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2 CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE /COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES COURSE 2 22 June 2000 CANADIAN FORCES EXECUTIVE SUCCESSION PLANNING: A DELIBERATE, CAREER-LONG PROCESS By/par Commodore Jacques J. Gauvin Canadian Navy This paper was written by a student attending the Canadian Forces College in fulfillment of one of the communication skill requirements of the Course of Studies. The paper is a scholastic document, and thus contains facts and opinions which the author alone considered appropriate and correct for the subject. It does not necessarily reflect the policy or the opinion of any agency, including the Government of Canada and the Canadian Department of National Defence. This paper may not be released, quoted or copied except with the express permission of the Canadian Department of National Defence. La présente étude a été rédigée par un stagiaire du Collège des Forces canadiennes pour satisfaire à l une des exigences du cours. L étude est un document qui se rapporte au cours et contient donc des faits et des opinions que seul l auteur considère appropriés et convenables au sujet. Elle ne reflète pas nécessairement la politique ou l opinion d un organisme quelconque, y compris le gouvernement du Canada et le ministère de la Défense nationale du Canada. Il est défendu de diffuser, de citer ou de reproduire cette étude sans la permission expresse du ministère de la Défense nationale. 1
3 CANADIAN FORCES EXECUTIVE SUCCESSION PLANNING: A DELIBERATE, CAREER-LONG PROCESS The development of our successors and future leaders is a responsibility to which I attach utmost importance. I require the same from each and every one of you. 1 VAdm G.R. Maddison From now on, choosing my successor is the most important decision I ll make. It occupies a considerable amount of thought almost every day. 2 Jack Welch, CEO, GE Introduction When one thinks of Defence, one is often tempted to think of tanks, aircraft and ships. Yet people represent approximately 45% of the 2000 Defence budget, 3 and thus 45% of the country s investment in capability and security. Clearly, our people represent one of our major strengths. Our workforce is highly committed, highly skilled, relatively well educated and structured to deliver. People and their intellectual capital are Defence s value added. They are our future. It is therefore important that we identify, attract, recruit, develop and retain talented people for service at all levels and ranks of the Canadian Forces (CF). The right people with the right skills in the right job at the right time. It is equally vital that the senior/executive leadership 1 VAdm G.R. Maddison, The Responsibilities of Naval Leaders in Junior Officer Development, (NDHQ, MARC: (DGNP), 1 February 1999). 2 Jack Welch, CEO, General Electric. Quote from 1991 speech. 3 DND website. 2
4 of the CF also comprise the right person with the right skills at the right time if the enormous potential and capabilities of the CF are to be properly focussed and brought to bear in the execution of its defence mandate. But is this always the case? Budget (capitalization) issues aside, it is my belief that the most significant organizational issue facing the CF relates to leadership. Justified or not, Defence s military leadership has come under heavy and constant scrutiny and criticism since the Somalia incident of Criticism of senior/executive leadership has focussed on a variety of issues from unofficial sanctioning (through inaction) of hazing/initiation rituals and sexual harassment to senior officer misconduct, to allegations of cover up activity surrounding the Somalia affair and personnel health and leadership issues in Croatia. The post Cold War senior/executive leadership has been further accused of lacking vision and coherence, as failing to accept responsibility, and being overly reactive. Far too often, it seems that wherever one sits in the hierarchy, all the problems besetting the organization in terms of its management and leadership comes from higher up the ladder. Is this so? Do we have the right people in the senior/executive positions of the CF and more importantly, have they been adequately prepared to provide the necessary vision, guidance and leadership in these clearly different times? While this perspective may be overly critical and unfair, it is nevertheless a perspective put forth by the media and is therefore unfortunately accepted as true by a proportion of the public at large and a number of military subordinates as well. It is not my intent to prove or disprove the adequacy of the senior/executive leadership of the CF. I do however believe that tomorrow s strategic level leaders must be better prepared for their duties within the very challenging and demanding confines that is National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) and the nation s capital in a broader, government-wide context. This paper therefore proposes that a more comprehensive and structured career development plan for senior officers supported by adequate succession management and planning, will enhance the overall quality of senior/ executive leadership in the CF. 3
5 SUCCESSION PLANNING The Challenges of Succession Succession refers to the process within an organization associated with the required movement of personnel to replace departing personnel. These departures can be either due to planned or unplanned events. An important aspect of human resource planning and development is the preparation of a succession design for the key positions in an organization. 4 Succession planning therefore, is a dynamic, on-going process of systematically identifying, assessing, and developing leadership talent for future strategic requirements. The maintenance of personnel stability, particularly in key positions, is generally desired throughout the upper management levels of government and industry. Such stability allows for the development of, and movement towards, long-term objectives by a leadership/management team in a cohesive and structured manner. Ideally, they will have participated in the formulation of the long-term vision, and will stay in place to provide the strategic leadership and direction necessary to see the vision/objectives/etc through to fruition. Assuming the right people with the right skill sets are in place, personnel stability, particularly at the highest levels, is generally a desired objective. Such stability however, is generally not possible within the CF. Short tenure, rapid turnover and relatively early retirement typify military careers and add unique challenges to a succession process that in contrast, seeks longer term stability, more development opportunities and career broadening experiences with which to prepare the senior/executive leadership of the CF. This situation has been further exacerbated within the CF as the depth of the selection pool for the highest positions of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and the Level 1 managers, the Vice CDS (VCDS), Deputy CDS (DCDS), and the Army, Navy & Air Force Environmental Chiefs of Staff (ECS s), is very limited. A General/Flag officer cadre of 124 in 1988 has shrunk to 66 in 1998 (47% reduction) as a result of post-cold War reductions in effective strength and 4 Kalburgi M. Srinivas, Human Resource Management: Contemporary Perspectives in Canada (Toronto, Ont: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, 1984), p
6 reorganization efforts. Similarly, the Colonel/Captain(N) effective strength was reduced from 362 to 255 (30% reduction) over the same period. 5 While succession planning is not unique to the military, military succession planning is very different than its industry counterpart. While planned departures and successions are clearly preferred; there must nevertheless be sufficient depth and breadth of experience at all organizational levels if the negative impacts of succession are to be minimized. These impacts will vary but will almost always result in a degree of lost productivity, (due to in-briefing and back-briefing requirements) the extent of which will depend on the successor s background, experience and familiarity with his/her new responsibilities. Furthermore, short to medium term productivity can be seriously affected if a change in leadership is also accompanied with a change in direction, focus or major review initiated or requested by the successor. Finally, succession can have tremendously negative impacts if the successor is not the right person with the right skills for the time. Succession does not of course only have negative attributes. On the positive side, succession has the potential to provide an infusion of fresh talent, vigor and ideas into a potentially stale or stagnant leadership cadre. Likewise, succession provides strong motivational, and therefore performance incentives to the subordinate hierarchy under the executive levels who aspire to the senior executive/leadership positions within the CF. The aim is to have a succession process in place that will maximize the benefits of succession while mitigating any negative impacts. The Role of Succession Planning in Strategic Human Resource Management As previously stated, downsizing and early retirements encouraged in the post-cold War Force Reduction Programmes (FRP) of the early 90 s, HQ reorganizations, and subsequent lean hierarchies have depleted the once deep pool of senior officers traditionally nurtured to produce the next generation of senior/executive leaders. With a shallower pool of senior officers from whom to select the successive cadre of senior/executive leaders, the importance of a succession 5 ADM HR (MIL)/DSA homepage. 5
7 process to maximize the preparation and suitability of a maximum number of these officers, becomes paramount. Modern organizations must develop pools of highly talented people from which they can choose candidates for specific leadership positions. 6 In his article Grooming Next Millennium Leaders, William Byham argues the difference between succession planning and succession management. He states that succession planning is a fairly dated concept that focussed on defining and identifying successors for a specific job. He believes this was a useful approach when jobs were static and people moved through them on relatively well defined career paths. Arguably, this is still the approach used in the CF. He further states that in today s world, organizational structures are more dynamic and flatter than in the past and therefore more lateral movement occurs. In such an environment, organizations should focus on developing pools of highly talented people from which candidates for specific positions can be chosen. This process he labels as succession management, the process that focuses on creating and stocking pools of candidates with high leadership potential. He emphasizes that succession management must go beyond the act of identifying potential successors, it must ensure that planned training and development occurs in order to provide a pool of qualified candidates,... in essence, build pools, not queues. In his article Hallmarks of Effective Succession Planning, Randall Cheloha tends to agree with Byham by making the point that his two succession-related processes are not the same either. It his belief that succession planning is about preparing an individual to assume the preeminent position within an organization, while management development is about developing leadership capability broadly across an organization. Effective succession planning is the culmination of effective management development. 7 Although Cheloha s article is written in a strictly business context, it is clear that he believes that succession at the highest level is about leadership. It is apparent therefore that regardless of the different nuances between 6 William C. Byham, Grooming Next-Millennium Leaders, (Human Resources Magazine, February 1999), p. 2 of Randall S. Cheloha, Hallmarks of Effective Succession Planning, (MMC Viewpoint Magazine, Number 2, 1999), p.3 of
8 these authors, there is consensus in that succession planning, succession management and management development, all recognize the importance of organizational leadership capability. Strategic Level Leadership Fundamental to successful succession planning therefore is the articulation of the type of strategic leadership desired for the organization. In the CF context it is clear that to succeed at the strategic level, one would previously have demonstrated tactical and operational level leadership capability. However, in addition to possessing these qualities, today s strategic level leader must be able to flourish in an environment that is defined through downsizing, reengineering, decimated organizational and staff levels and broadened spans of control. 8 The strategic level leader must provide vision, develop strategic direction, monitor results, and adjust as necessary. He/she must have functional expertise, core values, high ethical values, and must operate as a coach, mentor or facilitator as required. He/she will have to understand the intricacies of governance, international relations and the roles of different actors (international, governmental, non-governmental). 9 Strategic level leadership qualities include positive responses to the following questions. Can this individual shoulder more broad and senior responsibilities? Does this individual have the impact and presence this organization needs? Does this individual have the intellectual capacity to deal with the complexity of the challenges the organization faces? Can he/she work collaboratively at the ADM and Deputy Minister level and garnish the requisite commitment and focused effort of the Level 1 managers? It is important to emphasize that command and leadership success at the tactical or operational level does not automatically translate into strategic level command success. Experience and understanding in the mechanisms of government and how it works are vital to success at the strategic level and in particular for the CDS. In order to develop the expertise to succeed in this environment, potential CDS candidates need developmental positions at multiple 8 Robert J. Grossman, Heirs Unapparent. (Human Resources Magazine, February 1999), p.5 of Captain(N) A. Okros, Into the 21rst Century: Strategic HR Issues, p. 11 of
9 levels within NDHQ. Future CDS s therefore must move from tactical and operational level command tours into the NDHQ environment at every opportunity. This was also identified in recommendation 30 of the Minister s Monitoring Committee on Change, which stated, Provide officers with the potential for promotion to senior ranks with appropriate exposure to the integrated national headquarters early in their careers. 10 For future strategic level leaders, NDHQ experience in resource management and policy development in particular will be most useful. The Succession Process Top management must be involved with and support the succession planning process. Succession planning must be owned by line management and guided by Human Resource (HR) specialists not owned by HR. In the CF context, human resource management/succession planning is the joint responsibility of line managers (CDS & ECS s) and human resource specialists (ADM HR Mil/Civ). For the human dimension to be taken into consideration on a consistent and continual basis in the organization s strategic and operational decisions, effective communication linkage must be present at the various levels and between levels in the organization. This is particularly important between line managers and human resource specialists. 11 The readings on this topic offer a selection of opinions on the components to a successful succession process. The following three provide variations on a similar theme. Cheloha s article is the least developed. He suggests that the process is limited to: 12 defining the desired leadership capability; 10 The Honourable John A. Fraser, Minister s Monitoring Committee on Change in the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces: Final Report (Report to the Minister of National Defence. Ottawa, ON: December1999), p Kalburgi M. Srinivas, Human Resource Management: Contemporary Perspectives in Canada (Toronto, Ont: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, 1984), p Randall S. Cheloha, Hallmarks of Effective Succession Planning, (MMC Viewpoint Magazine, Number 2, 1999), p.3-4 of
10 assessing potential successors as leaders; and producing development plans for successor candidates that highlight strengths and work on weaknesses. Amanda Kaufmann, in her article Good Planning Smooths the Way provides a modest improvement on Cheloha. She suggests that the process involves: 13 outlining employees predominant skill sets; providing the mechanisms to develop skill sets that are lacking; forecasting the succession needs of the organization; and communicating to all the skills that are required. In contrast, Byham s proposal for succession management is more detailed than the previous two and therefore more useful. It recommends: 14 determining the extent of an organization s pending leadership shortage; identifying needed executive competencies based on the organization s future needs, values and strategies; identifying high-potential individuals for possible inclusion in a pool; assessing these individuals to identify strengths and skills gaps and to determine who will be in the high potential pool; establishing an individually tailored development program for each high-potential candidate that includes training, job rotation, special assignments and mentoring by older senior executives; selecting and placing people into senior jobs based on their job performance, their experience and assessment of their potential for a specific job; and continuous monitoring of the system and top management support. 13 Amanda J.S. Kaufmann, Good Planning Smooths the Way, (InfoWorld Magazine: March 16, 1998), p. 1-2 of William C. Byham, Grooming Next-Millennium Leaders, (Human Resources Magazine, February 1999), p. 2 of
11 SUCCESSION PLANNING WHERE ARE WE TODAY? Review of the Senior/Executive Succession Process in the CF Prior to 1997, senior/executive level succession planning in the CF consisted of a yearly round table discussion chaired by the CDS and an ad hoc group of officers to discuss and consider the merits of subordinates for promotion and/or postings as necessary to satisfy the summer posting/retirement requirements. This was a very closed, limited-visibility, good-oldboy network, activity. 15 A more structured succession planning process commenced to take shape in 1997 when the first General/Flag officer Merit Boards were convened to establish merit lists within the respective senior/executive ranks. The Director Senior Appointments (DSA) within Assistant Deputy Minister Human Resources Military (ADM HR (Mil)) is a central coordination figure in the career management of Col/Capt(N) s and above. DSA maintains tracking matrix s and qualification tables on all senior officers. Amongst other things, these tools are used to identify retirement age, language proficiency levels, education levels and professional development training. This information plus the individual officer s Personnel Evaluation Report (PER) file will be reviewed during the respective Merit Boards in order to create a merit list for promotion purposes. As secretary to the General/Flag officer merit boards and in coordination with ECS representatives, DSA will propose a senior officer plot for consideration by the ECS s and the CDS that will attempt to look two postings into the future for each officer. Proposed promotions/postings are subsequently submitted by the CDS to the Minister of National Defence (MND) for approval in the form of a yearly Promotions and Senior Appointments plot. Prior to the recent (post-somalia) spate of negative CF discipline and leadership related incidents; the Minister largely accepted the recommendations of the CDS without much Ministerial review. A succession of post-cold War incidents however that cast a negative shadow on the senior/executive leadership of the CF has invited more and more scrutiny and active participation by the Minister s office into the CDS s proposed succession plans. Indeed, 15 Discussion with Director Senior Appointments, 2 June
12 one could conclude that the Minister may have lost confidence in the present senior/executive officers ability to plan their own succession. Unlike in the business community, the CDS (as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the CF) 16 appears to have a reduced influence in the succession planning process. The CF authority, when it comes to succession decisions (even at levels well below the CDS), is now clearly the MND and not the CDS. The CDS s role is limited to nominating suitable succession candidates for the Minister s approval. Clearly the importance of political acceptance and correctness has become an increasingly important succession factor at the senior/executive level. Aside from the CDS s apparent lack of direct control on succession planning, the present succession planning system contains two further major weaknesses. 17 Firstly, the limited depth and scope of the senior officer pool results in plot turmoil with every unexpected departure. Such departures result in a daisy chain of movement within a very small cadre of officers. The result often is a very limited period of time in important developmental positions. Remarkably, two years is now widely accepted as a lengthy tour of duty. Secondly, from a dialogue perspective, the succession process is a strictly one-way street. Input from senior officers on career aspirations, family considerations and personal desires are neither sought nor apparently welcome. The result is increasing frustration throughout the senior/executive leadership ranks resulting in an increasing number of unexpected and unplanned early retirements, thereby exacerbating the first weakness mentioned above. Professional Development for Senior Officers The importance of formalized officer professional development for senior officers is not new. Major-General Rowley first proposed the conduct of a Canadian National Security Course 16 Randall S. Cheloha, Hallmarks of Effective Succession Planning. (MMC Viewpoint, Number 2, 1999), p Discussion with Director Senior Appointments, 2 June
13 in his Report of the Officer Development Board 18 in The report identified a need to prepare senior officers, public servants and representatives of other sectors of Canadian society, for higher levels of national responsibility through the study of national security problems. Similarly, in 1988 Lieutenant-General Evraire s report General and Senior Officer Professional Development in the Canadian Forces 19 recommended the creation of a Centre for National Security Studies to contain all aspects of National Security Studies at the General and Senior Officer levels. A formal course for senior officers was again proposed in Lieutenant-General Morton's Officer Development Review Board Report 20 of Common throughout these reports was the need for formal senior officer education in the principles of command, the application of doctrine and the interface between the political and military spheres of interest. 21 Subsequent to these reports, the Officer General Specifications (OGS) were amended to better define the education and professional development requirements called for in the reports. This eventually led to the creation of the present Advanced Military Studies Course (AMSC) and the National Security Studies Course (NSSC) of the Canadian Forces College. The AMSC and NSSC together comprise the last formal professional development opportunity for senior officers. Conducted at the operational level, the focus of the AMSC is on the study of war and operations other than war with additional emphasis on intellectual and professional development in related areas. Its aim is to prepare Col/Capt(N) s for senior leadership and staff roles in combined coalition operations. 22 Conducted at the strategic level, the focus of the NSSC is on national security and strategic management issues and development, 18 MGen R. Rowley, Report of the Officer Development Board. (NDHQ, Ottawa. March 1969), p LGen R.J. Evraire, General and Senior Officer Professional Development in the Canadian Forces. (Queens University, Kingston, Ont. 1988), p LGen (Ret d) R.W. Morton, Final Report of the Officer Development Review Board. (NDHQ Ottawa, Ont. 1995) p National Security Studies Course website Canadian Forces College website. 12
14 and the management and implementation of defence and security policy. Its aim is to prepare Col/Capt(N) s and General/Flag officers for duties at the strategic level within NDHQ. 23 The Public Service Commission Model The Public Service Commission (PSC) of Canada has developed a completely different and very comprehensive approach to succession planning which is best summarized as an enhanced version of the familiar PSC competition process. The PSC is entering into the third year of its Accelerated Executive Development Program (AEXDP). 24 The AEXDP is designed for high potential senior personnel within the PSC who are at a point in their career where further advancement is both in the interests of the individual and the PSC. Developed in partnership with the Canadian Center for Management Development (CCMD), 25 the programme objectives are to identify a representative group of executives at the EX-1 to EX-3 level (4 stripe - 2 star equivalents) who have demonstrated the potential to become Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs) (3 star equivalents) and to accelerate their development and career advancement. In a rather novel approach to executive development, the PSC requires candidates to self-identify themselves thereby maximizing programme buy-in, high motivational levels and personal ambition (already desirable executive level qualities). As a programme applicant, executive leadership capability is assessed through a variety of tools that focus on the key competencies of cognitive capability, creativity, behavioral flexibility, interpersonal relations, personality, self-confidence and ethics and values. In addition, the Assessment Phase will include an assessment of future potential based on a review of applicants demonstrated ability to learn, work experience and past performance. This Assessment Phase consists of: an applicant file review, a Track Record Interview (to review past accomplishments), reference checks (references required from current Deputy Minister (DM) or 23 DSA website Public Service Commission of Canada AEXDP website Canadian Centre for Management Development AEXDP website. 13
15 Associate DM, the current ADM, supervisor, past supervisor, three peers and three subordinates), and an interview by a Board of senior officials. The pool of applicants who are recommended for the programme from the Assessment Phase above are screened a further three times. The Integration Committee consists of representatives from each of the Interview Boards in the Assessment Phase, and they ensure consistency across the Assessment Phase. The Committee of Senior Officials next ensures overall corporate needs and priorities are satisfied by the proposed candidates. And finally, the names are submitted to the PSC for final review and approval. An important part of the PSC AEXDP selection process is feedback. A senior PSC representative serves as a contact point throughout the process, providing detailed feedback on the results of the selection process, including career recommendations at the end of the process to unsuccessful candidates in order to meet future career and development needs. If selected into the AEXDP, a successful candidate will become a member of the PSC, will be assigned an individual Executive Advisor from the PSC, and serve for a period of one and a half to four years in key developmental assignments. These assignments are formulated by departments and are designed to strengthen experience in the six executive level core functions of the PSC, namely, line operations, policy development, central agency, regional operations, central/corporate services, and exposure to the political level. In addition, the participant has access to coaches (assigned for specific tasks), mentors (for personal guidance and professional support), action learning groups (regular meetings of 5-6 programme participants with a facilitator to discuss work-related challenges), collective learning events (executive seminars) and an electronic support network ( During the course of the above assignments, participants are assessed against assignment performance goals and personal objectives. The programme is completed with either an appointment to a position in a department or central agency; or an appointment to the ADM level through a selection process or a competition. 14
16 ASSESSMENT OF WHERE THE CF SHOULD BE GOING WITH SUCCESSION PLANNING Succession Planning as a Career-Long Development Mechanism This year s 27% turnover (18 of 66) of General and Flag officers 26 is remarkable in the CF and has clearly created a unique short-term succession planning challenge. Specifically, the experience level in the senior/executive pool is very shallow as 35% of the General/Flag officers in the CF have less than one year s experience as a General or Flag officer. Equally important is the fact that 11 of this year s 18 General/Flag officer departures were unplanned or unpredicted. 27 The belief that General/Flag officers would willingly serve full careers at the behest of the CF has been replaced by a reality that is now common throughout society. That is, that individuals will make career decisions in their own best interests (not the best interests of the service) when faced with perceived unacceptable alternatives. The unacceptable options leading to early retirements are at times surprising as they include the refusal of Command appointments and promotions. If the timing of such appointments is not right, they can generate excessive family turbulence or personal disharmony. The CF leadership must recognize the challenges that this unique situation creates and therefore, the importance of two-way dialogue with the targeted successors. The traditional belief that every employee would jump at the chance for promotion, that competent people would somehow emerge within the organization to fill vacancies, are no longer true. Lifestyles are changing, as are the different needs and aspirations of employees If managers are to be assured that that they will have competent and motivated people to fill the organizations future needs, they must become concerned with matching the career needs of employees with the requirements of the organization. 28 This belief is further re-enforced by Srinivas. The increasing pressures experienced by those at the top, along with the dearth of feasible solution options, are likely to make the senior 26 NDHQ Ottawa, CANFORGEN 052/00 CDS Z May Discussion with Director Senior Appointments, 5 June Andrew J. Templer et al, Human Resource Management (Toronto, Ont: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996), p
17 positions less attractive to potential successors as they weigh the costs versus the gains. Considerations for a balanced life may frequently mitigate against individuals advancing beyond what they view as their already comfortable niche in the organization. The instrumental view of work may reign over ambition. 29 All these facts and observations argue for the importance of succession planning as a career-long process. The reality of service in the Canadian Forces today is that broader demands are being placed upon both the professional and intellectual capacities of our people. Senior officers now require a working second language profile, a university degree and, normally, attendance at the Advanced Military Studies Course/National Security Studies Course or equivalent, for progression to General/Flag rank. These issues notwithstanding, the officer corps should continue to place emphasis on balance and versatility in order to produce the leadership that is required at every level in the Canadian Forces. Although the demands on CF officers are many, we should continue to develop our own leadership skills together with those of our successors. Effective leadership is not something that can be learned by study alone. The principles can be taught, but leadership is a living art and must be refined by practical application, role models and mentoring. Furthermore, present and future demands on the size of the officer corps plus the continuing transition to a more joint force will dictate that the boundaries between military occupations (MOCs) become less defined. Those at the Cdr/LCol and Capt(N)/Col ranks should be ready to take on non-traditional roles both within and outside their specific service (army/navy/air force). This joint experience is a particularly valuable tool in developing crossservice competency for potential senior/executive officers and prospective CDS s. Indeed within the US Armed Forces, the Goldwater-Nichols DOD Reorganization Act of 1986 has decreed that joint training and service is a necessity for promotion to General/Flag rank 30. Undoubtedly, joint experience will be to the betterment of the CF and provide a wider range of opportunities 29 Kalburgi M. Srinivas, Human Resource Management: Contemporary Perspectives in Canada (Toronto, Ont: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, 1984), p
18 and challenges for senior officers. In addition, cross service and joint experience will significantly add to the credibility and legitimacy of future Level 1 leaders and the CDS most specifically. While it is my belief that command of combat units at all levels, should be the domain of the combat MOCs; all Level 1 and CDS positions can be filled by any MOC provided sufficient non-moc specific training and development has occurred to establish the senior/executive leaders credibility and legitimacy in these positions. For the proven combat MOC leader, such credibility and legitimacy would have to include demonstrated competency within NDHQ. I believe that the core career path for all officers destined to the highest positions in the CF, should continue to be through command positions. This should be done through clearly defined MOC career paths. Naturally, various line and staff postings will be assumed along this route, but at no time should anyone forget that demonstrated performance in command at all levels will be key in determining their selection for future senior appointments. For those who demonstrate the ability, the possibility of a rapid route to command must be available in order to maximize availability for further professional development, education and joint operations experience. Proposing a Methodology It is a fundamental responsibility for each generation of professional military officers to ensure the training and preparation of its successor generation. By applying Byham s model of succession management (previously outlined) and elements of the PSC AEXDP to the CF context, the following key building blocks are offered as a proposal for an enhanced senior/executive succession planning process in the CF. The process would include: ( = in existence) a. determining the succession needs of the organization (done by DSA & ECS s through compulsory retirement date tracking matrix s); b. identification of the desired executive competencies to satisfy the future needs of the CF (done within new CF Performance Appraisal System (CFPAS) for DND Executives/CF Senior Officers); 17
19 c. identification of high-potential individuals (done through merit board process); d. the early identification of particularly gifted leaders (not done in any structured way); e. dialogue with target group to identify career aspirations and willingness to participate in senior/executive development programme (done in limited fashion at unit level rarely at senior officer level); f. assessing high-potential performers leaders for executive leadership competencies (cognitive capability, creativity, visioning, etc) (done in new CFPAS PER); g. establishing an individually tailored development program for each high-potential candidate that includes training, job rotation, and special assignments (done in a limited fashion during posting plot development could be enhanced to include elements of AEXDP); h. regular use of self-development tools such as the Strategic Leader Development Inventory (SLDI) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (presently a limited application); i. active mentoring at all levels by Commanding Officers and General/Flag officers (done in a limited fashion at the unit level for young gifted leaders); j. selecting and placing people into senior jobs based on their job performance, their experience and assessment of their potential for a specific job (done during posting plot development process); k. healthy promotion rates (limited control through careful monitoring of age patterns in senior ranks); l. clear career policies including milestone targets (done in a limited fashion in some MOCs, normally at a low level (up to unit level Command)); m. a well defined command qualification process (uneven application across CF); n. post-grad educational opportunities (programme presently limited to 2 senior officers per year); and o. broadened career opportunities outside of CF (programme presently limited to 1 senior officer per year). 18
20 Addressing Above Methodology Deficiencies Suggested improvements in the deficient areas of the proposed methodology above are: d. Early Identification of Gifted Leaders. Selection for advanced training and promotion has, and always will be, based on merit. Merit must continue to be determined by a fair and accurate assessment of personnel performance assessment, and by potential for further advancement. For those who demonstrate exceptional ability early in their career, flexible career development and early promotion possibilities are necessary to provide the opportunities to achieve greater skills and to accept more demanding responsibilities. It is of course not possible to fast-track or deep-select everyone. It is far better to focus limited resources on achieving significant developmental gains in a smaller number of high-potential people. 31 In order to ensure an adequate supply of officers suitably qualified to compete for senior (Level 1 and CDS) Canadian Forces positions, some officers must have unit level command experience in their mid-thirties and subsequent level command no later than their late thirties. Furthermore, in order to ensure sufficient development time within the senior/executive level ranks, I believe that at least 10% of General/Flag officers should be promoted to that rank no later than at 42 years of age. This will provide these officers with a minimum of ten years to complete at least five executive level developmental tours prior to being eligible for consideration to be CDS. These would include at least two NDHQ tours, one/two field tours at the operational level and one ex-department tour in the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, the Privy Council Office or abroad (NATO/NORAD in present context). The US below the zone 32 promotion selection offers an option for consideration in order to enhance availability and more time for these senior level developmental tours. Merit Boards at all levels should assist in this process by identifying those younger officers who should command sooner rather than later. It must be recognized however 31 William C. Byham, Grooming Next-Millennium Leaders. (Human Resources Magazine, February 1999), p. 3 of Below the zone selection consists of a promotion option designed to fast track identified gifted leaders by allowing them to be considered for promotion one year before they would otherwise enter the normally established zone. 19
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S&Ds endorse new European consensus on development
The Socialists and Democrats Group today endorsed the new European consensus on development, reiterating strong EU support for development co-operation and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The joint declaration, which is expected to be signed by the European Parliament, Commission and Council next week, reaffirms poverty alleviation as the primary goal of EU development policy, and establishes the 2030 agenda and SDGs as overarching objectives of the Union.
The S&D negotiator and spokesperson for development, Norbert Neuser MEP said:
"There has never been a more crucial time for the EU to show global leadership in sustainable development and poverty eradication. As the United States looks poised to pull out of the Paris Agreement on climate change while cutting development assistance, this new consensus demonstrates the EU's commitment to developing countries.
"The world has changed rapidly since the previous consensus of 2005. The new declaration reflects the common challenges we face and sets out the shared responsibilities of the EU and its member states.
"The new consensus commits to leaving no-one behind. It addresses key issues for development from climate change and agriculture, to tackling tax evasion and avoidance, and promoting good governance and corporate social responsibility.
"The EU and member states reiterate the UN obligations to collectively reaching 0.7% of their gross national income (GNI) for official development assistance (ODA). It is now the responsibility of the European Parliament and national parliaments to hold the Commission and member states governments to account in reaching this target."


text:
Archival News 55.4 (Summer 2016)
Edited by Katherine Groo
Australia Donates Rare 1920 Film to Irish Film Archive
The National Film and Sound Archive of Australia (NFSA) will present the Irish Film Archive (IFI) with a copy of Ireland Will Be Free (Bert Cross, 1920), a documentary about the St Patrick's Day celebrations in Melbourne, commissioned by Irish-born Archbishop Daniel Mannix. The handover ceremony will take place on 29 June at the Irish Film Institute in Temple Bar.
NFSA CEO Michael Loebenstein said: "Ireland Will Be Free is an important documentary which depicts the Australian-Irish relations of the time and in particular Archbishop Mannix's support for Irish self-determination. This copy is a gift from Australia to mark the Easter Rising centenary, celebrate the seventieth anniversary of diplomatic relations between Ireland and Australia, and support the ties between our countries and cultural organisations."
The Head of the Irish Film Archive (IFA), Kasandra O'Connell, noted, "This historic film reminds us of how inextricably linked the histories of Ireland and Australia are, as the Irish population of Melbourne is captured celebrating Ireland's journey towards independence during the St Patrick's Day celebrations of 1920. This film is particularly significant in this year of commemoration and we are grateful to our colleagues in Australia's National Film and Sound Archive for the opportunity to add it to the collection."
Ireland Will Be Free was produced by the Melbourne Catholic Archdiocese, which donated the fragile original components to the NFSA in the 1990s. This year the NFSA digitally restored the film, which premiered in Canberra in March. The restoration of Ireland Will Be Free was partially supported by the Irish Government's Centenary of 1916 culture fund, and facilitated by the Irish Ambassador to Australia, Mr Noel White.
For more on Ireland Will Be Free, see the press release from IFA.
Icelandic Film Museum Acquires Films from the Sea
In July, fishermen in Faxaflói Bay, off the southwest coast of Iceland, discovered a box of old films tangled up in their lobster pots. The mystery reels were handed over to the National Film Archive of Iceland (NFAI), where the negatives were dried and found to be in surprisingly good condition.
Erlendur Sveinsson, the director of the NFAI, posted several frames on social media in the hopes of identifying their provenance. The effort paid off. A Russian man living in Iceland remembered seeing the images as a child. They belong to Derevenskij Detektiv (Countryside Cop), a film produced by the Soviet Union in 1969.
Thereafter, the Russian Embassy sent an inquiry to the film archive in Moscow and the International Federation of Film Archives. No one knows how or why the copy of this film ended up on the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
Read more about this discovery here.
Peter Whitehead Donates Archive to De Montfort University
The English writer and filmmaker Peter Whitehead, who documented London's swinging sixties, has donated his personal archive to De Montfort University's Cinema and Television History Research Centre. Whitehead worked closely with The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd, and Jimi Hendrix and was an active participant in the counterculture movements that defined London and New York in the 1960s.
For further details on the acquisition, read more here.
[Above: Allen Ginsberg in Wholly Communion (Peter Whitehead, 1965)]
Universal Pictures Restores 'The Last Warning'
Universal Pictures recently completed its restoration of The Last Warning (Paul Leni, 1929), a horror film about an unsolved murder. The restoration premiered on 4 June 2016 at the Castro Theater as part of the San Francisco Silent Film Festival.
"The Last Warning is significant in Universal's history as it was Paul Leni's last film and a key role for Universal's leading lady of the 1920s, Laura La Plante," said Michael Daruty, Senior Vice President at Universal Global Media Operations. He added, "Through the silent film initiative, our two goals are to preserve films for the future and share them with audiences."
Beginning in March 2015, Universal's restoration team conducted a worldwide search for The Last Warning's available elements. After extensive exploration, a 35mm nitrate dupe negative was located at the Cinémathèque française, and was loaned to the Studio. This French negative became the base element. In order to obtain the English title cards, Universal turned to a 16mm English print from the Packard Humanities Institute Collection in the UCLA Film & Television Archive. Universal's restoration team then replaced the French title cards with the English.
Daughter of Jadallah Jubara Preserves Father's Films
In 2008, after an eight-year court battle over land ownership, the Sudanese government demolished the film studio founded in the 1970s by legendary filmmaker Jadallah Jubara. Following the demolition, Jubara's daughter, Sara Jadallah, committed herself to preserving her father's catalog of films. When the project is complete, it will be Sudan's first private archive of 15mm and 35mm films.
An officer in the British army, Jubara began work as a projectionist in a British mobile film unit shortly after the Second World War. He went on to capture iconic moments in Sudan's history, including the hoisting of the flag as the country gained independence from Britain in 1956. He produced more than 100 documentaries and four feature films in a career spanning more than five decades. Jubara's documentaries include films on Darfur and his early films preserve a snapshot of Sudanese society before the 1989 coup.
The project has received backing from Germany's Arsenal Institute for Film and Video Art and the German embassy in Khartoum.
See The Guardian for more on the project.
[Above: Sara Jadallah speaks at her house in Khartoum. Photograph: Ashraf Shazly/AFP/Getty Images]
Lost Noir 'Private Property' Restored, Redistributed
The 1960 film noir Private Property (Leslie Stevens) had been lost for four decades when a duplicate negative of the film was discovered among a collection of works acquired by the UCLA Film & Television Archive. When the film was originally released, it was widely panned by critics, which severely limited its theatrical run. Cinelicious, a Los Angeles digital production and restoration house, recently completed the restoration and digitization of the film. Later this year, it will be available on Blu-Ray and select streaming platforms.
Dennis Bartok of Cinelicious noted that, "This one is really remarkable because it was such a good film, and such a subversive film, and it slipped through the cracks of film history."
For more on the restoration of Private Property and its redistribution schedule, see here.
[Above: Private Property (Leslie Stevens, 1960)]
Korean Film Archive Opens New Preservation Center
The Korean Film Archive (KFA) recently opened its second film preservation center in Paju, some fifty kilometers northwest of Seoul. The new center will further expand the archive's efforts to restore and preserve South Korea's moving-image history. The facilities are equipped with a film preservation vault and the country's first film development room for digital restoration of analog films.
To celebrate the launch of the Paju center, the KFA unveiled its digitization of O Bal Tan (The Aimless Bullet) (1961), directed by the late Yoo Hyun-mok and starring Kim Jin-gyu and Choi Mu-ryong. The film depicts the fall of a family due to economic hardship and is a widely-acclaimed example of early realism in South Korean film production.
It was restored from a copy that screened at the San Francsico Film Festival in 1963 and transferred to a digital file. According to Cho So-youn, head of the Paju Center, the restoration was completed through an "incredibly difficult two-year process" utilizing a "digital overlapping method that has never been attempted before [by the archive]."
Learn more about KFA's new center and O Bal Tan here.
[Above: KFA's new preservation center in Paju]
Academy Celebrates Anniversary with Screening Series
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) celebrates the 25th anniversary of the Academy Film Archive with the screening series "Archival Revival – 25 years of the Academy Film Archive" curated from the extensive collection of motion pictures that the archive has restored and preserved. The series, which runs from 18 July through 12 September showcases a broad range of titles and genres, including musicals, documentaries, silent films, Pre-Code comedies, experimental films, and horror classics.
In 1991 the Academy's Board of Governors committed to creating an archive for the preservation, restoration, documentation, and study of motion pictures. The Academy Film Archive currently holds more than 190,000 elements, including trailers, feature films, and the film collections of such artists as Alfred Hitchcock, Penelope Spheeris, James Wong Howe, Albert Maysles, and Su Friedrich. It also holds the collections of such institutions and programs as the Japanese American National Museum, Los Angeles Latino International Film Festival, and the Student Academy Awards.
Take an inside look at the Academy Film Archive here and view its restoration work here.
Hong Kong Film Archive Launches Storyboard Exhibition
In July, the Hong Kong Film Archive (HKFA) opened "Sketches in Motion: Storyboards of Hong Kong Cinema," an exhibition showcasing the visual processes of film production. The exhibition includes over 130 sheets of storyboards and concept illustrations from Hong Kong cinema. Film footage, along with videos of interviews with storyboard artists, directors, cinematographers, and action choreographers will also be shown.
Two seminars accompany the event. The first, entitled "On Pioneering Experience: Cinematic Storyboards in the 80s," features pioneering storyboard artist and production designer David Chan. The second, entitled "Storyboards of Hong Kong Cinema: A Panorama," will include a discussion with artists Elphonso Lam, Luk Wai-cheong, and Chung Kai-kit.
Read more about the events here.
'Made On Our Land' Project Tours Scotland
'Made On Our Land' Project Tours Scotland
A new archival cinema project began its tour of Scotland this summer. "Made On Our Land" features material from the National Library of Scotland Moving Image Archive. The films include one made by an Aberdeenshire mother and daughter that documents farm life around Aboyne and another that shows 1960s holidays to Islay. There are also World War Two propaganda films and a post-war film made to dissuade Highlanders from leaving their home area to live and work in cities.
Using a mobile cinema, "Made On Our Land" began its screening tour in Arran on 22 July before visiting Aboyne, Benbecula, Castle Douglas, and Peebles.
"Made on Our Land" curator and tour producer, Shona Thomson, said: "I love the strong tradition of rural cinema-going that started with the Highlands and Islands Film Guild 70 years ago and continues today. It's an honor to be celebrating that tradition by showing films from the 1930s to the 1980s that have a relevance to the modern rural audiences now served by the Screen Machine and Film Mobile network."
Read more here.
[Above: A Highlands and Islands Film Guild flyer. The Moving Image Archive National Library Scotland]
Cinema Ritrovato Celebrates 30 Years
The 30th annual Cinema Ritrovato film festival was held from 25 June to 2 July in Bologna, Italy. The program was organized into multiple thematic strands, including (among others):
The festival also coincided with the FIAF Film Restoration Summer School.
For detailed accounts of the festival, see here and here. For a complete program, see here.
FIAF Publishes Moving Image Cataloguing Manual
The FIAF Cataloguing and Documentation Commission (CDC) recently announced the publication of The FIAF Moving Image Cataloguing Manual. According to its publishers, the manual is the result of many years of labor and collaboration with numerous professionals in the moving image field. The manual also offers more than a revision of "The FIAF Cataloguing Rules for Film Archive," which was published in 1991. The new manual addresses recent changes in information technology and adheres to existing and emerging metadata standards. Although it is specialized in focus and draws upon modern archival concepts and standards, the manual is designed to be compatible with a variety of data structures. It provides charts, decision trees, examples, and other tools to help experts and non-experts alike in performing real-world cataloguing of moving image collections.
Media Burn TV Archive Celebrates Ten Years
The nonprofit Media Burn Archive recently celebrated its tenth year as a non-profit organization dedicated to video preservation. Developed and pioneered by Tom Weinberg, the Media Burn Archive has, since its inception, collected, restored, and digitized more than 7,000 such videos from a variety of non-digital sources. Its online collection of more than 3,000 titles has generated more than thirteen million global views.
"What we've been doing for the past 40 years matters," said Weinberg. "If we don't save videos as a view into the cultural past, no one will ever see it."
The Media Burn Archive was founded with Weinberg's own vast personal collection. It includes 300 episodes of his iconic Image Union, which has showcased the work of Chicago independent filmmakers since 1978--and remains on the air. Weinberg produced the first eleven seasons of the show.
Thereafter, Weinberg explained, "We began adding individual, independent producer's work that's in sync with ours. All are independently made documentaries, not commercially oriented."
Media Burn Archive is largely supported by grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation and individual contributions that are used for specific archival projects. Other funders include the National Endowment for the Arts, National Historical Publications, the Richard H. Dreihause Foundation, the Illinois Arts Council and the Chicago Dept. of Cultural Affairs and Special Events.
Read more about Media Burn here.
Kodak Acquires I Dailies, Reaffirms Support for Film
In July, Kodak announced that it had acquired the British motion picture film lab i dailies and noted that this acquisition reflects the company's ongoing support for the filmmaking business. Steven Overman, Global Chief Marketing Officer & President, said: "The UK is one of the largest film production markets in the world today and we want to ensure film continues to be an option for filmmakers working on all types of projects around the globe."
The company also announced, in a separate release, that it would be making strategic investments to ensure consistent and quality film services in production hubs and major markets. The company will open and operate a motion picture film-processing lab in New York City later this year, which will service 35mm, S16, Super 8 film processing and scanning. Kodak is also working with partners to further sustain film processing capabilities around the world. In London, Kodak is making investments in introducing 65mm film processing in a region that has seen a significant increase in major productions shot on film. Kodak will also continue to invest in upgrades to its film plant in Rochester, N.Y., in order to meet growing demand for motion picture film. These announcements, in the company's view, reflect a global analog renaissance, a resurgence in "retro-tech" media from vinyl records to printed books to film.
Funai Electric Ceases Production of VHS VCRs
Funai Electric, the last remaining manufacturer of VHS VCRs, recently announced that it will cease production of the players at the end of this month.
Read more about the end of this era here, here, and here.
[Above: A Sony Videcassette player in 1970. NYTimes]
Computer Autoencodes 'Blade Runner'
Blade Runner - Autoencoded: Full film from Terence Broad on Vimeo.
In June, Warner Bros. issued a DMCA takedown notice to the video streaming website Vimeo for, among other infractions, two uploads featuring footage from Blade Runner (Ridley Scott, 1982). What soon became clear, however, was that some of the footage was not actually Blade Runner footage. It was instead the result of a machine-learned encoding project designed by Terence Broad. As Slate's Aja Romano succinctly described it: "Warner had just DMCA'd an artificial reconstruction of a film about artificial intelligence being indistinguishable from humans, because it couldn't distinguish between the simulation and the real thing."
Read more about Broad's project, neural networks, and autoencoding here and here.
[Above: Blade Runner, Autoencoded (Terence Broad, 2016)]
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MYSL Coaches - Now Required to Complete Online Training
For new and returning coachesUpdated Saturday July 30, 2016 by MYSL.
Effective with the Fall 2016 season, Mascoma Youth Sports League will now be REQUIRING all coaches to complete the coach certification process via NAYS online. Many other local, UVRA, and state organizations (town rec departments and youth sports orgs) require this or a similar credential so this new requirement will also keep us in line with other groups that have similar sports offerings for kids. If you are already certified by a different organization (Positive Coaching Alliance, NH Coach Smart, etc) please contact us.
In our continuing efforts to provide a positive, safe and fun environment for young athletes, Mascoma Youth Sports League is proud to implement the National Youth Sports Coaches Association training and membership program for coaches. This training requirement also comes from feedback received from coaches and parents.
We join more than 3,000 organizations across the country conducting the NYSCA program and invite you to join the more than 3 million volunteer coaches who have become NYSCA members since its inception 1981.
The NYSCA Online Clinic will provide all of our coaches with training on important general and sport-specific coaching topics. After completing the clinic, your NYSCA membership will be in effect. Membership includes an ID card, $1,000,000 limited liability insurance policy, access to members-only resources, plus additional free training certificates. The NYSCA fee is $20 and includes the training and your first year of membership.
Please register for and complete the NYSCA Online Clinic at www.nays.org/nyscaonline. Be sure to choose Mascoma Youth Sports League as your Chapter. We ask you to complete the clinic by September 18 if you are coaching in the fall or wish to coach in the winter, or December 31 if you wish to coach in the spring.
Your certification will be good for one year and includes one sport for $20. If you'd like to add additional sports now or in the future, it will be only $5 more. MYSL will reimburse you for the cost of certification in the form of a registration credit or gear credit (if you do not have any kids that need to be registered) after completion. The online training is video based and self-paced, and should not take more than 2 hours to complete (including the sport specific videos). Once you do so, you will show up on the MYSL Chapter Coach List and we can issue the credit.
Feel free to contact us or NYSCA directly with questions (1-800-688-5437or firstname.lastname@example.com).
Thank you for taking the time to complete this important clinic and for your continued dedication to the young athletes in our community.
Mascoma Youth Sports League Board
|COACHES WHO ARE NEW TO THE NYSCA TRAINING.pdf
|NYSCA Flyer for Coaches.pdf


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Fishing & Amenities
Fish from your Private Riverfront
World Class Fishing
Enjoy 2 Acres of Private Property
Swannies on the River is a hidden gem along the Kenai River, where you can enjoy some of the best fishing in the world from your own private riverfront property...
- Riverfront Salmon Fishing
- Halibut Charters & Guides
- Private Riverfront Fish Cabin
- Fish Cleaning Station
Plenty of Ammenities
Extras to Accomodate your Stay
Swannies on the River offers plenty of additional ammenities to enhance your stay and add to your adventure:
- Personal 4 Wheeler
- Campsite & Fire Pits
- Charcoal Grill
- Cable Television
- Wireless Internet
Nearby Alaskan Activities
Local Area Attractions & More
Already caught your daily limit? Don't you worry, there are plenty of activies the surrounding areas can provide:
- Kenai Fjords Wildnerness Tours
- Halibut Fishing Excursions
- The Homer Spit Gift Shops
- Airplane/Helicopter Rides
- Wildlife Guides
The Cabins
Enjoy 3 Cabins on your 2 Acre Property
The Main Cabin's Features
The Main Cabin: 3 bed, 2 bath, complete with:
- Cozy 1200 sq ft Living Area
- Fully Equipped Kitchen
- Washer & Dryer
- Cable/Satellite TV
- Free Internet access
Plus 2 additional cabins to accomodate your guests or extended family members...
Enjoy 2 acres of property along the Kenai River
Nestled in the heart of Soldotna, Alaska - Swannies on the River brings you world class fishing and wilderness viewing...
Cabins & Amenities
Find out more about guest lodging and accomodations
Enjoy the main cabin: 2 stories with 3 bedrooms, 2 bath - along with two additional guest cabins for children or other guests...
The Fishing
Fish & relax from you own private riverbank...
Fishing in Alaska doesn't get much better than this. Enjoy the best fishing spot Alaska has to offer in privacy and comfort...
The Team
The Swannie's team will make sure you enjoy your stay!
We're excited to share our fishing spot with you and will do everything we can to make sure you enjoy your stay with us!