text:
- Original research article
- Open Access
Improving the carbon footprint of water treatment with renewable energy: a Western Australian case study
- Wahidul K. Biswas1Email author and
- Pauline Yek2
© The Author(s) 2016
- Received: 17 February 2016
- Accepted: 22 August 2016
- Published: 8 September 2016
A life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out on three separate drinking water production options—a groundwater treatment plant (GWTP), surface water treatment plant and seawater desalination plant (electrodialysis) in order to calculate the carbon footprint associated with each process and to identify the areas of production with high levels of GHG emissions in order to develop strategies for reducing their carbon footprint. The results obtained from the LCA show that the highest GHG emissions are from the seawater desalination plant via electrodialysis (ED) where the GHG emissions were 2.46 kg CO2 equivalent (eq). By comparison, the GWTP has the lowest carbon footprint emitting some 0.38 kg CO2 eq for water delivery to households. The GHG emission contribution of electricity generation for the GWTP, surface water treatment plant and seawater ED plants was 95, 82 and 98 %, respectively. Furthermore, the GHG emissions associated with this production process can be further reduced by including renewable energy power generation in its operations.
- Carbon footprint
- Water supply options
In Western Australia (WA), the water flows were dropped significantly during 1997–2005 from an annual average of 161GL (1974–1997) to 115GL per year (Perth Seawater Desalination Plant 2006). This is mainly due to the low rainfall and the climate change initiating the drought. Moreover, the demand on drinking water supply is also increasing owing to the rapid growth of the populations with the estimation around 3.5 million people by the middle of the century (Taylor 2010). Therefore, under the pressure of drought-stricken and rapid expansion of the populations, it is predicted there will be imbalanced between the water supply and the public demand if nothing is done either to decrease the water demand or to improve the efficiency of water supply by 2030. In forecast, the water demand will exceed the water supply by 100GL on annual basis by 2030 (Mercer 2009).
The Integrated Water Supply Scheme (IWSS) is the system that delivers water to over 2 million people in Perth, the Goldfields and Agricultural region and some parts of the South West each year. In 2014–2015, 17 % of water supplied into the IWSS came from surface water (from dams), 42 % from groundwater and 41 % from desalinated seawater (Water Corporation 2015). While less water will come from dams and more from desalination to secure groundwater sources in the future, the capacities of three currently used water supply options, including Wanneroo groundwater treatment plant (GWTP), surface water treatment plant and seawater desalination plant, need to be increased due to this decreasing water flows and increasing demand on drinking water supply in Western Australia.
The demand for electricity and chemicals for operating these treatment plants will increase to meet the future water demand. Consequently, GHG emissions associated with increased energy and chemical consumption will increase due to increase in the water treatment capacities of these plants. It is therefore important to use an environmental management tool that will allow to identify environmental mitigation opportunities in the water treatment process.
Life cycle assessment has widely been used to assess GHG emissions and other associated environmental impacts for water supply and wastewater treatment options in Australia and elsewhere in the world (Barber 2008; Coday et al. 2015; de Haas et al. 2009; Foley et al. 2007; Foley et al. 2010; Hall et al. 2011; Raluy et al. 2005; Stokes and Horvath 2006; Lane et al. 2010; Lundie et al. 2004; Racoviceanu et al. 2007; Shahabi et al. 2015a; Yoshida et al. 2013). None of them have calculated the net GHG emissions from all existing and alternative water supply options in Western Australia. However, it is important for the policy makers such as Water Corporation of WA to devise strategies to meet the increased demand of water with minimum environmental degradation.
In the case of WA, Hardisty et al. (2013) determined economically optimal wastewater treatment and discharge strategies by monetizing financial, environmental and societal values of six water treatment options. Ho and Anda (2006) discussed the overall sustainability benefit of the use of decentralized wastewater treatment system over the centralized system in WA, but they did not determine the life cycle environmental benefits, such as carbon footprint and embodied energy consumption. Thompson and Waite (2003) studied the environmental impact of the discharge of treated water to coastal marine ecosystem. In-depth studies have been carried out for centralized and decentralized seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination options taking into account life cycle assessment, economic feasibility, location of seawater, scale of production and clean energy sources considerations for WA (Shahabi et al. 2014; Shahabi et al. 2015a, b, c).
As the LCA of reverse osmosis desalination options has already been considered for WA (Biswas 2009; Shahabi et al. 2014), an LCA has been carried out in order to estimate the carbon footprint of other exiting options in WA including groundwater and surface water supply options and to identify hot spots for finding GHG mitigation opportunities of these options.
In addition to existing GWTP and surface water treatment plant, the current paper also considers the estimation of GHG emissions from another promising alternative water supply option which is a desalination plant via electrodialysis (ED). Although RO is usually preferred to ED due to the handling of large volume of flow rates, the advantages of ED over RO are the usage of less chemicals during pre-treatment, longer life expectancy and operation at low-to-moderate pressure (AFFA 2002).
This proposed LCA is important as it will enable to compare the environmental performance in terms of GHG emissions from groundwater (or GWTP), surface water and electrodialysis treatment processes. The proposed research will compare the GHG emissions of drinking water production from desalination plant (Biswas 2009) with that produced from GWTP, surface water treatment and ED plants. These outputs could provide additional information to Water Corporation to make a strategic decision in the implementation of less carbon-intensive water supply options.
The available published literature have shown that the use of fossil energy contributed significant portion (>90 %) of the total GHG emissions from the water treatment process (Racoviceanu et al. 2007; Biswas 2009). However, the replacement of fossil energy with renewable energy could reduce the GHG emissions significantly by more than 90 %. Thus, this paper has assessed whether this electricity has been the hotspot for existing groundwater and surface supply options.
Firstly, this paper presents the carbon footprint of three water supply options. Secondly, it has found out the most GHG emitting life cycle stage requiring further investigation to find mitigation strategy. Thirdly, this paper has found out electricity as the hotspot for three water supply options. Finally, an estimation has been made as to what amount of GHG emissions can be avoided from the most emitting option due to the use of available renewable energy resources.
The methodology that has been used for evaluating the LCA of different water sources associated with the technology used for the water supply options is based on ISO 14040-44 guideline (ISO 2007). The components of LCA that follows the ISO guideline are as follows: (1) goal and scope, (2) life cycle inventory, (3) life cycle impact assessment and (4) interpretation.
Goal and scope
The goal is to compare the global warming performance or carbon footprint of water production for residential sector for different sources of energy used in three water treatment plants in Western Australia. A functional unit is needed for quantifying the inputs of water production during the life cycle. The functional unit (FU) of this study is 1 m3 of scheme or treated water supplied to residential house, and this FU has in fact used to determine the scope or system boundary. The current study only considered the delivery of treated water to tap. It does not take into account the type of end-use appliances such as the type of smart shower head used. Nonetheless, the assessment of the carbon footprint on the capital equipment such as piping system, storage tank, building and machinery are not included due to their long life span (Biswas 2009).
Life cycle inventory (LCI)
Life cycle inventory for Wanneroo GWTP for 1 m3 of water production and delivery
Reference quantity
Calculated quantity
Unit per m3
Extraction process
Energy for pumping system
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Pre-treatment process
Spray aeration
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
MIEX® resin
mL resin/year/person
Bourke et al. (2011)
Cadee et al. (2011)
Coagulation clarification
Bourke et al. (2011)
Cadee et al. (2011)
Energy for treatment
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Energy for sludge handling
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
NaCl solution
g/L MIEX® resin
Slunjski, Cadee and Tattersall (2011)
Water Treatment Chemicals (2009)
Water Treatment Chemicals (2011)
Energy consumption
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Distribution process
Energy consumption
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Life cycle inventory for surface water treatment plant for 1 m3 of water production and delivery
Reference quantity
Calculated quantity
Unit per m3
Extraction process
Energy for pumping system
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Pre-chlorination process
Cadee et al. (2011)
Flocculation and coagulation process
mg Fe3+/L
g Fe3+
Water Treatment Chemicals (2009)
Cadee et al. (2011)
Energy for treatment
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Energy for sludge handling
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Sedimentation and filtration process
Water Treatment Chemicals (2011)
Water Treatment Chemicals (2009)
Water Treatment Chemicals (2011)
Energy consumption
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Distribution process
Energy consumption
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Life cycle inventory for seawater desalination plant via electrodialysis for 1 m3 of water production and delivery
Reference quantity
Calculated quantity
Unit per m3
Extraction process
Energy for pumping system
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Pre-treatment process
mg Fe3+/L
g Fe3+
Water Treatment Chemicals (2009)
Cadee et al. (2011)
Energy for treatment
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Electrodialysis process
8.40 × 10−11
meq/g dry membrane
1.05 × 10−10
Sadrzadeh and Mohammadi (2007, 442)
9.80 × 10−11
meq/g dry membrane
1.22 × 10−10
Sadrzadeh and Mohammadi (2007, 442)
Energy for treatment
Pilat (2001, 388)
Pilat (2001, 388)
Post-treatment process
Water Treatment Chemicals (2009)
Water Treatment Chemicals (2011)
Water Treatment Chemicals (2011)
Energy consumption
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
Distribution process
Energy consumption
Goldstein and Smith (2002)
For the surface water treatment plant, the first step for the water treatment is the screening process. The main purpose of screening is to remove the gross debris and contaminants. This is followed by removing taste- or odor-causing matters as well as preliminary disinfection through pre-oxidization by using chlorine. This stage is known as pre-chlorination. The smaller particles are removed in the next step where alum and polymer are added to promote particle agglomeration in the flocculation and coagulation process. Therefore, the smaller particles can be removed in the sedimentation and filtration steps easily. Finally, the second disinfection step is carried out to kill any remaining disease-causing organism. Table 2 shows the LCI consisting of inputs for pre-chlorination, flocculation and coagulation and sedimentation and filtration processes.
The energy consumption for extracting seawater and surface water has been considered to be 0.032 kWh/kL, while 0.041 kWh/kL has been considered for groundwater (Goldstein and Smith 2002). The energy consumption of treated water delivery has been considered to be the same for all water sources (i.e., 0.318 kWh/Kl) (Goldstein and Smith 2002).
Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA)
Impact assessment is the conversion of GHGs associated with the production and use of inputs to CO2 equivalent (kg CO2-e) amount of global warming impacts carbon footprint. Simapro 8.02 LCA software was used to generate the GHG emissions from different water treatment plants (PRé Consultants 2015). The input data in the inventory were inserted into the LCA software to determine the global warming impacts. The database of Australian LCA has been used to calculate the GHG emissions from the production of chemical inputs (Life Cycle Strategies Pty Ltd. 2015). The results obtain from the LCIA will reveal which of the process route has raised higher GHG emissions.
In order to make the GHG emission results more representative for Western Australia, local emission databases have mostly been used. In the absence of local databases, Ecoinvent databases were used to carry out the analysis. When neither a local nor a foreign database was available in the Simapro software for a particular product, a new emission database was created by obtaining GHG emission information from the literature (e.g., MIEX® Resin in this current LCA analysis).
The emission databases for chemicals is the Australian LCA database (Life Cycle Strategies Pty Ltd. 2015), which was used to calculate GHG emissions from the production of chemical inputs, such as chlorine, polymer and sodium chloride. Only in few cases, the emission factor for alum and fluorine were obtained from the Ecoinvent database (Hans-Jorg 2010), as local databases were unavailable.
An Australian study has been used to determine greenhouse gas emissions from the production of membrane for microfiltration while Mrayed and Leslie's study was used for emissions from membranes (Mrayed and Leslie 2009).
The emission databases for Western Australian electricity generation was used to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions (Life Cycle Strategies Pty Ltd. 2015).
Simapro software calculated the greenhouse gas emissions once the inputs and outputs were linked to the relevant libraries. The program sorted greenhouse gas emissions from the selected libraries/databases and then converted each selected greenhouse gas to CO2 equivalents (CO2-eq). Impact values of global warming are expressed over 20-, 100- and 500-year time horizons to enable policy makers to make relevant climate change decisions. Accordingly, individual greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4 and N2O) emissions from each production stage were converted to CO2-eq using established conversion factors for 20-, 100- and 500-year time horizons (IPCC 2013). But we only used 100-year horizon for converting GHGs to CO2-eq as it is considered as the reference for climate change policy (UNFCCC 1992; Fearnside 2002).
Interpretation is the step where the outcomes from the inventory analysis and impact assessment are evaluated in detail and come out with a conclusion for the best product or process route selection by compromising the uncertainty and the assumptions made throughout the LCA analysis. It finds out which input in the LCI in the water supply option is causing most GHG emissions in the water treatment and delivery process so that the appropriate mitigation strategy can be identified. The process flow network in the Simapro 8.02 LCA software has been used to find the breakdown of all inputs in terms of GHG emissions to find out the hotspot.
The researcher consulted the Water Corporation of Western Australia during the time of the project to know about the details of groundwater and surface water treatment systems. The corporation was able to provide the processes and chemicals used in these treatment processes only. Therefore, the amount of chemicals and energy used in these processes were sourced from available credited published sources. Thus, it is considered to be a limitation of this research as field data were not used.
Foreign databases and generic values for emission factors of alum and fluorine have been used due to the absence of libraries of these materials in the Simapro software.
Results and discussion
Carbon footprint of three different water supply sources
Carbon footprint of different stages of water production
Figure 3 shows the breakdown of GHG contributions in terms of stages of water production and consumption for three water supply options. In groundwater and surface water treatment processes, apparently the most significant GHG emission is via the distribution system. For the ED process, the most significant GHG emission stage is treatment process where 2.02 kg CO2-eq m3 is emitted. This is due to the energy-intensive ED technology. ED process is highly dependent on the movement for the electrically charged ions to move toward either positive or negative membranes (Carter 2001). Therefore, the energy demand for the ED treatment process is greatly proportional to the salt content in the seawater. In the extraction stage, the water extraction from the groundwater has the highest GHG emission which is 0.04 kg CO2-eq per m3. This is owing to the higher energy consumption for the well pumping system which is 25 % higher than the energy used for surface water extraction (Goldstein and Smith 2002).
This finding is similar to Racoviceanu et al. (2007) as the water treatment facilities phase has contributed the most GHG emission which is 0.12 kg CO2-eq per m3 whereas the total GHG emission from the total energy use for a water treatment system is 0.13 g CO2-eq per m3. Similar to the current study, this study found that chemical manufacturing stage (0.045 g CO2-eq per m3) and chemical transportation phase (0.01 g CO2-eq per m3) contributed only very small amount (<10 %) of GHG emissions from water treatment.
Identification of hot spot
Breakdown of GHG emissions (kg CO2-e per m3) in terms of inputs
Surface water
Chemicals and membranes
For Wanneroo GWTP, the GHG emissions from the electricity generation and chemicals used are 95 and 5 % of the total GHG emissions, respectively. Moreover, the electricity generation and chemicals used in the surface water treatment plant have emitted 82 and 18 % correspondingly of GHG.
In the seawater desalination plant via the electrodialysis (ED), 98 % of the GHG emission is originated from the generation of electricity while 2 % from the chemicals used. From the three sets of results obtained, the GHG emission from the electricity generation in the seawater desalination plant has contributed the highest percentage. This is owing to the energy intensity process of the electrodialysis process. A similar study carried out by Mrayed and Leslie (2009) found that the greenhouse gas emissions from the generation of electricity for the operation of seawater desalination plant accounted for a large proportion (95 %) of the total greenhouse gas emissions, followed by chemicals production (4 %). Also a North American study found that 90 % of the GHG emissions came from electricity generation and the rest from chemicals (Racoviceanu et al. 2007).
Mitigation strategy
The main objective is to reduce GHG emissions from the biggest polluting water supply option (i.e., ED) to the level of existing groundwater and surface water treatment system in order to meet the required water demand for WA with no additional GHG emissions.
In order to reduce the GHG emissions from the hot spot, grid electricity that is predominantly generated from coal and natural gas has been considered to be replaced with the electricity generated from biomass, wind turbines and photovoltaic plants. These three renewable energy resources have been considered because close to 37 % of Western Australia's electricity could be produced from wind, biomass and solar photovoltaic (PV) by 2030, up from around 8 % currently (Clean Energy Council 2011).
In the case of WA's coastal area, wind is a low-cost and fast-growing source of renewable energy as costs of electricity generation from wind power is around $90-$130/MWh (Parkinson 2012), which is lower than the cost of electricity generation from solar PV ($225–$404/MWh) and solar thermal power plants ($200–$290/MWh) (Clean Energy Council 2011). Also in Western Australia most of the electricity generated by renewable resources comes from wind energy (The Climate Institute 2010). While current wind power production is insufficient to meet the needs of the ED plant in this case study, there is a significant potential for sourcing wind power to provide the total energy requirements of the plant to attain required carbon saving benefits.
Although biomass resource availability is considerably higher than wind for generating electricity in WA (Clean Energy Council 2011), the collection of the former is difficult due to their scattered locations. Considering these cost, technological and resource constraints, a scenario analysis has been considered for grid and renewable energy mix for wind, solar and biomass for providing electricity for water treatment through ED process and it will help policy makers in the decision-making process.
The comparison of three renewable energy scenarios shows that the electricity generated from the wind turbines can significantly reduce the GHG emissions from water production and consumption. If 100 % of electricity which is generated from wind turbines is used for water production and delivery, approximately 99 % of the total GHG emissions can be mitigated from three water treatment plants. Furthermore, the abilities of reducing the GHG emissions from the electricity generation via renewable energies are then followed by PV and biomass in the descending order. If there is 100 % substitution of wind, PV and biomass renewable energies in the electricity generation, the GHG emissions can be reduced by 99 % (i.e., 0.03 kg CO2-eq), 75 % (i.e., 0.61 kg CO2-eq) and 54 % (i.e., 0.113 kg CO2-eq), respectively. It shows that the generation of electricity entirely from solar PV and biomass cannot help reduce the GHG emission to the level of groundwater (0.38 kg CO2-e) and surface water (0.42 kg CO2-eq) treatment options.
Although the use of 100 % wind energy can result GHG emissions far below the level of GHG emission from these existing GWTP and surface water treatment plants, the consideration of 100 % electricity generation from wind is a challenging task given its intermittent nature and availability potential. Therefore, it was derived from these results that 15 % grid and 85 % wind for electricity generation can reduce the GHG emission of ED to 0.39 kg CO2-e per m3, which is around the same level of GHG emissions produced by groundwater (or GWTP) and surface water treatment plants.
The life cycle assessment results show that the GHG emissions from electrodialysis desalination water treatment plant (2.46 kg CO2 eq per m3) is 6.5 and 6 times higher than the existing GWTP and surface water treatment plants due to energy-intensive treatment process. Wanneroo GWTP has the least GHG emission, which is due to the advantage of the use of MIEX® technology where lesser chemicals are required during the water treatment process.
From the life cycle assessment performed in this case study, the hotspot of the GHG emissions from the three water treatment plant is the electricity generation where it contributes 95, 82 and 98 % of total GHG emissions in Wanneroo GWTP, surface water treatment plant and electrodialysis seawater desalination plant. Therefore, cleaner production strategy of input substitution has been applied to reduce the carbon footprint. Renewable energies of biomass, wind and photovoltaic are introduced to replace the natural resources such as black coal and natural gas in the electricity generation stage. By using 100 % renewable energy, 97, 92 and 89 % of GHG emissions can be reduced via wind turbines, photovoltaic and biomass, respectively. Lastly, based on the LCA performed, the best water supply system is the Wanneroo GWTP as it is having the smallest carbon footprint among the water supply systems.
Solar and biomass have not been found to be as promising as wind for providing electricity for reducing GHG emissions of ED further to the level of GHG emissions from groundwater and surface water treatment options. Since 100 % of the electricity generated from wind would be a challenging task, a maximum of 85 % substitution of grid electricity by wind could just reduce GHG emissions of ED to the level of existing water treatment options.
Authors' contributions
WKB had conducted the LCA, reviewed literature and contributed to paper writing. PY had developed the inventory, conducted the analysis and prepared the initial draft required for this paper. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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- Water Corporation. (2011). Perth Residential Water Use Study 2008/2009. http://www.thinking50.com.au/download.cfm?DownloadFile=EE312328-9536-B357-D0D8F8E729426F2C. Accessed 7 Apr 2012.
- Water Corporation. (2015). What is the integrated water supply scheme, water corporation, Perth. http://www.watercorporation.com.au/home/faqs/water-supply-and-services/what-is-theintegrated-water-supply-scheme. Accessed 20 Oct 2015.
- Yoshida, H., Christensen, T. H., & Scheutz, C. (2013). Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge management: A review. Waste Management and Research, 13, 1083–1101.View ArticleGoogle Scholar


text:
"You might think it's the wrong place for a national icon, but we had to think about the parking!" 13 November, 2006.
Reference Number: DCDL-0002672
An Egyptian pharoah or aristocrat sits on a camel contemplating a pyramid in the distance. The pyramid is surrounded by empty desert. A workman stands beside the camel and explains that although it might seem a strange place to build a national icon, it was decided to place it there in the desert because of the parking. Reference to the fight over where the new Auckland stadium to be built in time for the 2011 Rugby World Cup should be put.
Key terms:
1 image, categorised under Cartoons (Commentary) and Digital images, related to Auckland City, Egypt, Pyramids - Egypt, Deserts, Rugby football and Stadiums.
Part of:
Tremain, Garrick, 1941-:[Includes all digital cartoons published in the Otago Daily Times from 25 July 2005 onwards plus a selection from December 2004 to July 2005], Reference Number DC-Group-0022 (628 digitised items)
Extent: 1 digital cartoon(s)Jpeg image - Resolution 200 dpi; RGB (24 bit); Pixel dimensions 1120 x 873. Single art work
Conditions governing access to original: Access to digital object is Not restricted
Usage: You can search, browse, print and download items from this website for research and personal study. You are welcome to reproduce the above image(s) on your blog or another website, but please maintain the integrity of the image (i.e. don't crop, recolour or overprint it), reproduce the image's caption information and link back to here (http://mp.natlib.govt.nz/detail/?id=68587). If you would like to use the above image(s) in a different way (e.g. in a print publication), or use the transcription or translation, permission must be obtained. More information about copyright and usage can be found on the Copyright and Usage page of the NLNZ web site.
External Links:
View Full Descriptive Record in TAPUHI
View and/or order a copy of this image from Timeframes
View Archived Image on NDHA

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Leo Plaw Other language versions
Die Welt als Labyrinth – Manier und Manie in der europäischen Kunst
The World as a Labyrinth – Mannerism in European Art and Literature
Gustav René Hocke's magnum opus on the history of art and literature sheds a surprising light on the century of Mannerism. In a remarkably stimulating, detailed and knowledgeable fashion, he points up the fact that the Mannerist century, 1550-1650, displays a unique vision of, and problematic relationship to, the world. Drawing upon an abundance of hitherto unknown material, he outlines the intellectual and philosophical foundations of that period. He succeeds for the first time in lending Mannerism a clearly defined profile, a stylistic tendency that found expression, as it still does, in all ages and cultures. Hocke arrives at some startling conclusions by comparing modern art with the basic ideas and stylistic features of the Mannerist period, a procedure that enables him to discover some striking analogies.
A standard work indispensable to students of art history.
"Die Welt als Labyrinth und Manierismus in der Literatur I have read at an almost ravenous speed. Both books have significantly helped to set the course for my development as a writer. With their support I realised for the first time that which moved me in arts and poetry – the fantastic, the magic, the idea art – was not "escapistic", as it was then called, at all. It was not born out of a more or less unrealistic lust for the outlandish and peculiar, but out of a basic position, an "archaic gesture", which within the European culture – but basically in all cultures of the world – was complementary and dialectic to that other – the "classicistic" – gesture, but had the same value." – Michael Ende
Paperback, vols 1, 2: Rowohlt 1957,1959
Hardcover: Rowohlt 1987 (both vols)


text:
The constant of variation is a number that relates two variables that are directly proportional to one another. The number represents a fixed ratio between the two variables, describing how they correspondingly increase or decrease. Constants of variation cannot be calculated for linear expressions that involve variables that are equal to multiple arithmetic terms. If the dependent variable does not equal zero when the independent variable equals zero, the two are not constantly varying.
The constant of variation is either the slope or the inverse of the slope in a simple linear equation. Constants in algebraic expressions are values that do not change. When two variables are directly proportional, the increase in one leads to an increase in the other.
Speed and distance are two such variables. As the speed of a moving object increases, the distance traveled in a fixed amount of time increases. In this example, the fixed time is the constant of variation that ties the variables speed and distance together. Fixing the speed and relating the distance traveled to the time elapsed turns this speed into the constant of variation. Pi is the constant of variation in the circle area formula, whereas the two variables are the circle area and the square of the radius.


text:
The Rev. Wayne Dagit is wading through 439 new e-mails when I visit him in his small, sparse office at the Green Leaf Smokers Club in Williamstown Township. It is 7 on a Wednesday night. There is a table barely big enough for his small Dell Notebook computer, a black leather planner and a folder of documents.
On the floor is a prototype light fixture the club intends to sell to medical cannabis patients on a tight budget who want to grow their own medicine.
Out in the lounge there is a Lansing Community College student studying while an Iraq-war veteran talks with John Olson, Dagit's business partner and right-hand man.
Soon after, three college students make their first visit to the Smokers Club, unsure of the behavioral protocol inherent at a cannabis-smoking bar. Olson gathers their state IDs and medical cannabis cards and asks if they are interested in any brownies.
It is a typical evening at the Green Leaf Smokers Club.
Who is Wayne Dagit? Why does he preach the cannabis gospel? What is he doing in Williamstown Township, of all places?
Wayne "Sonny" Dagit is a religious man. He's an ordained minister, albeit online by the Universal Life Church, where just about anyone can be ordained — I did it myself in about two minutes. But in Michigan and most places it's enough to let you legally marry people. The church boasts of 19,607 ordained ministers in the state.
Despite a long list of health issues, Dagit looks good at 60 with short silver hair and a fit, mid-size frame. Though he's no Bible-belter, his mission in life is to get people off hard prescription drugs and offer them a way to God without being ostracized in a typical church setting. The Smokers Club is a safe and socially acceptable way of bringing cannabis users together, he says.
"We had the cojones to stand up and say, 'We have the right to be ourselves,'" he said. "I put it all out there because I want to help you. If I can help you reach God, then that's great too."
Dagit is angered by the thought that cannabis users feel cast aside, degraded or ashamed for the medicine they choose to use.
"If you're not interested in being thrown out or made a pet-project by most churches, come to mine," he said. "You can stink, be a biker or a prostitute, I don't care. We are not a resort for saints — we are a hospital for sinners."
He just so happens to have found a way to bring people closer to God via cannabis. As the leader of the Church for Compassionate Care (CFCC) Ministries, he runs the Green Leaf Smokers Club and also Green Leaf University, a cannabisgrowing certification program that offers free classes. The Club opened March 1 and classes at the university begin April 1.
Olson echoes that sentiment.
"We don't care what you have or what you do. If you are sick and have no place to go, you can come here," he said.
Olson says he suffers from cancerous tumors that are spreading quickly up his torso. He grew up in Lansing and is in the process of becoming ordained.
"Both of us (he and Dagit) are past our expiration dates. If this is how it ends, I am fine with that," Olson said.
Dagit's past is colorful, to say the least. He has known drugs, the wrong side of the law and a great deal of physical pain. He has been a biker, a pimp, a gangster, an addict, a family man and, more recently, a minister.
After hitting bottom in 1992, Dagit began studying the Bible and 11 years later became ordained. He moved to Michigan from Illinois shortly after the medical cannabis law passed in November 2008 and has devoted his time entirely to CFCC Ministries.
"I have found my calling," he said.
There is a laundry list of ailments afflicting his body, most notably sclerosis of the liver, of which he is awaiting a new one. His doctor predicted he would die three years ago. It was through this suffering that Dagit learned of "the miracle of marijuana," as he calls it.
"I got three more years with my 15-year-old son because of marijuana," Dagit, who is 60, said.
While prescribed morphine, Vicodin, hydrocodone and diazepam, he came to a realization: These drugs were deteriorating his liver quicker than the actual disease.
"That is like the doctor saying, 'You are going to die and we will help you get there, but we're going to let you feel good going," he said.
The addictive qualities of these substances are why Dagit rails against them. Fighting back tears, he recalls the deaths of two friends from overdoses. One was prescribed morphine patches.
"My friends died and they didn't need to. And it pisses me off," Dagit said. "I have a 15-year-old son, and I don't want to go out as an addict too."
Though the Smokers Club has been in the local news lately, dubbed one big party by the county sheriff, Dagit says it is close-minded to believe everyone is there just to get high.
"If a marijuana user becomes a patient, it often means they have already been prescribed opiates," he said. "If it's only about getting high, they already have the best drugs to do that — why would they need pot?"
Dagit doesn't do it for the money, either. After liver damage ended his welding job making $42 per hour, the Reverend now settles for about $1,200 per month, which mostly goes back into the ministry. For him, it's about getting people in the door to learn and be safe. So far, it's working.
In the first three days, 70 people made the $20 membership donation, while 242 patients came to visit the club. Olson said peak business hours are in the evening after work and some customers make a several hours' drive to check it out.
Dagit predicts the club will continue attracting new patrons long after the media frenzy over his shop dies down. They have plans to move out of their current facility as club membership rises along with Green Leaf University enrollment.
reverend held his first sermon in Michigan on Sunday at The Roadhouse
Driving Range and Banquet Center in Williamston. There were 13 people
in attendance, mostly friends and Club workers.
Warner, who leases the office space to Dagit and owns The Roadhouse
with her husband, says she is more than happy to help the reverend,
whose community service goals she shares.
"He is a good man," she said. "With us, it's all about community service and that is exactly what he is doing."
will run every Sunday from 10 a.m. to noon at the driving range and
banquet center, each followed by a free lunch and a session for
"exercising your rights," as Dagit puts it — meaning using cannabis.
the 15-minute sermon, 32-year-old Williamston resident and medical
cannabis patient Mandy Swee enjoyed two joints with other churchgoers
in the bar area. She was beaming with excitement.
"This is a dream come true. Who would have thought the church would come to Williamston of all places?" she asked.
just made the church her caregiver and gets her cannabis for free
because she is on a low income. She has been to the Smokers Club every
day since it opened, she said.
Swee delighted over the cup of coffee she bought at the Club the day before, which was laced with New York Diesel cannabis.
is a world of difference between a sick person using marijuana and some
18-year-old just trying to get high," she said. "I remember those days."
Dagit finished reading from Luke 4:18, a passage on perseverance
proclaiming "freedom for the prisoners and sight for the blind," his
words let his followers know that they are on their way in Michigan to
assemble and use cannabis freely without persecution. "If anything, I
see 13 people that have each other," he said. "And that's a start."


text:
GameSamba has announced that Champions of Regnum is now part of the Steam catalog of free to play titles. To celebrate the momentous announcement, the team has also launched the latest content expansion for CoR.
In addition to all of the new content and revamped gameplay that players enjoyed in the recent VIP Preview event, today's launch adds a new Capture the Flag instanced mode and a new map for Team Deathmatch, as well as an updated Steam client. The character faces have been completely redesigned, and it is now possible for players to gain Champion Coins by winning matches in the Battlezone modes. A Hall of Fame to honor the most glorious Champions of the Battlezones has also been added.
Find out more about Champions of Regnum.


text:
Click Image for Gallery
|Key Details
|Special Features
|Bulbs included
|Product Dimensions
|L500 x W320 x H850 (mm)
|Glass, Steel with chrome finish
|Light Source
|4 x GU10 bulbs (50W) - included
|Light Colour
|Warm White (3000K)
|Product Weight
|7.5 kg
|12 months
|Additional Information
|Hanging Light
|Modern Crystal
|Recommended for
|Entrance, Living, Staircase
|by a qualified electrician
|Self assembly
|Carton Dimensions
|L600 x W400 x H240 (mm)
|Carton Weight
|8 kg
|1-2 business days
|1-6 business days in most cases. Refer to 'Section 7 - Delivery Time' on the Delivery Information page for region specific timeframes.
|FREE shipping to most metro and regional areas; Discounted shipping to all other areas. Enter your postcode on the 'Shipping Calculator' below the 'Add to cart' button on the product page for an estimate on shipping cost. Purchase more than one item for additional shipping discounts to be applied at Shopping Cart page!
|Exchange & Returns
|Within 7 days; Item must be in original condition, unused, undamaged and with original packaging; Return postage paid by customer. See Returns Policy for full details.


text:
<< -- 2 -- John Bell Young SCRIABIN ON DISC
Scriabin composed only a handful of works for orchestra, products of
his conservatory days and early career: There are five symphonies, including
the one movement Poem of Ecstasy (Op 54, 1905-1908) and Prometheus,
the Poem of Fire (Op 54, 1910); a Symphonic Poem (1896-1897);
Réverie (Op 24, 1898); and an Andante for Strings (1899).
Complete sets. Eliahu Inbal's recordings are respectable
enough, and are impressive for their polished phrasing and suave legato;
the sound is dark and lush (Philips). However, Inbal lacks contrast and
drama. He has a fondness for stomping on every downbeat, and his tempos
have a tendency to lumber along pedantically. Svetlanov is far more affecting
and idiomatic (Russian Disc 11056-8, 3CD). He understood the underlying
turbulence that informs Scriabin's music and seamlessly navigates every
Muti's principal asset is the Philadelphia Orchestra's laser-like ensemble,
but he is no Scriabinist; his thudding, stodgy readings fail to capture
anything of the music's Slavic ethos or subtle flexibility (EMI). Nicoloai
Golovanov's accounts are taut and idiomatic but impassioned (Arlechinno).
Jarvi is remarkable and luxurious (Chandos 241-5; 2CD). (This set omits
the first symphony and Prometheus, but throws in the tone poem Réverie
as a bonus). Igor Golovschin has to date recorded 1 thorough 4, along
with Réverie and the two Op 32 Poèmes for piano transcribed
for orchestra (Naxos 553580, 3CD). These are fine realizations, if more
understated than those of his colleagues. Whether the overall homogeneity
of the Moscow Symphony's lovely sound is due to distantly placed mikes or
Golovschin's sensibility is anyone's guess. Even so, on the whole these
make the best and most reasonably priced introduction to Scriabin's orchestral
1 (Op 26). Though this sprawling six-movement piece, with its somewhat
clichéed finale (a canonically composed ode to art that throws in
a tenor, a mezzo soprano and a chorus in a none too subtle nod to Beethoven's
9th) is often pooh-poohed as structurally distended and even unsound, it
deserves more credit. Scriabin himself admitted that he was still technically
'out of control' in this work, but it shows his youthful inspiration and
gifts for effusive melodic invention. Golovschin's stirring but elegant
account on has much to recommend it. Under his direction, the evocation
of dawn in the introductory Lento is particularly affecting and gently melancholy,
just as it should be.
2 (Op 29) Its five movements are almost as long as 1, clocking in on
the average at about 50 minutes. Composed in 1901, it earned Scriabin a
few prominent enemies, including Liadov and Arensky who, jealous of his
increasing popularity and success, dismissed it as 'decadent' and 'cacophonous
rot'. It is in fact an ambitious, powerful work, a rich matrix of interwoven
polyphony that moves in and out of itself while giving voice to innumerable
contrasts and moods. Golovschin, in his imperturbable and as usual
understated performance, is more restrained than Svetlanov, and he prefers
a more relaxed pace. Svetlanov's taut, impassioned and lyrical account,
on the other hand, cracks the whip with compelling élan. The recorded
sound on the Naxos discs, while clean and rich, is a bit on the distant
side, and lacks the rich visceral presence of the Svetlanov set.(which,
however, compromises the lower registers in a kind of boomy woof).
Continue >>


text:
Old Library
|Known as
The Old Library this building in
The Hayes Cardiff is an excellent example of
Victorian Architecture built between 1880 and 1882 to the design of the
Architects James,Seward & Thomas. It was opened by the Mayor on the
31st May
1882. The building was funded by a 1penny rate levyed by the
Council. An
extension to the building was soon considered necessary which was then
built between 1893
and 1896 by E Turner & Son the Contractors and designed by the same
as the original building.
The building was the culmination of the efforts to provide a centre for the people of Cardiff providing facilities for a free library, museum and schools for science and art.
|The heating system
installed for the original library building has
long since been removed, but a thoughtful decision to retain the
original heaters was from an engineering viewpoint a historically
significant one. These vertical tubed heaters are now a very rare
item, manufactured by William Graham of London. The ground
floor area
now used by the Tourist Information Centre, rear and tiled entrances
and open staircase are all still heated by these vertical style heaters.
|In the staircase are the rarest
of the William Graham pattern heaters namely their quadrant shaped
vertical heater. This pattern of heater has only ever been found in The
National Trust property of Powis Castle.
Click on the link Powis to view the quadrant heaters discovered there.
A corridor lined with coloured and ornamental wall tiles was built as the entrance to the Museum. This corridor was suitably called the tiled corridor and has a distinctive series of wall tiles depicting the four seasons, and night and morning. The floor tile appearance is deceptive as although they look like a mosaic, they are simply ordinary floor tiles impressed with coloured clay to give the appearance of being a mosaic.
The extension was originally provided with two wall mounted highly ornamental and colourful tiled drinking water fountains located at ground and first floor level.
When the Art Gallery was moved into the extension both fountains were moved into the corridor area of the original building.


text:
Full Fortress effect - cinema chair range launches in UK
Distributed exclusively in the UK by Pulse Marketing, the full range of Fortress cinema chairs is now available in the UK. Billed as "America's favourite cinema seating brand", Fortress offers an extensive range of home theatre chairs, all of which are built to satisfy stringent specifications, including UK Fire Regulations and ANSI/BIFMA approval.
Incorporating a combination of birch plywood and alder, all Fortress frames boast a strong chassis that can be modified as required. The connectors are metal-to-metal, negating the need for screws, while the chairs' function set includes motorised recliners and storage arms with drawers. It is also possible to specify chairs to include the D-Box Motion System, which provides intelligent and movie studio-sanctioned movement to complement the visuals.
Specific models in the Fortress range include the stylish Moulin Rouge and the 1920s-styled Deco, with prices starting at £1,550 for the California chair.
Mike Beatty from Pulse Marketing commented: "The Fortress range of home cinema seating is the nearest you'll get to the 'real thing' - although these seats are every bit as real as their movie theatre counterparts. For movie fanatics who are serious about recreating the full cinema experience at home, at least one Fortress chair is a must."


text:
When I first started learning to code, I remember feeling overwhelmed by 2 things:
- everything I didn't know
- all the possibilities
When I built my first simple, one-page website, I saw the world of tech was opening up in front of me. What?! I can put ANY of these fonts on here? You mean I can just add an About page if I want one? You're telling me I can embed a video??
I was ecstatic! And I felt so powerful.
At the same time, I was overwhelmed with everything out there. Sometimes it seemed like there were so many possibilities, I didn't even know where to start. Should I spend a week trying to create my own social media icons? Or maybe I should focus on optimizing my site for different browsers?!
Now that I've been immersed in the world of tech a bit longer, I'm learning something. Even the pros can get overwhelmed by all the different elements that go into building a website from scratch. And do you want me to let you in on a little secret? They don't even do it from scratch!
It's true! In the tech industry, it's common to rely on all the resources already out there to make your web designs come to life. The trouble is deciding which resources you can trust. Will this plugin break my site? Is this font download even legal!?
Well you can stop worrying. I asked our team and scanned some awesome lists (like this one from The Next Web!) to create a curated list of the best FREE resources for building websites from scratch.
And you don't even have to worry about remembering them all. Bookmark this page, and check back every time you get to a new phase of creating your website.
And if you think I missed something, let me know! I'd love to see this list grow!
Creative Market
Before you do anything else, go get on the Creative Market newsletter list. Once a week, you'll get an email packed with 5 free downloads, including everything from patterns and fonts to templates and themes.
Death to the Stock Photo
Get on their email list and get their free photo packs in your inbox once a month.
Little Visuals
If you join their list, you'll get 7 free high-res photos emailed to you once a week.
New Old Stock
Get free, vintage photos from public archives.
Free, high-res photos by Jonas Nilsson Lee.
10 new free stock photos every day.
1 free high-res photo per day.
Free, high quality stock photos by an Italian photographer.
ISO Republic
High quality stock photos marketed to creatives.
Paul Jarvis
Sign up to get 20 of Paul Jarvis's top photos for free.
Photo Editors & Design Software
Edit images right in your browser.
Amazingly easy graphic design software that anyone can use. The search and drag function is so simple and helpful!
Awesome free infographic templates.
Symbols + Icons
Font Awesome
A symbol font that allows you to add symbols to your websites.
Generates icon font packs.
Download vector icons or include icons as webfonts.
The Noun Project
Search a noun, get a free symbol or icon.
Endless Icons
Free icon library.
Perfect Icons
Customize and optimize social media icons for your site.
60 free vector Photoshop icons.
Round Icons
Free quirky and professional icon bundles.
Google Webfonts
Add fonts to your website in just a few clicks.
Font pairing generator.
Font Squirrel
Hundreds of totally free fonts.
Beautiful Web Type
Check out a curated collection of the most beautiful Google Webfonts.
Lost Type
Gorgeous pay-what-you-can fonts.
Adobe Color Wheel
Choose from different types of color pairings and save your color palettes.
Material Palette
Generate a color palette based on 2 colors.
Flat UI Color Picker
The name says it all.
Flat UI Colors
Flat color picker.
Color palette generator.
Skala Color
Free color picker download.
Check out the exact colors that major brands use.
0 to 255
Find the perfect color variation you're looking for.
Colour Lovers
Browse user color palettes and add your own to the community.
Palette for Chrome
Generates color palettes based on images.
Backgrounds + Textures
Subtle Patterns
Free downloadable patterns.
Free stock textures.
The Pattern Library
Quirky, fun, high-quality patterns.
Domain Name Search Engines
Generate random domain names based on one word.
Search for a domain name by keyword.
Frameworks, Templates, Code Packs, and Themes
HTML5 Boilerplate
The first and the best. Free HTML5 boilerplate code.
Free fully responsive HTML5 template.
1 Line CSS Grid Framework
A framework for CSS that's only 1 line long!
960 Grid System
A Skillcrush favorite.
Starkers for WordPress
A basic template for developing your first WordPress theme.
Barebones for WordPress
Free WordPress template for developers.
WordPress template for building out a brand new theme.
Sage for WordPress
A WordPress starter theme based on HTML5 boilerplate and Bootstrap.
Whiteboard for WordPress
A clean, basic WordPress theme for developers.
A responsive HTML, CSS, and JS framework.
Free themes for Bootstrap.
Code Style Guides
GitHub's very own code style guide.
Google's code style guide.
A code style guide from the pros at Mozilla.
Code Validation
Wrap up loose ends in your code by checking to see that it meets standards of accessibility, style, and industry best practices.
Web Design Group HTML Validator
Code Beautify
Free Formatter
And if you are so pumped about the idea of building a website, but you need to get some of those basic coding skills, look no further! In a Skillcrush Career Blueprint, you can learn all the skills you need to start making money as a web designer or developer in just 3 months.
Thanks again to The Next Web for curating such an awesome, comprehensive list for us to choose our favorites from!


text:
Listen and download old hindi songs of Silsila (1981) Mp3 Songs - Dekha Ek Khawab To Ye Silsile Hue, Neela Aasman So Gaya, Neela Aasman So Gaya (Female), Rang Barse Bheege Chunar Wali, Sar Se Sarke Chunariya, Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum, Yeh Ladki Hai Ya Shola, Old Hindi Songs. Silsila (1981) songs has sung by Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Amitabh Bachchan, Silsila (1981) Mp3 Songs - Old Hindi Songs, Please click on the download link and enjoy Silsila (1981) Mp3 Songs.
Silsila (1981) Mp3 Songs01- Dekha Ek Khawab To Ye Silsile Hue - Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar,
02- Neela Aasman So Gaya - Amitabh Bachchan,
03- Neela Aasman So Gaya (Female) - Lata Mangeshkar,
04- Rang Barse Bheege Chunar Wali - Amitabh Bachchan,
05- Sar Se Sarke Chunariya - Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar,
06- Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum - Amitabh Bachchan, Lata Mangeshkar,
07- Yeh Ladki Hai Ya Shola - Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar,


text:
welcome to Bibles Net. Com
Biblesnet.Com your Online Bible Study with Tools & Resources for your daily lives.
Since the beginning of time people have longed to know how to speak to God, how to pray, and how to have their prayers answered. Perhaps your life is not what you think it should be. Or maybe your problems have begun to overwhelm you. Or could it be that you would just like to be assured that there is someone out there who really cares? We would like to offer you some of the greatest resources on Bible Versions, Devotional Guide, Precious Bible Promises, Prayer and much more free. Would you like to learn more? If so, you've come to the right place.
Bible Resources Directory Complete Library Here
View All Complete Library Resources Here
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Bible Study Guides that are relevant, engaging and life-changing —- making your life better now, and giving you a real, solid hope for your future. Use these study guides to improve your understanding of the Bible and strengthen your faith Each Bible reading plan is different in type and length. They are as varied as each individual so you have many to choose from. Consider the following options, but remember to choose one. Regular reading in God's Word is not optional. It's a necessity!
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- Wildlife
- Invertebrates
- Bees and wasps
- White-tailed Bumblebee
Zsuzsanna Bird
The White-tailed Bumblebee is a very common bumblebee which emerges early in the spring and can be seen feeding on flowers right through to the autumn. It can be found in gardens, farmland, woodland edges, hedgerows and heathland: anywhere there are flowers to feed on. As with other social insects, the queen emerges from hibernation in spring and starts the colony by laying a few eggs that hatch as workers; these workers tend the young and nest. Males emerge later and mate with new females who are prospective queens. Both the males and old queen die in the autumn, but the new queens hibernate.
How to identify
The White-tailed Bumblebee has black and lemon-yellow bands and a white 'tail'. There are several very similar species which can be very difficult to tell apart: the Buff-tailed Bumblebee, for example, has black and dull yellow bands, and a buff-coloured tail, instead of a bright white one.
Where to find it
When to find it
- March
- April
- May
- June
- July
- August
- September
- October
- November
How can people help
Bumblebees are a vitally important for pollinating hundreds of plant species, including many crops. But they are under threat from loss of habitat and the increasing use of pesticides and herbicides. The Wildlife Trusts recognise the importance of healthy habitats to support all kinds of species, so are working closely with farmers, landowners and developers to promote wildlife-friendly practices. You can help too: encourage bees and wasps into your garden by providing nectar-rich flower borders and fruit trees. To find out more about gardening for wildlife, visit our Wild About Gardens website: a joint initiative with the RHS, there's plenty of facts and tips to get you started.


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At Blake's six month check up this morning I learned I actually gave birth to the Jolly Green Giant. I knew Blake was pretty big, but this little guy is off the growth chart! Joe's Mom said he was the same way so maybe he'll slow down. He is already bigger than I was at a year old!
Height - 29in - above 97th percentile
Weight - 19.25lbs - 80th percentile
Head Circ - off chart
Weight - 19.25lbs - 80th percentile
Head Circ - off chart
Daddy and I are going to remeasure him tonight, but I watched her do it and it had to be close. Joe is convinced it's impossible!
Developmentally he is doing great. He is rolling all over and trying his best to crawl. I love watching him try to get to a toy (or dog) he sees nearby and using both hands to hold things. When we read books he has to hold them and usually turns the page before we're finished. He loves to stand and it holding his own weight longer and longer.
This guy is an eater. He loves veggies. So far he has done well with Carrots, Squash, Green Beans and Bananas. He's not a fan of tangy fruits like Peaches and Apples. This weekend I was able to get him sucking on a bottle (for the first time) that had Half Water/Half Apple Juice. Hopefully we can sneak some milk in there and he'll do okay.
I keep thinking about how fast these last 6 months have gone by - I know it will be his first Birthday before we know it!
I'm going to go research car seats now...2.5 more lbs and we have to retire the one he is in now. Crazy.


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Cowgirl Volleyball's Erin Kirby Earns Share of MW Player of the Week Award
Wyoming Cowgirl volleyball's sophomore middle blocker Erin Kirby was named the Mountain West Women's Volleyball Co-Player of the Week announced Monday by the conference office. She earned the honor for the first time in her career.
Kirby a native of Evanston, Wyo., helped the Cowgirls to a 2-0 record over the weekend defeating Fresno State in straight sets on Thursday, while also downing UNLV in four sets on Saturday. Against the Bulldogs, she hit .700 with seven kills and no errors on 10 attacks. She also recorded six blocks against Fresno State. Against the Rebels she recorded 11 kills and no errors on 22 attacks for a percentage of .500. She also blocked eight attacks against the Rebels. Kirby led the Cowgirls in hitting percentage in both matches. On the weekend, she hit an average of .562 (18-0-32). She also averaged 2.57 kills and two blocks per set.
Earning Co-Player of the Week honors with Kirby was Colorado State senior middle Megan Plourde.


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National Safety Council - Georgia Learning Center National Safety Council - Georgia Learning Center
Here's a sample of our volunteer opportunities:VIEW AS
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Mission Statement
The National Safety Council saves lives by preventing injuries and deaths at work, in homes and communities, and on the roads, through leadership, research, education and advocacy.
NSC focuses on where the most preventable injuries and deaths occur - cell phone use while driving, teen driving, workplace safety, prescription painkiller use and safety in the community. NSC provides a variety of educational opportunities - many through NSC University - including First Aid, Workplace Safety and Driver Safety courses, and is a leading source of occupational safety information.
Would you recommend National Safety Council - Georgia Learning Center?


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Gearbox Community
An Introduction to Borderlands 208.31.12 - Chris Faylor
Learn more about the world and characters of Borderlands 2 in our latest trailer for the game, narrated by none other than Sir Hammerlock himself: www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUu-FzRFYZA
Borderlands 2 DLC and Season Pass Announcement08.30.12 - Chris Faylor
Now that Borderlands 2 has gone gold and we've shifted our efforts to post-launch support of the game, we have some exciting news to share about our plans for add-on content.
After the release of the game, four brand new add-on campaigns for Borderlands 2 are coming your way, featuring new areas to explore, new adventures to undertake, new enemies to overcome and more. Priced individually at 800 Microsoft Points for Xbox 360 and $9.99 on PC and PlayStation 3, these four campaign add-ons are scheduled to hit by June 2013 with more details to come in the future as development progresses.
Soon we'll be offering a "Season Pass" bundle that includes all four campaign add-on packs for 2400 Microsoft Points on Xbox 360 and $29.99 on PC and PlayStation Network -- a savings of 25% over buying each campaign add-on individually. The Borderlands 2 Season Pass will be available through Steam, PlayStation Network and Xbox Live and will also be available at GameStop.
NOTE: The Borderlands 2 Premiere Club and other pre-order items are not included in the Borderlands 2 Season Pass. For more details about the Borderlands 2 Premiere Club and other pre-order items, please visit www.borderlands2.com/preorder and our Borderlands 2 FAQ.
Aliens: Colonial Marines 'Escape' Trailer08.30.12 - Chris Faylor
A new trailer for Aliens: Colonial Marines is now available, offering your first glimpse of the new multiplayer mode Escape and a new type of Xenomorph -- watch it here!
Escape sees a team of four Colonial Marines fighting through a series of areas to secure a safe exit while an opposing team of four Xenomorphs attempts to stop them at every twist and turn, and will be playable on the PAX Prime show floor this weekend.
Also, keep an eye out for more news and details on Aliens: Colonial Marines during the "Inside Gearbox Software" panel at PAX Prime which kicks off at 4PM PT in Pegasus Theatre!
Borderlands 2 News Roundup08.28.12 - Chris Faylor
Lots of Borderlands 2 happenings as of late! Here's a roundup of the latest news:
- Play The Border Lands
Take a trip back to 1989 and play The Border Lands, directly in your browser!
- Borderlands 2 Avatar Items on Xbox Live
Outfit your Xbox Live Avatar with Borderlands 2 items!
- BL2 Soundtrack Releasing Sept. 18
The Borderlands 2 Original Soundtrack is scheduled for release on September 18th to retail outlets worldwide.
- Gearbox Community Day Schedule
Open to all and free to attend, Gearbox Software Community Day is a celebration of our awesome fans, our history as a studio, the launch of Borderlands 2, and of what lies ahead for Gearbox.
- Borderlands 2 FAQ
Got questions about Borderlands 2? Check out our FAQ!
- Read more...
Gearbox at PAX Prime 201208.28.12 - Chris Faylor
Aliens: Colonial Marines and Borderlands 2 will be playable at PAX Prime from August 31 - September 2, 2012!
In addition, we'll be hosting our annual Inside Gearbox Software panel on Sunday, Sept. 2 at 4PM in Pegasus Theatre – hope to see you there!
Borderlands 2 at Gamescom!08.16.12 - Gearbox Staff
With just over a month to go until the launch of Borderlands 2, things are heating up! Members of the development team have been all over the world revealing new details and features, and there's been a ton of new media and videos as well.
To make sure you don't miss anything, we'll be keeping this thread updated with the latest media and previews.Check it out!
Borderlands 2, NVIDIA and You08.16.12 - Chris Faylor
For a limited time, the new GeForce GTX 660 Ti comes with a free copy of Borderlands 2 PC - perfect for taking advantage of the game's incredible PhysX effects!
The Making of Aliens: Colonial Marines08.13.12 - Chris Faylor
Go behind the scenes of Aliens: Colonial Marines and learn more about our dedication to authenticity, story, tension and more in this three-part video series!
Borderlands 2 Trailer: Come and Get Me08.13.12 - Chris Faylor
Think you've got what it'll take to bring down Handsome Jack? Watch the new "Come and Get Me" trailer for Borderlands 2 above to find out.
Borderlands 2 Special Edition Bonus Digital Content08.10.12 - Chris Faylor
Here's a look at the bonus downloadable in-game digital content that comes with the Deluxe Vault Hunter's Collectors Edition and Ultimate Loot Chest Limited Edition of Borderlands 2! For more about these editions, visit borderlands2.com/preorder
Got a question about Borderlands 2? Check out the FAQ: http://forums.gearboxsoftware.com/showthread.php?t=134125
Aliens: Colonial Marines - Get Your Name in the Game!08.10.12 - Chris Faylor
When Aliens: Colonial Marines arrives this February, you may have the best kill to death ratio in multiplayer, the most unlocks and experience from your time in campaign and co-op, and even the collector's edition proudly on display - but for the ultimate bragging rights - you can have your name inside the Aliens: Colonial Marines game.
Earlier this year, we gave PAX East attendees the chance to get their name in Aliens: Colonial Marines. Now, it's your turn!
To enter for your chance at becoming a part of Aliens: Colonial Marines, visit the SEGA Blog for all the details!
Community Day Registration Open!08.07.12 - Chris Faylor
Open to all and free to attend, Gearbox Software Community Day is a celebration of our awesome fans, our history as a studio, the launch of Borderlands 2, and of what lies ahead for Gearbox.
Taking place on September 15th in Dallas, TX, Community Day 2012 is your chance to go hands-on with Borderlands 2 and Aliens: Colonial Marines before they're in stores, with additional activities including panels and presentations from the Gearbox Software crew, a costume contest, tons of giveaways and great prizes, and more! To regsiter, please visit gearboxsoftware.com/communityday
P.S. The night before Community Day, on September 14th, we'll be hosting a celebrity poker tournament to benefit the Videogame History Museum. For more details on that, visit www.gearboxsoftware.com/poker
The Making of Aliens: Colonial Marines, Ep. 2 - Xenomorphs08.06.12 - Chris Faylor
A new Aliens: Colonial Marines behind-the-scenes video is out today, focusing on xenomorphs and weapons: http://youtu.be/pVkhNpo2pmU
Miss the first episode? Find it here.
Aliens: Colonial Marines - Name in the Game Contest08.02.12 - Chris Faylor
When Aliens: Colonial Marines arrives this February, you may have the best kill to death ratio in multiplayer, the most unlocks and experience from your time in campaign or co-op, and even the collector's edition proudly on display – but for the ultimate bragging rights – you can have your name inside the Aliens: Colonial Marines game.
Earlier this year, we gave attendees PAX East attendees the chance to get their name in Aliens: Colonial Marines. Now, it's your turn!
To enter for your chance at becoming a part of Aliens: Colonial Marines, simply "firstname.lastname@example.com" with the subject "Aliens Colonial Marines - Name in the Game Contest" along with your name of choice before August 14th! We'll then randomly select the winner and reveal their in-game identity later in the year.
Before you enter, a couple quick notes: a) Entries containing vulgar, offensive or copyrighted material will be disqualified. b) Upon being chosen, the winner will need to present a form of government-issued ID for verification -- if under the age of 18, the winner will need the consent of a parent or legal guardian as well.
For the latest on Aliens: Colonial Marines, be sure to follow @SEGA and @GearboxSoftware on Twitter and like us on Facebook.com/aliensgames.
Contest Rules
NO PURCHASE OR PAYMENT NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. Deadline for entry is 8/13/2012 at 11:59:59 PM PT. One (1) winner will be randomly selected and their name will appear in the Aliens: Colonial Marines game, named per the input provided in their winning entry. There is no monetary value associated with the prize. Void where prohibited.
News Archive
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click for videos
Click on the image above or the link here to go to FORA.tv's full video coverage of all the speakers at The Big Picture Conference.
Hear for Yourself What David Rosenberg Said at The Big Picture Conference
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Good Morning Y'all!
Today's design team project share is Sa Crafters "Best Mom Ever" wood stand. I really love this and I hope my mother will too. This is a perfect project to make for Mother's Day or actually any time of the year to show your appreciation to your mom.
To start off all my altered projects that are wooden or chipboard based I usually decide what theme I am trying to achieve, and since my mother and father have a house by the ocean I decided to make this one match the theme going on in her home and beach theme it was. I knew I wanted that drift wood distressed look with a touch of white and blue.
I first used my clear gesso and painted one coat and immediately after I painted the second and third coat with a matte white gesso. I then allowed that to dry and then found a carribean blue color acrylic painted it on in a distressed manner. Which is actually a form of dry brushing in random strokes. I allowed it to dry completely and then with my craft scissors I scraped the paint off in various places until I was happy with how it looked. Then I used a clear glue and placed the letters in the slots on the base piece and pushed down gently. After that I went into my Sa Crafters embellishment stash and pulled out items that were relevant to the "Beach Theme".
The lamp and the sea horse I used Tim Holtz vintage photo dauber ink to give it that wood color and set aside to dry.
The chipboard bubbles, I painted a light coat of gesso until white and then used coral, mint green, and pastel yellow Shimmerz Inklingz to give it that pearlized shimmer look. I really loved how that turned out.
For my final steps I used some twine and wrapped some around the "M" to give it more of a beachy feel. I grabbed my glue gun and glued on all my pieces and a small flower and Voila!! She was complete. I didn't add on tons of embellishments as I wanted the sentiment to be the main focus of my completed project. I'm so happy with how it turned out and it took me about an hour to complete the project. So easy!!
For other simple DIY Sa Crafter projects please check out her website. The link will be listed below. And don't forget to use your code to get your discount : kimfans
Here is an the final my final image. Please feel free to comment or ask any questions I love hearing from you. :)
Supply list:
Sa Crafters store: http://www.sacrafters.com/
Discount Code: kimfans
Website/Blog: www.fattypaddyscrapper.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/fattypaddyscra1
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/FPSDesigns/fattypaddyscrapper-designs/
Google plus: https://plus.google.com/101128770875179309062/posts


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MIDDLEBOROUGH, Mass. --Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry was rear-ended by a car in Massachusetts Thursday when he was riding a motorcycle.Perry was on his 2009 Ducati Monster 696 early Thursday afternoon when he was struck from behind by a car driven by 62-year-old Linda O'Brien. Both vehicles were traveling at a low speed.
The 59-year-old celebrity was taken to the hospital and was treated for minor injuries.
O'Brien, who was not injured, was cited for following too closely.
The accident is not expected to affect any of Aerosmith's scheduled concert dates.
The Associated Press contributed to this story.


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Recent news
Opera and KDDI strengthen commitment to provide mobile browsing in Japan
Oslo, Norway - September 21, 2006
Opera Software, world leader in Webbrowser technologies, and KDDI, Japan's leading 3G operator, todayannounced a renewal of their commitment to include the Opera Mobileâ"¢ browser on KDDI's 3G handsets in Japan. KDDI and Opera first enteredinto a partnership in August 2004 to fulfill the promise of 3Gcapabilities in Japan, and the browser has since been included on 27KDDI phones.
"KDDI is Japan's leading 3G operator, the fastest growing mobile carrierin Japan, a technology leader of the CDMA world and the first torecognize Opera's potential in providing unparalleled Web access onmobile devices," says Jon S. von Tetzchner, CEO, Opera Software. "We arevery happy to strengthen our commitment with KDDI in delivering theultimate in mobile Web browsing to the Japanese market."
"The Opera Mobileâ"¢ browser has become a major selling point for our popular 3G series. Based on the success of the last two years, we are excited to further strengthen our strategic partnership with Opera Software and include the 'PC Site Viewer' on all KDDI WIN series devices," says Masahiro Inoue, Senior vice president, "au" Service & Product Planning Division. "Opera Mobileâ"¢ is a leading, state-of-the-art mobile browser that meets and exceeds the high demands of KDDI and its subscribers, and therefore the natural choice to power our mobile Web offering."
Find out more:
About Opera
Since its founding in 1996, Opera has been a pioneer in shaping the future of the internet. Providing faster and more innovative web browsers, Opera is the everyday browser of choice for more than 320 million people.
Opera Software AS is a privately held company and is headquartered in Oslo, Norway. Follow our news at http://blogs.opera.com/news/.
Opera is a trademark of Opera Software AS.


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PCB Prototype the Easy Way
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We may add extra cost for these special options which will be confirmed after review.
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Payment Method: PCBWay accept Paypal, TT, Western Union, Credit card and other methods. If you order online, you could choose Paypal payment directly.
If you want to pay by other method, please contact the customer service to confirm.
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PCBWay PCB Prototype the Easy Way!


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Some very sad news just came out today. The actor who played Fenrir Greyback in the Harry Potter movies, Dave Legeno, died while hiking in -- believe it or not -- Death Valley, reports TMZ.
Apparently his body was found by a pair of hikers on Sunday. The area was so difficult to get to that a helicopter had to be used to transport it out of the valley.
The Inyo County Sheriff's Department says that the 50-year-old "died of heat related issues ... and may have been dead for three to four days before his body was discovered."
So very sad! He leaves behind a daughter who is reportedly in her 20s and lives in the south of England.
Temperatures in Death Valley are known to reach more than 120 degrees. It's located in Eastern California's Mojave Desert, which apparently is the lowest, driest, and hottest area in North America.
The mixed martial artist played the evil werewolf in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince as well as the final two movies in the film franchise, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2.
He was also in Snatch, which he starred in with Brad Pitt and Vinnie Jones. He worked as a bouncer and wrestler before he took up boxing and acting. His professional MMA record was 4-3, so he was definitely a fighter. Such a shame that he died alone, but hopefully he was doing what he loved. Police say no foul play was involved.
To honor his memory, check out all of his Harry Potter scenes here:
Thoughts and prayers are with his family and friends.
Are you a fan of the Harry Potter movies?
Image via Warner Brothers


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What Has Been Learned About The Influence Of Clouds And Other Feedbacks On Climate?
New Discrepancy Noted Between Predicted And Observed Absorption Of Solar Radiation By Clouds The prediction and assessment of the effects of changes in atmospheric composition on the Earth's radiation balance currently rely on theoretical models of atmospheric radiation to predict how much of the incoming short wave solar energy is absorbed by clouds. Initial results of combined satellite, aircraft, and surface measurements of solar radiation at geographically diverse locations suggest that 25-40 watts per square meter more of this radiation is absorbed in cloudy sky regions than is currently predicted by available radiation models. This anomalous or enhanced absorption is thought to be due to clouds; however, there is no known physical mechanism that can explain the absorption, and there are concerns about the representativeness of the measurements. If confirmed, this unexplained discrepancy between predicted and observed absorption of solar radiation reflects a potentially important gap in understanding of the Earth's radiation balance. If the discrepancy is due to atmospheric absorption, changes will be needed in the radiation algorithms used in the atmospheric models. It is not yet clear the extent to which such changes would affect the global response to increasing greenhouse gases. However, the changes would likely result in a redistribution of energy from the surface to the atmosphere, which might resolve some long-standing problems of how present GCM results compare to observations. As part of the Atmospheric Radiation Program (ARM), an experiment involving the use of unmanned aerospace vehicles and ground based measurements is planned for 1995 to determine the validity and extent of the anomalous absorption. This experiment should also contribute mechanistic information needed to modify existing theoretical models so that they more accurately simulate the absorption of solar radiation.
References: (1) Absorption of Solar Radiation by Clouds: Observations Versus Models, Cess, R. D., M. H. Zhang, P. Minnis, L. Corsetti, E. G. Dutton, B. W. Forgan, D. P. Garber, W. L. Gates, J. J. Hack, E. F. Harrison, X. Jing, J. T. Kiehl, C. N. Long, J.-J. Morcrette, G. L. Potter, V. Ramanathan, B. Subasilar, C. H. Whitlock, D. F. Young, and Y. Zhou, Science, Vol. 267, pp. 496-498, 1995; (2) Warm Pool Heat Budget and Shortwave Cloud Forcing: A Missing Physics?, V. Ramanathan et al., Science, Vol. 267, pp. 499-503, 1995; (3) Direct Observations of Excess Solar Absorption by Clouds, Pilewskie, P., and F. P. J. Valero, Science, Vol. 267, pp. 1626-1629, 1995.
High Clouds Found To Be Important To The Stabilization Of Sea Surface Temperatures Observations collected during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) and from TOGA COARE have provided new insights into the processes that regulate the sea surface temperatures of the large "warm pool" of the tropical Pacific Ocean. These results suggest that optically thick, high-level clouds that form as a result of deep convection play an important role in stabilizing sea surface temperatures and limiting them to a maximum climatological value of about 31°C, as observed in both paleo and contemporary records. It appears that sea surface evaporation, which was previously thought to be the critical stabilizing factor, does play a role, but one that diminishes as the sea surface temperatures increase beyond a threshold value.
Reference: Warm Pool Heat Budget and Shortwave Cloud Forcing: A Missing Physics?, Ramanathan, V., B. Subasilar, G. J. Zhang, W. Conant, R. D. Cess, J. T. Kiehl, H. Grassl, and L. Shi, Science, Vol. 267, pp. 499-502, 1995.


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Thank you so much for visiting our site! We hope that you not only find our site user friendly but informative too. BCQS Property Management Limited is a long-established property management company based in Grand Cayman, offering a full range of services from tenant placement to Strata and commercial property management. Click on the following links to take you to the service that most suits you.
Our available rental properties can be viewed by, price, location, number of bedrooms, number of bathrooms, and also, style. We co-broke with many other rental agents allowing us to do the property search for you, while you sit back and enjoy everything that the Cayman Islands has to offer. You tell us what you need and we will do our best to find you the perfect place to call home. BCQS Property Management Limited has a dedicated and experienced staff to assist you. Find out more about them here Meet the Team. If you have any questions at all regarding our services feel free to email our staff or call the office.
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Sara Hejazi
- Ricercatore Full Time
- Religion and Innovation
- Anthropology of Religions
- Gender Perspectives
- Religions and Post-Human Theory
- Philosophical Anthropology
Born in Iran but educated in Italy, Sara Hejazi is an anthropologist with a focus on religions, gender perspectives and identity construction through body practices and symbols.
She has obtained her Ph.D at the Ce.R.Co. Insitute (Centro di Ricerca e Studi sulla Complessità) at the University of Bergamo, Italy, and later worked as a scholar at the University of Torino, obtaining a post-doctoral fellowship on new monasticisms in post-industrial society.
Since 2009 she is a professional journalist, writing for the major national magazines on issues of life styles, women, spirituality and religious trends in complex societies.
Her last upcoming publication tackles the issue of body and sexuality from a post-humanist perspective.
She joined FBK in July 2017.


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She went for a walk.
Not something she usually did - just take off like that, without warning...without yelling "Bye" to everyone, checking for keys and phone and million other pointless accessories.
She just left. Closed the door and walked.
It was only three o'clock.
Nice park. Tarmac pathway, trees on either side swaying and sighing in the first chill breeze of Autumn. Their leaves will be gone soon. 'Know the feeling', she thought, without checking if anyone heard.
Defenses up by being brought down. You can smile at that one now.
Her pace self indulgent. Why hurry? Where do you need to be? Where do you ever need to be?
A street. Coffee shop.
Tall latte.
Cyndi Lauper sings 'True Colours' on the radio.
Just in time.