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Yawgmoth's Whimsy #186 - Beating Slivers
I have finally got some time to do some serious block playtesting. Some of that is done with paper, where Darksteel Ingots can do a fine job pretending to be Coalition Relics. However, much of that playtesting also occurs on MTGO, where you need the real cards. I had to choose the rares on which I'd blow my budget — Korlash, Tarmogoyf, Relics or some lands. I chose the green Lhurgoyf. I chose unwisely.
The problem is that the metagame has been shifting in Time Spiral Block, and it looks to have shifted out from under my Green monsters. I bought the cards, clicked together the deck, then started getting smashed time after time by a stupid Slivers deck. A stupid, Tier 1 Slivers deck.
In this article, I want to talk about Time Spiral Block metagame shifts, and about a Red deck that wins right now.
Originally, the top decks were U/B/x control and Mono-Red beats. Later, G/W Tarmogoyf and Wild Slivers joined the fray because they smashed the previous decks. Now, Poison Slivers eats Tarmogoyf for breakfast — and it's Poison Slivers that you will have to beat this weekend.
The weekend after that — well, we will see. My crystal ball doesn't reach that far.
Some background. I have been playing mainly in the Standard, not Block, 8-man queues. I have been acquiring cards slowly, mainly in Draft and Sealed. I have been able to put together decent decks that could be competitive in the Tournament Practice rooms, even if they were not quite good enough to justify gambling tickets on in the 8-mans. For example, I am willing to playtest a Bridge from Below deck in the Tournament Practice room with only three Bridges, knowing that I will lose more because the deck is short a copy of a critical piece, but I won't spend four tickets to play that in an 8-man.
Sometimes, though, I can time the metagame and win with what I have. Other times I can find a sliver bullet for the current metagame werewolf. At those times, I can often clean up.
I may be in that position right now.
Time Spiral Block began, for most people, with Pro Tour: Yokohama. That tournament was memorable for a number of things. It reinforced the idea that the best deck was U/B/x, with Teferi and Mystical Teachings. More importantly for this article, it showed that, while White Weenie was supposed to be this amazing colossus, this unstoppable thing — well, people had to get themselves a new giant. (That's supposed to be paraphrasing Vizzini's barbs to Fezzik, but I'm probably screwing it up.)
At the Pro Tour, Mono-Red beat the crap out of White Weenie. Immediately after the pro tour, everyone on MTGO was playing U/B/x and Mono-Red, and they all tweaked their decks to beat each other, and to beat the big mana R/G decks. A lot of those modification consisted of yanking out the White Weenie hate and replacing it with cards aimed at the new Tier 1.
In the week that followed, I smashed people with White Weenie and had probably my best ever run in tournament play. Two weeks after that, though, and I won exactly one pack in five 8-mans. People had brought back the hate.
Timing is everything.
When Time Spiral was finally released online, I was playing a Mono-Red speed deck. It had Fiery Temper and Rift Bolt as burn (no Disintegrates: I have done probably five-dozen drafts and a bunch of sealed events, and I have never busted a Disintegrate. Ever.) Gathan Riders, Mogg War Marshals, Emberwilde Augurs, and Greater Gargadons rounded out the creature mix. It also ran four Keldon Megaliths, Word of Seizing, and Vesuva - all maindeck. It was a joy to play against U/B/x control: their Tendrils rarely did anything, you could almost always steal and eat Teferi, and they were so slow they died to the Megaliths.
The next big metagame shift occurred around the time of Grand Prix: Montreal. People had discovered Tarmogoyf. Gathan Riders was often a 5/5 beater for three mana and a card. Tarmogoyf was often a 5/6 flier for two mana and a Griffin Guide, and Mystic Enforcer was a monster. More importantly, G/W Goyf had cycling cards, like Horizon Canopy and Edge of Autumn (or, for real card advantage, Edge of Autumn sacrificing a Flagstones of Trokair). G/W Goyf had better creatures that cost less, better card drawing and fewer card disadvantage engines (like flipping Gathan Raiders) than Mono-Red beats.
By GP: Montreal, my Mono-Red deck was busted. White Weenie had also had its day in the sun. I needed to choose a new deck — and all of the main decks used cards I did not own. I needed to choose a chase rare critter and shell out some tickets for a playset.
Actually, I would have to shell out some tickets for a couple sets of cards. I was very close to having enough cards to play some of the Tier 1 control decks in the format. For example, I could build Adrian Sullivan's Baron deck for just a few tickets (and I did) but I have a problem with that sort of deck. I am not a really fast player. If I race, I make mistakes. If I don't race, I time out. I can smash a lot of people in untimed matches in the tournament practice room with that sort of deck, but I can't consistently win packs in timed events with it.
I needed a beatdown deck — or at least a decent aggro-control deck.
Looking at the results of the GP and the first few PTQs, I could see a couple main options.
Kenji Tsumura's B/U Pickles variant looked good — but I needed a couple Vesuvan Shapeshifters, a pair of Vensers and an Ancestral Visions. More importantly, I was already playing Adrian's Baron, and I wanted something really different.
Paul Cheon took second place with a Korlash Control deck featuring Korlash, Shadowmage Infiltrator, Teferi, and Triskelavus. I had everything - except that I was short three Korlash, Heir to Blackblade and a couple River of Tears.
Celso Zampere won the GP with a G/W Tarmogoyf deck
Antonio DeRosa just missed Top 8 with a cool U/G deck — but that required buying both Tarmogoyfs and a Shapeshifter — and a pair Psionic Blasts.
Even Guillaume Wafo-tapa's Wild Pair Slivers deck included a couple rares I did not own. More importantly, I was somewhat hesitant to play a combo deck I did not design. Combo decks require a ton of practice, and I get really bored playing someone else's. Besides, I had traded away a lot of my slivers. I had also played a R/G Wild Pair deck, and was looking for something new.
No matter which way I went, I was looking at a bunch of expensive rares — unless I was willing to play White Weenie (which made Top 8 at just one PTQ — a fluke, I believe.) Even fringe decks, like Evan Erwin's Mono-Black control, ran a playset of Korlashes.
Eventually, I decided that I was going to shell out a ton of tickets for Tarmogoyfs. They looked to be the heart of the best aggro deck around, and they also look like the sort of card that will be played in Extended forever. I expect to be playing them for a long time.
I should have waited. The price is falling significantly. It's because of Slivers — and if you are thinking about playing Tarmogoyfs in an upcoming PTQ, you need to think about that.
As I built the deck, I was watching the other events, and reading all the how-to articles and tournament reports I could find. Here's what I concluded.
The must haves:
4 Tarmogoyf
4 Griffin Guides
3-4 Saffi Eriksdotter
2-4 Mystic Enforcer
4 Edge of Autumn
4 Horizon Canopy
4 Flagstones of Trokair
4 Llanowar Reborn
3-4 Temporal Isolation
2-3 Thrill of the Hunt
Serra Avenger was now in dispute. Zampere ran four, but other writers and players were concerned that, by the time you reliably had double White, you could play Calciderm, etc. — and that the untargetability of the Calciderm was important. I like both — but I like Angel more.
Also in dispute was the two-drop. Riftsweeper was important when Aeon Chronicler was huge, and Detritivore common. They are both less frequent now. I have seen people replacing them with everything from Mire Boa to Kavu Predator (usually in decks splashing Red for Fiery Justice).
Mystic Enforcer is also under debate, because Blue opponents run Take Possession. Personally, I think that is symptomatic of The Fear — but since I only have two copies online, I only ran two.
My exact build is not important. What is important is what happened when I took it into the Tournament Practice room. I got smashed.
Really, really smashed.
People had been playing with Wafo-Tapa's Slivers deck — and combining it with "tech" from Pro Tour: San Diego. PT: SD was Limited, and Two-Headed Giant, but it proved to the world that poison Slivers were real — and that Slivers could be fast. Wafo-Tapa's Slivers were aggro control. People rebuilt his slivers into a true aggro deck. Here are the main changes.
First, the Wild Pair tutor engine was replaced by slivercycling provided by Homing Slivers. That reduced the cost by half.
Second, the haste provided by Reflex Sliver was replaced by the one mana cheaper Firewake Sliver. Firewake also provided a means of sacrificing Dormant Slivers. Dormants are amazing card advantage, but they do prevent beatdown. Firewake turns the "we gots walls" ability into "we get +2/+2."
Might Sliver, Mystic Snake, and Wall of Roots all went away, to be replaced by one-mana Slivers, like Shrieking Sliver and Virulent Sliver. Two-Headed Sliver showed up to make sure that the weenies kept getting through. Suddenly the deck went from quite slow to very fast.
One thing that did not change was that the Telekinetic Slivers were still around. Telekinetic Sliver means that any old Sliver can tap down a Tarmogoyf or Mystic Enforcer.
More importantly, the slivers deck can win by poison very, very quickly. It can do stupid stuff, like drop some Gemhides then Bust all the lands. It can dodge Damnations with Frenetic Slivers. Most importantly, in the mid or late game, if it gets a couple Dormant Slivers into play, it can outdraw any deck in the format.
It is hard to overestimate how bad the Poison Slivers matchup is for G/W Tarmogoyf. It is just terrible. I playtested against someone fresh of a good PTQ result with G/W Goyf, while I had just thrown together the slivers deck. I won something like 90 percent of the games before sideboarding.
Post sideboard it does not get much better. The Slivers deck goes up to four Telekinetics — seven with the Homing Slivers. G/W Goyf may have Sunlances, but Frenetic Sliver means those actually kill a Telekinetic only some of the time. G/W Goyf may have Serrated Arrows as well, but Harmonic Sliver means that the Arrows may only hit once.
Even if G/W brings in something really strange — like Magus if the Moat — Slivers still wins. It just decks G/W with Screeching Sliver's ability.
One possible piece of Tech — Crovax. That was my brainstorm this morning, and I have not had time to test this at all, but Crovax may solve the problem. It kills about two-thirds of the slivers, including the Gemhides, Screechings, and Virulents. That's the decks' main mana supply and win conditions.
In my first dozen matches online with my brand-new, many ticket Tarmogoyf deck, I faced Poison Slivers maybe eight times — and lost all the matches. I could steal a game here or there — but I had to be really lucky to get that.
After that, I shelved my efforts to get bargains on the last couple Horizon Canopies and Enforcers, and looked at how to beat the blasted Slivers decks.
The control decks can do this some of the time — but if Slivers gets a really fast start, it wins. If it does not get a fast start, it will eventually draw five billion cards off a Dormant Sliver. The matchups kept feeling like it came down to coin flips involving Damnations and Frenetic Slivers. I was not too excited about that — and I'll let someone else write about those matchups in depth.
I still owned White Weenie. White Weenie had Calciderm, which is immune to telekinesis, but otherwise it is just G/W Tarmogoyf with worse creatures. No luck there.
I also had my old Mono-Red deck. Aggro still sucked, but I had also worked on some variations based, in part, on articles by Dan Paskins and Patrick Chapin. I was especially happy with the Riddle Of Lightning decks they had discussed.
The best thing about Riddle is that it can pull wins — at least from the perspective of the opponent — completely from nowhere. One game I was facing a Tarmogoyf deck that had exploded while I stalled. He had a Griffin Guided Tarmogoyf, two Serra Avengers, and me dead on his next attack phase. He was sitting at sixteen life — fairly comfortably, he thought, since I had won game 1 with a Greater Gargadon. I didn't have one suspended this game, and had only eight mana and a suspended Epochrasite with two counters. The two points I had done so far had been via a pair of early hit from the Epochrasite and two pings from my Keldon Megaliths.
At the end of his turn, I cast my first Riddle of Lightning of the match. I pulled my three Scry cards and saw Greater Gargadon, Rough / Tumble, and Riddle. I almost made the wrong play — revealing Rough / Tumble, then clearing the skies and beating him later. Instead, I revealed Riddle, pinged him with Megaliths, then cast Riddle again during my turn and revealed Gargadon for the win.
I once hit someone for ten on end step with Riddle by revealing Gargs, then cast an other one during upkeep to reveal the same Gargadon.
Riddle is a blast (as in Fireblast) when it works.
I keep worrying that Riddle is a poster-child for the Danger of Cool Things, but it really seems to work. It is instant speed, which is very useful when an U/B/x deck taps out for Teachings at end of turn, or an opponent tries to apply a Griffin Guide. It has Scry, which is as close as Red has to card drawing. It can also reasonably reliably kill most creatures in the environment, including Teferi and Serra Avenger — and can often nail a Mystic Enforcer. At least it can in my build, because this is not a speed beats Red deck anymore.
Creatures (14)
Lands (24)
Spells (22)
Some notes on cards:
Epochrasite: This card is insane. I can't believe how good it is. When I started playing around with the concept, I had two. I quickly bought a third, then a fourth. They are very good against beats, in the mirror, in control matchups, etc. I just adore these cards, which does not, of course, prevent me from feeding them to Greater Gargadon every chance I get.
Big Gargs: Greater Gargadon has one main purpose — he fizzles Tendrils. Sure, he has other skills. He beats, on occasion. He means you never have to feel guilty about ignoring echo costs. He even flashes himself for ten damage during lightning storms — but you play him because of Tendrils.
Mogg War Marshal: The Mogg is fast beats, three chump blockers, and three counters off Gargs — but this is one card I end up sideboarding out a lot.
Word of Seizing: The flavor text should read "I eat Teferi for breakfast." It does that — as well as stealing chump blockers, converting opponents' attackers into blockers and stealing charged-up storage lands to feed to Gargs. Sure, they can empty the counters in response, but if you do that end of turn, odds are they won't be able to do much with the mana — and the point is to kill the land, after all. Seizing a land, then sacrificing it to Boom / Bust is also good.
Disintegrate / Avalanche Riders: Dan Paskins played four Disintegrates. I owned zero, and had the tickets for just two. I had the Riders, so they sat in. They are not shabby. It helps to be able to mana screw your opponents, and the ability to trash an Urborg, Tomb of Yawgmoth or a storage land with a bunch of counters is critical at times. The Riders is also a better test spell than Disintegrate in many cases: firing a three point Disintegrate at the dome is unlikely to suck out a counter, but a Riders can.
Split Cards: Dead / Gone is just fine. I have killed a number of creatures and bounces a lot more right out of their SuperGuide underwear. I have even nailed a turn 2 Tarmogoyf, when the opponent did nothing on turn 1 (just pray they don't have an Edge of Autumn in hand, or — if they do — that they forget to cycle in response.) Boom / Bust is a nice test spell against to a control deck that plays out it's lands, and remember that you can Boom a land, then sacrifice your land to Gargs while the spell is on the stack. Rough / Tumble is the most situational, but it slaughters Slivers and sometimes it clears the air of lots of Serra Avengers and Griffin Guided goons.
Prismatic Lens / Coalition Relic: Online, I have two Relics. In paper, I play three and three. The Lens is faster, but in the long game, I would rather have a Relic.
Keldon Megaliths: So good. They are another uncounterable win condition against control, and they kill Soltari Priests, slivers and a host of other annoying things. When I was playing Vesuva, it often copied Megaliths.
Four Reaches, two Slagheaps: This deck wants a lot of mana. The pump lands work. The Reaches are because I sideboard Krosan Grip. One big problem is Take Possession, and the Grip kills it dead. Grip also works against a lot of problem permanents, and I really hate not having a Disenchant effect in the deck.
My sideboard seems to be working, but it contains some really janky stuff. It may change, especially when I get more copies of certain cards (e.g. Molten Disaster.)
The sideboard starts with the extra two Avalanche Riders. These seem very useful against control — they are the test spells that either draw counters or help manascrew the opponent. Manascrew is particularly useful against the Pickles decks, which can be problematic otherwise. This deck loves its mana and hates not being able to untap. The Riders can also get rid of Urza's Factory, which is a huge problem if left alone.
I also sideboard the last Dead / Gone, for use against practically anything with creatures. If you have played Time Spiral Block Limited or Constructed, you know this.
Serrated Arrows: At one point, this slot contained three Dodecapods, to bring in against the Augur of Skulls / Rack decks. That deck is less common / less of a problem now. The Arrows help fight White Weenie, and especially Slivers. Against Slivers, just try not to tap the Arrows until you have to — you want to be able to kill the Harmonic when it hits play. After that, you need to kill the Dormant Slivers, and early on it is nice to kill the Gemstones, to slow the opponent down. Of course, you need to kill the Virulent Slivers, to avoid being poisoned, and the Shrieking Slivers to avoid being decked. You also need to get rid of the Frenetic Slivers, so you can kill all the others (use Word of Seizing, if necessary.) In short, kill all the slivers. You have, at best, nine arrows. Good luck.
Molten Disaster: Another solid answer to slivers, or as a finisher in control matchups. I only own one, and almost never draw it, so I can't say how good it is, but I can say that it has won me every game in which I cast it.
The total jank: I have three Stuffy Dolls in the sideboard. They are very good against anything in U/W Tarmogoyf that does not fly, and against the Pickles crew (until the dolls get bounced.) In the control matchup, they provide a test spell that opponents often let resolve, thereby giving you an answer to most opposing beats (other than Draining Whelk), as well as a target for your unneeded Dead / Gones. Since no one plays Sudden Death anymore, they are really hard to kill — although not that hard to bounce. I keep them in because they answer a lot of the random decks that sometimes appear online — they do for creatures what Krosan Grip does for enchantments and artifacts.
G/W Tarmogoyf: Pretty decent. You lose to the turn 1: Flagstones, cycle Edge, turn 2: Goyf, turn 3: Guide, turns 4 & 5: Avenger draws — usually — but you have a very good shot if they don't get the god draw. If you can keep them out of the air, you generally win. You sideboard out Boom / Bust for the fourth Word of Seizing and Dead / Gone. Your call on the Stuffy Doll — but it is a ton of fun against Calciderm, provided it stays Isolation free.
U/B/x Control: Word of Seizing is helpful, especially to feed enemy win conditions to Gargadon — and that includes Urza's Factory. You want to feed Gargadon as little as possible, however — it is far better to keep the Gargadon suspended to fizzle Tendrils. Fire Riddles at the opponent's head whenever they tap out, and don't worry too much about emptying your hand — Megaliths is a very effective win condition. Beyond that, pay echo and beat with the Moggs and Riders, and beat with 1/1 Epochrasites. In this matchup, you don't necessarily want to sacrifice Epoch to a Gargs as soon as it hit play: having it return is iffy. Teferi happens.
Mirror: Most Red aggro decks have fast beaters and can be wrecked by Rough / Tumble and burn. Save your Dead / Gones for their Greater Gargadon. In the longer term, you will burn them out. Stuffy Doll is fine in this matchup — although it is probably overkill.
White Weenie: You are fine if you draw the Rough / Tumble and have mana to cast it. Epochrasite jambs up the ground, but fliers require Dead / Gone, Riddle, or Tumble. Be wary of mana-short opening hands: if you get the mana, you usually get the game. Sideboard in Serrated Arrows: a few decks run Tivadar out of the board, and he's a pain. Late game, a pair of Keldon Megaliths can do him in, but you may not have that long to wait.
Slivers (all types): Your best friends are Molten Disaster, Rough / Tumble, and Dead / Gone, probably in that order. Be selective in using the Dead / Gones: in many cases, you can get two-for-ones. My favorite is to kill a Shadow or Two-Headed Sliver after attackers, then get some surprising blocks in. Serrated Arrows help, as do the Megaliths.
U/G Goyf: You have a few more things to worry about with this deck, but the matchup isn't too bad. Don't rely to heavily on Disintegrate, since they run Delay, and a Delayed Disintegrate is useless. Be careful killing the morphs: many can turn nasty, but you want them dead. Greater Gargadon is not that much of a benefit, since he will probably be bounced quickly. That bounce can also mess with the Megaliths. Play carefully, don't draw lands nine turns in a row (voice of experience there) and you can do okay.
Would I take this to a PTQ this weekend? Well, since there are none close, I don't have to make that decision, but I think so. I would play this over control, since I hate being in the draw bracket, and I think it is better than Slivers. Most Tarmogoyf builds fold to Slivers (although I haven't tested the W/G/r version against Slivers enough, but it has other problems) — and Slivers will be there.
Yes, I would.
Whatever you do play, good luck.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
This picture gives an idea of how a framework operates. The framework might supply a class, such as a class application, that describes a generic or general purpose application. Certain methods, such as mouse-down, key-pressed, or paint the window, are specified by the parent class but are left unimplemented.
To create a new application, the user subclasses these classes, and redefines the necessary methods, in this picture the mouseDown method. Thus, the programmer can provide application specific behavior to the mouseDown task.
The framework works because of polymorphism. The application classes think that they are working with an instance of class application, but in face they are working with an instance of a subclass. The programmer, on the other hand, views the application classes, and thus have a different view of the same objects.


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Lecture 4: OCEANS (Outline) Basic Ocean Structures. Basic Ocean Current Systems. The State of Oceans. Temperature. Salinity.
- Archibald Lester
- 2 years ago
- Views:
1 Lecture 4: OCEANS (Outline) Basic Structures and Dynamics Ekman transport Geostrophic currents Surface Ocean Circulation Subtropicl gyre Boundary current Deep Ocean Circulation Thermohaline conveyor belt Basic Ocean Structures Upper Ocean (~100 m) Shallow, warm upper layer where light is abundant and where most marine life can be found. Deep Ocean Warm up by sunlight! Cold, dark, deep ocean where plenty supplies of nutrients and carbon exist. No sunlight! Basic Ocean Current Systems surface circulation deep ocean circulation Upper Ocean Deep Ocean Temperature The State of Oceans warm on the upper ocean, cold in the deeper ocean. Salinity variations determined by evaporation, precipitation, sea-ice formation and melt, and river runoff. Density small in the upper ocean, large in the deeper ocean. (from Is The Temperature Rising? ) 1
2 Potential Temperature E > P E < P Salinity Sea-ice formation and melting Potential temperature is very close to temperature in the ocean. Salinity is the mass of dissolved salts in a kilogram of seawater. The average temperature of the world ocean is about 3.6 C. Unit: (part per thousand; per mil). The average salinity of the world ocean is Four major factors that affect salinity: evaporation, precipitation, inflow of river water, and sea-ice formation and melting. (from Global Physical Climatology) (from Global Physical Climatology) Low density due to absorption of solar energy near the surface. Density Density and Temperature and Salinity Seawater is almost incompressible, so the density of seawater is always very close to 1000 kg/m 3. Potential density is the density that seawater with a particular salinity and temperature would have at zero water pressure (or at surface air pressure). Potential density = density 1000 kg/m 3. (from Global Physical Climatology) 2
3 Vertical Structure of Ocean Temperature Salinity Mixed Layer: T and S well mixed by winds Thermocline: large gradient of T and S Deep Ocean: T and S independent of height cold salty high nutrient level Mixed Layer Processes (from Global Physical Climatology) The depth of the mixed layer is determined by (1) the rate of buoyancy generation and (2) the rate of kinetic energy supply. The atmosphere can affect the mixed layer through three processes: heating, wind forcing, and freshening (P-E). The global-average depth of the mixed layer is about 70 m. The heat capacity of the mixed layer is about 30 times the heat capacity of the atmosphere. (from Climate System Modeling) Seasonal Variation of Mixed Layer Two Circulation Systems Summer: warm and thin. Winter: cold and deep (several hundred meters). (from Global Physical Climatology) density-driven circulation (Figure from The Earth System) wind-driven circulation 3
4 Global Surface Currents Six Great Current Circuits in the World Ocean 5 of them are geostrophic gyres: North Pacific Gyre South Pacific Gyre North Atlantic Gyre South Atlantic Gyre Indian Ocean Gyre The 6 th and the largest current: Antarctic Circumpolr Current (also called West Wind Drift) (from Climate System Modeling) Characteristics of the Gyres Volume transport unit: 1 sv = 1 Sverdrup = 1 million m 3 /sec (the Amazon river has a transport of ~0.17 Sv) Currents are in geostropic balance Each gyre includes 4 current components: two boundary currents: western and eastern two transverse currents: easteward and westward Western boundary current (jet stream of ocean) the fast, deep, and narrow current moves warm water polarward (transport ~50 Sv or greater) Eastern boundary current the slow, shallow, and broad current moves cold water equatorward (transport ~ Sv) Trade wind-driven current the moderately shallow and broad westward current (transport ~ 30 Sv) Westerly-driven current the wider and slower (than the trade wind-driven current) eastward current Major Current Names Western Boundary Current Gulf Stream (in the North Atlantic) Kuroshio Current (in the North Pacific) Brazil Current (in the South Atlantic) Eastern Australian Current (in the South Pacific) Agulhas Current (in the Indian Ocean) Eastern Boundary Current Canary Current (in the North Atlantic) California Current (in the North Pacific) Benguela Current (in the South Atlantic) Peru Current (in the South Pacific) Western Australian Current (in the Indian Ocean) Trade Wind-Driven Current North Equatorial Current South Equatorial Current Westerly-Driven Current North Atlantic Current (in the North Atlantic) North Pacific Current (in the North Pacific) 4
5 Gulf Stream Surface Current Geostrophic Gyre A river of current Jet stream in the ocean Speed = 2 m/sec Depth = 450 m Width = 70 Km Color: clear and blue Mixed Layer Currents controlled by frictional force + Coriolis force wind-driven circulation Ekman transport (horizontal direction) convergence/divergence downwelling/upwelling at the bottom of mixed layer Thermocline downwelling/upwelling in the mixed layer pressure gradient force + Coriolis force geostrophic current Sverdrup transport (horizontal) Step 1: Surface Winds Winds and Surface Currents Polar Cell Ferrel Cell Hadley Cell (Figure from The Earth System) 5
6 Step 2: Ekman Layer (frictional force + Coriolis Force) Ekman Spiral A Result of Coriolis Force (Figure from The Earth System) Formula for Ekman Transport How Deep is the Ekman Layer? D (ν/f) 1/2 ν = vertical diffusivity of momentum f = Coriolis parameter = 2Ωsinφ (from Climate System Modeling) 6
7 Ekman Transport Step 3: Geostrophic Current (Pressure Gradient Force + Corioils Foce) NASA-TOPEX Observations of Sea-Level Hight (from Oceanography by Tom Garrison) (Figure from The Earth System) Ekman Transport Convergence/Divergence (Figure from The Earth System) Surface wind + Coriolis Force Geostrophic Current Ekman Transport Forces Geostrophic Gyre Currents Thermocline Convergence/divergence (in the center of the gyre) Pressure Gradient Force Geostrophic Currents (Figure from The Earth System) 7
8 Step 4: Boundary Currents Boundary Currents Eastern boundary currents: broad and weak Western boundary currents: narrow and strong Eastern Boundary Current Costal Upwelling/Downwelling (from Global Physical Climatology) Cold water from higher latitude ocean. Costal upwelling associated with subtropical high pressure system. Atmospheric subsidence produce persistent stratiform clouds, which further cool down SSTs by blocking solar radiation. A result of Ekman transport and mass continuity. 8
9 Global Surface Currents Equatorial Current System The Equatorial Counter Current, which flows towards the east, is a partial return of water carried westward by the North and South Equatorial currents. Equatorial Under Current Deep Ocean Circulation: Density-Driven The most prominent of all eastward flows is the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). It is a swift flowing ribbon of water extending over a distance of more than 14,000 km along the equator with a thickness of only 200 m and a width of at most 400 km. The current core is found at 200 m depth in the west, rises to 40 m or less in the east and shows typical speeds of up to 1.5 m s-1. Its existence remained unknown to oceanographers until
10 Thermohaline Circulation Two Regions of Deep Water Formation Antarctic Bottom Water Salinity = Temperature = -0.5 C Density = g/cm 3 Formed at Weddell Sea Related to ice formation During Winter North Atlantic Deep Water Due to winter cooling and evaporation. Two Processes to Increase Salinity in High Latitudes Evaporation: Extremely cold, dry winter air enhances evaporation from the relatively warm ocean increase salinity in the ocean. Formation of Sea Ice: When sea ice forms, salts are left in the ocean increase salinity Ocean Water Mass Surface Water to a depth of about 200 meters Central Water to the bottom of the main thermocline Intermediate Water to about 1500 meters Deep Water below intermediate water but not in contact with the bottom Bottom Water in contact with sea floor Ocean water masses possess distinct, identifiable properties and don t often mix easily when they meet. In stead, they usually flow above or below each other. Ocean water mass can retain their identity for great distance and long periods of time. Oceanographers name water masses according to their relative position. 10
11 Formation of Water Mass Once a water parcel is removed from the surface layer its temperature and salinity do not change until it rises back up to the surface again, usually many years later. Water masses with well-defined temperature and salinity characteristics are created by surface processes in specific locations, which then sink and mix slowly with other water masses as they move along. Water masses are always identified by capitals. For example, "Bottom Water" can stand for Antarctic, Arctic, or other Bottom Water but always refers to a water mass, while water found at the bottom of an oceanic region may be referred to as "bottom water" without implying that it is a known and well defined water mass. Five Types of Air Masses Theoretically, there should be 6 types of air masses (2 moisture types x 3 temperature types). But ma-type (maritime Arctic) does not exist. ca: continental Arctic cp: continental Polar ct: continental Tropical mp: maritime Polar mt: maritime Tropical Distribution of Ekman Pumping Subduction (from Regional Oceanography) (from Regional Oceanography) 11
12 Thermohaline Conveyor Belt (Figure from Climate System Modeling) Thermohaline Circulation Thermohaline Conveyor Belt Thermo temperature Haline salinity Typical speed for deep ocean current: km/hour. Antarctic Bottom Water takes some years to travel to North Atlantic and Pacific. Density-Driven Circulation Cold and salty waters go down Warm and fresh waters go up 12
13 It Takes ~1000 Years for Deep Ocean Waters to Travel Around If we date a water parcel from the time that it leaves the surface and sink into the deep ocean Then the youngest water is in the deep north Atlantic, and the oldest water is in the deep northern Pacific, where its age is estimated to be 1000 year. The Most Unpolluted Waters are.. the waters in the deep northern Pacific. The man-released CFC and the chemical tritium and C 14, which were released through atmospheric atomic bomb test in the 1950s and 1960s, entered the deep ocean in the northern Atlantic and are still moving southward slowly. Those pollutions just cross the equator in the Atlantic They have not reached the deep northern Pacific yet!! Global Warming and Thermohaline Circulation If the warming is slow The salinity is high enough to still produce a thermohaline circulation The circulation will transfer the heat to deep ocean The warming in the atmosphere will be deferred. Sea Ice Cryosphere Land Ice If the warming is fast Surface ocean becomes so warm (low water density) No more thermohalione circulation The rate of global warming in the atmosphere will increase. (from The Blue Planet) The cryosphere is referred to all the ice near the surface of Earth: including sea ice and land ice. For climate, both the surface and the mass of ice are importance. At present, year-round ice covers 11% of the land area and 7% of the world ocean. 13
14 Seasonal Cycle of Antarctic Ice Climate Roles of Sec Ice Atmosphere Albedo Insulation Sea Ice Salinity (figures from Gloersen, P. et al. 1992; animated by D. B. Reush) Ocean Circulation Sea Ice Land Ice and Sea Level (from Earth s Climate: Past and Future) One major climate effect of sea ice is to seal off the underlying ocean from interaction with the atmosphere. Without an sea ice cover, high-latitude oceans transfers large amount of heat to the atmosphere, especially in winter. With an sea ice cover, the heat flux into the atmosphere is stopped. In addition, the ice surface absorbs little incoming solar radiation. Winter air temperature can cool 30 C or more near a sea-ice cover. The Antarctic Ice Sheet holds the equivalent in seawater of 66 meters of global sea level. The Greenland Ice Sheet holds the equivalent of 6 meters of global seawater. (from Earth s Climate: Past and Future) 14
15 Land Ice Glacial Ice Continental Ice Sheets: km in horizontal extend. 1-4 km in thickness. Two larges sheets: Antarctic Ice Sheet and Greenland Ice Sheet. (from Earth s Climate: Past and Future) Ice cores retrieve climate records extending back thousands of years in small mountain glaciers to as much as hundreds of thousands of years in continental sized ice sheets. (from Earth s Climate: Past and Future) Mountain Glaciers: a few kilometers in length and meters in width and thickness. The antarctic ice sheet has layers that extend back over 400,000 years. The Greenland ice sheet has layers that extended back 100,000 years. Interactions between Ice and Ocean Global Warming and Sea-Level Change This hypothesis argues that millennial oscillations were produced by the internal interactions among various components of the climate system. One most likely internal interaction is the one associated with the deep-water formation in the North Atlantic. Millennial oscillations can be produced from changes in northward flow of warm, salty surface water along the conveyor belt. Stronger conveyor flow releases heat that melts ice and lowers the salinity of the North Atlantic, eventually slowing or stopping the formation of deep water. Weaker flow then causes salinity to rise, completing the cycle. Thermal Expansion (11 inches) Global Warming (2.5 C by 2100) Glacier and Ice Caps (6.3 inches) Greenland Ice Sheet (2.4 inches) Sea Level Rise (19.3 inches by 2100) Antarctic Ice Sheet (-0.4 inches) (from Earth s Climate: Past and Future) 15
16 Sea Level Rise.vs. Sea Floor Sink OCEAN Sea floor After a certain amount of land-supported ice melts, in stead of saying the sea level will rise so much, we should say the oceans will get so much deeper. -- (Kivioja 2003; EOS) 16
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As far as I'm concerned, these are adorable. The 'Today I want to be' dolls, or if you speak designer Nanimarquina's native tongue, the 'Hoy quiero Ser' dolls, are customized designs that features basic dolls and many ways to dress them up.
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1945 – 2014
AUBURN — Alan K. Pray, Sr., 69, of Mechanic Falls passed away peacefully Wednesday, Nov. 26, at the Androscoggin Hospice House in Auburn surrounded by his loving family. Al was one of the most humble and honest men that you would ever find. Everyone loved Al.
He was born on Jan. 4, 1945, in Mechanic Falls, a son of Victor and Dorothy (Purington) Pray Sr. He attended local schools, graduating from Mechanic Falls High School in 1963, going on to serve in the U.S. Army until 1966.
On Aug. 19, 1967, he married the love of his life and soul mate, Penny Hill. Together they raised three wonderful children, Alan (Sonny), Shannon and Tod.
Alan started work at Central Maine Power Company in December of 1967 and worked until his retirement in 2009. He was a lineman first class and loved every minute of it. His job, after his family, was his life. He went on to work as a retiree for CMP in 2011 as a clearance holder until this past August.
Al loved going to camp and fishing on Aziscohos Lake. He also enjoyed Jeeps and had been actively restoring an old one he found in Uncle Henry's.
He is survived by his wife, Penny of Mechanic Falls; his children, Alan Pray Jr. and his wife, Leonila, of Mechanic Falls, Tod Pray and his wife, Tracey, of Minot and Shannon Bolduc and her husband, Jon, of Windham; grandchildren, Jonny and Whitney Bolduc of Windham, Isabella and Gracie Pray of Minot, Laura Stucker of Louisiana and Joshua Pousson of Germany; a brother, Vic Pray and his wife, Geraldine, of Mechanic Falls; two sisters, Cassie Smith and her husband, Rex, of Auburn and Cindy Goodwin and her husband, Peter Searsport; his beloved dog, Lucy; and many loving nieces and nephews.
He was predeceased by his parents; and a sister, Elaine Callahan.
Online condolences may be shared with his family at www.chandlerfunerals.com.
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In urban areas, the more enterprising retailers provide credit and home-delivery. The cold chain challenge The team had tried distributing through third-party distributors for Hokey Pokey, but realised that the cold chain network in India was broken.
He realised he wanted to be a food entrepreneur in India, and started making plans for the ice cream venture, Hokey Pokey.
Finally, both the RS and wholesalers will service betweenretailers throughout the country. Catamaran Ventures-backed ethnic drinks brand Paper Boat and ready-to-cook brand ID Foods are two of the more successful brands that have come up in the past decade.
For the Indian consumer the bar was can I make this easily at home? Online retail is expected to be at par with the physical stores in the next five years.
Recovering from the double impact of demonetisation and GST implementation, FMCG companies and consumer durable firms are pinning hopes on that improved market sentiment will bring them back to the growth path.
The robustness of the model was put to test against historical instances of slowdown, and precision levels were found to be high. Rohan Mirchandani, the NRI in question, chalks it all down to serendipity. Especially for products like theirs with Distribution of fmcg in india past short shelf life.
However, the need for accuracy demands that we narrow this list down to eliminate those factors that are dependent on variables, like seasonal changes. The team also realised that while the Indian palate is defined even McDonalds had to famously Indianise its menuconsumers are willing to experiment within that hence the success of a McAloo tikka burger.
Radhika P Nair Mumbai-based startup Drums Food International has tasted success with its Greek yogurt brand, Epigamia, which retails through over 8, distribution points in five top cities. InFIIs and companies converted funds raised locally into foreign currency to tackle external obligations, resulting in a depreciation of the rupee.
This structure involves redistribution stockists, wholesalers, and retailers. We want to bring a contemporary, modern-day twist to Indian food. Special drawing rate SDR effectively monitors depreciation of currency. Hence, it becomes even more imperative to consider the manufacturing sector as a determinant in this case, the dependent variable in our model for an accurate predictive model.
With the hurdles now history, the companies, especially electronic goods and appliances makers, are gearing up to bring innovative products to woo consumers to showrooms in With the streamlining of the process after GST implementation behind them, the companies feel that the prospects of good economic growth, coupled with a revival in demand and consumption, will help them overcome the hit they took in volumes and profits in With the hurdles now history, the companies, especially electronic goods and appliances makers, are gearing up to bring innovative products to woo consumers to showrooms in The number of stockists used by a single FMCG manufacturer for all-India distribution may run up to a few thousand and these stockists may cover over a million retailers using systematic physical distribution.
The Central Statistical Organisation of the Government of India has in the past carried out a trade census which yielded useful. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ON FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS with regard to the FMCG distribution system in the rural markets. AugustVolume: I, Issue: VIII 20 RURAL FMCG DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TABLE- 3: PERIOD OF USING FMCG Past 6 months months yrs yrs More than 5 yrs.
FMCG, White Goods Makers Pin Hopes on to Erase Past Woes both in rural and urban markets," Dabur India CFO Lalit Malik told PTI. Among many challenges, the biggest disruption was caused in the distribution network for FMCG companies." Dabur India CFO Lalit Malik said: "In the short term, both demonetisation and GST impacted.
Manisha International Pvt. Ltd. Was incorporated on 16th March with the objective of establishing a well knit and efficient distribution system for imported FMCG items in India. Over the past nineteen years the company has successfully established a sound and very well knit distribution network in all major metros and a category cities.
further we will study role of distribution channel in fmcg via analysing role distribution channel in india's top most fmcg company which is hindustan uniilever limited(hul).
Hindustan Unilever Limited5/5(17). An Overview of Indian FMCG Sector. tablished distribution network, low operating cost, lower per. • Consumer Income: Over the past few years, India has.Download


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Forms. Application for a Permanent Resident. Card (IMM ). Supplementary Identification Form. (IMM ). Document Checklist (IMM ). Receipt (IMM. Jun 20, Hi, On the checklist it states this form has to be signed in the box in black ink and the photo correctly attached. The form states the photo has to. Fill Formulaire De Renseignements Supplementaires Imm, download blank -B SUPPLEMENTARY IDENTIFICATION FORM RENSEIGNEMENTS SUPPL.
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You may also phone our Call Centre. No partnership has been implied or created between LibraryOfLegalForms and you. If your application is incomplete, you will receive a letter asking you to provide the missing documents, information or fees. This application is made available free by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and is not to be sold to applicants.
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Thomas, Jerlyn & Hayden Murphy
Friday, April 25, 2014
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Both have on headphones... Both doing their own thing.... However, the comfort lies in not being alone.
Oh how grateful I am that Chad moved in down the street. It has been a blessing for Hayden in countless ways. And been an answer to more prayers than I can possibly count. This scene..:oh how it makes my heart smile.
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