text:
President Obama: "No silver bullet" to stop rising gas prices
The average price for a gallon of gas rose a nickel over the weekend. Southern Californians paid on average $4.39 per gallon at the start of the week, about 50 cents higher than the national average.
A new ABC News poll found that 2 out of 3 Americans believe President Obama is doing a bad job at handling the surge in gas prices.
In an interview in the West Wing, President Obama said there is no easy way to immediately bring down the cost of gas.
"When you hear politicians saying that somehow they've got some magic formula to start getting $2 a gallon gas, they're not telling the truth," the president said. "The fact of the matter is, over the long term, the way we're going to save people money is to make sure that we're reducing demand. That's the only way that you can actually reduce gas prices."
A new federal report says domestic oil production is up and dependence on foreign oil is down. Still, many Americans believe that this has little impact when it comes to paying at the pump.
"The truth of the matter is that there's no silver bullet," President Obama said. "A lot of this is being set on the global stage because demand in China and India and other places is up."
The president also cited fears around the Middle East and the potential war between Israel and Iran. During a high-profile visit to the White House last week, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu threatened to strike Iran over its nuclear program.
A progress report on President Obama's blueprint for a secure energy future says oil imports have dropped by 1 million barrels per day and oil production is higher than it has been in a decade. Still, experts say gas could rise to $5 per gallon before the price comes down.
The president said the recently-passed payroll tax cut, which would allow workers to keep about $40 per pay period, could help Americans at the pump.
At a press briefing Monday, White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said opening the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, the nation's emergency oil supply, was on the table but there were no plans in the immediate future to tap it.
Afghan war will end by 2014, Obama says
President Obama offered his condolences to Afghan President Hamid Karzai and the people of Afghanistan following the shooting spree by an American soldier that left 16 Afghans civilians dead.
The U.S. vowed a thorough investigation into the apparently unprovoked systemic slaughter of the unarmed civilians, mostly women and children.
"I spoke to President Karzai, expressed my condolences and said we treat the death of Afghan civilians like this the same way we treat a series of deaths here in the United States, and we will bring the full weight of the law to bare," President Obama said.
Whether that will be enough to mend the relationship already strained by the inadvertent burning of Qurans by American troops two weeks ago remains to be seen. The Taliban has vowed revenge and Afghanistan wants the rogue American soldier put on trial in their country.
Recent polls show the majority of Americans believe the war in Afghanistan isn't worth fighting. President Obama said his plan to end the decade-long Afghan war by the end of 2014 isn't likely to change.
"It is still important for us to make sure that as we transition the Afghan lead, we don't rush for the exits in a way that could end up leading to more chaos and more disaster, not just for Afghanistan and the Afghan people, but also for the entire region and for our own security and safety," the president said.
Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano said Monday she is pleased with how prepared the city of Los Angeles - and Southern California as a whole - is to handle the threat of terrorism.
See video of Marc Brown discussing his experience at the White House


text:
Music Composers Unite!
I've re-worked this composition, arrangement, recording, mix, etc. This features Chris Alpiar on sax and Adrian Peek on drums.
Added by Doug Lauber on August 20, 2012 at 9:10pm — 1 Comment
Each summer I retire to my old countryhouse in les Vosges, in eastern France. This year I spent 6 weeks virtually alone on the mountain where my house overlooks de valley. It is, each time over and over again, a time of creative and hard work - in a sense.
This time was no different and the day I arrived - July 7th - I began immediately writing solos for harpsichord. It was as planned, because during May and June, I had intensively studied harpsichord suites by Jaqcues Duphly…Continue
Added by Jorgi 'Canaeus' D'hondt on August 17, 2012 at 4:23pm — 1 Comment
Yes, I've been a member here for about that long now. Since joining, my musical productivity had gone up, I've built an amateur recording studio for guitar and even released my first amateur studio recording (all amateur, of course :P). I've made some new friends and tons of colleagues both inside and outside of this site. So, overall, I'm happy to have joined and plan on continuing to be as active a member as I can.
Outside of music, my life has seen some significant ups and…Continue
Added by Noah Fraioli on August 9, 2012 at 12:22pm — 2 Comments
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Texas weddings have a charm about them that simply can't be duplicated. It's just something that seems to come to effortlessly for those that call that pretty state home, and we get to reap the rewards through weddings like this one by Matthew Moore. Perfectly lovely and focused on family, it doesn't get much more charming than the images sitting right here.
From Matthew Moore... Bryan and Danielle hoped to keep things as simple as possible for their garden wedding at Tiny Boxwoods in Houston,Texas. They wanted two things: a meaningful ceremony and delicious food. So, when a thunderstorm rolled in hours before the outdoor wedding, the couple was surprisingly calm. An hour before the start time, the clouds broke from the morning rain and the sun emerged just in time for their "first look" in the garden....beautifully captured in these photos. Bryan and Danielle vividly remember the worshipful ceremony which was framed by fresh herbs and flowering kale in all the bouquets. The evening ended with the couple's favorite foods from the personalized menu and some creative alternatives to wedding cake: tiny pies in small mason jars and cookies with milk. They danced under the gazebo to their favorite song (Heavenly Day by Patti Griffin) and provided each guest with a parting gift of home-dried basil from their garden.


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Xerces2 is the next generation of high performance, fully compliant XML parsers in the Apache Xerces family. This new version of Xerces introduces the Xerces Native Interface (XNI), a complete framework for building parser components and configurations that is extremely modular and easy to program. The Apache Xerces2 parser is the reference implementation of XNI but other parser components, configurations, and parsers can be written using the Xerces Native Interface. For complete design and ...
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text:
Today we see the 69th anniversary of Operation Market Garden.
On 17 September 1944 thousands of paratroopers descended from the sky by parachute or glider up to 150 km behind enemy lines. Their goal: to secure to bridges across the rivers in Holland so that the Allied army could advance rapidly northwards and turn right into the lowlands of Germany, hereby skirting around the Siegfried line, the German defence line. If all carried out as planned it should have ended the war by Christmas 1944.
Unfortunately this daring plan, named Operation Market Garden, didn't have the expected outcome. The bridge at Arnhem proved to be 'a bridge too far'. After 10 days of bitter fighting the operation ended with the evacuation of the remainder of the 1st British Airborne Division from the Arnhem area.
From today onwards, I will be posting translations of the official German situational reports sent from OB West (High Command West) to OKH (High Command of the Army), to show the German view of Market Garden "as it happened". Be sure to check back tomorrow.
17th of September 1944:
Army Group B – Summary
The 17th of September was characterized by major allied airborne landings in the area between Eindhoven and Arnhem. The enemy, in strength of two to three divisions, is trying to secure and hold all crucial crossing points on rivers and canals to keep them open for the 2nd English Army moving towards the north. Everywhere training and supply units of all branches of the Wehrmacht are assembling to counter the enemy threat. So far, according to the news we have, the enemy was only partially successful, but it's highly probable that he will continue to land more troops during the night. The lack of strong and quick reaction forces makes this fight, which seems to be of vital importance for the enemy, difficult.
The English had initial successes against 1st Fallschirm-Army. Taking the landings north of Eindhoven into account, the situation there is exceedingly difficult.
On the right flank of 7th Army LXXI. Korps was pushed back towards the north. Own counterattacks east of Aachen seem to be having an effect.
The general situation of Army Group B is very critical. Reinforcements, especially of heavy self-propelled anti-tank units are urgently requested. Lack of fuel is preventing an effective defense as is the total lack of counter measures from the air and from the ground.
LXXXIX.A.K.: Rearguards facing strong enemy tank forces falling back to the line of the canal south of Saint-Jean-in-Eremo and Gravenjansdijk. Attack on own rear guards near Rieme and Drieschouwen. Own counterattack to destroy an encircled enemy force (one battalion) near Kijkuit. One tank destroyed.
LXXXIX.A.K.: Strong enemy forces spotted 4 kilometers south-east of Eeckeren.
331st Infantry-Division: 4 enemy gliders landed in the area Schouwen and Mordijk. Crews taken prisoner or destroyed. One company of enemy paratroopers destroyed north of Steenbergen by Combat Command Bergen Op Zoom. 12 prisoners.
Fs.A.O.K.1: At 1400h enemy airborne troops (101st US Airborne Division) landed north of Eindhoven with the task of taking the crossing points at Son, Best and St. Odenrode.
Crossing point at Son held by one battalion of regiment "Hermann Göring".
Fragments also landed in the area of Tilburg – Hertogenbosch. Ad-hoc and police units are sent against this enemy.
LXXXVIII.A.K.: Division Walter: On the late evening superior enemy forces managed to break through the encirclement of the bridgehead at Neerpelt, over running our anti-tank defences and pushing forward to Valkenswaard.
176. Infanterie-Division:
After heavy artillery preparation and rolling aerial attacks strong enemy infantry and tank units attacked from the direction north of Maastricht and achieved a breakthrough. Moved into own blocking positions to both sides and south of Leuth and east of the Maas near Beek in the direction of Geleen-Heerlen. 25 enemy tanks destroyed in chaotic fighting.
Lively enemy fighter-bomber activity with overlapping carpet bombing.
W.B.Ndl. & II. SS Pz Korps.
More airborne landings in the area of Nijmwegen and west of Arnhem. At Nijmwegen the enemy landed in the river bend hard north-east of the town and at Kranenburg, Groesbeek and Grave. Defenders are in combat with this enemy. In the area of Arnhem the enemy landings focused on the areas 1o kilometers west and north-west of the town. Battlegroup Tettau (5 Batallions) has been dispatched from Leersun to counter this enemy who is moving towards Arnhem. Elements of II. SS-Panzer-Korps are attacking from the north and north-east. Enemy forces inside Arnhem thrown back towards the west.
Elements of 9th SS Panzer Division reached and secured the bridge at Arnhem. Reconnaissance elements of 10th SS Panzer withdrawn towards Arnhem after having contact with the enemy about 6 kilometers SSE of Nijmegen.
Enemy aerial activity:
Strong allied fighter-bomber activity in Holland and north-western Germany in preparation for the allied airborne operations in southern Holland. During midmorning severe attacks by 4 engined bombers and fighter-bombers against our positions and command posts. Luftwaffe used all available forces to counter allied airborne landings in the area Nijmegen and Arnhem.
For German military history research requests please visit the dedicated consultancy site:


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If there's one thing you can be sure of at CES in Las Vegas each year, it's brand new headphones from all your favourite audio companies. 2018 is no different, and a plethora of new in-ear and on-ear headphones have landed.
- CES 2018: TVs, smart displays, laptops and connected devices to get excited about
- Best in-ear headphones: 10 great wired, wireless and wire-free earphones
- The best Bluetooth headphones 2018: top on/over-ear wireless headphones
This year's giant tech show has seen new designs from Audio Technica, Sony, Audeze and many of the usual suspects. There are a few key trends emerging here though: active noise cancelling (ANC), completely wire-free earphones and the rise of built-in smart assistants like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant.
Read on to find out more about the headphones you should be looking out for later in 2018:
Audio-Technica ATH-ANC700BT
No list of headphones is complete without at least one offering from well-regarded Japanese manufacturer, Audio-Technica. This year, the company launched a few different headphones at CES, but two stand out: the ATH-DSR5BT neckband in-ears and the ATH-ANC700BT.
Starting with the latter, these are the latest in AT's QuietPoint range of noise-cancelling headphones. The company claims they block out 90 per cent of external ambient noise. What's more, they support aptX audio wirelessly, and can playback high-res audio using the included cable.
Perhaps more crucially, the battery life matches some of the best out there. With noise cancelling turned on, they can last 25 hours on a single charge, or up to 45 hours in wired mode. They'll be available from Spring for £199.
Audio Technica ATH-DSR5BT
Perhaps more impressive than the new over-ears is the new pair of neckband in-ears. The new ATH-DSR5BT feature the manufacturer's Pure Digital Drive system which helps deliver a brilliant completely digital signal.
Inside the earbuds you'll find dual phase push-pull drivers which pairs a 9.8mm driver opposite an 8.8mm one, they move in opposite directions and set out of phase, which helps reduce distortion. In short, they should sound fantastic.
It supports Bluetooth aptX HD, meaning you get 24-bit Hi-Res audio over a wireless connection if you have the compatible files and supported device. You also get the advantage of latency free response for all your other audio files too.
The new neckband earphones will come to the market in Spring 2018 and cost a healthy £349.
JBL Everest 310GA
A duo of on/over-ears appeared from JBL, the Everest 310GA and 710GA, with an exciting built-in feature: Google Assistant.
Yep, the voice-assistant from Google is available at the touch of an earcup. It's as simple as that. Ask a question out loud and Google responds right into your ears. You don't even need to say "Hey Google" to activate.
The Bluetooth-enabled 310GA cut the wires, while voice control means you needn't worry about getting your phone out of pocket. There are also physical controls on the earcup if you prefer to go hands-on with the controls.
The Everest 310GA will be available from Spring 2018, priced $199.
Audeze iSine LX
If you've never heard of Audeze, that's not really surprising. Their products are little different to everyone else's, but they're superb. So far, its Planar Magnetic iSine and Sine earphones have been priced pretty restrictively. The latest pair, however, are priced to be more attainable.
The Audeze iSine LX borrow much of the same technology found in the immense iSine 10 and iSine 20, but put inside a cheaper, and differently-styled body. Rather than the big, black TIE fighter look, this is more friendly.
Despite the cheaper $199 price, Audeze claims you'll still get incredible performance. They have Fluxor Magnets and Uniforce voice-coil technology to keep the clear accurate sound, with well controlled and deep bass capabilities.
Like the previous models, you can pay extra to get the Cipher cable which connects the earphones to your iPhone using a Lightning connector, but adds the benefit of having the audio handled by a dedicated DAC. In our experience, the music quality is noticeably enhanced using this DAC/Amplifier.
They're built in California available to buy in the US from now.
B&O Play H9i
Bang & Olufsen's lifestyle arm has introduced two new models of over-ear headphones, but the best of the two is undoubtedly the H9i. As the name reveals, it's an updated version of the brilliant BeoPlay H9 headphones.
The H9i comes with a more refined design, which specifically means larger aluminium discs equipped with touch controls on the outside, and slimmer ear cushions.
It's not just design that's been improved though, the H9i has an improved ANC (Active Noise Cancellation) system which is better at blocking out voices around you.
This ANC feature also has a new transparency mode which lets you instantly shut off music and be aware of your surroundings. Using a proximity sensor, the headphones can also detect when you take them off and automatically pause your music.
What's more, there's an added bass port for improved bass response, so the sound should be even more immersive than before. As a bonus, you also get better battery life than its predecessor. It's four hours longer, in fact, thanks to redesigned internal circuitry.
The H9i will be available to purchase from 25 January for the princely sum of £449. But if our experience of the previous H9 is anything to go by, they'll be worth the outlay.
House of Marley Uprise
While the new Uprise wireless earphones might not rock the boat in terms of specifications, there is one good reason to look out for them: sustainable design. They're built from a non-toxic silicone and wood fibre composite resin.
What's more, House of Marley has partnered with non-profit group One Tree Planted, and will give a percentage of each sale to them to help with global reforestation and sustainability efforts.
They cost just $99.99 and - with their IPX5 weather resistance - are built to endure your workouts, whether they're indoors or outdoors.
Jabra Elite 65t and Elite Active 65t
Jabra's Elite Sport earphones have always reviewed well. Thanks to their impeccable wireless connection, decent sound and useful sports features. For 2018, Jabra's redesigning its wire-free earphones, and loading them up with a couple of new features.
The Jabra Elite 65t and Elite Active 65t buds are two versions of the same product, the latter of which is designed more for sports use, while the former is more for daily listening.
Like its predecessor, the 65t can be personalised through the dedicated Jabra Sound+ app, but more importantly, can last up to five hours outside of the charging case. Combined with the battery in the case, they can achieve up to 15 hours of use before needing to be plugged in.
The built-in four microphone system should ensure crystal-clear voice calls, while the built-in Alexa assistant gives them an edge.
For the extra $20 you'd need to pay for the Elite Active, you get IP56 sweat and dust resistance, a more snug fit and an accelerometer for activity tracking. Sadly, no heart-rate monitor is mentioned at all.
You'll be able to buy the Elite 65t for $170 in mid-January, while the active variant won't be out until sometime in April, and will cost $190.
Libratone Track+
Not to be outdone by its competition, Libratone has launched its own pair of high-end neckband style earphones. Named Track+, they're designed to be easy, discreet and comfortable to wear and they happen to be IPX4-rated against sweat and splashes.
Like many other flagship earphones these days, they also have their own take on Active Noise Cancelling. In fact, Libratone's latest creation lets you choose between four different levels of ANC, depending on how much noise you want to let through.
One of these is a "Hush" mode that lets in all external noise so that you can hear what's going on around you without taking out the earphones.
The Libratone Track+ will be launched later this year, in the summer, and priced at £169. There will also be another pair launched without ANC that costs £120.
Sony WF-SP700N
Over the past couple of years, Sony has really upped its game in both the over-ear headphone and in-ear market. Last year's wire-free WF-1000X won the Pocket-lint Award for the best in-ears of 2017, and the company's set to bring similar performance to the sports market.
Sony's latest announcement is the WF-SP700N, which it claims is the first pair of wire-free in-ears with both noise-cancelling and splash-proof design. That means you can wear them out and about in the city, or during a sweaty workout, and they should survive.
They've been designed to stay snugly in your ears, thanks to the arc-supporting fin that sticks out from each bud. As a bonus, these will eventually have Google Assistant capabilities too.
Perhaps the only downside here is that they won't be available to buy until June 2018, but will only cost $180, which is certainly affordable for a device with these features.
How about something extra special? AKG's top-end in-ear headphones bring together everything of the brand's expertise for an unparalleled in-ear audio experience. And an unparalleled price, at $1,000/£1,000.
Sure, they're expensive, but if you want audiophile grade and the best-of-best in every feature then the N5005 has you covered.
With a five driver system, the N5005 delivers reference in-ear sound. However, the sound profile can also be adjusted by fitting one of four filters to enhance bass, highs, mids. Clever.
The detachable cable system means top-end sound - up to 40,000Hz, high-end listeners - or removal for aptX HD and Hi-Res Audio compliant sound via Bluetooth is also possible (with an eight hour battery life).
Each N5005 comes with its own unique production number, featuring a carry case, cleaning kit, flight adapter, and four sets of ear-tips (plus three sets of SpinFit tips).
Best get saving up if unbeatable in-ears are your dream way to listen to music.


text:
Two Algarve PSP officers last weekend prevented a man from committing suicide from a bridge in Faro.
The incident happened during the early hours of Sunday morning.
According to reports, the officers managed to talk the man down and seek professional help.
The police officers have also thanked the citizen who called the police to inform them of the situation.


text:
Whitechapel Gallery
17 December 2010 – 6 March 2011
The third in a series of four displays from the D. Daskalopoulos Collection, Greece, Current Disturbance (1996) fills the gallery with the sound of electric current feeding flashing lightbulbs in a vast grid of metal cages. As the bulbs light up and fade out at irregular intervals, they illuminate the surrounding room and the mass of wiring covering the floor.
// From our friends at E-Flux


text:
This site is a place for Ms Findlater's Year 11 English GCSE students to upload work, view and comment on one another's work and revise topics for their GCSE English Language and English Literature course. Thanks for visiting.
Friday, 9 November 2012
2. Spoken Language - The Question
We will start our official class blogging next week where we will be beginning to look at our final Unit 3 Spoken Language controlled assessment - The Spoken Language Study. In this controlled assessment you will analyse two transcripts of spoken language and write it up in the form of an analytical essay.
Your essay title is below:
How and why do teenagers adapt their talk in different situations?
Any initial thoughts on this question?
Comments below please.
Miss F
51 comments:
What kind of situations though?? Just anything or everything in general? ;oReplyDeleteReplies
Think about school, home or work. How about in person or on the phone? Any ideas?Delete
It depends on the situation that the teenager is in.ReplyDeleteReplies
I agree. In what is the situation do you think people are most 'themselves'?Delete
- Mayuren15 November 2012 at 10:54
Teenagers adapt the way they talk in different situations. If they are talking to friends at school, they will talk more casual and informal. Whereas if they are talking to an adult, they will talk less casual - as they feel more confident with their friends.ReplyDeleteReplies
Do you think people do this conciously or without realising?Delete
Teengers can change the way the speak by changing or shortening words depending on who there with eg, friends or family.ReplyDeleteReplies
What words are often shortened by teenagers? I think I oftern shorten 'you' to 'ya' without realising.Delete
Teenagers speak differently in different situations because they are surrounded by different people.ReplyDeleteReplies
Why do you think we mirror what other around us do sometimes?Delete
Teenagers talk differently in situations depending on who they are around and what their surroudnings are, such as at home or out with friends they will talk differently.ReplyDeleteReplies
How dothey talk differently? Can you explain?Delete
If people are with their friends or people they are more comfortable around they will be more loud and confident where as when they're with people they dont like they don't talk.ReplyDeleteReplies
- JACOB R.KELLY MASEYK15 November 2012 at 10:58
I think the media is a big influence and the common interests among your friends is also a factor, people you are more confident and comfortable around will alter your language than when you are around new people.ReplyDeleteReplies
Nicely put Jacob.Delete
Teenagers come up with different words and phrases everyday when talking to eachother.ReplyDeleteReplies
Can you think of some words you think teenagers use now that older generations do not use?Delete
language changes everyday so you have to adapt your language when youre with friends or in a work place for example.ReplyDeleteReplies
How do you use language differently in these situations do you think?Delete
- Anonymous15 November 2012 at 10:58
Depending on who you feel more comfortable with, you'll speak more confidently and loudly.ReplyDelete
Annabel ByromReplies
Can you expand on what soeaking more confidently would involve?Delete
- HANNAH !!!!15 November 2012 at 10:58
We adapt our way of talking in different situations because we are with different people and in different surrondings.ReplyDelete
Like if we want something we might be more polite and if we are trying to impress people of a higher status we might speak with more advanced language .Replies
Lots to think about here. Do you think there is a level of manipulation in the way we adapt our language then?Delete
What do you mean by higher status?Delete
- HANNAH !!!!15 November 2012 at 17:54
yeah , i think there is a bit of manipulation in a way - not necessarily intentionally- sometimes its just automatic. we've been taught how to speak to certain people in a certain way. we kind of do it to meet the needs of the people we are talking toDelete
- HANNAH !!!!15 November 2012 at 19:52
By higher status I mean people who have power over us.Delete
teenagers abbreviate there words when they are talking to their mates. This is an example of Elision.ReplyDeleteReplies
Using the key vocabulary already Eden! Impressive.Delete
Teenagers will adapt their language in many ways, mainly based around the people thay are with. If speaking to adults, mainly those with a level of senioraty, they will speak with a clerer fluency and formality, whereas when around friend they may speak informally, adapting words to suit the conversaton.ReplyDeleteReplies
Interesting, so do you think it is the sound or the contens of their language that changes?Delete
- MeganDupe15 November 2012 at 10:58
teenagers speak differently depending on their friends or surroundings as they are more likely to pick up different habits in how to pronounce some words or phrases.ReplyDeleteReplies
What are the habits that one might pick up?Delete
- Michael15 November 2012 at 10:59
I think teenagers adapt their language in many ways, partly down to the context of where they wre speaking ,and who they are speaking to.E.g-if they are with friends, then it would be fairly informal, however with the likes of parents and adults, they would speak with formality and a bit of seriousness as well! They adapt the way they speak due to the topic of conversation, and the people involved in the context of the conversation.ReplyDeleteReplies
Nicely phrased Michael. How would you say where you are influences your language?Delete
- Lauren Fletcher15 November 2012 at 10:59
When with different people, teenagers speak differently. With their friends they speak less formally than they would with their friends.ReplyDeleteReplies
How do people make their language more formal? What does this look / sound like?Delete
Teenagers speak differently depending on who their talking to because if you're talking to someone older than you, you talk more formally and if they're you're age you're more comfortable around them so your language is more casual.ReplyDeleteReplies
Can you expand on 'causal', what does this look like?Delete
depends on who they are with - parents and teachers will cause the person to be more formal whereas when people are with their friends they usually speak faster and use words that other people may not understandReplyDeleteReplies
What kind of words are you thinking of Simran?Delete
i think that teenagers speak differntly depending on who they are talking to and the sitautions they might be in, if you are talking o someone older than you or with more authority then the tone in your voice will be different to talking to your friends in the playground at school.ReplyDeleteReplies
What do you mean my tone of voice? Specific words or the way people actually sound?Delete
- Martine15 November 2012 at 11:00
with friends they are more relaxed and do pronounce all the letters in certain words.ReplyDeleteReplies
why do you think this is?Delete
I am so impressed with the ideas that you already have on this topic. You have clearly been thinking about this due to the last topic we studied. Your reflections on your own langugae histories have clearly helped your understanding of the issue. Happy teacher face :-)ReplyDelete
- Shivani20 November 2012 at 14:09
I think that teenagers are more conscious when talking around adults and people who are of a higher status, whereas around friends and people who are of a similar age, or if they are similar in some way, they become more casual and laid back about the language they use.ReplyDeleteReplies
What does this sound like Shivani? Can you give examples of relaxed talk?Delete
I think that teenages consiously choose how they talk to people however once they slip into habbits of using certain words they are then subconsiously used.ReplyDeleteReplies
Can you think of specific situations where teenagers choose their language carefully DeclanDelete
All comments will be moderated by Ms Findlater prior to being published. Please allow a little time to see it appear on the blog.


text:
Jay Gardner will rejoin his Geordie Shore castmates for the show's sixth series.
Original cast member Jay initially left the programme at the end of series three in Mexico to pursue other projects.
MTV has announced that Jay will fly to Australia to join the rest of the cast for the next series where the group will stay in a luxury apartment in Sydney.
On his return to MTV UK's highest-rating show ever, Jay said: "Wow Series 6 in Oz. So excited! Can't wait to surprise everyone in the house when they hear the doorbell to find out it's me Jay!"
The reality TV star made it clear that he was looking forward to being reunited with his friends from Geordie Shore.
"I can't wait to catch up with the lads in Australia, especially my mate Gaz, and see what this Scotty guy is really all about! Will be great catching up with the girls in the house too. I just hope that there's less drama this time than Cancun," he said.
Among the current cast members is Jay's former love interest Vicky Pattison, whose ex-fiancé Ricci Guarnaccio - along with Dan Thomas - recently announced he would not be returning for the sixth series, due to air this summer.


text: The Next Day David Bowie Previous image Next image Zoom Previous thumbnail Next thumbnail 1 of 1 The Next Day David Bowie 2 for £10 £5.99 Barcode: 887654618627 Duration: 53.1minsFormat: CD AlbumCategory: Rock & PopReleased: 11th March 2013 Earn Pure Points: 599 The Next Day Qty Back in stock soon Add to basket Where can I use my points? International delivery available.Free UK delivery on orders over £10. Usually dispatched within 24 hours. Click & Collect Get it delivered to a store near you with FREE click and collect available on this product. HubBox Click and Collect Get it delivered to one of over 4,000 HubBox locations for just £1 extra (plus any delivery charges) Share: Twitter Pinterest Facebook Google+


text:
KELOWNA - The Ki-Low-Na Friendship Society will be hosting a celebration of National Aboriginal Day on Tuesday, June 21. To accommodate the event, Leon Avenue from Pandosy Street to Ellis Street will be closed from 8:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m.; however, the intersections will not be affected.
There will be a minor re-routing of #97 Okanagan bus off of Leon Avenue for the duration of the event's road closure. Visit bctransit.com under Kelowna for routes and schedules.
For more information on road work, road closures and potential delays, visit kelowna.ca/roadreport.


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text:
I can remember vividly the first time I was introduced to the East Elementary computer lab. We walked in alphabetically to rows of what looked like TVs with keyboards attached. It was in this room I was introduced to not only the latest technology of the time, a technology that would be ever present in my adult life, but also a little game called "The Oregon Trail." Now as a first grader I was enamored by the capabilities of the computer as it educated me by playing a game based on the trail of Lewis and Clark.
Yet, unfortunately, I rarely was a winner at the game. You see my little family on the computer would always die from famine or drown crossing the river. Much of this was to my own expense since I refused to shoot the buffalo because as I learned earlier in the year they were an endangered species. PETA would have been so proud of the young activist in me. Yet, if you would have told me in first grade that I would someday be making my own trek to Oregon, I would have giggled and called you silly. Yet, in approximately 2 weeks I will be moving to Portland. While it comes with mixed emotion, I am truly jazzed about this new chapter in my life.
Yet, I can't help but be a little nervous as I leave everything I have ever known and move to a foreign place. I am leaving my loving family and friends to start my career. It is like starting from scratch. Yet, after visiting the hospital, walking the city, and meeting the people I believe that this is a place I could be truly happy. Yet, does my stomach do a somersault every time I think about packing up my quiet, comfortable life and moving- Absolutely.
I took a leap of faith, a chance, when I decided to move to Oregon, but I believe life is worth a chance. I don't want to be one of those people who is afraid to sail away from the shore. I want to meet life where it takes me. Now granted you don't have to go halfway across the country, but it applies to small aspects of your life. It is about the guy you asked out because you never thought he would go, the house you decided to buy, or the job you never thought you would get. It is about putting yourself out there, getting hurt, having successes, and experiencing life.
I am sure the Oregon Trail was as daunting to our ancestors as it is to me now. Yet, while they were faced with death daily, terrified of tomorrow, and endured pain, sweat, and tears for nothing more than a dream of a better life. I only hope that my road to Oregon will be less bumpy and dysentery free .
Thus, my hope for you is that you will embrace life and take a chance this week. Don't be afraid to start a new chapter in your life because "It is not the years in your life that matter, but the life in your years."


text:
Boots No7 Rebalancing Day Gel
22 reviews
77% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.0
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.0
Price: $$
Start your review
on 4/26/2012 1:19:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Green
I am liking this product so far. been using it a few weeks. have combination skin but I can't use regular lotions at all. they ALL clog my pores. so I researched and found out about gel moisturizers. This one is great for under my makeup. helps it go on easier. Doesn't feel sticky at all. Doesn't seem to break me out. The only thing bad about the packaging is the lid. it screws on kind of weird but that doesn't really bother me.
EDIT-I recently developed perioral dermatitis so I won't be using this anymore incase it was part of the cause just fyi. I hope to find something else similar eventually but maybe without silicone and parabens :/
on 11/8/2011 1:38:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Hazel
I had great expectations for this product after reading so many positive reviews about it here on MUA, but it didn't turn out like I expected it to. I have combination to oily skin and bought this product thinking that it would balance my skin and provide it with vitamins and nutrients. First of all, this gel took the longest time to absorb into my skin. I had to put it on and wait a few minutes to put on my sunscreen. Second, it left my skin feeling dry and sticky after being absorbed. Third, it clogged my pores. This product was not moisturizing enough for my skin, and besides making it peel off due to dryness, it also made my T-zone very oily (probably because my skin had to produce excess oil to moisturize itself). Not what I was expecting. I won't recommend this product to anyone, and will definitely not buy it again.
on 10/12/2011 1:22:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Hazel
Solid product for oily/combo skin. Not a bad price for $12.99 at Target.
At first, I was concerned that it wouldn't be moisturizing enough, and it might not be in the winter, but so far it seems to do the trick. My skin likes to fluctuate from dry to oily, but this seems to keep it in check. I also love that it absorbs so quickly and doesn't feel greasy before I put on my makeup. Perfect for a morning routine.
I've been pairing this with No. 7's Protect and Perfect Night Cream, and I like the results. For the first time in my life (I'm 24) someone told me I had perfect skin. Can't beat that!
on 9/10/2011 9:09:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Alright, first off, i want to say that i love this moisturizer. it is a "rebalancing' day gel and for my combo/acne prone skin, it has definitely helped. i found that this gel really calmed down the acne on my skin. I'm not entirely sure what it is, but no new blemishes have popped up and the older ones have disappeared or gone away with a few days. i really like the moisturizing property on this. it does make a difference to my skin. it's a gel so it sinks in super fast. i like to use this under my foundation or even under my tinted moisturizer because it is very light and it just gives that extra kick of moisture into my skin. you don't necessarily need to use a LOT of product for it to cover your face but if you wish to use this for night time, just layer on a thicker layer. i examined the night version vs the day version ... there were NO ingredients that were different so i didn't even bother getting the night version of this.
the only thing i REALLY don't like, is that fact that it's in a jar. BUT i have take a small spoon (like a baskin robins) to scoop it out. It seems to be a bit more sanitary than dipping my digits into it.
OH and if you're in CANADA, go to the states to get this. it is ALMOST 50% cheaper.
on 6/7/2011 8:51:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Curly, Coarse
Eyes: Green
I have found my HG moisturizer! This is so light and makes my skin feel so soft and moisturized. You need very little. This has improved the health of my skin and dare I say it might even glow! It has helped to heal my skin and calm it down. My only complaint is that it is in a tub and I don't like to dip my fingers in it.
on 4/22/2010 1:10:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Brown
This is pretty good at helping control the oil on my t-zone when worn under foundation. I have to use a very light layer though. Otherwise, it will do the opposite and cause my t-zone to be extremely oily. It is very light, and because of that I only use it in the day. At night I use oil to hydrate my skin. It is fragrance free which is good for my sensitive skin. I like the packaging.
on 3/9/2010 9:31:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Does a great job and evening out my complextion since I have an oily t-zone and dry everywhere else. Doesn't clog pores. A little bit goes a long way!
on 3/5/2010 8:39:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Brown
I have very oily, very acne prone skin. I'm 32 and still feel like I'm 16 battling every day skin problems like I did in high school. I have used a LOT of moisturinzers under my make-up for the best overall effect...to no avail. When I would apply my make-up in the morning, by noon my makeup was an oily mess. One day I was at Target in the make-up aisle and there happened to be an actual make-up girl in the department asking people if they needed assistance with anything. I had asked if she could recommend something that would help for controlling oil during the day and at night. She suggested Rebalancing Day Gel to use at night, along with No.7 Mattifying Makeup Base (in white tube) to use during the day under my foundation. I can't BELIEVE how well the products work together. Not only is my face not oily when I wake up, but it keeps me oil free during the day and my make-up actually stays on! I like just using one single Q-tip in the jar of gel and applying it to my chin, forehead, and cheeks, then massage in. I believe with the gel, a little goes a long way..using the Q-tip helps to conserve. I apply the base the same way.
I'm very pleased with them and I can't believe I found them at Target! Now, if I can just find the right spot-on treatment that will make those unsightly boulders I get from time to time to go away and something to make my scars appear less noticeable. If anyone has skin like mine, your suggestions would be a godsend!
on 12/7/2009 2:47:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Normal, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
Great product!
After reading all the reviews about this line of products I decided to try them, this being the first one. I have super oily but very sensitive skin. Before this I was using Landon gel moisturizer, which is also a gel but costs around 50 bucks per little tube. Amazingly this works better!!!
Absorbs fast, nice smell, and does exactly what it says.
I was so happy with it, i decided to buy the toner and the nighttime version for the oily/combnation skin. After trying everything under the sun for my weird skin, from super expensive to cheap, and nothing seemed to control my oil I was not expecting anything from this either. But boy was I wrong, in combination in just a week this made my sking NORMAL, soft and not oily, and I for the first time cant stop touching my face.:)))
I never expected to find my HG products in Target....Love it!!!
on 10/19/2009 4:37:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Black
I love Boots No7 products as they're fragrance free and very gentle on my sensitive/combination skin. This moisturizer is definitely for those with oily/combination skin as it is in a gel form, so it doesn't clog your pores or make you feel greasy afterwards.
Although it's supposed to be a Day Gel, I actually only use sunblock in the mornings as I find moisturizers make me too oily when left during the day (even in this gel form). Hence, I use this at night after toner, and it seems to leave me with soft, replenished skin in the morning.
FYI, I had been breaking out before using this as I think my Caudalie moisturizer was a little too heavy for me. After switching to the Boots No7 Rebalancing Day Gel, my acne seemed to calm down and disappear. Definitely goes to show that it's not always about the expensive products!
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text:
SQL 5 frontend
Budjetti $30-250 USD
We have an SQL 5 database that we need a frontend written for. No information is being added to the database, we just need to be able to pull up whats already there. We have the Schema and technical documents. Please let me know if you need more information.
Migrating our MS SQL database to OpenEMR is our preferred solution. We need to replace a medical records app, we use for reference to look up a patient and associated records; Dr name, nurses notes, date of treatment... If we could export the data into another program to access it that would be OK too.
THIS IS NOT A WEBSITE. Its more of an SQL migration.
Sorry everyone. The project was cancelled.
23 freelanceria on tarjonnut keskimäärin %project_bid_stats_avg_sub_26% %project_currencyDetails_sign_sub_27% tähän työhön
Hi there, How many pages to be coded? Where's the data coming from in the DB, single table, multiple tables etc? Thanks. Rajesh
Is this oracle or MS SQL? do you have this in windows or Linux platform? let me know please. 11+ years of experience in programming PHP/MYSQL/API/WEB SCRAPING/DEBUG EXPERT/ANY KIND OF FIX IN [login to view URL] PHP CODING Y Lisää
Hello, We specialize in custom PHP,, SQL solutions and services. PLAMP is our favourite tool to use for any website. We can work with you on any level of your project that you may need support with. As a team Lisää
I am extremely comfortable in php and database integration. Let me know more details about the frontend view you need for this database. I was born and raised in Oregon so communication won't be a problem :)
have alredy done this kind of job , i can do it 100% as you want , pls ping me so we can start right away ! thank you
Hello. I can do best job. I am professional Web Developer. Your project is a piece of cake. I am sure your project will be success. Thanks.
I am having more than 8 years of experience in IT industry.I have worked on .net(c#.net,vb.net,asp,asp.net,mvc) with sql server 2005/2008/2012/2014/2016 and oracle(pl/sql). I can provide you better solution by utili Lisää
---Dear sir!--- I have carefully read your job post ,understood everything what you want and want to thank you for such an in-depth description. This is exactly the type of work that I like to do. I assure you that Lisää
Dear Hiring Manager, I have seen your job post and I found my skill are matching with job requirements. So, please accept this proposal for this project. Please provide me your document and technical schema so i c Lisää
Hi Yes.. I need more information about this task.......................................................looking forward. Thanks
Hi there! Allow me to complete this task. Please ping me so we can discuss more and I can start off my work right away :)
Hello There, Hope you are fine and doing great today! I have gone through your requirement and believe that I can do justice to this job as I have got all the experience and knowledge to complete this project in bes Lisää


text: Currently, we have around 200 Linksys WAG354G's in operation in the UK. All of these are working perfectly fine using the DHCP relay option. We recently got told these devices were discontinued, and were recommended by Broadband Buyer to opt for the WAG200G. I have just tried getting these to work using the same settings as we used on the WAG354Gs, but with no success. I can get a WAN address fine, but when I look under 'Local Network' on the 'Status' tab, although it says DHCP Relay, the start address starts with 192.168.1.100, whereas it should be getting the IP range from our DHCP server. Are you aware of the solution to this problem or is there any trial firmware that you are aware of that could fix this problem?


text:
In this video I show you how I make this simple multipurpose out-feed table for the table saw using simple construction methods.
While I constructed this table to be used as my out feed table, it could just as easily be used for anything from a light weight workbench to a solid finishing table with a removable top.
For more woodworking related content visit and like
-- Regards, Jordan Crawford, http://www.jordswoodshop.com


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expatXchange drinks - 8 Feb. 1800 onwards MishMash (Kampala)
Hi Everybody, it is that time again: Drinks!!! Last time was a big success so I am organising it again. Thanks to Michael we also have a new name; expatXchange. Afterall, we couldn't have new years drinks in Feb ;). So in order to keep friendships going and ofcourse make new friends i would like to invite you for the 8th of Feburary from 6 oclock onwards at MishMash. The time is an experiment since some people suggested it woud be easier cause they could come straight from work. Like last time, when you register at the event on facebook you will get a free drink!
Also for all of those who don't know yet, there is a very active facebook page: Expats in Uganda. its a closed group but if you want to be added let me know.
I hope to see everybody who joined us last time and also a lot of new faces! Looking forward to meeting you :).
Cheers, Suzanna


text:
New Lupin III H comic now available!
The latest issue of the Lupin III H comic World is Mine is now available! This newest edition of the long running manga series is now in stock on Amazon Japan and retails for the low price of 648 yen ($5.50 / €5 / £3.50.) [Thanks for the tip, Leonnie!Read more


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a bottle of glass for combustion chambe ? good or not
is a bottle of glass ( winebottle or something ) good for a combustion chamber?
wil it be okey or wil ik explode? xD
Are you being sarcastic or is this a genuine question?
The burst pressure of a glass bottle is not something I've checked into, but;
1) Using materials that will shatter into "SHARPER THAN A RAZOR" bits, seems a very bad idea to me.
2) An even worse idea would be to hold it while it shatters.
Are you warming up for a darwin?
"It could be that the purpose of your life is to serve as a warning to others" – unknown
Liberalism is a mental disorder, reality is it's cure.
dude whats a darwin ?
when i searched on google , i found this :
and , it was a serieus question
not that i gonna do it , i just want to know it
it could be that someone use it and that it is verry good or something:)
srry for my bad english
I'm sure you'll figure it out.
What wine bottles ARE good for, is holding wine.
"It could be that the purpose of your life is to serve as a warning to others" – unknown
Liberalism is a mental disorder, reality is it's cure.
The question: "a bottle of glass for combustion chamber? good or not"
The answer: NOT
ok , i think i willnt try it:D
but the vacation is sow booring , i just want to play with some guns:(
oow , a darwin , is a kind of award
and gipetto ,your the father of pinnochio
I've heard of people using a glass baby food jar with a BB size barrel soldered on the lid.(piezo or battery ignition).
But I thought that was crazy like Gippeto mentioned and I wouldn't do that myself.
Darwin championed evolution theories. To say "a Darwin".
Is sort of like "The strong (or intelligent) survive"
In other words, if you do something stupid enough to eliminate yourself from the gene pool sort of.
First time I heard it I was moving a guys house and they had a small elevator inside a closet was the workings. I told him he should lock the door because a kid could stick their hand in the pulley (and lose it).
He replied " That would be evolution in action!" Seemed mean but I thought it was hilarious.
BTW, Funny pic.
"Procrastination" is five syllables for "Sloth".
Born To Be Alive!
yea , i heard that to , but i wast sure sow i asked it here;)
and at your story:p : lol xD
i get it wat a darwin is(h)
sow conclusion : GLASS IS NO MATERIAL FOR A SPUDGUN
Perhaps champagne, or sparkling wine, bottles are good. I mean, a good 50 year old bottle develops so much pressure ver the years. You know how powerful those corks are. They hurt. My dad got hit by one once. So they could hold the momentary pressure.
http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtop ... Revolution in the absolute is not initiated by swords, guns, and bullets, but by words-
The New RobesPierre
Bottom line___ - If you use a glass container of anykind to use on a potato gun or anything of the sorts, your an idiot and deserve the consequences of doing so.
SEriously. You drop it? It just so happens to fire? Or maybe the recoil shoves you back into the wall?
Definetely not a good idea.
people , it was an idea
im stupid yeah .. but not that stupid to use glass for those things..
but there wass a little chance that it would work
topic may be removed or closed
i know the answer , ...
Watch your words!
Okay, glass will shatter and penetrate your vital organs if you use it as a pressure chamber BUT...
what happens to PVC when it blows?
Indeed! It also shatters into bits, to which "sharper then a razor" applies, and on top of it, people are holding it!
Bright side is, that it can hold a certain pressure, and if you dont go beyond that pressure, it will not shatter.
Till the day I'm dieing, I'll keep them spuddies flying, 'cause I can!
Spudfiles steam group, join!
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Bush Explorers and Authors, Michael Keats, Brian Fox and Yuri Bolotin have been exploring the Australian Bush for years.
Bush Explorers is a guide to ultimate bushwalking in the Greater Blue Mountains National Park and the Gardens of Stone National Park. It is a chronicle of challenges, discoveries, adventures, sweat, and research lead by Brian Fox, Michael Keats and Yuri Bolotin. It is also your key to enjoy seldom visited places, and through words and pictures, enjoy what is literally on Sydney's back door step.
This site is an important resource for bush walkers and others interested in the Australian Bush.
Free Delivery - Australia Wide
A collection of in depth interviews with leaders past and present who have contributed to the dynamic and vibrant club we enjoy in 2014.
Price: $30
Bushwalks in the headwaters of Bungleboori Creek, Wollangambe River, Nayook Creek and Dingo Creek.
Regional River Catchments and Water Pollution.
Price: $50


text: Colin Hay, the singer, guitarist and songwriter who made his mark as the front man of Australia's Men at Work, loves to work."I just keep trying to get better at what I do," Hay said during a recent telephone interview. "I'm always trying to improve things and come up with better songs."Hay will perform Friday at Freebird Live in Jacksonville Beach. Singer/songwriters Charlie Walker and Nate Holley are scheduled to open the show.For more than 20 years, Hay has been recording and touring as a solo artist. Show reviews indicate he often talks to the audience and shows his quirky sense of humor. Hay typically includes some of his Men at Work hits, such as "Down Under," "Who Can It Be Now" and "Overkill," along with his newer songs."I play songs from that [Men at Work] period and songs from the new record," Hay said.Men at Work was one of the hottest pop groups of the '80s. Hay formed the band with guitarist Ron Strykert in 1978. Other members were saxophonist/flutist Greg Ham, bassist John Rees and drummer Jerry Speiser. The band's sound combined new wave and pop influences.Men at Work's debut full-length release, "Business as Usual," featured the hit singles "Who Can It Be Now?" and "Down Under." The album topped the charts and earned the group plenty of airplay on radio and MTV.But the group's follow-up releases, "Cargo" and "Two Hearts," did not fare as well commercially or artistically. Men at Work split up in 1985 and Hay embarked on a solo career.Since 1987, Hay has released nine albums. The latest is 2007's "Are You Lookin' At Me." None has matched the success of his early efforts with Men at Work, but Hay is optimistic that could change. His next release, "American Sunshine," is due out this summer."It's all very exciting," Hay said. "I'm planning to tour and hope to get people to notice this album. That would be a good thing."In addition to being a solo artist, Hay toured with Ringo Starr as part of the former Beatle's All Starr Band and contributed an original song, "I Just Don't Think I'll Ever Get Over You," to the "Garden State" movie soundtrack.Hay also has appeared in movies and television shows, including "The Larry Sanders Show," "JAG," "Scrubs," "What About Brian," "The Black Donnellys" and "Cane."


text:
Imagine you are an inexperienced, yet talented director trying to make a name for yourself in the film industry. You have invested countless hours into making this film a huge success.
The movie is finally released but several abusive comments on social media affect confidence and your willingness to direct another film. You fade into the background, never to fulfil your once accredited potential.
Research tells us that 134,000 abusive messages were sent to football players and clubs through social media. Messages included in this research include racist, homophobic, sexist and other discriminatory remarks sent by people from August to March, 2015.
Do you have what it takes? Sign up today and send over your 250 word test article: https://gms.to/haveyoursay3
Social media is a magnificent tool, no doubt. Online platforms bring fans from across the globe together to share opinions, but for the majority of professional footballers, this cauldron of negativity can effect even the strongest of personalities.
Liverpool striker Mario Balotelli is the most abused Premier League footballer on social media. The Italian was subject to over 4,000 racist posts in the past year, with around 8,000 abusive comments in total. The majority, including myself, have scrutinised Balotelli's performances on and off the pitch but these damning reports puts his delicate situation into perspective.
Daniel Sturridge and Danny Welbeck are also subject to abuse on social media. England international Welbeck received 1,700 abusive messages on while Sturridge received 1,600 abusive comments.
The fact that 50 per cent of the abusive posts directed at Arsenal forward Welbeck were racist reiterates that racial attacks are yet to be removed from the game.
Lack of reporting
Just 140 cases of all forms of discrimination on social media were reported between August and March. This lack of serious action has the potential to become a huge concern for future generations. The next talent could be in a position to quit the sport as a result of the sheer complacency towards abusive messages on social media.
In 2012, A Twitter 'troll' was sentenced to 56 days in prison for posting offensive comments on Twitter after Fabrice Muamba suffered an cardiac arrest. Did this punishment make any sort of impact towards offensive comments on social media?
Affecting performance
Recently, the wife of former England footballer Phil Neville revealed the horrific reality of the abuse she, her husband and their disabled daughter over social media. Neville's wife called for tougher restrictions on those who abuse online.
The reality of social media abuse in football is starting to effect performances on and off the pitch, personally and professionally.


text:
More than one thousand boys and girls received toys and other gifts last Saturday, Dec. 14 at the Variety Boys and Girls Club's 64th annual Family Holiday and Toy Giveaway event in Boyle Heights.
The youth, ages 6 to 17 and all from needy families, received free school supplies, toys, balls and pies, and 41 extra special and lucky youth took home a brand new bike.
The program is so popular, some participants started lining up outside the Boyle Heights institution three days before the event, which was briefly interrupted for a special ribbon-cutting ceremony to commemorate the opening of the club's new Gary E. Milgard Foundation Aquatic Facility.
"The investment by the Gary E. Milgard Foundation will impact the health and increase the physical activities of our members in a community that is working to reduce the higher-than-county averages of obesity in youth and adults," said Cris Arzate, Variety Boys and Girls Club executive director.
The ceremony ended with a bidding war between a number of volunteers – namely Dr. Diane Araujo – who offered the winning bid to "christen" the pool by having Jay Swerdlow, Variety Boys and Girls Club board chairman, jump into the 40-degree water in their new pool.
Variety Club members are very excited about the latest addition to their facility, which they said will offer hundreds of youth who go to the club, along with a variety of partners including early childhood programs, children with disabilities and seniors the opportunity to learn how to swim, enjoy physical therapy, enter competitive swimming opportunities, or just have fun during the year in a neighborhood with few public pools.
Families and volunteers were treated to food and refreshments at a street carnival held in front of the club on Cincinnati Street and sponsored by the Brent Shapiro Foundation, another of the club's partners. The foundation rewards middle and high school aged youth who stay sober and go to college. Famed attorney and one of the founders of LegalZoom.com, Inc., Robert Shapiro, his wife Linell and son Grant established the foundation in honor of their son and brother, Brent, who died from an overdose. The foundation's goal is to educate and incentivize youth to learn about the disease of alcohol and drug dependence and its dangerous consequences.
The Brent Shapiro Foundation teamed up with the Variety Boys & Girls Club staff to organize the street carnival for the 75 Brents Club members. The club members were also given toys by the boys and girls club.
People living near the club on Cincinnati Street were also invited to attend the carnival as guests of Variety and the Brent Shapiro Foundation. The carnival attractions included food, ice cream and shaved ice trucks, a 3-story Ferris wheel, game booths, picture booth, and free toys.
For more information, visit www.vbgc.org.


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Setting a Formal Table: A Visual Guide!
I don't throw many (or any, really) formal dinner parties, but I still found this diagram helpful, if for no other reason than it illuminates Downton Abbey's dining etiquette.
All joking aside, seeing this diagram reminded me of a few table-setting rules I learned from my mother as a child: the knife blade always faces towards the plate; the coffee spoon lies horizontally above it; and the water goblet sits in the upper righthand corner above and angled to the (smaller) wine glass.
This probably isn't a daily set-up for you — if it is, I'd like to call on you at dinnertime, please! — but definitely worth knowing, if only in parts, for more formal occasions, like weddings and fancy business dinners.
Related: Formal Elegance: Do You Own Fine China?
(Image: Tasty Design via One Hungry Mama)


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Can you afford to buy here? If you like, we can get one of our mortgage experts to tell you exactly how much you can borrow, which is the best mortgage for you or how much they could save you right now if you have an existing mortgage. Click here to get help choosing the best mortgage rate
The $241,000 price tag on the median Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges home means that it is about average price.
Investors looking for properties in Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges are most likely to find 3 bedroom homes on offer this month, with 4 bedroom potential investment properties the second most popular.
Across Quebec Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges has the 90th most properties on offer with 1047.
Will prices rise across the next year in in Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges? There are a number of real estate indicators to consider.
In Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges, housing stock has decreased over the last three months, which would tend to mean that home buyers are snapping up properties faster than they come on the market.
Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges was Canada's 1022th most expensive suburb by listed median house price this month.
The median house price listed in Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges this month is $79,250.
Across Canada the most common number of bedroom property being listed has 2 bedrooms, in Aug this neighbourhood's most common listing has properties with fewer bedrooms.
Because the amount of real estate listed for sale has decreased it looks like housing market forces in neighbourhood are likely to put upwards pressure on house prices.
Just fill in a few details, and we'll arrange for a Mortgage adviser to help you find the best mortgage for your needs


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Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins
versão impressa ISSN 0104-7930versão On-line ISSN 1678-4936
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins v. 2 n. 2 Botucatu 1996
Review article
1 Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals - CEVAP-UNESP, State of São Paulo, Brazil; 2 Department of Pathology of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil, 3 Department of Tropical Diseases of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
ABSTRACT. The search for biological antitumor agents has been pursued for over half a century. Snake venom has been shown to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities. The objectives of the present review are to evaluate the existing controversies on this subject published in a number of papers and to propose probable explanations for the phenomena observed. We reported our results obtained in a study, in which we evaluated the action of the venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. We noticed an important antitumor effect, mainly with Bothrops jararaca venom, as well as an increase in the functional activity of macrophages. We also observed an increase in the number of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells with Bothrops jararaca venom. Considering these findings, we postulate that both Bothrops jararaca and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms can act directly on tumor cells. In addition, we propose an indirect mechanism, based on the stimulation of the inflammatory response, to inhibit tumor growth and to promote its rejection.
KEY WORDS: cancer, inflammation, venom, snakes, Crotalus durissus terrificus, Bothrops jararaca.
The search for antitumor agents has aroused the interest of scientists since the beginning of this century. In 1933, Calmette et al.(8 ). reported an antitumor effect of the venom of Naja sp. on adenocarcinoma cells. From that time on, a number of papers have been published on the subject and controversies still exist (3,5,6,8,9,10,15)(20,25,27,29,30,34).
Yoshikura et al.(34) investigated the action of crude venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis and that of two hemorrhagic principles isolated from this venom HR1 and HR2. These authors carried out in vitro studies using cultures of HeLa cells, the mouse embryo secondary culture cells, MLg cells originated from the lung of newborn mice and fibroblast from human embryos. The authors(34) observed that both the crude venom and the hemorrhagic principle HR2 caused morphological changes in various cell lines tested, without promoting cellular death. After venom removal, the cells grew normally again. Hemorrhagic principle HR1 did not exert any effect on the cell lines used.
Later on, Bragança et al.(6) demonstrated that cytotoxin isolated from Naja naja venom was cytotoxic to Yoshida sarcoma cells implanted in mice, but was non-toxic to the experimental animals.
Patel et al.(27) also investigated the antitumor properties of Naja naja venom. These authors (27) carried out research with a fraction (cytotoxin) isolated from this venom to evaluate its effects on Yoshida sarcoma cells. The experiments conducted in vitro showed that cytotoxin acted on the tumor cells first leading to swelling of the cell to almost double its original volume. It was followed by shrinkage which was accompanied by a release of cytoplasmic RNA and proteins and destruction of tumor cells. The authors (27) also reported that the destruction of tumor cells was influenced by the concentration of sodium (Na+ ), potassium (K+ ), magnesium (Mg2+ ) and calcium (Ca2+ ) ions, high temperature and pH.
Bragança(5) also reported cytotoxic effects in vivo of fraction P6 isolated from Naja sp. venom on Yoshida sarcoma, mouse fibrosarcoma and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The author(5) reported that fraction P6 did not affect erythrocytes, leukocytes and lymphocytes.
Cotte et al.(10) studied the action in vivo of the venoms of Bothrops atrox, Bothrops venezuelae and Crotalus durissus terrificus on lines of tumor cells from human breast carcinoma, an epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix and from carcinoma of the larynx. They(10) also evaluated the effects of these venoms on lines of normal chick embryo, human kidney and monkey kidney cells and observed a marked cytolytic effect of the three venoms upon the cells.
Markland Jr.(25) investigated the effects in vitro and in vivo of the thrombin-like enzyme (crotalase) from the venom of Crotalus adamanteus on the growth of mouse B16 melanoma cells. The results obtained by this author(25) suggested that crotalase significantly retarded tumor growth in vivo, did not present cytotoxic or cytostatic effects on cells in vivo and had no significant effect on increasing the survival time of the animals. The author(25) also reported that 50% of the crotalase-treated animals did not develop the tumor, while in the control group 10% of the animals did not develop the tumor.
Chaim-Matyas and Ovadia(9) screened in vitro and in vivo snake venoms of the families Elapidae (Naja naja atra, Naja naja naja and Naja nigricolis), Crotalidae (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) and Viperidae (Bitis arietans, Echis colorata, Pseudocerastes fieldi, Vipera ammodytes, Vipera bornmuelleri, Vipera palaestinae, Vipera radii, Vipera russelli and Vipera xanthina) for cytotoxicity towards B16F10 melanoma and mouse chondrosarcoma cells.These authors(9) also observed cytotoxic activity of these venoms.
Hernandez-Plata et al.(15) reported the results obtained with the treatment of spontaneous sarcoma cells of female rats with fractions of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, crotamine and crotoxin complex A and B. Their results regarding both tumor regression and increase in the animals' survival time were considered excellent.
Recently, Lipps(20) evaluated the antitumor effect of snake venoms of two snake species Crotalus atrox and Naja naja kaouthia. The author(20) fractionated both venoms, tested all fractions of each venom for their biological activity on mouse myeloma cells, and isolated from each venom the fraction with maximum cytolytic activity against tumor cells. These fractions were called atroporin and kaotree isolated from Crotalus atrox and Naja naja kaouthia venoms, respectively. Then, atroporin and kaotree were further purified and tested, alone or in combination, showing killing effects on various types of human (breast, colon, liver and ovary) and animal cancer cells (mouse myeloma, pheochromocytoma, rat adrenal and monkey kidney) and on normal mouse kidney, liver, spleen cells and erythrocytes. Lipps(20) conducted studies in vitro to evaluate atroporin and kaotree cytolytic effect on all tumor cell types used, and in vivo, to assess their properties of preventing tumor growth, as well as those of causing regression of growing tumors. The combination of atroporin and kaotree exhibited higher antitumor activity than that of each fraction alone. Furthermore, Lipps(20) noted that neither atroporin nor kaotree showed cytotoxic effect on normal cells used in the experiment.
In contrast to the findings that have been presented so far, Shiau-Lin et al.(29) studied the snake venoms of the species Naja, and failed to obtain satisfactory results in tumor growth control. These authors(29) used cytotoxin from Naja naja venom, and cardiotoxin from Naja naja atra venom, to compare in vitro their effect on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, but did not observe any carcinolytic activity.
Iwaguchi et al.(17) tested in vivo and in vitro the effects of cytotoxin I and II from Naja naja venom on tumor cells such as Yoshida sarcoma, and also toward normal cells such as erythrocytes, spleen and peritoneal exudate from rats. These authors(17) did not observe any antitumor effect in vivo. However, in vitro, they noticed a higher cytolytic effect on tumor cells than on normal cells.
Baldi et al.(3) evaluated the effect of Naja naja siamensis venom and that of crotoxin complex A and B from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom on tumor cells such as human metastatic breast adenocarcinoma, and murine sarcoma 180, Ehrlich ascites tumor and breast carcinoma. They carried out experiments both in vitro and in vivo, but failed to see any antitumor effect of both tested substances.
Taking into consideration what has been presented so far, we can conclude that there are controversies among the authors in regard to the action of snake venoms on tumor growth.
We have recently investigated(30) the effect of Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca venoms on the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice. We noted a major antitumor effect, mainly with the B. jararaca-venom-treated groups. Also, we detected an increase in the functional activity of macrophages in the groups treated with both venoms, as well as an increase in the number of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in the B. jararaca-venom-treated groups.
The exact mechanisms which cause tumor regression in experimental animals after treatment with crude snake venom and/or any fraction of this venom still are unknown.
According to Lipps(20), certain fractions isolated from snake venoms revealed a direct cytolytic activity on tumor cells. Markland(25) upon conducting research on crotalase proposed the following mechanism to explain regression of tumor cells. Malignant cells would produce a microenvironment around them, using substances of the host itself which protected them against defensive responses of the immune system. This microenvironment would be composed of fibrin deposits from the nearby blood vessels. Crotalase apparently destroyed the microenviroment produced by the tumor cells attacking fibrinogen directly, which led to the formation of soluble fibrin monomers or abnormal fibrin microclots that were rapidly removed by secondary activation of the fibrinolytic system. Thus, immunological masking would not have occurred, which would leave tumor cells unprotected.
Both the mechanism proposed by Lipps(20) and that proposed by Markland(25) may be important. However, we believe that these are not the only mechanisms which act upon experimental tumors.
It is worth considering that tumor cells are capable of inhibiting the hosts inflammatory response, which was first demonstrated by Mahoney and Leighton(24). These authors(24) reported that tumor tissues of an individual presented a much less intense inflammatory response than that of a normal tissue of the same individual. Fauve et al.(11) explained that the implantation of teratocarcinoma in mice diminished the intensity of the inflammatory response at the implantation site. They also showed that the diminished intensity of the inflammatory response was due to the release of low-molecular-weight substances which inhibited the influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Snyderman et al.(32,33) stated that tumor cells affected the influx of macrophages in vivo and chemotaxis in vitro, without altering the migration capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In addition, Fechio et al.(12) reported that Ehrlich ascites tumor cells induced a poor inflammatory response in mice.
Interaction of snake venoms and animal cells, as well as the result of such interaction still remain to be further explained. Thus, this interaction is likely to cause the release of certain chemical mediators of the inflammatory response which might compensate for the absence of this tumor-induced response(11,12,24,32,33). Snake venoms might, thereby, act on tumor cells by either direct or indirect mechanisms.
Figure 1 illustrates the hypothetical effect of Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca venom on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The venoms may have a lytic action on tumor cells, as was demonstrated by Lipps(20), and as was shown in Figure 1. Conversely, the possible indirect mechanisms will be discussed below.
FIGURE 1. Hypothetical mechanisms involved in the rejection of tumor cells.
1. Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca; 2. Bothrops jararaca; IL = interleukin; TNF-a = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; PMN = polymorphonuclear leukocytes; LAK = lymphokine-activated killer cells; NK = natural killer cells; CTL = cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CRP = C-reactive protein; C3 = complement factor C3.
According to Abbas et al.(1), macrophages play an essential role in the body immune system. When stimulated by certain antigens, macrophages produce and release several mediators of the inflammatory response such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a ) and the interleukins (IL), mainly IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8.
We(30) noted that macrophages of animals inoculated with C. durissus terrificus and B. jararaca venoms had an increased percentage of spreading. Macrophages presented increasing in size with many cytoplasmic vacuoles, which suggested that they were active and likely to be producing and releasing their metabolic products. Activated macrophages may release substances such as TNF-a , IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 to the extracellular medium.
It has been described in literature(2) that, among other functions, TNF-a plays an important role in tumor rejection. The mechanism to explain TNF-a cytotoxicity is rather complex and involves the triggering of complement G-protein and the increase in the cytoplasmic content of cyclic AMP. Production of free radicals of oxygen and arachidonic acid metabolites has also been described. All these events together might lead to tumor cell death.
Kimura et al.(18) evaluated the effects of the treatment of human thyroid carcinoma using IL-1. The authors observed an inhibition of tumor cell growth after administration of IL-1, and they suggested that such inhibition was due partly to suppression of tumor cell messenger RNA. In addition, the authors(18) postulated that IL-1 exerted an antiproliferative effect on different lines of malignant cells such as those of breast carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, the myelogenous leukemia cells and melanoma.
Lomonte et al.(21,22) investigated the inflammatory response of mice that were subcutaneously injected with Bothrops asper venom. The authors(21,22) detected a rise in serum IL-6 concentration between 3 and 6h after venom inoculation. In contrast, they(21,22) did not detect either serum TNF-a or IL-1. These authors(21,22) also noted edema and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate between 6 and 24h after venom inoculation. Following this period, there was a significant predominance of macrophages.
A similar finding was described by Barraviera et al.(4) who studied patients bitten by Crotalus and Bothrops snakes, upon evaluating the seric level of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a in the first 5 days after envenomation. The authors(4) reported that IL-6 was enhanced in all the patients bitten by Crotalus snakes and in 75% of the patients bitten by Bothrops snakes. IL-8 was higher in 62.5% and in 12% of the patients bitten by Crotalus and Bothrops snakes, respectively. IL-1 was detectable in only 37.5% of the victims bitten by Crotalus snakes, while TNF-a was not detected.
The researchs of Lomonte et al.(21,22) and that of Barraviera et al.(4) revealed that snake venoms induce the release of chemical mediators of the inflammatory response, especially IL-6.
Several authors(7,14,16,19) (23,26,28,31) have shown that IL-6 plays a major role in tumor rejection, and that the precise mechanism by which IL-6 rejects tumor is quite complex.
IL-6 has also been described as a modulator of the function of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) which are human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Gallagher et al.(14) reported that when IL-6 was included with IL-2 during the induction phase of the LAK cells, it enhanced the lytic activity of these cells on tumor cells. However, the authors(14) postulated that the rate of tumor cell rejection was not due to an increase in the number of LAK cells, but rather to an enhancement of LAK capacity to lyse tumor cells.
Iho et al.(16) reported that LAK cells could lyse tumor cells including natural killer (NK)-resistant cell lines and autologous tumor cells. In accordance with Gallagher et al.(14), these authors(16) stated that IL-6 enhanced the function of IL-2-activated LAK cells released by T lymphocytes.
IL-6 has also been described as a modulator of NK cell function which is characterized by the capacity of the non-immunized lymphoid cells to recognize and lyse a wide variety of tumor cells. According to Luger et al.(23), IL-6 augmented the cytotoxic activity of NK cells (CD3- ) promoting an efficient cellular lysis. The authors(23) added that the activation of the NK (CD3- ) cell cytotoxicity was IL-2-modulated since IL-6 showed itself to be a potent inducer of IL-2 production. Similar finding was reported by Smith et al.(31). These authors(31) demonstrated that high concentrations of IL-2 could induce peripheral blood T cell pore-forming protein (PFP) which lysed tumor cells. However, they(31) also reported that the levels of IL-2 needed to induce these effects on T cells could be significantly reduced in the presence of IL-6.
Another major function of IL-6 is that of cytotoxic cell inducer. Kitahara et al.(19) and Okada et al.(26) revealed that in vitro administration of IL-6 increased the lysis rate of tumor cells, and its in vivo administration augmented the cure rate of animals bearing tumor cells of different lines by induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In addition, the authors(19,26) demonstrated that administration of IL-6 did not exert any direct cytostatic and/or cytolytic effect on tumor cells, and that the presence of IL-2 was essential in early phases of CTL induction, while that of IL-6 was essential in late phases.
Cairns et al.(7) described IL-6 as a regulator of TNF-a activity. These authors(7) showed that low concentrations of IL-6 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of TNF-a in human lymphoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The authors(7) suggested that this enhanced activity might have occurred due to IL-6 capacity to express the membrane receptors for TNF-a .
Scheid et al.(28) further reported IL-6 activity in the liver by inducing the release of acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein both in vitro and in vivo. According to these authors(28), IL-6 also promoted a rise in seric levels of complement factor C3. Both the C-reactive protein and the complement factor C3 served as opsonins, binding to tumor cell receptors and increasing cytotoxicity exerted by NK cells and macrophages.
Venoms can also act on the endothelial cells promoting the release of IL-6 and IL-8 (4,21,22). IL-6 released by the endothelial cells could enhance the previously mentioned effects, and IL-8, as it was described by Abbas et al.(1), is an activating and chemotactic factor for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mainly for neutrophils.
Neutrophils have the properties of chemotaxis, adherence to immune complexes and phagocytosis. This latter possesses oxidative and non-oxidative(13) mechanisms. In addition, polymorphonuclear leukocytes can be activated by TNF-a released by the mononuclear phagocytes Thus, venom could also act as an indirect inducer of neutrophils via TNF-a .
Therefore, we can hypothesize that venom can trigger various host defense mechanisms. Rejection of tumor cells observed with Bothrops jararaca venom may be the result of one or more mechanisms above described. Further studies will contribute to a better understanding of these phenomena, as well as confirm or not the proposed hypothesis.
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29 SHIAU LIN SY., SU SC., LEE CY. Comparative studies on cytotoxin from the Indian cobra venom and cardiotoxin from the Formosan cobra venom, with special reference to the effect on the growth of the Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice. J. Formosan Med. Assoc., 1976, 75, 328-36. [ Links ]
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34 YOSHIKURA H., OGAWA H., OHSAKA A., OMORI-SATOH T. Action of Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom and partially purified hemorrhagic principles on animal cells cultivated in vitro. Toxicon, 1966, 4, 183-90. [ Links ]
R. J. DA SILVA - Caixa Postal 577, CEP 18.618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil.


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