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Corporate Partners Research Programme
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1 Corporate Partners Research Programme Managing careers in large organisations Wendy Hirsh Charles Jackson
2 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS Contents 1. Why does career development matter? The purpose of this paper 1.2. Defining career development and career 1.3. Why career development matters to organisations 1.4. Why career development matters to individuals 2. The changing context of career development How did we get to where we are now? 2.2 Changing career expectations for the 21st century 3. Career development strategy What is a career development strategy? 3.2 Some key elements of a strategy 3.3 Issues of fit and consistency 4. Processes for managing careers Current practice 4.2 From processes to purposes getting a clearer view 4.3 Corporately-managed careers 4.4 Supporting self-managed careers 4.5 And what of career partnership? 5. Career development roles and organisational capability Who should employees talk to about their careers? 5.2 Skilling the helpers building capability 5.3 Building links between different sources of support 5.4 The role of HR 6. Facing the future Improving practice is an achievable goal 6.2 Thorny issues 6.3 Future challenges Annex 1: Audit your organisation s career fitness Bibliography Other sources of information
4 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS 1. Why does career development matter? 1.1 The purpose of this paper How careers are managed in large organisations has far-reaching effects on both the organisations and their employees. But career development is a problematic subject for managers and HR professionals. Why? Organisations are very nervous of raising expectations around promotion, and also feel uncertain about what the future holds. The result is that most large organisations give their staff no clear or positive message about careers. 'Career development' is not a single intervention you can implement easily. It relies on a range of activities, involving several core HR processes, and requires these to be carefully integrated. As a result, considerable confusion prevails about what career development really is, with a consequent lack of confidence in how to deliver it. Career development is seen by HR people and most managers as 'nice to have' rather than as an essential part of people management; it is always the aspect of HR that they are going to get round to when they have the time. The recent CIPD survey on Managing Employee Careers (2003) supports this rather gloomy view. The respondents to this survey (who were HR professionals) showed a desire to improve career development for all employees, but in practice most of the effort went into relatively small groups of senior or high potential employees. Only a quarter of respondents had a strategy for career development covering all employees, and only a third felt that senior managers were firmly committed to career management activities. In this paper we will argue that: 1. We need to be clear about what we mean by 'career development', and why it matters both to individuals and organisations (Section 1). 2. We need to understand the context in which we look at careers not just the organisational context, but wider economic and social trends (Section 2). 3. We need to send clearer and more positive messages about careers and career development for all employees through a career development strategy (Section 3). 4. We need better ways of thinking about and implementing career development processes and practices (Section 4). 5. Part of improving practice is about clarifying who does what in career development the issue of roles and responsibilities (Section 5). 6. The final section of the paper offers some suggestions for improving practice, and highlights some future challenges (Section 6). Eleven organisational case studies underpin this paper and illustrate strategies and practices. All the case study organisations have a wide range of career development initiatives and activities. The illustrations given here are by no means a complete description of what they are doing. They are intended as selected illustrations of interesting, progressive or unusual approaches. 1.2 Defining 'career development' and 'career' 'Career development' is taken here to describe both the way an individual's career unfolds, and the various activities undertaken by the individual or their organisation to facilitate this. But what do we mean by the word 'career'? We can see the career as strongly work focused, for example: 'the evolving sequence of a person's work experience over time' (Arthur et al., 1989). We can also recognise other activities related to work as integral aspects of a career: 'a career is the sequence of employment-related positions, roles, activities and 5
5 C ORPORATE PARTNERS RESEARCH PROGRAMME experiences encountered by a person' (Arnold, 1997). Education and training are especially closely related to career development. It can be useful to focus not just on the experiences that make up a career, but also on the transitions between these different experiences and how they are managed (Nicholson and West, 1988). Some take a wider view of work within life: 'career is viewed broadly to stress life roles and lifestyles, occupation being considered only one part of career' (Hansen and Gysbers, 1975). The social context often influences individual career decisions. It is helpful to recognise the distinction between the objective career (the list of jobs we have done) and the subjective career (how we feel and think about our experiences) (Jackson et al., 1996). Some authors see the essential feature of organisational careers as the attempt to reconcile the different needs of the employer and the employee (King, 2004; Herriot and Pemberton, 1995). 1.3 Why career development matters to organisations Careers are how higher-level and business-specific skills and knowledge are acquired. Employees undertaking sequences of work experiences progressively grow those skills. Key writers on careers in organisations see careers and learning as inextricably linked (Schein,1978; Hall, 1976). Careers are how skills and knowledge are deployed and spread in organisations, as employees move from one job to another in response to where they are needed. Such deployment and knowledge sharing is critical to organisational flexibility. Career movement is also how culture and values the 'glue' of the organisation are transmitted, and how personal networks are extended and strengthened. Corporate culture and networks are often key to rapid and effective action. Career development is a major tool for attracting, motivating and retaining good quality employees. Purcell et al. (2003) found that providing career opportunities is one of eleven key practices that influence organisational performance. The Career Innovation Research Group has shown the link between the extent to which high flyers experience career support and their intention to stay with their employer (Winter and Jackson, 1999). 1.4 Why career development matters to individuals Your career is your own life story; how you make sense of your working life and how you achieve some sense of direction and progression in work and inside yourself. Your career is how you manage your working life to earn income, and also how you balance work with your other interests and responsibilities. Career development is about being fully aware of your work opportunities, and making conscious and proactive choices about the kind of work you do. Career development is how you develop your skills and CV, and thereby improve your chances of future employability and avoid long-term unemployment. So, careers matter and organisations should see them as a central aspect of the employment relationship, not an optional extra. Career development is of direct benefit to organisations, and should not be seen in terms of 'being nice' to staff. 6
6 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS 2. The changing context of career development 2.1 How did we get to where we are now? An important step in the process of delivering effective career development is to understand the changing economic and social context, and its impact on employees' expectations about their careers. years by increased financial insecurity caused by falls in the stock market and weakness in the pensions sector. It seems that economic risk is being transferred from large organisations (in which they invest or are employed) to individuals. The last decade was dominated by uncertain and confused messages about employment and the future of work. As a result, many employers, responding to continuous change, seem to have taken a very short-term perspective, and focused on managing the present. They have lacked the confidence to set out a longer-term view of career and employment options. Even on the shortterm horizon in which they operate, many employers do not seem to have capitalised on the opportunity to offer the type of flexible work opportunities that will attract, engage and retain employees. One characteristic of the early-1990s recession was that it affected white-collar and professional employees. Possibly for the first time, it made employment security a big issue for many of these individuals (Herriot et al., 1996). Talk of the 'end of jobs' (Bridges, 1994), radically new models of career (Arthur et al., 1996) or even the 'end of organisational careers' may have got a bit out of hand (Guest and Mackenzie-Davey, 1996). However, there is little doubt that many employees are not only less satisfied with their work than they were ten years ago, but are also less committed to the organisation that employs them. Negative outcomes are not only felt by employees. In the 'war for talent', organisations are often competing on a global basis to attract and retain the brightest and the best employees (Chambers, et al. 1998). Certainly, there is plenty of evidence that, early in their careers, these individuals are quite ruthless in pursuing their own career agendas, and feel little loyalty to the organisation that employs them. They are also often attracted to the idea of working in small organisations, like business start-ups (Graham and Jackson, 2001). At a national level in the UK, policy initiatives in this area have focused on employability. This has been understood primarily as the need for life-long learning and continuous skill development that equips people to survive continuous change. Much effort has been put into encouraging any kind of participation in learning, especially for the least qualified. Such policies tend to assume that individuals can make wise choices in education, and navigate the labour market successfully without much additional support. This has led to the recent, lively debate of the need for life-long career guidance, as well as life-long learning. Several commentators have attributed this shift to a move from a relational to a transactional psychological contract (Herriot and Pemberton, 1995). Put simply, many employees no longer trust their employers' intentions, and as a consequence feel that their work future is now much less predictable. Such feelings have been aggravated for many older workers over the last few LearnDirect (interestingly not called CareerDirect) offers some front-end advice, as well as information on courses. However, access to publicly provided career guidance for adults is still very limited and focused on certain groups, such as young adults and the long-term unemployed (OECD, 2004). 7
7 C ORPORATE PARTNERS RESEARCH PROGRAMME As a result, most people have to fall back either on their own resources or rely on their employers for career support. Several of the case studies presented in this report have considerably strengthened the career support they are offering their employees. However, the recent CIPD survey (2003) shows us there is still a long way to go and far more employers need to adopt a more proactive approach. We have already outlined the broad business case for career development, which argues for organisational action from a standpoint of self-interest. Effective action will also require employers to address the issues that will be influencing their employees' expectations and behaviour. 2.2 Changing career expectations for the 21st century Employers need to understand that the widening diversity of employment opportunities is accompanied by a similar diversity in the employment expectations and aspirations of employees. It is particularly important to realise that these changing employee expectations will affect the shape of careers in the future as much as changes in business, technology and globalisation. Many of the underlying factors that make workforce attitudes particularly important are not new, but employers ignore their consequences at their peril. Essentially, this is the mix of changing social expectations interacting with demographics. Key issues to grapple with include: Lifestyle changes: Young people are settling down later. This is partly a result of many more staying in education longer and therefore delaying their entry to work or taking several years before they establish themselves in the labour market. Some also choose to take time out to travel. Women are choosing to have children later, partly because they and their partners want to establish their careers, but they are also influenced, particularly in the UK, by the high cost of housing. Gender: As more women work, especially in managerial and professional roles, traditional ideas about the sequence of a career become less appropriate. Most women want to have access to flexible or part-time working in early to mid-career, but not to give up all hopes of career progression as a result (Kodz et al., 2002). Many men are also affected by the career decisions of their partners. Diversity: The workforce is becoming more diverse, not just because of gender or because people from ethnic minority backgrounds make up an increasing proportion of young people, but also because of the wider range of routes taken through education, and with more people returning to education and then wishing to re-enter the labour market at a later age. Movement between employers and recruitment at all levels also means large organisations now take in recruits with very varied career experiences. High potential, high career expectations: The intense competition to recruit 'talent' has led to very high expectations around career progression and access to development among some of the most able employees, especially early in their careers. The promise of rapid career progression is often made, as is the promise of high quality career management. Such employees will complain and threaten to leave if these promises are not kept. Managing the careers of very able employees without pandering to their 'superbrat' tendencies is a real challenge. Older workers: Managing the late stages of a career will become a major challenge as the number of over-50s increases dramatically over the next decade. Fast-paced career progression has seen many organisations pensioning off their senior managers at this age. Less fortunate individuals with slower-paced careers and a 8
8 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS more uncertain financial future may have to continue working for longer than they had anticipated or be looking for new work because of the inadequacy of their pensions. Motivating and retaining this group will be a key focus for employers. The impact of all the contextual factors summarised here needs to feed into the career development strategies adopted by employing organisations. The longer-term implications of these changes for managing careers in large organisations are further considered in the conclusion to this report (Section 6). 9
9 C ORPORATE PARTNERS RESEARCH PROGRAMME 3. Career development strategy 3.1 What is a career development strategy? HR people are asked periodically to come up with a career development strategy. So, just what should this contain? A simple answer might be: an explanation of what the organisation means by 'career' a definition of the career development 'deal.' What is the organisation offering, and to which employees? What does the employee bring to their side of the deal? some principles and values about the manner in which career activities are undertaken a simple explanation of the processes managers and employees are expected to use in managing careers clarity about who does what, ie the specific roles of line managers, senior managers, HR professionals and so on not just the roles of the organisation and the employee in general. 3.2 Some key elements of a strategy In this section we will say a bit more about the first three of the above. Processes and roles are dealt with in Sections 4 and What do we mean by 'career'? In Section 1, we looked at some general definitions of career, and in Section 2 at some of the factors that are changing the nature of careers. It is important to stress that inside an organisation careers are not just about upward progression although this remains an important aspect of careers. Careers are also about being able to move around the organisation to find work you enjoy and work where you will make your best possible contribution to the business. Job interest, variety and personal growth should not just be the preserve of the few. no career paths any more', implying that the way we move from one job to another is entirely random. This is clearly nonsense (Guest and Mackenzie-Davey, 1996). The jobs we do condition the jobs we can do afterwards, which is why the CV is such an important currency. Career paths have become more flexible, but organisations still have them whether they want to or not. A clear, strategic duty is to explain those broad paths to employees. Organisations also have strategic choices about whether to encourage narrow paths or more flexible ones, including more lateral movement between types of work or business units. The BP case study and accompanying Figure 1 (page 13) show how BP explains to its largely professional and managerial workforce the different kinds of careers it can offer. Other organisations define careers through key functions, skill groups or 'job families' that cover all levels of staff. Clear definitions of broad levels of work are also important to understanding career structures. Confusing or secret pay and grading systems make managing careers almost impossible in large organisations What is the career deal between the organisation and the employee? Too often, career strategies are a list of what employees cannot have. They say that there are no careers for life, upward careers are limited, employees need to manage their own careers, and so on. They say a lot about what the employee has to give to the organisation usually undying commitment, total flexibility, continuous learning and a willingness, should this be necessary, to be made redundant. These statements say almost nothing about what the organisation will give in terms of supporting career development. A frequent message from organisations is that 'there are What we need on the employer's side of the career deal 10
10 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS are realistic and positive career messages, like we: want you to progress your career for as long as you stay with us will try and get to know you very well so we can understand how to make the best possible use of your abilities will help you understand as much as possible about the business, its broad career paths and skill needs, and the changing labour market so you can identify realistic future career options will develop you by giving you a range of challenging work experiences will make sideways career moves genuinely accessible will work with you as an active partner in your career. We will seek to increase the contribution you make to the business over time, taking full account of your aspirations and preferences. It is perfectly possible to offer employees a more positive message about careers without being unrealistic. The Nationwide case study (page 14) is an example of an organisation that is upfront about wanting all its employees to develop their careers and offers explicit support for those who wish to do so Career deals with differing degrees of employer support Large organisations used to manage careers often very badly by managers simply moving employees from one job to another as they saw fit. In the early 1990s, their response to restructuring and downsizing was to tell employees that they were now responsible for managing their own careers (Hirsh and Jackson, 1996). Although this recognised the reality of an increasingly turbulent labour market and the demise of paternalistic employment relationships, this career deal what we might call 'unsupported self-development' was pretty hopeless for both employees and organisations. Without a degree of support, employees lacked the information and understanding they needed to manage their careers effectively (Waterman et al., 1994). The Nationwide approach is what we might call 'supported self-development.' That is, the employee takes primary responsibility for their own career, but there is extensive support, mostly information and advice, provided by the employer. Several cases in this paper show the shift from unsupported to supported selfdevelopment that has gained momentum over the last five years or so. A career deal that is far more driven by the organisation is common for some employee groups. We might call this the 'corporate career development' deal. So, senior managers and often those identified as potential senior managers have careers that are far more actively planned by the organisation, and where job moves are engineered on behalf of the employee. In some organisations, senior specialists are included alongside senior managers in this more corporate approach to careers. Between these two models is the deal favoured by many writers on this subject a 'career partnership'. In this idealised model, the individual and organisation take equal responsibility for careers, and negotiate explicitly to meet both sets of needs (Herriot and Pemberton, 1995). The difference between supported self-development and partnership deals is quite subtle but very significant. Supported self-development often amounts to giving the employee more information and advice on which to base their career plan, which the employee then implements. A partnership career deal is different in three ways: 1. The employee's career plan is built by considering the ideas and preferences of both the individual and 11
11 C ORPORATE PARTNERS RESEARCH PROGRAMME the organisation, and is explicitly discussed and agreed as sensible by both parties. 2. The organisation shares the responsibility for implementing the career plan, especially with regard to supporting access to work experience and job moves. 3. These two features imply a third that some 'agent' of the organisation (one person or a well-organised group of people) is there to do the negotiating, agreeing and supporting. In a self-managed deal, there can be many agents giving advice or information without much coordination or formality. We see something aspiring to the partnership deal in some of the case study organisations, mostly those with a high density of employees in managerial and professional roles. Some graduate schemes also offer career partnership rather than a corporately-managed career. In practice, most large organisations have a segmented deal self-development (supported to a greater or lesser extent) for all employees, plus corporately-managed careers for key groups. It is particularly interesting to note that organisations espousing well-supported, selfmanaged careers for most employees are still pursuing corporate career development for selected groups of employees (CIPD, 2003). 3.3 Issues of fit and consistency The CIPD Managing Employee Careers Survey (2003) found that career management activities are partly, but not fully, integrated with HR strategy, and respondents did not feel that career management activities necessarily met business needs. The case study examples show that the career development approach needs to be tailored to fit business needs, and the culture of the organisation. Several aspects of 'fit' are important: Business and workforce fit: A successful career development strategy fits the needs of the business, and also the characteristics and attitudes of the kinds of people it employs. HR fit: Career strategy, processes and roles need to align with wider HR strategies, processes and roles. Internal consistency: Career development processes need to be consistent with each other, especially in how jobs and skills are defined, and how information generated by one process (eg appraisal) is used by another (eg succession planning) How can people expect to be treated? Whatever the career deal, there may be some important values that underpin how processes take place, and how employees are treated. These form an important part of a career development strategy. Such principles or values may include: fairness, objectivity and meritocracy, openness, transparency of process, and respecting confidentiality. 12
12 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS Case studies: 1 2 CASE STUDY 1 BP: Varied career paths for diverse business needs BP is a global energy company with around 116,000 employees. It is capital intensive, and the workforce is highly qualified. BP needs an approach to career development that fits its strong emphasis on people management, and meets its very varied needs for both technical and leadership capability. Since the early 1990s, BP has emphasised the management of people, and both performance management and staff development are key facets of line management. Career development is seen as a partnership between the employee and his or her team leader. Employees are expected to initiate their own development, formulate a personal development plan and discuss this plan with their boss. Employees can expect their line manager to give realistic feedback on their plan, and practical support in achieving agreed development activities or positioning themselves for career moves. Individuals at all but the most senior levels take the initiative in obtaining their own career moves by applying for vacant posts, which are internally advertised. In parallel with this general approach, BP has for many years had corporate schemes for the active career development of relatively small numbers of potential senior executives. Although the approach has been modified over the years, it has always had an emphasis on giving high potential people a wide range of career experience, including varied functions, Figure 1: Varied management and professional career paths in BP Functional Functional specialists leadership Business leadership Senior leadership Experienced hires Professionals Source: BP plc, 2004 Graduate entrants 13
13 C ORPORATE PARTNERS RESEARCH PROGRAMME types of business and international moves. In its current form, the Group Executive Development Programme covers about 130 people selected in their late 20s to early 30s through assessment centres and manages their development for 7 10 years. As BP has become more truly global, selection for this programme now looks for a diverse group of participants with cultural awareness as well as people skills and a strong track record of performance. In addition to general managers, BP needs many functional leaders who, at the top of this career path, fill functional director posts. The business also needs senior specialists, with limited managerial responsibilities, in many areas of science, engineering and technology, and in commercial and support functions. So, there are broadly three different types of career path in BP as shown in Figure 1. Individuals can to some extent move across these career paths as the needs of the organisation and their own ambitions change. Recently, the specialist career route has been strengthened through a professional recognition programme developed to promote individuals on their functional excellence, and to offer senior specialists equivalent recognition and rewards to those for business and functional leaders. CASE STUDY 2 Nationwide Building Society: positive career support for all Nationwide Building Society has about 15,000 employees, many of whom work in local branches. It has used a profitchain analysis to demonstrate positive links between employee commitment, customer loyalty, sales, and profitable business growth. Staff surveys in the late 1990s showed career development as an area of relative dissatisfaction for staff. Employees were unclear about what kinds of careers were on offer, and also the processes by which their careers might develop. Over the last few years, Nationwide has developed a very positive approach to career development support for all employees, strategically linked to its business goal of achieving high levels of employee commitment. A philosophy of career partnership puts the individual in the driving seat and offers to facilitate career planning and access to opportunities through comprehensive career information and advice. Care was taken to develop a career message that most employees could identify with. It includes: 'Making the most of your talent. Taking the most from your opportunities. Giving the best you are able to give. Preparing yourself today for tomorrow.' A range of clear and visible mechanisms support this career strategy. First, individuals are encouraged to discuss their career with their line manager, using a simple 'Career Planner' framework. This discussion builds on, but is separate to, the annual performance review. Second, the intranet offers a range of career facilities including self-help career planning tools, information on career options and specific job vacancies. Individuals can search for particular kinds of job vacancies or register their interest in the kind of job that interests them. Third, individuals can contact the central Career and Leadership Development Team, who offer independent career advice through telephone and . Career workshops are also on offer. All these supporting mechanisms have been developed by a very small central team working in consultation with employees and in-house IT support. Their work was recognised in 2003 by a Personnel Today award for innovation in career development. 14
14 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS Nationwide tracks how well it is seen as delivering on its career promise, and how this indicator moves against employee satisfaction, commitment and retention. Three-quarters of Nationwide staff say they have the opportunity for personal development and growth compared with under a third in the companies against which they benchmark. Lower than average staff turnover for the financial sector is estimated to save over 8 million a year. 15
15 C ORPORATE PARTNERS RESEARCH PROGRAMME 4. Processes for managing careers 4.1 Current practice A sound strategy for career development is only the first step. Practical processes for delivering career development are also crucial. Many HR processes can be involved in managing careers, and that is part of the problem. There are a number of useful reviews of career development, illustrating a wide range of practices, for example Arnold (1997), King (2004), Gratton and Hailey (1999), IDS (1999) and Baruch (2004). However, it is clear from the recent CIPD survey (2003) that organisations mostly rely on: career planning discussions that are supposed to take place as part of formal appraisal (or sometimes development review) with the line manager internal, open job vacancy systems that allow employees to see and apply for vacant posts a range of planning mechanisms and development schemes for employees regarded as being of particular value succession planning and high potential or graduate development programmes are the most common of these. This set of processes is a partial solution to the problem of how to manage careers, but it does have some important weaknesses: open job markets only help career development if employees already have a realistic career plan and know the kind of job they are looking for. The information and career advice to get employees to this point are often lacking. One consequence of this is the risk of some employees becoming job applicant junkies employees who spend a lot of their work time applying for jobs for which they are not suited relying on the immediate line manager to give career information and advice in an appraisal interview has two weaknesses: first, the appraisal process and second, the boss. Telling employees to discuss their career once a year at the end of a long negotiation about pay rarely does the trick. In a study of effective career discussions, only 7% occurred in appraisals (Hirsh et al., 2001) this study also showed that over-reliance on the boss is a problem. Managers often have a limited view of career options and employees often do not wish to rock the boat with their own manager by raising the possibility of a career move. Lots of people have periods without a boss, or they have a boss they hate, or a very remote boss, or they have a rapid succession of bosses, none of whom they get to know well corporate career planning for 'special groups' is often better conceived, although rarely well and consistently implemented for any length of time. There is often insufficient dialogue with individuals, and development schemes in early or mid-career can come to an end without preparing employees adequately for managing the next stage of their careers. 4.2 From processes to purposes getting a clearer view In reviewing or redesigning career development processes, it can be helpful to think first about what purposes a set of processes needs to address. Figure 2 is a simple model of such purposes.the model is based on simple ideas long used in career guidance that are related to bringing together a knowledge of the individual and their career options, forming a plan and then taking action. The model is applicable whether we are looking at how to support employees in managing their own careers, or at corporately-managed career activities. The five main elements of the model are as follows: 1. Employee skills and aspirations is about understanding the individual. For an employee, this is self-awareness of 16
16 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS Figure 2: Underlying purposes of career development activity in organisations Employee skills, potential and aspirations Career planning: Discussions Advice Plans Negotiation Business needs and career options Source: Hirsh, 2003 Work experiences and job moves Skill development his or her values and aspirations. This is supported by feedback from the organisation on perceived performance, skills and potential. In organisational career planning, this is about the 'supply' of employees and their interests and preferences, as well as their capabilities and experience. 2. Business needs and career options is about career paths and levels of opportunity. For the individual, it is about understanding the career structure of the organisation and the kinds of jobs that might be open to them. In organisational career planning, it is the 'demand' side the numbers and kinds of people needed, and shortages or surpluses. 3. Career planning is about using the first two information inputs above to frame career plans. For the employee, the career planning activity often involves having discussions and getting advice from various sources; identifying and exploring options; framing plans; and possibly negotiating around some things for which they need organisational support (eg getting some training, an internal secondment, a sideways career move into another department, etc). In organisational career planning, succession planning includes sharing information, framing plans and negotiation, both among senior managers and, increasingly, with the individual employees involved. 4. Work experiences and job moves is about the all important processes that make job moves happen. These can be employee- or employer-led. They can also include ways of doing new things without necessarily moving job, eg job rotation, work shadowing, project working, secondments and assignments. 5. Skill development via formal training and education, and also work-based learning (eg coaching) is often required to bring a career plan to fruition. 17
17 C ORPORATE PARTNERS RESEARCH PROGRAMME As a rule of thumb, an organisation needs some way of attending to each of these five main components. With this framework in mind, we will now look at some of the processes that can be used to support careers. Figure 3 shows just some of these. We can see that quite a few processes are used mostly for limited populations whose careers are being more corporately managed. Employees taking responsibility for their own careers use mostly what we might call 'core HR processes' especially appraisal, training and the job filling process. The newer processes, illustrated by several of the case study organisations, are often aimed at improving access to career information and advice. Relatively informal processes are very important in career management in information and advice, in influencing job moves, and in learning (Hirsh et al., 2001). 4.3 Corporately-managed careers As we discussed in Section 3, much effort goes into managing the careers of selected populations, especially: very senior people, those seen as having the potential to reach senior levels, and some entry groups (especially graduate trainees). Special career-management processes tend to be used for these groups Talent management The processes for managing high potential and senior Figure 3: Some processes used in career development CORPORATELY-MANAGED CAREER PROCESSES CORE HR PROCESSES SUPPORT FOR SELF-MANAGED CAREERS Succession planning and high potential development Personal support e.g mentors, coaches Job design and competence framework Formal Reviews: Appraisal/development reviews Personal development plans (PDPs) Testing/assessing skills eg tests, centres, 360-degrees Career information and advice: Self-help and intranet Workshops 1:1 advice Development schemes Leadership development Training and education Self-study Managed job moves Job-filling processes Open internal vacancy posting Informal career information, advice and networking Source: Hirsh,
18 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS people need to cover all five purposes and be strongly integrated. They often include special assessment processes (eg assessment or development centres, 360- degree feedback) that feed into succession planning and the selection of staff for high potential or accelerated development programmes. The fashionable term 'talent management' is used to describe a combination of succession planning and high potential development activities, while the term 'talent pipeline' is used to convey the need for 'talented' people at different career stages and often includes graduate recruitment as its start point. Explanatory accounts of succession and talent management processes include those by the Corporate Leadership Council (1997), Charan et al. (2001), Holbeche (1998), IRS (1997) and Hirsh (2000). Corporately-managed career processes are also characterised as a collective process where assessments, business needs and possible career plans are shared between groups of managers. They often build in considerable dialogue with individuals to find out their needs and aspirations. Enriched skill development is often part of the deal for these groups, delivered through leadership development programmes and, increasingly, through the personal support of mentors and coaches. The career moves of selected individuals are usually engineered to some extent by the organisation. Corporate career planning can easily become a paper process in which the senior managers involved become bored and disengaged. The Barclays case study (page 20) shows an example of re-invigorated talent management. Corporate career development is very difficult for some organisations. In the public sector, for example, career moves are often from one organisation to another in national job markets. For example, this is the case in local government, education and health. The NHS case study (page 20) shows how it may help for employing organisations in the same sector to co-operate in succession planning and the career development of future leaders Organisational career management to meet particular needs Corporately-led career management does not have to be for senior managers only. Many early-career training schemes combine formal training with actively managed work experience. Graduate training schemes usually follow this model. Some organisations run mid-career development schemes, which pick up employees who need extra development in order to make a career transition often into management. The National Trust case study (page 21) describes a scheme, not restricted to graduate entrants, that is designed to grow scarce skills and help fill some of the Trust s key positions. Where flexible deployment is very important, for example in many project environments, the organisation may largely control career moves. The HSBC case study (page 22) shows how an unusual method of managing the careers of relatively small numbers of people can meet both organisational needs and the aspirations of people who want truly global careers. Conscious intervention in careers by the organisation can also be a way of increasing the representation of under-represented groups. The Metropolitan Police case study (page 22) shows how a special scheme can position women and ethnic minority staff better in order to access particular career paths at senior levels. 19
19 C ORPORATE PARTNERS RESEARCH PROGRAMME Case studies: 3 7 CASE STUDY 3 Barclays: Refreshing talent management Barclays is a financial services company with 75,000 employees worldwide. In 2001, the HR agenda was aligned more closely with business priorities. Leadership development and talent management were identified as two key areas for improvement. Barclays had long practised succession planning, but the process was onerous and lacked a Group-wide perspective. As a result, the discovery of talent was ad hoc and subjective, and there was little development or movement of high potential people across the organisation. A central Talent Team was charged with the task of refreshing and improving the end-to-end talent-management processes, including executive resourcing, succession planning, leadership development, middle-management talent identification and graduate recruitment and development. The new approach involves senior managers working with HR business partners in a more collaborative way to identify and develop talent. There is less emphasis on paperwork, and more concentration on dialogues between senior managers, HR and high potential individuals. It is corporately managed for the top three organisational levels (roughly the top 500 posts), and more devolved for the 'emerging talent' below this level. 'Talent' is now defined through 20 characteristics Barclays looks for in its future Group leaders. These are grouped together under the three Es': be Exceptional (eg driving for success, stretching the boundaries), Edge (eg learns quickly, demonstrates sound judgement), and Energising (eg mobilises others, makes things happen). The refreshed succession-planning framework has a strong focus on the distribution of potential so that areas of risk can be identified. It asks leaders what action they are taking to develop and deploy talent in their business area. Talent Development Forums (TDFs) have been introduced to ensure that high potential people, identified during Group talent conversations, gain access to the key experiences they need to reach group-wide leadership roles. TDFs bring 'talented' individuals into a direct discussion with senior executives (outside their own line management), plus an input from HR. The process started with selected talent identified in the top three levels, and is now being extended downwards. The outcome is a set of agreed career development actions. The process has also helped senior executives get to know the high potential population better. For the 'emerging talent' group of high potential middle managers, Talent Partners are assigned. These are senior managers who develop individuals towards Group leadership roles through an intensive coaching relationship. CASE STUDY 4 NHS: A sectoral approach to the career development of leaders Succession planning and the proactive development of talent can be difficult in the public sector due to the fragmented nature of the organisations involved. Each NHS Trust, for example, has been responsible for its own succession planning and talent development. Now, in addition to strengthening access to qualifications for all employees, the NHS is adopting a more systematic, national approach to the development of senior leaders, managers and clinicians across the health service. The NHS Leadership Centre provides a central focal point for the skill and career management of current and potential 20
20 MANAGING CAREERS IN LARGE ORGANISATIONS senior leaders. It has launched the NHS Leadership Qualities Framework and a wide range of development opportunities, including the recently launched scheme, NHS Leaders. NHS Leaders is the health service s first national succession planning and career development scheme. It is aimed, initially, at the 1,000 most senior leaders in the NHS across England (ie chief executives and directors). The national scheme is being supported by two, more local, pilot schemes in eight Strategic Health Authorities. The scheme will work with local NHS Trusts and Authorities to identify managers and clinicians with the potential for senior roles, and then facilitate their broader career development across a range of NHS employers. Jacqui Stewart, Director of Career Development and Succession Planning at the NHS Leadership Centre, comments: NHS Leaders puts career development on a far more structured platform. Besides being supportive and developmental, it encourages good practice and a systematic approach to senior recruitment. More information can be found on In response to a decline in training opportunities and concerns about the future supply of gardeners and countryside wardens, the Careership Scheme, in its current format, was established by the National Trust in Careership is a three-year training programme for gardeners and countryside wardens that combines college-based residential training with practical experience, either in one of the National Trust s gardens or at one of the many areas of coast or countryside that it looks after. The training programme is designed to develop the expertise required to look after historic gardens, parks and the countryside. Trainees are employed under an experienced Head Gardener or Warden who has a track record of training staff. Over their three years on the scheme, they become part of the local team using the learning and experience from college to develop their practical skills. At the end of their training they will have acquired a Level 3 NVQ, along with relevant specialist qualifications in either amenity horticulture or environmental conservation. The programme intersperses college-based training in residential blocks of 1 or 2 weeks with practical work experience at the garden, coast or countryside area where they are based. CASE STUDY 5 The National Trust: Careership Scheme for gardeners and wardens The National Trust is the largest independent conservation organisation in Britain. It is also the largest independent landowner in England, Wales and Northern Ireland with over 200 gardens and more than 200 historic houses in its care, and with over 3 million members, the largest membership organisation in Europe. It employs approximately 4,500 staff and also has nearly 40,000 volunteers working alongside staff. Careership is open to both school leavers and career changers (some of whom have been university graduates). Currently, 21 people are recruited into the scheme with 13 places in amenity horticulture and eight in environmental conservation. Many trainees have gone on to work for the National Trust, but some have joined other organisations. It is not unusual for someone to go off to work elsewhere before coming back to work for the National Trust. Some also go on to complete further qualifications, such as an HND in Forestry. Not only has Careership ensured the supply of gardeners and 21
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FREE course for budding businesses
Free places are on offer to those new to business in the Boston area.
The University of Lincoln and the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) have joined forces to offer 100 free places on a new flexible online short course for aspiring entrepreneurs and self-employed people in Lincolnshire.
The new programme of accreditation aims to support owners and managers of small and medium enterprises with the process of start, run and grow their own business.
The course is studied entirely online, using video, text-based resources and self-assessment tests so learners can fit the course around other commitments, choosing when and where to study to meet their needs.
There are two phases to the programme with 50 places available on each. These places are now being offered free of charge to FSB members in Greater Lincolnshire.
Funded in partnership by the University of Lincoln and FSB, the programme, 'Sustaining Self-Employment - A Short Course for FSB Members', will address two distinct phases of small business ownership.
Phase 1: The Start-up Business - Beginning and structuring a small business - consists of six modules covering defining the requirement and expectation, researching the market place, understanding the customer needs, assessing financial needs and structure, writing a business plan and ensuring viability.
Phase 2: The Growing Business - Effective control of expansion and the employment of others - the six modules in Phase 2 cover cash flow and profitability projections, promoting your service and/or product, planning and maximising the use of resources, the legal and regulatory environment, dealing with the employment of people and presenting the business plan
The programmes begin in February- learners can start their studies at any time after that date but must complete the course by the end of October 2017.
Certificates of Completion will be awarded by the University of Lincoln after each phase. A tutor from the university will be available to answer questions and support students' learning.
David Dexter of the Greater Lincolnshire and Peterborough FSB said: "It is an accepted fact that one-in-three new businesses fail within the first three years.
"Lack of knowledge of how to become self-employed, the difference from paid employment, who to register with, how to raise capital , how to manage cash flow and how to write a business plan all contribute to failure .
"Then the development of the new business poses further challenges in order to expand, take on premises, acquire employees, marketing and promotion, enter bigger contracts, etc.
"This new course will present the self-employed with support to sustain their new business and grow it for the future."
For an application form contact Emma Kinna at the University of Lincoln on firstname.lastname@example.com or telephone 01522 835553. For more information visit: http://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/llmc/courses/

subset: commoncrawl


text: On 11/03/2009 07:27 PM, Rod Smith wrote: > On Tuesday 03 November 2009 04:07:22 pm Robert McNamara wrote: > >> Fine Tune Font Size (should be theme controlled) >> > This is one I wouldn't want to see go away. It's been quite a while since I > set up my Myth box, but I distinctly recall having to fine-tune the font > sizes to get something that was both legible and small enough to fit enough > text in the menus, dialogs, etc. for my screen resolution, screen size, and > viewing distance. This setting applies /only/ to Qt/unthemed sections of MythTV (it's actually called, "QtFonTweak," which was both descriptive of its purpose and a fun little slurred-together name). As soon as the settings/setup is mythui'ed, the setting will be completely unused in the code. Change the value to the the 2 limits and you'll see absolutely no difference in menus or any themed portion of Myth. >> Display live preview of recordings (will be theme controlled) >> > This is another item that really does vary a lot from one installation to > another. I found the previews distracting, and worse, they slowed things down > enough that I didn't like them. (They made the UI sluggish.) This performance > degradation is likely to be worse on systems with weaker CPUs, so it's > perfectly reasonable for a person to want to disable live previews in favor > of static or no previews. > sed -i -e '/<livepreview/d' CPUHungryTheme/*.xml (making up tag names, but you get the point--just edit the theme if you must use a theme whose author likes live preview, but you don't want it) >> OSD Font (themer controlled upon MythUI conversion) >> Font Size (themer controlled upon MythUI conversion) >> Default Caption Font Type (themer controlled upon MythUI conversion) >> ALL the caption font settings (themer controlled upon MythUI conversion) >> > See above. It might be reasonable to fold these settings up with general UI > font settings, though, if that's convenient. > Since the font face and size determines the amount of space required to present the text, it makes a lot of sense to make these theme controlled. If not, then users will see the themes as broken when "the text doesn't fit" or "there's all sorts of wasted space." This is the same reason that the UI theme now handle /all/ font face and sizing selection--because you can't expect to just stuff any old font/size in there and have everything fit properly. Even the <size:small> and <size:big> were removed from the UI themes, and, therefore, the setting allowing users to select default, small, or big fonts was removed. Before they were removed, themers had to write the theme with one size, then go back through and re-test/adjust all 100+ screens in the theme 2 more times for the other 2 sizes. Because of the amount of work this was, none of the themes really did this properly (and many left out one or both of <size:small> and <size:big>--so the settings seemed to be "broken" when in fact the themes were incomplete). Generally the themes all worked well on one size and not on others (basically, they worked well on the setting the author specified)--and to make matters worse, the one size that worked was different with different themes. Those same <size:small> and <size:big> tags will also be removed from the OSD themes when the OSD is converted to mythui because it's just not feasible to expect themers to redo their theme 3 times. It's actually easier for someone to take a (much-simplified because of the lack of settings) theme and modify it for their particular desires (and only have to test the changes once--versus 3 different times). Then, if they feel it warrants redistribution, they can make their modified version available. > Nick Rout wrote: > >> (2) make the settings more accessible. From each screen/plugin add a >> context menu button to go straight to the config options for that >> screen. (presently its escape back to main menu, forward through >> several setup menus, make the changes then escape back out to main >> menu and all the way back to your screen. My suggestion is not only >> more user friendly in terms of button presses, but may save those >> endless posts asking "where is the settings option for foobar" - the >> answer will become "from the foobar screen hit [info] and choose >> [settings]" >> > > This is an excellent suggestion. I've wasted more time than I care to > contemplate moving back and forth between the recordings list and the plaback > settings options pages when trying to fine-tune my playback settings. Agreed, and as Robert mentioned, this is an eventual goal--but one made much easier to accomplish once we get rid of some of the cruft. (After all, would you really want a 12-screen "context settings" for TV Playback?) Mike


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Apples, Pear and Hydrangea
Colette M. Metcalf 10/13/2011 4:53:11 AMBeautiful!! #1414948
Mary Beth Aiello 10/13/2011 8:32:09 AMGorgeous still life, Judith. #9732541
Debbie Bray 10/21/2011 12:49:40 PMLovely work, Judith! #9752751
Patricia A. Casey 12/27/2011 3:07:02 AMLovely still life composition Judith! Happy New Year...... #9888125
Shelly A. Van Camp 1/17/2012 8:59:08 AMA beauty!! #9925511
Exif: F Number: 4, Exposure Bias Value: -1.00, ExposureTime: 10/25000 seconds, Flash: did not fire., ISO: 900, White balance: Manual white balance, FocalLength: 32.00 mm, Model: NIKON D300
Uploaded on 10/13/2011 4:32:02 AM
Camera: Nikon D300 Digital SLR Camera
Copyright for this gallery photo belongs solely to Judith G. Secco. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
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text:
I am a self-proclaimed stamp and scrap-a-holic. I love just about all crafty products! We live just north of Seattle and my stampin space is "everywhere" in the house. So sit back, grabba Starbucks or a coke and take a moment to relax and visit with me! I'm glad you stopped by!
Sunday, November 8, 2009
CK Convention in Seattle at the Meydenbauer!
You know it's that time again! The Creating Keepsakes Convention in Seattle/Bellevue! This year I didn't sign up for any classes - instead I got to help work at the booth of one of my absolute favorite companies ever....Crafty Secrets! Spending time with Sandy Redburn the owner, and Jessie, a shop owner from B.C. was just about the highlight of my year! LOL These ladies are sweet, funny, amazing, and I thoroughly enjoyed every minute of my time with them! They have the neatest accent but it isn't that harsh british-y, "EH?!" sounding accent! Didn't get to shop quite as much as I would have liked, but that's probably for the better.
And gosh darn, I forgot to get pics right after we set everything up- but at least I got a few snapshots of some samples right before we tore down the booth. There were so many more pictures that I wish I could have taken.... but there will definitely be a next time so stay tuned!
At the bottom, it's the three of us...in the middle is Sandy, then Jessie- They are so awesome! I ♥ them!!
3 comments:
- ~amy~ said...
woo hooo...how fun that you got to work the convention!!!!!! Great pic of the 3 of you!!
- November 8, 2009 at 5:21 PM
- Vicki C said...
So glad you had a good time with them sweets! I know its hard work also..but fun to look at all the samples first hand. lol
I know Sandy really apprieciated haveing you there!
- November 10, 2009 at 5:59 AM
- Julie said...
Looks like you had a lot of fun! Surrounded by wonderful people and wonderful vintage samples is a fabulous way to spend your time!!!
Thanks for visiting my blog today, and for the kind comments--hope to see you again soon!
- November 17, 2009 at 1:30 PM


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Shadows On Stars – Portland, Oregon
Shadows On Stars appears to be on a mission to prove to the world..that yes people..it is possible to write great Indie Pop songs with all the hooks, big choruses and nuances..and yet do it all at around 2 ½  minutes! That's right folks!
No fluff…straight to the point…great songs!
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Fresh Track: Out of My Head
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text: I have seen over 20 doctors and get many diagnosis, but they always diagnosis me with C-PTSD. So now I am in this Out Patient program and this psychiatrist assigned to me was dismissive and rude and told me I did not have it without letting me explain my horrific child hood. I was so triggered and angry by this. It made me feel that the horrors I lived through were invalidated. I got support from a very wise FB friend and she said I should just let it go. That I was there to get help and to focus on that. So I spent today trying to figure out how to let it go, because I am so pissed. Well, I decided I will eventually see another therapist outside of the program and I know I will get this diagnosis and that it is OK if this dismissive doctor lacks the compassion and time to hear me out. I fired him and asked for another psychiatrist and she may or may not give me the opportunity to explain. I don't know how I will do as everyday I feel different, but I hope it does not cause me to much distress.


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it becomes worried, and worry causes exhaustion. — Chuang Tzu
In understanding the link between mind and body, one must recognize the mind controls the body and not vice versa. While the two are interdependent, the mind controls the combined organism, creating a functional human machine. This means that mental control is of the utmost importance, as reflected in Chuang Tzu's warning that the minds of men should not "let their bodily desires run away." The Center of Traditional Taoist Studies helps its congregation develop the mental facet of human existence as prerequisite to enlightenment. Because the mind is responsible for correctly perceiving reality and then issuing the proper commands to the body, this is the mechanism by which a spiritual man translates his understanding into action. For this reason, the mind can be a friend or an enemy. By issuing correct commands to the body, the spiritual person can optimally navigate through life's hardships; or, for the confused, it issues incorrect commands that cause its human vessel to batter itself senseless while traveling through life's dangerous waters. In essence, a clear mind enables the Taoist to synchronize himself with reality, while its opposite — confusion — prevents the mind from accurately perceiving reality and making correct decisions for action. Therefore, spirituality can never be achieved unless confusion is eliminated.
One of the most important ways to gain an understanding of reality is through Taoist philosophy. Correct philosophical principles teach the mind to accurately assess reality and thus counter the effects of incorrect thinking due to dysfunctional notions originating from dogma. In this regard, Lao Tzu's philosophy uses nature as its model of reality, unpolluted by man's complicated distortions. He defined principles reflecting the true dynamics of reality. The Center of Traditional Taoist Studies teaches a curriculum with Nine Cardinal Principles at its core.
While Taoist philosophical principles can help the rational individual find his way out of confusion's fog, it needs a practical means to fight off competing unhealthy thoughts instilled since birth and reinforced each day on television. Taoist principles may make logical sense, but the modern mind must battle emotions born of years following countervailing beliefs. Such ingrained patterns dog the mind with thoughts that disturb one's mental state, causing it to run amok.
It remains in its place passively... — Chuang Tzu
Taoism's founder, Lao Tzu, encouraged "stillness" as a way to clear the quagmire of runaway thoughts that block one's view of reality. He prescribed a regimen of "mental hygiene," a process to rid oneself of the confused thoughts born of dysfunctional values. It is the mental equivalent of bathing. Chuang Tzu wrote, "When you are disturbed by the external senses and worried and confused, you should rest your mind and seek tranquility inside. When your mind is blocked and gets beyond your control, then you should shut out your external senses." Thus Taoism advocates a practical solution by which the individual learns to turn off his senses and down shut the brain for a rest. In essence, teaching the brain how to not think.
This prescription of not thinking led to the science of mental Chi Quong or "meditation," the practical application of Lao Tzu's mental hygiene. Just as physical Chi Quong develops the body to physically function better, mental Chi Quong improves the functions of the mind. By teaching the mind how to not think on command, it conversely allows one to better focus when intense concentration is needed. A mind that knows how to dwell in repose can spring into focus with greater intensity than a constantly frenetic and fatigued brain. Mental inaction allows for improved mental action. Therefore, the conscious act of disciplining the mind is equivalent to disciplining the body.
Mental Chi Quong is called "meditation" in the West. Its definition in America has been vague and unclear. Most Americans would describe meditation as the act of sitting in a relaxed position, thinking pleasant thoughts, and perhaps chanting. In short, they see meditation as really nothing more than mental entertainment. But this entertainment isn't going to discipline the mind and bring the benefits of concrete training. True Taoist meditation is more precisely described as a focusing exercise that employs visualization techniques to accomplish specific objectives. It uses a disciplined process of mental imagery to yield practical results. Discipline is key. It isn't entertaining to sit in place for hours, forcing the mind to focus on specific images while preventing it from wandering to some other, competing thoughts. Indeed, meditation is focused visualization — and it is most definitely work.
Although there are many forms of mental Chi Quong, the Center of Traditional Taoist Studies teaches three of the most important: (1) "emptiness," or ch'an, meditation (called "Zen" in Japan), (2) "burning" meditation, and (3) "traveling" meditation. Emptiness meditation teaches the mind to not think and thus rid itself of thoughts, while burning meditation "burns up" the stress of daily life. Both techniques contribute mental acuity by opening the individual's channels of chi and removing the blockages caused by nervous stress or physical dysfunction. Opening the meridian system through such mental cleansing enables chi to flow unimpeded. Traveling meditation is a prayer-like mental state by which congregation members can mentally "travel" to receive spiritual guidance and advice. This is performed in a special meditation hall under strict supervision of Grand Master Anatole.
Mental cleansing is doubly important because its benefits extend beyond the cerebral to the core of psychosomatic illness. Unlike Western medicine, Eastern healing emphatically contends that most diseases can be traced to physical imbalances triggered by mental dysfunction. Empirically, most laymen have found this to be true, noting that their susceptibility to the common cold increases during times of stress. Quite simply, stress reduces the body's immune system. And if you accumulate stress mentally, you need to eliminate it mentally. This explains how mental Chi Quong's reduction of mental stress yields physical benefits.


text: The Baths at Virgin Gorda are spectacular!! The rock formations (which are actually the "baths") are gorgeous! We were able to make it to the Baths with a day sail with Cruz Bay Watersports (check them out and my review there - great company!!). A few words of caution: 1. The path through the baths are a TIGHT squeeze! I... More


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Rough Sea Shawl by Preita Salyer
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Rough Sea Shawl
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This pattern has been completely re-written, edited, and corrected as of October 20, 2011. If you downloaded before then please download again to get the correct and updated version
A wonderfully textured little shawl to show off your skeins of sock yarn to pretty to touch the ground. A simple and lovely lace pattern is paired with a fun pointed edging.
The wingspan of this shawl after blocking is 60 inches and it is 29 inches long at it's spine.
About this pattern
average rating of 3.0 from 47 votes
average difficulty from 51 ratings
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About this yarn
by Mountain Colors
60% Wool, 25% Mohair, 15% Nylon
400 yards / 100 grams
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9:00pm PT by Lesley Goldberg
'Scandal's' Tony Goldwyn Expected 'More Sugar' for Going to War for Olivia
The stars of ABC's Scandal filled the Dolby Theatre on Sunday during its PaleyFest panel, where moderator Jimmy Kimmel quizzed the cast on their favorite episodes and dialogue, and a fan pushed the cast to find out how they handle a personal scandal involving a co-star.
See more The Couples of Shondaland: 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Private Practice,' 'Scandal'
After Kimmel fielded an uncomfortable question from a fan asking directly about Short's exit from the series — he parted ways with the series following charges of domestic abuse — Kerry Washington (Olivia) stepped up and spoke for her co-stars.
"Everybody who is in this family is in this family, whether we're working on the show or not," she said. "Thank you for understanding why we're not going to answer that."
Aside from the heavy moment — which came after Kimmel mocked the audience member's fashion decisions — the panel was filled with laugher and felt like an extended segment of Kimmel's weekly time with the cast on Jimmy Kimmel Live.
Here are other highlights from the panel:
• Speaking about Thursday's Ferguson-themed episode, star Washington — who had laryngitis — noted the table read and subsequent live-tweet session felt "different." She noted the Twitter reaction didn't feel like Scandal's weekly "party" but "more like reflection."
"It eclipses any one person's identity because it was about lives mattering," she added later.
See more On-Set With the Gladiators: Inside the Fast-Paced World of ABC's 'Scandal'
• Co-star Tony Goldwyn (Fitz) admitted he "was hoping for a little more sugar" after Fitz went to war in a bid to save Olivia from her kidnappers.
• Washington and the cast were all surprised to see season one co-star Henry Ian Cusick return to reprise his role as Stephen in a recent episode this season to save Olivia. "I had a short cry," co-star Darby Stanchfield said. Washington said filming the emotional scene really reflected what both she and Cusick were feeling off-screen. She described the scene as a "homecoming" and considered it a way of "having some closure" for Stephen.
• Expect to see Jasika Nicole — Huck's (Guillermo Diaz) estranged wife, Kim — return again. "It's definitely not a closed subject; it's not over," Diaz said.
Stay tuned to THR's The Live Feed for more Scandal scoop this week.
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