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Before Using Cannabidiol (CBD), Read this First
Cannabidiol (CBD), when derived from hemp, is a nationally accessible cannabinoid that can help bring balance to the body without getting you "high." At Hempsley, we believe CBD therapies can be an option for those living in prohibition states, and we want our readers to be well-informed on those benefits, as well as the potential effects CBD can have on other medications you may be using. Read on to learn more about how CBD works and safety precautions to consider when using this medicine in your wellness routine.
What are cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids are molecules that bind to receptors throughout the body and brain. Cannabinoids are subdivided into endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids.
Endocannabinoids are chemical messengers that our bodies create on demand to regulate stress, emotion, memory, movement, appetite and more.
Phytocannabinoids are chemical messengers created within the cannabis plant which can produce similar effects as endocannabinoids when consumed.
Synthetic cannabinoids are those that have been man-made, such as dronabinol, nabilone, dexanabinol, and more.
How do cannabinoids work?
While our bodies have been evolving with the endocannabinoid system for millions of years, we are just scratching the surface of understanding how these unique chemical messengers help keep us healthy. Unlike other neurotransmitters, which are stored and released within the body, endocannabinoids are produced on demand and then immediately used. They also work in surprising ways. While other neurotransmitters send information from the presynaptic vesicle of one cell to the postsynaptic vesicle of another, cannabinoids actually move backwards. They are created on demand and then travel from the postsynaptic vesicle of one cell back to the presynaptic vesicle of another, modulating the message that was just sent.
Research is proposing that certain conditions may be a result from endocannabinoid deficiency, meaning the body doesn't produce enough endocannabinoids on its own to regulate the constant messages that the nervous system is sending. Diseases that are potentially associated with endocannabinoid deficiency include epilepsy, migraines, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, fibromyalgia, and chronic pain. Individuals that are low on endocannabinoids may find relief from cannabinoid therapies.
In the most basic layman's terms, cannabinoids are powerful communicators in our bodies. Their ability to regulate messages on a neural level means they can have a vast impact on homeostasis, energy, stress, and immunity.
Two Key Endocannabinoids
In the endocannabinoid system, there are two key endocannabinoids that our body produces on its own, anandamide and 2-AG.
Anandamide borrows its name from the Sanskrit word ananda, which means joy, bliss, and delight. Nicknamed the "bliss molecule," anandamide could be a cannabinoid ally against depression and anxiety and has been shown to modulate mood, memory, appetite, fertility, and is even believed to halt the proliferation of cancer cells.
Aarachadonal glycerol (2-AG ) is the most abundant endocannabinoid in our bodies. It binds very strongly to the CB1 and CB2 receptors embedded throughout the central and peripheral nervous system, and it behaves similarly to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). 2-AG is believed to regulate sleep, immunity, pain, and appetite.
How CBD Works
CBD is a phytocannabinoid derived from the cannabis plant and is currently the only cannabinoid readily accessible in all 50 U.S. states. CBD's role within the body is just as unique. Unlike other cannabinoids, CBD does not bind to receptors in the endocannabinoid system. Instead, it stops the breakdown of our own endocannabinoids.
The main action it performs within the ECS is the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase or FAAH. FAAH breaks down the anandamide molecules naturally occuring in our body, and CBD works to prevent FAAH from destroying this bliss molecule.
In this way, CBD can work indirectly all throughout the body, ensuring that we have enough anandamide to manage our pain, mood, appetite, stress, and sleep. Since CBD does not bind directly to endocannabinoid receptors, like the other well-known phytocannabinoid THC, it does not produce the intoxicating, "high" effect often associated with cannabis.
Is CBD Safe?
CBD is like any other medication in that it is best to be as informed as possible before incorporating CBD into your wellness routine and to seek professional opinions first.
Many are finding that CBD can present a viable alternative to other pharmaceuticals. In a recent survey of scientific literature, CBD was found to have a better side effect profile than other drugs when treating epilepsy and psychotic disorders, with only minimally reported side effects like tiredness, diarrhea, and changes to weight and appetite. However, CBD can interact with other medications you are already taking. These interactions are not necessarily harmful, but CBD might alter the effects of these other medications.
For instance, if someone is taking clobazam, a prescription anticonvulsant, while also taking CBD, the two medicines will both be broken down in the liver and compete with each other. CBD will block the enzyme in the liver that breaks down clobazam therefore increasing clobazam levels.
CBD has also been shown in clinical trials to increase liver enzymes, which could indicate damage or inflammation to the liver. Individuals utilizing CBD should consider having their liver enzymes checked periodically.
Additionally, smoking any substance (cigarettes, cannabis, herbal blends) can reduce the effectiveness of certain medications. Smoking produces hydrocarbons, which we inadvertently consume and which alter our metabolization process. Hydrocarbons speed up the process of metabolization in the liver, meaning that medications are more broken down by the body and the effects are decreased. The hydrocarbons in smoke can negatively interact with certain antidepressants and antipsychotics, so always proceed with caution when smoking any substance.
Dr. Michael Barton, Clinical Pharmacist, has provided us with a list of medications that may interact with CBD. This list is not all inclusive and the clinical significance of most of the interactions has not been determined. This article would not have been possible without Dr. Barton's expertise and insight, and we extend so much gratitude for his knowledgeable help! He believes that every facility dispensing medical cannabis should employ an on-site pharmacist to help patients make sound decisions about using cannabis, and we urge our readers to seek professional opinions as well. If you think CBD could bring relief and balance to your well-being, please speak with a physician or pharmacist first.
Medications* That May Interact with CBD
List developed by Dr. Michael Barton, Clinical Pharmacist, using the resources listed below. (*Medications are listed by generic name)
Pro tip: If you are looking for a specific medication, use the keyboard shortcut Command/Control + F to search the medication on this page.
CBD products may contain alcohol. Metronidazole and disulfiram interact with alcohol and can cause nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing.
The following medications may increase CBD levels:
- amiodarone
- cimetidine
- clarithromycin
- diltiazem
- efavirenz
- erythromycin
- esomeprazole
- felbamate
- fluconazole
- fluoxetine
- fluvoxamine
- grapefruit juice
- indinavir
- isoniazid
- itraconazole
- ketoconazole
- lansoprazole
- metronidazole
- nefazodone
- nelfinavir
- omeprazole
- oral contraceptives
- pantoprazole
- paroxetine
- ritonavir
- suboxone
- sulfamethoxazole
- ticlopidine
- verapamil
- voriconazole
The following medications may decrease CBD levels:
- carbamazepine
- efavirenz
- nevirapine
- phenobarbital
- phenytoin
- pioglitazone
- rifabutin
- rifampin
- ritonavir
- St. John's Wort
CBD may increase levels of the following medications:
- alprazolam
- amitriptyline
- amlodipine
- aripiprazole
- atomoxetine
- atorvastatin
- boceprevir
- buspirone
- carbamazepine
- carisoprodol
- carvedilol
- celecoxib
- chlorpheniramine
- cisapride
- citalopram
- clarithromycin
- clobazam
- clomipramine
- clopidogrel
- codeine
- cyclophosphamide
- cyclosporine
- desipramine
- dextromethorphan
- diazepam
- diclofenac
- diltiazem
- doxepine
- duloxetine
- erythromycin
- eslicarbazepine
- esomeprazole
- felodipine
- flecainide
- fluoxetine
- fluvastatin
- glipizide
- glyburide
- haloperidol
- ibuprofen
- imatinib
- imipramine
- indinavir
- irbesartan
- labetalol
- lansoprazole
- losartan
- lovastatin
- metoprolol
- mexiletine
- midazolam
- naproxen
- nevirapine
- nifedipine
- nisoldipine
- nitrendipine
- omeprazole
- ondansetron
- oxycodone
- pantoprazole
- paroxetine
- phenobarbitone
- phenytoin
- pimozide
- piroxicam
- proguanil
- propafenone
- quinidine
- quinine
- risperidone
- ritonavir
- rosiglitazone
- rufinamide
- saquinavir
- sildenafil
- simvastatin
- sirolimus
- tacrolimus
- tadalafil
- tamoxifen
- telaprevir
- telithromycin
- thioridazine
- timolol
- tolbutamide
- topiramate
- torsemide
- tramadol
- trazodone
- triazolam
- valproic acid
- vardenafil
- venlafaxine
- verapamil
- vincristine
- voriconazole
- warfarin
- zafirlukast
- zonisamide
Smoking (CBD or otherwise) may decrease levels of the following medications:
- clozapine
- cyclobenzaprine
- duloxetine
- fluvoxamine
- haloperidol
- imipramine
- mexiletine
- nabumetone
- naproxen
- olanzapine
- tacrine
- theophylline
- tizanidine
- triamterene
- zileuton
- olmitriptan
This article was written by Kira G. — we are so grateful for all of her research and hard work to put this together for you!
Special thanks to Clinical Pharmacist Dr. Michael Barton for providing his insight on this topic and fact checking its accuracy. If you'd like to get in touch with Dr. Barton, you can send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com
This article was illustrated by Kristen Williams, Founder & CEO at Hempsley.
- Fisar, Zdenek. "Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids." Current Drug Abuse Reviews, vol. 2, no. 1, 2009, pp. 51–75.
- Frankeberger, Joshua. "Michael Barten Clinical Pharmacist Reviews Cannabis as a Medicine." YouTube, YouTube, 25 Apr. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1zifDibceo.
- Iffland, Kerstin, and Franjo Grotenhermen. "An Update on Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol: A Review of Clinical Data and Relevant Animal Studies." Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, vol. 2, no. 1, 2017, pp. 139–154.
- Maccarrone, M, and A Finazzi-Agrό. "The Endocannabinoid System, Anandamide and the Regulation of Mammalian Cell Apoptosis." Cell Death & Differentiation, vol. 10, no. 9, 2003, pp. 946–955.
- Sensi, Seshata. "What Is 2-AG?" Sensi Seeds Blog, 3 Apr. 2013, sensiseeds.com/en/blog/cannabinoid-science-101-what-is-2-ag/.
- Gaston TE, Bebin EM, Cutter GR, et al. Interactions between cannabidiol and commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia 2017;58:1586–1592.
- Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). "/clinpharm/ddis/clinical-table/" Accessed June 6, 2018.
- Stout SM, Cimino MN. Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev 2014;46:86-95.
- Yamaori S, Koeda K, Kushihara M, et al. Comparison of In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Major Phytocannabinoids and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contained in Marijuana Smoke on Cytochrome P450 2C9 Activity. Drug Metab Pharmacok 2012;3:294-300.
This article was published on July 16, 2018. Copyright © 2018 Hempsley, All Rights Reserved


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Category: Independently-submitted research
In its latest e-mail poll (carried out in conjunction with the Sunday Times) the Shadow Monetary Policy Committee (SMPC) voted unambiguously to leave Britains Bank Rate unaltered at ½% on Thursday 9th April. All nine members of the shadow committee, which is run in association with the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), thought that UK Bank Rate was now at its effective lower limit.
However, there was no immediate case for a rate increase in the SMPCs view, as long as the international and domestic economies were as weak as they were at present. The SMPC believed that the quantitative easing measures announced in the 18th March Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) Minutes were now the important monetary initiative.
The IEAs shadow committee had advocated quantitative easing for several months before the UK authorities adopted this approach. However, the SMPC has consistently argued that the adoption of quantitative easing is a major decision that could engender serious collateral damage in the wrong circumstances.
One member even suggested that quantitative easing was the monetary-policy equivalent of deciding to employ a tactical nuclear weapon, in its scope for unintended adverse consequences. There was unanimity that the unconventional measures taken to increase monetary growth needed to be rapidly unwound, once they had done their work, to avoid a longer-term inflation problem.
The SMPC also expressed concern, ahead of the 22nd April Budget, that Britain was facing the worst run of fiscal deficits in its peacetime history. These would probably crowd out private activity in the short term and risked being monetised, in the longer run, leading to accelerating inflation.
Comment by Tim Congdon
(Founder Lombard Street Research)
Vote: Hold
Bias: Neutral
Mortgage approvals in January were £9.1bn, slightly up on Decembers £8.9bn. The stock of mortgage lending has been virtually flat in recent months and that seems a reasonable prognosis for the immediate future. By contrast, banks unused credit facilities plunged in January when they were 11% down on a year earlier. The verdict has to be that for the next few months bank lending to the genuine private sector (i.e., excluding intermediate Other Financial Corporations (OFCs)) will be unchanged or down slightly.
However, the £75bn of gilt buybacks over three months implies a positive impact on M4 growth from this source of over 1% a month and perhaps as much as 1½% a month. The arithmetic is as follows. The stock of M4 broad money is roughly £1,750bn, if intermediate OFCs are cut out. If £25bn a month is bought from non-banks and there are no leakages, the extra M4 because of the gilt buybacks is getting on for 1½% a month. But there will be some leakages, because of for example some of the buybacks being from banks and the overseas sector.
As broad money growth of about 1% to 1½% a month looks about right to me in current circumstances (as ever, cutting out intermediate OFCs), my basic stance is no change. It will be interesting to see whether the corporate liquidity ratio (i.e., M4 money held by companies divided by their M4 borrowings) does recover, as I proposed in my Council for the Study of Financial Innovation (CSFI) pamphlet How to Stop the Recession. In qualification, the Bank of England and the Debt Management Office (DMO) really ought to coordinate quantitative easing with the DMOs debt management strategy, if strategy it be. It is idiotic for the DMO to be selling a 2049 gilt issue (which will take money out of the non-bank private sector) at the same time that the Bank is buying gilts to increase the non-bank private sectors bank deposits.
Comment by Andrew Lilico
(Europe Economics)
Vote: Hold
Bias: To hold
Interest rates are lower than necessary or appropriate at this point. But it would not be sensible to raise them at this stage. The focus now must be on quantitative easing measures and on the management of expectations. The outlook for the real economy continues to darken. Although the financial sector may at last be stabilising - and it really ought to stabilise, given the huge sums of taxpayer support provided, irrespective of whether that support was appropriate or well-directed - there have been many false dawns so far in the financial crisis and this may yet be another.
The reality where Britains real economy is concerned appear to me to be this. There will be contraction in GDP for the first three quarters of 2009. Then there will be either one or two quarters of tepid growth, largely as a lagged effect from interest rate cuts and fiscal loosening. But this growth will not be sustainable and will not be sustained, for three reasons:
Firstly, fundamental real imbalances will not have fully corrected themselves. The clearest of these will be house prices, which will continue to fall at about 15% per year through 2010 and perhaps into the first part of 2011. Only once house prices have come close to their nadir will sustainable growth be possible.
Second, there is currently a significant contraction in adjusted broad money. The annual rate of growth reported in the February inflation report was down to 3.8%, implying aggressive monthly contractions. Quantitative easing should eventually succeed in restoring some broad money growth, but even then the effect is likely to be deflationary. Current contraction will feed through into a negative real economy impact from mid-2010, and there is also now considerable uncertainty over the medium-term outlook for inflation, will all scenarios from significant deflation to double-figure inflation being plausible. This increases the inflation outlook risk, to add to the monetary contraction challenge.
Finally, the Pre-Budget Report path for public expenditure would imply, on a recession only as bad as the early 1980s, public spending exceeding 50% of GDP in 2010-11. I hope and believe that politicians will face up to the implications of this soon, and that by early 2010 we will be seeing very significant fiscal tightening - with a short-term negative impact on growth. I thus anticipate a second dip of recession from the latter part of 2010 into the first part of 2011.
In the meantime, it would be useful to introduce a five-year average inflation (price-level) target, specifying an average annual inflation rate over the period of 3% to better manage the process of quantitative easing (which looks to me to be at about the right scale for now). Quantitative easing is subject to great uncertainty over the volume and timescale of its effects, and I believe that a price-level target would be much more appropriate in this scenario than an annual inflation target, allowing better expectations formation and a clearer exit strategy from the deflationary episode now underway.
Comment by Ruth Lea
(Arbuthnot Banking Group)
Vote: Hold
Bias: To hold
The Bank of England Governor Mervyn Kings latest appearance at the Treasury Select Committee (24th March 2009) elicited a great deal of comment in the media. The focus was on his gnomic, but nevertheless quite unambiguous statement, that the public finances were in such a parlous state that further discretionary public spending was unwise. Given how big these [public sector] deficits are, he said, I think it would be sensible to be cautious about going further in using discretionary measures to expand the size of those deficits. Few surely, except for the man in Number 10 Downing Street who is wholly responsible for the wreckage of our public finances, would disagree. But we will have to wait until Budget Day, on 22nd April, to see if Mr Kings wise words have been heeded.
But it was another of Mr Kings comments that spooked the gilt-edged market. And that was that the Bank of England might not buy as much as £75bn of securities under the Asset Purchase Facility as initially announced. His explanation was not altogether convincing. He gave the impression that the Bank might buy close to £75bn in three months so that we would then be able to see the impact of that. But monetary policy does not act with such a short lag. Indeed Mr King was at pains to explain to the Committee that monetary policy acts with considerable lags.
It may have been that the Bank, mindful of the worse than expected inflation numbers released on 24th March, is beginning to fret about inflation, despite collapsing demand. Rather than facing deflation the economy may be facing stagflation or worse. (There is in any case a great deal of confusion between deflation in the sense of consistently falling prices and a negative change in year-on-year RPI, which is distorted by the dramatically falling interest rates.) But given the parlous state of the real economy and the disastrous state of the public finances, the Bank really has only one choice in my view. And that is to press ahead vigorously with quantitative easing and keep interest rates low. But there is absolutely no point in cutting the Bank Rate further. In my view the last one was quite unnecessary.
Comment by Kent Matthews
(Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University)
Vote: Hold
Bias: Neutral
There is something very odd about one arm of government conducting an expansionary fiscal policy and financing it by selling government bonds to the non-bank public and another arm of the same government buying bonds from the non-bank public with a view to monetizing the existing stock of government debt. The belief that massively expansionary fiscal policy can somehow drag the economy out of recession is an illusion based on the mistaken view that the New Deal helped pull the US economy out of the Great Depression. Nothing could be further from the truth. In research conducted by Dan Benjamin and myself (Benjamin D and Matthews K, US and UK Unemployment between the Wars: a Doleful Story, Hobart Paperback 31, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1992) we found that the New Deal policy crowded out private sector jobs (for every ten jobs created by the New Deal, nine were lost from the private sector) and helped explain why unemployment remained stubbornly even by the end of the 1930s.
The current crisis cannot be solved by massive fiscal expansion. History has shown that expansion of the government sector has irreversible effects in terms of over-regulation, productivity and low growth. The central banks of the developed world took their collective eyes off the monetary ball through their fixation with inflation targeting. In theory inflation targeting would produce the same outcome as monetary targeting provided all markets including the traded sector worked properly. While goods price inflation remained low (partly because of the export policy of dollar zone economies), asset prices told a different story. An over-leveraged non-bank private sector is unlikely to expand demand even at zero interest rates unless there is even stronger quantitative easing. Bank rate should be held at its present ½% and the monetary authorities should persevere with their quantitative easing policy.
Comment by Gordon Pepper
(Lombard Street Research and Cass Business School)
Vote: Hold
Bias: To hold but the Bank must publish better statistics so that the effects of quantitative easing can be assessed
The Bank of England has at last adopted direct quantitative measures to boost the money supply. I have argued repeatedly in the past that in an atmosphere of financial crisis an economy can be flooded with bank reserves and money without inflation rising because banks do not have the confidence to use reserves and neither companies nor households have the confidence to spend the money but as soon as confidence returns bank reserves and the excess money in the economy must be mopped up to prevent inflation from rising. It is now vital to monitor what is happening to the money supply to ascertain whether the boost to it is inadequate, about right or excessive. There are two current problems with the data.
The first is distortions. M4 consists of money held by the private sector excluding inter-bank deposits. Transactions that are in effect within banking groups, that is, the deposits of what are now called intermediate other financial corporations should also be excluded but they are not. More precisely, the private sector consists of households, private non-financial corporations and other financial corporations. The last can be divided into traditional non-banks, such as life assurance companies and pension funds, and the intermediate other financial corporations. (In even more detail, the last category covers Special Purpose Vehicles, transfers between bank holding companies and their banking subsidiaries and Central Clearing Counterparties.) An adjustment should be made for all this and it is one that is most significant. According to the Banks latest Inflation Report in the fourth quarter of 2008 after making the adjustment M4s percentage change on a year earlier was under 4% compared with over 15% for the unadjusted series. Quarterly data for the adjusted series are inadequate. The Bank is believed to have monthly estimates and should publish them.
Secondly, monthly data for the so called counterparts of M4 (to be precise, the alternative presentation ones) ceased to be published last September. Before then the causes of monetary growth could be ascertained, for example, the contributions of the budget deficit and the amount of gilts sold to the non-bank private sector by the Debt Management Office. The explanations advanced for stopping publication are cost cutting and the transfer of Northern Rock, etc., from the banking to the public sector. These are trivial explanations compared with the importance of knowing how the banking bail outs by the government are being financed. The counterparts should again be published.
Comment by Peter Spencer
(University of York)
Vote: Hold
Bias: Boldly pursue quantitative easing
At the March meeting the MPC voted unanimously to cut interest rates by ½% and commence £75bn worth of quantitative easing. Its plan to structure gilt purchases in the five to twenty-five year maturity range is clever since this makes it likely that it will purchase gilts from non-banks rather than banks. This will increase the money supply directly: to the extent that the Bank buys gilts from banks the policy would only be effective if banks lent out the new money. This is the textbook response, but seems unlikely in the current climate. This quantitative easing strategy is more akin to underfunding than the quantitative easing strategy followed by Japan in the last decade. It seems to have been very effective, gilt and corporate bond yields have fallen back nicely since the MPCs meeting. No wonder it is being emulated by the Federal Reserve.
The latest readout on the public finances confirms my long-held view that there is no room for manoeuvre on fiscal policy. The automatic stabilisers are working through with a vengeance given the high tax elasticity of financial sector output. The Prime Ministers G20 ambitions must be brought down to earth large European countries like Germany have shunned additional discretionary packages and some smaller countries like Ireland are already moving towards a discretionary tightening.
In this situation, it is vital that monetary policy supports the economy, with quantitative easing now the only option. The Bank needs to follow this policy through boldly to maintain the underlying growth of the money supply. Interest rates should be kept at or near their present level until the green shoots begin to appear. The latest inflation figures suggest that the fall in the pound over the last eighteen months should keep the deflationary dogs from the door, but that threat remains as long as the economy remains mired in recession.
Comment by David B Smith
(University of Derby and Beacon Economic Forecasting)
Vote: Hold
Bias: Neutral in short term, but to tighten before the year end
When viewed from a short-term fire-fighting perspective, UK monetary policy is now arguably if belatedly operating on the right lines. The Bank of England have given up any pretence that the peashooter of marginal changes in Bank Rate is an effective weapon against the massed Panzers of the global financial meltdown and have instead chosen to employ the tactical nuclear weapon of quantitative easing. However, employing the nuclear option involves a serious risk of unintended collateral damage to ones own side, even if it does achieve the immediate tactical objective of stabilising the economy in the very short run. Independent commentators also face the dilemma that there is an observational equivalence between two competing explanations of the current fiscal and monetary stance in the UK.
The first, political-economy, explanation is that a desperate government is doing all that it can to hold the economic show on the road until a putative May 2010 general election. The huge fiscal deficits that have resulted have been justified using crude Keynesian arguments but this is seen as just window dressing. Instead, the government is considered to be using large deficits to buy as many votes as possible in the short-term while leaving a fiscal train smash for the next government to inherit and future generations of taxpayers to finance. This political-economy analysis would then imply that the UK monetary authorities have become complicit in this endeavour by recklessly pumping money into the economy to stimulate demand over the next year or so, while ignoring the longer-term inflation risks. The fall of almost 19% in the sterling index over the past year suggests that some overseas investors are now taking this view. One danger associated with quantitative easing is that overseas holders of gilt-edged securities take advantage of the artificially high price of gilts to sell their sterling bonds at a profit before whipping their money out of the country. Under these circumstances, quantitative easing could unintentionally end up financing a run on the pound.
The second, more conventional, explanation is that the world economy is genuinely facing an adverse economic situation as bad as the early 1930s, and that extreme fiscal and monetary measures are required and have been boldly implemented to restore the situation. There is clearly some support for this view, and there are certainly similarities between the current UK monetary stance and the Bank of Englands very successful monetary decisions in the early 1930s, which meant that the contraction in UK national output was noticeably less than in other major countries, and was followed by a strong rebound from 1933 onwards. However, fiscal policy was much tighter in the inter-war period, and the state was spending a smaller proportion of national output, optimising the conditions for monetary policy to be effective. This is unlike the current situation where the UK is likely to experience the longest and largest run of budget deficits in its post-war history and general-government expenditure is likely to approach 55% of the factor-cost measure of national output, compared with the 28½% or so recorded when Keynes wrote his General Theory. The UK private sector will almost certainly suffer severe financial crowding out from the government deficit. In addition, high rates of tax - and the prospect of further rises therein - are likely to reduce both the level and the growth of aggregate supply. Aggressively pumping nominal demand into an increasingly supply-constrained economy is a recipe for stagflation not recovery.
One would feel happier about the current UK monetary stance if it was easier for independent observers to monitor what was going on. Unfortunately, the Bank of England decided, at what seems to have been the worst possible moment, to suspend publication of the long-established table setting out the links between the budget deficit, funding policy, and M4 broad money growth (see: Bank of England Bankstats Table A3.2). At the same time, the Bank is emphasising an unpublished broad money series for M4 less the deposits of other financial corporations, which is not properly in the public domain. The published M4 broad money definition was 18.7% up on the year in February. However, its retail M2 component rose by a more modest 4.3%, while wholesale deposits went up by 44.3% over the same period. Stripping OFC deposits out of total M4 would appear to reduce its annual growth rate to 2.8%, on the assumption that the levels series are consistently measured over this period. In principle, it is not difficult to check whether OFC deposits should be included in the M4 broad money supply by estimating a demand for money equation for total M4 that includes the usual variables - such as income, the rate of interest paid on deposits, the bond yield and inflation but also includes the stock of OFC deposits. If the coefficient on OFC deposits turned out to be unity, this would justify their total exclusion, while a coefficient between zero and unity would justify their partial exclusion, and one of zero would suggest that they should be included. There was a large literature dealing with the statistical analysis of such definitional questions in the 1960s and 1970s. It is surprising that the Bank of England has not published such a study or the data required for others to do it given that the main justification for adopting such a potentially dangerous policy as quantitative easing at a time of unprecedented budget deficits is to stop the M4 less OFC deposit definition from collapsing.
As far as the setting of Bank rate on 9th April is concerned, this has become a near trivial issue and is likely to remain so for the next few months. Practically, Bank Rate cannot go any lower; there are some modest early signs of recovery but the private sector remains very weak; and the monetary action in the short-term clearly lies with quantitative easing or open-market operations as they were traditionally known. However, it is clearly unsatisfactory to have the Debt Management Office and the Bank both operating in the gilt-edged market but with different objectives. Serious thought should now be given to returning the responsibility for the sterling bond market to the Bank of England. This was a responsibility that the Bank had discharged from 1694 until the disastrous tri-partite dismemberment of the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street by Gordon the Ripper in 1997. The extent to which the UK and international contractions appear to have been driven by de-stocking, which is an inherently finite process, suggests that the upturn could prove to be embarrassingly rapid once the economy does start to recover. A clearly spelled out exit strategy from the present quantitative easing should be published around the time of the 22nd April Budget, and monetary policy should probably start being tightened in the autumn of this year. If this does not happen, political-economy considerations will probably have triumphed over sound monetary management.
Comment by Peter Warburton
(Economic Perspectives Ltd)
Vote: Hold
Bias: To increase Bank Rate to 2% before the end of the year
The formal adoption of quantitative easing by the UK authorities on 5th March has transformed the outlook for the nominal economy. While there is still a great deal of concern over a deflationary outlook, the successful implementation of the Asset Purchase Programme (APP) should quickly lay such fears to rest. The major positive for the economy should be the normalisation of the flow of credit to the corporate sector for inventory management purposes. The restoration of production schedules to subdued, rather than desperate, levels should lessen the need for drastic employment reductions and should contribute to a near-term bounce in industrial activity. The major negative will be the early return of inflationary pressures emerging from the rebuilding of the supply chain and in the context of the sizeable depreciation of sterling in the past year.
The advantage of a gilt purchase programme is the speed with which it can be implemented. Spencer Dale, the Banks chief economist, announced in a speech on 27th March that the Bank has already purchased £13bn of gilts from investors. Since the MPCs announcement, gilt yields have fallen by around 50 basis points at the horizons which the bank is making purchases. However, the impact of the UKs first undersubscribed gilt auction since 1995 has damaged the perception that quantitative easing will have a lasting beneficial impact on gilt yields.
National accounts data released on 27th March confirmed that Gross Domestic Product at market prices fell by 1.5% in the second half of 2008 and Gross National Income dropped by 3.2% in the same period. Having taken the difficult decision to abandon caution and throw full weight behind an anti-deflation strategy, it will be important to keep the momentum going over the next six months or so. This will almost certainly involve the doubling-up of the APP to £150bn and possibly a larger target. An important argument for shock-and-awe tactics is the unknown requirement of Other Financial Corporations (OFCs) for replacement funding.
OFCs have an urgent need to replace international and foreign currency funding sources with domestic sterling sources and will require increasing access to loans from UK monetary financial institutions (MFIs). The forced repatriation of OFCs international funding has absorbed the lions share of MFIs lending capacity since the crisis erupted in August 2007. The Bank of Englands APP should be expanded, extended and refocused to recognise this reality. Otherwise, there is a danger that the banks will use up their additional lending capacity with OFC loans rather than supporting real economic activity by lending to private non-financial corporations and unincorporated businesses.
The primary mechanism for revitalising aggregate nominal spending in the economy is the provision of a significant quantitative boost to the broad money supply (M4). Bank of England hopes that small scale interventions will improve market functioning via a demonstration effect are likely to be disappointed. One of the side effects of cutting Bank Rate from 5% to ½% has been to decimate the effect of interest accumulations on bank deposits. The quantitative expansion of the money supply will need to compensate for the loss of interest credited as a source of new bank deposits.
National accounts data reveal a £4.2bn decline in inventories for the fourth quarter of last year. Manufacturing industries were responsible for destocking of £1.5bn in 2008 Q4 following £0.6bn in Q3. The retail sector shed £1.15bn in 2008 Q4 and other industries, £2.18bn. The sharpness of these declines indicates that production and distribution activity has been pitched well below the level of current sales. The prospect of a relatively short and severe episode of inventory liquidation raises hopes of a partial improvement in economic activity during the second half of 2009, but also an early rebound in inflation.
Inflation figures for February delivered a wake-up call to those of a deflationary persuasion. Headline CPI inflation the basis of the formal inflation target was expected by the forecasting consensus to moderate from 3% in January to 2.6% in February, but it rose instead to 3.2%, forcing another Dear Alistair letter from the governor of the Bank of England. The tabloids were primed with their deflation banner headlines as the RPI inflation rate was tipped to fall from 0.1% to -0.7% under the weight of falling mortgage interest payments. It fell, but only to a zero rate. To add to the Shock, horror, annual inflation rates rose in almost every category of spending on goods and services provided in the context of domestic competitive markets. Household food inflation rose from 9.9% to 11.3%; household goods from 4.2% to 5.0%; household services from 1.5% to 2.1%; personal goods and services from 2.5% to 3.2%; catering from 3.6% to 3.9%. Deflation in clothing and footwear lessened from 7.1% to 6.4% and in motoring expenditures (ex-petrol and oil), from 6.1% to 5.4%. There may well be some softer inflation data over the next six months, but under the cover of a favourable base for the annual comparison, underlying inflationary pressures are building.
If the Bank of Englands MPC is taking the inflation target seriously, then the reign of ½% Bank Rate should be extremely brief. Within three months, it should be clear that the deflationary emergency is over and that a restoration of Bank Rate to around 2% should be accomplished before the end of the year. My vote is to hold interest rates at their present level, but to plot a course for an increase back to 2% by December.
Comment by Trevor Williams
(Lloyds TSB Corporate Markets)
Vote: Hold
Bias: Neutral, until economy shows signs of sustained recovery, then tighten
The UK economy is continuing to weaken sharply, and the global backdrop is deteriorating equally rapidly. The trough of the global and UK economic downturns is still some way off. Meanwhile, the financial market crisis continues to rumble on, with the latest efforts to stabilise credit markets not yet showing consistently positive outcomes and financial markets still exhibiting extreme volatility. Efforts to take the bad debts or toxic assets - off financial firms balance sheets have become more robust recently, though they have not yet resulted in any near term resolution of the crisis. However, this crisis is one that does not have a single magical solution otherwise it would have implemented already. The crisis was also a long time in the making and the solution will take time. It does rather look as if the solution will involve a range of initiatives pulling in the same direction.
With this economic background, quantitative easing is an option the authorities had little choice but to embark upon. The amounts being spent are certainly sizeable enough to give them a chance of success, that is, to boost M4 money supply growth so as to provide enough liquidity in the economy to mitigate corporate and household bankruptcy and to help improve liquidity for those that have the appetite to borrow and to lend. It has already brought gilt yields lower, but household savings rates are rising, up to 4.8% in 2008 Q4 from 1.7% in the quarter before. Companies have also put more aside, with the net financial balance rising to £8bn in 2008 Q4 from £5.9bn in Q3, as they cut costs via lower inventories, output and employment and slower growth in pay.
The £100bn to be spent on purchasing gilts is some one-third of the stock of conventional gilts. The £150bn total of quantitative easing, of which £50bn is earmarked to purchase commercial bills, is 9.6% of last years gross domestic product in the UK, which was £1.44 trillion. It also accounts for 7.5% of total M4 outstanding at end-January 2009, which was just under £2 trillion. Will this amount of monetary injection be enough? Time will tell.
The Bank of England is now in new territory, with a zero interest rate policy and quantitative easing in place as its reaction to the financial and economic crisis that is in full swing. It may have to spend more on quantitative easing than it has so far, although it is still too early to say if it will have to. But the Bank has said, quite rightly, that it is ready to spend more. However, the proviso for all this is that it will have to reverse the interest rate cuts and quantitative easing once a sustainable economic recovery is underway, in a manner that does not undermine recovery but squashes future inflation. On current trends, however, this point does not look like it will be next year, with no return to 2% plus trend rates of growth until second half 2011 at the earliest. In the near term, monetary policy will remain very loose.
What is the SMPC?
The Shadow Monetary Policy Committee (SMPC) is a group of independent economists drawn from academia, the City and elsewhere, which meets physically for two hours once a quarter at the Institute for Economic Affairs (IEA) in Westminster, to discuss the state of the international and British economies, monitor the Bank of Englands interest rate decisions, and to make rate recommendations of its own. The inaugural meeting of the SMPC was held in July 1997, and the Committee has met regularly since then. The present note summarises the results of the latest monthly poll, conducted by the SMPC in conjunction with the Sunday Times newspaper.
SMPC membership
The Secretary of the SMPC is Kent Matthews of Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, and its Chairman is David B Smith (University of Derby and Beacon Economic Forecasting). Other current members of the Committee include: Roger Bootle (Deloitte and Capital Economics Ltd), Tim Congdon (Founder, Lombard Street Research), John Greenwood (Invesco Asset Management), Ruth Lea (Arbuthnot Banking Group), Andrew Lilico (Europe Economics), Patrick Minford (Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University), Gordon Pepper (Lombard Street Research and Cass Business School), Peter Spencer (University of York), Peter Warburton (Economic Perspectives Ltd), Mike Wickens (University of York and Cardiff Business School) and Trevor Williams (Lloyds TSB Corporate Markets). Philip Booth (Cass Business School and IEA) is technically a non-voting IEA observer but is awarded a vote on occasion to ensure that nine votes are cast.


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Should The Government Be Capping The Pay Of Financial Executives?
By Marta Jensen
Previously due to strict regulations and less opportunities for making profits manager incentives had limited upsides. But in today's deregulated and competitive environment financial executives are paid mainly on how they have performed compared to certain benchmark; it's not measured in absolute terms. Mostly this benchmark is peer performance or a particular index which they trade or track. Like a fund manager's performance that is trading over S&P 500 would be measured on how he/the portfolio has performed compared to the S&P 500.
What investors are majorly looking is how has a manager outperformed the benchmark (i.e. alpha) or his peers and that's how he gets the payment; the more the alpha the more he gets paid. When we look at other industries a financial manager's major aim is to increase the shareholder's wealth. The more the wealth creation the more is the pay of the executive. Also if the investors are dissatisfied they would take their money somewhere else, ending the job of the manager.
Since compensation is related to returns, there is less downside and more upside in generating returns, implying there is rewards for positive returns which exceed the penalties for negative returns. For example we look at the hedge fund payment structure. If hedge funds payment to their managers is seen they have a 'high water mark' clause which implies that suppose in year 1 the return is 110% the manager would get paid for the 10% earnings, the next year its 125% so he will get paid for increasing the return by 15%. But then in the third year the return falls to 105% that particular year the manager gets no payment in fact he won't be paid till the return crosses 125% as that's the highest return he has achieved till date.
This situation creates a moral hazard as the financial executives think about increasing the wealth or their firm or the investors or shareholders and thus their wealth also but forget about risks that they would be exposing the firm to and apart from their firms the other firms, the whole industry, and economy as a whole.
Thus we see that managers are induced to take higher risks so that they can earn more. This has bought about a few practices by the managers which results in taking excessive risks. A couple of those would be hidden tail risk and herding behavior.
Hidden tail risk usually yields positive returns. However, this risk also carries a possibility of huge negative returns. For example, guarantee selling by the insurance companies against defaulting companies in the credit derivatives market. IN normal times the insurance companies make profits by collecting the premiums from the guarantee buyers. But if the company defaults, the guarantor is obliged to pay out a hefty amount. Hidden tail risks are not only unobservable to the investors but they are typically not included in the comparison benchmark. Thus the manager will be able to earn higher returns which would distinguish a manager from both his peers as well as the benchmark, leading to higher rewards in compensation. Also another advantage for the managers is that the high returns so generated could last for long period of time before showing their true colors in the event of a high negative outcome.
Herding occurs when a manger follows the trend and adopts the similar investment strategies as their peer group. Herding drives assets prices away from their fundamentals and the odds of succeeding by going against the massive trend is slight. There is a relatively limited time horizon to reverse any relative negative trend so there is a higher possibility of losing investors if the returns drift in the wrong direction. Herding provides a manager insurance that he would not underperform the benchmark. For example, the investment manager may buy a single stock from a major index, such as S&P 500, that moves in the same direction as that of the index, but with less volatility than other similar stocks in the index. While realizing that the stock may be overvalued, the investment manager's herding behavior follows the logic that his performance will not be worse than the benchmark if in fact the index heads downwards.
Thus the subprime crisis was result of such managers' behaviors where they failed to understand where risks were and how much risk should be sufficient in the drive to earn higher returns. Most managers were just making loans to the borrowers, especially the NINJA loans with thinking about the future as to whether these loans would be paid up or not, and they did not care much as these loans were securitized so the bank would not have bear the brunt but some investor who had made the investment would. Also there was immense financial engineering just to increase the rewards for them.
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MLA Style Citation:
Jensen, Marta "Should The Government Be Capping The Pay Of Financial Executives?." Should The Government Be Capping The Pay Of Financial Executives?. 27 Jun. 2010. uberarticles.com. 17 Feb 2016 <http://uberarticles.com/miscellaneous/should-the-government-be-capping-the-pay-of-financial-executives/>.
APA Style Citation:
Jensen, M (2010, June 27). Should The Government Be Capping The Pay Of Financial Executives?. Retrieved February 17, 2016, from http://uberarticles.com/miscellaneous/should-the-government-be-capping-the-pay-of-financial-executives/
Chicago Style Citation:
Jensen, Marta "Should The Government Be Capping The Pay Of Financial Executives?" uberarticles.com. http://uberarticles.com/miscellaneous/should-the-government-be-capping-the-pay-of-financial-executives/
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"In recognition of exemplary service to the Metal Mining Society, CIM, the Canadian mining industry, education and the local community."
Carol Plummer is general manager, Kittilä Division, Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited. She has been with Agnico-Eagle since October 2004 when she was appointed project manager for the feasibility study on the LaRonde II ore deposit. In May 2005, she became mine superintendent for the LaRonde Division before being transferred to the Lapa project as mine manager in October 2006. In September 2008, Carol was promoted to general manager at Agnico-Eagle's Kittilä Mine in northern Finland. Prior to joining Agnico, Carol worked for Noranda Inc. for 16 years in various positions at several mines, including underground supervisor, planning engineer, chief engineer and mine superintendent.
Carol graduated from Queen's University in 1988 with a B.Sc. (Honours) in mining engineering. She was a member of SOREDEM, the R&D committee of the Quebec Mining Association, from 2002 until 2009 and was the 2005-2007 president. A CIM member since 1986, Carol has held several positions on the Metal Mining Society's executive committee, most notably as chair in 2004-2005. She was actively involved with CIM's MEMO 2008 conference as co-chair of the organizing committee.
"For his exceptional contributions to CIM and to the sustainability of Canadian contracting companies related to the mining industry."
Roy Slack is a professional engineer who graduated from Queen's University in Kingston in 1982 with a degree in mining engineering. Since graduation, he has been involved in mine construction and engineering projects throughout Canada and the world.
In late 1998, he began Cementation's operations in North America. Cementation is an underground hardrock mine contracting and engineering firm that builds new mines and expands existing mines for mine owners. Today, Cementation is one of the largest underground mine contractors in North America. The company has been recognized as one of the top 100 employers in Canada for the last three years running by MediaCorp and Macleans magazine. Cementation has also been recognized as one of the Financial Post's 2009 ten best companies to work for.
Slack is a long-standing CIM member and chairman of the CIM Northern Gateway Branch. He has been a signing authority for the Ontario Common Core program since 1990. He has been actively involved in a number of safety organizations, including as a director of the Ontario Mine Contractor's Safety Association, MASHA Technical Advisory Committees, chair of the Shaft Sinking Regulations Review Committee, and is currently a member of the CEO Health & Safety Leadership Charter. In the fall of 2008, Slack was awarded the Engineer's Medal for Entrepreneurship by the Professional Engineers of Ontario.
"In recognition of outstanding service to the mining industry in mine management and consulting, and to the CIM branches, committees and societies, especially as past chair of the Metal Mining Society."
Graham Clow is managing director of the Scott Wilson Mining Group. As a senior mining consultant with more than 33 years experience, he is responsible for all aspects of the company's worldwide mining consulting practice.
Prior to joining Scott Wilson, Graham held progressive positions from shift boss to the senior executive level, including CEO and operating responsibility for several publicly listed mining companies. His experience includes financing, development, and management of open pit and underground mines on three continents, start ups, preparation and implementation of feasibility studies, mergers and acquisitions, due diligence, troubleshooting, and management consulting for mines.
Graham is a past chairman of the Metal Mining Society of CIM and was a member of the Committee on Ore Reserve Definitions. Over the years, he has been a member of CIM Branch Executives in Pine Point, Baffin Island, and Toronto. He currently chairs the Committee on Production Cost Reporting Standards, a joint effort of CIM and the Canadian Securities Administrators. He is an adjunct professor at the Lassonde Mineral Institute, University of Toronto, where he Lectures on resource and reserve estimation.
He has a B.Sc. in mining engineering and a B.Sc. in geology from Queen's University. In 1994, Graham was awarded the Medal of Bravery for his work in the rescue and recovery operation following the Westray mine disaster.
Copyright 2011 - Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. All Rights Reserved


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This is the prank order for my version of The cat house
Chloe - Gets trapped in a fold-in bed.
Sawyer - Gets stuck in gelatin.
Blissa - Gets stuck to the motel sign.
Cat yzma - Gets sprayed on by a skunk.
Treasure - Falls into a room full of rhubarb pies, causing her face to swell up due to being allergic to rhubarb.
Mittens - Vanzilla's airbags puff up, making her lose one of her eyebrows.
Duchess - Gets trapped under a pile of dirty laundry.
Angora - Gets bleach dumped onto her, turning her entire complexion white.
Pussyfoot - Gets swapped with a monkey.
Rouge - Gets attacked by the monkey that took Pussyfoot's place.
But Thomas o' mally and Thunder are the only remaining family members so they had to do one thing to finish off Unikitty.
The big final prank goes onto Unikitty where she gets stuck to the motel sign, then gets a pie to the face, falls onto a fold-in bed that flings her into a bin of dirty laundry, gets launched into gelatin, gets sprayed on by a skunk, and floats up into the air by Treasure's and Cat yzma's inflatable hazmat suit.


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Reveal the full potential in every student with powerful explorations and rich mathematical discourse.
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The latest in adaptive instruction, gamification, and digital project-based learning.
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Develop math skills through explicit, systematic instruction with Connecting Math Concepts and more.
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The author team of Dave Sobecki and Allan Bluman created an engaging text and digital program aimed at meeting the needs of today's liberal arts math students, resulting in the third edition of Math in Our World. This revision focused on further development of critical thinking skills through several hundred revised exercises and examples, still presented within the hallmark style of the Math in Our World program. Carefully chosen questions help students to form a connection between relevant examples and the mathematical concepts of the chapter. Using the engaging writing style characteristic of the text, the authors support concepts through abundant examples, helpful practice problems, and rich exercise sets. The author team was also deeply engaged in the development of the Connect and LearnSmart online content to help ensure a consistent experience for students regardless of medium. The result is an exceptionally engaging program that is able to both effectively and creatively convey the fundamental concepts of a liberal arts math curriculum to even the most hesitant student.
David Sobecki
I was born and raised in Cleveland, and started college at Bowling Green State University in 1984 majoring in creative writing. Eleven years later, I walked across the graduation stage to receive a PhD in math, a strange journey indeed. After two years at Franklin and Marshall College in Pennsylvania, I came home to Ohio, accepting a tenure-track job at the Hamilton campus of Miami University. I've won a number of teaching awards in my career, and while maintaining an active teaching schedule, I now spend an inordinate amount of time writing textbooks and course materials. I've written or co-authored either seven or twelve textbooks, depending on how you count them, as well as several solutions manuals and interactive CD-ROMS.
After many years as developmental math coordinator at Miami Hamilton, I share the frustration that goes along with low pass rates in the developmental math curriculum. Far too many students end up on the classic Jetson's-style treadmill, with the abstract nature of the traditional algebra curriculum keeping them from reaching their goals. Like so many instructors across the country, I believe the time is right to move beyond the one-size-fits-all curriculum that treats students the same whether they hope to be an engineer or a pastry chef. "Because we've always done it that way" is NOT a good reason to maintain the status quo in our curriculum. Let's work together to devise alternate pathways that help students to learn more and learn better while hastening their trip into credit-bearing math courses. Since my book (Math in Our World) is written for the Liberal Arts Math and Quantitative Literacy market, I think I'm in the right place at the right time to make a difference in the new and exciting pathways course.
I'm in a very happy place right now: my love of teaching meshes perfectly with my childhood dream of writing. (Don't tell my publisher this – they think I spend 20 hours a day working on textbooks – but I'm working on my first novel in the limited spare time that I have.) I'm also a former coordinator of Ohio Project NExT, as I believe very strongly in helping young college instructors focus on high-quality teaching as a primary career goal. I live in Fairfield, Ohio with my lovely wife Cat and fuzzy dogs Macleod and Tessa. When not teaching or writing, my passions include Ohio State football, Cleveland Indians baseball, heavy metal music, travel, golf, and home improvement.
Allan Bluman
Allan G. Bluman is a professor emeritus at the Community College of Allegheny County, South Campus, near Pittsburgh. He has taught mathematics and statistics for over 35 years. He received an Apple for the Teacher award in recognition of his bringing excellence to the learning environment at South Campus. He has also taught statistics for Penn State University at the Greater Allegheny (McKeesport) Campus and at the Monroeville Center. He received his master's and doctor's degrees from the University of Pittsburgh.
In addition to Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach (Eighth Edition ©2012) and Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version (Fifth Edition ©2010), Al is a co-author on a liberal arts mathematics text published by McGraw-Hill, Math in Our World (2nd Edition ©2011). Al also the author of for mathematics books in the McGraw-Hill DeMystified Series. They are Pre-Algebra, Math Word Problems, Business Math, and Probability.
Al Bluman is married and has two sons and a granddaughter.


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We have now entered the high summer month of July, a month in which we honour the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ. St. John XXIII especially wanted us to have a vibrant devotion to the Precious Blood of Jesus, the price of our redemption, and the pledge of our salvation and eternal life. When we receive Holy Communion from the chalice during this month, let us pray that the Lord will wash away all our sins and forgive and convert those who bring bloodshed and violence to our world. Sometimes, sadly, I have heard people refer to Holy Communion from the chalice as "receiving the wine" - a terrible mistake! Let's never refer to 'wine' but only to the Precious Blood. In 1960, Pope John asked the Congregation of Rites to compose a litany in honour of the Precious Blood. It is a beautiful prayer that you can slowly reflect on. Please pray it often this month. You can find it here.
Meanwhile, God bless you and have a good week ahead.
This week we celebrated the Feast Day of Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati.
His Feast Day is 4th July - the anniversary of his death in 1925 at the age of 24.
He was beatified by Pope St John Paul II on 20th May 1990 and is the Patron of the Catholic Youth of our diocese.
The Convocation, held at the De Vere Hotel, Windsor from 13th to 15th June, was for all the clergy of the Diocese of Portsmouth in active ministry in parishes, schools and communities. With 120 present, including 15 deacons, it was very close to a 100% turnout. The event lasted only 48 hours, although it was such an intense period of work that it seemed to last much longer. The retired clergy were invited to join us for the final Mass and lunch, and also to the Thursday afternoon workshops. These latter were also open to the laity and anyone interested. It was a full house. The whole Convocation was a remarkable and grace-filled experience, not unlike what Vatican II was, they say, for its participants, an "event" that transcended its actual contents.
This is what some of the Clergy thought…
On Monday 3rd July, St George Catholic College in Southampton was pleased to host the pilgrim statue of Our Lady of Fatima and relics of Saints Jacinta and Francisco. Students came and heard the story of Fatima and venerated the statue and relics as well as receiving rosaries and prayer cards from the World Apsotolate of Fatima. Children from the local catholic primary schools were also invited in to see the statue and relics, including students from St Patrick's in Woolston and St Jude's in Fareham to this special occasion.
I was unable to attend the event in person, but I sent a message which was read out to all students, as St George is the only school that will be hosting the statue and relics in the centenary year.
I have made some further new clergy appointments in the diocese, which take effect from 8th September 2017.
Please pray that in the new appointments the Lord will bless these pastors and their communities abundantly.
I have also appointed two new Coordinating Pastors: Fr. Mark Hogan to Hampshire Downs (with my thanks to Fr. Peter Hart for all his work) and Canon Dominic Golding VG to Portsmouth Pastoral Area (with my thanks to Fr. Steven Restori for all his work).
I would like to draw your attention to a world-wide campaign to ask the Holy Father to canonise Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati at the end of the Synod on Youth next year and a sign-up web-based petition. Blessed Pier Giorgio's niece, Wanda Gawronska, who I met earlier this year recently wrote to me:
"Fr. Niemczak has put on the internet a letter petition to Pope Francis to be signed by every friend of Pier Giorgio but above all by youth devoted to Pier Giorgio, petition for canonization on the occasion of the Synod. I am sure you will help in spreading it also. Bishop Sartain is coming to Pollone around the 20th of July and he is also willing to work on a letter signed by the USA bishops, friends of Pier Giorgio!"
You can sign the petition here.
I'd like to draw your attention to some key dates for your 2018 diary!
A Eucharistic Congress will be taking place in Liverpool over three days, Friday 7th to Sunday 9th September 2018.
Here in Portsmouth Diocese we are arranging two days of preparation. On Friday 4th May we will hold a day for our schools where I will invite each school to send delegates to a day of activities and celebration centred on the Eucharist and on Saturday 5th May there will be an event for people from across the diocese to unite before the Blessed Sacrament – more detail on this as soon as they become available, but for now please save these dates.
"We can do better science—and medicine—when we recognize that human beings have abilities that transcend reductionist material explanations. In this century of unprecedented advances in brain research, it's remarkable that the deepest insights emerge from an ancient paradigm: Thomas Aquinas's map of the soul."
I recently came across this fascinating article by Michael Egnor, a professor of neurological surgery at Stony Brook University School of Medicine, A Map of the soul.
You can read the full article on First Things website.
Richard Martin writes...
On Tuesday 29th June, about 100 people from across the Avon Stour Pastoral Area and beyond gathered in St Joseph's Church, Christchurch, for another Welcome to Worship event. The theme was "Seek first the kingdom" (Matt 6:33) and the evening consisted of praise and worship, prayer, Scripture reading and a short talk/reflection exploring the meaning of "kingdom", why it is necessary to "seek" and what this might mean in practice, and the challenge of putting this "first" in our lives. There followed an extended opportunity to respond silently and prayerfully in a range of ways: personal reflection on different aspects of the theme stimulated and challenged by a series of beautifully prepared and presented 'prayer station' displays and resources; a practical act of repentance and commitment using rough stones and smooth gems; listening to reflective Christian music; and receiving individual prayer ministry.
The whole Welcome to Worship event was a moving and powerful spiritual experience, as indicated by some of the comments made by those participating, such as: "I feel like I've had a mini retreat", "thank you for the wonderful prayer and worship evening", "I could not believe I was only there one and a half hours. I gained from the evening as much as a whole weekend in the past", "prayerful and uplifting", "I felt spoken to", …
This was our third Welcome to Worship event in Avon Stour and the aim is to hold one per term in different churches across the Pastoral Area. Anyone is welcome to join us, so keep an eye on your e-News for details of the next one!
On Friday 30 June Farnborough Hill saw a sea of people, all dressed in bright yellow, complete a 3k run through its beautiful grounds. The run was organised by members of the Lower Sixth and dedicated to the memory their friend, Farnborough Hill ex-student Lucy Pygott, who, together with fellow athlete Stacey Burrows, was tragically killed in a road accident whilst out running with the Aldershot, Farnham and District Athletic Club in November of last year. Lucy was not only an exceptionally talented athlete, but also an extremely well-loved student.
I support this initiative and Fr. Mark Hogan represented me at this year's gathering.
This month's issue contains details of the Oscar Romero Walking Pilgrimage taking place in September.
In commemoration of the Centenary of the Fatima Apparitions, the Grayshott Sisters invite us all to pray the Holy Rosary before the image of Our Lady of Fatima on the 13th of each month (June to October).
All are welcome to join them at 7.15 pm at St. Joseph's Church in Grayshott.
If you cannot attend, perhaps join them in prayer at this time from wherever you are.
The Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham and The Mercy Tour in conjunction with Chris Stefanick and Real Life Catholic proudly present REBOOT! Live!
Reboot Live! is a high-energy, 2 ½ hour renewal event designed to bring a brand new energy and vitality to parish communities and the Church. It is an opportunity to ignite a new passion and resolve in the hearts and minds of everyone who attends. We want you to imagine your parish full of people with a much clearer understanding of God's plan for their lives. Imagine more prayer, more study, and more generosity. Imagine more energy, more inquisitiveness, and more commitment. Imagine lives truly transformed in Christ! This is what REBOOT! Live! is all about.
Wednesday 12th July at St Mary's, Twickenham is the second leg in Chris' UK tour, with music provided by the Mercy Tour it promises to be an inspiring, unmissable event.
2017's biggest young Catholic Summer Festival!
Inheritance, a 5-day camping festival run by young people for young people. It is about us discovering who we are as we come face-to-face with the God who made us, knows us and loves us.
Thursday 24th - Monday 28th August 2017
Guests can arrive onsite from 5pm on Thursday 24th August. The festival kicks-off at 7pm that evening and will finish at 1pm on Monday 28th August. Guests will need to leave the site by 5pm on Monday evening.
The National Catholic Shrine of Our Lady in Walsingham. The festival site is just opposite to the premises of the Catholic shrine. It is just 15 minutes drive from the seaside town of Wells-next-the-Sea and 2 and a half hours from London (via the M11). Look out for the big top!
Houghton St Giles, Walsingham, Norfolk, NR22 6AL
St Joseph's & St Edmund's Parish in Southampton City Centre is organising a Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela from 16th– 23rd June 2018.
To secure the excellent price of £830 the firm organising the travel arrangements need to book flights by mid-August to secure the best possible deal. (Deposit £200 per head).
Fly to Madrid and then drive to Burgos when we will spend one day in Loyola, the birth place of St Ignatius to visit his shrine. We then follow the route of the Camino, the way of St James, to Santiago. There is the opportunity for walking some of the route but the coach will also be available for those who would rather use it. There will be daily celebration of Mass.
For further details and booking forms please contact Godfrey Doyle via e-mail or telephone 07714 370529.
The Formation for Mission Team have a number of new courses starting soon which provide training for Parish Catechists. You can download an information booklet here.
The new course We are all Witnesses - Essential Training for Catechists is now available to book. You can find details here.
You can find out more about the Formation for Mission Team on their website.
Wednesday 12th July
Reboot Live! UK Tour
St Mary's University Twickenham
14th-16th July
Neighbour or Stranger:
A Christian Response to Forced Displacement in the World
University of Winchester
21st-23rd July
National Justice & Peace Conference:
A Sabbath for the Earth and the Poor
the challenge of Pope Francis
The Hayes Conference Centre, Swanwick, Derbyshire
Saturday 22nd July
Alton Day of Renewal
Alton Convent
23rd - 29th July
Don Bosco Summer Camp
St Cassian's Kintbury
3rd-6th August
St John Paul II Walking Pilgrimage to Walsingham
Saturday 12th August
Franciscan Celebration Called to be Presence in the World
Friday 18th - Friday 25th August
Diocesan Pilgrimage to Lourdes
Monday 21st - Friday 25th August
Fanning the Flame - Hampshire Camp
Saturday 9th September
Blessed Oscar Romero Walking Pilgrimage
St Joseph's Church, Havant to St John's Cathedral, Portsmouth
Sunday 24th September
International Migrant Mass
St John's Cathedral, 3pm
30th September - 1st October
Celebrate! Southampton
Saturday 21st October
National Altar Servers' Mass
Westminster Cathedral, 2.30pm.
Thursday 6th July
Trustees meeting, Bishop's House, Portsmouth
Saturday 8th July
Confirmation Mass, St John's Cathedral, Portsmouth
The repose of the souls of all who have died recently, especially those killed through acts of warfare, violence, terrorism and natural disaster. Please pray particularly for the repose of the soul of the founder of Verbum Dei Missionary Fraternity, Fr. Jaime Bonet, who died recently. Requiescant in pace.
For all clergy preparing to move to new appointments and for their parishes.
We receive a lot of adverts for events. If you would like to advertise an event, please fill out this form here


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New archaeological analysis from The Australian Nationwide College (ANU) has discovered that Homo erectus, an extinct species of primitive people, went extinct partly as a result of they have been 'lazy'.
An archaeological excavation of historical human populations within the Arabian Peninsula throughout the Early Stone Age, discovered that Homo erectus used 'least-effort methods' for instrument making and gathering sources.
This 'laziness' paired with an incapability to adapt to a altering local weather seemingly performed a job within the species going extinct, in line with lead researcher Dr Ceri Shipton of the ANU Faculty of Tradition, Historical past and Language.
"They actually do not appear to have been pushing themselves," Dr Shipton mentioned.
"I do not get the sense they have been explorers wanting over the horizon. They did not have that very same sense of surprise that we've."
Dr Shipton mentioned this was evident in the best way the species made their stone instruments and picked up sources.
"To make their stone instruments they might use no matter rocks they may discover mendacity round their camp, which have been principally of comparatively low high quality to what later stone instrument makers used," he mentioned.
"On the web site we checked out there was an enormous rocky outcrop of high quality stone only a brief distance away up a small hill.
"However relatively than stroll up the hill they might simply use no matter bits had rolled down and have been mendacity on the backside.
"Once we seemed on the rocky outcrop there have been no indicators of any exercise, no artefacts and no quarrying of the stone.
"They knew it was there, however as a result of that they had sufficient sufficient sources they appear to have thought, 'why hassle?'".
That is in distinction to the stone instrument makers of later intervals, together with early Homo sapiens and Neanderthals, who have been climbing mountains to search out good high quality stone and transporting it over lengthy distances.
Dr Shipton mentioned a failure to progress technologically, as their surroundings dried out right into a desert, additionally contributed to the inhabitants's demise.
"Not solely have been they lazy, however they have been additionally very conservative," Dr Shipton mentioned.
"The sediment samples confirmed the surroundings round them was altering, however they have been doing the very same issues with their instruments.
"There was no development in any respect, and their instruments are by no means very removed from these now dry river beds. I believe ultimately the surroundings simply obtained too dry for them."
The excavation and survey work was undertaken in 2014 on the web site of Saffaqah close to Dawadmi in central Saudi Arabia.
The analysis has been printed in a paper for the PLoS One scientific journal.
Dr Ceri Shipton
ANU Faculty of Tradition, Historical past and Language
E: [email protected]
Aaron Walker
ANU media staff
E: [email protected]
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are usually not chargeable for the accuracy of News releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing establishments or for the usage of any data by way of the EurekAlert system.


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The European Union is a key player in international economic relations, but its exact role and how it goes about making decisions and negotiating is often poorly understood within and especially outside the EU. When does the EU play a proactive role and when does it follow? When is the EU a distinct actor and when is it just one level in a multi- level process of negotiation in which the member states are the main actors? Does the EU possess normative power in external economic relations? Does the EU have the capability and willingness to use its still significant economic power? European Union Economic Diplomacy provides the first comprehensive analysis of the factors that determine the role of the EU in economic diplomacy. In an up-to-date treatment that includes consideration of the impact of the Treaty of Lisbon, it contains a comprehensive explanation of decision making and negotiating processes in the core areas of trade, financial market regulation, environmental diplomacy and development co-operation. The book is intended for those interested in EU policy making, but also those who simply need to understand how the EU functions in the field of economic diplomacy.
Dr Stephen Woolcock, London School of Economics, UK
More books by Stephen Woolcock
More books by Michele Fratianni
More books by John J. Kirton
More books by Paolo Savona
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Technical Glossary Terms - D
Back to Technical Glossary Main Page
Find below a glossary of terms and definitions that begin with the letter D as it relates to technical definitions.
|Dashboards are information compressed as figures on one page, that provide a quick overview of the enterprise.
|A collection of data, usually in the form of tables or files, under the control of a database management system.
|Data Collection System
|The Web environment that is used to collect the IPEDS data.
|Data Definition
|The specification of a data element to be maintained. The specification includes datatype, size, and rules about processing: for example, derivation and validation.
|Data Dictionary
|A part of a database that holds definitions of data elements, such as tables, columns, and views.
|Data Governance
|Data Governance is the establishment and maintenance of a structured process to transform data into valuable and usable of information permanently.
|Data Mart
|A data warehouse data class organized for a business functional area or department. The database contains data summarized at multiple levels of granularity and may be desinged using relational or multidimensional database structures.
|Data Partitioning
|A technique to improve application performance or security by splitting tables across multiple locations.
|Data Profiling
|The use of query and reporting tools to explore the content and relationships of source system data.
|Data Replication
|The copying of data to and from sites to improve local service response times and availability; frequently employed as part of a backup and recovery strategy.
|Data Quality
|Data quality determines the reliability of data. High-quality data needs to be complete, accurate, available and timely.
|Data Source
|An operational system, third-party organization, or external system that provides the data to support the information requirements of the client. The data source is accessed during the data acquisition process.
|Data Stewardship
|An organizational function to address data definitions, consistency, integration, quality, and knowledge in an enterprise.
|Data Transfer
|The physical movement of data between applications, perhaps across sites.
|Data Transformation
|The process of redefining data based on some predefined rules. The values are redfined based on a specific formula or technique.
|Data Validation
|The process of ensuring correct data based on error and exception handling rules. This process directly impacts data integrity.
|Data Warehouse
|An enterprise structured repository of subject-oriented, time-variant, historical data used for information retrieval and decision support. The data warehouse stores atomic and summary data. The data warehouse is the source data stored in the data marts.
|Decision Support Systems (DSS)
|An application primarily used to comsolidate, summarize, or transform transaction data to support analytical reporting and trend analysis.
|A database design activity that restructures a database by introducing derived data, replicated data, and/or repeating data to tune an application system and increase performance.
|The relationship of one task to another where the start or end date of the second task (successor) is constrained by the start or end date of the first (predecessor).
|Derived Columns
|A value derived by some algorithm from the values of other columns.
|Dimension Table
|A dimension table stores attributes, or dimensions, that describe the objects in a fact table.
|Drill Across
|Data analysis across dimensions.


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Collierville , United States 3.87 km
Germantown , United States 17.71 km
Hickory Withe , United States 22.3 km
(Link to www.qrz.com)
444.125TN (KA7UEC-10) 3.03 km
443.625TN (KA7UEC-10) 3.96 km
KA7UEC-10 3.99 km
N2FTV B (N2FTV-S) 4.46 km
N2FTV-B 4.46 km
443.300TN (KA7UEC-10) 6 km
KA2BSM 6.53 km
KG5GBH-1 10.18 km
WB4MOR B (WB4MOR-S) 13.11 km
WB4MOR-B 13.11 km
KM4USQ-B 16.2 km
KM4USQ B (KM4USQ-S) 16.2 km
KM4USQ-5 16.23 km
KA2BSM-N 17.02 km
- A packet is either recived from the regular APRS-IS servers or from the CWOP servers. Packets received from the APRS-IS servers are sent from ham radio operators, and packets received from the CWOP servers are sent from citizen weather stations.
- To get a better understanding of the APRS path I recommend reading the explanation written by wa8lmf.
- Used Aprs Device according to the APRS device identification database.
- Position accordning to the Google geocoding service, based on the reported latitude and longitude (if we get no valid position from the Google gecoding service we will show the latitude and longitude).
- This is the Maidenhead Grid Square Locator, used by ham radio operators to specify a location (using few characters).
- If station has more than 30 related stations we will only show the 30 closest related stations.


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Do you want to know the SD and HD channels list in TACTV set-top box? Here you can view all the channels available in Tamilnadu Arasu Cable TV (TACTV). … [Read more...]
List of All Tamil Language Television Channels [Updated 2018]
Want to know all Tamil TV Channels? Here is the A to Z list of Tamil TV Channels which are available in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Canada and in other western countries. Some of the TV channels can be viewed within that specific country only. … [Read more...]


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Our studies point that WIFI is not completely safe at home near the animal or human body because it employ harmful radio waves. But it is safer compared to cellphone that it is close to our brain during communications. WIFI signals are everywhere. If you switched off your WiFi at night, you are still exposed to the WIFI signals coming in from neighbors but we have a significant reduction of the bioeffects of WIFI with distance from the router. Future investigations will focus on the long term bioeffects of WIFI placed at an important distance from the animal or the human.
Users of wireless devices are typically exposed for much longer periods than for mobile phones and the strength of wireless devices is not significantly less. Whereas a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phone can range from 21 dBm (125 mW) for Power Class 4 to 33 dBm (2W) for Power class 1, a wireless router can range from a typical 15 dBm (30 mW) strength to 27 dBm (500 mW) on the high end.[6]
To date, there are a few long-term studies, very few in humans and even fewer epidemiological studies, apart from the studies on laptops with small numbers of study subjects. It is also far too early to generate reliable figures at this time. However, there are indications that especially newborns, children, or adolescents are particularly vulnerable as has been presented in detail by the research teams of Nazırogˇ lu, Atasoy, Margaritis/ Panagopoulos, Orendacˇ ova, Othmann, Ozorak, Sangun, Shahin and Yuksel. The experiments were carried out with rats or mice, in some cases as long-term studies (up to 1 year). In this context, it is important to note that rats and mice used in laboratories have a life expectancy of perhaps two years. This at least allows us to infer that human children and adolescents have to be protected from possible increased risks. In the study of Margaritis et al. (2014), the authors point out that the exposure levels from Bluetooth (0.3 V/m) and Wi-Fi routers (here 2.1 V/m) showed greater effects than cell phone radiation sources with much higher field strengths. This may coincide with the findings of the papers by von Klitzing, which stated that the power-dependent pulse of 10 Hz (1 ms) from Wi-Fi routers triggered reactions. Kumari et al. observed in a study from 2012 that higher levels of ROS in the liver suppress antioxidant enzymes and that lower levels cause an increase. This could be a key to further mechanisms as to how or whether tissue damage occurs or perhaps not. Likewise, the polarization of RF radiation (Meena et al. 2014, Panagopoulos et al. 2015) should also receive additional attention.
Here at CellularOutfitter, we know it's a challenge to find your perfect match, so we've hand-picked some of our best-selling cell phone wallets! To start with, we wanted to introduce the Embossed Butterfly Wallet Case that's been stealing our hearts! Available in about 7 different colors, this wallet phone case also comes with amazing features like it's detachable matching case, extra card slots, and a wristlet! Why wait? Have all your cards in one place and grab this wallet case so you'll always be ready on the go.
The NTP study was to be peer-reviewed at a meeting on March 26–28, amid signs that the program's leadership is pivoting to downplay its findings. The NTP had issued a public-health warning when the study's early results were released in 2016. But when the NTP released essentially the same data in February 2018, John Bucher, the senior scientist who directed the study, announced in a telephone press conference that "I don't think this is a high-risk situation at all," partly because the study had exposed the rats and mice to higher levels of radiation than a typical cell-phone user experienced.50
37. Be careful when sharing your phone number. Teenagers may be so excited to finally have their own cell phone or smartphone that they immediately give out their number to everyone they know – or worse, publish it online on their social media profiles. "Only give out your phone number to people you know for sure you can trust." – Sameer Hinduja, Ph.D. and Justin W. Patchin, Ph.D., Cell Phone Safety Ten Tips for Teens, Cyberbullying Research Center; Twitter: @onlinebullying
The scientific evidence that cell phones and wireless technologies in general can cause cancer and genetic damage is not definitive, but it is abundant and has been increasing over time. Contrary to the impression that most news coverage has given the public, 90 percent of the 200 existing studies included in the National Institutes of Health's PubMed database on the oxidative effects of wireless radiation—its tendency to cause cells to shed electrons, which can lead to cancer and other diseases—have found a significant impact, according to a survey of the scientific literature conducted by Henry Lai. Seventy-two percent of neurological studies and 64 percent of DNA studies have also found effects.52
Studies by five independent research groups regarding cell phones and brain tumors have revealed significantly increased risks of a benign tumour of the cranial nerve supplying the ear. This grows slowly and must be removed in a major operation that can result in permanent facial paralysis. Other risks found were cancer of the glial cells (including neurons) of the nervous system and cancer of the meninges, the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.