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A RENFREWSHIRE school is filling up its bookshelves, thanks to a donation from one of the UK's largest residential developers.
Bishopton Primary received a £250 donation from Taylor Wimpey West Scotland to celebrate World Book Day.
The school now plans to get more pupils reading by using the cash boost to add to its library collection.
Lorna Campbell, the school's literacy champion, said: "I would like to say a big thank you to Taylor Wimpey on behalf of everyone at our school. We really appreciate their donation.
"Books are a great way to fire up children's imaginations and to teach them about the world around them, so it's fantastic to be able to add some new titles to our school."
The school, which is near Taylor Wimpey's new Dargavel Village development, also received a copy of the company's children's book How we build your home with Millie Mortar and Handy Andy, which aims to educate children about housebuilding.
Audrey Ross, the firm's sales and marketing director, said: "We hope our book will become a firm favourite with the children, explaining to them how the new homes in their area are built, as well as present some important health and safety messages about staying safe in building sites."


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Exterior Features
- Lot Size: 43560.000000
- Stories: 0
- Central Air: Central A/C
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Community Details
- Grade School: Louisville Academy
- Junior High School: Louisville
- High School: Jefferson County
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- County: JEFFERSON
- Property Type: Single Family Detached
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- Annual Taxes: 568
- Year Built: 2005

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Includes 333 verbs, listed alphabetically; idioms and expressions for each verb; full facing page of usage examples for the top 50 verbs; one-stop, at-a-glance verb-tense profiles; more than 2,200 verbs cross-referenced to models; a handy guide to deciphering irregular verb forms; and an English index to the model verbs.
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Bread And Butter Fills The Void
Contributed by Dr. Ronald Shultz on May 7, 2005 (message contributor)
Summary: The world is dying on junk food. Are you giving them the right Bread and do you butter it well?
Bread And Butter Fills The Void
"Atheism is the philosophy, both moral and ethical, most perfectly suited for a scientific civilization. If we work for the American Atheists today, Atheism will be ready to fill the void of Christianity's demise when science and evolution triumph.
"Without a doubt, humans and civilization are in sore need of the intellectual cleanness and mental health of Atheism."
– G. Richard Bozarth, The Meaning of Evolution, American Atheist, p. 30, September 20, 1979
For more got to www.answersingenesis.org
Actually, in many ways Atheism itself is dying, but it is still a thorn in the side. A greater threat to the world is the resurgence of paganism. Men are born with a void that is meant to be filled by God. Many outspoken atheists are really fighting what they know in their core to be true, Even Mao-Tse-Tung is reported to have said on his deathbed that he was going to meet his maker. I thought he was an atheist? Similar stories have been told of Voltaire and other atheists that found that their theory worked fairly well for living but utterly failed for dying.
There are sincere agnostics and skeptics and these folks can be reached with suitable apologetics followed by a proper presentation of the Gospel. Hard-core atheists crack when their faith system fails them so there is still hope for them. It is when someone fills that void with a false god or "another gospel" that the spiritual battle is the hardest. A false religion fills the void by deception. It is like a ladder rung that looks OK on the outside but is rotten within and when stepped on breaks and causes injury or death depending on how far up the rung is on the ladder and how great the fall. By God's grace, the fall does occur for many before they step on that last rung at death and they are lost forever.
The sad part is that people get so accustomed to the fake that they cannot appreciate the genuine. My wife and I grew up on real butter not Parkay or other margarines and substitutes. When we had an opportunity to get some really wonderful genuine butter we were thrilled but the kids spat it out and called it yuck!!! They had lived on the man made for too long thus the natural or God made had no appeal.
So it is with spiritual things. Men have filled their hearts with the fluff and rotted wood of man made religion, be it scientific, pagan or even "Christian", that God's offer of a solid and more rewarding filling of that void holds no value. They feel good about what they have so why change? They go on contently not considering that many people have felt good until they dropped like a rock of a massive coronary or were told that the tests show they have three weeks to live. Many will feel perfectly good about their fake filling until it is ripped out at death and they find themselves empty and without hope.
Ps 14:1 The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good. (KJV)
Rom 1:21-22
21 Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, (KJV)
Many, many unbelievers fall in these passages. Psalms says that the folks that claim there is no God are fools. He calls them that and He has the right to do so for He has all knowledge and dominion. The dominion part is what they do not want so they just dismiss Him. That is like hearing a judge pass sentence and saying that there is no judge and trying to walk out of the courtroom though you are handcuffed and shackled. Thinking in your heart does not make it so. These folks have the worst kind of heart disease for it is more fatal than an MI. If they don't get this heart disease cured they will die the second death. They need a heart transplant from God.
Many also claim that their wisdom has ruled out God or at least changed how He functions and even His character. Most of the folks who start cults and are cult members heard at one time the truth and even gave mental assent to that truth. Some were even pastor or missionary kids, yet, they did not want God's dominion on them or they did not like the way He was so they dreamed up or thought out great "new" theologies and had "visions" of their desire for how a god ought to be. Some just wiped Him out of their minds completely through denial and delusion. They even deny the facts in front of them using pseudo-science to interpret the facts creating lies instead of accepting the truth.


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Program Library, Documentation and Record Management
- Describe the four types and levels of documentation, their value, and to whom they hold valuable.
- Describe the basic elements in a record retention and destruction system.
- Describe the source program library management system (SPLMS) and its role in controlling application development.
- Describe the conditions under which record must be retained versus the conditions under which they must be destroyed.
- Give examples of the conditions under which each type of documentation would be valuable.
- Give examples of the value of quality documentation to organizations.
I. Program Library, Documentation and Record Management
A. Source code programs are normally maintained in a library under secure storage (the source program library, or SPL) that is maintained by a file librarian. The library, or an archive of the library, should be off-site and built to deal with fires, floods, and other natural disasters. It (obviously) must include the same logical and physical controls as are built into the organization's other data processing and storage sites.
B. When new programs are developed or old programs modified, the SPLMS manages the migration from the application development test environment to the active production library.
C. The SPLMS makes sure that only valid changes are made to the system by checking for all necessary authorizations, and for program modifications, by comparing the new source code to the old source code. Only after verification does the program migrate to the SPL.
D. Authorized versions of major programs should be maintained in a secure, off-site location. (The external auditor frequently maintains these files.)
II. Purpose of Documentation
A. Documentation of Accounting System is Required:
- It is required by law, as mentioned, in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and SOX
- To build and evaluate complex systems
- For training
- For creating sustainable/survivable systems
- For auditing (internal and external)
- For process (re-engineering)
III. Levels of Documentation - Four levels of documentation should be maintained; documentation at each level generally includes flowcharts and narrative descriptions. These levels of documentation are mentioned below:
- Systems Documentation -
- This type of documentation overviews the program and data files. It also overlooks the processing of logic and interactions with each other's programs and systems. It often includes narrative descriptions, flowcharts and data flow diagrams. It is also used primarily by systems developers and it can also be useful to auditors.
- Program Documentation -
- A program documentation is a detailed analysis of the input data, the program logic, and the data output consists of program flowcharts, source code listings, and record layouts etc. It is used primarily by programmers; program documentation is an important resource if the original programmer is unavailable.
- Operator Documentation (Also called the "Run Manual") -
- In large computer systems, operator documentation provides information necessary to execute the program such as the required equipment, data files, and computer supplies, execution commands, error messages, verification procedures, and an expected output; used exclusively by the computer operators.
- User Documentation -
- Describes the system from the point of view of the end user, provides instructions on how and when to submit data and request reports, procedures for verifying the accuracy of the data and correcting errors.
NOTE: All of the preceding controls are general and preventive.
IV. Forms of Documentation -
Multiple forms of documentation facilitate the process of creating, documenting, auditing and evaluating accounting systems. Important forms of documentation include the following:
A. Questionnaires - Ask about the use of specific procedures.
B. Narratives - Text descriptions of processes.
C. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
- Portray business processes, stores of data, and flows of data among these elements
- Often used in developing new systems
- Use simple, user-friendly symbols (unlike flowcharts)
- For example, a DFD for the delivery of goods to a customer would include a symbol for the warehouse from which the goods are shipped and a symbol representing the customer. It would not show details, such as computer processing and paper output.
D. Flowcharts
- For example, system flowcharts, present a comprehensive picture of the management, operations, information systems and process controls embodied in business processes.
- Often used to evaluate controls in a system
- Too complicated and technical for some users. DFDs are easier to understand.
E. Entity-Relationship (E-R) Diagrams - Model relationships between entities and data in accounting systems.
F. Decision Tables - Depict logical relationships in a processing system by identifying the decision points and processing alternatives that derive from those decision points.
V. Record Retention and Destruction
A. Source documents, preferably in electronic form, must be retained as required by organizational policy, business needs, external or internal audit requirements, or applicable law (e.g. the IRS or HIPPAA) or regulation.
B. Organizations must have a plan to make sure that retained records are kept confidential and secure often under the logical control of the originating departments.
C. In some cases, laws, regulations or good business practices require the regular, systematic destruction of old records such as medical or credit histories, juvenile or criminal records. Record destruction must follow a systematic, controlled process and must not be haphazard (e.g. thrown into a dumpster).
- For example, privacy laws in about 31 U.S. states require that personal records be destroyed after a fixed time period.
Study together. Pass together.
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Stearns Adult Comfort Series Rip-Stop Nylon PFD
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Impact of U.S. Shale Oil Revolution on the Global Oil Market, the Price of Oil & Peak Oil
- Malcolm Eaton
- 2 years ago
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1 International Association for Energy Economics 27 Impact of U.S. Shale Oil Revolution on the Global Oil Market, the Price of Oil & Peak Oil By Mamdouh G. Salameh* Introduction Much has been written about the United States shale oil revolution. Some sources like the International Energy Agency (IEA) went as far as to predict that the United States will overtake Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the world s biggest oil producer by 2020 and energy self-sufficient by Others called it a game changer with a new emerging balance of power in the global oil market. Yet others were in such a state of euphoria about the success of American shale oil production to say that it may deny OPEC the power to set global oil prices and that the world oil industry won t be the same in the wake of shale. Some also claimed that the idea of peak oil had gone in flames. The above claims aside, given recent increases in U.S. shale oil and gas production, it is now clear that these resources might play some role in non-opec supply prospects. However, it begs the questions: what is the potential contribution of shale oil to future global oil supply? Will the high development costs, and environmental impacts and challenges affect this potential? And will it be possible to replicate the U.S. success story globally? U.S. shale oil production is projected to increase from about 1 million barrels a day (mbd) in 2012 to 2 mbd in 2020 possibly reaching 3 mbd by However, this increase would hardly offset the normal annual depletion rate of 3%-5% in U.S. conventional oil production, estimated at 1.2 mbd 2.0 mbd during the same period. 3 With regard to the economics of U.S. shale oil development, the drilling and completion costs for a horizontal shale oil well currently range from $4 to $6 million. This relatively high cost arises from the steep first year decline rate of 70% - 90% for the wells. Nevertheless, a break-even oil price of $72-$80/ barrel suggests that most shale oil plays are profitable at current oil price levels. 4 This article will argue that U.S. shale oil production would hardly make a dent in the global oil supplies as it would largely offset the decline in U.S. conventional oil production. It will also argue that the U.S. would never be able to overtake Saudi Arabia or Russia in oil production and would continue to be dependent on oil imports for the foreseeable future. The article will conclude that the U.S. shale oil boom would not be easy to replicate in the rest of the world nor would it invalidate the peak oil concept. Shale Oil Reserves Although no serious attempts have been made yet to analyze the size of the U.S. shale resources, it seems that even if the in-place volumes are large, reserves will not be as high due to very low recovery factors, presently in the range of 1% to 10% with few exceptions. It is one thing having huge resources of shale oil in-place and quite another turning them into a sizeable production capacity. 5 According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration s (EIA s) 2012 Energy Outlook, the unproved technically-recoverable shale and tight oil resources in the U.S. were estimated in 2010 at 33 billion barrels (bb), with recoverable shale gas resources about 480 trillion cubic feet (tcf). For the latter, it is worth mentioning that this level is almost half that reported (827 tcf) a year earlier. It is a further indication of the large uncertainties still associated with recoverable resource estimates. 6 U.S. Shale Oil Potential U.S. shale oil production is projected to increase from about 1 mbd in 2012 to 2 mbd in 2020 before it plateaus at 3 mbd by 2025 and then starts its downward trend. Total U.S. oil production is projected to increase from 6.41 mbd in 2012 to a projected 7.50 mbd in 2019 (see Table 1). After 2020 production begins declining gradually to 6.1 mbd by 2035 through to 2040 as producers develop sweet spots first and then move to less productive or less profitable drilling areas. 7 Oil imports are projected to decline from 65% of consumption in 2012 to 60% by 2019 before they resume their rise reaching 68% by This means that there is neither a chance for the United States ever to become self-sufficient in oil nor to overtake either Saudi Arabia or Russia in oil production. Assessing the producible reserves of a shale/tight oil formation is a compli- * Mamdouh G. Salameh is an international oil economist, a consultant to the World Bank in Washington, DC and a technical expert of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in Vienna. Dr. Salameh is Director of the Oil Market Consultancy Service in the UK and a member of both the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in London and the Royal Institute of International Affairs. He is also a member of the Energy Institute in London and an advisor of the Oil Depletion Analysis Centre (ODAC) in the UK. See footnotes at end of text.
2 28 Third Quarter Production Consumption Net Imports As a % of Consumption 65% 64% 63% 62% 61% 60% 60% 64% 66% 68% Table 1 U.S. Current & Projected Crude Oil Production, Consumption & Imports, Sources: OPEC World Oil Outlook 2112 / BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2012 / EIA Early Overview of Annual Energy Outlook 2013 (AEO2013) / Author s Estimates. (mbd) cated process. Each shale formation is different and the properties within an individual field (porosity, permeability, etc.) can sometimes vary from well to well. Furthermore, the rapid output increase and decline of shale/tight oil-producing wells further complicates matters and makes shale/ tight oil operations a drilling-intensive activity thus significantly adding to the costs of production. 8 Can the U.S. Overtake Saudi Arabia & Russia as Top Oil Producer? Reports about the U.S. shale oil boom being a game changer have proliferated after the November 2012 s prediction by the IEA that the United States will overtake Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the world s biggest oil producer by 2020 and energy self-sufficient by While such rosy forecasts play well to the IEA s audience, which is largely American, they are not borne out by the realities of the global oil market. The IEA said it saw U.S. oil production rising to mbd by 2020 and overtaking Saudi Arabia and Russia at mbd and mbd respectively (see Table 2). Allowing for the slow shale oil production and the steep depletion in U.S. conventional oil production United States Saudi Arabia Russia Table 2 IEA Projections of U.S., Saudi Arabia & Russia s Oil Production Source: IEA s Annual Energy Outlook ranging from 3%-5% per annum, the projected U.S. production by 2020 would amount to no more than 7.40 mbd, far less than the IEA projection of mbd and far below the projected production of Saudi Arabia and Russia. Moreover, that level of shale oil production is probably only sustainable for a couple of years because of the early peak and steep first year decline in shale production rates in new wells. Another claim that does not stand up to scrutiny is that the success of American shale oil production has the potential to deny OPEC the power to set global oil prices and could also shift the balance of power in global energy markets. 9 That is not going to happen since the world is projected to become increasingly dependent after 2020 on OPEC whose share of world oil production will rise to 48% from 42% now World Oil Demand World Oil Supply Non-OPEC OPEC U.S. Shale oil Demand / Supply Deficit * Shale oil as % of Global Supply 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 3% Table 3 World Oil Demand & Supply, Source: OPEC: World Oil Outlook 2012 / IEA, World Energy Outlook 2012 / BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2012 / EIA, Energy Outlook 2012 / Author s projections. * The demand/supply deficit is accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels. Otherwise it will be reflected in higher oil prices. U.S. Shale Oil Contribution to Global Oil Supplies In 2012 U.S. shale oil production contributed 1% to global oil supplies and this is projected to rise to 2% by 2019 possibly reaching 3% by 2025 (see Table 3). Such a level of production will hardly make a dent in global oil supplies. Total non-opec supply increases by 1.3 mbd over the period. The key sources of supply driving this growth are rising shale oil production from the U.S., Canadian oil sands and crude oil from the Caspian and Brazil. Impact on the U.S. Economy So far the only estimate of the broader impacts of the combined shale oil and gas production on the U.S. economy has been made by Citigroup, according to which the cumulative impact of new production and reduced consumption could increase real U.S.
3 International Association for Energy Economics 29 GDP by 2% to 3.3%, or by $370 bn to $624 bn and add as many as 3.6 million new jobs by In addition, the shale oil & gas revolution may substantially help reduce the U.S. account deficit which, currently is running a negative 3% of GDP, by anywhere from 1.2% of GDP to 2.4% of GDP. 11 A surprise bonus of the shale gas boom in the U.S. is a coal boom overseas according to IEA sources. U.S. Coal, displaced at home by shale gas, is finding its way overseas particularly to the European Union, India and China. Meanwhile, manufacturers in the U.S. have announced more than $90 bn worth of investments to take advantage of cheap natural gas which appears to be driving the country s industrial renaissance. 12 Can OPEC Disrupt U.S. Shale Oil Production Surge? According to OPEC Secretary General Abdullah Al-Badry, OPEC does not see increased U.S. oil output as a threat to its interests but is skeptical about industry estimates that U.S. shale production could amount to 3 mbd within 20 years as well as forecasts of U.S. energy independence. 13 Fears that OPEC will boost output to push down oil prices are misplaced. OPEC s ability to push prices lower to disrupt new emerging sources of supply is constrained by members higher fiscal needs, a result of the social turmoil unleashed by the Arab Spring. 14 Saudi Arabia and other major OPEC producers need oil prices on average at $95/barrel to sustain the extra spending. On the other hand, U.S. shale developments need prices of $72-$80/barrel to break even. Even if U.S. benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil drops 30% from the current price of $86/ barrel, U.S. shale oil producers would continue producing. Saudi Arabia can t afford a decline of that magnitude after the government pledged an unprecedented $630 bn on social welfare and building projects. The Kingdom couldn t meet these commitments if prices fell 25% from the current $111/barrel. The Problems Looming over U.S. Shale Oil Among the major obstacles to unlocking the huge potential of the shale oil plays in the U.S. is the lack of an adequate infrastructure to transport and refine oil and the rules governing overall U.S. domestic oil movements. Oil can t move freely throughout the United States or be exported from the country. 15 Theoretically, the possibility of exporting U.S. crude oil could address these questions, but U.S. laws ban oil exports for the sake of national security except for modest volumes which must be authorized by federal authorities. There is also the difficulty of what to do in the future with the excess natural gas associated with shale/tight oil production. This has already led to the collapse of gas prices in early 2012 and could in the future complicate the overall economics of shale/tight oil production and even the feasibility of fully deploying its potential. 16 Another looming problem would be the inevitable rising costs of services, rigs, labour and pipelines, caused by inflationary pressure from the frenetic activity throughout the shale/tight oil and gas sector. 17 The Environmental Impact of Shale Oil Production Shale oil and gas are extracted by pumping water, sand and chemicals into the ground at high pressure to crack rocks open, a process known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. However, hydraulic fracturing is increasingly perceived as contributing to water and land contamination, causing natural gas infiltration into fresh water aquifers, and even triggering earthquakes. Moreover, the intensive use of water will increasingly impose additional costs and could threaten the viability of projects for shale oil and gas. A shale oil well requires between 4 and 5 million gallons of water. 18 This may exacerbate water shortages in states where water availability is already a problem. Therefore, the oil industry needs to develop technological solutions to minimize water use, minimize and report chemical use, and carefully monitor production sites. However, if such a collective effort by industry does not materialize, the government may respond with more onerous regulation in the near future that could impact U.S. shale oil production U.S. Oil Independence Since the first oil crisis in 1973, the notion of U.S. oil independence has been of great importance in U.S. political debate. Yet oil self-sufficiency may be important only in cases of major wars, when the disruption of sizeable foreign oil supplies could endanger the military effort or the country s self-defence. In all other cases, one must never forget that the oil market is global and fungible, and a country can t be insulated from what is happening in the rest of the world even if it is self-sufficient in oil. Oil independence is not really the issue confronting the U.S. economy. The real issue is the price needed to get the oil out of the ground. 19 American oil independence is not going to change the reality of
4 30 Third Quarter 2013 triple-digit oil prices. On the contrary, oil prices may have to climb much higher, possibly to $200/barrel for the IEA s forecast about U.S. shale oil production to come true. U.S. Shale Oil Production Versus the Oil Price With U.S. shale oil production surging and profitability for U.S. domestic oil producers high and also with no change in sight to U.S. rules preventing crude oil exports, it is projected that WTI prices could fall to $50/barrel over the next 24 months to force a slowdown in supply growth or a change in crude oil export rules. The U.S. crude oil market could come to resemble the natural gas market where a huge shale gas production has led to a collapse of the gas prices in the U.S. This is exactly the situation with shale oil production now. U.S. shale oil producers have no reason to stop pumping. So the bottom line is: large production, low breakeven costs, low financing costs, and tight capacity across the entire petroleum infrastructure. The ingredients are there for a price collapse. The real issue facing the U.S. economy isn t the availability of oil but the price needed to get it out of the ground. That Brent oil is hovering near $111 /barrel is a clear signal of U.S. growing dependence on the very unconventional sources of supply being championed in the IEA report. Getting oil out of the ground has never been more expensive. Just look at the pullback in capital spending among oil sands operators in Canada. And costs are only going up from here. Forecasts of exponential growth in U.S. shale oil ignore some very real challenges with it such as wells that deplete at a rate of more than 40%, even in rich fields like Eagle Ford in Texas and the Bakken in North Dakota. The real reason that once-marginal sources of supply such as shale oil have been catapulted to prominence is soaring global oil prices. Without higher prices, no one would be chasing shale oil. However, the higher the price of oil, the less of it our economies can afford to burn. If global economic growth is already grinding to a halt when oil prices are around $111/barrel, what do you think would happen to economic growth and hence global oil demand if prices reached the even higher levels needed to make the IEA s supply dreams come true. Just like the forecasts the IEA made a decade ago about the much anticipated increase in deep-water production from the Gulf of Mexico, the agency s hopes for another game changer are unlikely to pan out. Has U.S. Shale Oil Production Made Peak Oil Redundant? Claims that the idea of peak oil had gone in flames as a result of surging U.S. shale oil production, are not borne out by the realities in the global oil market. Conventional oil production peaked in Also nine of the top oil producers in the world have already peaked: USA peaked in 1971, Canada 1973, Iran 1974, Indonesia 1977, Russia in 1987, UK 1999, Norway 2001, Mexico 2002 and Saudi Arabia Moreover, three of the world s largest oilfields have already peaked: Kuwait s Burgan, Mexico s Cantarell and Saudi Arabia s Ghawar. 20 The world is currently consuming just over 32 bb a year, yet on average finding just over 6.80 bb a year. Over the period , only 23 percent of the global oil production has been replaced by new discoveries or by enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Should we worry about peak oil? Our world is completely dependent on oil. The most critical factor determining the performance of the world economy is access to inexpensive oil. With more than fifty oil-producing countries now in decline, focus on the oil-rich Middle East has sharpened dramatically but as this region nears its own oil peak probably this year, any relief it can provide is limited and temporary. Therefore, the pressure on the oil price will continue unabated in coming years. However, the fact that the oil price has been hovering near $110-$111/barrel for the last three years despite the worst global recession the world has ever witnessed, and the rush for the development of expensive unconventional oil resources are a proof that the peak oil theory is valid and alive. Can the U.S. Shale Success be Replicated Elsewhere? The U.S. shale success can t be easily replicated in other areas of the world at least in a short period of time due not only to the huge resource base of shale oil existing in the U.S., but also to some unique features of the U.S. oil industry and market. 21 In the U.S. individuals and companies may own property rights on mineral resources, while in most parts of the world these rights belong to states only. This fact gives a huge incentive to land owners to lease their property rights and to the oil industry to lease or buy them.
5 International Association for Energy Economics 31 Another major feature is the presence of thousands of independent oil companies that historically played the role of pioneering new frontiers. Yet another feature is the presence of several financial institutions, funds, capital ventures, and equity firms that are eager to fund independent companies. A final unique feature is the broad availability and flexible market of drilling rigs and other essential tools of exploration and production. For instance, the U.S. and Canada have about 65% of all drilling rigs existing in the world. 22 These features which don t exist in other parts of the world make the U.S. a sort of unique play for experimentation and innovation. Conclusions While U.S. shale oil production will probably have a positive impact on domestic oil production and the level of oil imports, it will hardly make a dent in the global oil supply. Total U.S. oil production oil will peak at 7.50 mbd in 2019 before it starts to decline reaching 6.10 mbd by This means that there is neither a chance for the United States ever to become self-sufficient in oil nor to overtake either Saudi Arabia or Russia in oil production. Moreover, the U.S. will never be in a position to deny OPEC the power to set global oil prices. However, the biggest obstacles to an expansion of U.S. shale oil production would be a backlash against its adverse impact on the environment, lack of oil transport and refining infrastructure and rising costs of production. Without higher prices exceeding $100/barrel, no one would be chasing shale oil. The U.S. shale oil boom would not be easy to replicate in the rest of the world nor will it invalidate the concept of peak oil. Footnotes 1 The International Energy Agency s (IEA s) Annual Energy Outlook OPEC s World Oil Outlook 2012, pp This is calculated on the basis of 3%-5% annual depletion rate of U.S. conventional oil production between 2012 & 2020 and estimated at 1.2 mbd-2.0 mbd. A1 mbd increase in shale oil production during the same period will partially offset the decline in conventional oil but leave a deficit of 200,000 b/d -1 mbd. 4 OPEC s World Oil Outlook 2012, p Ibid., p Ibid., pp EIA s Annual Energy Outlook 2013 Early Overview (AEO2013), released on 5 December, 2012, p.8. 8 Leonardo Maugeri, Oil: The Next Revolution (a paper published by Belfer Centre for Science & International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School, June 2012), p Bloomberg report accessed through 10 Leonardo Maugeri, Oil: The Next Revolution, p. 45 & p Ed Morse, Move Over OPEC Here We Come, Wall Street Journal, March 20, ED Crooks, Financial Times, December 14, That is what OPEC Secretary General, Mr Abdullah Al-Badry told a press conference held during the OPEC oil Ministers conference in December, 2012 and reported by Associated Press (AP) on 13 December, Javier Blas, OPEC Unlikely to Disrupt U.S. Shale Boom, Financial Times, December 12, Leonardo Maugeri, Oil: The Next Revolution, p Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., pp , Jeff Rubin, When Shale Oil Won t Save You at the Pumps, the Globe & Mail, Toronto, Canada, November 20 Mamdouh G Salameh, The Changing Oil Fundamentals: Impact on the Global Oil Market & Energy Security (A paper given at the ECSSR 17th Annual Conference, November 1-2, 2011, Abu Dhabi, UAE), p Leonardo Maugeri, Oil: The Next Revolution, p Ibid., p. 46.
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|Lola Dell Lambert (Larrowe)
Lola Dell Larrowe, Daughter of Clara & Joe
Lambert, Clara is sister of Minerva
Edgington Hughes.
Lawrence Larrowe Pastor of 73 Beekman
St., Plattsburgh, N.Y.
May 1961 moved to Troy, N.Y. where
Lawrence is Dist. Supt.
This photo is from the Edgington Estate Collection,
found on this site in the Edgington Family Album.


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The 2015 Formula 18 World Championship on July 14-18 will have a historic number of entries, with now 198 teams from 23 countries coming to Kiel, Germany. While only a few will stand on the podium, everyone has a chance to get caught on camera. But just like winning races, there is a skill to capturing the photographer's attention. Here's a Top 10 list of how to win the 'other' race at the Worlds.
Scuttlebutt Sailing News – Tips on How to Win the 'Other' Race, Editor
Click here to submit your Sailing News.


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Ron Paul ASU Nov 19,2010Morpheus Titania
Tempe Arizona - Barry Goldwater Jr. introduces Congressman Ron Paul to the students and visitors at Arizona State University. Ron Paul was a Student at Duke University where he became a fan of Hayek. In 1984 and 1988 Ron Paul ran for president as


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Cushion Spinel Succession Ring
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18K Yellow Gold, .75ct Spinel, Diamond, Satin Finish
Item #gr311-10-0291


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Transense Technologies reveals new contract
These systems are to be supplied on a rental and service basis via WATS, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rana Motors & Metal Works Engineering.
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OTR Tyres, WATS, sales and services director Vibi Chandra said: "Having conducted extensive trials over the course of the last 18 months we have chosen iTrack because its combination of live alerts and extensive suite of data analytics is crucial to enhancing our offering as tyre service providers.
"West Africa is a region with dozens of mines and hundreds of haul trucks and it is our intention to introduce our new enhanced service to our existing portfolio of mines as well as other mines across the region.
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Other Cottages & Accommodation in the UK
St Benets
Sleeps: 8
St Benets, a thatched cottage with a large garden, is situated just outside Ludham, a village which has a lovely church, shops and pubs near Wroxham in Norfolk. This area of waterways known as the…
more info on St Benets
Old Cottage
Sleeps: 8
This wondrous thatched cottage sits in the quiet coastal village of Sea Palling on a tranquil private road. Only a short stroll from the beach, this property is great for families wishing to spend…
more info on Old Cottage
The White House
Sleeps: 8
A tastefully restored 15th Century farmhouse in the peaceful village of Great snoring. The White House is in an excellent location just off the Norfolk coast with the nearby beaches and market towns…
more info on The White House
The Forge
Sleeps: 8
The Forge is a commodious cottage with easy access to Norfolk's coast and countryside. Thoughtfully restored it retains much of its orginal charm but is well equipped for modern living.The large and…
more info on The Forge
Hawthorne Cottage
Sleeps: 8
This pretty thatched cottage dates from the early 18th Century and features both front and rear gardens, a warm and welcoming interior and a peaceful charm. Comfortably furnished, it has been…
more info on Hawthorne Cottage
Sleeps: 8
Stylishly furnished and equipped to a high standard, Stranraer provides contemporary high quality accommodation which is large enough for families. Located on a peaceful lane in this tranquil coastal…
more info on Stranraer
St Benets, a spacious bungalow with an enclosed garden, is situated a few minutes walk from the quay in Blakeney, a charming coastal village in North Norfolk with its shops, pubs and restaurants,…
Smugglers Retreat
Sleeps: 8
Wells next the Sea is a highly desirable holiday destination, and Smuggler's Retreat offers spacious and characterful accommodation in the town itself. Enjoy the beach, quay and shops or explore…
more info on Smugglers Retreat
Breeze Barn
Sleeps: 8
This converted barn has a secluded garden and is situated in a very quiet and peaceful area of Bawdeswell. The surrounding area offers many fine pubs and restaurants, with local shops a short walk…
more info on Breeze Barn
The Coach House
Sleeps: 8
The Coach House, spacious and refurbished to a high standard, is situated in the North Norfolk village of Brinton, and offers guests the use of the owner's swimming pool, sauna and tennis court at…
more info on The Coach House
Foden Lodge
Sleeps: 8
Tucked away on the outskirts of a lovely small village, this property has a newly-built lodge aesthetic and features high-quality furnishings and utilities making a guest's stay simple and enjoyable.…
more info on Foden Lodge
Elm Barn
Sleeps: 8
Constituting one of a line of three beautiful barn conversions, this property has been skilfully converted featuring many original features, comfortable furniture and modern utilities. In particular,…
more info on Elm Barn
17 Smugglers Close
Sleeps: 8
17 Smugglers Close, a spacious detached property next to a golf course in Hunstanton in North Norfolk, is an ideal location to explore the nature reserves of Titchwell, Holme and Scolt Head, lovely…
more info on 17 Smugglers Close
The Old Hall
Sleeps: 8
The Old Hall, a spacious house in the coastal village of Happisburgh, pronounced 'Haisbro', in North East Norfolk, is close to the beach. The market towns of Stalham and North Walsham are a short…
more info on The Old Hall
Orchard Cottage
Sleeps: 8
This fantastic accommodation is perfect for large families and groups. With solar panels and a woodburner, guests can relax in this well-kept, cosy accommodation in peace. Only three miles from the…
more info on Orchard Cottage
Sleeps: 8
This beautiful converted barn dates from the 18th century and features French-style architecture providing wonderful accommodation for family and friends to gather. Featuring comfortable furniture,…
more info on Micklegate
Dairy Cottage
Sleeps: 8
Dairy Cottage is a smart and spacious property in the heart of Brancaster on the North Norfolk coast. The property has a playroom and its situation in a village with sandy beach, tennis court, coastal…
more info on Dairy Cottage
Malthouse Farm
Sleeps: 8
Malthouse Farm, a restored period house in extensive grounds, is situated in the village of Heacham close to Holme and Hunstanton beaches on the North West Norfolk coast. Norfolk Lavender is a company…
more info on Malthouse Farm
Flaxmans Farmhouse
Sleeps: 8
Flaxmans Farmhouse is part of an award winning Grade II listed complex and offers beautiful, spacious, family accommodation.Size: Sleeps up to 8, 4 bedrooms Nearest beach: 3 Miles Short breaks:…
more info on Flaxmans Farmhouse
Point Farm Barn
Sleeps: 8
Point Farm Barn is a converted late 18th century red brick barn retaining many of its original features which compliment its modern renovation.Size: Sleeps up to 6 + 2 children, 4 bedrooms Nearest…
more info on Point Farm Barn
The Old Paul Pry
Sleeps: 8
The Old Paul Pry, a former Ale house dates back from 1715, positioned just off the centre of the beautiful Georgian town of Holt, with its abundance of shops and galleries. The property has been…
more info on The Old Paul Pry
Sleeps: 8
Sea Spray holiday home occupies a splendid setting of cliff top position with stunning uninterrupted sea views, only 5 minutes walk from the centre of Sheringham. This art deco style holiday…
more info on Seaspray
8 The Fairway
Sleeps: 8
Gorleston-on-Sea, one of Norfolk's gems, a traditional seaside town nestled between Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft. With its stunning sandy beach, beachside cafes and shops, glorious cliff gardens and…
more info on 8 The Fairway
Sleeps: 8
Bacton is situated along the East coast of Norfolk between the villages of Mundesley and Happisburgh. It is a picturesque village where time seems to have simply stood still.The ruins of Bromholm…
more info on Samphire
Heron Lodge
Sleeps: 8
Size: Sleeps up to 7, 3 bedroomsNearest beach: 3.5 milesWill consider: Short breaks Access: Car advised Nearest amenities: Less than a mile Family friendly? Yes Pets: No pets allowed.Smoking: Not…
more info on Heron Lodge
Holiday Cottages to sleep 8 in Norfolk
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Conservatism, originalism, and precedent: Going back to the source
Those on the bench who condemn the "judicial activism" of liberal judges but who have the hubris to overturn a great mass of law when they think that it runs counter to their interpretation of what the founders intended (quite a stretch already) should go back to the constitutional law textbooks and read the great Justice John Marshall's opinion in McCulloch v. Maryland. In upholding the constitutionality of the federal government granting a charter of incorporation to the Second Bank of the United States in the absence of any explicit constitutional grant of power to do so, Marshall writes:
But it is conceived, that a doubtful question, one on which human reason may pause, and the human judgment be suspended, in the decision of which the great principles of liberty are not concerned, but the respective powers of those who are equally the representatives of the people, are to be adjusted; if not put at rest by the practice of the government, ought to receive a considerable impression from that practice. An exposition of the constitution, deliberately established by legislative acts, on the faith of which an immense property has been advanced, ought not to be lightly disregarded.
And this from a man who could claim to know the intent of the founders... since he knew almost all of them, personally! It's about time that modern originalists dispensed with their pretentions to be able to divine the intent of the founders.


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The right way to pack food for long term storage Best, Simple & fast!
Usually I have packed Non-GMO foods away for long term storage.
We have long grain brown rice, wheat- two types red wheat and white or yellow wheat.
Also a ton of barley…almost literally! We have worked on dehydrating some foods mainly fruit, while bulk storing others for that rainy day.
We did store a lot away not just for ourselves, but to be able to serve others.
We believe the day will come where we won't be able to get to the store as we do now. Not sure what that will look like, but I do know what our food supply looks like!
How's your supply of long term food? Do you have a week, a month or more? You should shoot for at least 3 months.
The beans filmed here are actually about 250 lbs and will last our family of 5 a year. My goal is 6-800 lbs stored.
The cost of storage is an dollar heat sealer, 5-6 gallon Mylar bags at about a buck a piece and a tub that was on sale for less than .00
It took about 45 min to store 250 lbs of beans! + cost of storage. Cheap insurance.
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This floral printed cosmetic bag is the perfect size for keeping all your cosmetics.
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