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2 INNOVATION IN FLIGHT: RESEARCH OF THE NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER ON REVOLUTIONARY ADVANCED CONCEPTS FOR AERONAUTICS By Joseph R. Chambers NASA SP
3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chambers, Joseph R. Innovation in flight : research of the NASA Langley Research Center on revolutionary advanced concepts for aeronautics / by Joseph R. Chambers. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. NASA SP Aeronautics--Technical innovations--united States. 2. Research aircraft--united States. 3. Langley Research Center--Research. I. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. History Office. II. Title. TL C dc
4 Acknowledgments I am sincerely indebted to the dozens of current and retired employees of NASA who consented to be interviewed and submitted their personal experiences, recollections, and files from which this documentation of Langley contributions was drawn. The following active and retired Langley personnel contributed vital information to this effort: Donald D. Baals Daniel G. Baize E. Ann Bare J.F. Barthelemy Dennis W. Bartlett Steven X. S. Bauer Bobby L. Berrier Jay Brandon Albert J. Braslow Dennis M. Bushnell Richard L. Campbell Peter G. Coen Fayette S. Collier Robert. V. Doggett, Jr. Samuel M. Dollyhigh Cornelius Driver Clinton V. Eckstrom James R. Elliott Michael C. Fischer Charles M. Fremaux Neal T. Frink Louis J. Glaab Sue B. Grafton Edward A. Haering, Jr. (NASA Dryden) Andrew S. Hahn Roy V. Harris Jennifer Heeg Jerry N. Hefner William P. Henderson Paul M. Hergenrother Joseph L. Johnson, Jr. Denise R. Jones Donald F. Keller Lynda J. Kramer Steven E. Krist John E. Lamar Robert E. McKinley Domenic J. Maglieri Mark D. Moore Robert W. Moses Thomas M. Moul Vivek Mukhopadhyay Daniel G. Murri Thomas A. Ozoroski Arthur E. Phelps, III Dhanvada M. Rao Richard J. Re Wilmer H. Reed, III Rodney H. Ricketts A. Warner Robins Gautam H. Shah William J. Small Stephen C. Smith (NASA Ames) M. Leroy Spearman Eric C. Stewart Dan D. Vicroy Richard D. Wagner Richard A. Wahls Richard M. Wood Jeffrey A. Yetter Long P. Yip Steven D. Young I would like to express my special gratitude to Noel A. Talcott and Dr. Darrel R. Tenney, who provided the inspiration and mechanism to undertake this activity. The efforts of the following active and retired industry members in reviewing the material significantly enhanced the accuracy and content of the final product: The Boeing Company: A. L. Del Nagel, Rudy N. Yurkovich, Eric Y. Reichenbach, M. Emmett Omar, Michael J. Janisko, Robert A. Woodling, D. L. Tony Antani, Norbert F. Smith, Daniel Smith, Arthur G. Powell, Robert H. Liebeck, and William E. Vargo. Lockheed-Martin Corporation: Barry Creighton. Gulfstream Aerospace: Michael P. Mena. Northrop Grumman Corporation: Heinz A. Gerhardt, Dave H. Graham, Dale J. Lorincz and Vince Wisniewski. Thanks also to Percival J. Tesoro for the book design, Alicia V. Tarrant and Jeffrey B. Caplan for outstanding assistance in photographic research in the Langley files, Denise M. Stefula and Kay V. Forrest for editing, and Christine R. Williams for printing coordination. iii
5 Special thanks and gratitude go to Dennis M. Bushnell, Senior Scientist of the NASA Langley Research Center, for his support and comments in the preparation of this document. His personal example and dedication to the pursuit of revolutionary technology have served as the stimulus and encouragement sought by thousands of his peers during his outstanding and remarkable NASA career. Joseph R. Chambers Yorktown, VA August 22, 2005 iv
6 Contents Acknowledgments... iii Preface...vii Innovation: The Seed Corn of Tomorrow...1 Selected Examples of Langley s Research On Revolutionary Advanced Concepts Supersonic Civil Aircraft...7 The Blended Wing Body...71 Synthetic Vision...93 Laminar-Flow Control Upper Surface Blowing Control of Aeroelastic Response The Joined Wing The Vortex Flap Innovative Control Effectors Personal Air Transportation Concepts The Future of Innovation: Priming the Pump Bibliography Index NASA History Series About the Author v
8 Preface This document is intended to be a companion to previous books by the author: NASA SP , Partners in Freedom: Contributions of the Langley Research Center to U.S. Military Aircraft of the 1990 s, and NASA SP , Concept to Reality: Contributions of the Langley Research Center to U.S. Civil Aircraft of the 1990 s. Material included in the previous volumes provides informative and significant examples of the impact of applications of aeronautics research conducted by the NASA Langley Research Center on important U.S. civil and military aircraft of the 1990s. These contributions occurred because of the investment of the Nation in the innovation, expertise, and dedication of a staff of researchers and their unique facilities at Langley. Within that research environment, literally thousands of revolutionary concepts and advanced technologies for aeronautics have emerged, directed at challenges and barriers that impede the advancement of the state of the art in aircraft design and mission capabilities. Unfortunately, in the world of technology only a handful of advanced concepts are ever applied, due to a number of reasons. Factors that inhibit the application of advanced research technology are numerous and varied in nature, including cost, environmental impact, safety, complexity, reduced or inadequate funding and human resources, world events, perceived or actual risk, technical barriers, and others. The objective of this publication is to discuss the importance of innovation and the role of revolutionary advanced concepts within the aeronautics research community, and to provide information on typical advanced research projects conducted by Langley and its partners on topics that have not yet been applied by the military or civil aviation industry to production aircraft. Detailed information is first provided to describe each advanced concept, the projected benefits that could be provided if the technology is applied, and the challenges faced by the NASA research team to reduce the risk of application. Next, descriptions of specific research activities on the concepts identify the key projects, accomplishments, personnel, and facilities involved in the development of each concept. Finally, perspectives are provided on the current status of the subject concepts, including discussions of factors or future events that might intensify interest in their use for future applications. Many of the concepts described herein are subjects of ongoing NASA research thrusts, for which significant technical challenges are in the process of being addressed. Some of the research activities discussed were conducted and completed in past NASA projects; however, evolving requirements for military or civil aircraft systems demand a reexamination of the potential and current feasibility of the principles involved. This document is intended to serve several purposes. As a source of collated information on revolutionary concepts, it will serve as a key reference for readers wishing to grasp the underlying principles and challenges related to specific revolutionary concepts. Hopefully, such information will provide valuable background that can serve as starting knowledge bases for future research vii
9 efforts and minimize the so-called reinvention of the wheel syndrome. More importantly, the information identifies major obstacles to advanced aeronautics technology, thereby providing a sensitivity for multi-faceted research projects to ensure a higher likelihood of application. A definition of current barriers to application is extremely valuable for use in the future, when new breakthroughs in various technical disciplines may eliminate or minimize some of the critical barriers that have traditionally blocked the application of some of these specific revolutionary concepts. Finally, a review of the material will hopefully inspire the nontechnical (as well as technical) communities that aeronautics is not a mature science and that considerable opportunities exist to revolutionize the future. The written material has been prepared for a broad audience and does not presume any significant technical expertise. Hopefully, it will provide informative and interesting overviews for researchers engaged in aeronautics activities, internal NASA policy makers, national policy makers, NASA stakeholders, the media and the general public. A bibliography is provided for technical specialists and others who desire a more in-depth discussion of the concepts. viii
10 INNOVATION IN FLIGHT: RESEARCH OF THE NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER ON REVOLUTIONARY ADVANCED CONCEPTS FOR AERONAUTICS By Joseph R. Chambers Innovation: The Seed Corn of Tomorrow The pointy end of NASA s technological spear must stretch beyond good work and evolutionary ideas to revolutionary, high-payoff concepts with a sensitivity to the barriers that limit application. The foregoing statement by Dennis M. Bushnell, Senior Scientist of the NASA Langley Research Center, captures what many believe to be the critical strategy in maintaining a superior and vibrant aeronautical research capability for the United States. In his 42-year career at Langley, Bushnell has authored more than 240 technical papers on an impressive variety of technical subjects and presented over 260 invited lectures and seminars at numerous international meetings. Widely regarded as an international leader for his personal contributions to innovative research and his futuristic perspectives in science and technology, he is an outspoken advocate for creativity and the pursuit of stretch goals that challenge NASA s aeronautics program. Bushnell s perseverance and actions have nurtured one of NASA s key missions in aeronautics the conception and maturation of breakthrough, revolutionary technologies. By definition, revolutionary technologies such as the swept wing and jet propulsion can radically change the very nature of aeronautical technology, resulting in unprecedented levels of capability, rather than incremental benefits. Dennis M. Bushnell, Senior Scientist of the NASA Langley Research Center. 1
11 In today s world, where the public is generally unaware of NASA s activities and contributions in aeronautics, the subject of innovative, revolutionary NASA research is even more unknown. Previous NASA publications, such as NASA SP , Partners in Freedom: Contributions of the Langley Research Center to U.S. Military Aircraft of the 1990 s, and NASA SP , Concept to Reality: Contributions of the Langley Research Center to U.S. Civil Aircraft of the 1990 s, document some of the more important contributions of NASA that have been applied to modern military and civil aircraft. However, thousands of revolutionary, high-risk, high-payoff research projects have not yet resulted in applications for various reasons, including technical risk, economics, and environmental impact. The goal of this publication is to provide an overview of the topic of revolutionary research in aeronautics at Langley, including many examples of research efforts that offer significant potential benefits, but have not yet been applied. The discussion also includes an overview of how innovation and creativity is stimulated within the Center, and a perspective on the future of innovation. The documentation of this topic, especially the scope and experiences of the example research activities covered, is intended to provide background information for future researchers. By nature, the technical interests of the aircraft industry and by necessity those of NASA are highly cyclical and often shaped by external factors. For instance, laminar flow control and powered lift tend to reemerge in priority every two decades or so. Being able to go back and review what has been done in the past is quite valuable. Hopefully, reviewing the extent of specific past projects will identify appropriate points of departure to advance these concepts to future applications. With this background, repetitive or unproductive research options might be filtered at an early stage in order to avoid so-called reinvention of the wheel. In addition, discussions of specific technical challenges that blocked the application of the example concepts will prove to be valuable in the future, if breakthroughs in enabling technologies result in removal of the past barriers. Examples of such occurrences include advances in composite fabrication technology permitting the previously unacceptable application of forward-swept wing configurations, and the introduction of turbofan engines (with relatively cool exhaust flow) permitting the use of externally-blown flaps for high-lift configurations. Within an aeronautical research and development community, such as the Langley Research Center, the knowledgeable observer can distinguish two distinct thrusts of activity, both of which provide critical advances in the leadership of this Nation in aerospace technology and its end products. In a simplistic view, the development efforts tend to address evolutionary opportunities, with an emphasis on providing incremental improvements in capabilities, solving known or unexpected multidiscipline systems-level problems that arise, ensuring that the technology readiness level is sufficiently high, and that risk has been lowered to an acceptable level for applications. At the 2
12 other end of the spectrum, research efforts address revolutionary, breakthrough concepts within disciplines or at the integrated configuration level. These activities are typically high risk, involve radical departures from conventional technology, and are capable of providing revolutionary benefits that can change the conventional paradigm. Such research is typically viewed with skepticism by many, and numerous challenges and barriers must be addressed before the development stage can be reached. What is appreciated, however, is that innovative research is the seed corn that provides tomorrow s advances in aeronautics. NASA research centers are populated with inquisitive, highly capable research staffs that can, with appropriate resources, facilities and stimulation, lead the world in innovative research. Virtually every research professional enters his or her first work duties at these locations with innate curiosity and interest in advancing technology in selected technical disciplines. The attributes of an innovative person include not only the technical prowess and expertise to accomplish revolutionary breakthroughs, but also an appreciation of the current state of the art, past research efforts, and barriers to successful applications. The environment available to the researcher within NASA has provided resource opportunities to fund the cost of conducting research studies, including the use of unique wind tunnels, laboratories, computational facilities, and flight testing. With the encouragement and approval of management Filters that limit the ultimate application of advanced technology. 3
13 and technical peers, a continuous stream of revolutionary concepts has come from the imaginative minds of Langley s staff for potential transition to aeronautical applications. Unfortunately, the path from idea or concept to application is mined with severe challenges and barriers, and only a handful of thousands of advanced concepts survive to emerge as applications, as depicted in the accompanying sketch. Initially, the new idea must meet and satisfy technical requirements for its intended usage. To pass through this first filter, the researcher is challenged to prove that the concept will work as envisioned, and that the technical benefit can be realized. Some research ideas at Langley have passed this level of maturity in relatively quick order, but others have required decades of frustrating attempts to reach technical closure, requiring extraordinary dedication and efforts by researchers. When the technical/scientific filter has been successfully met by new technology, a second, even more daunting filter must be faced a determination of the real-world feasibility of the concept. Embedded in the feasibility issue are assessments of the technical readiness level, cost/benefit trades, environmental impact, safety, market demand, risk, and numerous economic issues. Such issues typically pose a significant challenge to NASA researchers, who have limited experience in the profit-making stimuli of the business world, and the highly proprietary methods used by industry to evaluate and calibrate the worthiness of new technology. Nonetheless, appropriate systems-level studies or teaming arrangements with industry or others with sufficient qualifications to predict these factors must be undertaken to determine the application value of the new concept. Bushnell refers to the challenges in this filter as the ilities, which for advanced aeronautical concepts (individual disciplinary concepts or unconventional airplane configurations) can include: Engineering Economics Safety/Environmental Producability Affordability Environmental (icing, etc.) Maintainability Operational profit Noise Reliability Fuel usage Emissions Inspectability Product liability Robustness Capability (performance) Timeliness Failure modes Flexibility (growth capability) Exclusivity Flying qualities Repairability Regulatory issues Ride quality (turbulence) Operability Certification Contrails Durability Risk Sonic boom Compatibility (airport) Competitive status Structural integrity Resource availability Emergency egress 4
14 Obviously, the tasks facing the researcher and his/her team for applications of new concepts involve many, many potential show stoppers that demand attention and solution. Despite the scope of assessments required, NASA has successfully contributed critical technology to the Nation s aircraft military and civil aircraft fleets. The remainder of this document is designed to provide an overview of some of the revolutionary technology concepts that have emerged from Langley studies, but have not yet been applied because of certain factors referred to in the previous discussion. Following these examples, a final section describes the efforts that have taken place at Langley to preserve and stimulate its reputation for the conception and development of innovative aeronautical technologies. 5
15 6
16 Supersonic Civil Aircraft: The Need for Speed Concept and Benefits Since the first days of commercial airliners, passengers have always placed high priorities on speed, cost, safety, reliability, and comfort in air transportation. Travel speed, and its beneficial impact on personal mobility and business interactions, has been one of the more dominant factors for the traveler. In the late 1950s, as faster swept-wing jet transports replaced their propeller-driven ancestors for public transportation, and the military began to pursue large supersonic bomber designs such as the XB-70, the aviation industry and the government began serious efforts to develop the next logical progression in the quest for speed: a supersonic commercial transport. If an economically feasible, environmentally friendly supersonic transport (SST) could be introduced into the air transportation system, the benefits of significantly increased cruise speed would attract a large segment of the passenger market (especially in the business sector), possibly driving conventional subsonic transports from a large portion of the international air transport marketplace. The subsequent international rush to SST applications resulted in abortive programs. An illfated national effort within the United States for a U.S. SST was terminated in 1971 without a viable aircraft, a brief and unsuccessful introduction of the Russian Tu-144 SST occurred, and the commercial introduction of the French/British Concorde proved to be an impressive technical success but a hopeless economic failure. Nonetheless, the quest for supersonic civil Supersonic transports offer revolutionary benefits in travel time and personal productivity. 7
17 Supersonic Civil Aircraft: The Need for Speed Comparison of international travel times for a conventional subsonic transport and an advanced Mach 2.4 high-speed civil transport. aircraft has sporadically persisted. In the 1990s, visions of second-generation supersonic transports that could fly 300 passengers at more than 1,600 mph (Mach 2.4) were the focus of extensive research efforts involving U.S. industry and government, as well as Europe and Japan. Such an airplane could speed across the Pacific from Los Angeles to Tokyo in a mere 4.5 hours, revolutionizing air travel and, perhaps, conventional business paradigms. Unfortunately, a multitude of technical and nontechnical obstacles has prevented supersonic air travel and its potential benefits. Challenges and Barriers Obstacles to the introduction of supersonic commercial transports are arguably the most demanding of any aircraft type. In addition to a formidable array of technical challenges within virtually all critical aircraft engineering disciplines, a multitude of issues involving environmental protection and international politics must be addressed and resolved. Although research agencies such as NASA are uniquely qualified to help provide the technology necessary to meet mission requirements for SST operations, the resolution of many barriers to implementation, such as political and emotional issues, are far beyond the capabilities of researchers. The enormous difficulty in introducing viable supersonic civil aircraft into the commercial fleet is highlighted by the fact that, although the world has seen almost continuous, yearly introduction of new subsonic jet transport aircraft into service over the last 45 years, no new supersonic civil aircraft have entered operations in the last 30 years. The following discussion of technical, environmental, economic, and political issues provides a background of some of the more critical factors preventing operational application of supersonic 8
18 Supersonic Civil Aircraft: The Need for Speed civil aircraft. Many of these issues have been identified and resolved by NASA and its partners, but many important issues continue to remain unresolved, preventing the deployment of a U.S. SST. Technical Issues The most fundamental technical challenges to an SST configuration involve the ability to meet the mission requirements in an efficient, economically viable, environmentally acceptable fashion. At the forefront of these requirements is the need for efficient aerodynamic performance at supersonic speeds. Geometrical shaping of the airframe, efficient performance of the propulsion system at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds, and airframe/propulsion integration must be accomplished in a manner to provide sufficient lift/drag (L/D) ratio for efficient supersonic and subsonic cruise, as well as during takeoff and landing. At supersonic speeds, the dominant aerodynamic challenge is drag reduction. Whereas current subsonic jet transports can exhibit L/D ratios approaching 19 at cruise conditions, the most efficient supersonic transport designs today exhibit L/D ratios of less than 10, indicative of the tremendous drag increase associated with additional wave drag created in supersonic flight. With relatively low L/D values, the supersonic transport will require significantly more fuel per minute at cruise conditions. Obviously, supersonic aerodynamic design methodology is a mandatory part of the designer s tool kit for this class of aircraft. Stability and control requirements for supersonic transports employing highly swept wings can result in configuration compromises and trade-offs that markedly decrease supersonic aerodynamic performance. For example, the low-speed longitudinal stability and control characteristics of supersonically efficient, highly swept arrow wings are usually unacceptable. In particular, aerodynamic flow phenomena over such wings at low-speed conditions result in flow separation on the outer wing at moderate angles of attack. This separation leads to the intolerable longitudinal instability known as pitch up and also to marginal ability to control lateral motions, particularly in sideslip conditions during approach to landing. As a result, the nearly optimum arrow-wing planform may have to be modified to a less efficient supersonic shape (approaching a delta wing) to ensure satisfactory flying characteristics at low speeds. The aerodynamic performance of an SST configuration at off-design conditions, such as subsonic cruise or during extended air traffic landing delays or diversions to other airports, is a key factor in the fuel and weight required for mission capability. Because highly swept configurations exhibit aerodynamic and propulsive efficiencies that are much less than conventional transport designs at subsonic speeds, a large fuel reserve requirement must be met for contingencies during normal operations. In fact, for typical supersonic transport configurations the weight of fuel reserves can 9
19 Supersonic Civil Aircraft: The Need for Speed be equal to or greater than the useful payload. As an example of the significance of this issue, the Concorde exhibited an L/D ratio of only about 4 at subsonic loiter and approach conditions, resulting in heavy fuel usage, poor engine efficiency, and high noise levels. On flights from Europe, the airplane arrived at New York with 15 tons of spare fuel (1.5 times the payload), and an additional 30 tons of mission fuel was needed to carry the 15 tons of spare fuel. Integrating airframe and propulsion components into the SST configuration is especially challenging. In addition to maximizing aerodynamic and propulsive performance, the designer must also minimize weight to achieve adequate payload capability. Representative supersonic transports designed for Mach 2.0 carry a payload of only about 6 percent of takeoff gross weight compared with subsonic transports that typically accommodate about a 25-percent payload fraction. Thus, aircraft empty weight (and weight-saving concepts) becomes especially critical for supersonic vehicles. In the area of aircraft materials, the supersonic transport may have to incorporate exotic and expensive fabrication techniques and materials. In this regard, selection of design cruise Mach number may dictate a departure from conventional structures. Conventional aluminum materials are not able to withstand the withering temperatures at cruise speeds much above Mach 2.5, requiring the use of stainless steel or titanium for the airframe. Resulting cost associated with these advanced materials has been a major factor in limiting design cruise speeds, even though some supersonic airplane productivity studies show maximum benefits near Mach 3.0. Along with strenuous aerodynamic and structural design challenges, the supersonic transport must meet demanding propulsion requirements. Efficient engine operations over the subsonic and supersonic flight envelopes must be attained, engine inlet and nozzle configurations must be efficient and robust, and engine components and subsystems must be capable of extended hightemperature operations with minimal maintenance and maximum reliability. Efficient engine cycles for supersonic cruise typically lead to low bypass ratio engine configurations in contrast to the high bypass ratio designs used by subsonic transports. The low bypass ratio engine produces a high velocity jet efflux that creates extremely high noise levels if not attenuated by noise suppressors. Operational field length requirements impose severe constraints on engine sizing and attendant issues, such as takeoff noise, for supersonic cruise vehicles. The inherent low-lift, high-drag characteristics of highly swept supersonic wings may result in long takeoff runs, driving designers to higher thrust engines that are mismatched for optimum cruise applications. In addition, higher engine settings may exacerbate takeoff noise levels and affect the ability to comply with noise regulations. Extremely large, heavy engine noise suppressors may be required, further aggravating 10
20 Supersonic Civil Aircraft: The Need for Speed the inherent weight issues previously noted. Takeoff and airport community noise is one of the most difficult barriers to implementation of future supersonic civil transports, especially with advanced subsonic transport aircraft having successfully met dramatic reductions in noise levels required by new regulations. An aircraft traveling through the atmosphere at supersonic speeds (above about 660 mph) continuously produces air-pressure waves similar to waves created by a ship s bow. When supersonic flight became a reality around 1950, the impact of these waves and the accompanying sonic boom was unexpected. Aerodynamicists were aware of the shock waves associated with supersonic motion, but they did not expect these shock waves to reach the ground for high flying aircraft. However, when supersonic fighters were introduced in the 1950s, people were startled by the booms and some buildings and structures were damaged by low-flying supersonic aircraft. As military aircraft increased their supersonic missions over populated areas, complaint and damage claim numbers grew. Pressure fields created by supersonic shock waves result in sonic booms. 11
21 Supersonic Civil Aircraft: The Need for Speed A typical airplane generates two main shock waves, one at the nose (bow shock) and one off the tail (tail shock). Local shock waves coming off the canopy, wing leading edges, and engine nacelles tend to merge with the main shocks at some distance from the airplane. The resulting pressure pulse is a characteristic N shape. To an observer on the ground, this N pulse is felt as an abrupt compression above atmospheric pressure, followed by a rapid decompression below atmospheric pressure and a final recompression to atmospheric pressure. The total change takes place in less than half of a second (about 0.23 seconds for Concorde) and is felt and heard as a double jolt or boom. The relative strength of the boom overpressure is dependent on several factors, including the altitude, speed, length, shape, and weight of the generating aircraft as well as atmospheric conditions. The strongest sonic boom is usually felt directly beneath the airplane and decreases on either side of the flight path. A turning, or accelerating, supersonic airplane may concentrate the set of shock waves locally where they intersect the ground and produce a focused super boom. For example, the SR-71 airplane, maneuvering at Mach 3.0 and an altitude of 80,000 ft, creates window-rattling, double-crack sonic boom signatures on the ground. Human subjects have strongly opposed unexpected encounters with sonic booms. The highly undesirable effects run from structural damage (cracked building plaster and broken windows) to heightened tensions and annoyance of the citizenry because of the startle factor. Ground-based research and subjective evaluations during actual aircraft flybys have produced extensive sets of data that have calibrated sonic boom signatures and human responses for specific aircraft and operating conditions. Currently, civil supersonic flight over land is prohibited by law in the United States and most other nations due to the disruption and annoyance caused by sonic booms. This restriction in flight path options has had a deep, negative impact on the economic feasibility and operational flexibility of supersonic transports, and solving the sonic boom issue remains one of the most vexing technical challenges facing the designer. Supersonic transports may require special crew-station design features to meet the demands of operations in the air traffic system, especially during takeoff and landing. For example, visibility from the pilot s location may be unacceptable during the landing approach for streamlined, highly swept wing designs that must operate at relatively nose-high attitudes to generate the lift required for low-speed operations. The first generation of supersonic transports resolved this problem with variable-geometry drooped-nose configurations that were capable of being streamlined for cruise flight and reconfigured for good visibility during landing. Unfortunately, weight penalties associated with this approach are large and more innovative concepts, such as synthetic vision (discussed in a separate section of this document), have been explored to minimize this penalty. 12
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More at www.eightimprov.biz and Check out FACEBOOK PAGE for most up to date schedule of shows, classes and more in Times Square and touring Nationwide. FOLLLOW for discount offers!!!
Saturday 10am Comedy 4 Teens class includes instruction in both Improvisation and Stand-Up Comedy. Each week students play various warm-up, techqniue and performance Improv games designed to teach performance and life skills. Students that sign up for the full session, or attend enough regular classes are invited to dress rehearsals and performance showcase. We run 8-week programs Winter, Spring and Fall as well as Summer Camp. Regular students also receive FREE tickets for the whole family to our publi shows by the professional cast. CLICK HERE to register for full serssions
FALL 2017 Closed/Sold Out
January 6, 12, 20, 27, February 3, 10, 17, 24
Bonus Classes March 3, 10
Showcase 17
April 7, 14, 21, 28 May 5, 12
SHOWCASE May 19
Bonus Classes June 2, 9, 16, 23
SATURDAYS / SUNDAYS 3pm at the Broadway Comedy Club
$25 at the door - Students get FREE tickets for the whole family!
Artistic Director Walt Frasier
In addition to over 5000 Comedy Shows since 2015, Walt Fasier's credits include TV, FILM, Off Broadway and international credits in acting, comedy, and singing. Previously the Director of Instruction for the Comedy Hall of Fame.


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Ham Nuggets
1 cup cheddar cheese grated
1/4 cup butter
1 tablespoon worcestershire sauce
3/4 cup flour
1/2 teaspoon paprika
24 cooked ham cubes - about 1" square
Blend well the cheddar, butter and worcestershire sauce. Add the
flour and paprika, mixing well until a dough is formed. Mold 2-3
teaspoons of dough around each ham cube to enclose entirely. Chill
until firm or freeze at this point.
When ready to serve, bring to room temperature, and bake at 400° F.
for 10-15 minutes, serve hot.
These can be made up to 2 days ahead and put in
fridge before baking, or
can be frozen and then baked.
Razzle Dazzle Recipes
No Portion of this site
is to be reproduced without permission
Copyright ©2002 - 2012


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Cyclefest 2013 enters its third year on Sunday 19th May and will once again be one of the main attractions at the annual celebration of all things cycling at the Grampian Transport Museum in Alford, Aberdeenshire.
Raced entirely on a closed circuit, Cyclefest is aimed at developing youth cycling and is open to A-E categories. Supported by live race commentary the Cyclefest provides riders with a warm up area, toilet facilities and a full programme of racing. For parents, the covered grandstand provides a fantastic vantage point to watch the racing along with the opportunity to visit the other cycling related events that will be ongoing at the Grampian Transport Museum.
Racing starts at 1230 and finishes at 1600 with a stirring musical soundtrack and podium presentations throughout the afternoon's schedule. This is the fifth year that Ythan CC will have promoted events at GTM with the previous Cyclefests and the Grampian Grand Prix events having been hugely popular with some of Scotlands best youth riders having taken to the track.
Special attractions on the day are being finalised and will be updated in due course along with the race schedule but riders of all ages will take part in two races with the event culminating with the final A Race which is proudly sponsored by Aberdeenshire Sports Council, supporters of all forms of sport across Aberdeenshire. Ythan CC are also delighted announce that Team GB Paralympic pilot and Ythan CC member Fiona Duncan will be in attendance to meet the youth riders and pass on her experiences from London 2012.
Head up to the heart of Aberdeenshire and visit Alford, a charming rural Donside town located 30 minutes from Aberdeen and a short distance from Royal Deeside and the Cairngorms National Park.
ENTER NOW- max rider limit is 75
https://www.britishcycling.org.uk/event ... Races-2013
Parents, why not make it a weekend in Aberdeenshire? The GTM King of the Mountains Sportive promoted by Deeside Thistle the day before provides an opportunity for cyclists of all ages to enjoy some spectacular routes through Donside and Deeside.
www.britishcycling.org.uk/events/detail ... -Mountains


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Look!: Succulents In a Birdbath
Growing up, our grandparents had a stone birdbath as an accessory in their backyard. We say accessory because the birdbath never had water in it. It always did a really good job of reminding us that we were susceptible to droughts since it was always dry as the Sahara. So when we saw this repurposed bird bath yesterday at the California Cactus Center (store tour coming soon) we had to spread the word.
What a better way to showcase succulents and repurpose an item that doesn't get enough use. Because of the no water drainage factor, you'll need to water these low maintenance plants even less than before.
In what unique container do you display your succulents in?
Related Plant Posts


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It`s been a rollercoaster ride this week. Not really sure how it already disappeared. We burned our totts off walking in the sun though. The members told us that it was 38 degrees farenheit here 2 days ago... Needless to say we are taking Lotsssssssssssssssss of cold showers. Also, we went to a guy in our ward`s house this week that you guys would LOVE. Mom it has a huge vineyard full of grapes.. I got some sick pictures for ya.
|This is MY VINEYARD!!!
|Like my grape necklace?
DyC 93:28 He that keepeth his commandments receiveth truth and light, until he is glorified in truth and knoweth all things.
31 Behold, here is the agency of man, and here is the condemnation of man; because that which was from the beginning is plainly manifest unto them, and they receive not the light.
36 The glory of God is intelligence, or, in other words, light and truth.
37 Light and truth forsake that evil one.
|Elder Monsen and I at Presidents House. You KNOW that tie is SICK!
Alma 32:40 And thus, if ye will not nourish the word (Place your goal here instead of word), looking forward with an eye of faith to the fruit thereof, ye can never pluck of the fruit of the tree of life.
If we don`t see with this eye, all is impossible.. All is lost... Remember that through Christ we can become anything we want... He made it possible. I hope you all have a great week and that you can really think about your futures.... Today is the day to change.
Much love, Elder Christensen.
|Our group of.... Well.... Really old missionaries.....


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Rex Room is housed in a two-story historic Greek Revival building at the corner of Bourbon and Conti Streets in New Orleans' famous French Quarter. Built in 1847 by noted architect Francis D. Gott, the dwelling features classic 19th century New Orleans architectural details including its original wrap-around balcony and handsome wooden cornice.
Rex Room boasts excellent catering by some of the city's finest restaurants. Whether you are planning a cocktail reception with passed hors d'oeuvres or a full buffet, our caterers can create the perfect New Orleans menu guaranteed to please all of your guests. Premium bar and beverage service is available.
Our event planners, bartenders, and serving staff are trained to deliver the utmost in customer care and service. Professional, courteous and able to handle even the most unusual demands, our staff will take care of every detail so you can relax and enjoy the party.
- Bartenders & Servers
- Sound, Light & Staging
- Bands & Live Entertainment
- Floral & Decor
- Complete Party Planning


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Farr Better Wedding Photography is a Columbus, Ohio based destination wedding photographer
MEET JOSH FArr
Photographer Extraordinaire
No two weddings should be photographed the exactly same way because no two couples are exactly the same. I sincerely believe that each couple's story is unique and should be photographed in such a way that it transcends traditional wedding photography.
I am not your average wedding photographer. I work harder than any other wedding photographer you've ever seen. I take shots that others don't because I constantly strive to create entirely unique and artistic images that tell your story - photographs that you will love and cherish for generations to come.
I am there for your whole day because I want to be present to capture as many of those moments.
So, let's meet up for a cup of coffee or Skype sometime within the next few days! I'd love to hear your story.
Your day captured
I'm not just another vendor at your wedding. As your wedding photographer, I'm there to make sure your day goes smoothly, I'm there to let you experience your special day stress-free, and most importantly I'm there to document it as amazingly as possible.
So let's meet up for a cup of coffee and a talk about you, how you met, and your wedding! If you aren't located in Columbus, Ohio I'd love to arrange a Skype call to create a customized package for wherever around the world your wedding may be!
Fill out the form below and i'll get back to you within 24 hours. If you don't hear back within that time frame, please feel free to email me directly at firstname.lastname@example.com.
On average, most clients spend $3,500
Get in Touch


text: Dear Annie, About four years ago, a preacher and his family moved next door to us, and we have had it up to here with them. The latest episode involved a sweet little boxer puppy about 6 months old. The preacher's son-in-law wanted a puppy for Christmas, so they gave him "Fifi." She cried for two days in her new environment, then suddenly stopped and now never makes a sound. I once saw the son-in-law whipping the dog because it wanted to play, pulling at his wife's blue jeans as she walked. That was one of only two times they've had Fifi out on a leash since Christmas. The rest of the time, she is kept outdoors in a large chain-link cage, 10 feet high. She gets no attention, just food and water. She stays in the enclosure 24 hours a day, even in extremely cold weather. I am a dog lover and treat my animals with utmost care and kindness. It breaks my heart to see the little boxer pup sitting in the doorway of her house, longing for some love and attention. If all some people want is a pet to ignore, they should get a goldfish. Is there anything I can do? Angry and Sad Dear Angry, If you believe Fifi is being mistreated, call your local Humane Society and report it. You can do so anonymously. The Humane Society will send someone to investigate, and if the situation merits intervention, they will handle it. Please don't simply watch and fume. You have an opportunity to protect this animal, and we hope you will do so. Dear Annie, My parents own a restaurant. I am employed there, but am looking for a new job. Why? Because I feel like a slave. I was hired as a server. But I have to go to work early to start off as a hostess, then hit the floor as a server, and finish off with busing tables and closing out the till. I show up early when others call in sick, and often stay late to make sure everything is done right. Yet my dad complains that I'm "milking them for all they're worth" because I expect to be paid. If I say anything about it to my mother, she brushes it off. My parents expect me to become the manager someday, but I have told them repeatedly that I do not want the position. None of my co-workers respects me, and they assume I get away with stuff because I am the bosses' daughter. I have worked 11-hour shifts when no one else will come in. I have worked eight days in a row to cover someone else's shift, but no one will cover mine. I take no vacations. My dad comes in twice a week to put in the food order and talk to the cooks. He treats my mother and me terribly, but the other employees are golden. I feel overworked and unappreciated. I don't want to answer the phone when my parents call. I know they love me, but I'm tired of feeling like their doormat. How do I continue to handle this stress until I find a new job? Frustrated Dear Frustrated, Your parents are grooming you to someday take over the restaurant and need you to understand that the boss has the responsibility to work harder than everyone else. If you do not intend to follow them into the business, you should inform them immediately, suggest they hire a real manager, insist on being paid and treated as a regular server, and spend more time looking for another job. Dear Annie, If you can stand one more letter on siblings resembling each other, I want to comment on "Not Her Twin in Tennessee," who was offended when compared to her sister. I grew up in a large family, and comments on sibling resemblance happen often. When my brother is told he looks like his sister, he responds, "It depends where you look." Not Offended Out West Dear Not, We love it. Thanks. ANNIE'S MAILBOX KATHY MITCHELL AND MARCY SUGAR


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Wednesday, October 26, 2016
Steamed Egg 蒸水蛋 by Angela Seah Thulin
To make this soft silky steamed egg - all you need is just eggs and a packet of swanson chicken broth. Since Swanson chicken broth is not available where I live, below is another easy recipe using other ingredients but achieving the same result.
Recipe using Swanson broth - http://platepalate2014.blogspot.se/2016/10/smoothie-steamed-egg-by-josephine-toh.html
Facebook link - https://www.facebook.com/sassyangelakitchen/photos/a.233714530168481.1073741830.233664896840111/603373279869269/?type=3&theater
Ingredients -
300ml warm water
3 eggs
1/2 tsp salt
1/8 tsp knorr chicken granules
few dashes of ground white pepper
1 tsp light soy sauce
1 tsp garlic oil
spring onions, chopped
Steps -
1. Crack 3 eggs in a bowl.
2. Lightly beat the eggs as you pour in the warm water.
3. Then add seasoning and mix well.
4. Strain the egg mixture into a bowl.
5. Cover with heatproof cling wrap.
6. In ready boiling hot water, steam this in LOW HEAT for 10 minutes or until set.
7. Topped with garlic oil and soy sauce. Done!
Recipe origin - Huang Kitchen
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Two BBC news stories, one published on August 29th the other on September 30th, contain video of an alleged Syrian government "napalm" attack on a "Syrian school playground" during the last week of August 2013. The September 30th video refers back to the original story, one month previously.
Both videos are from the same 'Panorama' investigative reporting program that aired on August 30th, the same day that the UK parliament rejected Prime Minister David Cameron's attempt to sanction the NATO bombing of Syria.
Both videos contain the testimony of an English doctor allegedly working with the supposedly humanitarian 'NGO' 'Hand in Hand for Syria'.
The doctor in question may be a Doctor Rola, who appears to be a British ex-pat or 'exiled' Syrian woman or, perhaps, the daughter of Syrian 'exiles'.
Doctor Rola appeared on BBC's Newsnight program on August 31st, 1 day after the UK parliament vote where she complained about the fact that Cameron's move to attack Syria had been rejected.
The two video segments in question are a few minutes long and, like all of the BBC's coverage of Western government's proxy war in Syria, they attempt to make a case for the "Assad bombing his own people" (the same lies that we spread about Gaddafi). Read More →


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Meta-Chart.com, ChartGo.com and RapidTables.com are some websites that provide pie chart creators. PieColor.com and the Kids Zone section of the National Center for Education Statistics website, nces.ed.gov, provide simple pie chart creators for school-age children.
Meta-Chart.com is affiliated with Mathway and provides pie charts for math equations and solutions. Normal and 3-D chart types are available. ChartGo.com offers a pie chart creator for business and finance. The user enters the data, color and measurements to build the chart. The pie chart maker at RapidTables.com allows the finished chart to be downloaded.
PieColor.com is designed for younger students to create and download colored pie charts. The NCES Kid Zone provides a pie chart creator and offers examples of how a pie chart is best used.


text: Select an international website Zoover.at Zoover.be Zoover.ch Zoover.com Zoover.com.tr Zoover.com.ua Zoover.cz Zoover.de Zoover.dk Zoover.es Zoover.fr Zoover.gr Zoover.hu Zoover.it Zoover.lt Zoover.nl Zoover.no Zoover.pl Zoover.pt Zoover.ro Zoover.ru Zoover.se Home Destinations Accommodations Add review Add review Add photos Add videos Add new accommodation Add attraction Home Add review Spain Navarra Viana Accommodations Viana Reviews (0) Photos & videos (4) Accommodations (2) Weather forecast Map Tips (0) Question and Answer (0) Appreciation 8.0 Culture 7.0 Surroundings 8.0 Atmosphere 8.0 Weather 7° / 13° 16 Dec 2018 Weather forecast and climate... 8 1 Review Are you looking for a well-reviewed accommodation for your holiday in Viana? Below you can find all accommodations in Viana. Find the best deals Most visitors found the best deal for Viana with: 1 Booking.com Check price TOP More suppliers Collapse Sort by Zoover recommends Rating Reviews Distance from centre 2 Accommodations Spain, Navarra, Viana Location Radius: Select 2 km 10 km 20 km 50 km Country Spain Region Navarra Destination Viana Accommodation Accommodation star count 3 4 Facilities Room service Elevator Snack bar / cafeteria More facilities User Rating Number of reviews 1 Review 7-8.4 Good1 Scores well regarding Appreciation Location Value for money Rooms More criteria Contributions 1 Search within results: 8 click Add review Hotel: Palacio De Pujadas *** Viana, 0.2 km from center Spain Navarra Viana - click Add review Hotel: Husa Las Canas **** Viana, 9.6 km from center Spain Navarra Viana Hotels Hotels in Pamplona Hotels in Tudela Information about Viana Weather Viana Map Viana Photos Viana Videos Viana Question and Answer Viana Destinations nearby Laguardia Logrono Albelda de Iregua El Ciego Azuelo Fuenmayor Bernedo Are you looking for a well-reviewed accommodation for your holiday in Viana? Below you can find all accommodations in Viana. Viana scores a 8.0 out of 10, based on 1 reviews read more Are you looking for a good reviewed accommodation for your holiday in Viana? Below you can find all accommodations in Viana. You can find comments regarding 2 Hotels in Viana. Please use the filters on the left to find your ideal accommodation. Furthermore you can find 4 holiday photos regarding Viana on the Zoover website. - - - Less text


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When the FBI shows up at your company with a search warrant in a bribery investigation, it's best to be prepared. And it's also best to understand what's expected of you. When we ran a blog post earlier this year about being prepared for a "dawn raid" we got a great response from John Hanson, who is a CFE and former Special Agent with the FBI, as well as an instructor, speaker and founder and executive director of Artifice, a forensic financial services firm. With his permission, we have condensed his comments into the following post on what companies can expect when the FBI visits their offices to execute a search warrant.
In the execution of a search warrant, there are two primary concerns of Law Enforcement: 1) safety of both the Law Enforcement personnel and civilians; 2) preservation of the evidence. Because of this, when executing a search warrant, even in alleged fraud (non-violent) matters, Law Enforcement will first take actions to control the scene of the search.
An Agent/Officer would most likely approach the receptionist to "announce" his or her identity and purpose – the intent to execute a search warrant – to fulfill the "knock and announce" requirement as per Title 18, USC, Section 3109. This announcement would coincide with other Law Enforcement personnel immediately (even simultaneously) proceeding to secure the premises (for the reasons noted above).
Cooperation isn't Optional
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While not all employees will be asked to submit to formal interviews, they should expect that law enforcement will ask for their name(s) and other identifying information. Frequently, that information will be used to check for any outstanding warrants before the person(s) is released.
Don't Expect a Lot of Detail
Once the scene is under law enforcement's control, one of the lead law enforcement persons will look for and be happy to speak with company executives and/or counsel, but will not likely share a great deal of information. In many instances, the affidavit in support of the search warrant may be under seal, so that its particulars are not available to the company. The search warrant itself reveals little; it is merely the Court Order authorizing the search. The search warrant may or may not be shown to company personnel initially and usually will not be shown until the premises are at least secured (under their control).
Law enforcement is required to leave a copy of the search warrant (and affidavit if not sealed), along with a "receipt" or list of the items seized, when they complete the search and release control of the premises. Law Enforcement frequently will not even allow executives or their counsel to remain present on the premises during the search. If something was seized that was outside the scope of the search warrant, the company and/or their counsel cannot prevent the initial seizure, only argue about it after the fact.
Law Enforcement recognizes and appreciates attorney/client privilege and will have a procedure to deal with documents that might fall under this privilege; however, it is law enforcement that makes the determination about seizure, not the company or their counsel. Once again, if the company or counsel feels that something was seized that was privileged, they must make their arguments after the fact of the seizure or otherwise as provided for by the Law Enforcement agency's procedures for addressing such matters on-site, if any.
Cooperation is Key
During the search, to the extent that a company may be asked to provide technical assistance, such as with IT systems, they should consider doing so. Similarly, to the extent that company personnel can provide information or assistance that would help law enforcement to more safely and efficiently conduct their search (i.e. providing keys for locked doors or closets, passwords, etc.), it positively reflects on the company's willingness to cooperate (obviously in the context of their individual and company rights and in accordance with due process).
Employees should be warned not to tamper with or destroy evidence. Not only do such actions compromise the credibility of the company and reflect very negatively on their willingness to cooperate, but in the context of a search warrant, the employees who take such actions may subject themselves to personal criminal exposure (i.e. Title 18, USC, Section 2232 and 2233).
Keeping a record of the search itself is largely not possible in any detail, as company personnel and counsel are most often not permitted to be present during the search. It would be appropriate and advisable to designate a person to keep as much of a record of the search as possible, such as when it began and ended, how many law enforcement personnel were present, description of items observed as seized (i.e. being carried out for transport), etc., but it should not be expected that this record will be of great detail. A record of what was actually seized may be, with some significant effort, reconstructed by the company after-the-fact. Such a record will be provided by law enforcement in the form of a "receipt" upon completion of the search as required by law.
Unfortunately for most companies, such receipts are not very detailed, particularly in fraud related investigations where an entire filing cabinet, for example, might be seized after several documents were located within it that were subject to seizure according to the search warrant.
One final important element of responding to search warrant is a plan to have seized documents and items returned to the company in a timely manner. For example, if law enforcement seized computers, that seizure may prevent the company from being able to conduct their business. The law still holds that one is innocent until proven guilty and the company has the right to be able to continue doing business until (and if) proven guilty and that right removed. The company should begin asking for such items and records to be returned as soon as possible and take it up with the Court if they are not returned within a reasonable time.
Related Resources
How to Write and Enforce Your Ethics and Compliance PolicyArticle
Ethical and Legal Workplace MonitoringArticle
Fraud Recovery Statistics in Canada Paint a Sad PictureArticle
Sexual Harassment of Interns is AllowedArticle
12 Tips for International Fraud Prevention WeekArticle
Top 20 Tips for Preventing Data TheftArticle
The Bully Coach – a Role Model?Article
11 Types of Workplace Harassment (and How to Stop Them)Article
How to Write and Enforce Your Ethics and Compliance PolicyArticle
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Fraud Recovery Statistics in Canada Paint a Sad PictureArticle
Sexual Harassment of Interns is AllowedArticle
12 Tips for International Fraud Prevention WeekArticle
Top 20 Tips for Preventing Data TheftArticle
The Bully Coach – a Role Model?Article
11 Types of Workplace Harassment (and How to Stop Them)Article


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MyMaximConnect offers home care, medical facility staffing and school health care services. It also offers autism and applied behavior analysis services. In addition, it offers non-medical/companion care.
Maxim Healthcare Services provides specialized services to various organizations operating in many areas of the health care industry. Each division of the organization is specialized to serve a specific area.
Through its offices nationwide, Maxim Healthcare Services provides personal care and management services in home. It also delivers treatment of various conditions. At Maxim Healthcare Services, skilled nurses, home health aides, therapists and medical social workers provide home care services.
Maxim Healthcare Services companions assist seniors, new parents, and others who might need non-medical care or extra help on an as-needed basis. Maxim Healthcare Services provides local, national and regional staffing services to various health care facilities.
Maxim Healthcare Services provides a comprehensive line of wellness services to senior living facilities, schools and medical offices. It also serves retail and corporate clients. Maxim Healthcare Services has partnered with BioIQ to create its own tablet-based software application that combines the health screening process with wellness options and provides real-time data management and analysis. The organization manages the set-up, clean-up and management of the flu and wellness program.
Some Maxim Healthcare Services offices provide in-home autism therapy and tutoring services. They provide one-on-one applied behavior analysis services for households with children who suffer from autism.


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You look fantastic.
KAREEM, left: We're heading to a presentation, so we want to look sharp. I'm doing my Professor Collie garb. We try to stay on top of our game. We're businessmen, and we're icons for our business.
DONALD: Kareem represents the creative and I represent the business side, and I think our style reflects that.
Have you been partners a long time?
DONALD: No, but we've known each other since college. There's a whole lot of trust.
Describe these outfits.
KAREEM: These are herringbone slacks by Yoko Devereaux, paired with a nice cream turtleneck sweater. I was afraid of looking too Euro, so I put on this little straw hat that I usually wear in the summertime.
DONALD: This is a blue Ralph Lauren blazer that I bought and then changed the buttons. They were gold with a sailor emblem, and now they're silver with crests. It's a Rod Keenan hat—rabbit fur with an alligator strap—a Paul Smith scarf, a Brunello Cucinelli sweater, and an Armani watch.
Do your looks help your business?
DONALD: When people meet us for the first time, before we even open our mouths, they get excited. They want to work with us. It's a certain atmosphere that we bring, a certain aura. It's all very connected.
KAREEM: I had a client walk into a meeting one day and say to me, "If you had come in here dressed any other way, I would ask to see your portfolio. But I can tell by the way that you're dressed, that you're sharp, and that you're on it. Let's just do it."


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It's come to our attention that our personnel tabulation and tracking systems are in a state of disarray. Clashtalk strives to maintain an orderly and comprehensive inventory of all that we find objectionable.
Therefore, the time has come for us, as a community, to ritually debase that which we deplore. So let us provisionally identify all categories of people and specific individuals* for nomination to the Clashtalk Enemies List. THIS IS A SHARED ENDEAVOR PEOPLE. Don't be a shirker.
*In addressing the category of Gawker Media commenters: while it may be tempting to be unerringly precise, I would counsel a firm prohibition against identifying a specific commenter; instead consider for submission types of commenters whose shenanigans are not to be tolerated. Named individual commenters will be dismissed. Our individual enemies here in the kinjaverse all know who they are, and feel the burn of our steely gazes on the regular.


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to see enlargement, click on any image
At the start of the Feb. 22, Maryland Symphony Orchestra concert, Maestro Barry Tuckwell strode onto the stage in black tie and tails, but greeted his audience as comfortably as if he were in blue jeans.
He didn't reveal any of the nervousness he later said he felt.
"We had a great time last night, so you're in for a great treat."
He chatted a bit about the program, turned, raised his baton and conducted a perfomance that he later rated as the orchestra's best ever.
"He really makes you feel a part of it. That's why I like him so much. He's so good with people," said Richard Ashworth from his seat in the balcony during intermission.


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Works are progressing well with the first of the six artificial pitch for Queen Ethelburgas College.
The complete works involve one full sized water based artificial pitch for hockey, two full sized artificial pitch for Rugby and football, two youth development sized artificial pitch for rugby and football with a large artificial pitch area to be used as warm up and training grids.
The inclusion of the six new artificial pitch at Queen Ethelburgas College allows the site to be a complete sports development hub with all artificial pitch facilities being to either RFU, FIFA and FIH standards meaning the site can meet all levels of sporting standards.


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Time for full transparency on pharmaceutical money
TheStar.com – Opinion/Commentary – The problem of pharmaceutical companies' undue influence in our health-care system goes well beyond payments made to physicians. Ontario's sunshine law should be designed accordingly.
July 7, 2017. By
Ontario's Minister of Health Eric Hoskins recently announced the government may oblige the pharmaceutical industry to disclose all payments to physicians. The initiative is long overdue, but to be effective, it must be broader, backed with adequate enforcement, significant penalties for those who break the law, and further conditions for payment transparency.
Sunshine rules only do so much. We must examine the damage done by industry-related financial conflicts of interests on health care, and restore integrity that wins back the public's trust.
Physician sunshine rules address problems that have been extensively examined. Studies find that financial ties between doctors and industry lead to over-diagnosis of disease — a process called disease mongering — and over-prescription.
A recent analysis even found that the more money a doctor receives, the more likely that physician is to prescribe expensive brand name drugs. Pharmaceutical industry money has also been used to create marketing material that is cleverly disguised as medical research or educational tools, and to help skew how safety and efficacy data gets presented to the public.
Committees that evaluate drugs and medical devices or write prescribing guidelines are regularly stacked with physicians who have financial relationships with companies benefitting from committee decisions.
Inappropriate use of pharmaceuticals is a leading trigger of hospitalization in North America and causes more deaths each year than traffic accidents. The political pressure for Minister Hoskins's initiative was sparked by the latest example of pharma corruption. North America's opioid crisis largely results from opioid manufacturers funding physicians to act as their lobbyists and to push for more widespread prescription.
In 2010, the United States passed the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, forcing companies to disclose money and gifts they provide to doctors. France, Portugal and Slovakia enacted related laws. Other countries may follow suit. For years, Canadian commentators called upon governments to do the same, but many Canadians seem to believe that health-care corruption is an American phenomenon. In May 2015, we met with Minister Hoskins to provide lessons from the U.S. experience, and argued Ontario sunshine regulations should extend beyond the disclosure of physician payments.
Here is why. Industry funds physician education and helps create free medical textbooks that favour corporate products. These subtle forms of pay-for-play fill out industry's marketing strategy that includes free lunches for residents and the funding of patient advocacy groups that lobby governments for drug and device approval and funding. Even medical journals are often beholden to industry interests, making money by selling reprints of industry-sponsored studies. Not all financial ties are so problematic, but transparency helps disentangle fraud from responsible corporate citizenship.
We recommend that Ontario and Canada adopt the French approach, which requires disclosure of industry contributions to all health-care providers, academic institutions, medical researchers, patient groups, PR agencies, professional societies, and media outlets. Provincial and federal governments in Canada should collaborate to ensure full transparency in health care. Partial transparency provides false assurance and creates complacency.
Will transparency work? The U.S. law has fairly strict penalties and reporting compliance to capture different types of transactions. Companies have to know that they are being watched and that they will feel it in their wallet if they try to evade the law. Canada must do the same, and even more.
Transparency is only a first step. As hidden payments come out of the shadows, it will be clearer why money in health care can be just as corrosive as it is in politics. A recent study examined a state sunshine law passed in the U.S. and found that, after payments to doctors became public, physicians began writing fewer prescriptions. This reaction makes sense because American doctors have become leery of becoming too cozy with pharmaceutical companies. The U.S. government has fined companies billions when they were caught in behavior that sunshine rules aim to curb, and in some instances, physicians have been prosecuted.
Despite similar problems and practices here in Canada, rules are enforced much more timidly. Health Canada, health professions regulatory colleges, and academic institutions rarely sanction industry, physicians and researchers after they are caught in questionable activities.
If we want to address the pharmaceutical industry's influence on our health-care system, it's time to pass new rules to shine a light on these practices that harm patients and increase health-care costs. A more transparent process will force leaders to stop ignoring corrosive behavior.
Trudo Lemmens is a professor at the University of Toronto where he holds the Scholl Chair in health law and policy at the Faculty of Law and the Dalla Lana School of Public Health. Paul D. Thacker is a journalist, and former U.S. Senate Staffer, who first drafted the Physician Payments Sunshine Act.
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