text:
After several months co-organizing it, finally next week it will become a reality. The Barcelona Workshop on Global Governance will take place, with a program that includes leading academic lectures (Barbara Koremenos, George Tsebelis and Jonathan Koppell), practitioners, and also a lot of promising papers.
Five days to start the Barcelona Workshop on Global Governance
Reading data from CIS into R
The Spanish Center for Sociological Research (CIS, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas) provides its data to researchers in SAS and SPSS formats. I will not enter today into to discussion and need to provide publicly funded data in open formats, but will only cover the technical workaround that R users have to do to be able to easily import the datasets.
I have tried several times to use the
read.spss.format() function from the package
memisc, maintained by Martin Elff, but this function has problems with the CIS files.
My approach is to use another layer of software: PSPP. Yes, it is another complication, but PSPP works fine and from the command line, which makes things easier.
In addition to that, I also tend to recode files into UTF-8 from the very beginning, so I work from the original files transformed from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8. The tool is recode.
So this is what I do in order to introduce CIS datasets into R.
I will use the survey 2384 for postelectoral general elections in 2000.
Recode the original file
recode latin1..utf8 ES2384
Run PSPP to generate a SAV SPSS file
pspp ES2384
Load the SAV file from R
Then within R the old ES2394 text file is now a SAV file, and so it can be read using
library(foreign) d <- read.spss("ES2384", to.data.frame=TRUE)
Catalan elections 2012: evaluating electoral forecasting
I have been tempted to use "The magnitude of the tragedy" as a title for the post, quoting Quim Monzó, a well know catalan writter. Mostly because the impression, the perception, is that nobody predicted such results.
So the elections have produced a new Catalan government with less seats for the previous winning party (CiU), but substantially more seats for the two left-wing parties that also support a referendum on Catalan sovereignty -ERC and ICV-). The difference in the interpretation of the results between Spanish and International press is astonishing, with Catalan press more alinged with the interpretation of International press. See Divisive Election in Spain's Catalonia Gives Win to Separatist Parties at the New York Times, or this editorial from the Financial Times, Barcelona's draw, that emphasizes that two thirds of the parliament supports a referendum.
The following figure shows the results of the elections in vote share for each party (black dot and discontinuous black line), along with the prediction of the pooling the polls model and its uncertainty, as well as the point predictions and errors associated with each of the individual polls.
It is worth mentioning that, except for CiU, all parties have at least one poll that predicts their actual result within the error margin.
The model, also, is capable of guessing the tendency of the polls.
An evaluation of the behaviour of the "pooling the polls" model
As for how well it behaves the pooling the polls model, I have done some comparisons using two different measures of precision of the polls:
MND: Mean of the normalized differences (also, or more well known as the Mean Absolute Percentage Error). The idea is that the real result of a party in the election is compared to the predicted value in the poll and a percent of different is extracted. Then, a mean is computed for all the parties in the poll. The result can, therefore, be interpreted as the mean difference in percentage between the results and the predictions. So a value of MND=0.2 means that the predictions for this poll diverge, on average, by 20 percent from the results. The MND is appropriate when there are polls that do not have predictions for all parties, since the missing values do not bias the results. However, MND gives equal weight to four times a difference of 10% or a single difference of 40% and three exact predictions.
SQD: Sum of the squares of the differences. Here the idea is to try to penalize larger differences in the predictions. The difference between the prediction and the actual value is squared. All those differences in the polls are then added and the square root is taken. The SQD is not so appropriate when there are parties without prediction, because it assumes that the difference is zero. But is a more fine-grained tool to measure big divergences between the predicted value and the result, because it penalizes big differences in the distribution of supports.
The function in R to compute those values is:
mnd <- function(pred, res) mean(abs(1-(pred/res)), na.rm=TRUE) sqd <- function(pred, res) sqrt(sum(((res-pred)^2), na.rm=TRUE))
The following figure shows the values of the mean of the normalized differences for all polls with a fieldwork in the last two months before the elections, as well as the relationships between the MND and the sample size of the poll and its date of fieldwork.
The figure shows that the model does not do a very good job, or at least only slightly better than a simple average of the polls. This is because no penalization is done on larger differences.
When the sum of the squares of the differences is used, the results change substantively. The model is, by far, the best prediction. This is due to the penalization for larger differences. So the model seems to be the best overall compromise for all parties.
It is also worth mentioning that the two largest surveys (the CIS and the CEO, the two official survey bodies from Spain and Catalonia, respectively) have very different performance. The CIS does a very good job (as it is traditional), while the CEO is performing really bad. It is worth mentioning that this is the third time that the CEO does an estimation of the final vote share. So "cooking" the plain results has to be substantively improved at CEO.
It is also important to notice that as the date of the fieldwork is approaching the election date the surveys tend to be more accurate. So, once again, it does not seem to be very reasonable to have this law that does not allow to publish survey results since a week before the election day.
Translation from vote share to seats
The performance of the translation of the vote share to seats has proved to be quite good. So my fears and doubts about it have diminished, but not faded away absolutely.
To sum up
The combination of the MND and the SQD suggest that the model performs quite well for big parties and less well for small parties. Also, that the model is an evident improvement of a simple plain mean.
Let me emphasize again this point: pooling the polls does not do wizardry with the predictions. It is only a way to take a sophisticated mean of the polls. But obviously all its virtues rely only on the quality of the sources: the polls. If no polls were indicating evidence of less support for the winning party, the sophistication of the model can't compensate for it.
Electoral forecasting for 2012 catalan elections: what can go wrong.
So finally election day has come. Let me stress again the historical importance of today's elections, which can be noticed by the interest of international press (The New York Times, The Guardian, Le Monde, The Wall Street Journal, The Times, to name but a few).
The electoral forecasting, updated to the last moment predicts the following percentages of vote share:
It differs from the last prediction in two ways. First, it has more uncertainty, because there have not been polls in the last week. And second, it shows the effect of the tendency of the campaign as computed using the days -20 to -10 to the voting day.
But many things can go wrong. Although the model did quite well two years ago for the same elections and a year ago for spanish elections (see one of the first posts of the blog: ), I have some doubts of its performance for today.
First, the volatility of the supports can be higher this time, due to the repositioning of parties in the space and the fact that the agenda has been almost centered in the referendum for becoming a new European state than on the budget constrains that have been addressed by lower social services.
Second, the percentage of citizens that didn't know who to vote has been up to a third of them a couple of weeks before the election. Polling houses have had a hard time guessing the distribution of this uncertainty, and again, it does not seem very likely that learning from the past may help too much this time.
Finally, what scares me most is the translation of vote shares into seats. Let me emphasize again that the prediction of shares is based in two strong predictions: equal participation and equal distribution of vote by parties between districts. The evidence right now, coming from postal voting up so far, indicates that participation will increase, which may have an important effect in some districts with regards to the entry of small parties. And as for the distribution of vote by parties, I'm not absolutely sure that such a strong restriction can work, but it is what we have right now.
I have to admit, however, that the translation into seats gives a total of 134 (from a total of 135 seats) when the highest probability number of seats by party is taken, which is a relief given the way that the translation has been done.
But I'm sure that many, many more things can be different and ruin the electoral forecasting. I will talk about it tomorrow.
Final electoral forecasting for catalan elections 2012
After the last 5 polls yesterday we finally have the final forecasting for the catalan elections. Again, it is worth mentioning the historical importance of such elections, both at the Catalan, Spanish and International level.
Although the accuracy of the forecasting in previous elections was quite high, specially for the parties with more that 10% of the support, there are still two areas in which the model can fail terribly. First, in small parties. There is lot of noise in the estimation of the support for small parties. And second, the translation of the support received in final seats in the chamber. The algorithm has not been tested enough, and it relies in two assumptions that can make it fail miserably (namely, the turnout being the same, and the distribution of the support being also the same by districts). So I'm scared about it.
All in all, the most likely scenario from the forecasting is a maintenance of the support for the currently governing party, CiU (36.5% against 38.43% in 2010), with a similar number of seats. The real unknown, however, is who will lead the opposition. The silver medal is quiet disputed, with PSC, PP and ERC tightly fighting for it (although coming from very different initial positions). The green party (ICV) slightly improving results as well, and the two small parties with very different forecast (SI disappearing from the chamber and Cs doubling its representation).
That scenario would imply that the right keeps the majority. The topic for the next two years, however, will likely be the referendum for secession, in which case the parties that support such referendum have a very strong majority.
Using R to draw maps on country data
When doing research in comparative politics, International Relations or world governance is often convenient to have an idea of the spatial distribution of certain characteristics of countries. Therefore, being able to draw maps is a useful technique that any researcher or practitioner must have in his or her toolbox.
R allows drawing maps in a quick and easy way, integrating also the visualization of data with the process of data management and model interpretation.
The rworldmap is the library that allows both joining country data with the shapefiles of each country and plotting the desired variables.
Here it goes a simple example using an easy and invented dataset:
library(rworldmap) d <- data.frame( country=c("Greece", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Norway"), value=c(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2))
The data must be converted into an object that
rworldmap understands:
n <- joinCountryData2Map(d, joinCode="NAME", nameJoinColumn="country")
joinCode can be to match countries by name, by their ISO code or other ways;
nameJoinColumn is the name of the column that belongs to the country in the 'd' object.
The call to
joinCountryData2Map gives some information about the success or failure of the matching procedure, and we can then correct the names of the countries to match. Sometimes this can be tedious. So it is always convenient to work with country names as much standardized as possible.
Then a world map with the default colours (heat scale) can be easily produced by the following code, where the argument
nameColumnToPlot is the name of the variable that we want to plot
mapCountryData(n, nameColumnToPlot="value", mapTitle="World")
We can then select areas of the world and different colours
mapCountryData(n, nameColumnToPlot="value", mapTitle="Eurasia", mapRegion="Eurasia", colourPalette="terrain")
Or set the limits by using latitude and longitude, assign colours to the ocean and to missing values, and use a black and white palette.
mapCountryData(n, nameColumnToPlot="value", mapTitle="Europe, manual", xlim=c(-10, 40), ylim=c(35, 70), colourPalette="black2White", addLegend=TRUE, oceanCol="lightblue", missingCountryCol="yellow")
The EU internal enlargement: elections in Flanders, the Scottish referendum and polls for elections in Catalonia and
This weekend three different regions in Europe have coincided to bring the discussion of a hypothetical EU internal enlargement by means of the most elementary tool of democracy: voting.
First, local elections in Belgium have been interpreted by the winning party in the Flemish part in regional terms, aiming for the evaporation of Belgium. Second, Cameron and Salmond have signed an agreement by which the United Kingdom and Scotland agree about the question to be asked in the Scottish referendum in 2014. Finally, the Catalan prime minister, in a calculated electoral move, has also mentioned the question that he would like to ask in a referenda in Catalonia if the wins the next Catalan elections to be held in November 25th.
Precisely the following Catalan elections are object of prediction using the "pooling the polls" method. As I did for the Spanish elections in 2011, you can consult all the predictions at forecasting Catalan elections 2012 and subscribe to the blog via RSS in order to get the latest updates.
Processing Stan samples with ggmcmc
Stan is a relative newcomer in the scenario of Bayesian tools aimed at provide samples from posteriors. But despite its novelty, it offers many interesting features for Bayesians. Amongst the features, which will probably be discussed here in the future, the possibility of having a sampler in a really fast programming language (C++) makes many of us dream of shorter times to run our models.
In order to make Stan and ggmcmc work together there are two possibilities, depending on how Stan is being used, either inside R with rstan or as a standalone program.
Create a fake dataset
In R we can easily create a fake dataset to play with.
N <- 500 X <- runif(N) y <- 3 + 5 * X + rnorm(N)
This creates 500 data points from a plain simple linear model with intercept=3,slope=5 and standard deviation=1 (which is the default for
Data can be easily passed to Stan via a list:
D <- list(N=N, X=X, y=y)
The model declaration is stored simply as an R character object
md <- ' data { int<lower=0> N; real X[N]; real y[N]; } parameters { real theta[2]; real<lower=0> sigma; } model { for (n in 1:N) { y[n] ~ normal(theta[1] + theta[2] * X[n], sigma); } } '
There are three parts in this declaration. The first one (data) declares the data that will be used. The type of variables can (must) be specified. In this case
N is an integer with a minimum value of 0, since it will loop across observations.
X and
y will be declared as any real number.
The second part (parameters) declares the prior specifications of the parameters to be sampled.
The third part (model) is really the core of the model specification. It declares the relationships between data and parameters. Prior specifications of the parameters can also be included here. In this case
y is distributed normally with mean equal to an arithmetic relationship between the intercept, the slope and the data, and standard deviation equals to
sigma. Notice that, contrary to JAGS and *Bugs, there is no more need to specify the dispersion parameter in terms of its precision (inverse of the variance).
Running Stan inside R with rstan
Now, with the data and the model ready we can run stan inside R
library(rstan) m <- stan(model_code=md, data=D)
By default, the
stan function call runs 4 chains of length 2000, with a warm-up interval of half the length (hence, 1000). Notice that Stan refers to "warm-up" instead of "burn-in" period, used in JAGS and *Bugs.
In order to access the samples we can use the
extract method, discarding the warm-up period.
s <- extract(m, inc_warmup=FALSE)
s is now an array with dimensions [1:n_iter, 1:n_chains, 1:n_parameters], without warm-up.
Then s can be converted into a typical
coda object by
s <- mcmc.list(mcmc(s[,1,-4]), mcmc(s[,2,-4]), mcmc(s[,3,-4]), mcmc(s[,4,-4])) # Or a cleaner way thanks to Sebastian Weber: s <- do.call(mcmc.list, alply(s[,,-4], 2, mcmc)) # Or even a more general way, thanks to Forrest Stevens s <- do.call(mcmc.list, alply(s[,,-(length(s[1,1,]))]], 2, mcmc))
Finally the mcmc list can be easily transformed in an object that ggmcmc understands using a call to
S <- ggs(s)
Now the ggmcmc functions can be called using
S as the argument: ggs_histogram, ggs_traceplot, ggs_density, ggs_compare_partial, ggs_running, ggs_autocorrelation, ggs_crosscorrelation, ggs_caterpillar
Or generating a single pdf file with all the output:
A traceplot (or any of the other plots that ggmcmc provides) of the samples can be easily obtained with
Running Stan alone
In order to run Stan without using the
rstan function the model and the data must be written to disk
write(md, file="model.stan") dump(c("N", "X", "y"), file="data.Rdump")
Then the usual steps required to run Stan follow, namely the conversion of stan code to C++ code, the compilation of the code, and the execution of the generated binary against the data. Please refer to the manual for the execution in your specific platform. In my Gentoo GNU/Linux system with Stan installed in
/usr/local/stan/ I simply run the following in the command line
stanc --name=model --o=model.cpp model.stan g++ -march=native -O3 -L/usr/local/stan/bin \ -I /usr/local/stan/src \ -I /usr/local/stan/lib/boost_1.51.0/ \ -I /usr/local/stan/lib/eigen_3.1.1 \ model.cpp -o model -lstan
To generate two chains:
./model --data=data.Rdump --iter=50000 --thin=1 --refresh=10000 \ --samples=s_1.csv --chain_id=1 ./model --data=data.Rdump --iter=50000 --thin=1 --refresh=10000 \ --samples=s_2.csv --chain_id=2
The chains can be imported easily as a table and transformed into an mcmc object with the following lines:
library(coda) s1 <- read.table("s_1.csv", sep=",", header=TRUE) s2 <- read.table("s_2.csv", sep=",", header=TRUE) s.mcmc <- mcmc.list(mcmc(s1[,-c(1:3)]), mcmc(s2[,-c(1:3)]))
-c(1:3) avoids loading Stan internal variables.
Finally, the
s.mcmc object can also be converted into a ggmcmc object:
library(ggmcmc) S <- ggs(s.mcmc)
Is Stan fast?
My experience with Stan with respect to execution times is mixed, with some examples giving valid samples in short period of time and others taking much more than JAGS. I will do more extensive benchmarks and post the results here.
The seeds of Global Governance
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) can be thought of as the seeds for a new mechanisms of Global Governance. They represent deals between countries to try to solve diverse issues. Some of them are formed by few countries, and others by most of them. Some IGOs are general, and others focused on very specific topics. Some of them only accept regional members, while others are open to all the international community. But giving all those differences, they serve a purpose individually. And if we consider them together, we can think about them as the seeds of a kind of new "international government".
How to measure an IGO
The classical approximation which dates back to the 1970's on a seminal article by Michael Wallace and David Singer titled "International Governmental Organization in the Global System, 1815-1964" is to consider an organization to be an International Governmental Organization if it has the following three characteristics:
- membership at least three members from the system of states
- life it must hold one plenary session at least every ten years
- formal it must have a permanent secretariat and headquarters
This excludes treaties between states and legal agreements, and all the , but it also excludes "objects" such as the G20, which is usually regarded as a leading institution in the international arena.
The evolution of IGO
The following figure shows the number of IGOs that were formed by many members (high values in the x-axis) or few (low values in the x-axis). And it does so for 4 different points in time: in 1870, in 1930, in 1970 and in 2005. The data is based on the "full members" of IGO according to the latest version (2.3) of the International Governmental Organizations database maintained by Timothy Nordstrom (University of Mississippi), Jon Pevehouse (University of Wisconsin) and Megan Shannon (University of Mississippi) and hosted at the Correlates of War Program and described at an article on "Conflict Management and Peace Science"
Few points are important from this figure:
- With no doubt, the number of IGO in the international arena has increased, as shown by the increasing area painted black.
- It is also worth mentioning that the process hasn't been linear, but it has exploted in recent years.
- The plot also shows a somewhat bimodal distribution in 2005, suggesting that IGO are either formed by less than 50 members or by more than 150. There are not many IGOs with an intermediate number of members.
- The fact that most of the IGOs have less that 20 members also suggests that although the seeds for global governance can be found in IGOs, the majority of them are so small (with respect to their representativity in terms of current members of the international system), that it is hard to imagine that have a "global" impact beyond the reduced number of full members.
- Another way to see the process is with the following video, which shows year by year (5-years until 1960) evolution of the number of full members in the IGOs. In addition to the previous points, it is also interesting to visualize the impact in the membership of IGOs of two different processes of country formation: the decolonization in the 1960s, and the fall of the USSR and the creation of new countries in the 90s (the hunch aroud 150 moves towards 190 in the 1990s).
Do more IGO mean that we live in a better world?
Not necessarily. But it may happen that the seeds for a global Governance mechanisms are yet in the international arena. Countries have generated a myriad of institutions to try to solve sometimes very specific problems. We know that the tendency is to have more and more countries joining those arrangementts. So it is not very strange to think of those solutions as a rudimentary set of tools ready to be used to arrive to a more depth agreemens between societies.
Code to generate the plots
The following code imports the IGO COW dataset, does some basic processing and arranges the data in a way that is easy to manage. The code that generates the 2005 snapshot is also provided. The process to generate the video is equal than in a previous post.
require(ggplot2) # Read data d <- read.table("IGO_stateunit_v2.3.csv", head=TRUE, sep=",") igo <- d[,-c(1, 3)] # Generate status factors migo <- melt(igo, id=c("country", "year")) names(migo)[3:4] <- c("igo", "status") table(migo$status) migo$status <- factor(migo$status, levels=c(0, 1, 2, 3, -9, -1), labels=c("no membership", "full membership", "associate membership", "observer", "NA", "IGO not in existence")) migo <- cbind(migo, fm=ifelse(migo$status=="full membership", 1, 0)) # Full membership migo.fm <- tapply(migo$fm, list(migo$year, migo$igo), sum) migo.fm <- melt(migo.fm) names(migo.fm) <- c("year", "igo", "fm") migo.fm <- subset(migo.fm, fm>0) # only when IGOs have at least some members # Do the plot t <- subset(migo.fm, year=="1880") p1 <- ggplot(t, aes(x=fm)) + xlim(0, 200) + ylim(0, 70) + geom_histogram(binwidth=5) + xlab("Number of full membership countries") + ylab("Number of IGO") + opts(title="1880") t <- subset(migo.fm, year=="1930") p2 <- ggplot(t, aes(x=fm)) + xlim(0, 200) + ylim(0, 70) + geom_histogram(binwidth=5) + xlab("Number of full membership countries") + ylab("Number of IGO") + opts(title="1930") t <- subset(migo.fm, year=="1970") p3 <- ggplot(t, aes(x=fm)) + xlim(0, 200) + ylim(0, 70) + geom_histogram(binwidth=5) + xlab("Number of full membership countries") + ylab("Number of IGO") + opts(title="1970") t <- subset(migo.fm, year=="2005") p4 <- ggplot(t, aes(x=fm)) + xlim(0, 200) + ylim(0, 70) + geom_histogram(binwidth=5) + xlab("Number of full membership countries") + ylab("Number of IGO") + opts(title="2005") grid.arrange(p1, p2, p3, p4, ncol=2, nrow=2)
Processing the Quantification of Samples from a NICI
The program process_nici processes quantification files manually integrated from a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer operating in negative ion chemical ionization mode (GC-MS-NICI, 6980N Agilent Technologies) into a meaningful output that can be directly exported to statistical packages and spreadsheets. This kind of file is generated from ChemStation Software and it contains the concentration of specific compounds.
The program is licensed under a Free Software license (GPLv3), which means that you have the right to use, study and modify it. The only restriction is that if you make modifications you have to share them under the same circumstances and make the source code available.
The program is writen in Python, so a working python installation is required. Python is also Free Software. In addition to being free as in freedom, it is also free as in "free beer", so you can download it at no cost. It runs in many different platforms and there are pre-packaged versions for the most used operating systems at Get Python. In GNU/Linux I recommend to use the python version that comes packaged with your distribution.
In order to get a spreadsheet with the results, the script also uses a non-standard python library called xlwt. Python libraries (modules) can be easily installed. Consult the guide Installing Python Modules for further assistance.
How to run the program
You have to copy the "process_nici.py" script in the top of the directory hierarchy that you want to analize. From then, you must run the program invoking it from the command line and with an argument, which represents the name of the files that must be processed (in this example, quan1.txt).
$ python process_nici.py quan1.txt
The program will print the status of the operations and it may return an error message if it detects something wrong during the process.
The program returns two files: out.csv and compounds.xls.
- out.csv is a text file with three columns. The first column represents the name of the sample as stated by the "Sample" or "Misc" field. The second column represents the compound, and the third column its concentration. This comma-separated file can be read by any spreadsheet or statistical package. In R, for example, you get a nice data frame by importing it with:
d <- read.table("out.csv", sep=";", header=TRUE)
The concentrations below the calibration are assigned value -1, and the non-detected concentrations are assigned value -2. This is useful for later processing the signals.
Characteristics and Limitations
- As of version 1.1 the program reads the concentrations under the "Target Compounds" section. So the "Internal Standards" section is not processed.
- The program compares the strings of "Sample" and "Misc" to get a number for the sample. If they do not match, it gives an error. If one of them is empty, the program uses the other as a valid name for the sample.


text:
All Films.All Above Board.NOW INCLUDES TV SHOWS & TV LISTINGS
World War 2 espionage thriller based on the real-life memoirs of L.C. 'Cicero' Moyzisch. James Mason stars as the anti-hero protagonist, a man known to his superiors only by the code-name Cicero. Outwardly the efficient and discreet valet of the British Ambassador to Ankara in Turkey, he is in fact acting as a ruthless spy, photographing top-secret documents detailing plans for the D-Day invasion and selling them to the highest bidder - which just happens to be the Nazi government. Along the way he falls in love with - and is double-crossed by - a beautiful refugee Countess, Anna Staviska (Danielle Darrieux).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ask a marketer or business owner what they'd like most in the world, and they'll probably tell you "more customers." What often comes after customers on a business' wish list? More traffic to their site. There are many ways you can increase traffic on your website, and in today's post, we're going to look at 25 of them, including several ways to boost site traffic for FREE.
Great article as always. My wife is about to start a business about teaching (mainly) Mums how to film and edit little movies of their loved ones for posterity (www.lovethelittlethings.com launching soon). We have always struggled with thinking of and targeting relevant keywords because keywords like 'videography' and 'family movies' don't really some up what she is about. Your article ties in with other learnings we have come across where we obviously need to reach out to right people and get them to share to get her product out there because purely focusing on keywords I don't think will get us anywhere.
Thanks for sharing these great tips last August! I've recently adopted them and I have a question (that's kind of connected to the last post): how important would promoting content be when using this strategy? For example, through Google Adwords. As I guess that would depend on the circumstances, but I am trying to discover if there's a 'formula' here. Thanks in advance!
Hi Brian! I enjoy reading your posts and use as much info as I possibly can. I build and sell storage sheds and cabins. The problem I have is that there are no top bloggers in my market or wikipedia articles with deadlinks that have to do with my market. 95% of my traffic and sales are generated via Facebook paid advertising. Would love to get more organic traffic and would be interested in your thoughts concerning this.
1. Participate and showcase your website in every social media platform. But it should not be restricted to just creating a page, you should create a healthy relations with your customers. Make them sense that you care for their time. Creating special video or audio tutorials can create this impression. Share creative and useful content on all of your pages. Reply to their queries as soon as possible. Add social network bottoms on your website, preferably at the end of every post.
No, unfortunately we can not guarantee that the absolute safety of Google Adsense Traffic. This is because we have seen instances in which websites were penalized for receiving large bulks of traffic (and clicks) to their Google Adsense ads. Therefore, if you use it, we strongly recommend you to use it in moderation and in conjunction with other traffic sources. More information >>
How much does it cost to bring in a visitor? Some web traffic is free, but many online stores rely on paid traffic — such as PPC or affiliates — to support and grow their business. Cost of Acquiring Customers (CAC) and Cost Per Acquisition (CPA) are arguably the two most important ecommerce metrics. When balanced with AOV (average order value) and CLV (customer lifetime value), a business can assess and adjust its ad spend as necessary.
Brian, I've drunk your Kool aid! Thank you for honesty and transparency – it really gives me hope. Quick question: I am beyond passionate about a niche (UFOs, extraterrestrials, free energy) and know in my bones that an authority site is a long term opportunity. The problem today is that not many products are attached to this niche and so it becomes a subscriber / info product play. However, after 25+ years as an entrepreneur with a financial background and marketing MBA, am I Internet naive to believe that my passion and creativity will win profitability in the end? The target audience is highly passionate too. Feedback?
This is another program doing much the same as the previous two, but it has a few unique aspects that put it on this list above the hordes of others. Particularly, it comes in many forms; a web interface, a stand-alone browser, a windows or mac executable or even a paid version. In a fit of goodwill, the paid version – costing $30 for the cheapest version – comes with a huge warning to try the free version before buying. It also warns of a lack of refund policy, so buyer beware.
Search engine optimization (SEO), is the ongoing practice of optimizing a website to help improve its rankings in the search engines. Several internal and external factors are involved which can help improve a site's listing within the search engines. The higher a site ranks within the search engines for a particular keyword, the more traffic they will receive.


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Requests $900 Million be Authorized to Deepen and Widen Channel
Congressman Ted Poe (TX-02) sent a letter to the Chairman and Ranking Members of the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee requesting that they include $900 million in funding in the Water Resources Development Act Reauthorization (WRDA) to improve the Sabine Neches Waterway (SNWW).
The Sabine Neches Waterway is a vital riverway that serves as the energy artery to the United States, said Poe. The Port of Beaumont is responsible for the largest deployment of military cargo to Iraq and at its current depth cannot sufficiently serve both our military and America's growing demand for gasoline.
Securing additional funding to improve the channel has been a top priority since I was elected to Congress, added Poe. I will continue to educate other Members of Congress on the importance of the SNWW to our countrys energy industry and national security.
The SNWW is home to the largest commercial military port in America based on tonnage, and it is the second largest in the World. Approximately 20-30% of America's commercial jet fuel is produced on the SNWW. The significant amount of our military's jet fuel that is produced on the SNWW remains a matter of national security. The SNWW is the primary supplier to America's Bighill and Hackberry strategic oil reserves. An estimated 73 million tons of crude oil, 28 million tons of petroleum products, and 8.5 million tons of chemical cargo move through the SNWW's marine terminals annually. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) latest Waterborne Commerce data discloses approximately 74,794 total vessel and barge trips are made on the SNWW in a year. This traffic is expected to exceed the recommended maximum operating capacity in the next three years because of the $25 billion in new infrastructure invested along the SNWW to construct America's first new refinery since 1976, expand its three existing refineries, and construct three of America's eight new LNG plants.
Congressman Poe serves on the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation and member of the Congressional Port Security Caucus.


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PROVO One of the most significant moments in the history of science may come after a new particle collider starts work this year beneath the Swiss-French border, according to a renowned physicist, Brian Greene.
The Large Hadron Collider just might prove that the controversial "theory of everything," string theory, is true.
Greene, professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, New York City, and author of best-selling books on string theory, spoke Tuesday at Brigham Young University's Marriott Center.
His book, "The Elegant Universe," was developed into a three-part series broadcast by PBS. "The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time and the Texture of Reality," the title of his latest book, also was the name of the lecture.
"Space and time are the most familiar and yet most enigmatic concepts in science today," Greene said, but they are not what our senses would lead us to believe.
"We are learning that reality is not what we think it is. The very basis of existence is not what we think it is," he said.
At the turn of the 20th century, Albert Einstein asked himself how gravity worked. How could the sun reach across 93 million miles and affect the motion of Earth? He struggled with the question for 10 years.
By 1915, Einstein had come up with the General Theory of Relativity as an answer. Einstein pictured space-time as something like a big rubber sheet. When something massive, like the sun, weighs down a portion of the sheet, it causes a distortion in it, and a smaller object will roll around and around the pit.
"Einstein says take that idea and apply it to the cosmos," Greene said. Thus, a planet will circle the sun because the sun causes a deformation, like a pit, in the fabric of space-time.
Rather than static, fixed features, "space and time can actually do something. Space and time push things around," he said. Each person "affects the shape of space; in fact, the shape of time as well."
General Relativity works beautifully on the large scale. But scientists realized that Einstein's ideas were in conflict with another proven theory, that of quantum mechanics, which covers the very small scale.
"Quantum mechanics is a very mysterious, strange, really mind-boggling subject," Greene said.
Quantum effects have been proven in the laboratory. The ideas "are confirmed by experimental observation." A famous feature of quantum mechanics is that one may know one aspect of an electron, such as its speed, without being able to know another, such as its position and vice versa.
On the large scale, Einstein's laws show the smooth, predictable actions of relatively big phenomena. But on a tiny scale, things are "chaotic," Greene said.
When Einstein's theories were applied to extremely small things, "the laws made wrong predictions."
String theory accommodates both sets of laws. It holds that each subatomic particle actually is an incredibly minute vibrating filament of energy. The frequency of the vibration determines whether the particle is a quark or an electron, for example.
Vibrating strings define space, time and everything in existence, many scientists believe. The theory "winds up fixing" the conflict between the laws of the large and the small.
But if string theory is correct, "it says something really wild," Greene said. It fails when restricted to our three spacial dimensions up and down, left and right, front and back. "If that's all there is in space," he said, "this thing doesn't work."
Not until 10 spacial dimensions are used in the calculations do the equations work. But we perceive only three. Where are the others? They could be curled up within the normal dimensions, he said.
Greene asked the audience to imagine a piece of paper, essentially a two-dimensional object. When it is curled up and seen from a distance, it looks like a one-dimensional line. But if an ant were on it, the insect might find itself going back and forth in one dimension and around the tube of paper in another.
Peering through binoculars, a watcher might see the ant's circular sauntering and realize the paper has another dimension.
Understanding the nature of the paper "escaped you without the right equipment the binoculars."
String theory may allow tiny curled-up dimensions to be everywhere, so small that we can't detect them. "We haven't seen them yet," he said.
But the Large Hadron Collider being built near Geneva an almost 17-mile circular tube built beneath the French-Swiss border, because it was cheaper to use land underground for such a massive structure may provide proof of string theory. When it begins smashing rotating streams of protons together, the ideas may be verified."There's a chance ... that some of the debris from these collisions will be ejected out of our dimensions," and scientists may be able to discover "these missing energy signatures," he said. "If this is confirmed experimentally in the next few years, to me this would be one of the most significant moments in the history of science."
E-mail: [email protected]


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Professional services automation (PSA) software provides companies in professional services with project management and resource allocation tools for client projects. PSA systems are used to bring transparency to the processes of a project including time tracking, expense management, billing, invoicing, and resource and labor allocation. These products are used by consultants, lawyers, marketing account managers, and other professional service industry roles that conduct business on a client-project level. PSA software gives insight into the business processes of project and resource management to then improve efficiency, productivity, and profitability of the project operations in place. These systems can be integrated with accounting software, CRM software, and payroll software to make a more end-to-end solution. PSA software also has similarities to ERP systems, differing in the sense that PSA product are tailored to the professional services industry.
To qualify for inclusion in the Professional Services Automation category, a product must:
Professional Services Automation reviews by real, verified users. Find unbiased ratings on user satisfaction, features, and price based on the most reviews available anywhere.
BigTime is the engine behind the greatest consulting firms on the planet. We help architects, engineers, IT, scientific and management consultants budget, track and bill their most important asset: time. Consulting firms need more than just a timesheet. They need a system that unifies budgeting, project planning/execution, team communication, task management, resource management, invoicing and project financials. BigTime gives your entire team the tools they need to deliver billable work on time and on budget, giving our customers an average improvement of 25% in gross margins and a substantial increase in expansion and referral revenue. Contact our sales team to learn how.
NetSuite's OpenAir is the world's #1 PSA solution. As a full life cycle solution that supports 1,500+ organizations, OpenAir manages all IT Service and project-based needs from resource to project management, complex time and expense tracking, and project accounting-- empowering your entire professional services business to gain real-time insights, increase project profitability, and maximize billable resource utilization to make informed, data-driven decisions from a single, cloud-based platform.
Made for companies that sell, service, and support technology, ConnectWise Manage is the leading business management platform worldwide. Today, more than 110,000 users rely on ConnectWise Manage to achieve greater accountability, operational efficiency, and profitability. Leveraging the cloud, the platform fully integrates business-process automation, help desk and customer service, sales, marketing, project management, and business analytics that dramatically streamline a company's operations. ConnectWise Manage is the hub of the ConnectWise suite of products, a set of solutions for technology solution providers that gives an end-to-end view and total control over their business. ConnectWise Manage also gives its users access to a powerful network of ideas, experts, and solutions. A veteran in the technology services industry, ConnectWise Manage has been the premier business management platform for technology companies for more than 15 years.
Kimble is a professional services automation solution which fuels and supports growth in consulting organizations. It is designed to focus on the future, with accurate forecasts, proactive resource planning, and devolved accountability. As the first intelligent PSA solution, Kimble uses augmented intelligence to surface patterns in the data to provide insights. These insights coach and alert users as to what the next step should be so that everyone can work at the level of the most experienced staff. Approximately 40,000 users from IT and management consulting firms, the services arms of technology organizations, law and accounting firms and digital agencies turn to the Kimble system on a daily basis to manage their work. Kimble links sales, resource planning, and project delivery together in one system which uses all the capabilities of the Salesforce platform. It integrates closely with partners such as Sage and Sage People (formally Fairsail) to provide best of breed solutions that rapidly deliver value to customers. A Complete Solution – Not a Toolkit Kimble is designed to facilitate informed decision-making at every level within each organization. It enables visibility, transparency, and accountability. More than a set of tools to process data; Kimble Professional Services Automation exists to empower decision making and drive discipline throughout professional services organizations by coaching, encouraging, and guiding personnel in the behaviors that drive success. Intelligent Insights, which drive adoption of best practice, can be configured to meet the specific needs and priorities of each Kimble client. Building a Customer-Centric PSA Kimble was founded by recognized professional services experts, who previously managed and sold several successful consulting organizations. The company collaborates closely with its partners and customers, drawing on and responding to their experience.The Kimble system is reviewed and improved by a team of dedicated software designers, who continually update its features, embedding new augmented intelligence capabilities and adapting to industry change.
FinancialForce Professional Services Automation (PSA) is a cloud-based solution that helps you manage your professional services team, customers, projects, and financials from a single view. Built on the Salesforce platform, FinancialForce PSA gives you visibility into sales pipeline and resource demand to help you drive revenue growth, improve margins, and deliver on customer success.
Manage tasks and project plans. Monitor budgets. Allocate resources. Track time and expenses. Analyze outcomes. With Mavenlink, you get accurate visibility into task status, resource availability, and performance across the entire project lifecycle so your team can scale successfully. Start with Project Management, then grow into Professional Services Automation (PSA), resource planning, project accounting, business intelligence, and team collaboration — all in a single, user-friendly platform. With clients in more than 100 countries, Mavenlink is used by creative agencies, IT services firms, internal shared services organizations, professional services teams, and everyone in between.
Autotask Pro integrates all of the features and functionality you need - and the flexibility to adapt them to meet your specific business requirements
Function Point alleviates the chaotic nature of operating creative agencies, internal marketing teams and professional service firms. Used by over 9000 customers across the world, the all-in-one solution helps teams connect each stage of project management. Our goal is to make productivity more personable; to warm it up and give it a heartbeat.
Projector is the best-of-breed Professional Services Automation tool for today's face-paced services firms. Designed with a focus on improving profit margins and resource utilization rates, Projector helps services firms manage projects, schedule resources, track time and expenses, and invoice for their work. Projector is a cloud-based, multi-currency, multi-company, PSA solution that is able to scale with the needs of your services firm while integrating openly with existing business systems.
Avaza provides an integrated suite of functionality for running your business. This includes Project Management & Collaboration, Resource Scheduling, Time Tracking, Expense Management, Quoting & Invoicing. Each of these modules can be used together or independently to suit a wide range of businesses. Avaza is particularly useful for consulting & professional services companies that need all these functions, and enjoy having a single source of truth & powerful reporting. Avaza is built in the cloud and available on any device.
Scoro is an end-to-end business management solution which allows professional and creative services to control their entire workflow from one place. It helps to streamline work and eliminate routine tasks to ensure a business runs as smoothly and efficiently as possible from sales right through to billing. Scoro's features include calendaring, task and project management, quoting and billing, enterprise-level reporting and a real-time dashboard.
Dynamics 365 for Project Service Automation helps teams work efficiently by giving them automation technology and a complete view into their client relationships.
Clarizen delivers secure, cloud-based collaborative work management solutions built on the vision of business agility. Clarizen's PPM solution combines cross-company project management with configurable workflow automation. Discussions, tasks, projects and portfolios are all accessible from Clarizen's scalable enterprise platform. Clarizen users gain easy access to an intuitive and easy-to-use and flexible solution that offers a single source of information to improve work execution, collaborate in-context, optimize resources and respond faster. Clarizen provides: • Centralized project and portfolio management – organize complex or chaotic projects and processes and automate workflows • Change management and issue management – track, manage and prioritize change requests and resolve issues • Resource optimization and robust collaboration – execute on feedback and tasks in real time to streamline how you work internally and with partners and customers Clarizen is a leader in Forrester's Enterprise Collaborative Work Management report and is a two-time leader in Gartner's Magic Quadrant for Cloud-Based IT Project and Portfolio Management.
Replicon provides end-to-end Time Management software and services to enterprises of all sizes. Capture, analyze, and optimize time, your organizations most critical asset, to improve profitability, productivity and employee satisfaction. Salaried & hourly workers alike love using Replicon because it is simple and easy to enter their time, attendance, vacation, and expense information--via web browser or mobile app. Hiring managers use Replicon to optimize the types of workers to hire, what to budget for them, and what they should be working on. HR, payroll, and compliance managers use Replicon to automatically apply business & legal rules to eliminate under- or over-payment of employees, as well as to ensure everyone in the business is working according to the laws governing their specific location. Finance & project management teams choose Replicon because their success depends on accurate, granular and real-time reporting on exactly how well the business is performing with respect to project delivery, client billing, labor utilization, and other critical metrics. If you are looking to track, manage and optimize: time & absence, project details, client billing, expenses, or the productivity of your entire workforce no matter where they are or when they work, consider evaluating Replicon as a strategic partner to your success. For more information: visit us: www.replicon.com, call us: 1-877-662-2519 (North America) or +800-6622-5192 (outside North America), or email us: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Tenrox PSA solution gives professional services organizations and finance departments a centralized yet configurable platform to manage their core business operations including project management, resource optimization, project accounting, time and expense management, and billing and revenue recognition. A cloud-hosted solution, it is fully configurable and flexible to the needs of any modern PS organization.
Unanet provides project-driven organizations with resource management, budgeting & forecasting, project management, timesheets, expense reports, project accounting, billing, workforce collaboration, CRM, and financials with cost pool calculations, in one integrated system. Available either as an Enterprise license (self-hosted software), or in the "Cloud" (On Demand License), Unanet helps your organization better manage project, product and services work.
Workday Professional Services Automation (PSA) helps customers manage the entire lifecycle of their client-facing billable projects. Their sales, resource managers, project managers, and finance teams gain a single source of truth to view and act on every type of data. Rich talent intelligence helps them match the right people with the right project, while flexible billing and revenue recognition enables them to confidently accelerate business transformation. And since all Workday applications across finance, HR, and operations are part of a single system, customers can boost collaboration, increase efficiency and insight, and improve customer service. Workday's intuitive and highly functional mobile app helps people to be more productive on-the-go and its global footprint enables companies to scale and expand to international markets with ease.
If you want to grow your business, you need a system, not a collection of tools. Accelo makes it easy to manage all you client work, from prospect to payment, and everything in between. With powerful features like automatic email capture, automated time sheets and intelligent business processes that alert you if things are going off track, you can forecast the future and make sure you never get lost. Accelo lets you focus on more important things (like growing your business) so you can focus on doing the work you love. Try it now for free!
Krow helps companies transform service delivery and client success with our next-generation Professional Services Automation (PSA) solution built 100% native on the industry's leading cloud platform from Salesforce. Krow provides a complete PSA solution by combining project management tools with resource planning, time & expense, time-off management, billing, social collaboration, document sharing, and analytics delivering a 10x faster deployment than traditional PSA solutions.
Promys is one of the best reviewed business software solutions for IT, MSP, Audio Visual & Physical Security solution providers. Promys is easy to use & implement and scales from five to five hundred users. Re-written from scratch in the latest cloud technology, Promys helps companies grow by linking data between sales, project management, help desk, time & expense, service contracts, managed services and billing. Reporting and business analytics are in a completely different class. Watch video to find out more.
The Unit4 PSA Suite is a full practice management solution for every professional services industry. With the PSA Suite you will manage your full business processes within one single out-of-the-box state-of-the-art solution, built on the powerful Dynamics 365 platform. With the Unit4 PSA Suite you will have a 360 degree view from opportunity to your customer engagements and be on top of your company's profitability. Move opportunities to engagements, allocate budgets and apply assign tasks to your resources. Managing utilizing of resources all from one single solution. We will run approvals and afterwards be able to invoice directly. Managing all financial transactions in our PSA Financials and have management reporting using PSA Suite PowerBI. Besides this, time can be registered directly in the PSA Mobile app or within the role based PSA Suite portal which gives easy acces to only the components which are used on daily basis. The PSA Suite is completely developed for 8 specific professional services industries: Accountancy, Architecture, Consultancy, Engineering, IT-Services, Legal, Marketing & Advertising and Non-Profit. All with Vertical IP and out-of-the-box templates. Unit4's Wanda is the world's first true enterprise Digital Assistant. Wanda automates automates routine operations across your business and learns your preferences to become even more useful over time, fully integrated in the PSA Suite.
Kaseya BMS is a next-generation business management solution that was built specifically to help MSPs spend more time selling and delivering services, and less time on non-revenue-generating tasks like billing and project management. BMS's scalable, open, cloud-based architecture means you can: Define & deploy new services rapidly Manage client IT projects effectively Monitor service delivery with 360o visibility
10,000ft Plans is simple, collaborative software that improves the way you allocate resources, plan your project portfolio, and uncover insightful business data. The interactive schedule view allows you to see who is working on what, find people with availability, and address issues before they become problems. It features an intuitive interface that makes resource planning an easy and enjoyable process. Assignments are sent to team member profile pages where the team can review the projects they are assigned to and record how long they worked on each one. Tracking time in 10,000ft Plans is as simple as clicking confirm. If you worked more or less than what was planned, you can indicate that on the time sheet, and even add a note. Every project has a project dashboard that shows the timeline, the team assigned to the project, and a high level status of how the project is performing. You can track time, fees, and expenses for every project, and the status reports will update as your team fills out their timesheet. The Reports & Analytics section is where you can analyze your project profitability and future forecasting for projects and clients. You can create custom reports by grouping and pivoting your data across a number of filters to get different views of your company's past and future performance. 10,000ft Plans focuses on the high level information about your teams and projects to give you the big picture of your business. Get started by signing up for a free 30-day trial.
KeyedIn offers Professional Services Automation and Project & Portfolio Management solutions that automate the workflow of project management and services delivery teams, giving them new levels of efficiency, productivity, and visibility. KeyedIn is used by tens of thousands of knowledge workers around the globe across dozens of industries. The software is designed for leaders in any organization tasked with selecting high-value projects, managing finite resources efficiently, and delivering projects on time and on budget.
Tigerpaw is an all-in-one end-to-end business solution that helps you streamline your business, improve efficiency, and get more sales. With Tigerpaw One, the days of dealing with multiple business software vendors, settling for partial solutions and worrying about whether systems work together are over. We combine the best features of CRM, PSA, and BPM Software to streamline how you deliver IT and technology services. That means more time for you to grow your business, help customers and enjoy your life when the work day's done.
Changepoint PSA offers end-to-end engagement lifecycle management for faster revenue recognition, better service delivery and happier clients.
VOGSY Professional Services Automation Platform is built on the Google Cloud platform and integrated into Google's G Suite. It is your single source of engagement for 24/7 critical and actionable insights into business health and profitability. It includes project collaboration, a services platform and operational dashboard driving outcomes from quote to cash, and a sales platform for a holistic customer view from pipeline to project close. The fully integrated platform includes: project management, time and expenses, resource management, finance and billing, data and insight, timeline and collaboration, CRM. It also has integrations with other systems.
ActiveCollab is a powerful, yet simple project management software. It helps your team stay organized when you outgrow email. But it's so much more than that — with plenty of neat add-ons, it's a one-stop solution for your whole business. ActiveCollab gives you a nice overview of your team's activity across projects. It also allows you to bring clients on board and collaborate. With it, you can delegate tasks to your team, get a detailed overview of your projects, estimate and track time on tasks, and issue invoices to clients in a matter of seconds. ActiveCollab is a robust solution that adapts to your workflow. It features a Gantt-like timeline and a Kanban card view. You can switch from one to the other depending on your needs and workflow. When collaborating solely by email starts to weigh you down, but you can't replace it - ActiveCollab gives you structure without having to forego email and what works. You can create new tasks by sending email to a project, or reply to email notifications to leave a comment - you can manage your projects without leaving your inbox. For more than 10 years, ActiveCollab has been trusted by over 200.000 people in companies ranging from small businesses to Fortune 500 members, universities and government institutions. Some of our clients include: Apple, Publicis, Ogilvy, Harvard University, BBC, Cisco, Adobe, NASA, Universal Studios, and Disney. ActiveCollab runs in the cloud like most browser apps today, but you can also install it on your own server. That way you pay a one-time fee and have total control over your privacy and data. Try the full version free for 30 days and see how it works you.
Reduce costs, increase project visibility, and stay on budget — with easy timesheets! ClickTime makes it easy to track, plan, and manage employee time. Improve operations and increase employee productivity through easy-to-use timesheets you can access anywhere, anytime: Easy for Everyone Track time on your phone or laptop, quickly approve employee hours, or dive into dashboards and reports that make it easy to manage budgets and plan employee time. Real-Time Answers Whether you're estimating project costs, reviewing past performance, or simply want to know who has not completed their timesheets, ClickTime gives you instant answers to the questions you have about your business. Powerful Reports Not all timesheets are created equal. That's why we've built unique time tracking solutions for agencies, nonprofits, consultants, universities, architects, IT, healthcare and more. You can customize nearly anything in ClickTime — or dive into nearly 100 out-of-the-box reports. Management Tools Instantly know which projects are over or under budget. Understand employee availability, costs, and productivity. And approve timesheets, time off, and billable hours with ease. Learn more at www.clicktime.com!
Journyx is project, time and expense tracking software that allows you to automate cost accounting, measure work profitability, bill customers, and pay employees. Journyx is scalable from small businesses to large enterprises, and can be integrated with nearly any other accounting, payroll, project and human resource system. Journyx PX takes all of the core functionality of Journyx and adds the ability to forecast costs, revenues and resource availability for future projects. Journyx PX is resource management software that provides work and financial forecasting for a complete picture of project and budget status, employee time and availability.
CrossConcept Continuum PSA is specifically designed with a focus towards small to medium-sized businesses in the Professional Services industry. CrossConcept Continuum PSA allows your organization to maximize profitability by seamlessly connecting your project and financial accounting, enabling you to manage all stages of your project from conception to completion and deliver on your promises.
Nutcache is a smart all-in-one project management tool with a real-time workspace for collaboration and including time tracking, expenses & invoicing.
Q360 PSA Solution is designed to manage business processes within a professional services organization that can be tailored to meet the needs of your business providing you insight and control to manage your business operations.
CorrigoPro Request puts you at the top of your clients' to-call list. And you can manage all service requests through the CorrigoPro Desktop.
Epicflow's team of professionals aspires to make complex multi-project environment easy to manage and control. So far, the company has launched its Epicflow add-on that solves resource conflicts and prioritizes tasks based on demand. Epicflow's web-based solution meets the needs of Project Managers and C-level executives to improve business outcomes as a result of high-level task prioritization and resource allocation. With a powerful scientific algorithm, Epicflow facilitates planning, re-scheduling, execution, and control of multiple projects simultaneously. It is an effective project management solution that sets priorities and solves operational dilemmas connected with overload. This tool retrieves source data from MS Project and Jira, and doubles their value by adding features that perfectly work in a multi-project environment. While a historical load graph is designed to compare progress between previous and present projects, a future load graph predicts the flow of additional project in relation to the ones that already exist in the pipeline. The main strength of Epicflow is that it approaches business as the input of human resources and their skills. If you use Jira or MS Project and are not satisfied with your current project performance, check how adding an Epicflow plugin can make your complex environment easy to manage.
Forecast is a full end-to-end data-driven Professional Service Automation (PSA) SaaS platform. Forecast provides intelligent project insights for better business decisions. We help businesses gain transparency and understand how their projects perform. We do this by giving vital visual feedback that is easy to understand. Forecast requires only minutes of training and connecting to your existing apps is as easy as clicking a button.
Gustav is a staffing service aggregator designed for fast growing technology companies.
Magnetic Software is an all-in- one workflow management platform designed and built for agencies. It combines all essential project management capabilities into a single easy-to- use system: account management, sales CRM software, business development, traffic management, project management software, time tracking, billing, HR management and resource scheduling. We designed Magnetic to help agencies waste less time, manage projects smarter, and deliver on time and within budget. The system offers a bird's eye view into your business from anywhere, at any time. From key sales metrics to instant profitability reports, resource availability and time allocation, you're able to track multiple areas of your agency at any moment.
Magstar's TOTAL RETAIL ERP is a comprehensive suite of retail and back office applications for small and mid-sized retailers. Total Retail combines the front-end Point of Sale and Customer Relationship Management to the Warehouse and Back office for full retail operations management. Over 400 + stores across North America trust Total Retail to manage their entire specialty retail business. Utilizing a common database throughout with complete sub-system interaction, your entire team will be on the same page and looking at the same information. Total Retail has been recognized as a leader by its clients having been awarded the Retail Info Systems News for the last 11 years.
You're in business to do great work for your clients. But before you focus on their business, spend five minutes every day with Metis and focus on our three simple steps to propel your own business forward. Gather data; track performance; and action change. So you can concentrate on what you do best - great work. Metis can help you: • Spend more time with your team on the things that matter • Devolve responsibility without losing control • Focus on profitability without compromising the great work you do for clients • Lay solid foundations for strong growth • Get rid of a hotchpotch of spreadsheets and systems that don't talk to each other
Resource planning and talent management software for enterprise and medium-sized companies
Vorex Time & Expense is a leader in Cloud-based solutions. Easy to use and feature-rich. Access it from anywhere using a PC, laptop, ipad, or smartphone. Track billable/non-billable, control hours & spending limits, design your workflow, get notifications, and much more. Whether you want basic Time/Expense Tracking, extensive reporting & analysis, budgeting, or payroll data collection- Vorex is the solution for your company.
Aduno provides solutions to accelerate project management for service providers.
By collecting all your business data in the Akuiteo ERP solution, you can leverage and log all your actions for each project. You can learn lessons from the past, increase process maturity and understand the present.
AlertPSA is a solution for the business management needs of the service companies. It manages the project life cycle from initial customer request to service delivery and billings.
Amidship is a small business platform. We help you build your website, manage your schedule, and track your sales - all in one place.
Beeye is a web application designed to help manager make informed decisions about capacity planning and forecasting by giving them the most relevant information as early as possible.
Big Sky provides advanced communication & management solutions to capture, track, manage & solve issues that affect retail operations & facilities.
From initial contact to final payment, Booking Social provides a solution for consultants, health professionals, coaches, lawyers, accountants, photographers and many other service providers.
Braid is resource management and planning tool. It is an AI-based scheduling solution designed to support the operational needs of professional services organisations.


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Mail Blast
Mail blast is essentially a one off email. Imagine the situation whereby you've suddenly got some availability in your schedule. You might be a painter and decorator for example. You might do your best to plan around the weather, but the forecast is for heavy rain on Monday when you've planned an exterior job. A mail blast enables you to send out a quick email to all the contacts in your database selling that time at a reduced rate. Rather than being left with no work on Monday, you now have the opportunity to fill your time with a last minute job. You can say, "We've just had the weather warning and we no longer want to be outdoors on Monday. For that reason, we're offering a 50% discount to the first customer who books us."
Without a system in place, that becomes quite a difficult task. You only want to send it to the people who will find it most relevant and who aren't already booked in for a full price job. If you've got a system in place, you can select the ideal recipients easily and just send out a mail blast.
A mail blast is probably the closest thing to a sales letter. Therefore, it is important to think about how you're going to write it. Again, I would avoid flash graphics. Just write as you would normally and say something along the lines of; "Hey guys, this particular incident has happened. This means I can do this particular offer and it's the first limited number of people to reply that'll be able to use that time on Monday". Make sure that you're not being overly sales driven, simply present the opportunity and make sure that you have a time or number limited offer to get people to respond quickly.
Now, given that that mail blast might just happen quickly, you could already have some prepared for common eventualities. You could create a Bad weather Mail Blast' a 'Stock Clearance Mail Blast' or a 'Cancelled booking Mail Blast'. This way, it's there waiting for when you need to use it. You might have a "Job Delayed Mail Blast" or "I've just taken on a new intern Mail Blast". As an example, you could be a hairdresser who has got a new stylist coming in and you want to get the appointment book filled. Whatever the reason may be, you can have those messages pre-set so that you can just roll them out when they become relevant.
What I want you to do now is, to have a look at what it is that you could quickly email out if you've already got it sat there ready. How could you get more sales and fill up more capacity by having those emails at your fingertips?


text: Hello I have been looking at a lot of business directory scripts. I have also heard of a lot of nightmares where some of the better ones can be buggy and need paid updates / or a coder to fix. Are there any recommended ones or ideally open source scripts it is very annoying as I find open source versions of link directories, article directories and a few others but no business directories. There were also some recommended here but they were inside a pdf that I tried downloading and could never open? Any help would be much appreciated. We are on a small budget for this and would ideally like one with a .csv import and big g maps if poss. Failing that is there a decent commercial one that wont cost an arm and a leg in updates / coders to fix. Ideally I dont want a nulled / illegal script. Many thanks in advance you guys rock!


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Irina has a brilliant body. Her beautiful natural tits, cute twat and smooth butt with a very tight butthole. When her handsome lover starts playing with her sweet ass, she gives up and lets him fuck her asshole. Firstly, she gives him an outstanding blowjob to make him as hard as possible, so when he is ready, he penetrates her anal hole, bringing both of them maximum pleasure. She moans and makes him cum, leaving her buns covered with a hot sperm.
Cute young girls love anal sex from guys with big cocks


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OW! That's my hair!!!In general, if you're not sure if strap-on-sex will be your thing, I highly recommend this harness. It was my first harness and I've had a lot of fun with it. However, if you know strap-on sex is going to be part of your usual repertoire, I would not recommend it.
It's cheap, simple, machine-washable, and makes a good starter harness.
It slides around, it grabs hair, it pinches, and causes serious camel-toe.
This is definitely a starter harness intended for folks just curious about strap-on sex. It's not great, but it does the job. It's compatible with most dildos, it washes easily, and it's fairly cheap. This toy is also compatible with the Feeldoe, unlike most other harnesses. So even though it slides around a lot, it's a really good buy IF you're not sure strap-on play is your thing.
If you're very interested in strap-on sex and expect it to be part of your usual sex repertoire, I would not buy this harness.
If you're very interested in strap-on sex and expect it to be part of your usual sex repertoire, I would not buy this harness.
This toy uses nylon straps and metal o-rings, so it's washing-machine safe. This is really nice since the position of the straps puts them right in the line of fire when things get slippery. When washing I always put it in a dedicates bag or a tied-up old t-shirt to prevent it from becoming a tangled mess. The metal O-rings feel quite cold on skin, so if this isn't your thing it might be a good idea to invest in some rubber O-rings. I really like the cold feel, so it wasn't a problem.
Design / Craftsmanship
The Bare as you dare harness moves around way too much. The buckles are slippery enough that I usually have to tie knots behind them to keep the harness from loosening while we play. It feels very insecure during sex and the front O-ring usually drifts about 6 inches from where I'd want it to be by the time we're finished. It feels a bit like driving with a loose steering wheel.
Size / Fit
In addition to the poor design, I also didn't like the fit. The G-string idea is cool, but it feels very odd the way it shifts in my butt and in between my lips while we play. Even if I have it adjusted on the tightest possible setting it manages to twist and chafe. Imagine wearing a rope-harness made out of an old seat-belt and you'd be about there. In addition to all the moving around, one of the buckles lands right on my clit, and not in a good way. One way you can get around the pinching is by wearing underwear under the harness, but still causes some severe and occasionally uncomfortable camel-toe. The twisting camel-toe straps and the looseness of the ring causes, the worst thing about this harness, hair pulls.
I'm pretty sure my neighbors could hear me scream when it claimed its first few strands.
I'm pretty sure my neighbors could hear me scream when it claimed its first few strands.
Since I bought this toy out of curiosity, it worked perfectly for what I wanted it to do. I discovered I love strap-on sex! All the pinching and chafing makes it sound like it was a horrible experience but I really had a great time. If I hadn't found this cheap harness, I might not have tried strap-on sex for quite a while longer and that's just what this toy is good for.
If you're not sure if you're going to like it, this toy is an excellent investment. If you don't like it, it's not the end of the world.
If you're not sure if you're going to like it, this toy is an excellent investment. If you don't like it, it's not the end of the world.
Personal comments
This is kind of a mediocre harness but it works great with the Feeldoe. Although the Feeldoe is supposed to be harness-free, I sometimes need the extra control when things get really busy. Bare as you dare gives me all the support I need and it fits the Feeldoe perfectly. There aren't very many harnesses out there that will fit the Feeldoe, let alone for this price, and using it with the Feeldoe was SO MUCH FUN! It made our strap-on play so much more intense and it made the gender-play aspect of it more intense because I could actually feel what I was doing.
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This content is the opinion of the submitting contributor and is not endorsed by EdenFantasys.com
thanks for this review
Thanks for the review & for the test drive. Nylon isn't really my thing & I'd prefer a more "comfortable & snug" fit. I'll know to look elsewhere for a harness.
nice review
good stuff. thanks much!
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I've been lurking here for a while but am now registering
My background is in Physics but for the last 20 years I've been working in Information Technology writing books, whitepapers, articles, newsletters etc. See my website for more info. I met the Lord many years ago in university and took Intro NT Greek at the time but let it slide. About three years ago I started trying to pick it up again after a "Holy Spirit event" in my life and since then I've been assembling some learning and reference resources as this photo of my bookshelf illustrates:
Unfortunately the more I learn the more questions I have, hence I thought I'd try joining in here
Mitch Tulloch
Mitch Tulloch
Please introduce yourself here, if you haven't already.
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Re: Mitch Tulloch
Hi, Mitch, and welcome to the forum. I'm glad you joined up.
Good luck moving forward with your studies of Greek!
Good luck moving forward with your studies of Greek!
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Jason A. Hare
Tel Aviv, Israel
Tel Aviv, Israel
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1000 Islands and Seaway Cruises
Our Brockville location is:
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Our Caiger's Resort location is 1 km east of Rockport at:
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|Home | About | Contact | Vitamins for Schizophrenia
We wrapped a few children's presents. They are ready to go in the mail. I am just heading off to an exam to work as a proctor. My wife is seeing her ACT team today and her best friend is over.Posted by petert at December 20, 2005 11:40 AM


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According to TMZ, Wes Welker, wide receiver for the Denver Broncos, allegedly walked away from the Kentucky Derby with an extra $15,000 that wasn't his because a machine malfunctioned. When Churchill Downs asked him to return the money, he responded on The Dan Patrick Show, "Get in line!"
The five-time Pro Bowler maintained that "we had no clue. They could have underpaid us and we wouldn't have known."
Welker placed a series of bets at Churchill Downs on May 3rd, mostly on second-place finisher Commanding Curve. The long-shot gambles paid off. He sent a friend to collect, and that friend received $57,193.90. Upon receipt of the cash, the shifty slot receiver gave $100 bills to random strangers in celebration of his good fortune.
TMZ reports that officials at Churchill Downs say that the error by the machine occurred while Welker's ticket was being paid out, and Welker got an additional $14,858.55. A representative for Churchill Downs said that once the track figured out what had happened, they immediately sent a letter to Welker's friend asking for the money back. The track doesn't expect their money paid back, at least directly. Churchill Downs spokesman Darren Rogers says he wants Welker to return to the historic track and wager that $14,858.55.


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Embargoes and sanctions on Burma
Information on embargoes on Burma and how to apply for an export licence.
This guide contains information about embargoes and sanctions on Burma, and provides information for exporters. You can find more general information here on sanctions, embargoes and restrictions, and a list of all the countries where there are current restrictions.
Governments worldwide control the export of goods due to the nature and destinations of the proposed export. Exports of strategic goods and technology are controlled for many reasons including:
- concerns about internal repression, regional instability and other human rights violations
- concerns about the development of weapons of mass destruction
- foreign policy and international treaty commitments including as a result of the imposition of EU or UN trade sanctions or arms embargoes
- national and collective security of the UK and its allies
There is currently an arms embargo and other restrictions in force on Burma. This is an EU-imposed embargo which has been implemented in UK law.
On 16 May 2012, the EU adopted Council Regulation (EU) No 409/2012 suspending restrictive measures against Burma until 20 April 2013. The UK has subsequently issued a UK legislative order, the Export Control (Syria and Burma Sanctions Amendment) and Miscellaneous Revocations Order 2012 (SI 2012/2125). This UK order came into force on 6 September 2012 and suspends the UK's domestic enforcement measures until 20 April 2013.
Export control updates
If you intend to export to Burma you should keep yourself well informed of the current situation through the media and other information channels.
To keep informed of latest updates about arms embargoes and changes to strategic export control legislation, please subscribe to the Export Control Organisation's Notices to Exporters.
- Notice to Exporters 2013/22 - issued 21 August 2013, changes to EU sanctions against Syria and Burma and related UK legislation.
- Notice to Exporters 2012/40 - Issued 31 August 2012, new export control legislation concerning Syria and Burma.
Extent of the arms embargo on Burma
An arms embargo is a ban on the export of arms and related material - ie military ammunition, weapons and goods - which may be imposed by a number of organisations, including the UN, The EU or the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. It may also be imposed at a national level.
The UK interprets this as covering all goods and items on the UK Military List (which forms part of the UK Strategic Export Control Lists), unless, otherwise stated.
Some goods which are not on the UK Military List might also need an export licence. Read the guide on the Military End-Use Control.
Applying for an export licence to Burma
Exporters can apply for an export licence for their goods. All applications will be considered by the government on a case-by-case basis in line with the provisions of the Consolidated Criteria for UK and European Union (EU) Arms Exports. Read the guide on licence decision making - the consolidated criteria.
For details on different export licences available see the guide on licences: export, trade control and transhipment.
When applying for a licence, you should be aware of the current licence processing times by destination. You can find details of licensing statistics on the ECO Reports and Statistics website.
In applying and using any licence, exporters should be aware of their responsibilities. Read the guide on compliance and enforcement of export controls.
If you are unsure if your goods are controlled, you should read the guide about strategic exports: when to request an export licence.
Sanctions on Burma: key legislation
The arms embargo on Burma has been imposed by EU laws, and implemented in the UK by statutory instruments.
There are currently no UN Security Council resolutions on Burma.
EU legislation
The EU first adopted measures including an arms embargo against Burma in 1990 which was subsequently confirmed on 29 July 1991 by the General Affairs Council and Common Position 1996/635/CFSP. This embargo covers weapons and ammunition, weapon and non-weapon platforms and ancillary equipment. It also covers spare parts, repairs, maintenance and transfer of military technology.
The EU has since renewed, modified and extended the scope of the regulations.
On 16 May 2012, the EU took action to suspend restrictive measures against Burma until 20 April 2013. This measure was adopted in Council Regulation (EU) No 409/2012 and published in the EU Official Journal on 15 May 2012 (OJ L126, 15.5.2012, p1).
You can access Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) legislation on the Europa website.
UK legislation
UK legislation on the arms embargo on Burma is listed below:
- Export Control Order 2008 (SI 2008/3231) - Burma is a destination listed in this Order under Schedule 4, Part 2 (Countries and Destinations subject to stricter export of trade controls)
- Burma (Sale, Supply, Export, Technical Assistance, Financing and Financial Assistance) (Penalties and Licences) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/2682)
- Export Control (Burma) Order 2008 (SI 2008/1098), as amended by Export Control (Burma) Order 2010 (SI 2010/1675)
- Export Control (Syria and Burma Sanctions Amendment) and Miscellaneous Revocations Order 2012 (SI 2012/2125) suspending UK domestic enforcement measures until 20 April 2013 (following EU sanctions measures of 16 May 2012).
Read the guide on the Export Control Order 2008.
You can access copies of any UK legislation on the Legislation.gov website.
Other restrictions on Burma
There is also a ban on the supply of equipment which could be used for internal repression.
Further information
UK Trade & Investment Enquiry Line
020 7215 8000
BIS ECO Helpline
020 7215 4594 or Email: email@example.com
Subscribe to the Export Control Organisation's Notices to Exporters
Goods checker on the ECO Checker website (registration required)
ECO performance reports and statistics on the ECO Reports and Statistics website
CFSP legislation on the Europa website
UK legislation on the Legislation.gov website
Security Council resolutions on the UN website
Burma country listing for on the UK Trade & Investment website


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Grime Stoppers offers house cleaning and maid services in St. Cloud. MN, Sartell, Sauk Rapids, and surrounding areas. We offer:
- Detailed home cleaning – weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly
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A break in a raised graded area usually serves as evidence of a railroad grade long abandoned. Photo by Joe Crouse, January 2010.
Add your comments
The right of way is still visiable in Google Earth. I have explored just south of Chloride and have found a spike and rail joiner bolt.
Las Vegas, NV
two comments -
one, you can see a picture of the old Chloride depot here -
second - looking at this on google maps, there appears to be the remains of two separate wyes southwest of town, one large one which is clearly the remainder of this line, but a second one to the north of it which appears older and smaller. also, going west from the larger wye, there appears to be the remains of a second line going approximately nine miles to the west to another mine site.
ive sketched them up on google maps for your perusal - https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=208048710284539776950.0004f332b78a447ab5781&msa=0
Henry R
Chandler, AZ
there's a bunch of info on this line here as well - http://arizonarailsruinstrails.blogspot.com/2012/01/arizona-and-utah-railroadwestern.html
Do you have any pictures or information about McConnico to Chloride?


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I awoke on the morning of June 3 filled with restless anticipation. An appointment to meet George Gress and Tracy Coleman, two biologists from The Nature Conservancy, might finally reward me with the sight of an animal that had escaped me for 30 years.
I awoke on the morning of June 3 filled with restless anticipation. An appointment to meet George Gress and Tracy Coleman, two biologists from The Nature Conservancy, might finally reward me with the sight of an animal that had escaped me for 30 years.
The smallest and rarest turtle in North America — the bog turtle — exists in small numbers in only 12 eastern states. Despite spending countless hours outdoors studying the wildlife and vegetation in these same states, I had never encountered one of these diminutive reptiles, and I was extremely anxious to fill in that vacant spot on my reptile checklist.
Since 1974, the bog turtle has been legally protected in Pennsylvania, but its numbers continued to decline throughout its range by 50 percent or more. Much of its shallow wetland habitat had been converted to residential or commercial use or golf courses. And, because of its rarity, small size and "cuteness," it was highly valued by illegal collectors in the black market pet trade, especially overseas.
In 1997, it was finally given federal protection and classified as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. Now, laws and funds were available for more research it its remaining homes, habitat requirements and preservation.
The two biologists I drove to meet in Monroe County were involved in ongoing studies to learn as much as they could about this mysterious turtle and how to maintain its security in the Poconos.
There are actually two distinct population complexes of bog turtles in the eastern U.S., separated by a 250-mile gap. The northern bog turtles occur in fewer than 200 sites in parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland. The southern bog turtles occupy southern Virginia down into extreme northeastern Georgia.
First discovered by the Rev. Muhlenberg in Lancaster in 1778, the bog turtle is distinguished not only by its small size — the upper shell, or carapace, averages just three inches and rarely exceeds four inches in length — but by prominent, squarish, bright orange or reddish patches of skin on the sides of its face. The upper shell is brownish to ebony in color, with distinct sculptured lines on younger turtles that become smoothed off on older adults from burrowing in the mud. Bog turtles can live as long as 50 years in the wild.
Hibernating from October to April in burrows at the bases of tree roots in wetlands, bog turtles emerge in spring to bask in the warmth of the sun. There diet consists of insects, snails, slugs, worms, crayfish and lots of plant material.
Despite their common name, they don't really live in the acidic bogs typical of the Pocono Plateau. Instead, the preferred habitat is a broad, open, marshy, spring-fed, saturated grassland with shallow, neutral to slightly alkaline water, narrow rivulets, a muddy bottom, very few trees and plenty of sedges, grasses, mosses, skunk cabbage and other plants that grow in low, thick clumps emerging from the water and mud.
There are often cattails, shrubs like alder, silky dogwood, and arrowwood and small red maples, but once these woody plants become too dense, the bog turtle's preferred wet-meadow habitat disappears.
Such ideal habitats are often created by beavers and may once have been maintained by elk browsing the woody plants. Nowadays, cattle may ironically help to maintain these transitional, temporary bog turtle habitats.
About a month after emerging from hibernation, bog turtles find mates, and some time in June the females lay only two to five eggs in a shallow depression on top of a clump of moss or sedge tussock.
Six to eight weeks later, baby turtles smaller than a quarter hatch, unless raccoons, mink or other predators found the eggs.
And so, on June 3, wearing a dirty old pair of sneakers (George and Tracy wore hip boots), I accompanied my mentors into some saturated meadows after receiving the permission of the landowners.
Almost immediately, Tracy found a turtle — the wood turtle, a close relative, but a species that I've seen many times. Discussing the similar shells possessed by these two close relatives, I glanced down and saw a second, smaller turtle, which I picked up.
My first bog turtle! Within 15 minutes, I found two more, and by the end of our two hours together we found nine bog turtles! They ranged in size from 2 to 3½ inches and in age from about 4 to more than 20 years old.
I managed to take many photos of these shy, beautiful reptiles, several of which had already been marked and measured by the biologists on previous visits.
Perhaps only several thousand of these turtles remain on the face of the earth, many of them on private land. Although laws have been passed to protect them, the cooperation and good will of these landowners is absolutely necessary to ensure that the Rev. Muhlenberg's little turtle retains its precarious foothold in its marshy landscape.


text:
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