook in the lane with 3:08 left to make it 104-89.
"I thought we played well up until the last five or six minutes of the game," Phoenix coach Alvin Gentry said. "I thought P.J. (Tucker) did about as good of a job as you can on Kevin (Durant). It's really difficult to think you're going to be able to stop the Thunder every single time with (Westbrook and Durant) on the court."
Durant recorded his 13th outing this season of 30 points or more, but had a poor shooting night, finishing 11-of-24 from the field. Westbrook, who has struggled with his shot in recent games, finished 7 of 16. Ibaka scored 16 points, Sefolosha added 14 points and Collison had 10 points and nine rebounds for the Thunder.
Goran Dragic added 16 points for Phoenix, while Marcin Gortat had 12 points and 10 rebounds and O'Neal had 12 points.
"We have a problem of closing out the games," Gortat said. "We just don't know how to execute in the last few minutes and we have to work on it. That's it."
The Thunder led 54-53 at halftime, but lost Westbrook temporarily after he was inadvertently elbowed while attempting a layup with 1:32 left in the half. Westbrook went down, bleeding from around his right eye, as no foul was called and play continued.
"It's just part of the game," Westbrook said of the injury. "Stuff like that happens and you've just got to be prepared for it."
The Suns stayed in the game in the half by shooting 51.2 percent from the field and 42.9 percent (6 of 14) from 3-point range. Sebastian Telfair hit three 3-pointers in four attempts in the first half but didn't score again.
Notes: The Thunder recalled first-round draft choice Perry Jones III and a pair of former Kentucky players, center Daniel Orton and guard DeAndre Liggins, from the Tulsa 66ers of the NBA Development League. ... The Suns have recorded 1,998 wins in franchise history and are all but assured of being the fourth-fastest franchise to reach the 2,000-win mark, trailing Boston, the Los Angeles Lakers and Philadelphia. Phoenix's next two games are Jan. 2 against Philadelphia and Jan. 4 against Utah, both at home ... Longtime Oklahoma Christian University professor, coach and administrator Max Dobson received the Devon Community Hero Award from the Thunder for his 37 years of teaching a class in which students work with special-needs children from Edmond Public Schools. Among those celebrating Dobson in a video shown during the ceremony was Oklahoma women's basketball coach Sherri Coale, whom Dobson recruited to OC in the early 1980s ... The Thunder recorded their 32nd straight sellout at Chesapeake Energy Arena, including 15 this season.


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Welcome disc golfer! You can login or create an account.
Questions? Call us: (785) 258-2494
The Innova Echo Star Mamba is a beginner friendly understable distance driver. It was designed to give maximum distance for minimal effort. The Mamba has more high speed turn than any other Innova long range driver. Throwing into a headwind is not recommended. For those with less driving speed, this disc golf driver will add distance. For those with medium speed drives, it will shape long lines for turnovers and straight shots, as well as hyzer flips and even big rolls.
It is a great choice for tailwind shots, turnover shots and it's an out-of-the-box roller! Highly recommended beginner friendly distance driver.
Speed 11, Glide 6, Turn -5, Fade 1
Diameter: 21.1 cm
Rim Width: 2.1 cm
Date of Approval: 01/22/12
About Echo Star in general - it is a blend of high-tech recycled plastic with a minimum of 80% and up to 100% pre-consumer plastic. It provides nearly the same durability as other Innova premium plastics with a superior grip, even better grip than the already grippy Star plastic. Echo Star has great characteristics and it's environmentally friendly too.
About Color and Weight Availability - This model may not be available in all colors. Likewise, each weight range may not be available in all colors. Therefore we ask you to list and prioritize your color preferences and to give us guidance if the color or weight range you want happens to not be available. Feel free to contact us if you need more specific info.
What others have said:
"The Star Mamba is very understable and turns easily. I think this is a good disc for many women and any player who is still developing arm speed." - Hannah Leatherman
"I use the Mamba for distance on my backhand drives. It is a great turnover disc!" - Jessica Weese
If you are looking for a disc with
more Speed, try the Wahoo, Tern, TeeDevil, XCaliber, Destroyer
more Fade, try the Mystere, Archon, Krait, Wraith, TeeRex, Max
Other Speed 11 Models: Mystere, Archon, Krait, Wraith, TeeRex, Max


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Anika Banglori Silk Dark Purple Replica Lehenga Choli
Rs.5,350 Rs.2,575
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- 3271
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assimilation sacrum
Definition: a sacrum composed of six segments, the last lumbar vertebra assuming the appearance of a sacral segment; or one that is composed of but four segments, the first sacral being free and having the characteristics of a lumbar vertebra.
Further information
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
© Copyright 2018 Wolters Kluwer. All Rights Reserved. Review date: Sep 19, 2016.


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The Introduction:
If you are hopping along with us today: You should have come here from Jennifer Priest's blog. If you did, you are in the right place! Welcome!
If you aren't already a follower, I'd love to have you follow my blog!
If you are one of my regular readers: Thanks for coming back! I love having you! Please join along in the hop - you can start at the Clearsnap blog.
Calling all crafters! We've gathered designers from some of our favorite manufacturers to show you ways to create something from the heart this holiday season. This 3 day Hop includes over 60 stops with inspiration brimming from every corner. Explore all thoughtful and frugal handmade gifts you could make for the holidays, all in one place on this Hop!
Each day we will be sharing a brand new list of blogs with brand new projects for you to explore, be inspired by, and create from!
The Hop List:
Hampton Art
Donna Salazar Designs
The Twinery
Authentique Paper
Glue Arts
Sherry Cheever – Graphic45
Claire Towle – Hampton Art
Emily Leiphart – The Twinery
Andrea Budjack – Glue Arts
Lesley Langdon – Spellbinders
Daniela Dobson – Clearsnap
Natasha Naranjo Aguirre – Donna Salazar Designs
Lisa Day – Glue Arts
Lynne Forsythe – Zutter
Jennifer Priest – Clearsnap
Tifany DeGough – Authentique Paper <-- are="" br="" here="" you="">Holly Simoni – Spellbinders
Fleur Smith – Zutter
Stephanie Johnson – The Twinery
Robyn Weatherspoon – Clearsnap
The Details:
To sweeten to Hop, Authentique Paper is offering a gift for one lucky hopper!
How does one of the 6x6 Bundles from EACH of Authentique Paper's current 7 collections sound?
{They'll even throw in a few other Authentique Paper goodies as well!}
Leave a comment on each blog along the hop to be be entered to win a prize pack from one of the participating manufacturer sponsors (including this great prize pack shown above)! The winners will be chosen randomly from all comments on the manufacturer blogs AND the designer blogs.
{Authentique Paper winner must have a US/Canada address.}
Blog comments close on Nov 7, 2011 at 11:59 PM {PST}.
The Project:
This is a very simple (& quick!) project that can be customized in many ways - perfect for one-of-a-kind handmade holiday gifts!
Step One:
Take a bottle cap and create a hole. (You can get new bottle caps or re-purpose a bottle cap from a drink you've enjoyed.)
{I prefer to use either a Fiskars Craft Drill or a Crop-A-Dile Big Bite for this step.}
Step Two:
Take a circle squeeze punch and punch out your Free Bird Series patterned paper from Authentique Paper.
{The Fiskars Round N Round Squeeze Punch in Medium is what I used to punch the Blush patterned papers.}
The papers from Authentique Paper are great for these necklaces because they add a beautiful layer of texture.
{And with all the colors and patterns in the Free Bird Series you will be able to find something that suits everyone on your list.}
Step Three:
Add embellishments to your punched circles.
I've created some tiny rolled roses from the Free Bird Series Blush papers and I've also used some pre-made embellishments like pearls and a resin flower.
You can also add charms or even a tiny photo.
Let your imagination go wild!
Step Four:
Add a ribbon, twine, or anything you want to use as the necklace.
Step Five:
Adhere your finished circle into your bottle cap.
{Use something like Glossy Accents for a very strong hold.}
{Just a note: If you would like to make your necklaces weather-proof you will need to cover the inserts with something like Glossy Accents.}
My daughter was my model for these necklaces and she's already claimed one of them and is trying to get me to give her the rest...so be sure to make extras for your daughters to enjoy!
Cheers to creating gifts from the heart this holiday season!
The Next Stop:
Holly Simoni 's blog
Patterned Paper: Authentique Paper (Free Bird Series - Blush);
Twine: The Twinery (Blossom);
Pearls: ZVA Creative
Other: Kraft Outlet (Bottle Caps, Twill Tying Tape); Maya Road (Resin Flower - Cream);
Tools: Fiskars (Round N Round Squeeze Punch, Scissors); We R Memory Keepers (Crop-A-Dile Big Bite); -->


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Narrow Your Investigation To Make Informed Decisions?All | Demographics | Education | Geography | Economic | Housing | Government | Taxes | Weather | Crime
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Do you want to research zip code 30216? If you are considering a move, want to view where your friends live,
or just discovering a new place to travel, our data will interest you!
Use any data on this web site at your own risk. citymelt.com does not warrant or certify the correctness of data.


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- men
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Levi's Mens 501 Straight Regular Fit Jean - Big and Tall(19)
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Levi's Mens Low Rise 502 Tapered Regular Fit Jean - Big and Tall(49)
Levi's Jeans for Men: Timeless American Style
It doesn't get much more American than a sturdy pair of Levi's jeans. They may have held the first patent on blue jeans, but that doesn't mean they've become outdated. Constantly innovating and improving, Levi Strauss & Co. continues to make classic jeans in exciting new styles. JCPenney offers an assortment of Levi's jeans for men at a great price. Our men's Levi's jeans come in all shapes and sizes, from long and short to big and tall. Levi's and JCPenney have everything you need for that classic Americana look!
How do you do denim? Are you the kind of man who likes a traditional fit, or are you aiming for more of a hipster vibe? Do you love a classic blue jean, or do you prefer to explore different washes? Traditionalists will love how they look in a pair of iconic Levi's 501 original jeans, which look great on men of all sizes. There are two types of 501 jeans: original and CT. The 501 original jeans have a straight leg and a button fly. The 501 CT jeans, short for customized taper, have all the characteristics of 501 original but features a perfectly tapered leg. If you want to be hipster chic, go for fashionable 510 skinny jeans. Kick back with a little room to breathe in a pair of 550 relaxed fit jeans.
No matter the style you choose, Levis jeans for men will redefine your definition of denim comfort. Shop our men's department today because there's a perfect pair of jeans waiting for you!
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A panel exhibition, with interpretive and educational materials, that uses images, broadsides, and letters to explore the early life of Frederick Douglass. Born a slave in Maryland, he made a daring escape to New York City in 1838. Once free, Douglass fought to end slavery and championed civil rights for all Americans.


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Poquonnock Bridge voters to decide fate of board, 39 percent tax rate hike
Groton - Ron Yuhas will have one goal at the Poquonnock Bridge Fire District annual meeting on Thursday: explaining how the district got into its financial predicament, and why it's so bad.
Yuhas, elected to the board of directors about a year ago, doesn't care whether voters boot him out of office. He just wants taxpayers to know what they're dealing with. He wants them to understand that he's tried, and to remember that whoever follows him will have to deal with it, too.
The expenses "are out of our control," he said during an interview Tuesday, driven by contracts and outstanding bills.
Firefighters, also interviewed Tuesday, disagree. They said the board's failure to support necessary spending in the past is what created the financial problem, and a rational board could solve it.
"Their mismanagement is what put us in this hole," Poqounnock Bridge firefighter Damien Speranza said, "not our contract."
The fire district holds its annual meeting at 7 p.m. Thursday at the Groton Senior Center to vote on a proposed $6.29 million budget for the coming fiscal year, a 34.6 percent increase over current spending. The budget will require a tax rate increase from 5.95 mills to 8.3 mills - more than 39 percent - if approved by voters.
Election of the district's board also will be held. A group of citizens has organized a slate to try to oust six members of the current board.
The fire district plans to have a registrar along with the board clerk show up at 6 p.m. Thursday to check photo identifications and voter registration records to make sure those showing up are eligible to vote.
Meetings have been so contentious that police were called to the last one.
"It doesn't matter who's elected," board member Alan Ackley said. "Unless we deal with these unfunded liabilities, we're going to go bankrupt. Bottom line."
Board member Peter Legnos said a lawyer will attend the meeting for advice if the budget fails. Ackley and Legnos said they didn't like the budget they approved, but had to include liabilities. Ackley said he'd vote against the budget.
If the district keeps the current tax rate, it won't be able to pay its contractual obligations and may be considered in default, Legnos said. Poquonnock Bridge has 31 employees, including 28 firefighters, an administrative assistant, the chief and deputy chief.
Deb Monteiro, a former town councilor seeking a seat on the fire district board, said the union indicated a willingness to negotiate with the board if it were reasonable, and if this happened, "then maybe we wouldn't be involved in unseating them."
Monteiro said she does not believe the budget should pass as it is proposed.
Nicki Bresnyan, who is representing her father as a resident of Poquonnock Bridge and is Monteiro's sister, said the budget could be changed to spend the money differently. A new budget also might be an increase but could be written to fix the ladder truck, keep the alarm system, recognize the firefighters' contact and bring bills current.
Last June, the New London accounting firm Baude & Rolfe P.C. issued a report saying the district should budget an additional $1 million annually to meet its pension obligations, $3.1 million as of 2012.
The district had put nothing toward the account that pays for the medical and life insurance benefits of retired firefighters and their spouses, Ackley said. To make this right, he said, the board included $1 million in the proposed budget.
The board also added $277,000 to pay for the contractually obligated health insurance, retirement plans and pensions for firefighters; $75,000 for legal feels to fight the union over the new 10-year contract that was passed before the new board was elected; $47,000 for a new roof on the Fort Hill Station; $133,000 for reserve and contingency in anticipation of buying a new pumper truck and a car for the chief; and about $70,000 for training and uniforms for 10 volunteer firefighters.
The district budget also includes $82,000 to pay last year's rental fees to the City of Groton for fire hydrants. Ackley said he delayed paying the bill because he was trying to negotiate a lower rate.
Legnos, the board member, said he's tried talking to the union, for example suggesting a combination pumper and ladder truck to meet both needs, but he was refused.
"There's no compromise with these guys," he said. "It's their way or the highway."
Mike Gale, a firefighter, said the union agreed during negotiations in 2009 to change health insurance coverage to carry a higher deductible, saving the district about $300,000.
"So for them to tell us we're unreasonable is offensive," he said.
Legnos said he would resign from the board if the unfunded liabilities are not paid.
"We have an obligation," he said. "Now we're being attacked because we're meeting that obligation."
If you go
What: Poqounnock Bridge Fire District annual meeting
When: 7 p.m. Thursday
Where: Groton Senior Center, 102 Newtown Road, Groton
Details: Beginning at 6 p.m., officials will check photo IDs and voter registration records to determine voter eligibility.
Poquonnock Bridge residents move to oust six members of fire district board
Angry Poquonnock Bridge residents decry fire district budget
Poquonnock Bridge Fire District seeks 40 percent budget increase
Full game: Notre Dame-West Haven at East Lyme boys' basketball
Mounting legal threats surround Trump as nearly every organization he has led is under investigation
Hero trucker saves dogs thrown from vehicle on New York highway
Software bug may have exposed photos from 7 million Facebook users


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Baseball-Cards.com Sportscards auctions with old non-sport and supplies
1955 Bowman #.29 Red Schoendienst [#a] (Cardinals) Baseball cardPrice = $ 24.95
Select a different Sport or Vintage Baseball Cards set Enter words,partial words,partial words with wildcards (*) or a phrase in quotes.
1959 Topps Yankees displays vintage 1959 Topps Yankees cards.
Bowman Mantle displays all Bowman Mickey Mantle cards, old and recent.
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Topps,Donruss,Upper Deck-clicking escorts you there San Diego.
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Visit our web site for more info on vintage and current
baseball, football, basketball, hockey, sports and
non-sport cards and card collecting.
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Extended Set - Also frequently called Update Set or Traded Set.
Facsimile Autograph - a simulated autograph printed on a card designed to show what the player's actual signature looks like. These are NOT the player's "real" autograph.
Factory Set - a complete set in a special box and wrapped with a protective covering produced by the manufacturer, usually with a unique seal and sold directly to dealers or card shop owners and not available through the usual retail outlets.
Grade - the physical condition assigned to a card, either by a price guide, or through the assessment made by sellers.
Graded Card - a card which has been assessed for condition by an independent source and given a ranking, with 10 being the best. The card is then placed in a hermetically-sealed plastic holder with the grade designation and player name, card company, card number, and serial number printed on the encasement.
1967 Topps WHO AM I ?NM/MINT to MINT COMPLETE 1976 Crane Potato Chip Football Discs Set.
It's easy to see why the 1967 Topps "Who Am I? set is a favorite of both sports and non- sport collectors. The set's 44 cards feature mostly important figures from world history but what makes this set even more popular was the inclusion of 4 of baseball's most popular players: Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays and Sandy Koufax !!!
The players picture on the front is covered with a scratch-off disguise with silly, exaggerated features like hair, moustaches, hats, noses... and clues to help kids identify the famous person pictured. The backs contained additional clues and instructions to "Scratch off disguise on front to discover Who I Am. Use a coin or fingernail."
Cards with their scratch-off coating intact are worth many, many times cards with the coatings removed. For example, NM/MINT Babe Ruth with the coating is in the $200-$400 range while a NM/MINT Ruth with the coating removed is closer to $25.
Click for complete
1967 Topps Who Am I? checklist and prices
1971 O-Pee-Chee BaseballAlso referred to as OPC or Topps Canada, most vintage OPC sets were near replicas of the Topps cards from that year. Exactly same in design they usually only differed with the addition of French to the backs and some fronts.
To the benefit of collector's OPC made several changes in their 1971 set. The most obvious and useful was a complete redesign of the card backs and the addition of another player photo ! Additionly, over 20 cards were changed including the inclusion of what could be considered the first "Traded" cards. Another difference: Topps cards #202 and #289 were changed to allow the addition of 2 more Expos to the set.
The 1971 OPC set is legendary for its short print run, estimated at perhaps just 5% of Topps' Production. This issue is considered quite elusive, even in Canada.
TOP ROOKIE: Steve Garvey
TOP STARS: Nolan Ryan, Roberto Clemente, Willie Mays, Hank Aaron, Ernie Banks, Pete Rose, Ted Williams, Thurman Munson, Reggie Jackson, Don Baylor/Dusty Baker RC & MORE !!!
Click for complete
1971 OPC/O-Pee-Chee Baseball checklist and prices
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