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London: Changes in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter some three to four billion years ago hurled a devastating barrage of space rocks at our planet that probably delivered the ingredient crucial to the beginning of life, scientists have claimed.
Analysing tiny "spherules" embedded in layers of rock, a team from the Purdue University in the US said they found the "first real solid evidence" of asteroid bombardment.
According to the team, the spherules were created when asteroids crashed into the Earth, vaporising rock that expanded into space as a giant vapour plume. Small droplets of molten and vaporised rock in the plume then condensed and solidified, falling back to Earth as a thin layer.
These particles were preserved in layers of rock, and the scientists analysed them to record precise information about ancient asteroid impacts on Earth, 3.5 billion to 35 million years ago.
"What we have done is provide the foundation for understanding how to interpret the layers in terms of the size and velocity of the asteroid that made them. This is the first real solid evidence that this asteroid bombardment actually happened," study author Prof Jay Melosh was quoted as saying by the Daily Mail.
The period of heavy asteroid bombardment between 4.2 billion and 3.5 billion years ago is thought to have been influenced by changes in the early solar system that altered the trajectory of objects in an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, Melosh said.
Some of the asteroids were bigger than the nine-mile rock that wiped out the dinosaurs, but the 700-million-year barrage may have delivered chemicals crucial to the beginnings of life on our planet, the team said.
When the team looked at the number of impactors as a function of size, they got a curve that showed a lot more small objects than large ones, a pattern that matches exactly the distribution of sizes in the asteroid belt.
"For the first time we have a direct connection between the crater size distribution on the ancient Earth and the sizes of asteroids out in space," Melosh said. (
Because craters are difficult to study directly, impact history must be inferred either by observations of asteroids that periodically pass near the Earth or by studying craters on the moon.
Now, the new technique using spherules offers a far more accurate alternative to chronicle asteroid impacts on Earth, Melosh said.
"We can look at these spherules, see how thick the layer is, how big the spherules are, and we can infer the size and velocity of the asteroid," Melosh said.
"We can go back to the earliest era in the history of the Earth and infer the population of asteroids impacting the planet."
For asteroids larger than about 10 km in diameter, the spherules are deposited in a global layer. "Some of these impacts were several times larger than the Chicxulub impact that killed off the dinosaurs 65 million years ago," said Purdue physics graduate student Brandon Johnson.
He said: "The impacts may have played a large role in the evolutional history of life. The large number of impacts may have helped simple life by introducing organics and other important materials at a time when life on Earth was just taking hold."
"A 40-km asteroid would have wiped out everything on the Earth`s surface, whereas the one that struck 65 million years ago killed only land animals weighing more than around 20 kg."


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Learn about chronic pain, different therapy options and Abbott innovations to help manage chronic pain, including traditional neurostimulation and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) therapy. Find additional education, resource and support information related to chronic pain.
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Learn about Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy, an effective option for controlling symptoms. Discover the St. Jude Medical Infinity™ DBS system, and access additional education, resource and support information related to movement disorders.
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text:
Poisoning deaths among teenagers rose 91 percent between 2000 and 2009, primarily due to prescription drug abuse, according to a new report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Prescription drug abuse appears to be replacing marijuana as a "gateway drug" that leads to the abuse of harder drugs, said Dr. Julie Gilchrist of the CDC's Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention.
Overall, death rates from unintentional injuries of children and teenagers decreased by almost 30 percent between 2000 and 2009, in large part because of a 41 percent drop in motor vehicle deaths, according to the Los Angeles Times.
Drug poisoning deaths among teens could be reduced by appropriate prescribing, proper storage and disposal, discouraging sharing of medication, and state-based prescription drug monitoring programs, the CDC stated in a press release.
According to the agency, the percentage of poisoning deaths among teens ages 15 to 19 with prescription drugs as a contributing cause rose from 30 percent in 2000, to 57 percent in 2009.
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The Facial Rejuvenation Centre has declared today "A Christmas for Skin Cancer Day." All cosmetic procedures preformed today at the Centre will benefit the Facial Rejuvenation Skin Cancer Foundation.
The Skin Cancer Foundation is part of Flagler Health Care Foundation Inc., which supports Flagler Hospital through charitable gifts. The Facial Rejuvenation Centre and Dr. Deidre Leake started the Skin Cancer Foundation this fall to benefit skin cancer patients without insurance or other means to pay for screenings or treatment.
Treatments being offered today by Leake and her staff at The Facial Rejuvenation Centre include Botox, a protein that inhibits the muscle, reducing expression lines. It is used for lines on the forehead and around eyes. Also included are Injectables, a treatment for volume replacement, typically around the mouth, which is used for laugh lines and lines above the lips. Then there is a photofacial treatment to reduce brown spots and redness on the face. All of their spa services are also available.
A reservation is required for services today. For Random Thoughts information or to donate to the Skin Cancer Foundation, contact The Facial Rejuvenation Centre at 810-5434 or go to www.frcentre.com.


text:
About us
Powerful results in the energy and climate transition
Ecofys is a leading international energy and climate consultancy. We have been at the forefront of energy thinking for over 30 years and are part of Navigant's global energy practice. A joint team of more than 600 experts delivers impact in the global energy and climate transition. For us, knowledge and innovation are the key factors in turning the ideas of today into viable realities of tomorrow. Supporting public and corporate organisations alike, we enable our clients to adapt to changes and identify new opportunities quickly. If we act now, the 2050 global energy system can be sustainable, secure, affordable and fully based on renewable sources. Dedicated to our mission we all work passionately to make it happen:


text:
Client Quotes
Jason Fulford, J&L Books wrote::
Dave Eggers, Editor of McSweeney's wrote:
"Issue 11 looks fantastic. Thanks for all your work on it. I think it's the best one yet."
"Issue 7 has been chosen by the American Institute of Graphic Arts as one of the top 50 books of 2001. It was also cited separately for illustration. The outer cover, which is just raw board with the type letterpressed into it, was the idea of the printer, Oddi Printing of Reykjavik. We wanted to have a thick rubber band holding the booklets together, but the printer felt they might buckle within the band, and recommended using a hardcover with the books slipped inside. We love the result; it looks like a book in mid-process, before binding. As always, it was a true collaboration between the authors – many of whom helped art-direct their covers – Elizabeth Kairys (who commissioned all the illustrations), and Oddi Printing. The result owes a lot to dumb luck – I guessed on the colors for the spine and type – and to the care and attention of everyone in Iceland."
Heather M. David, author and publisher
" ... I gotta tell you. Working with ODDI was one of the best aspects of my self-publishing experience :-)"
Leslie Fritz, Skarstedt Fine Art wrote:
"Centerfolds by Cindy Sherman "On the occasion of completing our new book, Cindy Sherman: Centerfolds, Skarstedt Fine Art thank you for all your meticulous work...The colors are very precise and capture a very beautiful quality of the photographs that is not seen in Cindy's other publications. Your paper quality is luscious, and everything was done exactly to our specifications...You come highly recommended to us, and we will recommend you highly to others."
Photographer James Smolka wrote:
"I already have the advance copies of the book. The paper is nice and bright and the printing is sharp and smooth. I'm very happy. You guys did a great job. Everyone I have showed so far is very impressed and equally excited about how reasonable your prices were. My rep was especially impressed and eager to recommend you as the printer for the rest of his photographers."
Graham Parker, author of Fair Use wrote:
"We'd looked at a few other companies for the job, but for us, Oddi had the right combination of flexibility, competitive pricing and experience of producing one-off projects with unique requirements.
What we didn't know until we'd worked with them was how much attention to detail, professionalism and patience they brought to the job to get it right. Oddi acted as collaborators on the project - concentrating on making our specific ideas work rather than telling us what wasn't possible or trying to push us towards generic solutions. Everyone, from the printers running the machines through to the sales and management team, made us feel that the project was important to them and showed such obvious pride in their work that we had absolute confidence that the final result would be worth it - and it was. I'd recommend Oddi to anyone."
Bob Thall of Columbia College Chicago wrote:
"All of us at Columbia College Chicago are thrilled with the job Oddi did printing Regarding Emma. Oddi demonstrated such skill, integrity, and care in printing this photographic book; we're really eager to work with Oddi on our next book projects."
ngela Hederman of The Little Bookroom wrote:
"You did such a beautiful job on the Collector's Journal. I just took my first look at it, and I'm thrilled. Thank you so much for all your skill and care. I look forward to many more projects with you."
hristopher Kuntze,
designer for the Conner Rosenkranz American Sculpture Catalog wrote:
"The books arrived today; they're beautiful. Thanks for all you did to make it happen."
hristopher Kuntze, designer for the Middlebury College Museum of Art and Hillwood Museum and Gardens wrote:
"The advance books for What Became of Peter's Dream arrived. It is a beautiful, beautiful job. Thank you all."
Brandon Scharr, Creative Director at Axiom Creative Group wrote:
"I just wanted to say that the book looked fantastic! We and our client have been quite pleased with it. So much so that one of the board members of World TEAM Sports contacted our creative director and told him that he might have another book that he would want done. So wish us luck on that one and thanks again for a great job!!"
Publisher David R. Godine wrote:
"I really wanted to thank you and the people at the plant for the beautiful job you did on 'London Perceived'. Everyone who looks at the book (and many did) was impressed not only by the quality of the duotones and the printing, but the care that obviously went into the folding and the binding as well. It was, quite simply, a first-class effort all the way and I am very grateful to everyone involved in it... and please expect a few more jobs over the next few months."
Ariana Speyer, Editor of Index Magazine wrote:
"This is just to say once more how pleased I am with the issue of Index that just arrived from Oddi. The production is amazing – the pictures really pop and look incredible, I love the paper and cover stock and it had been a real pleasure working with you and everyone at Oddi. Here's to more great issues in the future!"
George F. Thompson, Editor of The Center for American Places wrote:
"I cannot thank Oddi enough for the professional manner in which Regarding Emma was brought to publication. Like Bob Thall's book, City Spaces, the attitude toward achieving excellence was superior, for which the author, Columbia College Chicago, and this center are most grateful and appreciative. I look forward to working with Oddi on our next venture. The relationship we have with Oddi is one we wish to have with everyone."
Publisher/Editor Jen Cantwell of Reflex Magazine wrote:
"I am so HAPPY! I think it looks wonderful. Expect to be hearing from me about the next issue in 2 months or so. Overall I am thrilled! Thank you so much for all of your patience and guidance!"
Rita MacDonald of Ronald Feldman Fine Arts wrote:
"Just wanted to let you know that we got the 30 initial American Dream books and they look great...everyone involved is really quite happy. Thanks for all your hard work...you really made the job go easily and smoothly! I hope we have the opportunity to work together again in the future."
Designer Tamar Burchill wrote:
"The Barrie Cooke catalogues arrived this morning and they look terrific. I think the stock works particularly well and the two details look fabulous. It is excellent printing. I'm really pleased with it. Thank you very much indeed. And yes, I will certainly look forward to working with you both again if at all possible."
Contact Us
Oddi Printing - Hofdabakki 7, Reykjavik, Iceland
Tel: +354 515 5000


text:
The aliens in Aliens: Colonial Marines won't be the only aliens you're killing in February as Team 17 has announced that Alien Breed, a PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita downloadable title, will be arriving on February 6th in Europe and on February 12th in North America.
I'll need to check out a demo before I spend any money on it.
Looks like a fun game. Cross play should make it easier to find other players.
Alien breed has been in the NA playstation mobile store since Nov 13th under the action category. I'm looking at it right now on my Vita.
It's not the same. It's the alien breed that came out on xbla.


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The past few weeks have been rough on Marin Alsop.
Late last month, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra's music director gathered with family and friends in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., at the bedside of her mother. Ruth Alsop, whose career included playing cello in the New York City Ballet Orchestra for more than 50 years, died Jan. 23 at the age of 82.
Eleven days later, the conductor was back in Baltimore at another bedside, her father's. Lamar Alsop, who was concertmaster of that same ballet orchestra for more than three decades, died Feb. 3 at the age of 85.
"My mother was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer in September," Alsop said. "I had brought my dad down here [to Baltimore] two years ago when he was diagnosed with a neurological condition related to Parkinson's disease. We knew it would eventually get him, but we still thought we would have more time."


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Smokebox of Ab class locomotive (New Zealand Railways, number 608, 4-6-2), 1925
Reference Number: APG-1607-1/2-G
Smoke box of Ab class locomotive (NZR Number 608). Photographed by A P Godber at the Hillside Railway Workshops, in 1925.
Key terms:
1 image, related to New Zealand Railways, Hillside and Locomotives - Design and construction.
Part of:
Godber, Albert Percy, 1875-1949 :Collection of albums, prints and negatives, Reference Number PA-Group-00048 (2024 digitised items)
Extent: 1 b&w original negative(s)Dry plate glass negative 6.5 x 4.75 inches. Horizontal imageSingle negative
Historical Notes: NZR locomotive "Ab" 608 (4-6-2) was built by New Zealand Railways, Addington, Christchurch in 1915, and was preserved in 1967. See "Register of New Zealand Railways steam locomotives 1863-1971" by W G Lloyd.
Conditions governing access to original: Partial restriction - Negatives are not available for viewing. Surrogate copies will be provided.
Citation: Any publication must be accompanied by the credit "A P Godber Collection, Alexander Turnbull Library".
Inscriptions: Inscribed - On album page - Smoke box. Ab 608.
Usage: You can search, browse, print and download items from this website for research and personal study. You are welcome to reproduce the above image(s) on your blog or another website, but please maintain the integrity of the image (i.e. don't crop, recolour or overprint it), reproduce the image's caption information and link back to here (http://mp.natlib.govt.nz/detail/?id=37672). If you would like to use the above image(s) in a different way (e.g. in a print publication), or use the transcription or translation, permission must be obtained. More information about copyright and usage can be found on the Copyright and Usage page of the NLNZ web site.
External Links:
View Full Descriptive Record in TAPUHI
View and/or order a copy of this image from Timeframes
View Archived Image on NDHA


text:
If Lakers followers leave just enough room between squeezed eyelids, Karl-Anthony Towns might look like a familiar player.
Without all the knee problems. And the unpredictable attitude.
Towns is a freshman at Kentucky whose two-way play makes him a more robust Andrew Bynum at the same age. They even went to the same high school — Metuchen (N.J.) St. Joseph, almost a decade apart.
Towns is a main reason for the University of Kentucky's undefeated season so far, his quirky personality matching the Wildcats' 28-0 record and more often than not silencing "Karlito," the imaginary friend who sits on his shoulder.
It's true. Whenever Towns is mad at himself, the...


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Sina Nova W01 Light Italic Fonts
<link href="//db.onlinewebfonts.com/c/671bf507ce68905749dd5bcbe79d5c6e?family=SinaNovaW01-LightItalic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>#2 Using @import CSS directive, put the following line in add to your css file.(http | https)
@import url(//db.onlinewebfonts.com/c/671bf507ce68905749dd5bcbe79d5c6e?family=SinaNovaW01-LightItalic);#3 Use font-face declaration Fonts.(http | https)
@font-face {font-family: "SinaNovaW01-LightItalic"; src: url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/671bf507ce68905749dd5bcbe79d5c6e.eot"); src: url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/671bf507ce68905749dd5bcbe79d5c6e.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/671bf507ce68905749dd5bcbe79d5c6e.woff2") format("woff2"), url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/671bf507ce68905749dd5bcbe79d5c6e.woff") format("woff"), url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/671bf507ce68905749dd5bcbe79d5c6e.ttf") format("truetype"), url("//db.onlinewebfonts.com/t/671bf507ce68905749dd5bcbe79d5c6e.svg#SinaNovaW01-LightItalic") format("svg"); }
Copyright (c) 2012 by Dieter Hofrichter. All rights reserved.
SinaNova-LightItalic is a trademark of Dieter Hofrichter.
Hoftype Standard LicenseBy buying this font you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement. This Agreement, in conjunction with the receipt that accompanies each purchase from Hoftype, constitutes the complete agreement between you and Hoftype.1. Allowed usesYou may use the licensed fonts to create images on any surface such as computer screens, paper, web pages, photographs, movie credits, printed material, T-shirts, and other surfaces where the image is a fixed size.You may use the licensed fonts to create EPS files or other scalable drawings provided that such files are only used by the household or company licensing the font.2. Number of usersThe maximum number of simultaneous users is specified in the applicable receipt. All users must belong to the same company or household purchasing the font.3. Third partiesYou may provide the font to a graphic designer, printer or other service bureau that is working on your behalf only if they agree to use the font exclusively for your work, agree to the terms of this license, and retain no copies of the font on completion of the work.You may not provide the font or make it accessible to any other third parties.4. EmbeddingYou may embed the licensed fonts into any document you send to third parties provided such embedding is restricted to viewing and printing that document.You may not embed the licensed fonts into software or hardware products in which the fonts will be used by the purchasers of such products. Such use requires a different license (OEM). Please contact email@example.com for information on OEM licenses.5. ModificationsYou may import characters from the font as graphical objects into a drawing program and modify such graphical objects.You may not modify, adapt, translate, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, or create derivative works based on the licensed font itself without Hoftype' prior written consent.6. CopyrightThe font and the accompanying materials are copyrighted and contain proprietary information and trade secrets belonging to the foundry owning the font. Unauthorized copying of the Product even if modified, merged, or included with other software, or of the written materials, is expressly forbidden. You may be held legally responsible for any infringement of the foundrys intellectual property rights that is caused or encouraged by your failure to abide by the terms of this Agreement.7. TerminationThis Agreement is effective until terminated. This Agreement will terminate automatically without notice from Hoftype if you fail to comply with any provision contained herein. Upon termination, you must destroy the written materials, the Product, and all copies of them, in part and in whole, including modified copies, if any.8. Product UpgradesHoftype may, from time to time, update the Product. Product upgrade pricing may apply.9. Disclaimer and Limited WarrantyHoftype warrants the Product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of twenty one (21) days from the date of delivery as shown on your receipt. Hoftype' entire liability and your exclusive remedy as to a defective product shall be, at Hoftype' option, either return of purchase price or replacement of any such product that is returned to Hoftype with a copy of the invoice. Hoftype shall have no responsibility to replace the product or refund the purchase price if failure results from accident, abuse or misapplication, or if any product is lost or damaged due to theft, fire, or negligence. Any replacement product will be warranted for twenty one (21) days. This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may have other rights, which vary from state to state.EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED ABOVE, THE PRODUCT, IS PROVIDED AS IS. Hoftype DOES NOT MAKE ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the Product rests upon you. Hoftype does not warrant that the functions contained in the Product will meet your requirements or that the operation of the software will be uninterrupted or error free.Hoftype SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FROM LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, AND THE LIKE) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT EVEN IF Hoftype HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.Because some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you.10. Governing LawThis agreement is governed by the laws of Germany.
Alinea Incise W01 Medium
Thierry PuyfoulhouxAuthor
Thierry PuyfoulhouxTrademark
Alinea Incise Medium is a trademark of Thierry Puyfoulhoux.Copyright
Copyright (c) 2014 by Thierry Puyfoulhoux. All rights reserved.License
PrsenceTypo Desktop EULA End User License AgreementStandard License AgreementPrsenceTypoPontfranche05200 Embrun, Francehttp://email@example.com LICENSE AGREEMENTBy installing PrsenceTypo fonts, you are agreeing to the terms of this license.PrsenceTypo font(s) and/or artwork are licensed for use on 2 output devices and 7 computers connected to the same network. If your configuration exceeds this format, you must contact PrsenceTypo at firstname.lastname@example.com to expand your site license. You are also responsible for securing this data and making sure that unlicensed copies do not leave your possession. If you do not agree to the terms of this license, delete the enclosed files from your computer(s) and notify firstname.lastname@example.com as soon as possible. Details of the licensing are as follows:1. Each PrsenceTypo font is licensed for use on 2 (two) printers or output devices in conjunction with a maximum of 7 (seven) CPUs.2. A multi-device site license upgrade must be purchased for multiple device use according to a multi-device license schedule specified in paragraph 10. Each location and/or entity must purchase a separate license, starting with the first device. An output device is any printer, such as a Linotronic rasterizer, laser printer, or dot-matrix printer, any video display terminal or any other device where display is generated from the font outlines, such as with the use of Adobe Type Manager or native TrueType rasterizer if the font is to be used primarily for display terminals that generate the output, as in a multimedia CD.3. PrsenceTypo fonts may not be copied or duplicated in any form except for backup purposes. PrsenceTypo fonts or documentation may not be rented, leased, sublicensed or lent to another person or entity without explicit authorization granted by PrsenceTypo or one of its representatives.4. PrsenceTypo fonts may not be returned or exchanged unless defective. Defective fonts shall be replaced by the same fonts, albeit functional, if accompanied with purchase receipt and if PrsenceTypo is notified within one week of purchase.5. Any outline, EPS file, illustration, or anything derived from PrsenceTypo fonts must be used according to the original licensing terms. This means, for example, that any modified PrsenceTypo font, or any outline information derived from any PrsenceTypo font is still licensed for the same number of devices as the original and may not be sublicensed, given away, or sold without written permission from PrsenceTypo.6. This license does permit the embedding of Sudtipos fonts in digital documents.7. The user of PrsenceTypo fonts agrees to credit PrsenceTypo as the trademark and copyright owner of the PrsenceTypo fonts and list the font names, wherever and whenever type design, production, or any other related credits are shown.8. Any violation by licensee of this agreement shall cause this license to be terminated. In the event of termination, and without limiting any other remedies which may be available against you, you must immediately return the fonts to PrsenceTypo and certify that no copies remain in your possession or exist on the originally licensed site.9. PrsenceTypo makes no warranties express or implied as to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or otherwise. Without limiting the aforementioned, PrsenceTypo shall in no event be liable for any direct, indirect, consequential, or incidental damages, including damages from loss of business profits, business interruption, and loss of business information, arising out of the use or inability to use PrsenceTypo fonts.10. Multi-device License Upgrade Schedule:PrsenceTypo fonts are automatically licensed for use with 2 output devices in conjunction with a maximum of 7 CPUs. Each location and/or entity must purchase a separate license, starting with the first device. The upgrade price is calculated as a percentage of the original price of the font(s). The following is cumulative:3rd to 5th printer with 8 to 40 CPUs: add 50 percent for each printer or each 7 CPUs 5th to 15th printer with 41 to 100 CPUs: add 20 percent for each printer or each 7 CPUs 16th to 50th printer with 101 to 250 CPUs: add 10 percent for each printer or each 7 CPUs 51st printer and over with 251 CPUs and over: add 5 percent for each printer or each 7 CPUsIf your usage exceeds the number of CPUs for a given output device category, you must purchase the upgrade with the applicable number of CPUs. Special site or project licensing discounts may be obtained by contacting PrsenceTypo or emailing email@example.com further information on licensing, PrsenceTypo may be contacted at the following information:Email: firstname.lastname@example.com: http://www.presencetypo.fr
ATF ArumSans W01 Bold
Australian Type FoundryAuthor
Wayne ThompsonTrademark
ArumSans Bold is a trademark of Australian Type Foundry.Copyright
Copyright (c) 2008 by Australian Type Foundry. All rights reserved.Description
Copyright (c) 2008 by Australian Type Foundry. All rights reserved.License
END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT: AUSTRALIAN TYPE FOUNDRYEach font purchased from Australian Type Foundry (ATF) is licensed for use on 5 personal computers within the purchasing organisation. The end user agrees to receive purchased product from ATF or licensed vendor via email transmission unless otherwise specified on the ATF website. The end user agrees NOT to use fonts purchased from ATF for any purpose, commercial, public, personal or otherwise, which constitutes an illegal act or an incitement to racial, sexual or gender vilification or any other discriminatory or illegal purposes. The end user agrees not to copy, transmit, reproduce, or imitate any product purchased from ATF for any user outside the purchasing organisation or for any public or commercial purpose, unless permission in writing is obtained from ATF. The end user agrees not to modify the digital construction or coding of fonts purchased from ATF. Copyright and intellectual property remain the sole property of ATF after purchase. By purchasing from ATF you agree to these terms and conditions.ATF and its suppliers do not and cannot warrant the performance or results you may obtain by using the software.
AREO Regular V1
FontStruct is a trademark of FSI FontShop International GmbHCopyright
Copyright pie123cheese345 2013Description
AREO was built with FontStructLicense
Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike
Iowan Old Style W01 Black
Bitstream Inc.Author
John DownerTrademark
Iowan Old Style BT is a trademark of Bitstream Inc.Copyright
Copyright 1990-2005 Bitstream Inc. All rights reserved.Description
Originally released in 1991 in a standard character set, Iowan Old Style was designed by noted sign painter John Downer and is classified as a Venetian old style type design. It is related to earlier, 20th-century American interpretations of Italian Renaissance types cut by Nicolas Jenson and Francesco Griffo, but it is modeled also on classical inscriptional lettering and sign painting seen in certain regions of eastern Iowa, where Downer has lived for many years. In 2000, the expert and old style figure font sets were finally released, and in 2002 a new titling font was added to round out the family. Iowan Old Style is a hardy contemporary text design with a larger x-height, tighter letterfit and reproportioned capitals, and it is perfectly suited for use in fine book settings.
New Stencil tfb
New Stencil tfbStyle
1.00 February 20, 2013, initial releaseDescription
This font was created using FontCreator 6.5 from High-Logic.com
Core Sans NR W01 83 XHv Italic
S-Core Co., Ltd.Author
Lee, Hyun-Seung ; Hahm, Dae-Hoon ; Ham, Min-JooTrademark
Core Sans NR 83 Ex Heavy Italic is a trademark of S-Core Co., Ltd..Copyright
Copyright (c) 2013 by S-Core Co., Ltd.. All rights reserved.Description
Copyright (c) 2013 by S-Core Co., Ltd.. All rights reserved.License
NOTIFICATION OF LICENSE AGREEMENT You may use this font as permitted by the EULA for the product in which this font is included to display and print content. You may only (i) embed this font in content as permitted by the embedding restrictions included in this font; and (ii) temporarily download this font to a printer or other output device to help print content.
Ayita W01 Black Italic
Ascender CorporationAuthor
Jim FordTrademark
Ayita is a trademark of Ascender Corporation which may be registered in certain jurisdictions.Copyright
Copyright 2010 Ascender Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Designed by Jim Ford.Description
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The Museum tells the story of Bushey and its unique artistic history. It has a large collection of works and articles relating to Sir Hubert von Herkomer RA and his world-renowned Art School. Also on show is the Lucy Kemp-Welch Memorial Trust Collection, including many of Lucy's superb paintings of horses.
Bushey's social history is shown through displays on life in the village both in time of peace and war, some of the many locally made products and historic maps.


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Bestselling novelist Gillian Flynn is on a hell of a roll lately. Not only has the film adaptation of her runaway hit Gone Girl been picking up buzz with its recent casting news, she's got another movie project in the works for her 2009 novel Dark Places.
Dark Places will hit theaters sometime in 2014, and it's just been announced that Christina Hendricks is the latest addition to what's sounding like a VERY promising cast. Hendricks will play Krissi Cates in the film, a struggling-to-get-by stripper who years ago accused a man of being a child molester. Cates must now address secrets from her past that have affected the accused man's older sister, and -- oh, I won't give the whole story away, but I love the idea of Hendricks in this role.
Hendricks joins a downright fascinating cast list -- check out the 6 other confirmed actors and actresses that will be starring in Dark Places.
First, a little background on Dark Places, if you haven't read it. Here's a synopsis:
Libby Day was seven when her mother and two sisters were murdered in "The Satan Sacrifice of Kinnakee, Kansas." As her family lay dying, little Libby fled their tiny farmhouse into the freezing January snow. She lost some fingers and toes, but she survived -- and famously testified that her fifteen-year-old brother, Ben, was the killer. Twenty-five years later, Ben sits in prison, and troubled Libby lives off the dregs of a trust created by well-wishers who've long forgotten her.
The Kill Club is a macabre secret society obsessed with notorious crimes. When they locate Libby and pump her for details -- proof they hope may free Ben -- Libby hatches a plan to profit off her tragic history. For a fee, she'll reconnect with the players from that night and report her findings to the club ... and maybe she'll admit her testimony wasn't so solid after all.
As Libby's search takes her from shabby Missouri strip clubs to abandoned Oklahoma tourist towns, the narrative flashes back to January 2, 1985. The events of that day are relayed through the eyes of Libby's doomed family members -- including Ben, a loner whose rage over his shiftless father and their failing farm have driven him into a disturbing friendship with the new girl in town. Piece by piece, the unimaginable truth emerges, and Libby finds herself right back where she started -- on the run from a killer.
It is, like all of Flynn's books, a super-fun, fast-paced read. The film version of Gone Girl will likely get more attention, but this adaptation seems worthy in its own right -- just take a look at the cast thus far:
Charlize Theron.
Amy Adams was originally cast in the lead for Dark Places, but she's been replaced by Charlize Theron, who will play Libby Day.
Corey Stoll.
This is a great career move for Stoll, who's just coming off a fantastic performance in House of Cards. He'll play the incarcerated adult Ben.
Tye Sheridan.
Oooh, I'm so thrilled to see Sheridan in another high-profile role -- I just watched him in Mud and I thought he was amazing. Sheridan will play the younger version of Ben.
Chloë Moretz.
Moretz, who will always be the gorgeous little girl from Kick-Ass who said the C-word to me, will play the horrible Diondra, onetime girlfriend of Ben.
Nicholas Hoult.
Hoult is cast as the treasurer of the Kill Club, the group assisting Libby with the case.
Andrea Roth.
No word yet on who Roth, best known for her role as Tommy Gavin's wife in Rescue Me, is playing. Maybe Libby's mom Patty?
Good for Gillian Flynn for leveraging her publication success into becoming such a red-hot Hollywood commodity. I'm definitely looking forward to seeing how Dark Places plays out on the big screen.
What do you think of the casting for Dark Places?
Images via ravenu/Flickr, worldeconomicforum/Flickr, Netflix, Lionsgate, ChloeMoretz.com, GageSkidmore/Flickr, FX


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This study investigates modern and historical rates of organic carbon burial and peat accretion in order to understand how mangrove ecosystems might adapt to future sea-level rise (SLR) and climate change.
Mangrove forests represent important habitat that incorporates characteristics of both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Climate change and associated sea-level rise (SLR) stand to alter these important ecosystems, yet the potential response in Florida mangroves is poorly understood. Thus, it remains difficult to identify appropriate management priorities and develop meaningful adaptation strategies.
Florida mangrove ecosystems and the species that rely on them for habitat would not exist without the organic carbon produced within them. Therefore stability of these systems depends on burial of organic matter at a sufficient rate to allow accretion to keep pace with SLR or retreat landward where SLR out-paces sediment accretion. Thus, a scientific understanding of modern organic carbon burial and peat accretion rates, along with past response to sea-level rise is needed to prioritize management strategies to best manage and protect Florida's mangrove forests (and the organisms that depend on them) from the threat of sea-level rise and climate change.
To address this, core-based studies of mangrove peats will provide information on: 1) historical and modern rates of peat accretion in mangrove forests; 2) organic carbon content and burial rates within the mangrove peats; and 3) past sea-level history and ecosystem response to recent sea-level rise. Such information will allow the formulation of potential adaptation strategies to sea-level rise and climate change for mangrove ecosystems along their native range on the west coast of Florida from Florida Bay to Tampa Bay.
FWC Facts:Along the Florida coast, sea turtles annually make between 40,000 and 84,000 nests. Females nest every 2-3 years, laying several nests on sandy beaches.
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Traveling Luck for WGEA-AM (Geneva) Alabama, United States
The timezone in WGEA-AM (Geneva) is America/Iqaluit
Morning Sunrise at 08:34 and Evening Sunset at 18:43. It's light
Rough GPS position Latitude. 31.0225°, Longitude. -85.8711°
Morning Sunrise at 08:34 and Evening Sunset at 18:43. It's light
Rough GPS position Latitude. 31.0225°, Longitude. -85.8711°
Weather near WGEA-AM (Geneva) Last report from BONIFAY TRI-CTY, null 42.2km awaylight rain Temperature: 11°C / 52°F
Wind: 3.5km/h Northwest
Cloud: Broken at 700ft Solid Overcast at 11000ft
Satellite map of WGEA-AM (Geneva) and it's surroudings...
Geographic features & Photographs around WGEA-AM (Geneva) in Alabama, United States
stream a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Pea River (1.6km)
- Keith Mill Branch (1.6km)
- Double Bridges Creek (2.1km)
- Threemile Branch (2.6km)
- Ice Factory Branch (2.9km)
- Martin Branch (4.6km)
- Spring Creek (4.8km)
- Laddon Creek (5.5km)
- Flowers Branch (5.8km)
- Carter Mill Creek (5.8km)
- Smith Branch (6.4km)
- Wide Branch (6.5km)
- Hand Branch (6.6km)
- Limestone Branch (6.7km)
- Blackshire Creek (6.8km)
church a building for public Christian worship.
- First United Methodist Church (1.8km)
- Saint John Baptist Church (1.9km)
- New Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church (2km)
- First Baptist Church (2.1km)
- Saint Marys Catholic Church (2.2km)
- Southside Church (2.7km)
- First Baptist Church (3km)
- Spring Hill Church (3.5km)
- Maple Avenue Baptist Church (4.3km)
- Westside United Methodist Church (4.4km)
- Midway Church (5.1km)
- Faith Temple Church (5.7km)
- Vaughanville Church (6km)
Local Feature A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Geneva Church of God and Christ (1.7km)
- First Episcopal Church (historical) (2.2km)
- Church of God (2.3km)
- Winoski (2.6km)
- Spring Creek (historical) (4.3km)
- Carter Mill (historical) (5.8km)
populated place a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- Geneva (1.7km)
- Somerset (2.7km)
- Eunola (3.9km)
- Vaughanville (5.9km)
- Morrisville (historical) (6.9km)
Accommodation around WGEA-AM (Geneva)
BRIARWOOD INN OF GENEVA 1503 West Magnolia Avenue, Geneva
Candlewood Suites Enterprise S 203 Brabham Dr, Enterprise
Holiday Inn Express & Suites Bonifay 115 Washington Drive, Bonifay
school building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Riverside Heights High School (historical) (2.8km)
- Geneva High School (3.3km)
- Center Ridge School (historical) (3.5km)
- Vaughn School (historical) (6.1km)
cemetery a burial place or ground.
- Geneva City Cemetery (1.5km)
- Eunola Cemetery (5.4km)
- Carter Cemetery (6km)
- Vaughanville Cemetery (6km)
dam a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water.
- Lakeside Estates Dam (2.5km)
- Danny Fulford Number 2 Dam (4.4km)
- Danny Fulford Number 1 Dam (4.6km)
airport a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo.
- Wiregrass Hospital Airport (4.7km)
- Geneva Municipal Airport (4.8km)
tower a high conspicuous structure, typically much higher than its diameter.
- WGEA-FM (Geneva) (0km)
- WGEA-AM (Geneva) (0km)
reservoir(s) an artificial pond or lake.
- Danny Fulford Lake (4.4km)
- Danny Fulford Lake (4.6km)
building(s) a structure built for permanent use, as a house, factory, etc..
- Geneva County Courthouse (1.8km)
hospital a building in which sick or injured, especially those confined to bed, are medically treated.
- Geneva County Hospital (4.7km)
post office a public building in which mail is received, sorted and distributed.
- Geneva Post Office (1.9km)
lake a large inland body of standing water.
- Geneva, Lake (2.7km)
park an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
- Hugh Owen Stadium (3.2km)
Wikipedia entries close to WGEA-AM (Geneva)
- Geneva, Alabama city o city
- Eunola, Alabama city o city
- Geneva County adm2nd adm2nd
- Black, Alabama city o city
- Coffee Springs, Alabama city o city
- Bethlehem, Florida city o city
- Hartford, Alabama city o city
- Samson, Alabama city o city
- Esto, Florida city o city
- Noma, Florida city o
- Caryville, Florida city o city
- Slocomb, Alabama city o city
- Clayhatchee, Alabama city o city
- Westville, Florida city o city
- Enterprise Municipal Airport (Alabama) airport airport
- Bonifay, Florida city o
Airports close to WGEA-AM (Geneva)Dothan rgnl(DHN), Dothan, Usa (68.2km)
Bob sikes(CEW), Crestview, Usa (89km)
Eglin afb(VPS), Valparaiso, Usa (florida (113.8km)
Hurlburt fld(HRT), Mary esther, Usa (134.6km)
Tyndall afb(PAM), Panama city, Usa (144km)


text: Select an international website Zoover.at Zoover.be Zoover.ch Zoover.com Zoover.com.tr Zoover.com.ua Zoover.cz Zoover.de Zoover.dk Zoover.es Zoover.fr Zoover.gr Zoover.hu Zoover.it Zoover.lt Zoover.nl Zoover.no Zoover.pl Zoover.pt Zoover.ro Zoover.ru Zoover.se Home Destinations Accommodations Add review Add review Add photos Add videos Add new accommodation Add attraction Home Add review Malta Swieqi Accommodations Swieqi Reviews (0) Photos & videos (0) Accommodations (4) Attractions (45) Weather forecast Map Tips (0) More Question and Answer (0) There are currently no reviews for Swieqi Weather 11° / 16° 15 Dec 2018 Weather forecast and climate... Unfortunately no photos available Add the first photo - Are you looking for a well-reviewed accommodation for your holiday in Swieqi? Below you can find all accommodations in Swieqi. Sort by Zoover recommends Rating Reviews Distance from centre 4 Accommodations Malta, Swieqi Location Radius: Select 2 km 10 km 20 km 50 km Country Malta Region Malta Destination Swieqi Accommodation Accommodation Apartements in Swieqi Bed and Breakfasts in Swieqi Villas in Swieqi Accommodation star count 3 Facilities WiFi Towel service Airco More facilities User Rating Number of reviews 1 Review 7-8.4 Good2 5-6.9 Mediocre1 Scores well regarding Appreciation Location Service Value for money Rooms Interior Space More criteria Contributions 2 Search within results: 8 click Add review Villa: BaseCamp Swieqi, 0.3 km from center Malta Swieqi 8 click Add review Bed and Breakfast: Green Grove Guesthouse Swieqi, 0.5 km from center Malta Swieqi 5.8 click Add review Apartment: Garden View *** Swieqi, 0.2 km from center Malta Swieqi - click Add review Apartment: Villa Gardenia Swieqi Malta Swieqi Hotels Hotels in St. Julians Hotels in Sliema (nearby St. Julian's Bay) Hotels in Qawra (nearby St. Paul's Bay) Hotels in Mellieha Hotels in Valletta Hotels in Bugibba (nearby St. Paul's Bay) Hotels in St. Pauls Bay Information about Swieqi Weather Swieqi Map Swieqi Photos Swieqi Videos Swieqi Question and Answer Swieqi Destinations nearby Sliema (nearby St. Julian's Bay) St. Julians Valletta Mosta Paola Msida Marsa Are you looking for a well-reviewed accommodation for your holiday in Swieqi? Below you can find all accommodations in Swieqi. read more Are you looking for a good reviewed accommodation for your holiday in Swieqi? Below you can find all accommodations in Swieqi. You can find comments regarding 2 Apartement, 1 Bed and Breakfast and 1 Villa in Swieqi. Please use the filters on the left to find your ideal accommodation. - - Less text


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Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 2d duke of
Norfolk, Thomas Howard,
2d duke of, 1443–1524, English nobleman, son of John Howard, 1st duke of Norfolk. He fought at the battle of Bosworth (1485) in which his father was killed. He himself was captured, attainted, and placed in the Tower of London. He was released (1489) by Henry VII and restored to the earldom of Surrey, which he had received in 1483, but not to the dukedom of Norfolk. He was entrusted by Henry VII with the care of the northern borders and in 1501 was made lord treasurer. Recognized as the leading general in England, he commanded the army that defeated (1513) the Scots at Flodden and was created (1514) duke of Norfolk. Although an influential member of Henry VIII's privy council, he was gradually forced to relinquish much of his power to the ascending Thomas Wolsey. He served as guardian of the realm during Henry's absence in 1520. In 1521, acting as lord high steward, he was compelled to sentence his friend Edward Stafford , 3d duke of Buckingham, to death.
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IB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily.
- Arron Neal
- 2 years ago
- Views:
1 The Mole Atomic mass units and atoms are not convenient units to work with. The concept of the mole was invented. This was the number of atoms of carbon-12 that were needed to make 12 g of carbon. 1 mole = 6.02 x things One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily. Using the periodic table, we can find the molar mass of different atoms. Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole. The molar mass of sulfur is 32.06g mol -1 Ex 1: a) Find the number of moles in 20.0 g of sulfur. b) How many sulfur atoms in 2.75 moles of sulfur? c) What is the mass of 8.3 x atoms of sulfur? d) How many moles in 12.0 g of lithium? e) How many atoms in g of barium? 1
2 A molecule is treated in much the same way as an atom. Molecular mass is the mass, in amu s, of one molecule of a substance. Relative Molecular mass, M r, is the mass of the substance relative to the mass of C-12. It has no units, but same numerical value as molecular mass. Molar Mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. Units are g mol -1. Because ionic compounds do not form discrete molecules, the term formula mass can be substituted for molecular mass. Ex 2: a) Find the relative molecular mass of carbon tetrachloride. b) Find the formula mass of ammonium phosphate. Molecular conversions to moles are accomplished similarly to atomic conversions. (Draw the equality diagram for water here) 2
3 Ex 3: a) Find the mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl. b) Find the number of molecules in 15 g of hydrochloric acid. c) How many atoms in 6.6 moles of Aluminium oxide. (Careful, there are 5 atoms in one formula unit of aluminium oxide.) d) How many hydrogen atoms in 7.0 g of water? Follow Up Problems 3.1, 2 Problems 3.2, 8, 12, 14, 16 3
4 2 Percent Composition The mole allows a convenient conversion from mass to the number of particles (atoms or molecules). This will be used often because we measure mass very easily. A chemical formula provides the number of atoms in a molecule or formula unit. These amounts can be converted to masses. To determine the mass of each element in a compound we compare the mass of that element to the mass of the compound. It is most convenient to assume a 1 mole sample: Ex 1: Find the percent composition of each element in: a) Ethanol C 2 H 6 O % X =! mass of X $ " # mass of compound % & x 100% b) Potassium sulfite For an unknown compound, the first step in identifying the unknown is to perform a compositional analysis. For carbohydrates (only have C, H, and O) this is performed by burning the sample completely. The mass of each component can be determined. They masses must be converted to moles because the formula is a ratio of the number of atoms. 4
5 Empirical Formula is the simplest ratio of the elements in a compound. Molecular Formula is the actual number of elements present in a covalent compound. Ex 2: Give the empirical formula for: a) glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 b) sucrose: C 12 H 24 O 12 c) C 6 H 6 d) C 4 H 5 O 3 What are the possible molecular formula for the empirical formula: C 2 H 3 O To find the formula from the percent composition, we convert all mass percents to moles, and then find the ratio of moles. Ex 3: A sample is found to be 85.6% carbon and 14.4 % hydrogen. What is the empirical formula? Ex 4: A compound is found to be 42.1 % sodium, 18.9 % phosphorous, and the rest oxygen. What is the empirical formula? 5
6 To find the molecular formula the molar mass of the compound must be compared to the molar mass of the empirical formula. Why do ionic compound only have empirical formula? Ex 5: A compound has 49.2% C, 43.8% O and the rest hydrogen. Its molar mass is found to be g mol -1. What is the empirical formula and the molecular formula? Follow Up Problems 3.3, 4, 5 Problems 3. 33, 35, 37, 39, 44 3 Chemical Equations A chemical equation represents how atoms will rearrange from their original compound (reactants or reagents) to their final compounds (products) reactants (state) conditions!!!!" products (state) By convention, reactants ore on the left, products are on the right. State symbols: (s) solid (l) liquid (g) gas (aq) aqueous, dissolved in water Conditions are: temperature, catalysts, other reaction factors 6
7 A chemical reaction must be balanced. Each type of atom must be present in the same amount on both sides of the equation. Consistent with conservation of mass and Dalton's atomic theory, atoms are not destroyed, only rearranged. To balance an equation, coefficients are used. These are numbers in front of each compound that indicate multiples of the compound. 2H 2( g ) + O 2( g ) Pt! "! 2H 2 O (l ) This means 2 molecules of hydrogen gas react with 1 molecule of oxygen gas with a platinum catalyst to form 2 molecules of liquid water. It also means that 2 moles of hydrogen gas react with 1 mole of oxygen gas to produce 2 moles of liquid water. Hints: 7 elements are diatomic: H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2. If these elements are found on their own, they will be diatomic. This only applies to these elements not in compounds. Balance elements last. If the atoms in a polyatomic ion are only present in these ions, they can be treated as one thing. Ex 1: Balanced the following: a) Na (s) + Cl 2(g) à NaCl (s) b) C 3 H 8(l) + O 2(g) à CO 2(g) + H 2 O (g) c) Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + BaCl 2 à AlCl 3 + Ba(SO 4 ) d) Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + SiO 2 + Cà CaSiO 3 + CO+ P e) Silver metal reacts with sulfur trioxide gas to produce silver sulfide and oxygen gas Follow Up Problems 3.7 Problems 3.51, 53, 55 7
8 4 Stoichiometry Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry that deals with calculating the amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. To perform these calculations, we use a balanced equation and molar amounts of reactants and products. Steps for a stoichiometric calculation: 1) Determine the balanced reaction. 2) Convert the amount you are given into moles. 3) Convert from moles of the known to moles of the unknown based on the coefficients in the balanced chemical reaction. 4) Convert from moles of the unknown to the units required. Ex 1: For the combustion of hydrogen: 2 H 2(g) + O 2(g) " 2 H 2 O (g) a) How much water vapour is produced by 5.0 g of hydrogen? b) What mass of hydrogen is needed to react with 235 g of oxygen gas? c) What mass of oxygen is required to produce 2.5 moles of water vapour? 8
9 Ex 2: Aluminium chloride reacts with tin(iv)oxide to produce aluminium oxide and tin(iv)chloride. a) What mass of aluminium chloride is required to react with 1.00 g of the tin oxide? b) What mass of each product would you expect from the reaction in (a)? Follow Up Problems 3.8 Problems 3.61, 63, 65, 67 9
10 5 Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield For the reaction: 2 H 2(g) + O 2(g) " 2 H 2 O (g) 2 moles of hydrogen (4.0 g) should react with 1 mole of oxygen (32.0 g) to produce 2 moles of water (36.0 g) We must consider 2 possibilities. 1) What if there is a shortage of one of the reactants? 2) What if the reaction does not react as we expect and produces too little of too much product. If one of the reactants is exhausted, the reaction stops. We call this reactant the limiting reactant (or limiting reagent). The reactant that is left over is said to be in excess. The questions that are commonly asked in reference to limiting reactants are: 1) Which reactant is the limiting reactant? 2) How much of the other reactant(s) is(are) in excess? 3) How much product is expected? The easiest method to determine the limiting reactant is to calculate the amount of product formed be each reactant. The reactant that produces the least product in the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant can then be used to calculate the amount of the excess reactant that is needed. Ex 1: Hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium hydroxide to produce water and aqueous magnesium chloride. How much water is produced if 20.0 g of hydrochloric acid reacts with 10.0 g of magnesium hydroxide? How much of the excess reactant is left over? 10
11 In a chemical reaction we write the reaction that we expect. However, nature may not be accommodating. The reaction may stop before it is complete Other reactions may take place Samples may not be pure Other problems To express how close reality is to our expectations, we use percent yield: % yield =! actual yield $ " # theoretical yield % & x 100% Actual yield is the result from the experiment. Theoretical yield is the result from your stoichiometric calculations. Ex 2: A reaction of 2.00 g of hydrogen with excess oxygen produced 15.8 g of water. What is the yield of this experiment? Ex 3: 24.0 g of Iodine react with 0.20 g of hydrogen to produce 11.8 g of hydrogen iodide. What is the percent yield of this reaction? Follow Up Problems 3.10, 11, 12 Problems 3.71, 73, 75, 77, 81, 83 11
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text:
I feel that this year I had a way more successful Christmas than last year. I had more money this year, which equals more Christmas presents for the man and family. Last year I was pretty much broke and wound up getting everyone $20 gift cards. By everyone, I mean Ben's mom, Ben's sister, and got my parents a gift card for Red Lobster. I had to go halves with Ben's mom on a PS3 for Ben, which wasn't an easy task. I wanted to put it on layaway so that I could make payments on it since my life revolves around making payments to everything, but the only store that offered layaway was K-mart, and they were permanently sold out of PS3s for eternity I guess. Eventually, I got one from Best Buy and all was good. I decided to get him the PS3 because he deserved it. He's taken me to countless nice dinners, on vacations, it was the least I could do.
This year was much better. I was able to get my parents gifts that I was genuinely proud of...mostly the 2 foot long Abbey Road street sign that I got my dad for his man cave. I went to great lengths to obtain that sign.
About a month back or so, 3 weeks, whatever, I ordered what I thought would be an 18", metal, road sign off of Amazon. I waited roughly 2 weeks for this and received it 3 days before Christmas. As those 2 weeks were passing, I kept pulling up after work waiting to see a elongated package waiting gleefully for me on the front porch, but I never saw it. Finally one day, I open the mail box and pull a 12" envelope out of the mailbox. It was flimsy and bendable and much to my dismay, when I opened it, I pulled out what looked to be an Abbey Road bumper sticker. I was livid. I stormed into the house, whipping the 'sign' about and having a tantrum. I just kept looking at it like it was magically going to grow into the sign I'd imagined, but alas, it did not. Then I just started laughing. I laughed for a good 9 minutes, just looking from the 'sign' to Ben, Ben to the 'sign'. Finally Ben says to me, "Why don't you just return it?" Of course, this thought did occur to me, but what's the point? So we hung it above our living room doorway. Our house is not the typical Pier 1 Imports decorative display, but rather a colorful little thing full of blues and oranges and Grateful Dead, John Lennon and Phish art work and posters hanging everywhere. We agreed upon moving that our house was to look more like a museum of music rather than a Martha Stuart 'Living' magazine cover. Screw that. It's our first house, we want it to be original.
So after making peace with the whole ordeal, I came to the disheartening conclusion that the only way out of it was to drive 40 minutes North to a hell hole called Orland Park, Illinois. Orland Park mall was the only mall in the tri-county area that had a store that sold the actual sign I was looking for. I hate Orland so much...that's why I decided that buying it off Amazon and paying extra for shipping and handling would be worth not having to drive there. I'm thinking this was more the reason behind my tantrum in the first place than the $14 dollars I spent on the thing. You'd think that $14 dollars would have been a good clue that I was being ripped off, but did I check? Nope, I'm an asshole. So, after work one day, I sucked it up and started on my journey to Orland. I had listened to a co-worker on how to get to Orland 'quicker', so I got off the exit she suggested. As soon as I get off the exit, I am stuck in dead stop traffic, and still roughly 20 minutes away from the mall. Immediately regretting my decision, the road rage starts to set in. Naturally, the whore in front of me wants to slam on her breaks as much as possible which is only increasing my hatred for Orland more and more. I finally turn onto the road the mall is on, and wouldn't ya know it, I get stuck in another bout of dead stop traffic. Finally, after nearly an hour (this trip should not have taken me more than 25 minutes), I arrive at the mall and start looking for a spot. As I suspected, there weren't any, so I found myself having to park at the veeerry end of the lot, literally 2 spots away from the road. So I practically jog inside as I'm trying my darnedest to get in and out of there as quickly as possible, and luckily the store I needed to go too was directly across the particular entrance of the hell hole I'd entered. I power walk furiously into the store, grab the sign, and get into the check out. As I'm exiting Hell, people are just mindlessly slamming into me like I'm not even there, emo kids are hanging out doing emo things, it was a mess. I think I had a mild panic attack trying to get out of there. Once I got outside, it occurred to me that my car was so far away that I risked being stabbed or mugged on the way back to my car, so started running...I must've looked like such an idiot, but I didn't care. I had gray sweatpants on, black boots that Ben calls my 'pirate boots' that kept bunching up at my ankles, a dirty white coat with fingertipless gloves. I'm pretty sure I probably looked like a bag lady who had just robbed someone and was on my way back to my bridge or shopping cart or whatever bag ladies live in. I let out a huge sigh of relief once I finally planted my ass back in my car. Just when I'm home free and attempting to exit the mall's enormous retarded lot, I accidentally wind up in the one exit that only goes one way, which of course, was the opposite way of where I had to go. Eventually I turned around and wound up in the Chick-Fil-A drive thru to pick up a bag of fried cholesterol for Ben and I for dinner. I don't get it people, what's the deal with this Chick-Fil-A hype? I had a deluxe chicken sandwich, which is a basic sandwich, they just added cheese, and it tasted no different to me than any other fast food chicken sandwich with cheese. The Polynesian sauce that everyone raves about is nothing more then Burger King's sweet and sour. Seriously. Try them both, prove me wrong.
By the way, once I got home, I took a picture to compare both signs...the top one is obviously the wrong one!
Until next time...