text:
Lex Sportiva: Thoughts Towards a Criminal Law of Competitive Contact Christo Lassiter, Professor of Law, University of Cincinnati College of Law
- Corey Bradford
- 3 years ago
- Views:
1 Lex Sportiva: Thoughts Towards a Criminal Law of Competitive Contact Christo Lassiter, Professor of Law, University of Cincinnati College of Law All opinions expressed are solely those of the author. Abstract It sometimes happens that athletes fall to injury rather than superior play. At what point should the criminal law come into play? In a first round National Football League playoff game last season, The Cincinnati Bengals hopes ended on the second play of the game after the opening kick off, when Pittsburgh Steeler defensive tackle Kimo von Oelhoffen Pittsburgh viciously tackled Cincinnati Bengal quarterback Carson Palmer by bending his leg left against the knee joint in such a way as to tear the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments in Palmer s left knee. Palmer left the field on a stretcher. Should von Oelhoffen s hit on Palmer be regarded as an act of criminal misconduct? It would seem undeniable that the promotion of legitimate vigorous competitive contact sport is a worthy goal that should brook no interference from the criminal law. It is equally certain however that criminal objectives intentionally or recklessly carried substantially to fruition should be punished in criminal law regardless of whether they masquerade as legitimate sport. Criminal violence used to accomplish a competitive advantage is not a legitimate part of sport, and this is so regardless of whether the criminal attack occurs on or off the field of play. The criminal law applies to on-field misconduct. The English Rule looks to evaluate mens rea but allows a high presumption of innocence for players acting within the rules and custom of the game. Under the American Rule players consent to risks inherent in the rules and custom of the game and so long as the rules are reasonable, there is no criminal liability for accidents, and injury is excused. Neither legal tradition nor the rules of the games adequately address strategic acts of criminal thuggery masquerading as legitimate sport. This article examines contemporary incidents in American football to offer thoughts toward developing a criminal jurisprudence to address intentional or reckless actions causing grievous bodily injury on the playing field. I. Introduction A. The Kimo Van Oelhoffen Hit on Carson Palmer. On January 8, 2006, in its first playoff game since 1991, the Cincinnati Bengals, American Football Conference North Division Champions, faced Division rivals, the Pittsburgh Steelers, a wild card team. The Cincinnati Bengals hopes ended on the second play of the game after the opening kick off, when Pittsburgh Steeler defensive tackle Kimo von Oelhoffen viciously tackled Cincinnati Bengal quarterback Carson Palmer by bending his leg left against the knee joint in such a way as to tear the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments in 1
2 Palmer s left knee. 1 Palmer left the field on a Figure 1 Photographer Andy Lyons/Getty Images stretcher. No one cried foul. Game officials did not penalize von Oelhoffen during the game, nor did league officials fine von Oelhoffen after the game. The Bengals managed a 17-7 lead into the second quarter, but without Quarterback Palmer, the Steelers ultimately pulled ahead and won the game Should von Oelhoffen s hit on Palmer be regarded as an act of criminal violence? The best start to answering this question is to review a photograph of the attack as it occurred. The photograph shows that the ball had left Palmer s hand and that he stood completing his follow through. This is one of the most vulnerable poses in football. 3 The NFL has long penalized 300 pound defensive lineman who 1 The Hit: Bengals QB Palmer vows return doctor says injury complicated, THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER, dated at A1. Picture used with permission: Photographer Andy Lyons/Getty Images 2 The Steelers went on to win the National Football League Championship by beating the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XL. Palmer endured reconstructive knee surgery and rehabilitation of his left knee in time for the start of the 2006 Football Season. Perseverance paid off as the Bengals beat the Steelers in their first regular season re-match on the Steelers home turf to share the lead for first place in the American Football Conference, and leaving the Steelers second to last in the AFC North Division after Week 5 of the NFL 2006 Season. THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER (Sep 25, 2006) at A-1; 3 Earlier in the 2005 season, Pittsburgh Quarterback Ben Rothlisberger suffered a hyperextended left knee 2
3 come barreling in to level a quarterback in this position, especially where the tackler leads with his helmet. The photograph shows that von Oelhoffen did not come barreling in. The photograph shows that von Oelhoffen was not pushed nor did he fall out of control onto Palmer. The photograph entirely refutes the hypothesis of accident, out-of-control athletic exuberance or even misadventure. Instead, the photograph quite clearly shows von Oelhoffen in control and forcing Palmer s left knee to bend sideways against the joint. At the level of expertise necessary to become a professional athlete, von Oelhoffen s action in bending Palmer s knee out of joint may realistically be characterized as it appears in the photograph, namely a reckless act, or more likely, an intentional act, causing grievous bodily injury. Football is a contest of violent confrontations, but it simply cannot remain legal to execute tactics, which intend or recklessly risk grievous bodily injury regardless of the legitimacy of the sporting objective. The question is at what point, if any, does a controlled, intentional or reckless attack occurring during competitive contact sports contest cross the line to sanctionable criminal misconduct? B. What, if Anything is Criminal in Competitive Contact Sports? One of the most important facets of success in competitive contact sports such as football is the necessity to break an opponent s will to win. The will to win may be broken with hard physical contact. A hard hit may break the will to win momentarily, a harder hit may break the will to win for a longer moment, the hardest hit may break the will to win for the season, perhaps for a career. At what point does deliberate grievous bodily injury transcend sports to become criminal? Should the criminal law impose limits to defeating an opponent in competitive play? when San Diego Chargers defensive end Luis Castillo hit him in Week 5. Kevin Kelly, Roughing rules not easy on 3
4 It would seem undeniable that the promotion of legitimate vigorous competitive contact sport is a worthy goal that should brook no interference from the criminal law. It is equally certain however that criminal objectives intentionally or recklessly carried substantially to fruition should be punished in criminal law regardless of whether they masquerade as legitimate sport. Game penalties to include loss of yards, down or even player ejection assessed by game officials combined with fines levied by league officials reviewing game film provide adequate disincentives for unsportsmanlike conduct. Our concern here is to address criminal thuggery masquerading as sport under the high speed, violent competitive nature of a contact sport. Neither intentionally or recklessly bending knees against the joint nor play-interrupting brawls and postgame melees can be adequately addressed by game penalties or league fines, precisely because they are beyond the scope of the game. Intentionally or recklessly causing grievous bodily injury as well as play interrupting brawls and postgame melees is criminal conduct in any context except competitive contact sports. Such thuggery does not, and can not be permitted to, serve a legitimate objective in the game of American football. 1. Assaults: competition motivated attacks prior to competitive contact sports play. The best way to begin the analysis in determining the point at which a controlled intentional or reckless attack crosses the line to criminal misconduct is with the most dramatic competitively motivated criminal attack in recent memory, namely the clubbing of U.S. Figure Skater Nancy Kerrigan s knee at the U.S. Olympic Trials. 4 Kerrigan was the reigning U.S. Figure Skating Association [hereinafter USFSA] Champion and a favorite to win gold at the 1994 Winter Olympics. 5 Jeff Gillooly, the ex-husband of U.S. Figure Skater Tonya Harding, Kerrigan s chief American rival, and his henchman admitted to the attack. 6 Physically unable to perform due to her defense, THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER at C term/olympics1998/history/time line. 5 Christine Brennan, Skater Attacked at Olympic Trials, THE WASHINGTON POST, Jan. 7, 1994 at A1. 6 Jeff Gillooly pled guilty to one count of racketeering in connection with the plot before a Portland, Oregon circuit court judge sitting in Multinomah County, Oregon and received a two year sentence and a $100,000 fine. 4
5 injured knee, Kerrigan withdrew from the U.S. Olympic trials, but was later added to the team anyway. 7 At the 1994 Winter Olympics, Kerrigan won the silver medal; Harding placed eighth. Harding admitted that she was aware of the plot after it occurred, 8 but the USFSA lacked adminstrative authority to exclude Harding from competing in the Olympics without a hearing to determine guilt. 9 Months later, the USFSA conducted a hearing and found through circumstantial evidence that Harding did know of the plot before it occurred and stripped Harding of her title and banned her from USOC sanctioned events for life. 10 Tonya Harding ultimately pled guilty to obstructing the grand jury investigation into the attack. 11 In the football analog to the Kerrigan hit, on September 13, 2006, local police in Evan, Colorado arrested Mitch Cozad, a back-up punter for the University of Northern Colorado for allegedly stabbing starting punter, Rafael Mendoza, in the leg as Mendoza was exiting his car on Stephen Buckley, Gillooly Pleads Guilty, Says Harding Approved Plot, THE WASHINGTON POST, Feb. 2, 1994 at A1; Robert Fachet, Gillooly Gets Two Years in Prison, $100,000 Fine, THE WASHINGTON POST, Jul. 14, 1994 at D2. 7 The USFSA is the non-governmental body which selects figure skaters to represent the Unites States on behalf of the United States Olympic Committee. USFSA rules allow the USFSA to select athletes who did not compete at qualifying trials. See Christine Brennan, Kerrigan Picked to Join Harding for Olympics, THE WASHINGTON POST, Jan. 9, 1994 at D1. 8 Johnette Howard, Skater Attacked at Olympic Trials, THE WASHINGTON POST, Jan. 28, 1994 at A1. 9 The United States Olympic Committee [hereinafter USOC] had no mechanism to bar Tonya Harding from competing in the Olympics because of procedural guarantees available in the United States Olympic and Amateur Sports Act. See Christine Brennan, Group Begins Disciplinary Action Against Harding, THE WASHINGTON POST, Feb. 6, 1994 at A1; Serge Kovaleske, Harding Files 20M Lawsuit Against the USOC, THE WASHINGTON POST, Feb. 10, 1994 at D1 Christine Brennan, Deal Puts Harding in Olympics as Games Begin, THE WASHINGTON POST, Feb. 13, 1994 at A1. 10 Robert Weaver, Harding s attorney stated that Harding categorically denied allegations by her ex-husband and others and further denied Harding had prior knowledge or participated in the attack on Nancy Kerrigan. Weaver stated that Harding was disappointed, but not surprised that the USFSA found her guilty because she did not appear to defend herself.. Christine Brennan, Harding Stripped of Title; Banned for Life, THE WASHINGTON POST, Jul. 1, 1994 at C1. 11 Harding s plea agreement required her to withdraw from the American team scheduled to compete at the 1994 figure skating world championships in Japan and resign from the U.S. Figure Skating Association. In addition, Tanya Harding agreed to pay a $100,000 fine (the maximum then allowed under Oregon sentencing guidelines), set up a $50,000 fund to benefit Special Olympics, reimburse Multinomah County prosecutors $10,000 in costs, perform 500 hours of unspecified community service, and undergo psychiatric examination and participate in any treatment ordered by the court. Johnette Howard, Skater Attacked at Olympic Trials, THE WASHINGTON POST, Mar. 17, 1994 at A1. 5
6 the evening of September 11, Police assigned competition for the starting punting job as motive for the stabbing. 13 On October 19, 2006, Weld County, Colorado District Attorney s office filed an attempted first degree murder charge and one count of second degree assault against Cozad. 14 Though criminal intent is more readily acceptably established in competitor motivated attacks occurring out of play, demonstrable criminal intent or recklessness should make criminal attacks during play equally out of bounds. If a competitively motivated, intentional attack on a fellow competitor s knee out of play clearly crosses the line to criminal misconduct, it should be equally clear that a competitively motivated, intentional or a reckless attack on a fellow competitor s knee during play also crosses the line of criminality. 2. Attackles: competition motivated attacks during competitive contact sports play. In the folklore of the National Football League, former Oakland Raider safety Jack Tatum is widely regarded as a fierce competitor and the hardest hitting safety of all time. In one of the most celebrated images from Super Bowl XI in 1977, Tatum hit Minnesota Vikings wide receiver Sammy White so hard that White s helmet came off. 15 The most infamous example of Tatum s hitting ability was his hit on New England Patriots wide receiver Darryl Stingley as he was leaping for a pass leaving his body entirely exposed, in a single minded attempt to catch an overthrown ball. The ball had already left his fingertips at the time Tatum slammed into him 12 See Pat Graham, Back-up Punter May Have Stabbed Starter, (The Associated Press), THE WASHINGTONPOST.COM, Sep 14, Based on his arrest, the University of Northern Colorado immediately dismissed Cozad from the team, the University, and on-campus housing. 13 See 14 Punter may face up to 48 years in prison, Associated Press, The Cincinnati Enquirer, Oct. 20, 2006 at B4. 15 See 6
7 leading with his helmet. The hit badly damaged Stingley s spinal cord and left him paralyzed from the chest down. Although the rules were later changed, at the time, the hit was legal under NFL rules. There was no penalty. No fine. No prosecution, criminal or civil. And, no apology from Tatum. Instead, Tatum boasted: I like to believe that my best hits border on felonious assault. 16 Tatum remains a celebrated and honored athlete. 17 Tatum played college ball at The Ohio State University where current head coach Jim Tressel, instituted the Jack Tatum Hit of the Week Award. 18 In light of Tatum s self-professed belief that he like to believe that [his] best hits bordered on felonious assault, perhaps a better remembrance of Jack Tatum is to coin hard hitting tackles like his that recklessly or intentionally cause grievous bodily harm attackles. This new term combines the words attack and tackle to call attention to competitive contact hits which border on felonious assault, and indeed, may very well cross the line of criminality. The most recent hit most worthy of consideration as an attackle occurred on October 1, 2006 in a National Football League game. Early in the third quarter, just after a five yard touchdown run by Dallas Julius Jones in the Cowboys victory, Tennessee Titan defensive lineman, Albert Haynesworth kicked off the helmet of Dallas offensive lineman Andre Gurode s helmet then stomped and scraped his cleats across Gurode s face and forehead. Gurode required 16 Id. 17 Jack Tatum, THEY CALL ME ASSASSIN (1980). Tatum, who received the nicknamed, Assassin, when he signed with the Oakland Raiders, wrote three books, entitled, THEY CALL ME ASSASSIN (1980), THEY STILL CALL ME ASSASSIN (1989), and FINAL CONFESSIONS OF NFL ASSASSIN JACK TATUM (1996). Jack Tatum was a 2005 inductee into the College Hall of Fame and in a 2006 Sports Illustrated poll to name the best defensive back of all time, he garnered eight percent of the vote.id. 18 See 7
8 30 stiches and missed the next two games. 19 Game officials immediately called a personal file for flagrant unnecessary roughness against Haynesworth. When he saw the penalty flag, Haynesworth took off his helmet and tossed it, drawing a second personal foul and ejection---for the unsportsmanlike protest, not for stomping on an opponent s face. 20 After the game, Haynesworth appeared contrite and remorseful. 21 League officials suspended Haynesworth for five games for the face stomping incident, the longest by the NFL for on-field actions. 22 The five game suspension will cost Haynesworth $190,000 of his $646,251 annual salary in forfeited salary, and possibly a portion of signing bonuses. 23 Nashville s Metro Police Department and the Davidson County District Attorney s office issued a joint statement saying they were ready to assist Gurode in criminally prosecuting Id. 21 Albert Haynesworth has an extensive history of violence including a road rage incident (May 2006) postgame confrontations (November 2005), punched a teammate during practice (December 2003), (kicking a teammate in the chest during practice (August 2003), fought with two teammates on consecutive during June minicamp (June 2002) and during a college practice, after an altercation with a teammate, he left practice and returned with a pole (November 2000). See 82.html 22 Id. Previously, the longest suspension for on-field behavior was two games for Green Bay defensive lineman Charles Martin for throwing Chicago quarterback Jim Mahon to the ground during a game on November 23, Id The Haynesworth suspension is the first NFL suspension of a player since Rodney Harrison, then with San Diego, received a one game suspension for hitting Oakland s Jerry Rice with his helmet. Earlier that season, Denver s 8
9 Haynesworth if Gurode so chooses, but Gurode did not so choose. 24 Kicking off a helmet and stomping on the head of another with a cleated foot is a matter of public interest and requires public vindication regardless of the personal code or perhaps personal financial motive of the victim not to press for charges. The stomping, shown repeatedly in television replays, has brought nearly unanimous condemnation. 25 These actions go beyond unsportsmanlike conduct and cannot possible be considered an inherent risk. There should be no question that such thuggery should be subject to criminal sanction in law even if masquerading as a legitimate competitive sporting contact regardless of whether the attack occurs on or off the field of play. 26 If competition motivated criminal attacks occurring out of play are the proper domain of the criminal sanction, then so too must criminal intent be more readily acceptably established in competitor motivated attacks occurring out of play. Demonstrable criminal intent should make criminal attacks during play equally out of bounds as off-field attacks. 3. Play disruptive fights. In addition to intentional or reckless injury causing attackles, another area that readily suggests the need for criminal sanctions is play interrupting brawls or postgame melees. On Kenoy Kennedy also received a one game suspension for a helmet-to-helmet hit on Chris Chambers of Miami. 24 Id The National Hockey League provides two modern precedents for successful application of the criminal sanction for competitive sporting contact occurring at the conclusion of legitimate play. In the National Hockey League, Todd Bertuzzi pleaded guilty to causing bodily harm and missed 20 games for a blindside punch that left Colorado forward Steve Moore with broken bones in his neck on March 8, The attack was in retaliation for a hit by Steve Moore that injured the Vancouver Canucks Captain on February 16, Id. Vancouver authorities also convicted Boston Bruin player Marty McSorley of assault with a weapon for slashing Vancouver s Donald Brasher in the head with his stick on February 21, McSorley was one of the fourth most penalized 9
10 Saturday, October 15, 2006, established college football power, the University of Miami Hurricanes played little known cross town rivals, the Florida International University Golden Panthers. Miami s James Bryant caught a 5-yard touchdown pass with about nine minutes left in the third quarter to give the Hurricanes a 13-0 lead. He pointed at the FIU bench and bowed to the crowd, incurring a 15-yard penalty for taunting. On the extra point that made it 14-0, FIU s Chris Smith knocked down holder Matt Perelli and appeared to punch him. More than 100 players from both teams joined the fracas that immediately ensued. 27 Video replay shows Miami safety Anthony Reddick raced off the side lines with helmet held high and swinging it like a weapon against the back of an FIU player. 28 Numerous Miami players are seen stomping on FIU players on the ground. The video also shows an injured FIU player on crutches hobbled off the opposing side line and swung a crutch like a weapon. 29 Miami police were required to restore order. However, there were no arrests and none are intended. 30 The Miami-FIU brawl was the second of that day as earlier, an on-field fight between football teams representing Dartmouth and Holy Cross fought after Holy Cross players celebrated an overtime victory by stomping of player in the league (3,381 minutes in the penalty box) and in his prime was one of the nest fighters. Id. 27 Dan Cruz, a Miami season ticketholder did not attend the game, but recorded it on TV and posted a clip on YouTube.com. On Monday, October 16 th, 2006, it became the most watched video. Cruz says he did it to show the entirety of the brawl, which he believes proves FIU was more at fault The University of Miami and Athletic Conference Commisioners suspended him indefinitely and stated that additional diciplinary measures will be taken to include community service and other action Florida International University dismissed Chris Smith and Marshall McDuffie Jr. from the team and suspended 16 others indefinitely. The University also required all 18 players to complete 10 hours of anger management counseling and to fulfill 50 hours of community service intended to educate South Florida youth on appropriate behavior at athletic competitions. Id. 30 Id. 10
11 the Dartmouth D logo conveniently set at midfield. 31 The culture of football is such that not only are arrests not made for such on-field melees, there is a strong undercurrent of support for such passion. Lamar Thomas, an announcer with Comcast Sports SouthEast, watched as the brawl raged out of control and stated on the air: Now, that s what I m talking about. You come into our house, you should get your behind kicked. You don t come into the OB [Orange Bowl] playing that stuff...you can t come over to our place talking noise like that. You ll get your butt beat. I was about to go down the elevator to get in that thing. As the fight slowed, Thomas comments continued: I say, why don t they just meet outside in the tunnel after the ballgame and get it on some more? You don t come into the OB baby. Lamar Thomas, is a former wide receiver for the University of Miami, and now alas, also a former announcer for Comcast Sports, which dismissed him for his comments, which they also deleted from their video records of the brawl. 32 C. The Propriety of Applying Criminal Law to Regulate Play in Contact Sports. In a competitive contact sport, it not infrequently happens that athletes fall to intentional or reckless injury causing attackles rather than superior play. But why such reticence in bringing the criminal law into play to sanction thuggish conduct causing grevious bodily harm? There is clarity in applying the criminal law to deliberate injurious conduct between athletes off the field The University of Miami has won five national championships since 1983 and has a history where fisticuffs and football intersect. The team engaged in a postgame fight after suffering a 40-3 loss to Louisiana State University in the Peach Bowl in December 2005, and nearly came to blows on September 16, 2006, with the University of Louisville after stomping on the Louisville logo at midfield. During the 1990s the Hurricanes rivalry with the University of Notre Dame was lampooned as Catholics vs. Convicts. In the days before the 1987 Fiesta Bowl for the National Championship, Penn State players wore coats and ties while Miami players wore fatigues. Id. 11
12 of play. But there is no clarity in applying criminal law to deliberate, injurious misconduct between athletes on the field of play. There are several reasons for the lack of clarity in evaluating criminal misconduct in on-field play. Chief among these reasons is that the promotion of legitimate, vigorous competitive contact sport is an exceedingly worthy goal in a free society. 33 A second, is the conviction borne of historical origins that competitive contact sports are vicious by nature, and violence, if anything enhances its entertainment value. 34 And, third, it may be argued that self-policing through creating and enforcing the rules of the game adequately safeguard players from deliberate, injurious conduct Are the rules of the game adequate safeguards of player safety?. The rules and cultures of the game are set at the highest level of competition where highly skilled athletes are experienced and well trained to play in very hazardous activity and are extremely well compensated to accept the risks inherent in such hazardous activity. However the same rules and culture which are set at the highest level of competition apply at every level of competition with only slight modification to accommodate lesser size and ability. This is not to say that the criminal law should be any less concerned to protect highly trained, top professional athletes who are paid extravagant sums to play. It is merely a necessary observation that the rules and culture at the top of any activity, sporting, or otherwise, sets the paradigm for all levels of play and for all manner and quality of competitors. Thus the criminal law is appropriate to 33 Although his phrasing was inexact, legendary football coach Vince Lombardi, is credited with the principle that Winning is not everything; it is the only thing. See e.g., freedictionary.com/vince%20lombardi. 34 Sports originated in part as preparation and training for hand-to-hand combat and other low technologically based military conflict and as deversion from monotonous physical labor. 35 A prominent example of such rules include rules concerning protection of the passer. Rule 4 in this category specifically states: Officials are to blow the play dead as soon as the quarterback is clearly in the grasp 12
13 address the criminal element in competitive contact sports and the validity of implied consent as a defense to attackles becomes less palatable at lower levels of play. 36 Game penalties and league fines address naturally occurring misadventure owing to the culture of violence, speed, and competitive nature of football. Their goal is to ensure a competitive environment. They are ill conceived and too erractically applied to ensure against reckless or intentional misconduct. 37 Criminal misconduct is beyond the scope of the rules. The rules and custom of the game can not be completely relied upon to ensure a safe playing environment because administrators, coaches, and referees who establish the rules and practices of the game are primarily concerned with sport. Criminal law is a broader public interest, and by way of contrast, a government, which is representative of the body politic at large, is positioned to take a larger, societal view not only with safety at the highest levels of competition, but also at the lowest levels as well. The line between criminal contact and and control of any tackler, and his safety is in jeopardy. See Official NFL Rules at 36 Leesburg, Virginia cancelled youth football last year when accusations surfaced that a Youth Football Coach created a hit list that may have led to an 11 year old boy having his wrist shattered when he was intentionally tripped by another boy after scoring a touchdown. htto:// 37 On NFL Sunday, October 8, 2006, Kansas City Chiefs running back Larry Johnson caught a short pass and turned it into a 78-yard gain to the Arizona 9 with 2:31 left in the game. Johnson would have scored if Arizona Cardinal cornerback Antrel Rolle had not grabbed him by the facemask and twist his head backward. Rolle did not even let go of the facemask as the two players tumbled out of bounds. The Cardinals lost the game The league fined Rolle $12,500. It is his second fine for an excessive hit. STORY_ NAME=international_feed/06/10/13/GRIDIRON_USA-Arizona_Rolle.html The very next week on October 15, 2006, the Pittsburgh Steelers beat the Kansas City Chiefs In that game, Johnson ran down safety Troy Polamalu on an interception and tackling him by his long hair streaming out the back of Palamalu s helmet. Game officials penalized Johnson not for his hair-only-tackle (which is not an infraction of the rules), but for yanking Polamalu down out of bounds to touch off a brief skirmish. Johnson said: I made the tackle, tried to get up and my hand was full of his hair. I hope I got penalized for hitting Ike Taylor in the face twice and not for pulling Troy s hair. Polamalu did not complain: It doesn t matter to me if he tackles me by my hair or my ankles. NFL Director of Officiating Mike Pereira has ruled that pulling hair was like pulling a shirt. Robert Dvorchak, Long locks expose hairy dilemma--tackling by hair within NFL rules, THE CINCINNATI POST, Oct. 18, 2006 at 4B. The difference is that unlike pulling a shirt, a vicious jerk of the head by grabbing long hair is just as likely to cause a neck injury as grabbing a facemask. NFL rules permit the former, but penalize the latter. Id. 13
14 legitimate sports contact must necessarily be drawn by the body politic from which citizens of sport emerge and to which they repair. 2. Sporting violence as entertainment. There are mixed incentives motivating violence in the National Football League. The knee injuries suffered by Palmer and to a lesser extent, Rothlisberger in 2005, begat a new NFL rule which bars a defensive player from hitting a quarterback at or below the knees when the quarterback has one or both feet on the ground. 38 Concerns for maintaining a viable entertainment product motivated this change as much as player safety. Atlanta Falcons General Manager, and NFL Competition Committee Co-Chairman Rich Mckay explained: The quarterback position is a defenseless position when his feet are on the ground and he s throwing the football. We have to find ways to protect him...we know how important it is to the franchises and the stability of the franchisees and what quarterback injuries have done to certain teams over the years. 39 The big hit is entertainment and plays to base instincts. During the 2006 NFL Season, a regular piece on an ESPN Toyota Half Time show features re-plays of exceptionally violent 38 Kevin Kelly, Roughing rules not easy on defense, THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER at C1. 39 Oddly, perhaps no team has been more stung by the new rule than the Cincinnati Bengals who lost to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week due in part to a controversial roughing the passer call against Bengal defensive end Justin Palmer. Instead of a second and 18 quarterback sack at the 40, the penalty gave the Buccaneers a first and 10 from the Bengal s 25 yard line. The Buccaneers scored the game winning touchdown five plays later with 35 seconds remaining. Id. Bengals Head Coach Marvin Lewis, also a member of the NFL Competition Committee observed: We didn t recklessly throw anyone to the ground nor do anything like that. That s what I think the rule was intended for, that we don t be reckless that way. (The) same goes for the rule with the unprotected receiver. Right now we have [referees] that are making things a little too complicated for the defense. It is possible that NFL referees may be overcompensating for a jarring hit by Cincinnati Bengal defensive end Robert Gathers knocked out Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Trent Green during Week 1 of the 2006 season. Game and league officials reviewed the hit, but found nothing to penalize or fine. Kevin Kelly, Roughing rules not easy on 14
15 hits. At each resounding hit, the announcers colorfully exclaimed: He got jacked up! So too WWLT TV, the National Broadcast Company affiliate in Cincinnati features a Carstar Collision of the week which routines features athletes inflicting vicious on-field hits. 3. When might vigorous competition become illegitimate? There can be no fear that a limited and precise introduction of the criminal sanction to onfield play in competitive contact sports goes too far. As with landmark interest in curbing domestic violence, a culture of sports violence should not go unnoticed by the criminal law. To say that criminal behavior occurring in competitive contact sports is beyond the reach of criminal law is to say to little by way of deterrence in criminal law and too much for competitive contact sports by way of integrating criminal harms from illegitimate play into the context of the game. The conceptual barrier to criminal sports batteries should fall for the same reason that barriers to criminalizing domestic batteries fell, and that is an excess of criminal like injuries occurring in competitive contact sports. Implied consent is misguided here. The law of rape and sexual assault protects sex professionals even though their consensual activity places them at certain risk of criminal violence and so too then should the law of homicides and aggravated battery protect athletes even though athletes engage in competitive contact sport which places them at certain risk from criminal violence. No player assumes the risk of, or consents to, criminal conduct simply by engaging in an activity where excessive harm is a possibility. No sport or business should immunize criminal thuggery from prosecution because to do so violates public interest. America is a litigious society and there is a fear that given the choice between legal and defense, THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER at C1. 15
16 non-legal remedies, disputants might all too quickly opt for the legal remedy. However, legal process is intrusive on all parties and cumbersome. Legal forum are expensive, unwieldy, and too cost prohibitive for all but the most compelling cases. At the early stages, an over reliance on legal solutions is not necessarily a bad thing as the formality of law and the expertise of lawyers provides for the most compelling way to change behavioral modification and has the widest effect in educating the general population as well as inculcating new values into a sports culture. The right mix of criminal and administrative sanctions will be found fairly quickly. II. Relevance of the Rules and Cultures of the Game Obeying the rules is an integral part of playing any sport. Only when all participants agree to be bound by the constitutive rules of the game can a contest take place. The first problem is that a uniform a system of rules and a penalty scheme for their infraction is inadequate to address intentional rule violations. The second problem is that the rules are only reactively designed and enforced to ensure a safe environment for play. Adjustments are made only after the incidence of grievous bodily injury clearly becomes profound, and even then usually in the off season. 40 The third problem is that concrete rules, no matter how comprehensive, cannot completely describe the permissible universe of acceptable play and risks involved in the game. What must be added to the mix is sports practices or culture. Competitive contact sports are played not just according to the written rules, but also to a practice or culture of the sport, which regardless of experience and familiarity with the game, cannot be sufficiently described to clarify the true risks involved in the game. 40 See e.g., ns Jack Tatum s hit on Daryl Stingly in which he lead with his helmet, or spearing became barred by NFL rules only after Stingley s injury. 16
17 A. The English Rule The English Rule presumes that no rules or culture or practice of any game can make that lawful which is unlawful by law of the land; and the law says you shall not cause death or grievous bodily injury of another. Thus under the English Rule, an injury-causing challenge will be criminal if the requisite mens rea is present. 41 This rule is found in Regina v. Bradshaw a case decided in 1878, involving a soccer match in which the defendant charged the deceased after the ball had been played, catching him hard in his stomach with his knees and rupturing his intestines. The deceased died the next day from a rupture of the intestines. 42 Lord Justice Bramwell in summing up the case to the jury said: The question for you to decide is whether the death of the deceased was caused by the unlawful act of the prisoner. There is no doubt that the prisoner s act caused the death and the question is whether the act was unlawful. No rules or practice of any game whatever can make that lawful which is unlawful by the law of the land; and the law says that you shall not do that which is likely to cause the death of another. For instance, no persons can by agreement go out and fight with deadly weapons, doing by agreement what the law says shall not be done and thus shelter themselves from the consequences of their acts. Therefore in one way you need not concern yourselves with the rules of football [soccer]. But on the other hand if a man is playing according to the rules and practice of the game and not going beyond it, it may be reasonable to infer that he is not actuated by any malicious motive or intention and that he is not acting in a manner which he knows will be likely to productive of death or injury. But independent of the rules, if the prisoner intended to cause serious hurt to the deceased or if he knew that, in charging as he did, he might produce serious injury and was indifferent and reckless as to whether he would produce serious injury or not, then the act would be unlawful. In either 41 Regina v. Bradshaw 14 Cox Crim. Cas 83 (Leicester Spring Assizes 1878) per Bramwell LJ. 42 In a American football analog, on October 5, 2006 in Tampa Bay quarterback Chris Simms.play through violent hits to his midesction in a losing effort against the Carolina Panthers (24-22) and required emergency surgery to remove a split spleen immediately after the game. Simms is out for the 2006 season. 17
18 case he would be guilty of a criminal act and you must find him guilty; if you are of the contrary opinion, you will acquit him. [Lord Justice Bramwell] carefully reviewed the evidence, stating that no doubt the game was, in any circumstances, a rough one; but he was unwilling to decry the manly sports of this country, all of which were no doubt attended with more or less danger. 43 The verdict was not guilty. 44 Under, the English Rule, the rules of the game are not dispositive for or against criminal guilt, rather they provide evidentiary significance as to the mental state of the defendant. Lord Judge Bramwell s opinion in Bradshaw suggests that a rebuttable, but obviously high presumption of innocent intent flows from play within the rules pursuing a legitimate sporting objective. Because the verdict of acquittal was not criticized even in a case involving a sports death, it is to be expected that the presumption of innocence would be very difficult for the prosecution to rebut. The absence of this presumption where there is a flagrant breach of the rules would increase the likelihood of the fact finder to infer a degree of culpability. B. The American Rule. The American rule is stated in People v. Fitzsimmons (1895) 34 N.Y.S That case involved an exhibition boxing match in which a punch killed the opponent and led to a charge of homicide. In charging the jury, the Judge stated: If the rules of the game and the practices of the game are 43 Id. 44 Id. 18
19 reasonable, are consented to by all engaged, are not likely to induce serious injury, or to end life, if then, as a result of the game, an accident happens, it is excusable homicide. Depending on reasonableness of the sport, if the defendant was playing according to the rules and practices and there is consent Finding the punch to have been thrown within the rules of boxing, and that the rules themselves were reasonable, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty. Id. In contrast to the strictly mens rea approach under English law, the American approach focuses on the reasonableness of the rules of the game and whether the defendant was playing within rules in pursuit of a legitimate sport objective. The implication under the American rule is that doctrines of consent would negate criminal liability provided that injury occurred within the rules and practices of the game, or playing culture, of the sport involved so long as the rules and practices themselves are reasonable. C. Application of the English and American Rules Yields Similar Results. In application, the English and the American rules would not likely yield different results. Since, under English law, following the rules of sport raises a rebuttable, but fairly high presumption of innocence, and, under American law, adherence to the rules and pursuit of a legitimate sporting objective substantiate grounds for acquittal, playing within the rules and practice of the game under American law is reflected in the high presumption of innocence under the English Rule. This result seems apparent in Regina v. Green, which involved prosecution for 19
20 an on-ice fight, which interrupted a National Hockey League exhibition game. 45 Applying the English Rule, the Green Court gave much deference to the game environment as defined by its culture as well as its rules in evaluating the charged misconduct for criminal liability. We must remember that we are dealing with a hockey game. We are dealing with two competent hockey players at the peak of their form. We are not now dealing with the ordinary facts of life, the ordinary going and coming. We must remember that when we discuss the action of these men we are examining it within that forum and we are discussing it within the context in which the game is played, at a high speed and obviously with people keenly on edge. In these circumstances I find as a fact that Mr. Green s action that night was instinctive and that all he was doing in effect was warning Mr. Maki not to do what he had done again. 46 It is apparent here that, a court may indulge a defendant who plays within the rules and culture of the game, and as such would achieve the same result under the American Rule, which exempts otherwise criminal conduct in the same way so long as the rules themselves are reasonable and consented to by all engaged. Under the American Rule, violation of the rules of the game could be construed to show negligence, but not enough negligence to justify a criminal sanction. Likewise, adherence to the rules should not necessarily shield an athlete from criminal liability, if the rules themselves are objectively inadequate to rule maintain a reasonably safe playing area. III. Traditional Criminal Law: Common Law Offenses and Defenses The primary basis for criminal liability in competitive sports argued for here is intentional or reckless criminal conduct. The primary legal bar to criminal liability is implied 45 Both participants were tried separately. Regina v. Maki, 14 D.L.R. 3d 164 (1970) and Regina v. Green, 16 D.L.R. 3d 137 (1970). These cases are discussed in Defenses at Regina v. Green, 16 D.L.R. 3d 137 (1970). 20
LEAGUE RULES 1. Time of Games --- Time of games will be 8:45 10:15 and possibly 12:00 there will be a 15 minute grace period for only the first games
LEAGUE RULES 1. Time of Games --- Time of games will be 8:45 10:15 and possibly 12:00 there will be a 15 minute grace period for only the first games played. Any team not on the field by 9:00 will automaticallyMore information
10 Victims and the law 57
10 Victims and the law 57 10: Victims and the law This section gives a summary of the law in relation to victims of crime. Introduction The court may call a victim as a witness in a criminal case. However,More information
COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER A GUIDE TO THE LAW IN ALBERTA REGARDING ASSAULT version: 2011 GENERAL All information is provided for general knowledge purposes only and is not meant as a replacement for professionalMore information
Community Legal Information Association of PEI, Inc. Sexual Assault
Community Legal Information Association of PEI, Inc. Sexual Assault As an adult in Canada, you have the right to choose when or if you engage in sexual activity. Sexual activity without your consent isMore information
Big League Dreams, Mansfield ADULT FLAG FOOTBALL 2016 RULES & REGULATIONS 5-ON-5 DIVSION
Big League Dreams, Mansfield ADULT FLAG FOOTBALL 2016 RULES & REGULATIONS 5-ON-5 DIVSION Season The season will consist of nine games (1 classification and 8 league) plus playoffs. Schedules may be adjustedMore information
RICHLAND INTRAMURAL AIR-IT OUT FLAG FOOTBALL (6 on 6) RULES FALL 2016
RICHLAND INTRAMURAL AIR-IT OUT FLAG FOOTBALL (6 on 6) RULES FALL 2016 THE GAME A coin toss determines first possession Winner of coin toss has two options: ball possession choose which goal line his teamMore information
2013-2014 Flag Football Rules
Proper Shoes and Clothing Rules Mouth pieces are strongly suggested to be worn, but are not mandatory. Shoes must be worn. No Metal Cleats will be allowed. No article of clothing may cover any portionMore information
YMCA Youth Football Program 5 6 year olds Flag Football Rules
YMCA Youth Football Program 5 6 year olds Flag Football Rules The following rules are to be used as guidelines in an effort to keep consistency and continuity in the YMCA Youth Sports Football Program.More information
ADULT FLAG FOOTBALL LEAGUE SUMMER 2016 RULES AND REGULATIONS EFFECTIVE MAY 25 th, 2016
City of Fraser Department of Parks and Recreation 34935 Hidden Pine Drive Fraser, MI 48026 (586)-296-8483 Fax: (586)-294-8493 Email: email@example.com Website: micityoffraser.comMore information
SportsHouse Indoor Sports - Official Adult Flag Football Rules
SportsHouse Indoor Sports - Official Adult Flag Football Rules THE GAME, FIELD, PLAYERS & EQUIPMENT Section 1 The Game League and Tournament Play is 5v5 (changes at SPORTSHOUSE discretion). NO Bump andMore information
General District Courts
General District Courts To Understand Your Visit to Court You Should Know: It is the courts wish that you know your rights and duties. We want every person who comes here to receive fair treatment in accordanceMore information
Flag Football Rules Revised July 2014
Flag Football Rules Revised July 2014 Leagues follow U.S.S.S.A. rules, except for any alterations covered below. 1. Team Captain Responsibilities: a. Team Captains must submit a Team Roster Form and aMore information
Where can I get help after a sexual assault?
Sexual Assault What is assault? Assault is when someone uses force to hurt you. Slapping, kicking and pushing can be assault. Sometimes touching can be an assault. Threatening or trying to hurt someoneMore information
GLOSSARY OF SELECTED LEGAL TERMS Sources: US Courts : http://www.uscourts.gov/library/glossary.html New York State Unified Court System: http://www.nycourts.gov/lawlibraries/glossary.shtml Acquittal AMore information
Criminal Law. Month Content Skills August. Define the term jurisprudence. Introduction to law. What is law? Explain several reasons for having laws.
Criminal Law Month Content Skills August Introduction to law Define the term jurisprudence. What is law? Explain several reasons for having laws. Discuss the relationship between laws and values. GiveMore information
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Homicide Case Flowchart...3. Overview of Homicide Trial...4. Location of Local Court Houses...5. General Courtroom Diagram...
A Guide to the Homicide Criminal Justice Process P a g e 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Homicide Case Flowchart...3 Overview of Homicide Trial...4 Location of Local Court Houses...5 General Courtroom Diagram...6More information
DUI FAQ Guide. FAQs to Help Guide You Through The Florida DUI Process
DUI FAQ Guide FAQs to Help Guide You Through The Florida DUI Process Randy Berman, Esq. Law Offices of Randy Berman (561) 537-3877 RandyBermanLaw.com A Simple guide for someone recently arrested for aMore information
FLAG AND TOUCH FOOTBALL RULES AMERICAN YOUTH FOOTBALL AMERICAN YOUTH FOOTBALL also offers flag and touch football programs. Flag Football is an alternative to tackle football with its own rules and regulations.More information
2010 Blondes vs. Brunettes. Game Rules
2010 Blondes vs. Brunettes Game Rules GENERAL PLAY: I. Field 40 yards wide by 60 yards long First downs are gained by crossing the 15, 30 and 15 yard lines. All coaches and players must be between theMore information
IN COURT OF APPEALS. DECISION DATED AND FILED May 8, 2007. Appeal No. 2005AP1653 DISTRICT III DUSTIN R. ELBING, PLAINTIFF,
COURT OF APPEALS DECISION DATED AND FILED May 8, 2007 David R. Schanker Clerk of Court of Appeals NOTICE This opinion is subject to further editing. If published, the official version will appear in theMore information
The offensive team takes possession of the ball at its 5 yard line and has four
RULES Scoring Touchdown: 6 Points PAT: 1 point from 3 yard line; 2 points from 10 yard line Team scoring a TD must declare 1 or 2 point decision immediately. The first declaration to the official willMore information
Chapter Five CRIMINAL LAW AND VICTIMS RIGHTS In a criminal case, a prosecuting attorney (working for the city, state, or federal government) decides if charges should be brought against the perpetrator.More information
Stages in a Capital Case from http://deathpenaltyinfo.msu.edu/
Stages in a Capital Case from http://deathpenaltyinfo.msu.edu/ Note that not every case goes through all of the steps outlined here. Some states have different procedures. I. Pre-Trial Crimes that wouldMore information
FUTSAL RULES Below are additions and/or highlights to FIFA Futsal Rules For details on FIFA Rules, see Rules PDF.
FUTSAL RULES Below are additions and/or highlights to FIFA Futsal Rules For details on FIFA Rules, see Rules PDF. Equipment & Uniforms Game balls are to be provided. Personal Futsal balls are allowed,More information
Detroit is proposing to be able to challenge all fouls, from offensive holding, any foul that takes place, they re proposing should be reviewable.
Competition Committee Conference Call with NFL Executive Vice President of Football Operations Troy Vincent, Atlanta Falcons President & CEO and Competition Committee Chairman Rich McKay and St. LouisMore information
Glossary of Court-related Terms
Glossary of Court-related Terms Acquittal Adjudication Appeal Arraignment Arrest Bail Bailiff Beyond a reasonable doubt Burden of proof Capital offense Certification Charge Circumstantial evidence CitationMore information
Multiple Choice Questions STUDENT STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER TWO 1. A court s application of prior judicial rulings to similar cases is the use of a. Substantive law b. Precedent c. Civil law d. Evidence 2. WhatMore information
DESCRIPTION OF THE FEDERAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM FOR DEFENDANTS DESCRIPTION OF THE FEDERAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM FOR DEFENDANTS This pamphlet has been provided to help you better understand the federalMore information
The support you should get if you are a victim of crime
The support you should get if you are a victim of crime This is an EasyRead booklet showing you what to do. About this booklet The Ministry of Justice wrote this information. This is an EasyRead guideMore information
Glossary. To seize a person under authority of the law. Police officers can make arrests
Criminal Law Glossary Arrest Charge Convicted Court Crime/Offence Crown Attorney or Prosecutor Criminal Custody Guilty Illegal Innocent Lawyer To seize a person under authority of the law. Police officersMore information
Flag Football Rules. NIRSA National Collegiate Flag Football Rules shall govern play with the following clarifications and exceptions.
Flag Football Rules NIRSA National Collegiate Flag Football Rules shall govern play with the following clarifications and exceptions. A participant may plan for only one (1) team. GENERAL RULES OfficialMore information
Glossary of Terms Acquittal Affidavit Allegation Appeal Arraignment Arrest Warrant Assistant District Attorney General Attachment Bail Bailiff Bench
Glossary of Terms The Glossary of Terms defines some of the most common legal terms in easy-tounderstand language. Terms are listed in alphabetical order. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WMore information
FLAG FOOTBALL RULES SECTION 1. THE GAME The game will be played with six (6) players from each team on the field. The game will consist of two 24-minute halves (running clock). Each team will be allowedMore information
NOTICE: THIS DECISION DOES NOT CREATE LEGAL PRECEDENT AND MAY NOT BE CITED EXCEPT AS AUTHORIZED BY APPLICABLE RULES. See Ariz. R. Supreme Court 111(c); ARCAP 28(c); Ariz. R. Crim. P. 31.24 IN THE COURTMore information
AN INTRODUCTION COURT. Victim Services Department of Justice
AN INTRODUCTION TO COURT Victim Services Department of Justice TABE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION......1 2. FIING A POICE REPORT...1 3. COURT PROCESS......2 4. TESTIFYING IN COURT...5 5. COMMONY ASKED QUESTIONS...6More information
Guide to Criminal procedure
Guide to Criminal procedure This free guide gives a general idea to members of the public as to what you may expect to encounter if you or someone you know is charged with a criminal offence. The overridingMore information
Canadian Law 12 Negligence and Other Torts
Canadian Law 12 Negligence and Other Torts What is Negligence? Someone who commits a careless act that creates harm to another person is negligent. Over the past several years, negligence has become theMore information
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE GENERAL ASPECTS OF CRIMINAL LAW I. Introduction to Criminal Law A. Understanding the complexities of criminal law 1. The justice system in the United States has been establishedMore information
OFFICIAL 5 on 5 FOOTBALL PLAY RULES AND PROCEDURES
OFFICIAL 5 on 5 FOOTBALL PLAY RULES AND PROCEDURES Edition Dated: August 6, 2012 Table of Contents FORWARD... 3 PLAYING FIELD... 3 EQUIPMENT... 3 PLAYERS... 3 GAME TIMING... 4 OFFENSE... 4 DEFENSE... 5More information
actus reus + mens rea = CRIME
THE CRIMINAL EQUATION: actus reus + mens rea = CRIME Proof of Offences A person charged with a criminal offence is presumed innocent until that person pleads guilty or is proven guilty in court. The CrownMore information
7 v 7 Handball - Rules
G e o r g e M a s o n U n i v e r s i t y 7 v 7 Handball - Rules Each player must present a valid Mason ID before each contest to be eligible to participate. No ID No Play No Exceptions! Game time is forfeitMore information
Official Xoso Coed 5v5 Flag Football Rules
Honor Code Official Xoso Coed 5v5 Flag Football Rules Xoso Coed Flag Football is played on the honor system. It is important to remind yourself and your teammates that everyone in the league is here toMore information
If You Have Been Charged with a Crime in Florida, Familiarizing Yourself with Your Charges and the Potential Penalties If You are Convicted is the First Step to Making Yourself More Informed, EmpoweredMore information
Self-Defense and Predominant Aggressor Training Materials
Self-Defense and Predominant Aggressor Training Materials Self Defense and Defense of Self; There is a Difference The following materials provide an outline of topics to cover by someone in your communityMore information
FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY POLICE DEPARTMENT Chief David L. Perry
FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY POLICE DEPARTMENT Chief David L. Perry 830 West Jefferson Street 850-644-1234 VICTIMS' RIGHTS BROCHURE YOUR RIGHTS AS A VICTIM OR WITNESS: ------- We realize that for many persons,More information
A Citizen s Guide to the Criminal Justice System: From Arraignment to Appeal
A Citizen s Guide to the Criminal Justice System: From Arraignment to Appeal Presented by the Office of the Richmond County District Attorney Acting District Attorney Daniel L. Master, Jr. 130 StuyvesantMore information
Criminal Justice System Commonly Used Terms & Definitions
Criminal Justice System Commonly Used Terms & Definitions A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Accused: Acquittal: Adjudication: Admissible Evidence: Affidavit: Alford Doctrine: Appeal:More information
Policy Options: Limiting Employer Liability When Hiring Individuals Formerly Incarcerated
Policy Options: Limiting Employer Liability When Hiring Individuals Formerly Incarcerated Employers in Philadelphia require skilled and dedicated workers in order to be successful. Returning citizens (thoseMore information
7. MY RIGHTS IN DEALING WITH CRIMINAL LAW AND THE GARDAÍ 7.1 Victim of a crime What are my rights if I have been the victim of a crime? As a victim of crime, you have the right to report that crime toMore information
*Reference Material For information only* The following was put together by one of our classmates! Good job! Well Done!
From: "We The People for Independent Texas" Subject: No contract - No case. *Reference Material For information only* The following was put together by one of our classmates! Good job! Well Done! CourtsMore information
Adult Plea Negotiation Guidelines
From the office of the Rice County Attorney: Adult Plea Negotiation Guidelines Revision June, 2004 1. These guidelines apply to any adult felony defendant case prosecuted by this office, which is not disposedMore information
Patricia A. DeAngelis District Attorney GETTING TO KNOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AN OFFENSE IS COMMITTED There are three types of offenses that can be committed in New York State: VIOLATION MISDEMEANORMore information
Model Answers to Potential Exam Questions Chapter 9 Damien and his brother Lee went to Kelly s house to collect money she owed them. The brothers were armed with weapons because Kelly s new boyfriend SpikeMore information
YMCA of Central Florida ADULT 7 ON 7 FLAG FOOTBALL RULES
YMCA of Central Florida ADULT 7 ON 7 FLAG FOOTBALL RULES There is absolutely no contact allowed in 7 on 7 Flag Football. Team Requirements *A team shall consist of 7 players. A team must have at leastMore information
In Texas, low-level Assault cases are heard in Justice of the Peace (JP) or municipal courts. These courts will not provide you with a free lawyer, but it is a good idea to bring your own lawyer to court.More information
Soccer Game Rules and Regulations Resolute Athletic Complex, LLC
Soccer Game Rules and Regulations Resolute Athletic Complex, LLC Rules are for Regulation Indoor Field, FIFA Rules will be followed UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED The Team Roster A maximum of 18 players will beMore information
The Court Process. Understanding the criminal justice process
Understanding the criminal justice process Introduction Missouri law establishes certain guarantees to crime victims, including participation in the criminal justice system. Victims can empower themselvesMore information
2015/2016 Soccer League Regulations for The McHenry Athletic Complex
2015/2016 Soccer League Regulations for The McHenry Athletic Complex 1. SNOW POLICY Unless management closes the facility, all games will go on as scheduled. Teams that do not show up are subject to forfeiture.More information
ARREST! What Happens Now?
Personal Injury Wrongful Death Slip & Fall Automobile Accidents Trucking Accidents Motorcycle Accidents Medical Malpractice Criminal Defense You re Under ARREST! What Happens Now? Do NOT Speak to PoliceMore information
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this handbook is to provide answers to some very basic questions that inmates or inmates families might have regarding the processes of the criminal justice system. In no wayMore information
PVSD Flag Football Rules Player Attire Field Dimensions and Markings Scoring Note Timing Two teams at one location!
PVSD Flag Football Rules Player Attire Cleats are allowed, but must be rubber (no metal tips). Players must wear shorts or pants of a solid color, jerseys must be tucked in at all times. Shorts or PantsMore information
Each player must present a Rowan ID card before each contest to be eligible to participate.
6 on 6 Team Handball Rules Each player must present a Rowan ID card before each contest to be eligible to participate. All intramural participants are responsible for their own medical expenses. Any studentMore information
BRYCE A. FETTER ORLANDO JUVENILE CHARGES ATTORNEY People make mistakes, especially young people. Juvenile lawyer Bryce Fetter believes children should get a second chance through rehabilitation ratherMore information
Information for Crime Victims and Witnesses
Office of the Attorney General Information for Crime Victims and Witnesses MARCH 2009 LAWRENCE WASDEN Attorney General Criminal Law Division Special Prosecutions Unit Telephone: (208) 332-3096 Fax: (208)More information
Your Criminal Justice System
Your Criminal Justice System Helpful Information for the Victims and Witnesses of Crime Provided by Kansas Attorney General Derek Schmidt Victims Services Division 120 SW 10th Ave, 2nd Floor Topeka, KSMore information
Decades of Successful Sex Crimes Defense Contact the Innocence Legal Team Now
Criminal Court Felonies The U.S. has the highest rate of felony conviction and imprisonment of any industrialized nation. A felony crime is more serious than a misdemeanor, but the same offense can beMore information
Chapter SECTION OPENER / CLOSER: INSERT BOOK COVER ART. Section 3.1 What Is a Crime?
Chapter 3 SECTION OPENER / CLOSER: INSERT BOOK COVER ART Section 3.1 Chapter 3 What Criminal Is a Crime? Law Section 3.1 Section 3.2 Particular Crimes Why It s Important Learning the essence of criminalMore information
Chapter 15 Criminal Law and Procedures
Chapter 15 Criminal Law and Procedures Chapter Outline 1. Introduction 2. What Is a Crime? 3. Elements of Criminal Liability 4. Types of Crimes 5. Cyber Crime 6. Constitutional Safeguards 7. Criminal ProceduresMore information
D e l Si g n o r e L a w GUIDE TO WHAT TO EXPECT AT A CLERK MAGISTRATE HEARING What you need to know about your Massachusetts clerk magistrate hearing. Authored by Attorneys Michael DelSignore And JulieMore information
RULES OF SUPREME COURT OF VIRGINIA PART THREE A CRIMINAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE APPENDIX Form 6. Suggested Questions to Be Put by the Court to an Accused Who Has Pleaded Guilty (Rule 3A:8). Before acceptingMore information
court. However, without your testimony the defendant might go unpunished.
Office of State Attorney Michael J. Satz VICTIM RIGHTS BROCHURE YOUR RIGHTS AS A VICTIM OR WITNESS: CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS The stages of the criminal justice system are as follows: We realize that forMore information
ASSAULT AND BATTERY ON FAMILY OR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER. The defendant is charged with having committed an assault and
Page 1 Instruction 6.275 Issued March 2015 G.L. c. 265, 13M I. INTENTIONAL ASSAULT AND BATTERY The defendant is charged with having committed an assault and battery on a family or household member, namelyMore information
NOT ACTUAL PROTECTION: ACTUAL INNOCENCE STANDARD FOR CRIMINAL DEFENSE ATTORNEYS IN CALIFORNIA DOES NOT ELIMINATE ACTUAL LAWSUITS AND ACTUAL PAYMENTS By Celeste King, JD and Barrett Breitung, JD* In 1998More information
2014 Chelsea s Law Impact Report A 12-Month Review of San Diego, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and Sacramento Counties
Report Objective 2014 Chelsea s Law Impact Report A 12-Month Review of San Diego, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and Sacramento Counties Each year, Chelsea s Light Foundation prepares an annual ChelseaMore information
JUROR S MANUAL (Prepared by the State Bar of Michigan)
JUROR S MANUAL (Prepared by the State Bar of Michigan) Your Role as a Juror You ve heard the term jury of one s peers. In our country the job of determining the facts and reaching a just decision rests,More information
Adult Indoor Touch Football Rules SEASON RULES
1 Adult Indoor Touch Football Rules General: 2016-17 SEASON RULES PLAYERS MUST BE REGISTERED WITH INDIVIDUAL SIGNED WAIVERS PRIOR TO PLAYING ANY GAMES, OTHERWISE, THEY WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO PLAY. DuringMore information
Understanding Consent to Sexual Activity. Public Legal Education and Information Service of New Brunswick
Understanding Consent to Sexual Activity Public Legal Education and Information Service of New Brunswick NO means NO Understanding Consent to Sexual Activity This pamphlet provides information on whatMore information
HOW A TYPICAL CRIMINAL CASE IS PROSECUTED IN ALASKA The Office of Victims Rights receives many inquiries from victims about how a criminal case in Alaska is investigated by police and then prosecuted byMore information
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D, this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateralMore information
Franklin County State's Attorney Victim Services
Franklin County State's Attorney Victim Services FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS What type of services and information can I get through Victim Services Program? A Victim Advocate will be assigned to assistMore information
Decided: May 11, 2015. S15A0308. McLEAN v. THE STATE. Peter McLean was tried by a DeKalb County jury and convicted of the
In the Supreme Court of Georgia Decided: May 11, 2015 S15A0308. McLEAN v. THE STATE. BLACKWELL, Justice. Peter McLean was tried by a DeKalb County jury and convicted of the murder of LaTonya Jones, anMore information
Delaware Sports League Flag Football Rules
1 Field Delaware Sports League Flag Football Rules A. The field will be 80 yards long from goal line to goal line with the end zones being 10 yards each. B. The field will be divided into four (4) zonesMore information
Courts & Our Legal System
Courts & Our Legal System 2012 (Version 1.0) This booklet has been prepared, published and distributed by the Public Legal Education Association of Saskatchewan (PLEA). The purpose of PLEA and this bookletMore information
S G C. Overarching Principles: Seriousness. Guideline. Sentencing Guidelines Council
S G C Sentencing Guidelines Council Overarching Principles: Seriousness Guideline FOREWORD In accordance with the provisions of section 170(9) Criminal Justice Act 2003, the Sentencing Guidelines CouncilMore information
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL CAMPUS RECREATION INTRAMURAL SPORTS STREET HOCKEY RULES FLOOR The game shall be played on a surface the size on two enclosed basketball courts. GENERAL RULES AllMore information
Question 11 February 2013 Selected Answer 1
Question 11 February 2013 Selected Answer 1 1. Yes, Hospital is liable for Dan's wrongful debt collection under the TDCA. The Texas Debt Collection acts prohibits a specifically enumerated list of specificMore information
2014 ANNUAL REPORT DISTRICT ATTORNEY WASHINGTON COUNTY 2014 Annual Report presented in April 2015 FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES The primary function of the Office of the District Attorney is to prosecuteMore information
PROSECUTORS, KNOW YOUR CRIMINAL DEFENSE LAWYER * George E. Tragos ** Prosecutors for the most part are dedicated and honest public servants. They certainly don't do what they do for the money. They doMore information
BASIC CRIMINAL LAW. Joe Bodiford. Overview of a criminal case Presented by: Board Certified Criminal Trial Lawyer
BASIC CRIMINAL LAW Overview of a criminal case Presented by: Joe Bodiford Board Certified Criminal Trial Lawyer www.floridacriminaldefense.com www.blawgger.com THE FLORIDA CRIMINAL PROCESS Source: http://www.fsu.edu/~crimdo/cj-flowchart.htmlMore information
i9 Sports Official 5 vs. 5 Flag Football Rules
i9 Sports Official 5 vs. 5 Flag Football Rules i9 Sports Flag Football is a popular five-on-five game filled with fun and action. In this game, the offensive team plays for a first down at midfield andMore information
FLAG FOOTBALL RULES. All players must show their UGA ID Card or Government Issued ID before every game in order to participate. NO EXCEPTIONS!
FLAG FOOTBALL RULES Intramural Flag Football shall be governed by the National Intramural Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) Flag and Touch Football rules, with some exceptions. All players must showMore information
David Crum, Esq. Managing Partner New Mexico Legal Group, P.C.
David Crum, Esq. Managing Partner New Mexico Legal Group, P.C. ABOUT THE AUTHOR David Crum, Esq. David Crum is the Managing Partner of New Mexico Legal Group, P.C., an Albuquerque-based criminal defenseMore information
Law 12 Fouls and Misconduct (Part 1 - Fouls)
Law 12 Fouls and Misconduct (Part 1 - Fouls) Topics 2 Fouls Basis requirements for a foul Direct Free Kick Indirect Free kick Careless, reckless, using excessive force Charging an opponent Holding an opponentMore information
Assault Definitive Guideline DEFINITIVE GUIDELINE
Assault Definitive Guideline DEFINITIVE GUIDELINE Assault Definitive Guideline 1 Contents Applicability of guideline 2 Causing grievous bodily harm with intent to do grievous bodily harm/wounding withMore information
INTRODUCTION TO FLAG FOOTBALL What is Flag Football? Flag is a modified version of tackle football and provides participants with the opportunity to develop many of the same skills, tactics and strategiesMore information
Player Information eligible to play on only one intramural soccer team per season. Illegal or Ineligible Penalty: Penalty: poor weather conditions
Soccer Rules The following rules will govern play in Intramural Soccer. Rules not covered below are governed by FIFA (Federation International of Football Association) Rules. I. Player Information A. PlayerMore information
VAVi SPORT & SOCIAL CLUB OFFICIAL 7v7 SOCCER RULES
VAVi SPORT & SOCIAL CLUB OFFICIAL 7v7 SOCCER RULES The following items are PROHIBITED on school and stadium grounds. Strict guidelines have been set by the school s administration so any team caught withMore information
COLLEGE FOOTBALL OFFICIATING, LLC 2016 NEW APPROVED RULINGS The following are the new Approved Rulings that will appear in the 2016-2017 rule book. Illegal Equipment ARTICLE 7 Approved Ruling 1-4-7 V.More information
PLEADING YOUR LICENSE AWAY By Ralph B. Saltsman with Stephen Warren Solomon and Stephen A. Jamieson File this scenario under Just when you think your troubles are over. You accidentally place a bunch ofMore information


text:
This year's Oscar nominations produced as many surprise nominations as anticipated celebrations. In fact, this will likely prove to be one of the strangest years for the Academy Awards, especially since there are at least three major categories that might turn out to be close races between two exceptional candidates in each pool. With only one month until the big event, let's analyze each of the eight major categories to determine the potential outcome of the 85th Academy Awards.
Best Picture: What a clusterfuck. No, but really. Back in 2009 after "The Dark Knight" was robbed of a deserved nomination for Best Picture, the Academy decided to expand the category to 10 nominations, which was just plain stupid. Every year since it has let in one or two subpar films that makes everyone wonder what the hell voters were thinking. This year, any film that received at least five percent of the votes for Best Picture was nominated. So instead of 10, this year we have nine. And even without "The Master" making the cut, "Les Misérables" was still nominated! What a travesty of a film. As someone who immensely respects and admires the stage version, Hollywood completely butchered this. That's right, I'm calling "Les Misérables" this year's "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close." Sue me. All right, back to the real discussion. There's no contest in this category, unfortunately. "Argo" will take the cake. It's won every major award thus far, and the Academy won't be backing down on the general consensus this year. If I were there, I'd vote for either "Zero Dark Thirty" or "Silver Linings Playbook," with a slight leaning towards the latter. But Hollywood rarely ever lets a comedy win, so there goes that hope.
Best Director: The big surprise, of course, was the lack of a nomination for Ben Affleck, who has won just about every major directing award of the season thus far. Add Paul Thomas Anderson and Kathryn Bigelow to the list of those who didn't make the cut. The most likely candidate is Steven Spielberg for "Lincoln." And while Spielberg is certainly a fine choice, it would be nice to see some fresh blood in the category. My choice for most likely to win would be David O. Russell, but the obvious personal favorite would be Wesleyan's Benh Zeitlin '04 for the imaginative "Beasts of the Southern Wild." That said, put your money on Spielberg for his third Oscar.
Best Actor: This one is the most clear cut choice. Daniel Day-Lewis has been the fan favorite since the original news broke that he was cast. He was destined to win his third Oscar for his portrayal of the former President. The only close call would be Joaquin Phoenix for "The Master," but since he publicly criticized the entire concept of awards in Hollywood, no one would dare give him this one. Expect Day-Lewis' record-setting third.
Best Actress: Here we are presented with a much more interesting category. For most of the early season, Jessica Chastain seemed to have the award locked down. But once more buzz began circulating for "Silver Linings Playbook," Jennifer Lawrence emerged as the new likely victor, taking both the Golden Globe and the Screen Actor's Guild. This one could realistically go either way, and while my gut screams Lawrence, something tells me the Oscars will straighten out with their original decision and give it to the more seasoned of the two. Lawrence has plenty of years to come and will likely receive more nominations in the near future.
Best Supporting Actor: Another close call, but Tommy Lee Jones will likely push ahead to take the prize come awards night. It's been a close race between him and Christoph Waltz up until now, but the real contender who should be getting more attention is Philip Seymour Hoffman for "The Master." It'd really be nice to see this gorgeous film receive an award, especially since it was robbed of Best Picture and Cinematography. The only way that would happen is if Jones and Waltz split the votes, but it'll likely just go to the "Lincoln" cast member instead.
Best Supporting Actress: While "Les Miserables" was a trainwreck of a film, it did get one thing right: Anne Hathaway. That single take of her crying herself to death while singing "I Dreamed A Dream" screams Oscar gold and really does elevate Hathaway above every other contender. Sally Field is possible but not that likely at this point. And her performance was a bit overrated, don't you think?
Best Original Screenplay: Not a film I was particularly fond of, but "Django Unchained" did have some merits. One being the script by Quentin Tarantino, who always manages to shine the most in his writing and directing. The only main competition comes from Mark Boal's "Zero Dark Thirty," but all the politics surrounding the film make it seem less than likely. Expect Django's only major award to go to its writing.
Best Adapted Screenplay: While "Argo" appears to have an advantage due to its high chances at taking Best Picture, "Lincoln" is more likely to take the award for two main reasons. One being that, since it won't win Picture, another major award will go to the biopic as a consolation for the loss. The second being that playwright Tony Kushner is already such a big name in the theater world that he will have the support of all the writers who have praised and idolized his work for years.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Home >> Home & Garden >> Home Improvement & Tools >> Handle Tools >> Hammers >> Replacement 8" Drill Press Quill Feed Return Coil Spring 3.5cm Dia
|Product Name
|Drill Press Quill
|Fit for
|8" Drill Presses
|Total Size
3.5 x 0.8cm / 1.4" x 0.3"(D*H)
|Dark Gray
|Net Weight
|Package Content
|1 x Drill Press Quill
- The drill press quill return spring is good replacement for many existing quill spring on drill presses, this is metal spring that returns the quill to the top after you have completed drilling.
- Used to all kinds of vacuum cleaner coil spring, volume tube coil spring, belt coil spring.
Other Choice (in stock)
- Nonslip Handle Double Head Rubber Mallet Hammer Hand Tool...
- $9.41
- Free Shipping
- Black Yellow Home Hand Tool 2.3cm Head Dia 22cm Long Rubber...
- $8.98
- Free Shipping
- 6cm Diameter Black Rubber Head Silver Tone Metal Mallet...
- $17.77
- Free Shipping
- Plastic Coated Handle Replaceable Double Head Rubber Hammer...
- $9.65
- Free Shipping
- 3 Pcs 10mm Hole Push In Tube Quick Connect Fitting...
- $4.82
- Free Shipping
- Replacement Metal Impactor Black Silver Tone for Makita...
- $9.65
- Free Shipping


text:
July 22, 2015
(This is part of a 365 project during my 70th year where I write and illustrate a blog on each day's gift.)
There's something in me that wants to know a name—of a person, a plant, a town. It doesn't mean that I will remember but I want to know that there is a name. I wonder why. Does that make it more real? More tangible? Does it become more beautiful if it has a name?
Today at Downs Park, I watched dragonflies, butterflies and moths flit about and land here and there in the pond area. Out of the corner of my eye, at the same time I heard a "blup" and "splash." I'm pretty sure that a dragonfly I had photographed just two minutes before had mistakenly landed on the snout of a snapping turtle, barely out of the water. The beautiful dragonfly with turquoise compound eyes had disappeared in a snap.
I did not capture a photo of this but I did get images of a moth on a beautiful pink flower. I remember vaguely from high school botany class that flowers have parts that are named: stamen, anther, filament, stigma, pistil. This wildflower had many pink filaments shooting out and attracted some brown moths that I cannot identify.
I posted a photo of the flower on Facebook, afraid that I would not sleep until I learned the name of this wildflower. One person finally nailed it. It is a waterwillow or swamp loosestrife, found in wetlands all along the east coast.
Now another mystery. I wonder how this plant got its name?
My gift today is one mystery solved.
You can find links to my other posts on this project here:


text: I am going to be doing some confit and want to reuse the fat. So the question is this. How many times can the fat be reheated and used is there a limit? Should I freeze it or is it ok to keep in the fridge. Will it make a difference if it is frozen and defrosted. I know with other foods this should not be done but was not sure with fat.


text:
Contributor Page
Moore & Van Allen
Contact DetailsTel: +1 704 331 3596
Fax: +1 704 339 5896
100 North Tryon Street
Suite 4700
United States
Suite 4700
United States
United States: Congressional Overhaul Of Class Action Procedure Pending Senate Consideration {May 2017}
By Tony Lathrop
As class action litigation has continued to proliferate, we have seen efforts to rein in the perceived abuses of the system on multiple fronts.
By Karin McGinnis
New Mexico also joins a handful of states that protect biometric information as personal information.
United States: D.R. Horton Déjŕ Vu: Will NLRB Be Forced To Respect Class Action Waivers For Employers Doing Business In 5th Circuit? {Oct 2015}
By Tony Lathrop
In D.R. Horton (2012), the NLRB invalidated class action waivers in individual employment agreements on the grounds that such waivers interfere with an employee's rights to collective action...
Contributor's Topics


text:
USAA Real Estate Co. and Square Mile Capital Management LLC have joined forces, with USAA making a strategic investment in Square Mile. The amount of the investment was not disclosed.
Led by founders Jeffrey B. Citrin and Craig H. Solomon, who will retain a majority interest and continue to oversee day-to-day operations, Square Mile is an opportunistic real estate investor with a specialty in distressed and high-yield debt, recapitalizations and undervalued equity situations. Since launching in 2006, the firm has deployed nearly $2 billion of equity; committed to three discretionary funds on behalf of a prominent roster of institutional and private clients.
"USAA Real Estate Company continues to diversify its assets, and by investing in the Square Mile platform, we hope to broaden the investment opportunities we can offer our clients," USAA Real Estate Company Chairman and CEO Pat Duncan said in a statement. "Mr. Citrin and Mr. Solomon offer extensive investment expertise in the North American real estate and financial markets, and we look forward to working with them to expand the platform they have built."
"USAA Real Estate Company is a subsidiary of one of the nation's strongest and most admired financial institutions," Square Mile Managing Principal Craig Solomon said in a statement. "We have known and have been admirers of USAA Real Estate's leadership for a number of years, so we were delighted when they approached us with an interest in forming a strategic relationship that will enhance the long-term growth objectives of our firm."
"While we have made great strides as a firm in recent years, our platform's alliance with USAA Real Estate Company will help us to open new doors and provide us with even more firepower in the marketplace, while enabling Square Mile to remain nimble and decisive in our decision-making," Square Mile Managing Principal Jeff Citrin said in a statement.


text:
It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
(CBS/AP) DENVER - Two men and a woman -- siblings who were being sought for crimes in Florida and Georgia -- have been captured in Colorado, the FBI confirmed Wednesday.


text:
Once you've deployed the website, you'll see that website performance may vary a lot depending on many known and unknown factors. They can be caused by both external (such as bot traffic, daily visits spikes, membership providers (CRM, AD) performance) and internal (different Sitecore jobs, scheduled tasks, automations, etc.) factors.
How do you know how the website performs? It's not something that you'll find in Sitecore logs, and it's not one hundred percent clear from IIS logs either.
Regarding the last part - IIS logs are actually incredibly useful for monitoring, as they contain information about every single request made to the website. So in this blog post, I'll show how to make them easy to read and useful for both monitoring and issue troubleshooting.
There are some awesome tools like AppDynamics and NewRelic which I also suggest to check out, but here I'll start with describing what you can get for free and scale without limits :)
First thing you should do is download:
ElasticSearch will be used as a main storage for the log files. It can scale-out automatically and handle terabytes of data in case you have lots of servers and want to keep the history forever.
Kibana is a tool which visualizes any information which was put into ElasticSearch.
LogStash - it can parse almost any kind of log messages into and save it as a document in ElasticSearch with strongly-typed field.
I won't go deep into the installation process, as there are many guides about it, here's the sample video about it: http://www.elasticsearch.org/videos/kibana-logstash/.
After you setup Kibana to visualize the log files, the default dashboard will probably look like this:
You can create your own dashboards using the snippets below:
1) All requests that took more than 5 seconds to process:
time-taken:[5000 TO *]
2) And were processed by the server with hostname "WEB6D1"
AND server:"WEB4D1"
3) Came from specific IP address
AND clientip:"18.104.22.168"
4) Let's show only POST requests to all pages that contain the word "Request" in their name:
AND method:"POST" AND path:"*Request.aspx*"
What else you can do? How about visualizing Email Campaign Manager (ECM) "Message Opened" events?
It works using standard Lucene syntax (ElasticSearch is based on Lucene internally). Here are some more visual examples.
1. Want to know if there are any bots crawling the website right now? Facet the user agent field:
2. Similar facets block can be useful to see the most requested pages (or resources):
3. You can even show all the request at the world map, and it can be either all requests, or the ones you've filtered earlier, for example only ECM "Message Opened" events across the world:
One more nice benefit of using ElasticSearch/Kibana is that you can put any data there, and compare it side by side. Want to know whether you server slows down when your CRM is unresponsive - just plot response times for both at the same chart and you'll see it:
There is so much stuff you can do with it, that I could spend hours describing it, you can event calculate APDEX for your websites with Kibana:
I actually wanted to talk about this stuff at Sitecore Symposium, but unfortunately, my talk proposal wasn't approved.
If you have any question regarding the setup - just let me know and I'll be glad to help to make it work for your Sitecore website. It's an awesome set of tools, it saved me days(maybe even weeks) of my time, it scales, and it's been running in production for several months already :)


text:
Effortlez is a coach-consultancy firm which is combining Quantum Physics with the Practice of Meditation to support entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial environment with implementing self-awareness into the business development and the daily working flow to relief the high levels of stress.
Our vision is to create a new approach in business development which decrease stress and fear in being entrepreneur and increase the amount of international businesses that are created through a deeper alignment and higher awareness within the individual entrepreneur.
Our mission is to implement methods in Quantum Physics combined with the Practice of Meditation into the life of entrepreneurs and within entrepreneurial environments.
Effortlez is a result of a personal journey. As an eight year-old, Freja Gro, had her earliest life reflections in the middle of a family crises which created a deep desire to discovering true happiness. The age of fourteen she experiences the first real depression and she got the first introduction to meditation. Through the years, she dealt with diverse life challenges as depressions, sugar addiction, accidents, stress and death anxiety. As a child, growing up in a scientific family, she developed a deep interest in science, biology, physiology, anatomy, astrology and psychology, which first much later made sense to develop that understanding.
September 2016 in Uganda, she hit her head into a television and was sick with concussion for three months sick. After realizing years of suffering through years not being true to herself. Enough was enough. Freja was tired and done with that lifestyle. Shortly after she finally saw the bigger picture of the journey and discovered her life purpose what truly made sense.
Next following months I understood how the theory and practice could be combined and how it could create and have a huge impact in entrepreneurial environments worldwide. After that realization, there was no time to waste and suddenly Effortlez was born.


text:
gst Said:
First off I will admit straight up I have not watched the Maher film on religion. Do not have much time for either his or Moores self serving "documentaries" . Nor am I what I would consider an extremely "religious" person, but I have a very strong "faith". This faith is not a result of religious "preaching", but by watching some people actually live their lives.
I am curious from those that have watched Mahers film if their was any interpretation or examples of religion from those quiet majority involved in religion that are not "nut jobs"????
We all know the fire and brimstone religion fanatics, but we also know the quiet, humble, put others first people who have devoted their life to THEIR interpretations of the religion they practice that are UNQUESTIONABLY a positie to society and the people they impact.
I find often times it seems the driveby, often times left wing, condemnation of religion as a whole is often times somewhat selfserving and self excusing in nature.Indeed just as in any and all segments of life, religion has those who will use it for selfserving purposes, as will those condemning it.
I don't recall seeing any fanatics of any religion. There are some players in the mass-media side of religion that Maher players like a fiddle, but for the most part, he visits normal people to talk with them about religion. Hell, he even went to a church at a truck stop that held services in the back of a 18 wheeler! That was good stuff.
I'm not trying to change anyone's opinion on the matter, i'm in no way deticated enough, nor do I care enough what other people belive. To each their own. I just thought it was a good opportunity to pass on some good information, because I myself have been on a never ending search for info on this matter for the past 1/4 year.


text:
Sorry, an error was encountered while loading comparison.
Sorry, an error was encountered while loading the book.
Sorry, you don't have permission to view that book.
No matches.
Sorry, an error was encountered while loading part of the book.
An error occurred while marking the devotional as read.
An error occurred while accessing favorites
Sign in with your Logos.com account
or Create A Free Account
You have not started any reading plans.
Sign in or register for a free account to set your preferred Bible and rate books.
Add this verse to your website by copying the code below.
9 Then Abishai the son of Zeruiah said to the king, "Why should this adead dog bcurse my lord the king? Let me go over and take off his head."
Read More
Free Course
Learn to Study the Bible
This account already exists.
Did you forget your password?
There was an error while trying to create your account. Please try again soon.
Sign in with your Logos.com account
2 Sa 9:8 1 Sa 24:14 2 Sa 3:8
Ex 22:28


text:
Men can be Cinderella too! Hip Hop purist will love this next project from Regina King who is turning Cinderella into a Cinderfella with legendary Brooklyn rapper Dana Dane.
Remember the classic hip hop song "Cinderfella" by Dana Dane? Continue reading Regina King Providing Equal Opportunity For Fellas With Hip Hopera Cinderfella


text:
By BILLY ROESELER
Special to the News
Kiteboard racing is, in some ways, a microcosm of the more general area of flight vehicle development. Take, for example, the Ford Gorge Games Blowout, a yearly downwind endurance contest along 17 miles of the awesome Columbia River Gorge, where wind gusts typically exceed 40 knots and opposing wind and water currents set up steep waves.
In the early 1980s, a small fleet of catamarans invented the Blowout, but most were destroyed by the river and ended up trailering to the start to lick their wounds. The only rule was that you finish with the same boat you started. Swapping rigs or boards mid-race was not permitted, although conditions often change dramatically from one part of the course to another. During the 1980s the average sailing speeds increased from 10 to 20 knots, as sailboards and athletes enjoyed unregulated development.
In 1988, Blowout history was rewritten when the first kite boat finished in a time of 80 minutes, in the middle of a fleet of nearly 200 starters and 100 finishers. This revolutionary flight vehicle was able to handle the big gusts and windblown spray, kissing the wave tops to keep power in her 10 square meter stack of ram air kites some 200 feet overhead. The planning surface provided by a pair of honeycomb core "jumper" waterskis proved fast and stable in the demanding conditions at the interface between wind and water.
Our first victory came in 1989, when my son, Cory, started two minutes late, then carved through the fleet and arrived first at the Hood River Marina. The first windsurfing finisher took home the $4,500 and the Yamaha Wave Runner for first prize.
Race rules by that time had changed, making the kiteskier an "unofficial" entrant. The sailboard industry was technically interested in the new way of sailing, but the politics and regulation of the governing body were set up to protect the interests of the pro windsurfers and would not allow prize money to be distributed to a maverick kiteboarder who had invented a better way to sail.
In 1993 there were several kiteboards in the race, but none expected any prize money. Cory won again, in a new record time on a production Kiteski, one of two pioneering commercial entries in the new kiteboard industry. He repeated this effort in 2001, setting the current course record at just over 47 minutes, 12 minutes ahead of Dale Cook, who had by then become the fastest boardsailor.
By that time, some of the prominent board sailors had switched to kites, mostly derived from the French Wipika design, and there was a small cash prize for the top kiteboard. But the 50 or so windsurfers still outnumbered the kites five to one. Innovation in the kite industry was very rapid, driven by a thousand test pilots with close to a million hours of flight-testing by the summer of 2002. This time the prize money and rules were equal for men and women, equal for kiteboards and sailboards.
But the regulatory forces were still present, now placing new rules on the start and finish so that prizes could be awarded to the technical finishers, not necessarily to the fastest sailors on the water.
Boards still outnumbered kites by nearly three to one. Thanks to substantial prizes from Ford and the other Gorge Games sponsors, 140 of the fastest sailors in the world were on hand to take on the mighty Columbia River.
History was once again rewritten, as 21 kites, including Renee Hanks and Julie Prochaska, had finished by the time the second sailboard, last year's champion, crossed the finish line at 112 minutes.
The highly variable winds and waves took a heavy toll on kites and boards alike, and less than half of the fleet had finished within the three hour time limit. Kites outnumbered boards at the finish by nearly two to one. The new 14 square meter Gaastra kite gave Cory the fastest time by over five minutes, but the confusing marks at the finish cost him the first-place prize money.
Government has regulated and controlled aerospace to the point where free innovation is nearly impossible. Much of this regulation in the name of safety is actually designed to keep corporate America in business while making the price of admission prohibitive for all but the best-funded startups.
It's nearly impossible for startups with less than a couple million in venture capital to get into aerospace. Kiteboarding, on the other hand, still presents opportunities for free innovation, and I applaud the kite sailors, engineers and designers who are feeding new life into these awesome flight vehicles.
The Airush team with Erin Sales on his hydrofoil show great potential, not only for the popular freestyle competition, but also for course racing and slalom, where the industry is sure to go in the years ahead.
Overt or de facto regulation has always stifled innovation, but somehow the better ideas always seem to win in the end. Sometimes it just takes a little longer.
Billy Roeseler is an aerospace engineer at Boeing. After playing key roles on the 747 and 767 during the 1960s and 1970s, he spent 20 years on military programs prior to his current assignment on a development team for the 200-passenger Sonic Cruiser. He lives in Kirkland, Wash.
Comments are subject to moderator review and may not appear immediately on the site. A user's first several comments must be manually approved by a moderator.
Please read our commenting policy before posting.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.
Information from the News and our advertisers (Want to add your business to this to this feed?)


text:
Submit your manuscript TODAY!
Halo is dedicated to serving authors around the world and providing the highest level of professional publishing services. Our offices in the United States and Mexico specialize in designing, producing, publishing, and marketing books for independent authors.
Erma Note
Tiffany Parres-Gold
Mo Kasti
Cynthia Ransom
"Writing a book is one of the most significant steps a human can make in life."
-Lisa M. Umina, Publisher & Award-Winning author
Don't just take it from us, let our authors do the talking!
Our experienced book marketing team provides one-on-one marketing consultations to guide you through strategic marketing campaigns to help you maximize the impact you and your book make on your audience. Our customized marketing services are designed to suit each author's goals, budget, and marketing objectives.
Click here to see the details
Global Distribution
©2018 Halo Publishing International
Make your payment