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A bit about Bailey: She came from a rescue in Pennsylvania where she had been adopted and returned twice. So, in her short 12 month life, we are her 5th temporary home (at least). While she doesn't seem to have been abused or treated badly, being shuffled from home to home has got to take a toll on such a young girl. She's up to date on her shots and heartworm medications, is spayed, gets along with other dogs, and is potty trained. However, she will require a patient and dedicated owner who is willing to work with her using hand signals. But she's as sweet as they come and totally worth it.
When I learned we were getting a deaf foster, I had to do a bit of research myself into how to communicate with them. The Deaf Dog Education Action Fund (DDEAF) has a website with a ton of information about deaf dogs and using hand signals. The only trick with teaching a deaf dog is that you have to have their attention first, so that they can see what hand signal you are making. Bailey already knows the sign for sit and if she's looking at me and I move my open hand upward, she will sit. It's pretty awesome. The cool part is that you can use any signal you want for the commands, so long as you reward properly when they perform the task.
The first challenge was getting her attention for a picture. Trying to get her to look at me without using my voice, while simultaneously focusing the camera was no easy feat. Here are some of her outtakes...
I already know what this sweet little soul is going to teach us: Patience. A typical boisterous dalmatian puppy is enough to try anyone's patience, but one that doesn't listen (literally), will be a true test. I must remember that she is not ignoring me on purpose and find ways to speak her language. So wish us luck as we work with Bailey and search for her forever home. Deaf, blind, injured, it doesn't matter to me, I love them all the same.


text: Hello Im not sure if this has been posted but I found what is causing the missing apps from market place... DoggCatcher missing from Android Market on Sprint Hero | Home of DoggCatcher the Android Podcatcher that is where i found it but basically apps that have copy protection (DRM) on them are not showing up in hero and eris phone on latest update this has been annoying for myself and many others since we payed for apps and now cannot use them.... be sure to twitter @htc or give them a jingle @Tel: 425-679-5318 or hell even send them some snail mail @ HTC America 13920 SE Eastgate Way, Suite 400 Bellevue, Washington 98005 and let them know how you feel. (politely naturally) be sure to let them know how little faith you have in spending money on a market where you cant download apps you have already paid for. you might wanna let google know as well but i dont have the dev contatc info.... sorry if this is old news but its new to me

subset: commoncrawl


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About Us
About Montreal
Our Properties
Contact Us
Area Information
This stately building is located on the corner of Sherbrooke Street West and Rosemount Avenue in Westmount. Just steps from Greene Avenue, Westmount's most prestigious street. A five-minute walk to the Atwater metro station and the Pepsi Forum. And of course, just minutes from the downtown area.
(Click to view map)
Our properties
1 Rosemount Ave.
Located in Westmount, Montreal's most exclusive residential neighbourhood
Spacious, bright 1 to 4-bedroom apartments in quiet building
Features bay windows, hardwood floors, high ceilings, mouldings, laundry facilities
Includes heat, hot water, fridge & stove
Close to all forms of public transportation, shops, restaurants, services and beautiful Westmount park
for availabilities, please
click Here
Building Pictures
(Click on picture to enlarge)
© 2005 All rights reserved


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Receive the latest housing news from VHFA by email.
With jobs to fill in Vermont's Upper Valley towns, the lack of housing affordable to potential employees is becoming an obvious economic challenge, according to Vermont Business Magazine.
VHFA had a great 2017!
Chittenden County has the biggest imbalance between its share of VT jobs and homes, according to recent VHFA analysis. Although 33% of the state's jobs are in Chittenden County, the state is home to only 28% of the state's workers and only 25% of the state's homes. This is likely caused in part by workers living in Franklin County, where the share of homes outnumbers the share of jobs, who commute to Chittenden County for work.
Washington County also has an imbalance similar to Chittenden's, but on a much smaller scale.
The recent annual report on rental housing from Harvard University's Joint Center for Housing Studies (JCHS) has found that although the national demand for rental housing has decreased slightly overall, there is still significant need for housing affordable to low-income renters.
VHFA's Sarah Carpenter and Maura Collins talked with reporters this week about likely impacts of the many provisions related to housing included in the federal tax reform bill passed this week.
Housing partners seeking to improve opportunities for lower income Vermonters described this week why federal tax reform bills would make reaching this goal much harder and hurt Vermont communities. Learn more from these WPTZ and CCTV stories.
The Vermont Affordable Housing Coalition (VAHC), a state leader in housing policy, research and advocacy, issued the following statement last week on the tax bill recently passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and under consideration in the Senate:
From the Vermont Affordable Housing Coalition -
Vermont Governor Phil Scott joined legislative and housing leaders in a press conference last week to update the public on the first year progress of the Building Homes Together campaign.
In an effort to increase the availability of affordable homes in Vermont, Champlain Housing Trust teamed up with Chittenden County Regional Planning Commission and Housing Vermont to set a goal of 3,500 new homes within 5 years, with 20% of them being permanently affordable.
In each of Vermont's northernmost counties, the median price of homes sold during the first half of 2017 was more than 10% higher than a decade earlier, according to our recent analysis of VT Tax Department data on non-vacation homes.
Home price data through June 2017 for every town and county in the state was recently added to the Vermont Housing Data website's community profiles.


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Cream cheese pound cake is made by blending 3 cups pancake mix, 1 1/2 cups sugar, 1/2 cup flour and 3/4 cup butter with 1 teaspoon vanilla, 1/8 teaspoon salt, six eggs and 8 ounces cream cheese. Bake in a tube pan for about 55 minutes at 350 degrees Fahrenheit.
Another baking recipe using pancake mix is for apple cinnamon cookies. Beat 1/4 cup vegetable shortening and 1/2 cup brown sugar on medium, then beat in an egg and 2 teaspoons vanilla. Mix in 1 1/2 cups pancake mix, 2 tablespoons flour and 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, then stir in 2/3 cup chopped and peeled apples, 1/3 cup toffee bits and 1/2 cup chopped walnuts. Place tablespoon-sized balls on a greased baking sheet, and bake 10 to 12 minutes at 350 degrees Fahrenheit. If desired, top the cooled cookies with warm caramel apple frosting.
A cherry swirl coffee cake using pancake mix calls for stirring together 4 cups pancake mix, 1/2 cup sugar, 1/4 cup melted butter and 1/2 cup milk with 1 teaspoon each of vanilla and almond extract and three eggs. Place two-thirds of the batter in a greased 15-by-10-inch pan, then top with a can of cherry pie filling. Spoon the remaining batter in drops on top of the cherry filling, and bake 20 to 25 minutes at 350 degrees Fahrenheit.


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I need to open all external links in a site in a new window/tab. But I can't trust the users to put a class or other data in the link. And I cannot trust them to add or remove the www. part of the domain name (if it's even supposed to be there).
Javascript to the rescue!


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I didn't actually go to see any fireworks but I saw loads from town/the car and the lovely Indian restaurant I was in.
I decided to give some really colourful full on make-up a go :) It's been a while...
I used a range of colours and products for my eye look, mostly the Urban Decay palette and my Urban decay glitter eyeliners. I also used some MUA shades in deep purple.
Excuse the silly picture, it just looked fun :)


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Workshop on Designing Efficient Public Procurement Policies to Foster Technology Transfer and Develo (ISTANBUL 2010)
Venue: To be announced
|Event Date/Time: Oct 01, 2010
|End Date/Time: Oct 02, 2010
|Registration Date: Mar 01, 2010
|Abstract Submission Date: Mar 01, 2010
|Paper Submission Date: Aug 31, 2010
Description of the Workshop
Developing countries, as a result of the nature of their development process and their insufficient infrastructure and superstructure stock, register high levels of imports of manufactured goods. To this date, various tools such as offset agreements have been used to acquire and transfer advanced technologies from developed countries to developing countries. This workshop aims to discuss the following theme:
•What kind of strategies and policies can be developed in order to utilize this need for manufactured imports in a way that it contributes to technology transfer, absorption and development to developing countries?
A seminal research avenue, the workshop aims to discuss the topic by bringing together various selected researches and professionals.


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We manufacture, wholesale hemp belt from Nepal found in large varieties designs and sizes and colors. This all are eco friendly products Nepal. It has high demand in the world. It was so lovely to finally come to one that has a practical approach AND natural feel to it. Thank you for being amazing!


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NeoConnect - Digitise your community
Today, European citizens are living in an interconnected world. This is largely due to an increase in the use of interactive digital tools that enable us to more easily share things with each other. Despite that, there is still an important gap between the EU bubble and European citizens as too many European networks are failing to engage with their extended communities and to develop their organisations.
In order to address these issues, FEDRA, Vox Teneo and @Vitam joined forces to develop NeoConnect, a digital tool designed specifically to:
- Interconnect your network and expand your community through your own digital platform;
- Create easy links and interactions between your members, best practices, organisations and projects;
- Share your specificities and spread your message across Europe and beyond.
More Info
Download our brochure to find everything you need to know about NeoConnect and its practicalities:
- In Dutch: coming soon...
- In Hungarian: coming soon...
Visit @vitam's platform to have a first glimpse of what your own platform could look like, with your own logo, lay out and community!


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Level 3 QRS rated Center!
We are a ministry of Coralville United Methodist Church.
Grace Garden is open Monday-Friday, 6:30 am- 6:00 pm. We gladly accept children ages 3-12 years of age.
"We have been extremely pleased with Grade Garden Preschool. The staff and board members are amazing and truly have the children's best interests at heart. "
-Amy Link, Parent
"I love how even the caregivers refer to the kids as friends. It makes our family feel like we really belong here and shows my son that everyone has the potential to be friends."
-Dalyn Peitz, Parent
"Grace Garden Preschool has nurtured my child's self-confidence and love of learning. Grace Garden has also brought prayer at the dinner table back into our (busy) lives, thank you!"
-Maria Martin, parent
Parent Reviews
We believe that every child is unique and will grow at his or her own pace. Our teachers spend time nurturing children's strengths and encouraging them to reach new heights. Come GROW with us!
Meet our staff and find out why they love teaching preschool!
Learn more about our child-first curriculum!
Fill out our enrollment form. Our staff is available to answer your questions.
Copyright 2013. Grace Garden Preschool. All rights reserved.


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Time Warner Inc. said its second-quarter earnings rose 10% as its revenue grew behind a surge in results at HBO and Turner.
The media giant's profit topped analysts' expectations a day after rival 21st Century Fox said it had withdrawn its proposal to buy Time Warner. Last month, Time Warner turned away an $80 billion buyout offer from Fox.
Time Warner also spun off its publishing business, Time Inc., in June, as the company looks to focus more on its film production and television operations.
Time Warner has posted strong results from its HBO unit, particularly as it has enjoyed high ratings for the violent fantasy series "Game of Thrones" and other buzz-worthy programs. However, the company's Turner Broadcasting unit has lagged in ratings even as its operating profit has grown in recent years, leading the company to try to rejuvenate its lineup.
HBO logged 17% revenue growth in the period, while Turner's revenue rose 4.7%.
Warner Bros. revenue fell 2.4% due to a tough comparison with last year's results, which included "Man of Steel."
As a whole, Time Warner posted earnings of $850 million, or 95 cents a share, up from $771 million, or 81 cents a share, a year earlier. Excluding certain items, the per-share profit rose to 98 cents from 76 cents.
Total revenue rose 2.7% to $6.79 billion.
Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters had recently projected per-share earnings of 84 cents and revenue of $6.87 billion.
Write to Michael Calia at firstname.lastname@example.com
Access Investor Kit for Time Warner, Inc.
Visit http://www.companyspotlight.com/partner?cp_code=A591&isin=US8873173038
Access Investor Kit for 21st Century Fox, Inc.
Visit http://www.companyspotlight.com/partner?cp_code=A591&isin=US90130A2006
Subscribe to WSJ: http://online.wsj.com?mod=djnwires


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Most of the energy we use today comes from fossil fuels. Coal, oil, and natural gas are all fossil fuels created several millions of years before by the decay of plants and animals. These fuels lie buried between layers of earth and rock. While fossil fuels are still being created today by underground heat and pressure, they are being consumed much more rapidly than they are created. For that reason, fossil fuels are considered as non-renewable; that is, they are not replaced as soon as we use them. So, we will run out of them sometime in the future. Moreover burning fossil fuels leads to pollution and many environmental impacts. Because our world depends so much on energy, we need to use sources of energy that will last forever. These sources are called renewable energy. Moreover these renewable energy sources are much more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels when they are burned.
Among fossil fuels somehow special character has uranium-nuclear fuel which can be exhausted in less than 100 years, but in so called breeder reactors it can multiply and last much more. Nevertheless problems with radioactive waste, which will present a danger for millions of years and the the impact of accident in Chernobyl, which showed a risk connected with nuclear energy, most governments in industrialised world are now abandoning nuclear power completely. This development continues despite the fact that nuclear energy, which produce almost zero emissions of greenhouse gases, can be somehow a solution to global climate change (see bellow). Emissions of greenhouse gases are now recognised as the most important force behind the efforts to decrease consumption of fossil power.
The main problem isnt that we use energy, but how we produce and consume energy resources. As long as we continue to cover our energy needs primarily by combustion of fossil fuels or nuclear reactions, we are going to have the problems, the environmental impacts, social and sustainability problems. What we really need are energy sources that will last forever and can be used without pollution of the environment.
Each year,
the equivalent of approx. 10 000 million tons of coal is consumed on earth as
energy. About 40 % from this is based on oil and together with coal and natural
gas more than 90 % of the total energy consumption result from carbon atoms in
these fossil fuels. The consequence will be a global warming (greenhouse effect)
and the lack of resources in the future.
History of energy consumption
Ancient discovery of fire and the possibility of burning wood made available, for the first time, fairly large amount of energy for mankind. Later (4000 and 3500 years B.C.) after the first sailing ships and windmills were developed and the use of hydropower began via water mills or irrigation systems, cultural development began to accelerate. For several thousands years human energy demands were covered only by renewable energy sources sun, biomass, hydro and wind power. It was only until the start of industrial revolution and the ability to transform heat into motion, when energy consumption and industrial development accelerated rapidly. The industrial revolution was a revolution of energy technology based on fossil fuels. This occurred in stages, from the exploitation of coal deposits to oil and natural gas fields on a global scale. It has been only half a century since nuclear power began being used as an energy source. After this fossil-based era world nears the beginning of another major transition, away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energy sources once again. Fundamental shift in the energy picture can be found in the enormous increase of energy demand since the middle of the last century. That increase is the result not only of industrial development but also of population growth. World population grew 3.2 times between 1850 and 1970, per-capita use of industrial energy increased about 20-fold, and total world use of industrial and traditional energy forms combined increased more than 12-fold.
Today fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas account for 90% of total primary energy supply. Estimated total world consumption of primary energy, in all forms (including non-commercial fuels like biomass), is a equivalent of almost 10.000 million tonnes of oil (mtoe) per year. World primary energy consumption increased by 2.7% in 2005, below the previous years strong growth of 4.4% but still above the 10-year average.
|All Fuels
|Solid fuels
|Natural gas
|Source: Commission services, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
|* Includes Hong Kong
World primary energy consumption
SEE MORE ENERGY STATISTICS (primary energy, oil, gas, nuclear and hydro)
According to official estimates, the energy consumption will continue to increase as it has been doing in the recent past, leading to increasing energy supply problems and increased environmental problems.
One important driver for increased energy consumption is the increasing population. The world population was approximately 6 billion people in 2000. The UN estimates of population trends foresees that it will continue to increase to around 8 billion by 2025, but stabilising towards the year 2100 at somewhere between 10 and 12 billion people. Most of that increase will be in the less developed countries.
The official forecast from the International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2004 is that consumption throughout the world continue to grow over the next two decades, with most growth in Asia. World energy demand in 2020 is projected to reach nearly 600,000 PJ (14,400 Mtoe)
The expected increment in total energy demand between 1995 and 2020 - about 230,000 PJ (5,500 Mtoe) - would match the total world energy consumption recorded in 1971, just before the energy crisis of 1973. Two-thirds of all energy growth will occur in developing economies and economies in transition, with much of that growth concentrated in Asia. In 2002 energy use in industrialised countries (OECD countries + former socialist countries) exceeded total consumption in the nations of developing countries by 12%. By 2030, energy use in industrialised countries, is expected to exceed developing countries with only 2%.
According to the IEA World Energy Outlook, oil use is expected to exceed 5000 Mtoe in 2020, a consumption rate almost 50 % larger than in 1995. Oil trading patterns are expected to shift markedly as oil consumption in Asia Pacific areas far outpaces domestic production gains, leading to a large increase in imports from Middle East suppliers. World-wide, coal use is projected to reach 3200 Mtoe by 2020, almost 50% above consumption in 1995. Growth in coal use will be regionally concentrated, occurring for the most part in India and China.
Natural gas is expected to have the highest growth rate among fossil fuels, gaining share relative to oil and coal with a growth of 2.3% per year. By 2015 natural gas consumption on will exceed the total oil consumption recorded for 1995, at a level equivalent to two-thirds of the oil consumption projected for 2015. Natural gas consumption in 1995 was only about 55 percent of oil consumption.
According to IEA prediction only about 13 % of projected growth in energy demand over the next two decades will be served by renewable energy. In fact, the renewable energy share of world energy consumption declines from 13.5 % in 2002 to 13.3 % in 2020. Nuclear energy use is expected to remain with a stable production, leading to a falling share of total energy supply. Thus, world carbon CO2 emissions are projected to increase steadily to reach a level 39% above the 1990 level by 2010 and 66% above 1990 by 2020. The Climate Change Convention of 1992 commits all signatories to search for and develop policies to moderate or stabilize carbon emissions and the Kyoto Protocol commits most industrialised countries to reduce their emissions with at least 5% 1990-2010. However, even if all the developed countries were able to achieve stabilization or reductions of their emissions relative to 1990 levels, overall world CO2 emissions would still rise.
Per capita energy use in the worlds industrialized economies, which far exceeds the levels in newly emerging economies, is expected to change only moderately in the next two decades. In some emerging economies (for example, India and China), per capita energy use may double. Even with such growth, however, average per capita energy use in the developing countries will still be less than one-fifth the average for the industrialized countries in 2020.
In some official long-term forecasts, consumption of oil as the principal source of commercial energy today, will start to decline after the transition phase (after 2030). It is expected that natural gas will continue to be used as long as price and availability are satisfactory but as reserves reduce and gas prices rise, coal (which is usually less expensive than natural gas and its international prices are less likely to rise) will command a greater proportion of the market. To maintain energy levels and because of world-wide environmental concerns some experts predict that coal will have to be utilized cleanly, where gasification process will be the most environmentally friendly way of its future utilization, combined with capture and underground storage of CO2.
Opposite the official forecasts of IEA, EU and USA, many organisations have proposed a rapid increase in renewable energy use combined with strong increase in energy efficiency. With such transitions to sustainable energy systems, demands for fossil fuels and nuclear energy would gradually reduce. The report for the UN Solar Energy Group for Environment and Development from 1993 suggests that using technology already on the market or at the advanced engineering testing stage, by the middle of the 21st century renewable energy sources could account for 60 percent of the worlds electricity market and 40 percent of the market for fuels used directly. The International Network for Sustainable Energy suggests in its sustainable energy vision 2050 a global phase out of fossil fuel use until 2050 with a phase out of nuclear energy until about 2020. INFORSEs vision combines large increases in renewable energy use with increases in energy efficiency of 2-7 times. The large increases in energy efficiency are based on the potentials to increase energy efficiency by exchanging present energy consuming technologies with the best available proven technologies, such as very efficient electric appliances, houses with mainly passive heating and cooling, transport systems running on electricity and hydrogen etc. If these solutions are introduced on large scales, they will be cost-effective compared with the present technologies. The same is true for the large-scale use of renewable energy that is proposed with the vision. As a result it is possible to meet the same requirements as we have today for energy services (heated floorspace, industrial production etc.) with much less primary energy supply, and also allow some increases in the living standards.
Future total energy demand for the 25
EU-countries, if we follow INFORSEs vision 2050. Unit:
With INFORSEs vision, the global energy demand will be considerably lower than the total renewable energy potential.
GRAPH: Global energy in 2050 according to INFORSE Vision 2050, compared with global technical renewable energy potential.
With the vision the energy services in the developing countries will increase several times; but the total energy demand will not necessarily increase because of the large potentials for increase in energy efficiency. With the vision it is possible to supply everybody with basic energy needs for cooking, light, etc., and thereby ending the energy part of global poverty.
Comparing current global primary energy consumption in 2000 (in PJ, from IEA statistics) with the proposed situation in 2050.
Read more about INFORSEs Vision2050 at http://www.inforse.org/europe.
of Fossil Fuels - Oil Peak
Fossil fuels are valuable natural energy sources which required several millions of years for their creation but are now rapidly being depleted. The prominent worry that fossil fuels will run out was reported almost 30 years ago by the influential book Limits to Growth. This book reported a series of computer simulations of future resource use in which world fuel consumption continued to rise exponentially. The predicted result was an ultimate collapse in fuel supplies, regardless of the amount of fuel assumed to be available.
|The shortage expected in the dramatic concerns of those days do not seem imminent at present. The general principle that the amount of fossil fuels remaining is ultimately limited and cannot last for ever is obviously true, but estimating how long they will last is not a simple process. In any year, newly reported figures for proven reserves of oil, gas and coal are available. Proven reserves are generally taken to be those quantities which geological and engineering information indicate with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known deposits under existing economic and operating conditions. A useful figure of the merit for fuel reserves is the reserve/production ratio.
Like the fossil fuels, uranium is also one of the depletable natural resources. If uranium is only used in a once-through cycle where it is burned in a reactor only once and disposed as a waste thereafter, confirmed reserves are destined to be depleted in the next 60 years.
The reserves/production ratio for any region also gives an indication of the dependence of that area on more favoured regions. For example, for oil, the reserve/production ratio was less than 10 years for Western Europe and for North America it was about 25 years. Obviously, both regions would be in dire straits if they could not import oil from Middle East, where the ratio is nearly 100 years. The Middle East has some 60 % of the worlds reserves of oil, and Saudi Arabia alone contains about 25 %.
For gas the situation is
somewhat different, because of the massive reserves in the former Soviet Union.
This region holds some 40 % of the worlds reserves of gas, and another 40% of
gas is in the OPEC region. The world as a whole is greatly dependent upon a
limited number of regions which have most of the reserves. The
reserve/production ratio for coal are much larger and much more evenly
distributed. Unfortunately, coal has disadvantages compared to oil and gas. Coal
burning creates more CO2 per unit of energy released than is the case with gas
and oil, and more sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
OIL PEAK (read more)
Note Gb/a - giga barrels per year (giga = billion ).
Exploration for oil, the most important fossil fuel today, is a very expensive business. The amount of exploration is dependent upon economic conditions, particularly the price of oil, and upon political conditions. The worlds proven reserves of oil have increased from some 540 billion barrels in 1969 to just over 1000 billion barrels in 2000, but this does not mean that potential reserves are unlimited. The earth has been surveyed in great detail by the oil companies, and the easiest, cheapest and most promising reservoirs have all been found.
|In 1970, world-wide annual consumption of natural gas was 850 billion cubic meters. Today, annual consumption is over 2000 billion cubic meters and is increasing at 2.3 percent per year. North America was the only region were consumption declined. In the U.S. , the world largest consumer , gas use declined by 1.5%. The world consumption pattern has change in last few years. Not so long ago natural gas was considered as the most promising (cheap, abundant and clean) fuel source, but due to huge price increases in 2005 and the lack of resources mainly in Northern America the situation is changing.
|Largest natural gas consumption occurred in China, southern Europe and India. It seems clear that the demand for natural gas fuel will increase in the near future but will decline in the second half of the next century.
In the year 2005 coal was again the worlds fastest-growing fuel, with global consumption rising by 5%. Consumption in China, the worlds largest consumer, rose by 11%. China accounted for 80% of global growth. Consumption growth in the USA was also above average, while growth in the rest of the world was close to the 10-year average. Due to the sharp increases of oil and gas prices coal became cost effective fuel. This development seems to be very dangerous from the perspective of global warming (see more in chapter bellow). Emissions of carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas are the highest coal combustion among all fossil fuels.
Most important environmental impacts caused by energy sources are global climate change and acid rain both of which have the origin in the combustion of fossil fuels and lead to global or transboundary effects.
Climate Change : Vital Graphics + IPCC Report
During the last few decades, concern has been growing internationally that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will change our climate in ways detrimental to our social and economic well-being. Climate change or global warming means a gradual increase in the global average air temperature at the earths surface. Abundant data demonstrate that global climate has warmed during the past 150 years. The majority of scientists now believe that global warming is taking place, at a rate of around 0,3 deg. C per decade, and that it is caused by increases in the concentration of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The most important single component of these greenhouse gas emissions is carbon dioxide (CO2). The major source of emissions of CO2 are power plants, automobiles, and industry. Combustion of fossil fuels contributes around 80 percent to total world-wide anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
Another source is global deforestation. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow. When they are cut and burned that CO2 is released back into the atmosphere. Massive deforestation around the globe is releasing large amounts of CO2 and decreasing the forests ability to take CO2 from the atmosphere. The second major greenhouse gas is methane (CH4). It is a minor by-product of burning coal, and also comes from venting of natural gas (which is nearly pure methane). Different fossil fuels produce different amounts of CO2 per unit of energy released. Coal is largely carbon, and so most of its combustion products are CO2. Natural gas, which is methane, produces water as well as CO2 when it is burned, and so emits less CO2 per unit of energy than coal. Oil falls somewhere between gas and coal in terms of CO2 emissions, as it is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons. The amount of CO2 produced per unit of energy from coal, oil and gas is in the approximate proportion of 2 to 1,5 to 1. This is one of the reasons why there is a move towards greater use of natural gas instead of coal or oil in power stations, despite the much greater abundance of coal.
|The earths atmosphere is made up of several gases, which act as a greenhouse, trapping the suns rays as they are reflected from the earths surface. Without this mechanism, the earth would be too cold to sustain life as we know it. Since the industrial revolution, humans have been adding huge quantities of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. More greenhouse gases means that more heat is trapped, which causes global warming. By burning coal, oil and natural gas increases atmospheric concentrations of these gases. Over the past century, increases in industry, transportation, and electricity production have increased gas concentrations in the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove them leading to human-caused warming of the globe.
Recently, alarming events that are consistent with scientific predictions about the effects of climate change have become more and more commonplace. The global average temperature has increased by about 0.5 deg. C and sea level has risen by about 30 centimetres in the past century. 1998 was the hottest year since accurate records began in the 1840s, and ten of the hottest years have occurred during the last 15 years.
The following are events which consistent with scientists predictions of the effects of global warming. The past two decades have witnessed a stream of new heat and precipitation records. Glaciers are melting around the world. There has been a 50 percent reduction in glacier ice in the European Alps since 1900. Alaskas Columbia Glacier has retreated more than 12 kilometres in the last 16 years while temperatures there have increased. A huge section of an Antarctic ice shelf broke off. Some scientists think this may be the beginning of the end for the Larsen B ice shelf, which is about the size of Connecticut. Severe floods like the devastating Midwestern floods of 1993 and 1997 are becoming more common. Infectious diseases are moving into new areas. Corresponding with global warming, sea levels have risen, and climatic zones are shifting. All these changes exemplify the environmental impact of global climate change. Global warming and climate change pose a serious threat to the survival of many species and to the well-being of people around the world.
The IPCC estimates that air temperatures will increase by another 1-3,5 deg. C, and sea levels may rise by up to 1 meter over the next 100 years. Changes of this magnitude will affect many aspects of our lives. Here are some of them :
|Seas level will rise.
Rising sea level will erode beaches and coastal wetlands destroying
essential habitat and leaving coastal areas more prone to flooding. Just a 50
centimetres sea level rise would double the global population at risk from
storm surges.
Food crop yields will be affected. A warmer climate will increase irrigation demands and the range of certain pests, but it will also extend the growing season for some areas. While some countries will find their food production increases with a warmer climate, the poorest countries that are already subject to hunger are likely to suffer significant decreases in food production.
More people will die from heat stress. Severe heat waves like the one that killed hundreds of people in Chicago in 1995 will become more frequent. Children and the elderly are most vulnerable to heat stress.
Tropical diseases will spread. Infectious diseases such as Malaria, Dengue fever, encephalitis, and cholera that are spread by mosquitoes and other disease-carrying organisms which thrive in warmer climates will be able to advance into new areas. This will lead to more incidents like malaria outbreaks in New Jersey and Dengue fever in Texas.
|The water cycle will be
disrupted. As the water cycle intensifies, some areas will experience more
severe droughts, while others will have increased flooding. This variability
will stress areas that are already prone to water quality and quantity
Endangered species will suffer. Some of the most vulnerable plants, animals, and ecosystems will suffer major changes. Ten species at high risk from global warming are: Giant Panda, Polar Bear, Indian Tiger, Reindeer, Beluga Whale, Rockhopper Penguin, Snow Finch, Harlequin Frog, Monarch Butterfly, and Grizzly Bear.
Coral reefs will be harmed. Overheating of ocean waters, as a result of global warming, can lead to coral bleaching, which is a breakdown of the complex biological systems that corals have evolved in order to survive.
Climate Change - Vital Graphics + IPCC Report
Another side effect of fossil fuels combustion and resulting emissions of pollutants is acid rain (or acid deposition). In the process of burning fossil fuels some of gases, in particular sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are created. Although natural sources of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides do exist, more than 90% of the sulphur and 95% of the nitrogen emissions occurring in North America and Europe are of human origin. Once released into the atmosphere, they can be converted chemically into such secondary pollutants as nitric acid and sulphuric acid, both of which dissolve easily in water. The result is that any rain which follows is slightly acidic. The acidic water droplets can be carried long distances by prevailing winds, returning to Earth as acid rain, snow, or fog.
Natural factors such as volcanoes, swamps and decaying plant life all produce sulphur dioxide, one of the contributing gases to acid rain. These natural occurrences form some kind of acid rain. There are also some cases where acid rain may be produced naturally, which is also bad for the environment but occurs in much lower amounts and quantities than that of those found in urban areas. Between the 1950s and the 1970s the rain over Europe increased in acidity by approximately ten times. In the 1980s however, acidity levels decreased, but although many countries have started to do something about pollution that causes acid rain, the problem is not going away.
Acid rain is often phrased as acid precipitation. On the pH scale, rain usually measures 5.6. Anything below this measurement is said to be acidified rainfall. The chemical equation for acid rain is as follows:
SO2 (Sulphur dioxide) + NO (Nitrogen Oxide) + H2O (Water) = Acid rain
Water solutions vary in their degree of acidity. If pure water is defined as neutral, baking soda solutions are basic (alkaline) and household ammonia is very basic (very alkaline). On the other side of this scale there are ascending degrees of acidity; milk is slightly acidic, tomato juice is slightly more acidic, vinegar, lemon juice is still more acidic, and battery acid is extremely acidic. If there were no pollution at all, normal rainwater would fall on the acid side of this scale, not the alkaline side. Normal rainwater is less acidic than tomato juice, but more acidic than milk. What pollution does is cause the acidity of rain to increase. In some areas of the world, rain can be as acidic as vinegar or lemon juice.
This acid rain can cause damage to plant life, in some cases seriously affecting the growth of forests, and can erode buildings and corrode metal objects. The primary component involved in corrosion is acid rain. It is estimated that the damage to metal buildings alone amounts to about 2 billion dollars yearly. The highest emissions of sulphur come from those sectors, which use the most energy and the highest sulphur-content fuels, that is solid fuels and high sulphur heavy fuel oil. Solid fuels are the most polluting fossil fuels locally and globally. These fuels range from hard coals to soft brown coals and lignites, which have high proportion of combustion waste and pollutants such as sulphur, heavy metals, moisture and ash content.
One of the major problems with acid rain is that it gets carried from a mass acid rain producing area to areas that are usually not as badly affected. Tall chimneys that are built to ensure that the pollution that is produced by factories is taken away from nearby cities, puts the pollution into the atmosphere. When these particles get picked up by the moisture in the air, they form acids. As a result they become a part of the clouds. Then these clouds get carried off by wind, which means that when the rain falls it may be a long distance away from where the acidic particles were picked up from. An example of this would be Central and Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. Sweden suffer from acid rain because of huge sulphur emissions from Eastern European power plants with low emission standards and because of wind blowing the particles over to their country.
|When acid rain falls, it can effect forests as well as lakes and rivers. In many countries around the world, trees are suffering greatly because of the results of acid rain. A lot of trees are losing their leaves and thinning at the top. Some trees are affected so severely that they are dying. To grow, trees need healthy soil to develop in. Acid rain is absorbed into the soil making it virtually impossible for these trees to survive. As a result of this, trees are more susceptible to viruses, fungi and insect pests and they are not able to fight them and they then die.
Acid rain can have a severe effect on buildings. Materials such as stone, stained glass, paintings and other objects can be damaged or even destroyed. It slowly, but gradually, eats away at the material until there is virtually nothing left. Building materials crumble away, metals are corroded, the colour in paint is spoiled, leather is weakened and crusts form on the surface of glass. In certain parts of the world many famous and ancient buildings are been damaged by acid rain. St. Pauls Cathedral in London is having its stone work eaten away by acid rain. In Rome the Michelangelo statue of Marcus Aurelius has been removed to protect it from air pollution.
Acid rain damages soil when it falls onto the ground. It also has a noticeable effect when it falls directly into or is washed into lakes. Most of the animal and plant life in clean lakes and rivers are unable to tolerate acid rain. They can be poisoned by substances that the acid washes out from the surrounding soil into the water. All over the world there are examples of plant life and animal life suffering a lot or even not surviving the effects of acid rain. For example, thousands of lakes in Scandinavia are without any kind of life, whether it be animal or plant. Over the past years they have received a lot of acid rain as a result of the wind blowing the particles into their country form places such as England, Scotland and Eastern Europe. Since the 1930s and 40s some Swedish lakes have increased acidic levels in their rain water by up to 1,000 times.
The interactions between living organisms and the chemistry of their aquatic habitats are extremely complex. If the number of one species or group of species changes in response to acidification, then the ecosystem of the entire water body is likely to be affected through the predator-prey relationships of the food web. At first, the effects of acid deposition may be almost imperceptible, but as acidity increases, more and more species of plants and animals decline or disappear. As the water pH approaches 6.0, crustaceans, insects, and some plankton species begin to disappear. As pH approaches 5.0, major changes in the makeup of the plankton community occur, less desirable species of mosses and plankton may begin to invade, and the progressive loss of some fish populations is likely, with the more highly valued species being generally the least tolerant of acidity. Below pH of 5.0, the water is largely devoid of fish, the bottom is covered with undecayed material, and the near shore areas may be dominated by mosses. Terrestrial animals dependent on aquatic ecosystems are also affected. Waterfowl, for example, depend on aquatic organisms for nourishment and nutrients. As these food sources are reduced or eliminated, the quality of habitat declines and the reproductive success of the birds is affected. Both natural vegetation and crops can be affected.
|We eat food, drink water, and breathe air that has come in contact with acid deposition. Canadian and U.S. studies indicate that there is a link between this pollution and respirator problems in sensitive populations such as children and asthmatics. Acid rain also makes some toxic elements, such as aluminium, copper, and mercury more soluble. Acid deposition can increase the levels of these toxic metals in untreated drinking water supplies. High aluminium concentrations in soil can also prevent the uptake and use of nutrients by plants.
|Beside greenhouse gases, SO2 and NOx emissions that cause acid rain, emissions of particulate matter contribute to bad air quality. Fuel combustion is the most important source of anthropogenic nitrogen oxides, while fuel combustion and evaporative emissions from motor vehicles are the main sources of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Motor vehicles account for a considerable fraction of the total emissions of nitrogen oxides and VOCs in Europe and North America. NOx emissions also contribute to the formation of tropospheric photochemical oxidants. Photochemical oxidants, especially ozone (O3), are among the most important trace gases in the atmosphere. Their distributions show signs of change due to increasing emissions of ozone precursors (nitrogen oxides, or VOCs, methane and carbon monoxide).
Smog over city.
Heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and
zinc (Zn) are also released during fuel combustion. Lead pollution as the result
of road traffic emissions have decreased markedly since early 80s due to
increased consumption of unleaded gasoline and use of catalysts in cars.
Nevertheless this sector remains the main source of lead in atmosphere.
Beside emissions of pollutants there are also some other impacts of fossil fuel combustion on local environment. Here microclimatic impacts like origination of fogs, less sunshine etc. are the results of large amounts of water vapour effluents from cooling towers of power plants.
|Damage caused by the transport of oil is related to the pollution of the seas. Here as the scale of oil production has increased during the twentieth century, the quantity of oil transported around the world, most of it by the sea, has also increased. To cope with this increase, in a highly competitive market, the size of oil tankers has increased to the point where they are by far the largest commercial ships. Even in routine operation, this results in large quantities of oil being released into the seas. The tankers fill up with water as ballast for return journeys. When this is emptied, significant quantities of oil are released as well.
|Despite the fact that the transport of oil is generally a safe
industry, the scale of it, and the size of tankers, means that when accidents
do occur they have a large effect. Although the number of accidents is small
in proportion to the number of tanker journeys, thousands of minor incidents
involving oil spills from tankers, and oil storage facilities occur annually.
Between 1970 and 1985 there were 186 major oil spills each involving more than 1300 tonnes of oil. In 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground off Alaska, releasing 39.000 tonnes of oil to form a slick covering 3.000 square kilometres and causing widespread environmental damage. People usually tend to think of the seas as a vast reservoir which can soak up limitless quantities of whatever we put into it. In fact, the scale of pollution from oil is such that clumps of floating oil are now common almost anywhere in the worlds oceans.
Oil trade movements
Source : BP statistics 2004
Beside environmental problems associated with large-scale use of fossil and nuclear fuels and the problems with sustainability there are also social problems arising from present trends of energy utilization.
Political and economic problems
In the earlier stages of the industrial revolution, fuel sources were local and widely distributed. Industrial activity tended to grow in areas where local sources of coal were available. As the transport associated with industrialisation spread and developed, fuels began to be transported from more and more distant places. Now, with the most accessible sources of oil and gas depleted, fuels are transported around the world from small number of major producing areas. The result is that the major industrial nations have become dependent upon supplies from those producing nations, in particular oil from the Middle East, and are highly vulnerable to disruption of these supplies. This vulnerability and dependence has been a major factor shaping world politics. A series of major economic and political crises has resulted from Sues crisis in 1956 to the 1970s, oil crisis to the Gulf war in early 1990s and even the war in Iraq can be linked to the huge resources of oil in this country.Since the producing nations are generally weak militarily and the consuming nations are generally stronger, latter are under pressure to dominate the former economically, politically and if necessary, militarily to maintain access to oil (most important fuel today).
Oil price depends on political situation and each conflict in oil
sensitive region leads to higher energy prices. World economy is thus shaped
with such conflicts.
Source : BP statistics 2004
A related aspect of vulnerability in the present form of industrialisation is the centralized nature of fuel production and distribution. Electricity is generated in relatively few, very large power stations, and distributed through the country. Oil is imported in giant tankers, and converted to fuel in large refineries for further distribution. Concerns have been expressed that these large, vital installations offer potential target for terrorists or military opponents. As has been seen in recent years in the Middle East (Gulf War), the result can be massive ecological damage as well as economic devastation. The normal response to such vulnerability is to put greater resources into security and to increased level of protection. High level of centralisation leads also to problems with employment. Decentralized energy production and utilization which is the case of renewable energy sources can create much more new jobs than centralized fossil fuel installations.
Nuclear weapon proliferation is one of the biggest threat to the world peace today with several countries already in or trying to be a member of nuclear club. In developed countries nuclear electricity industries grew out of nuclear weapons development. The earliest nuclear reactors were built to produce material for nuclear bombs. There has always been a close connection between the two terms of the technology used, so that military spending on research and development for nuclear weapons technology has in effect been a major subsidy for civilian nuclear electricity industries. Nuclear fuel is not directly useful for nuclear weapons. Much further processing is needed. However, for a country wishing to develop nuclear weapons without publicly revealing the fact, an obvious approach would seem to be combine weapons development with a nuclear electricity generation industry.
Fortunately, solutions exist to cut greenhouse gas emissions, reduce acid deposition, improve air quality and to solve social problems related to recent energy use. Shifting investment from fossil fuels like coal and oil to renewable energy and energy efficiency would allow cleaner, more sustainable sources of energy to take their rightful place as market leaders.
Renewable energy systems use resources that are constantly replaced and are usually less polluting. All renewable energy sources solar energy, hydro power, biomass and wind energy have their origin in activity of the Sun. Geothermal energy which, because of its inexhaustible potential, is sometimes considered as renewable source is getting energy from the heat of the earth.
Renewable energy is a domestic resource which has the potential to contribute to or provide complete security of energy supply. Countries that depend on imports of fossil fuel resources are in danger due to the risk of sharp rise of the cost of imported energy (mainly oil). This is particularly so for developing countries, where the oil import bill adds every year to the problem of financing an already large external deficit.
The shape of our future will be largely determined by how we generate and apply technological innovation the most powerful force for progress in the modern world. The renewable energy sources are able to have a strong transformative effect on the whole of society in the coming decades. By virtually all accounts, renewable energy resources will be an increasingly important part of the power generation mix over the next several decades. Not only do these technologies help reduce global carbon emissions, but they also add some much-needed flexibility to the energy resource mix by decreasing our dependence on limited reserves of fossil fuels. Experts agree that hydropower and biomass will continue to dominate the renewables arena for some time. However, the rising stars of the renewables world - wind power and photovoltaics - are on track to become strong players in the energy market of the next century. Wind power is the fastest-growing electricity technology currently available. Wind-generated electricity is already competitive with fossil-fuel based electricity in some locations, and installed wind power capacity now exceeds 10,000 MW world-wide. Meanwhile, PV electricity - although currently three to four times the cost of conventional, delivered electricity - is seeing impressive growth world-wide. PV is particularly attractive for applications not served by the power grid. Advanced thin-film technology (a much less expensive option than crystalline silicon technology) is rapidly entering commercial-scale production.
|The BP gasoline station with photovoltaic panels on the roof.
|Different scenarios show the contribution of renewables by 2010 to range from 9.9% to 12.5%, but a goal of 12% renewables share (an ambitious but realistic objective) was set, to be achieved through the installation of one million PV roofs, 15,000 MW of wind and 1,000 MW of biomass energy. The current 6% share includes large-scale hydro, which will not expand for environmental reasons. Growth is expected from biomass, followed by 40 GW of wind and 100 million square metres of solar thermal collectors. Photovoltaics will grow up 3 GWp, geothermal by 1 GWe and heat pumps by 2.5 GWth. Total capital investment to achieve the 12% target will be 165 billion ECU (1997-2010), but it would create up to 900,000 new jobs and drop CO2 emissions by 402 million tonnes/a.
|Contributing less than 6% to the EUs energy consumption, it called
for a joint effort to increase this level for export potential and to address
climate change. More than half of Europes energy is imported, and
will rise to 70% by 2020 without action.
The European Wind Energy Association estimates up to 320,000 jobs would be created if 40 GW of wind power is installed, the PV Industry Association says it would create 100,000 jobs if 3 GWp is met, the Solar Industry Federation estimates 250,000 jobs under its market objective, and another 350,000 jobs could be created to meet the export market. The white paper proposes a number of tax incentives and other fiscal measures to encourage investments in renewable energies, and measures to encourage passive solar. The overall objective of doubling the current share of renewables to 12% by 2010 can be realistically achieved, it concludes, and the contribution of renewables to electricity generation could grow from 14% to more than 23% by 2010 if appropriate measures are instituted.
While it is extremely difficult to quantify the external costs of such pollution, and some simply cannot be quantified, several studies show them to be substantial. For example, a German study concluded that the external costs (excluding global warming) of electricity generated from fossil-fuel plants are in the range of 2.4-5.5 US c/kWh, while those from nuclear power plants are 6.1-3.1 c/kWh. According to the another study sulphur dioxide from US coal burning plants is costing U.S. citizens USD 82 billion per year in additional health costs. Reduced crop yields caused by air pollution is costing US farmers USD 7.5 billion per year. What is important on these US figures is the fact that US citizens are actually paying between 109 billion and 260 billion dollars yearly in hidden energy costs. In other countries similar patterns can also be found. Had external economic effects been included in the market allocation process, renewable technologies would be in a far better position to compete with fossil fuels, and there might already have been a substantial shift to the penetration of renewable in the market.
Many governments are heavily subsidising the energy industries. It is interesting to note that the energy technologies with the worst health and environmental impacts usually receive the most government money. The worst polluters, nuclear and combustion technologies, in the U.S. alone receive 90% of the government money. The renewable energy technologies, which offer little or no side effects, receive the least government support. Solar technologies (both PV and thermal together) receive in the USA only 3% of the government money. At the bottom of the list is conservation with 2% of the subsidy dollars. And there is not much difference in other countries of the world. This is amazing since renewables and energy savings offer relief from our energy problems and has no environmental side effects. Something is really wrong here.
Worlds dependence on imported oil requires that military will keep the international supply lines open. The U.S. military is spending between 14.6 and 54 billion dollars yearly just defending the oil supplies coming from the Persian Gulf. On the low side, the National Defence Council places the Persian Gulf military cost at 14.6 billion. On the high side, the estimate of 54 billion is made by the Rocky Mountain Institute. There are also other hidden national security costs. One of these is military aid to oil producing nations. Another is diplomatic and foreign policy decisions made on the basis of imported oil.
The major problem associated with nuclear power is, What do we do with the radioactive waste? To date, no one has a viable disposal solution for the thousands of tonnes of high level radioactive waste nuclear power plants generate. This problem is made more severe because it is a long term problem. For example, plutonium (Pu239) has a radioactive half-life of 24,400 years and is environmentally dangerous for over several hundred thousands years. We are making nuclear decisions now that will affect our planet, and all life forms on it, for millennia in the future. The World Watch Institute estimates the disposal costs of nuclear waste at between 1.44 and 8.61 billion dollars per year. Radioactive waste disposal is not actually disposal, but containment. We will have to deal with high level waste for thousands of years. We now have no method of actually disposing of high level waste. We simply store it and hope our children can figure out a safe way to deal with it. This estimate doesnt include the cost of nuclear accidents. What does a Chernobyl or Three Mile Island cost to clean up?


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Spain feeling cool, calm, confident thanks to Lopetegui
NOTE: This has been translated from an original piece on ESPN Deportes.
Spain has taken the huge burden of past World Cup failures and become a favorite to win the trophy at Russia 2018. After the fiasco experienced at the last European Championships and the embarrassment in Brazil 2014, the Spain national team will head into its first World Cup under the helm of Julen Lopetegui as manager, boasting new ambitions and a solid roster.
Spain has yet to play two important friendlies against Germany and Argentina. However, Lopetegui's Spain has a 16-match unbeaten streak, with 13 wins and three draws. La Roja was outstanding in World Cup qualifying, with a draw in Turin against Italy and important wins at the Bernabeu (3-0) against the Azzurri and 2-0 at Saint-Denis over France. That's why Spain is exuding optimism around a side and a manager who offers a calming presence.
First of all, Lopetegui keeps his cool because Spain's World Cup group is "complicated, tough and hard," in the manager's own words. He wanted to shy away any far-fetched confidence following the draw in December. "Morocco advanced undefeated after the qualifiers, Iran didn't allow many goals scored against them and Portugal is the current European champion," said Lopetegui. In his opinion, Spain's opening match against a Portugal side led by Cristiano Ronaldo will be a true baptism of fire.
"It could be a final match in advance," said.
The main players
Despite Lopetegui's restraint, the vibe surrounding the Spain team could not be better. The renovation process led by the manager has been satisfying for a team that's stayed true to its football identity, set first by Luis Aragones back in his days as manager and perfected by Vicente Del Bosque to a new level of excellence before everything fell apart due to a reasonable fatigue within the aging status quo.
It was the dawn of an era; however, it did not mean the end of an approach, quite simply because this new Spain has undeniably kept the football philosophy that worked quite well for previous eras and that they hope will help them to move forward in Russia.
The extreme makeover underwent by Spain is evident, especially if you compare the current team to the one that played on June 27, 2016, the day Spain was eliminated from the Euros. Lopetegui is working with a solid core of players and a clear tactical system, led by David De Gea, Gerard Pique, Sergio Ramos, Jordi Alba, Koke, Sergio Busquets, Andres Iniesta and David Silva, undeniable presences in every lineup and all assured their spots in the squad that heads to Russia.
Next to them, you will certainly see names like Dani Carvajal, Pepe Reina, Alvaro Morata, Thiago, Kepa Arrizabalaga, Saul, Isco, Marc Bartra, Sergi Roberto or Nacho Fernandez. However, decisions are yet to be made regarding Diego Costa, in particular, and several other youngsters or several snubs -- names that used to be surefire mentions on former rosters. The likes of Marco Asensio, Iago Aspas, Suso, Jose Callejon, Rodrigo, Luis Alberto, Asier Illarramendi, Vitolo, Alvaro Odriozola or even Gerard Deulofeu could emerge as the definitive names who will be called upon to attend a very special tournament for Spanish football.
La Roja, 10 years after winning the European Championships that marked the start of the best era in its history and placed it atop the world football stage, is trying to reinvent itself and find success again. It will face Germany and Brazil, Argentina and maybe Russia or Belgium. Who knows: perhaps England, France or Uruguay will be standing in their path.
The first test, however, will be Portugal on June 15 in Sochi. That's the departure point for another hopeful conquest.
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Rogue Federal Credit Union of Medford, Oregon has been a member-owned institution for more than 58 years, currently from 15 locations. It is designated as a community credit union. By number of members, it is the 6th largest in Oregon and it has the 4th fastest growing membership in Oregon. It also is the sixth largest in the state by assets.
Checking services include no cost share drafts, share certificates with low minimum balance requirements, bill pay services, overdraft protection and overdraft lines of credit. Debit cards, ATMs with no surcharges and prepaid debit cards are available.
For members needing to establish credit, the credit union offers share-secured credit cards. Financial counseling, financial education and financial literacy workshops are offered.
Besides boat, RV, and car loans and other kinds of lending, Rogue FCU can do real estate loans, has a first time homebuyer program and can grant interest only or payment option first mortgage loans. Employees can help you with international remittances, low-cost wire transfers and money orders. Rogue FCU members may also benefit from bilingual services, in-school branches, student scholarships, income tax preparation assistance and tax refund anticipation loans.
Services to businesses and professionals include business share accounts, business loans, mortgage processing and the credit union is an approved mortgage seller. People having other financial, savings, and investment needs will be pleased to find individual development accounts, certificates of deposits and insurance/investment products that are offered.
Available electronic access includes Internet banking, automated telephone access and wireless phone apps. Remotely, you can file membership applications, take out a loan, look at your balance, order share drafts, setup a new share account, pay your loan, view transactions, transfer money, pay bills, download your account history, get e-Statements and make mobile deposits.
Special offer to credit union members. See your instant credit report.
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Free credit report for Canada residents.
Monitor your credit and protect against identity theft! Who checked your credit report recently, and what did they see?
Also see our daily credit union news page.
Online newspapers and TV stations serving Medford and Oregon: KGW-NBC, USA Today, or view a national listing of newspapers.
Thinking of buying a car? See Oregon car dealers listed alphabetically by city.


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The Dish on Bushes' Choice of Designer for Informal White House China
Thursday, January 15, 2009
The hand-painted china of Arlington's Anna Weatherley made history last week when it was chosen as the first "informal" White House china.
First lady Laura Bush showed off the custom Magnolia Residence China Service to reporters on the table of the Family Dining Room. The dishes, made by Pickard China in Illinois and hand-painted by Weatherley's artisans in Budapest, are meant to be used in the private quarters of the White House. Weatherley says Bush had seen her work on several friends' dinner tables. Pointing out intricate details on the magnolia blossoms and leaves and the fanciful dragonflies and butterflies, the first lady commented, "Anna Weatherley is a true American success story."
The Hungarian-born designer, whose graceful patterns are sold in 400 stores including Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman, had some interesting assignments even before the White House commission. She once created a pair of porcelain cachepots decorated with 18th-century-style pears, cherries and gooseberries for Vogue editor Anna Wintour to give to Princess Diana. ("That is a great memory," Weatherley says.) Last year she made a luncheon set painted with flowers and butterflies to donate to Blair House, the president's guesthouse.
"This was very meaningful to me. I am so happy to be in America and be part of Washington. It's a bit of a miracle, and I was honored that they accepted it," she says.
Weatherley has been a designer in the Washington area for 40 years. She left Hungary when her father, a silk importer, moved his family to Australia in the 1950s. She studied art and design and became enamored with the cultures of India, Afghanistan and the Far East. Weatherley started a business importing furniture and textiles from Kabul to Sydney and eventually met her future husband, George Weatherley, a doctor, on a trip to Afghanistan. They moved to the Washington area in the late 1960s.
Weatherley has spent her life using her artistic talents to reinvent herself. "Now I can look back and say I have had like four lives rolled into one," she says.
The dish on Weatherley hasn't always been about china. Until recently, she designed table linens that were hand-embroidered in France, but they became very expensive because of the falling value of the dollar against the euro. She has always enjoyed designing dramatic statement necklaces with semi-precious stones such as amethysts and crystals.
She was a well-known local fashion designer in the 1970s and 1980s. Her hand-painted chiffon dresses, worn by Lady Bird Johnson, Elizabeth Taylor and Jane Fonda, were sold at her atelier in Foggy Bottom and in New York at Henri Bendel and Bloomingdale's. But after the 1980s stock market meltdown, her $400 frocks didn't seem viable. "My little dresses were special one-of-a-kind pieces and so decadent and luxurious," she says. "I realized I would not be able to keep this up."
With the advent of glasnost, Weatherley was able to go back to her native country and start doing business there in porcelain. "I always liked hand-painting because my fabrics were painted and embroidered," she says. She also loves botanical art. She tracked down some painters and started a fine-china business in 1990: "I told them to forget everything they ever did and study the style of 17th-century Dutch paintings." She has about 40 painters now working for her in Budapest. "Some of my painters only do butterflies, and some do only fish or birds -- it's a very specialized art," she says. "That's why it takes so long."
Weatherley says that old European porcelain companies began painting little insects to cover tiny imperfections in their china, a practice she found charming. "But my bugs have to be nice and happy-looking. People don't mind eating on bugs if they are cute and pretty," she says.
Soon, another presidential family, the Obamas, will be drinking tea and eating salad on her dinnerware. "It's humbling," Weatherley says. "I just hope they really use it, because I put a lot of love into it."


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We Solve Noise and Vibration Challenges
For over 35 years, Vibra-Sonic Control has provided Western Canada with the expertise and appropriate materials and products to effectively address a wide variety of noise and vibration issues. Our large inventory offers an extensive range of products for noise and vibration reduction, seismic restraint and sound masking. We proudly represent manufacturers who are industry leaders, most notably Mason Industries.
The Best Products for Solutions That Work
Within this website you will find comprehensive coverage of most of the products that we offer. However, we strongly encourage you to contact us directly to discuss your noise, vibration, seismic, and Sound Masking applications.
Our Clients
Please note: we work directly with Architects, Engineers, Contractors, Property Managers. O.E.Ms and Interior Designers who are directly involved in the Commercial, Industrial, Institutional, Health and Marine markets. With the exception of Boat-Owners and those referred to us by Acoustical Engineers or other Professionals, our products are not sold, and services not extended, to the General Public. If you have personal Noise or Vibration Control issues, we would respectfully request that you contact your Property Manager and/or an Acoustical Consultant.


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Rooney Mara's elevated status
- Bang Showbiz
- 17 December 2015
Rooney Mara believes she gets offered "better parts" in films because she's been nominated for top industry awards including a Golden Globe
Rooney Mara thinks she gets offered "better parts" because she's been nominated for a Golden Globe.
The 30-year-old star is hoping to secure the award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture (Drama) for her role opposite Cate Blanchett in 'Carol' and has joked that her award nominations help her secure meatier roles.
She said: "Getting nominated means something. You will get better parts, and I really do want people to see the film.
"But I don't feel like it's something I'm desperate for. I would forgo it all to keep my integrity."
The 'Girl with the Dragon Tattoo' actress also opened up about "censoring" herself, admitting she can't really be one hundred per cent honest in interviews because she has to be "grateful, gracious and poised".
She told ELLE magazine: "People don't really want me to be honest. People want me, people want girls, to be grateful, gracious, poised. Not real. I watch interviews from the 1970s, of Patti Smith or John Cassavetes, and everyone's smoking, drinking, totally misbehaving, but they're being completely authentic, and I'm so jealous because that would never happen today.
"There's always a pre-interview, so you know what jokes you have to hit, and there's nothing genuine about it. And I hate that. I hate being a phoney. I hate having to censor myself."


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|BJ Lloyd
Barry Lloyd joined the Glamorgan staff in the early 1970`s and the youngster from Neath was regarded by some to be the successor to Don Shepherd`s mantle as Glamorgan`s off-spinner.
 Lloyd spent two summers on the Lord`s groundstaff, before attending Bangor Normal College, and although he had first played for Glamorgan in 1972, it wasn`t until 1978 that Lloyd played on a regular basis.
 Whilst not being a big spinner of the ball, Lloyd`s greatest asset was nagging accuracy and he subsequently became a highly effective bowler in one-day cricket. In 1982 Lloyd won his county cap and shared captaincy duties with Javed Miandad. However, he lost his place in the side during the following season when Mike Selvey joined the club as captain.
 He was released by Glamorgan at the end of the 1984 season, but Lloyd continued to play with success in the South Wales Leagues, as well as for the Wales Minor County side.
 (December 2003)
(Article: Copyright © 2003 Dr.A.K.Hignell)


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Technical resources for compliance with OSHA recordkeeping requirements. Summary of the OSHA proposal for changes in the recordkeeping requirements.
OSHA record keeping, OSHA recordkeeping, recordkeeping, OSHA 200 log, OSHA 200, OSHA 200 form, recordkeeping for occupational injuries, workplace injury records, workplace safety
Major Differences between Cal/OSHA & Fed/OSHA Regulations
Download the injury and illness forms
Employer HIOSH Recordkeeping materials
How to complete MIOSHA forms 300, 300A and 301
Forms and guidance from the state of Minnesota
Instructions for calculating individual firm incidence rates in Oregon
Everything you need for OSHA recordkeeping in the State of Oregon
Download federal OSHA forms
Tells employers what incidents they must report within 8 hours and 24 hours and how to report
A list of employers that are not required to keep OSHA injury and illness records
Text of the regulations related to OSHA recordkeeping requirements
Fact sheet from LabSafety outlines OSHA's accident reporting requirements
Exempt and partially-exempt industries
Expands the list of severe work-related injuries that all covered employers must report to OSHA
OSHA Rules On Record Keeping For Workplace Injuries
A fact sheet
Discussion of OSHA criteria for recording a hearing loss on the OSHA 300 log
Related Categories & Information
- rmLibrary : Related Categories (4)
OSHA / Inspections
Site specific targeting plans for inspections, home-based inspections & more
OSHA / Violations
OSHA inspection procedures, decisions, citations profile, etc.
Safety Mgt / Accidents
Accident investigation programs, job safey analyses, etc.
Safety Mgt / Injury Codes
Sample injury code tables and related information


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Visit Slifer Smith & Frampton Vail Village Realtors at our newest location in the heart of historic Vail Village.
Office: 970-845-2300
Mobile: Ed: 970-376-0746 | Brent: 970-390-9872
Bachelor Gulch Village 130 Daybreak Ridge Road Bachelor Gulch , CO 81620
Stay up-to-date with the latest news about the Vail Valley Real Estate market.
© Copyright 2018 Slifer Smith & Frampton Real Estate
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700 people displaced as massive West Jakarta fire destroys 90 houses
A massive fire engulfed the Pinangsia sub-district of Tamansari, West Jakarta, last night, displacing 700 locals whose homes were destroyed.
Immigration arrests 76 Chinese women on suspicion of illegal sex work during NYE nightclub raid
Somebody didn't have a very Happy New Year's Eve...
West Jakarta man allegedly burns wife's face and back with iron for not ironing his shirt
A disturbing case of domestic violence allegedly occurred in the district of Tamansari in West Jakarta recently, in which a man was reported to have burned his wife with an iron...
"Sleepy" BMW driver named suspect in car crash that injured a parking attendant
The BMW crashed into a Honda CR-V that was reverse parking with the help of a parking attendant.
Watch: Police dramatically rescue Chinese national before he can jump from hotel roof
The police say it's possible that the man went to Jakarta under the instructions of a crime syndicate.
Police arrest UberMOTO driver accused of sexually assaulting 14-year-old in West Jakarta
The West Jakarta Police yesterday arrested a motorcycle taxi driver who was accused of raping a 14-year-old girl, identified by her initials DA.
Police cracking down on meth pipes and bongs being sold openly on the streets in Glodok
Where else but Glodok?
Netizens criticize cops who mixed up no parking and no stop signs in viral video from cop TV show
It goes without saying that traffic police officers must have a concrete understanding of traffic laws before handing out tickets to offenders. But what if they don't?
Police officer allegedly among four rapists of 22-year-old woman in Karawaci
The Tamansari Police arrested four people suspected of raping a 22-year-old woman identified as S at a hotel in Karawaci, Tangerang. One of the suspects is reportedly a police...
Greater Tangerang
The Greater Tangerang area comprises of two massive, distinct cities: Tangerang...
Greater South Jakarta
South Jakarta is generally considered to contain Jakarta's more affluent...
Greater East Jakarta
East Jakarta is a city within the Special Capital Region of Jakarta and the...
Greater Central Jakarta
Although Central Jakarta is the smallest of Jakarta's five cities, it is...
Greater West Jakarta
West Jakarta is generally considered to be less developed than other areas of...
It's hard to tell where South Jakarta ends and Depok begins, as the satellite...


text: In Spain, the indigenous Verdejo variety is a byword for a delicious light and fruity white. Analivia Verdejo is made in our Pagos del Rey winery, in the province of Valladolid. The careful handling of the top grape variety in this region, Verdejo, combined with our modern wine making techniques, has resulted in a deliciously fresh and fruity white wine of authentic character and personality. Grape Verdejo Style Still wine Region Rueda is a wine producing region in the heart of the Iberian Peninsula, on the high plateau of Castile and León, right between two of Spain's most famous red-wine producers: Ribera del Duero and Toro, and just on the North-West of Madrid. The river Duero flows through this region from East to West. Rueda was the first Denominación de Origen to be certified in the Region of Castile and León (1980). This high plateau is characterised by a typical continental climate featuring long cold winters, a brief spring season, and dry harsh hot summers Tasting Notes Pale yellow in appearance with subtle touches of gold. It presents an elegant scent of citrus and tropical fruit - juicy tangerines, pineapple and grapefruit - combined with white flowers and subtle herbal notes. Its palate is a faithful reflection of its nose, underpinned by a well-balanced acidity and a fresh lingering finish. Food Pairing Perfect with Thai or Japanese dishes, steamed or roasted fish, grilled asparagus or vegetables accompanied by Serrano ham or cheese. Alcohol Content 13% Best Served Best between 8-10 °C Technical Information The Verdejo grapes are harvested at dawn in early October. Cool night temperatures allow the grapes to retain their wonderful aromatic nature. Run juice is left for some hours to macerate with skin in order to obtain its maximum expression. The wine making process is carefully controlled at every stage. The fermentation takes place in stainless steel tanks between 14 and 16°C. About this wine "Tropical fruit salad with green herbs. Fresh and easy with generous fruit – Anaivia Verdejo 2016". International Wine Challenge. Latest Awards SILVER 2017 Concurso Internacional de Vinos y Espirituosos CINVE: Analivia Verdejo 2016 2017 BACCHUS: Analivia Verdejo 2016 2017 Sommelier Wine Awards: Analivia Verdejo 2016 BRONZE 2017 International Wine & Spirit Competition: Analivia Verdejo 2016 Download .pdf


text: CASSOPOLIS - Ephran Newman Jr., 87, died Saturday in Cass County Medical Care Facility after an illness. Survivors include his wife, Pearl L. of Elkhart; eight daughters, Ruby Carr of Park Forest, Ill., Dorothy Therman of Bristol, Hazel Cook of Milwaukee, Ernestine Toliver and Louise Jones, both of Chicago, and Bobbie J. Young, Beatrice Kelly and Pearleana Newman, all of Elkhart; and two sons, Wesley and Don, both of Chicago. Services will be at 1:30 p.m. Wednesday in Connelly Funeral Home, where friends may call one hour before services.


text: Quick oddball Linksys question... to make a long story short, I work for an ISP and we have a DSL customer causing storms on a bridged network... I worked with her yesterday over the phone, (she has a linksys router) and the local mac address is FE:FF:FF:00:00:00 ... anyone ever see this? Is the router defective? On the WAN side, I had it clone her mac address of her PC ... on the LAN side, there's no capability of changing the mac address... my WRT54G at home's mac address (on the LAN side) begins with 00:FF:66 and according to this mac addy to manufacturer cross reference the mac is valid, ("00:0F:66 is assigned to Cisco-Linksys")... I should also mention hers is a non-wireless, regular cable/dsl router. But still the mac address looks weird. Any thoughts?


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'Boehm Boys' Share Message of Mutual Respect
A Nashville-based father and son joined Belmont Monday for an important dialogue on how they have learned to love each other despite their differences in beliefs. Dr. Frank H. Boehm is a physician at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, an op-ed columnist and a long time leader in Nashville's Jewish community. His son, Thomas L. Boehm, is the founder and executive director of Faith for ALL, a disability advocacy nonprofit helping faith communities open their doors and hearts to include people with disabilities. Thomas became a follower of Yeshua/Jesus as Israel's Messiah in 1994 and has a Masters degree in Counseling Psychology and a Masters in Divinity.
The Boehm Boys, as the two refer to themselves, recently began speaking to churches around a three-pronged mission: to deepen dialogue about Israel, to develop partnerships for Faith for All and to demonstrate a path for peace, the primary purpose of their Belmont visit. Thomas said, "We must be able to honor one another in the differences of our convictions. That has really governed our relationship." Click here to see additional photos from the event.


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Vocalist - Tenor
Lita Grier: Songs from Spoon River, Reflections of a Peacemaker, and Other Vocal Music
Released: August 25, 2009
Catalog Num: CDR 90000 112
Cedille Records presents a career-spanning collection of sublime songs by celebrated Chicago composer Lita Grier. This album's centerpiece, Songs from Spoon River, commissioned by the Ravinia Festival, comprises powerful portraits based on texts from Edgar Lee Masters' Spoon River Anthology, in which fictional residents of a rural Illinois town reflect on their lives from beyond the grave.
Related Links
Featured Artists
Updated: Sep-17-2009


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|General Questions
|What is a Font?
|A font is all the letters, numbers, punctuation and other symbols which compose a typeface. Click here for a more complete description of the origin of fonts and typefaces.
|Why do some handwriting fonts look so small?
|Each handwriting font is unique, and will have its own optimum size (the size it is best used at). Click here for more info.
|How has handwriting changed over the centuries?
|See our history of handwriting discussion here.
|What are the differences between versions of vLetter handwriting fonts?
|There are three main generations of vLetter fonts. See more details here.
|Where is the vLetter End User License Agreement?
|See the EULA here.
|vLetter SmartFonts
|What are the minimum System Requirements to use SmartFonts?
|Your operating system and application (like MS Word) must be able to use OpenType Advanced Features. Click here for details.
|How do I make the SmartFont characters connect in Microsoft Word?
|If the characters in your SmartFont don't vary their shapes or connect, you need to enable ligatures in Font settings. Click here for a step-by-step description.
|How can I make my "handwritten" MS Word documents look more real?
|Use these tips and tricks to vary the appearance of your document.
|Educational Fonts
|How did educational handwriting methods evolve?
|Educational Handwriting Methods including D'Nealian® and Zaner-Bloser® styles. Click here for for more information.
|How do I make a handwriting learning worksheet?
|Here are some basic guidelines for creating and using handwriting worksheets for children. Click here for step-by-step instructions.
|Other Educational Links
|Click here for other educational links.


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Safety Progress
Ensuring healthy and safe working conditions for employees and contractors at cement facilities ranks at the top of CSI priorities. Member companies recognise the importance of maintaining this subject at the very top of their agenda.
The CSI's motto is "ZERO fatalities and lost time injuries (LTI)": the goal is to achieve zero fatalities among members' company operations. While this goal may be challenging for the cement sector, it's achievement is very important to us.
Employee lost time incident frequency rate
(per million manhours, directly employed) for all activities
In 2004, the CSI published the guidance document, Health and Safety in the Cement Industry: Examples of Good Practice. This was followed in 2013 with the publication of, Employee Safety in the Cement Sector: A Guidebook for Measuring and Reporting, a common standard for measuring and reporting that CSI members agreed to implement. And the Health Management Handbook: Addressing occupational exposures in the cement industry was released in 2015.
CSI members monitored and reported fatality & accident statistics and made them public. CSI members actively collaborate, sharing knowledge and best practices on safety measures. In the process, this raises valuable awareness on the need to cultivate a culture of safety in the cement sector.
These efforts have borne fruit: since 2003, fatalities have fallen by a third, and the injury rate has been reduced by close to 50%.
Despite promising steps in the right direction, injury and fatality rates remain a long way from world-class safety standards. The CSI is determined to improve these results year on year, to achieve and better those standards, and continue to work closely together on extensive efforts to further reduce fatalities and injuries. This includes putting in place additional training and awareness programs.
The CSI has identified driver and contractor safety as particular risk areas. In October 2009, CEOs launched a new initiative focusing on these issues, and aiming to dramatically reduce fatalities in these areas. Find out more in the CSI driver and contractor safety initiative.


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Trade secrets can offer infinite intellectual property protection. Human error tends to shorten that timeline for many companies. By definition, a trade secret is information that derives economic value from being not generally know or readily ascertainable by proper means and is the subject of "reasonable" efforts under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy. Reasonable efforts can include robust employment agreements and policies, non-disclosure agreements with investors and consultants, and even confidentiality agreements with visitors. Patterson Thuente IP partners with clients to establish trade secret protection protocols to prevent misappropriation, but when the secret gets out, we have the experience to successfully represent our clients through all stages of trade secrets litigation.
Trade Secret Services
- Trade secret prevention programs
- Audit of existing protocols
- Drafting of non-disclosure, non-competition, non-solicitation, and competitive agreements.
- Trade secret investigations
- Trade secret litigation


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Do those who believe in anthropogenic global warming want us to take them as seriously as they take their own science? If the debate about global warming, uh, climate change, is going to be about truth rather than about selectively choosing the data which validates one's ideological leanings, then it's time to fess up and have an open, honest debate.
For years scientists who questioned the popular theories being used to produce policies which would turn our economy upside down were publicly humiliated and berated, and many claim they were denied research funding as a result of their findings. The questions are mounting regarding the science that has been used to "prove" the political "facts" many would like us to believe. So, before we transform our entire economy based on what could be false premises (at the same time increasing the cost of living of every single American), let's allow for some rigorous scientific examination.
Information has been released making clear that not only did some scientists attempt to blackball others who disagreed with their climate-change predictions, but they would also seemingly be willing to, in violation of law, hide the data used in making their predictions. It seems that any intelligent individual, believer or not, is at this point forced to ask a few questions. Why is it so important to not allow access to the data? If the research is legitimate, won't the data bear that out? Is this all truly "settled science," or has the consensus we keep hearing about been simply based on suppression (or worse) of some of the evidence?
The complaint we heard over and over, for eight years with regard to George W. Bush, was that he only sought out the opinions of those who agreed with him. That is a discussion for another day (one long past), but on the global warming issue there seems to be genuine proof that did occur. Rather than debate those scientists point for point who disagreed, the attempt was made to blackball; if that didn't work, these leading climate scientists would call it bad science and pretend to ignore it. Sounds a bit like the way Al Gore has handled the intellectual rigors of the very same issue from a political angle.
Let's have a debate, and let's have it on the issues at hand, please. In a recent statement by the University of East Anglia, found on their web site, it is noted, "The publication of a selection of stolen data is the latest example of a sustained and, in some instances, a vexatious campaign which may have been designed to distract from reasoned debate about the nature of the urgent action which world governments must consider to mitigate, and adapt to, climate change." Notice their focus is the debate about the–nature of the urgent action which world governments must consider–regarding the issue they refuse to debate – climate change itself. Apparently that is because this is settled science? Of course this isn't political. They say so themselves!
For a political movement intent on fact-checking SNL skits, I would think someone who supports the politically correct global warming hysteria would have the intellectual curiosity to fact-check some of the climate change data. Unfortunately, according to many in the political community that apparently supports sloppy science, that would make you an uneducated fool. Which leads me to yet another question: Just what does rigorous scientific debate entail in this new world? I am not a fool, nor am I uneducated, but I am so very confused!


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So I know this is probably super late compared to other blogger's Top Books of 2013, but I've been sick for the past week, so that's why this is up so late. Unlike last year I'm lifting most of the restrictions that I put on that list, mainly because it's a larger list. So the rules for this list are, these are the top 13 books that I have read and reviewed in the year 2013, if I didn't review it in 2013 than it can't make the list, and only one book per author to make it as fair as possible. This list was very hard to rank, so these books are in NO PARTICULAR ORDER. I hope you enjoy and be sure to click on the book's cover to check out my review of that book!
1. Falling Kingdoms (Falling Kingdoms #1) by Morgan Rhodes
2. The Runaway King (The Ascendance Trilogy #2) by Jennifer A. Nielsen
3. The Indigo Spell (Bloodlines #3) by Richelle Mead
4. Dare You To (Pushing the Limits #2) by Katie McGarry
5. Throne of Glass (Throne of Glass #1) by Sarah J. Maas
6. Clockwork Princess (The Infernal Devices #3) by Cassandra Clare
7. Warrior (The Dragon King Chronicles #2) by Ellen Oh
8. What's Left of Me (The Hybrid Chronicles #1) by Kat Zhang
9. Splintered (Splintered #1) by A.G. Howard
10. Scorched Treachery (Imdalind Series #3) by Rebecca Ethington
11. Pawn (The Blackcoat Rebellion #1) by Aimee Carter
12. Pandemonium (Delirium #2) by Lauren Oliver
13. Goddess (The Awakening Trilogy #3) by Josephine Angelini
Honorable Mentions:
Final Bits:
So that's my list for 2013! 2014 looks to be another great reading year, the books I read this year were so hard to choose from, those books in my Honorable Mentions section were SUPER close to being in the actual count but just barely fell short. What books were on your Top List? Leave a comment below!


text: Home Electrical PlanningWhether you're planning an electrical upgrade of your existing home or you want to install a new electrical system, you should know some home electrical planning basics, such as electrical circuit planning.Basics of Home Electrical PlanningYour home's electrical system includes such things as:Electric metersElectrical boxesHousehold wiringIncoming power linesService panelsSwitches and outlets.Taken together, all of these components ensure that your appliances, lights and other equipment have the correct amount of power to operate.Basic home electrical planning involves proper placement and distribution of electrical wiring and outlets. If you're planning a new home or remodeling your existing home, take some time to determine your electric needs based on the appliances and fixtures currently in your home.As you begin your electrical circuit planning, think of the ways in which you use electronics in your home and take notes about aspects of importance to you. For example, now is a good time to place a light in a previously dark corner or put a new electrical outlet in a more convenient location. You'll want to consider audio, video and communication devices as well.Doing some home electrical planning on your own will help your builder and your electrician understand exactly what you're looking for, which can save you time and money down the road. You may also want to enlist the help of a qualified electrician to help you nail down the particulars of your plans.Electrical Circuit PlanningElectrical circuit planning requires some general knowledge and adherence to guidelines. A basic rule to keep in mind is that you can place a maximum of 12 lights on one 15-amp circuit, but going for eight or 10 is generally a better idea. You'll want to be sure to run large appliances, motors or pumps on their own separate circuit. A qualified electrician or contractor can always help you ensure your circuits, switches, receptacles and electrical boxes are placed correctly.Electric PermitsOnce your electrical circuit planning is complete, you must get a proper electrical permit before the work can begin. You need to acquire an electrical permit any time you install a new electrical service or wiring system or make modifications to existing circuits or systems. Electric permits are also required to relocate an appliance such as an electric hot water tank or furnace.Need More Help?If you need professional help with your project, LendingTree Home Pros can help.The good news is that LendingTree Home Pros maintains a directory of home service professionals and can match you with a home pro in your area. All the home pros listed in the LendingTree Home Pros directory are properly licensed and insured and are backed by a $10,000 money-back guarantee!Let LendingTree Home Pros help you find a pro today!