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Since 1930s, it has been known that some biochemical and biological processes exhibit abnormal kinetics at a deuterium concentration in the local environment of 250-600 ppm, which is 2-4 times higher that the normal concentration of 150 ppm D. We sought to test if the kinetics of firefly luciferase oxidizing luciferin, the reaction widely used as a read-out in various biochemical assays, is also affected by an elevated deuterium content. To this end, both luciferase and luciferin substrate solutions were prepared based on water with extra deuterium added to a concentration ranging from 150 ppm and up to 10,000 ppm (1%). Upon mixing the solutions, the luminescence intensity at different times was compared with that of the corresponding control solutions with 150 ppm D. A broad negative resonance was detected (p < 10(-6)), with a approximate to 20% drop in luminescence at 370 ppm D. Given that, on average, about half of hydrogen atoms in proteins are not exchangeable in solution, this value corresponds to approximate to 260 ppm of deuterium in all enzyme's hydrogens, in a very good agreement with the prediction of the Isotopic resonance hypothesis.
The proteasomal system is responsible for the turnover of damaged proteins. Because of its important functions in oncogenesis, inhibiting the proteasomal system is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor approved by FDA for clinical applications. However neuropathic side effects are dose limiting for BTZ as many other chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore second-generation proteasome inhibitors have been developed including carfilzomib (CFZ). Aim of the present work was investigating the mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy triggered by the proteasome inhibitor BTZ and comparing the pathways affected by BTZ and CFZ, respectively. Neural stem cells, isolated from the cortex of E14 mouse embryos, were treated with BTZ and CFZ and mass spectrometry was used to compare the global protein pool of treated cells. BTZ was shown to cause more severe cytoskeletal damage, which is crucial in neural cell integrity. Excessive protein carbonylation and actin filament destabilization were also detected following BTZ treatment that was lower following CFZ treatment. Our data on cytoskeletal proteins, chaperone system, and protein oxidation may explain the milder neurotoxic effects of CFZ in clinical applications.
The effects of nonmagnetic impurity doping on magnetic and ferroelectric properties of multiferroic delafossite CuCrO2 are investigated by means of density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Density functional theory calculations show that replacing up to 30% of Cr3+ ions by Ga3+ ones does not significantly affect the remaining Cr-Cr superexchange interactions. Monte Carlo simulations show that CuCr1-xGaxO2 preserves its magnetoelectric properties up to x similar or equal to 0.15 with a spiral ordering, while it becomes disordered at higher fractions. Antiferromagnetic transition shifts towards lower temperatures with increasing x and eventually disappears at x >= 0.2. Our simulations show that Ga3+ doping increases the Curie-Weiss temperature of CuCr1-xGaxO2, which agrees well with experimental observations. Moreover, our results show that the incommensurate ground-state configuration is destabilized by Ga3+ doping under zero applied field associated with an increase of frustration. Finally, coupling between noncollinear magnetic ordering and electric field is reported for x <= 0.15 through simulating P-E hysteresis loops, which leads to ferroelectricity in the extended inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya model.
Itch is a somatosensory modality that serves to alert an organism to harmful elements removable by scratching, such as parasites and chemical irritants. Recently, ablation or silencing of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing spinal interneurons was reported to selectively enhance mechanical itch, whereas chemical itch was unaffected. We examined the effect of activating the NPY/Y-1 receptor system on scratch behavior in mice. We found that intrathecal administration of the Y-1 agonist [Leu(31), Pro(34)]-NPY (LP-NPY) attenuated itch behavior induced by application of 0.07 g von Frey filament in the nape of the neck compared with saline treatment, indicating that activation of the spinal NPY/Y-1 system dampens mechanical itch. However, intrathecal administration of LP-NPY also attenuated chemically induced scratching provoked by intradermal application of histamine or the mast cell degranulator 48/80 (histaminergic itch), and the latter effect could be reversed by administration of the Y-1 antagonist BIBO3304. Intrathecal application of the native nonselective agonist NPY also attenuated histamine or 48/80-induced scratching. Our analyses emphasize the importance of including additional quantitative parameters to characterize the full spectrum of itch behavior and show that the NPY/Y-1 system dampens both mechanically and chemically induced scratching and hence is shared by the two submodalities of itch.
The orbital contribution to the magnetic moment of the transition-metal ion in the isostructural weak ferromagnets ACO(3) (A = Mn,Co,Ni) and FeBO3 was investigated by a combination of first-principles calculations, nonresonant x-ray magnetic scattering, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. A nontrivial evolution of the orbital moment as a function of the 3d orbitals filling is revealed, with a particularly large value found in the Co member of the family. Here, the coupling between magnetic and lattice degrees of freedom produced by the spin-orbit interaction results in a large single-ion anisotropy and a peculiar magnetic-moment-induced electron cloud distortion, evidenced by the appearance of a subtle scattering amplitude at space-group-forbidden reflections and significant magnetostrictive effects. Our results, which complement a previous investigation on the sign of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction across the series, highlight the importance of spin-orbit coupling in the physics of weak ferromagnets and prove the ability of modern first-principles calculations to predict the properties of materials where the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is a fundamental ingredient of the magnetic Hamiltonian.
A measurement of J/psi and psi(2S) production is presented. It is based on a data sample from Pb+Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV and pp collisions at root s = 5.02 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.42 nb(-1) and 25 pb(-1) in Pb+Pb and pp, respectively. The measurements of per-event yields, nuclear modification factors, and non-prompt fractions are performed in the dimuon decay channel for 9 < p(T)(mu mu) < 40 GeV in dimuon transverse momentum, and -2 < y(mu mu) < 2 in rapidity. Strong suppression is found in Pb+Pb collisions for both prompt and non-prompt J/psi, increasing with event centrality. The suppression of prompt psi(2S) is observed to be stronger than that of J/psi, while the suppression of non-prompt psi(2S) is equal to that of the non-prompt J/psi within uncertainties, consistent with the expectation that both arise from b-quarks propagating through the medium. Despite prompt and non-prompt J/psi arising from different mechanisms, the dependence of their nuclear modification factors on centrality is found to be quite similar.
A sediment sequence from a coastal, hydrologically isolated lake in southern Mozambique was analysed for leaf wax delta D, n-alkane abundance (ACL) and bulk organic geochemistry (delta C-13, TOC, %N), providing a record of past rainfall variability and savanna dynamics over the last 1500 years. The delta D-wax a rainfall reconstruction reveals a stable hydroclimate between 500-700 CE, while ACL and delta C-13 together with previous pollen data suggest savanna vegetation was characterized by a relatively dense woody cover. Highly variable hydroclimate conditions are inferred by delta D-wax between 800-1350 CE, with repeated centennial scale intervals of extreme dry and wet conditions overlapping the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; 950-1250 CE). Savanna tree cover stayed relatively intact over this phase. After ca 1250 CE, a progressive change towards drier conditions was initiated, leading up to maximum aridity during the AD 1700s, a period associated with the Little Ice age (LIA; 1500-1850 CE). Tree cover was now replaced by a more grass-dominated savanna. The clear antiphase rainfall patterns between Nhaucati and equatorial East African proxy records gives support to the notion that Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) gradients act as modulator of southern African climate on a multi-decadal time scale, possibly forced by long-term El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. We suggest that strong ENSO variability and greater occurrence of La Nina events triggered the generally wet and unstable MCA in southern Africa. From around 1250 CE, a shift towards a predominance of El Nino induced drier conditions in south-east Africa during the LIA. Our study of vegetation and hydroclimate proxies in parallel suggests that savanna tree and shrub cover was relatively resilient to the abrupt shifts in hydroclimate over the MCA, but more sensitive to the long-term progressive drying over the LIA.
A method to extract the polarization of Omega hyperons produced via the strong interaction is presented. Assuming they are spin 3/2 particles, the corresponding spin density matrix can be written in terms of seven non-zero polarization parameters, all retrievable from the angular distribution of the decay products. Moreover by considering the full decay chain Omega ->Lambda K -> p pi K the magnitude of the asymmetry parameters beta Omega and gamma Omega can be obtained. This method, applied here to the specific Omega case, can be generalized to any weakly decaying hyperon and is perfectly suited for the PANDA experiment where hyperon-antihyperon pairs will be copiously produced in proton-antiproton collisions. The aim is to take a step forward towards the understanding of the mechanism that reigns strangeness production in these processes.
At the Torpshammar dam two rectangular beams are situated upstream of the spillway gates to stabilize the sidewalls holding the embankment of the dam. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the dam with the bottom outlets open was made to investigate how the flow and discharge capacity is affected by the beams. The results can be used to avoid unexpected consequences due to turbulence caused by the beams, make the beams strong enough to hold the pressure from the flow and get an estimation of the discharge capacity with the beams. Turbulence is one of the hardest things to simulate so the results were compared with previous simulation work made without the beams and physical model tests to validate the results. Also, a sensitivity analysis was made to investigate the method used.
The beams lowered the velocity (to 17 m/s) and the discharge capacity (to 255 m3/s) compared to the previous work. The force on the beams was directed upward and downstream. The beams increased the turbulence and the vortex shedding frequency was higher for the beam closest to the outlet. The velocity and discharge capacity differed with 6 % compared to model test results. The results can therefore only be used as an estimation, a more detailed computational model and more computational cells are needed to get a better result. The sensitivity analysis showed that the velocity and turbulence depend on the method and further studies need to be made to decide which method gives the closest similarity with reality.
Värmestrålning är ett fenomen som studenter har svårt att förstå Studentsframing. Med detta som bakgrund utformades laborationen Förståelse för värmestrålning våren 2017 med målet att ge studenterna som utförde den en bättre förståelse för relationen mellan de fyra fenomenen inom värmestrålning, absorption, emission, reflektion och transmission. Laborationen delades in i två olika experiment som fokuserade på olika fenomen.Syftet med denna studie är att genom kvalitativa halvstrukturerade samtalsintervjuer undersöka om laborationen ger studenterna en bättre förståelse för relationen mellan dessa fyra fenomen inom värmestrålning. Urvalet till studien var tredjeårsstudenter vid Uppsala universitet vilka läste programmet Teknisk fysik och som vid utförandet av studien just påbörjat kursen Teknisk termodynamik där laborationen ingick.Resultatet visade dels att studenterna själva upplevde en förbättrad förståelse för värmestrålning. Dels indikationer på att förberedelserna inför laborationen och förståelse för den värmekamera som användes under laborationen var viktiga för att studenterna skulle ha möjlighet att förstå och förklara sina resultat korrekt. Studenterna reflekterade inte över om deras förklaringar av laborationens resultat var rimliga eller inte och de jämförde aldrig förklaringarna av respektive experiment med varandra. Urvalet, dvs. studenter med cirka tre års erfarenhet av fysikstudier, tycks inte ha spelat en avgörande roll för hur pass mycket studenterna förstod eller kunde förklara sina resultat.
At the time corresponding to our end of May and beginning of June in 964 BC a bright comet with a very long tail dominated the night sky of the northern hemisphere. It was Comet Encke that was very bright during the Bronze Age, but today it is scarcely visible to the naked eye. It first appeared as a small comet close to the zenith, but for every night it became greater and brighter and moved slowly to the north with its tail pointing southwards. In the first week of June the tail was stretched out across the whole sky and at midnight it was visible close to the meridian. In this paper the author wishes to test the hypothesis that this appearance of Comet Encke corresponds to the motion in the sky above Jerusalem of "the sword of the Angel of the Lord", mentioned in 1 Chronicles, in the Old Testament. Encke was first circumpolar and finally set at the northern horizon on 8 June in 964 BC at 22. This happened according to the historical chronology between 965 and 960 BC. The calculations of the orbit of Comet Encke have been performed by a computer program developed by the author. It has been calibrated from depictions on Swedish rock-carvings, Chinese texts and Sumerian cylinder seals and gives useful results at least back to 2654 BC.
Depression är vanligt bland unga kvinnor i fertil ålder vilket innebär att barnafödande infaller under en del av livet då många kvinnor är psykisk sårbara. Cirka 10 till 20 procent av alla gravida kvinnor drabbas av depression av varierande grad under den antenatala perioden. Depression ökar risken för tillväxthämning hos fostret, prematur förlossning och postpartum-depression samt försvårar anknytningen mellan mor och barn. Den rådande uppfattningen är att kvinnor som medicinerat med antidepressiva läkemedel innan graviditet bör fortsätta medicinera samt att insättning bör göras när behov finns. Många kvinnor vill dock inte använda antidepressiva läkemedel under graviditet av rädsla för negativ påverkan på fostret och för dessa kvinnor behövs alternativ. I barnmorskans arbete ingår att stödja och vårda kvinnor under graviditet varför kunskap om behandlingsalternativ är vikt för yrkesgruppen.
Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka vilka icke-farmakologiska behandlingar som finns för depression under graviditet samt dess för- och nackdelar.
En systematisk litteraturstudie har gjorts där 28 artiklar inkluderades av totalt 659 granskade titlar, 110 granskade abstracts och 44 artiklar granskade i sin helhet. De inkluderade artiklarna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys och kvalitetsgranskades i enlighet med Willman, Stoltz och Bahtsevani, (2016).
Analysen av studiernas resultat visade attmånga former av ickefarmakologisk behandling kan ha mildrande eller botande effekt vid depression under graviditet. Det framkommer att behandling med yoga, behandling med mind-body terapi, behandling given till par, behandling given digitalt, behandling given i grupp samt behandling med psykoterapi eller samtalsstöd har positiv effekt om än i olika grad.Resultatet ger stöd för att komplement till basprogrammet vid sedvanlig mödrahälsovård är eftersträvansvärt och hjälper kvinnor med antenatal depression och att den positiva effekten ofta kvarstår efter förlossningen.
Detta examensarbete visade att många icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder kan hjälpa kvinnor med antenatal depression. Tilltron till behandlingsmetoderna var oftast hög och få negativa effekter framkom. Kvinnor kan utifrån detta informeras om att forskning visat att utöver antidepressiv medicinering finns icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder med god effekt på depression under graviditet. Vidare forskning får visa om behandlingsformerna skulle kunna erbjudas inom ramen för mödrahälsovårdens basprogram, samt om det är möjligt att genom dessa alternativa terapier minska graviditetskomplikationer orsakade av depression.
Antenatal depression, behandling, depression, graviditet, moderskap, perinatal terapi
The natural aquatic environment contains an enormous pool of dissolved reduced carbon, present as ultra- complex mixtures that are constituted by an unknown number of compounds at vanishingly small concentrations. We attempted to separate individual structural isomers from several samples using online reversedphase chromatography with selected ion monitoring/tandem mass spectrometry, but found that isomeric complexity still presented a boundary to investigation even after chromatographic simplification of the samples. However, it was possible to determine that the structural complexity differed among samples. Our results also suggest that extreme structural complexity was a ubiquitous feature of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in all aquatic systems, meaning that this diversity may play similar roles for recalcitrance and degradation of DOM in all tested environments.
Methylmercury is a potent human neurotoxin which biomagnifies in aquatic food webs. Although anaerobic microorganisms containing the hgcA gene potentially mediate the formation of methylmercury in natural environments, the di- versity of these mercury-methylating microbial communities remains largely unex- plored. Previous studies have implicated sulfate-reducing bacteria as the main mer- cury methylators in aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, we characterized the diversity of mercury-methylating microbial communities of boreal lake sediments us- ing high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and hgcA genes. Our results show that in the lake sediments, Methanomicrobiales and Geobacteraceae also represent abun- dant members of the mercury-methylating communities. In fact, incubation experi- ments with a mercury isotopic tracer and molybdate revealed that only between 38% and 45% of mercury methylation was attributed to sulfate reduction. These re- sults suggest that methanogens and iron-reducing bacteria may contribute to more than half of the mercury methylation in boreal lakes.
Mercury (Hg), and in particular its methylated form (methylmercury, MeHg), is a hazardous substance with the potential to produce significant adverse neurological and other health effects. Enhanced anthropogenic emissions and long-range transport of atmospheric Hg have increased Hg concentrations above background levels in aquatic systems. In this context, the Minamata Convention, a global legally binding agreement that seeks to prevent human exposure to Hg, was signed and enforced by 128 countries, and today more than 90 Parties have ratified it. All these Parties have committed to develop Hg monitoring programs to report the effectiveness of the convention. For this purpose, we provide a standardized cleaning and water sampling protocol for the determination of total-Hg and MeHg in freshwaters at ambient levels. As Hg and organic matter are tightly bound, the protocol also describes sample collection for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition by fluorescence spectroscopy. This protocol is highly useful to non-experts without a prior background in Hg sampling and analysis, and can serve as a useful basis for national monitoring programs. Furthermore, this protocol should help increase quantitative inventories of DOC, inorganic-Hg (IHg) and MeHg concentrations and DOM composition in freshwater, which are severely lacking at a global scale. • Provides a standardized method to collect water samples for IHg, MeHg, DOC and DOM composition from freshwater ecosystems.
Dispersal can influence the response of bacterial communities to environmental changes and disturbances. However, the extent to which dispersal contributes to the community response in dependence of the character and strength of the disturbance remains unclear. Here, we conducted a transplant experiment using dialysis bags in which bacterioplankton originating from brackish and marine regions of the Saint Lawrence Estuary were reciprocally incubated in the two environments for 5 days. Dispersal treatments were set-up by subjecting half of the microcosms in each environment to an exchange of cells between the marine and brackish assemblages at a daily exchange rate of 6% (v/v), and the other half of microcosms were kept as the nondispersal treatments. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was then used to examine the diversity and composition of the active communities. Alpha diversity of the marine communities that were exposed to the brackish environment was elevated greatly by dispersal, but declined in the absence of dispersal. This indicates that dispersal compensated the loss of diversity in the marine communities after a disturbance by introducing bacterial taxa that were able to thrive and coexist with the remaining community members under brackish conditions. On the contrary, alpha diversity of the brackish communities was not affected by dispersal in either environment. Furthermore, dispersal led to an increase in similarity between marine and brackish communities in both of the environments, with a greater similarity when the communities were incubated in the brackish environment. These results suggest that the higher initial diversity in the brackish than in the marine starting community made the resident community less susceptible to dispersing bacteria. Altogether, this study shows that dispersal modifies the diversity and composition of the active communities in response to a salinity disturbance, and enables the local adjustment of specific bacteria under brackish environmental conditions.
Background: Domestication has led to substantial phenotypic and genetic variation in domestic animals. In pigs, the size of so called minipigs differs by one order of magnitude compared to breeds of large body size. We used biallelic SNPs identified from re-sequencing data to compare various publicly available wild and domestic populations against two minipig breeds to gain better understanding of the genetic background of the extensive body size variation. We combined two complementary measures, expected heterozygosity and the composite likelihood ratio test implemented in "SweepFinder", to identify signatures of selection in Minipigs. We intersected these sweep regions with a measure of differentiation, namely F-ST, to remove regions of low variation across pigs. An extraordinary large sweep between 52 and 61 Mb on chromosome X was separately analyzed based on SNP-array data of F-2 individuals from a cross of Goettingen Minipigs and large pigs. Results: Selective sweep analysis identified putative sweep regions for growth and subsequent gene annotation provided a comprehensive set of putative candidate genes. A long swept haplotype on chromosome X, descending from the Goettingen Minipig founders was associated with a reduction of adult body length by 3% in F-2 cross-breds. Conclusion: The resulting set of genes in putative sweep regions implies that the genetic background of body size variation in pigs is polygenic rather than mono-or oligogenic. Identified genes suggest alterations in metabolic functions and a possible insulin resistance to contribute to miniaturization. A size QTL located within the sweep on chromosome X, with an estimated effect of 3% on body length, is comparable to the largest known in pigs or other species. The androgen receptor AR, previously known to influence pig performance and carcass traits, is the most obvious potential candidate gene within this region.
Inom bussbranschen är det välkänt att bussdörrarna alltför ofta orsakar att bussar blir stående vid en hållplats efter att en dörr antingen inte kunde öppnas eller stängas. Detta orsakar stora kostnader för bussägaren. Därför är det önskvärt att kunna förutsäga om en dörrs beteende börjar bli farligt nära att orsaka en sådan händelse. Utifrån denna bakgrund har denna studie utförts vid Scania CV AB i Södertälje för att försöka hitta vilka signaler från ett dörrsystem som kan användas för att kunna avgöra om en dörr riskerar att sluta fungera. De huvudsakliga frågeställningarna som studien utgått ifrån är:
▪ Vilka befintliga sensorer kan användas för att mäta de vanligaste felen innan de orsakar en buss som inte kan köra vidare?
▪ Är det möjligt att hitta en modell som kan indikera hur man bör justera hastighet och dämpning för att få en "perfekt" justerad dörr?
Dessa frågor studerades genom att göra mätningar på en Scania City Wide buss med dubbla inåtgående dörrblad där mätningar endast gjordes på det bakre dörrbladet och för dess stängningsbeteende. För att göra mätningarna på dörren användes ett oscilloskop som mätte spänningen över en potentiometer som varierade en spänningen beroende på hur öppen dörren var. Ytterligare en mätning gjordes på det inbyggda styrsystemet i busskarossen. Mätdata filtrerades med enkel typ av filter, glidande medelvärdsfilter, som tog bort brus som smutsat ner mätningarna. För att komma fram till olika metoder att förutsäga om det var något fel på dörrens inställningar eller komponenter så studerades kurvor över dörrarnas position vid en stängning. Det som studerades var för vilka positionsvärden dörren inte kunde stängas mer samt kurvans lutning i olika segment av stängningen. Lutningen på kurvan togs fram genom användning av minsta kvadratmetoden som är en matematisk metod inom linjär algebra. Utifrån lutningen inom vissa kurvsegment av en stängning skapades en modell som kunde gissa en dörrs stängningstid samt dämpningsinställning. Denna modell fungerade på ett övertygande sätt för mätningar på den testbuss som användes vid framtagningen av modellen. Andra modeller som studien mynnade ut i var en som kunde förvarna om potentiometervärdena började närma sig en gräns då dörren inte längre gick att stänga samt en modell som beräknade stängnings- och öppningstiderna för dörren. Genom dessa modeller var tanken att en varningssignal skulle kunna skickas till berörd och varna att dörren bör justeras. När några mätningar för gissningsmodellen gjordes på en annan buss så gav det indikationer på att modellen inte fungerade lika väl som för testbussen. Men en slutsats som man kunde dra var att man fick en indikation att dörren var feljusterad även om modellen gissade fel på hur inställningarna var. Ytterligare en slutsats var att det troligtvis går att utifrån denna modell forska vidare för att finna en ny modell som är något mer generell för alla bussdörrsindivider.
Background: Forensic psychiatric care treats mentally disordered offenders who suffer mainly from psychotic disorders, although comorbidities such as personality disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and substance abuse are common. A large proportion of these patients have committed violent crimes. Their care is involuntary, and their caregivers' mission is complex: not only to rehabilitate the patient, but also to consider their risk for reoffending and their risk to society. The objective of this overview of systematic reviews is to identify, appraise, and summarize the existing knowledge in forensic psychiatric care and identify knowledge gaps that require further research.
Methods: We undertook a systematic literature search for systematic reviews in five defined domains considered important in daily clinical practice within the forensic psychiatric care: (1) diagnostic assessment and risk assessments; (2) pharmacological treatment; (3) psychological interventions; (4) psychosocial interventions, rehabilitation, and habilitation; and (5) restraint interventions. The target population was mentally disordered offenders (forensic psychiatric patients aged >15 years). Each abstract and full text review was assessed by two of the authors. Relevant reviews then were assessed for bias, and those with moderate or low risk of bias were included.
Results: Of 38 systematic reviews meeting the inclusion criteria, only four had a moderate risk of bias. Two aimed to incorporate as many aspects of forensic psychiatric care as possible, one investigated non-pharmacological interventions to reduce aggression in forensic psychiatric care, and one focused on women with intellectual disabilities in forensic care. However, most of the primary studies included in these reviews had high risks of bias, and therefore, no conclusions could be drawn. All of our identified domains must be considered knowledge gaps.
Conclusion: We could not answer any of our research questions within the five domains because of the high risk of bias in the primary studies in the included systematic reviews. There is an urgent need for more research on forensic psychiatric care since all of our studied domains were considered knowledge gaps.
Accumulating evidence indicates that time spent in natural environments promotes creativity, but few researchers have considered how this occurs. We evaluate two candidate mechanisms, attention restoration and mind wandering. We compare the accounts in terms of attentional focus, brain network activation, cognitive effects, and the temporal progression of these processes across the stages of creativity. Based on this analysis, we propose that (1) gentle shifts between externally oriented soft fascination and internally oriented mind wandering can occur during nature experience; (2) this provides the basis for mutually reinforcing pathways that enhance attention control following nature experience; and (3) mind wandering might support additional benefits for creativity, including flexibility and new associations of ideas. We propose research to test the proposed pathways, including the conditions under which environments influence creativity, the ebb and flow of attention orientation during environmental experience, and the links between attentional focus, brain network activation and creativity.
For many decades there has been a need in many industries to measure speed and position of ferrous gears. This is commonly done by converting passing gear teeth from trigger wheels to electrical impulses to calculate speed and angular position.
By using Hall effect sensors or Giant Magnetoresistance sensors (GMR), a zero speed detection of gear teeth is possible while at the same time be cheap to produce and durable for harsh environments.
A specially designed trigger-wheel (cogwheel created for measurements) with gear teeth in a specific pattern, exact position can be detected by using a dual sensor, even when no earlier information is available. The new design of trigger-wheel also makes this new method more accurate and universal compared to previous solutions.
This thesis demonstrates and argues for the advantages of using a dual sensor for speed and angular position detection on gear wheels. Were one sensor do quantitative measurements for pattern detection in the teeth arrangements and the other sensor do qualitative measurements for position detection.
The share of cars being powered by electricity is rising in Sweden. So far, this has seldom been causing queues at charging stations but if the rise continues as expected, it might potentially be a problem in the future. This thesis aims to shed light on when this might become a problem in a certain area and give example of a potential solution for that case. Three scenarios with different shares of cars being electric is analyzed with a simple model of a system with fast chargers for an area with a highly variable traffic flow. The arrival times to the system is derived from measured traffic flow and extrapolated up until 2030 and a charging time is set based on assumed travel behavior. A comparison is made between the expected electricity consumption using this approach and actual data from a fast charging station. The comparison indicates that electric cars are not being used for the winter time cross-country trips analyzed here in the same extent as conventional cars. The potential to keep the number of stationary fast chargers down using a portable solution with Li-ion battery storage with and without attached production of electricity for situations with a higher than normal charging demand is then investigated. A containerized Li-ion battery solution of 760 kWh has the potential to replace two 50 kW fast chargers in the studied case.
Den här rapporten berättar om mitt examensarbete inom förebyggande underhåll på Pappersmaskin 12 hos Holmen Paper i Hallstavik. Förebyggande underhåll är en väldigt viktig del av underhållsarbetet för att öka anläggningens tillgänglighet. Ett stopp kostar upp mot 100tkr per timme så även en liten ökning i tillgänglighet kan spara stora pengar. De frågeställningar som rapporten ämnade att svara var:
- Hur ser ett optimalt förebyggande underhåll ut? - Varför går motorer sönder, finns det något samband mellan motorhaverier? - Finns det vissa problempositioner i processen, och hur ska FU utformas där? - Hur ser det förebyggande motorunderhållet ut på Hallstaviks pappersbruk idag? - finns det likheter/skillnader mellan det arbetet och leverantörernas rekommendationer?
För att visa på detta så genomfördes intervjuer med personal, genomgång av data från historiska arbetsordrar samt studiebesök vid ABB service center. I rapporten beskriver jag olika rekommenderade underhållsåtgärder och jämför dessa med hur man arbetar i Hallstavik. Utöver detta så presenterar jag resultat på vilka positioner det är mest problem med och vilka symptom och orsaker som visats i samband med att en arbetsorder har skrivits. Det framgick att den position som var hårdast drabbad var motorn för formervalsen och att den vanligaste orsaken var vibrationer.
Testing is an important activity when developing a system. Testing requires resources in terms of time, labour and money. By correctly automating the tests, the development time may either be shortened or there will be a possibility to run more tests. ABB in Ludvika has developed MACH, a control & protection system for HVDC (high power electrical transmission over long distances) applications. During development of the control & protection system for each HVDC project, which are all unique, the system is today tested manually, which takes considerable time.This thesis project studies the possibility of automating parts of the MACH system tests, by investigating current testing procedures, the control & protection system itself, and how a test tool may interact with the system. Using this information a test framework, aimed towards test automation, was created, and a simple test execution tool was developed. A new test case, a combination of multiple smaller test cases, ranon the system using the test execution tool.The outcome proves the proof of concept of automating parts of the system tests.The economics and the scope of the automated testing however, is dependent on how automation is implemented.
This report is the result of a Master Thesis project which is a part of the Master programme in Electrical Engineering at Uppsala universitet.
The purpose of this Master Thesis project is to develop an embedded platform for the design and implementation of optimal digital filters, in particular, the Kalman and the Wiener filter. In this project these filters are used for noise reduction on noisy signals. The project is a further development of a previous Master Thesis project where a Universal Filter Bank was developed. The Filter Bankis used for designing and implementing various linear digital filters such as lowpass, highpass, bandpass and bandstop. The Filter Bank is a hand held box with two input and two output connections and a human-device interface (HDI) including a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a keypad. It contains anti-aliasing and reconstruction (analog) filters and an ARM 32-bit Microcontroller Unit (MCU) which is programmed in the C programming language. The HDI lets the user specify a desired digital filter.
In this project the Kalman and Wiener filtering algorithms were first developed in MATLAB and tested with simulated autoregressive–movingaverage (ARMA) processes (signals) in additive white noise. Aftershown to work, they were implemented on the ARM 32-bit MCU development kit, and finally ported to the Filter Bank. A user interface specially for the specifications of the filters has been created.
The Kalman and Wiener filtering algorithms have been tested using the same noisy ARMA processes and assessed in terms of the Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE). The results have shown that both the Wiener and Kalman filters running on the development kit and the Filter Bank are successful in reducing noise. The Kalman filter is shown to perform better than the Wiener filter, which can be due to the extra information about the signal used in the Kalman filter. The performance of both algorithms are heavily dependent on the pre knowledge about the desired signal.
Using a corpus of school essays of Swedish students in year 9 and 12 of junior and senior high school, the present study compares the level of formality and frequency of discourse markers in the respective year groups. Based on previous literature, discourse markers found in the essays are categorized as either formal or informal. Ten randomly selected essays from each year group are analyzed. The results show that there are discrepancies between grade 9 and year 12 in both formality and frequency of discourse markers. The differences can be connected to second language acquisition and contexts in which the Swedish students acquire English. Outer input of English, made possible by new technology and globalization, has a significant impact on language acquisition, a phenomenon which is new and relatively unexplored. The results of the current study are discussed in the light of the relevance and impacts of the frequent exposure to English through internet activities and media consumption and how it effects language learning. By focusing on discourse markers, which make up an important part of written and spoken language, I attempt to point out patterns that may be relevant and useful for English teachers. Awareness of how combined mechanisms effect and develop students´ acquisition and how to interpret differences in how students use specific grammatical elements such as discourse markers may be useful as a pedagogical analyzing tool. Not least when it comes to the assessment of essays.
The thesis is an evaluation of a utilitarian argument for the permissibility of purchasing meat. The argument, which I call the replaceability argument, rests on four premises:
1. Meat purchases cause animals to be brought into existence.
2. The animals brought into existence by meat purchases live lives of positive final value.
3. If the first two premises are true, then meat purchases cause at least as good consequences as any alternative act.
4. If meat purchases cause at least as good consequences as any alternative act, then meat purchases are permissible.
The first three premises are examined while the fourth one, representing consequentialism, is assumed to be true. The evaluation results in the conclusion that the argument is unsound because all of the premises evaluated turn out to be either doubtful or false.
Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and variability of the Participation domain of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS Participation) in persons with stroke as it is widely used to assess perceived participation in rehabilitation after stroke.
Design: A test-retest design. Subjects: Forty-five persons (mean age 65 years) with mild to moderate disability at least 6 months post-stroke.
Methods: The SIS Participation domain was rated on 2 occasions, 1 week apart. The test-retest reliability of the total score was evaluated using Kappa statistics. The 8 item scores were evaluated by the proportion of participants who rated the same score (percentage agreement, PA) or +/- 1 point (PA <= 1 point) at T1 and T2. The Svensson method was used to evaluate systematic and random disagreement.
Results: The test-retest reliability of the total score showed excellent agreement (Kappa coefficient = 0.79). The items showed high PA <= 1 point (> 82%). No items, except 2, showed a systematic disagreement, and no items showed a random disagreement according to the Svensson method.
Conclusion: The SIS Participation domain is reliable in persons with chronic stroke and mild to moderate disability and can be used to assess perceived participation in this population.
The purpose of this study is to investigate experiences and meaning-making of exercise and participation in races for women-only among Swedish senior women. Positioned within the framework of discourse theory, post-structuralism, and feminism, the article contains an analysis of how the intersection of gender, age, and the aging body affects articulations of meaning among senior participants in written accounts, interviews, and ethnographical fieldwork on women-only races in Sweden. The study shows that the senior women participate in women-only races in relation to (1) an aging, deteriorating body, (2) a health and exercise trend in Western society, (3) a desire for a single-gendered social context, (4) their own imagined physical (in)capability, (5) male-connoted capacities of physical strength, speed, and stamina, and (6) other senior female athletes who function as role models.
Objective: To explore changes in pain, spasticity, range of motion, activities of daily living, bowel and lower urinary tract function and quality of life of individuals with spinal cord injury following robotic exoskeleton gait training.
Design: Prospective, observational, open-label multicentre study. Methods: Three training sessions per week for 8 weeks using an Ekso GT robotic exoskeleton (Ekso Bionics). Included were individuals with recent (<1 year) or chronic (>1 year) injury, paraplegia and tetraplegia, complete and incomplete injury, men and women.
Results: Fifty-two participants completed the training protocol. Pain was reported by 52% of participants during the week prior to training and 17% during training, but no change occurred longitudinally. Spasticity decreased after a training session compared with before the training session (p< 0.001), but not longitudinally. Chronically injured participants increased Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III) from 73 to 74 (p= 0.008) and improved life satisfaction (p= 0.036) over 8 weeks of training. Recently injured participants increased SCIM III from 62 to 70 (p<0.001), but no significant change occurred in life satisfaction. Range of motion, bowel and lower urinary function did not change over time.
Conclusion: Training seemed not to provoke new pain. Spasticity decreased after a single training session. SCIM III and quality of life increased longitudinally for subsets of participants.
Purpose: Dietary macronutrient composition, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity indices, and primary bile acid (BA) concentrations are among the factors that have been associated with lipid metabolism and contributed to obesity. We investigated the association between the polymorphic expression of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its relationship with SCD activity indices and primary BA concentrations after a low-fat meal. Subjects and methods: Blood plasma samples were collected from 56 young (20-36 years) healthy subjects with different rs9939609 FTO genotypes. Fasting and post-meal (2 hours after a low-fat breakfast) blood samples were collected on the subsequent morning for the analysis of DNA methylation, SCD activity indices (product-to-precursor fatty acid ratios; 16:1n-7/16:0 and 18: 1n-9/18:0), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and cholic acid (CA) concentrations. Expression of lipogenic genes was investigated post-meal to assess the relationship between the CDCA and CA concentrations and mRNA levels of lipogenic genes. Results: The FTO AA (obesity risk) genotype group (n = 18) had higher (P<0.05) post-meal SCD-16 activity index than the FTO TT (wild type) genotype group (n=26). In both the FTO TT (n=16) and AA (n=8) genotype groups, the post-meal concentrations of CDCA and CA were lower (P<0.05) compared with the fasted state. No difference in BA concentrations between the FTO TT and AA genotype groups in both meal states was observed. After adjusting for the body mass index, the highest 50% post-meal concentrations of CA were inversely (P=0.010) correlated with the level of mRNA SCD expression. Conclusion: FTO AA carriers may be at a higher risk for obesity through higher SCD activity in a low-fat diet environment. This effect may be partly pronounced by very low CA concentrations.
Small-scale fishers and aquaculturists in the global south often face reinforcing feedbacks between resource degradation and livelihood impoverishment, a situation conceptualized as a social-ecological trap. It is argued that these traps can be overcome through income diversification, i.e., livelihoods that are maintained from variable income sources. Our aim was to further scrutinize that claim using the concept of response diversity. To do so, we applied the concept and analyzed income diversification in the Tam Giang lagoon, central Vietnam. Based on our analysis, we argue that high diversity in income activities does not necessarily lead to an escape from social-ecological traps. Although diversity in income activities in the case of the Tam Giang lagoon is relatively high, fisheries- and aquaculture-related income activities continue to dominate livelihood portfolios. The various gear and structures that these activities include all exploit the same ecologies, habitats, and niches of the lagoon. This finding triggers questions concerning the relative contribution of income activities to household income, but also how activities are (differently) connected to natural environments. Income diversification can only sustain natural resources and improve human well-being if it truly transforms livelihoods by connecting local users in new ways to ecologies and societies.
The Apiaceae family includes some of the most known medicinal, food and spice species in the world some of which have been used by humans since antiquity. Local people in different regions use many species of the family but the information regarding their uses is scattered. Traditionally used species are good candidates for bioprospecting. Combining traditional uses with phylogenetic data helps in selecting species for bioprospecting. In the present study, an ethnobotanical literature review was conducted to outline a comprehensive overview of the ethnobotanical importance of the family in Iran. To highlight the most ethnobotanically used groups in the family, ethnobotanical data were overlapped with generic phylogeny tree of the subfamily Apioideae. In total, 72 species (17.27%) from 42 genera (33.87%) were found to have ethnobotanical uses. Main uses of the family members were medicinal purposes (67.30%) followed by culinary (25%) and ethnoveterinary (11.11%) uses. Two categories of potential species groups for further bioprospecting investigations have been identified based on the phylogenetic analysis. Based on the findings of the present study, phylogenetic analysis can help in identifying potential groups for bioprospecting studies. More rigorous phylogenetic analysis that combines chemotaxonomy data, ethnomedicinal data and phylogenetic data are necessary to pinpoint exact lineages for specific medicinal properties.
Objectives Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at autoimmunity risk loci were associated with CVD in SLE and RA. Methods Patients with SLE (n=1045) were genotyped using the 200K Immunochip SNP array (Illumina). The allele frequency was compared between patients with and without different manifestations of CVD. Results were replicated in a second SLE cohort (n=1043) and in an RA cohort (n=824). We analysed publicly available genetic data from general population, performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays and measured cytokine levels and occurrence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Results We identified two new putative risk loci associated with increased risk for CVD in two SLE populations, which remained after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. An IL19 risk allele, rs17581834(T) was associated with stroke/myocardial infarction (MI) in SLE (OR 2.3 (1.5 to 3.4), P=8.5×10−5) and RA (OR 2.8 (1.4 to 5.6), P=3.8×10−3), meta-analysis (OR 2.5 (2.0 to 2.9), P=3.5×10−7), but not in population controls. The IL19 risk allele affected protein binding, and SLE patients with the risk allele had increased levels of plasma-IL10 (P=0.004) and aPL (P=0.01). An SRP54-AS1 risk allele, rs799454(G) was associated with stroke/transient ischaemic attack in SLE (OR 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2), P=2.5×10−5) but not in RA. The SRP54-AS1 risk allele is an expression quantitative trait locus for four genes. Conclusions The IL19 risk allele was associated with stroke/MI in SLE and RA, but not in the general population, indicating that shared immune pathways may be involved in the CVD pathogenesis in inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Objective: Desloratadine, a third-generation antihistamine, is claimed to cause fewer central nervous system (CNS) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) than antihistamines of the first- and second-generation. While literature is inconclusive regarding the possible CNS effects, symptoms like somnolence and hallucinations are acknowledged ADRs of desloratadine, indeed suggesting some passage of this drug across the blood-brain barrier. Depression is currently not described as an ADR in the approved desloratadine product labelling.
Materials and methods: In a joint signal detection workshop with the Uppsala Monitoring Centre and the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, case reports of suspected drug-ADR associations were analysed.
Results: Forty-nine unique case reports of desloratadine associated with depression or depressed mood were detected in the WHO global ADR database. In these reports, the median time to onset of depression was three days. Most patients recovered after withdrawal of desloratadine, and in five patients the symptoms of depression recurred after re-administration of desloratadine.
Conclusion: We hypothesize that desloratadine may enter the CNS and that it hence in rare cases may cause a clinically relevant state of depression, a relation that patients and their treating physicians should be made aware of.
Objectives: Detrusor overactivity and constipation often co-exist in children with enuresis. Constipation is known to be linked to detrusor overactivity. The voiding chart is the best non-invasive way to investigate bladder function, whereas the ultrasonographical detection of rectal dilatation is the best way to objectify constipation. We wanted to investigate a possible relationship between the rectal diameter and voiding chart data in enuretic children.
Methods: Children with therapy-resistant enuresis were retrospectively evaluated. All had completed a voiding chart for at least 48 h. The rectal diameter was assessed ultrasonographically. The cutoff for rectal dilatation was set at 30 mm.
Results: We evaluated 74 patients (12 girls) aged 10.2 +/- 2.8years, 35 of whom had rectal dilatation. No significant differences in voiding chart parameters were found between children with normal versus dilated rectum. Neither did urgency or a history of daytime incontinence differ between the groups. Boys were more likely to have rectal dilatation than girls (p = 0.02).
Conclusions: The absence of differences regarding voiding chart data may be explained as two mechanisms neutralizing each other: behavioral factors may make the constipated children void seldom and with large volumes, whereas detrusor overactivity caused by rectal compression of the bladder may have the opposite effect. Another option may be that the voiding chart is too blunt an instrument to detect detrusor overactivity. Constipation, and thus presumably bladder dysfunction, seems to be more important in enuretic boys than girls.
Aim: The aim of this retrospective single-centre study was to evaluate whether mutations in the ENG, ACVRL1, and SMAD4 genes were associated with different phenotypes in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).
Methods: The case records of 21 HHT patients with verified mutations in ENG, ACVRL1, or SMAD4 genes were reviewed. The numbers of HHT diagnostic criteria fulfilled for the three genotypes were compared, as was the prevalence of complications such as iron deficiency anaemia, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, stroke, and cerebral abscess.
Results: Our results indicate that mutations in the ENG (HHT1), ACVRL1 (HHT2), and SMAD4 genes result in different HHT phenotypes. Epistaxis debuts earlier and may be more severe in HHT1 than in HHT2. The prevalence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is higher in HHT type 1, whereas hepatic AVMs are more common in HHT2. One patient with mutations in both ENG and ACVRL1 genes was identified, as were two SMAD4-mutated patients suffering from the overlapping juvenile polyposis-HHT syndrome. Nearly one in five patients in our HHT population has been diagnosed with stroke or cerebral abscess, indicating a high prevalence of cerebral complications.
Conclusion: Our results showing that ENG and ACVRL1 gene mutations result in different HHT phenotypes confirm the results from other HHT centres worldwide. Cerebral complications of HHT are common, underscoring the importance of regular screening for pulmonary AVMs and early intervention against such AVMs. We have identified an HHT patient with simultaneous mutations in the ENG and ACVRL1 genes. Surprisingly, this patient has had a mild course of the disease.
Bobcatsss är en biblioteks- och informationsvetenskapskonferens som anordnas årligen av studenter. Årets tema var läsning och författaren berättar här om några intressanta föredrag och infallsvinklar som inspirerade denne. Konferensen hölls i Riga och författaren besökte bland annat Lettlands nya nationalbibliotek och världsarvet Vecrīga, Rigas historiska centrum
We propose a method to possibly generate slapstick effects by deliberately cutting out, tampering and re-connecting neurons in the neural network which has been trained in a proper way. We have developed two applications of a drumbeat generator and a CG character animation as the experiments to try out the idea. The results look interesting and show a certain potential for entertainment and also a viable way of interactive art.
We have developed a blog system with Wordpress which has a capability of automatically converting its blog entries into CG animations. By embedding necessary functions in Wordpress' s theme, a user can select this theme and construct a blog where readers can watch CG animation instead of reading the blog entry. The CG animation is created by TVML (TV program Making Language) technology which enables to make a TV-program-like animation with CG characters with synthesized voices, image data display, sound data playback, superimposing and so on. Not only to contribute to the Wordpress community, in particular, expected as an auxiliary function of the blog service, but also this could work as a production tool for creating various types of CG animations rather than blogging assistance.
One of the hallmarks of 6D superconformal field theories (SCFTs) is that on a partial tensor branch, all known theories resemble quiver gauge theories with links comprised of 6D conformal matter, a generalization of weakly coupled hypermultiplets. In this paper we construct 4D quiverlike gauge theories in which the links are obtained from compactifications of 6D conformal matter on Riemann surfaces with flavor symmetry fluxes. This includes generalizations of super QCD with exceptional gauge groups and quarks replaced by 4D conformal matter. Just as in super QCD, we find evidence for a conformal window as well as confining gauge group factors depending on the total amount of matter. We also present F-theory realizations of these field theories via elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfolds. Gauge groups (and flavor symmetries) come from 7-branes wrapped on surfaces, conformal matter localizes at the intersection of pairs of 7-branes, and Yukawas between 4D conformal matter localize at points coming from triple intersections of 7-branes. Quantum corrections can also modify the classical moduli space of the F-theory model, matching expectations from effective field theory.
Objectives Genetic variants in the transcription factor STAT4 are associated with increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a more severe disease phenotype. This study aimed to clarify how the SLE-associated intronic STAT4 risk allele rs7574865[T] affects the function of immune cells in SLE. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 52 genotyped patients with SLE. Phosphorylation of STAT4 (pSTAT4) and STAT1 (pSTAT1) in response to interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ or interleukin (IL)-12, total levels of STAT4, STAT1 and T-bet, and frequency of IFN-γ+ cells on IL-12 stimulation were determined by flow cytometry in subsets of immune cells before and after preactivation of cells with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and IL-2. Cellular responses and phenotypes were correlated to STAT4 risk allele carriership. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) selective for TYK2 (TYK2i) or JAK2 (JAK2i) were evaluated for inhibition of IL-12 or IFN-γ-induced activation of SLE PBMCs. Results In resting PBMCs, the STAT4 risk allele was neither associated with total levels of STAT4 or STAT1, nor cytokine-induced pSTAT4 or pSTAT1. Following PHA/IL-2 activation, CD8+ T cells from STAT4 risk allele carriers displayed increased levels of STAT4 resulting in increased pSTAT4 in response to IL-12 and IFN-α, and an augmented IL-12-induced IFN-γ production in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The TYK2i and the JAK2i efficiently blocked IL-12 and IFN-γ-induced activation of PBMCs from STAT4 risk patients, respectively. Conclusions T cells from patients with SLE carrying the STAT4 risk allele rs7574865[T] display an augmented response to IL-12 and IFN-α. This subset of patients may benefit from JAKi treatment.
The 2.0 GeV, 5 MW proton linac for the European Spallation Source, ESS, will have the capacity to accelerate additional pulses, interleaved with the proton pulses for neutron production, and send them to a neutrino target, providing an excellent opportunity to produce an unprecedented high- performance neutrino beam, the ESS neutrino Super Beam (ESSnuSB), to measure, with precision, the CP violating phase at the 2nd oscillation maximum. In order to comply with the acceptance of the target and horn systems that will form the neutrino super beam, the long pulses from the linac must be compressed by about three orders of magnitude with minimal particle loss, something that will be achieved in an accumulator ring. This ring will accommodate about 1015 protons, which means that several design challenges are encountered. Strong space charge forces, low-loss injection, efficient collimation, and e-p instabilities are some of the aspects central to the design work. Different pulse structures and injection painting schemes have been studied, with the goal of mitigating space charge effects and of minimizing the heating of the stripping foil despite the very high beam intensity. This paper presents the status of the accumulator ring design, with multi- particle simulations of the injection procedure.


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Of the Vanyar
The king of the Vanyar (The Fair Elves) was Ingwë. His name is revered by all Elves. He never once returned to Middle-earth, nor did any of his people. Because of this, Men have spoken very little with the Vanyar.
Last edited by Rome on 18 January 2009 at 11:01
This page has been accessed 375 times.
This page has been accessed 375 times.

subset: commoncrawl


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So my other half has never been good with money. He was a gambler. He has now had a job for 6 months but before that he was unemployed for 2 years. At which point I was providing for him And my son. But now that he has money he lies about what he's got. He will give me £550 each month. But then he lies about everything else. He won't tell me what he's got and tells me it's none of my business as he's paid me what's owed. He has only ever bought our son a few things over the last two and a half years. I'd say maybe 5 items?
Like today he said he only had £14 until pay day on Friday. That was to get him to work, lunch, then he came home with 8 beers and a takeaway. So thats well over '£14'. Does he really think I'm stupid?!
It's just the principle, like why lie? Especially when I've done so much for him!
Why are you still with this guy ?
He lies and hides money from you. He's bought his child 5 things in 2.5 years ???? Aren't you tired of that B.S ? He's treated you like some bill collector instead of a partner. That's unacceptable in my eyes and I wouldn't tolerate it for 5 mins let alone 2.5 years.
My husband and I share a joint account, both of our paychecks are automatically deposited into this account on paydays. A percent is automatically transferred to our joint savings, bills are paid + groceries and then our children's expenses. Then we deduct an "allowance" for ourselves. This system works so well for us and we never ever fight over money. All big purchases are discussed before hand.
That would be my ideal situation but he has poor credit and would have to me in my name. It stresses me out.
He will actually go to the pub with his last £5.
And last week he claimed he only had £10 but he was in the pub for 4 hours!!
Lies all the time. Like when he said he was underpaid one week so couldn't afford to give me money, then I found out he actually lied so he could put £150 towards his football season ticket. It's like the pub and football come first.
What makes it worse is I'm 7 years younger.
I think you need to have a very serious chat with your SO, firstly about the lying and secondly about the way he's treating you, it doesn't sound very healthy.
Being with a former addict is hard work, my SO used to have a very serious problem with gambling in the end I pretty much said this stops now or I go and I won't be coming back, he stopped and to make sure he didn't get like that again he asked me if I could look after his money so he doesn't have constant access to it if he feels the need to gamble so his pay gets deposited into my account and I give him money as he needs (some people feel like this is me treating him like a child but it was actually what he wanted)
Could you sit down and have a conversation with him about it or perhaps see a counsellor?
Even more reason to tell him to kick rocks. I know that's more easily said than done,but you and your child deserve better. Financially security is something I take very seriously.
So why are you with him still?
I worked with a woman who also had a husband that was bad with money. His paycheck went to her. He was given a weekly, cash allowance (his meals and gas were paid for, so just spending money). When the cash was gone, he had to wait until the next week.
Is this really how you want to live? His mentality is "what's yours is mine and what's mine is mine.". This is not how a family functions.
He should be your EX, not your OH. You can't trust him to be honest with you. He doesn't provide financially. And that's been the case for over two years with no signs of any changes to come. He's setting a horrible example for your child. Exactly what positives does he offer?
Being bad with money is one thing. Being a selfish liar is another. He had no problem taking taking taking, but will not share or provide for his child. This speaks volumes about his character. I have to practically force my husband, who makes over double what I make, to spend on himself.
Thanks for all the messages.
Our relationship is a joke and there's no respect anymore. He's coming aggressive these days and says it's my fault. He's also put his hands round my neck and called me hurtful things all because I confront him on things.
I feel I'm dating an narcissist.
No, you're with an abuser. When men put their hand around a woman's neck, they are statistically more likely to murder them.
You need to leave NOW.


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Light rubbing wear to cover, spine and page edges. Very minimal writing or notations in margins not affecting the text. Possible clean ex-library copy, with their stickers and or stamp(s). Bookseller Inventory #
Title: Rocky: the Famous Bull Elk
Publisher: Houghlin Mifflin
Binding: Hardcover
Book Condition: VERY GOOD
Book Description Houghlin Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1958. Hardcover. Condition: Very Good. Dust Jacket Condition: Very Good. Carl Burger (illustrator). 1st. 1st printing; dj w/moderate chippikng, unclipped price; lovely owner's insc; 138 clean, unmarked pages Size: 12. Seller Inventory # 071011


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From behind the shadows of their bedroom door, two Taiwanese brothers, Wang Hao (7) and Wang Po (10) witness a violent confrontation between their feuding parents one night. The verbal exchange escalates into physical violence, as their father, Wang Wen-Te, sends their mother, Wang Kuei-Chi, crashing down onto their living room floor. As Wang Wen-Te storms out the house, Wang Kuei-Chi takes the
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Wang Shuangli is Deputy Director of the local Cultural Centre, and hopes to be appointed Director. However Old Ma is brought in from the country and installed as Director. This starts a long train of events with Wang's cronies using the bureaucracy to try to oust the new director. At home, Wang has problems because his father wants Wang to have a son to carry on the family name. However, because
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Expelled by a band of restless ghosts in his village, Taoist Priest Mao Ming, and his two spirit companions, visit another village to seek wealth. There, Ming meets Master Gau, the "Vampire Buster," who is trying to defeat an evil Sorceress and her henchmen, whose goal is to conquer the human race. Gau also informs Ming that humans and ghosts cannot co-exist peacefully. As Ming and his ghost com
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Wang Wang and Funi two giant panda from China became a media sensation in November 2009 when Adelaide zoo brought the pair to Australia. This one hour documentary follows the Australian team through the long panda negotiation with China. The language barrier, travel delays and complicated paperwork all conspire to keep the pandas from boarding their plane. Wang Wang and Funi capture the hearts o
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Senior Citizens In Chinatown Unsure Of Housing Fate As Rent Hike LoomsMeta Housing and Western Seniors Housing, the owner and manager of The Metro senior lofts in Chinatown, respectively, want to increase tenants' rents by 8 percent, an additional cost residents say they cannot afford.
Families Earning $117K Now Qualify As 'Low Income' In The Bay AreaThousands of well-paid tech workers have driven up the median price of a San Francisco house to $1.6 million dollars, the highest in the country.
Local Mayor Paying $700 A Month For 4-Bed, 3-Bath With $450,000 Worth Of City-Paid RenovationsThe San Gabriel Valley Tribune reported City of Industry Mayor Mark Radecki pays just $700 a month for the luxury, 5,500-square-foot, four-bedroom apartment that has just undergone $450,000 in renovations.
Seattle Gives In To Amazon, Votes To Repeal 3-Week-Old 'Head Tax' To Fight HomelessnessThe so-called "head tax" was repealed on a 7-2 vote from the council Tuesday, reversing the unanimous vote to pass it on May 14.
Company Building 3D-Printed Homes For Just $10KThe massive 3D printer can build a home in just 12 to 24 hours, according to the Austin startup.
More People Fleeing Pricey San Francisco Than Any Other US CityAccording to a report by Redfin, the skyrocketing cost of living has more people leaving San Francisco than any other city in the United States, followed by New York and Los Angeles.
With Days To 'Clear Out,' OC Supervisors Address Temporary Housing For HomelessThe county has been handing out vouchers for the homeless to stay at motels but what happens next?
Housing A Top Priority For California Lawmakers After Recess"We need to take up this housing package as soon as we can," said Assemblyman David Chiu, a San Francisco Democrat who chairs the Assembly's housing committee.
LA Airbnb Hosts Air Concerns About Potential RestrictionsSouthland Airbnb hosts are voicing their concerns about potential new short-term rental regulations being considered by the Los Angeles City Council.
$2B Bond Proposed To Construct 10,000 Housing Units For HomelessCalifornia state senators are proposing to spend more than $2 billion on permanent housing to help the nation's largest homeless population.
Mayor Eric Garcetti Joins 2-Day Summit On Homelessness, Housing, Climate ChangeMayor Eric Garcetti and four other West Coast mayors will join White House officials at a two-day summit in Portland starting Thursday to discuss homelessness, housing and climate change.


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The only downsides to Private Internet Access are that you can't select your own username — you've got to stick with an assigned random ID — and that you've occasionally got to reinstall a balky driver in Windows. (There's a button to do this.) Selecting Private Internet Access as our VPN service of choice was almost a no-brainer, but because it's based in the U.S., anyone wary of the FBI may want to consider another service.
A number of vendors that sell dial-up access servers have implemented the ability to create a tunnel on behalf of a dial-up client. The computer or network device providing the tunnel for the client computer is variously known as a Front End Processor (FEP) for PPTP or an L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC) for L2TP. For the purposes of this reference, the term FEP is used to describe this functionality, regardless of the tunneling protocol. To carry out its function, the FEP must have the appropriate tunneling protocol installed and must be capable of establishing the tunnel when the client computer connects.
We subsidize our free version by displaying advertisements and we do not collect or sell your personally identifiable information. Our free version provides the same basic level of protection that is included in our paid plans. If you would like to remove the ads and get additional benefits, then you can upgrade to Hotspot Shield Premium. When people upgrade to our premium version, it provides additional revenue to keep our service running smoothly.
We didn't find any problems when we tested other aspects of TorGuard's performance. Each time we checked our location via IP address, it accurately resolved to the location of a TorGuard server. Neither our true IP address nor our location was exposed when we tested for DNS leaks and IPv6 leaks. TorGuard runs its own DNS servers—a requirement for all the VPNs we tested—so the routing that happens when you go to a website isn't released to your ISP, Google, or anyone else. And since TorGuard doesn't support IPv6, the app disables it completely, just like IVPN.
Security is second to none with NordVPN. Its kills switch feature always monitors traffic between devices and the VPN servers. If for some reason, the data stream breaks, the kill switch will automatically terminate the connection, ensuring that your traffic is protected from prying eyes. Also, a DNS leak feature changes your DNS to point to the VPN server, ensuring that hackers cannot steal data from your default DNS.
Because few VPN companies offer live support, we appreciate when they at least provide easy-to-follow resources on their websites. Detailed setup guides with step-by-step instructions are available for every platform IVPN supports, and it breaks down troubleshooting advice into language that's easy to understand. ExpressVPN also has clear, helpful support articles, but other services aren't as straightforward. It's harder to find the right information on TorGuard's support site, and its articles aren't as novice-friendly. If you need to submit a ticket for a specific problem, you can expect a quick response from all the companies we tested—IVPN and TorGuard both responded to us in minutes, and PIA took the longest at one day. ExpressVPN was the only one of our finalists that offered tech support over live chat. (Other companies provide live chat only for sales and signup support.)
We have often said that having to choose between security and convenience is a false dichotomy, but it is at least somewhat true in the case of VPN services. When a VPN is active, your web traffic is taking a more circuitous route than usual, often resulting in sluggish download and upload speeds as well as increased latency. The good news is that using a VPN probably isn't going to remind you of the dial-up days of yore.
The student/worker. This person has responsibilities to attend to, and uses a VPN provided by their school or company to access resources on their network when they're at home or traveling. In most cases, this person already has a free VPN service provided to them, so they're not exactly shopping around. Also, if they're worried about security, they can always fire up their VPN when using airport or cafe WI-Fi to ensure no one's snooping on their connection. Photo by Ed Yourdon.
Proxies are also widely used, and there is always the question about how they differ from VPNs. The purpose of both methods is to protect the identities of the users or to falsify a place. While they are different technologies, many VPN providers also offer proxies.A proxy is the type of computer system that functions as an intermediary for your connected device and your web connection. These servers also have their own IP addresses, so the transfers cannot be traced directly to your computer.
Insist on a VPN that has Kill Switch protection. There is a security vulnerability that can reveal your private information if your VPN connection is lost, even just for a few seconds. The solution is to be sure that you're protected by a Kill Switch. A Kill Switch stops all data from being sent to the internet until a secure VPN connection has been re-established. If your VPN software does not have a Kill Switch, your computer might be leaking your private information without your knowledge
The best VPNs offer a solid balance of features, server location, connectivity protocols, and price. Some are great for occasional use, others are geared towards getting around the location restrictions companies put on their apps and services, and others are targeted at people who do heavy downloading and want a little privacy while they do it. Here's what you should look for.
As we've mentioned, free doesn't always mean 'free'. Given the sensitive nature of your personal information, it's tough to trust any company that are willing to waive a charge. The best free secure VPN will keep your information safe, without outrageous limitations to their speeds and features. Essentially, trust is the most important aspect, and you could end up being burned if you go with a dodgy provider.
Corporate and Exit Locations: Depending on what you're using a VPN for, your service's location—and the exit locations you can choose—are important to consider. If you want to get around a location restriction and watch live TV in the UK, for example, you want to make sure your VPN service provider has servers in the UK. If you're concerned about privacy or state-sponsored snooping, you may want to pick a service operated outside of your home country. Similarly, if the service is based on the US, they're subject to US laws, and may be forced to turn over usage data to the authorities upon request. Many people make more of this than they should (we've seen overseas services turn over their data to friendly governments without any hesitation repeatedly), but it's important to make sure a VPN has servers in multiple locations—or at least the location you're interested in—when shopping.
The world wide web is a massive place that allows you to connect with people from all over the world. Unfortunately, there are people out there who use valuable technology to steal information and use it for their own profit. Fortunately, we can help with our free VPN service. Don't remain vulnerable to any potential attacks from thieves. Our services are fast, reliable, and free to use.
IPVanish can be run on any computer and mobile devices. It is capable of simultaneously using different types of connections. Paying with Bitcoin gives users additional security features as cryptocurrency cannot be tracked unlike government currency. This is because information required when paying with bitcoin are but an email address and a password.
StrongVPN is a great choice, as it meets the needs of both power users and casual users alike. Prices start at $10 a month and drop quickly, when you purchase a year of service at a time, to $5.83 a month. The ease of setup is fantastic–if you're new to VPNs and/or don't have extra time to fuss with manual settings, you can just download their setup app for Windows, OS X, iOS, and Android to automate the setup process. If you want a more granular control or need to manually configure devices like your router, you can follow one of their many guides for different operating systems and hardware to do it manually.
For the formal testing, we used an HP EliteBook X360 1020 G2 notebook, an Asus ZenPad S8 tablet (for Avira Phantom VPN) and a Samsung Galaxy Note 8 phone (for Speedify). Wi-Fi and Ethernet connections were provided by a 200-Mbps cable broadband line. Each time we connected to a VPN service, we recorded how long it took to get online and noted how many times the service disconnected us.
Whether you're you're sick of your ISP throttling your connection, you want to secure your browsing sessions while on the road, or you just want to download whatever the heck you want without the man on your back, there's no substitution for a securely deployed Virtual Private Network. Now that you're armed with the knowledge necessary to pick a good VPN (and with three solid recommendations at that), it's time to secure your internet traffic once and for all.
Consumers use a private VPN service, also known as a VPN tunnel, to protect their online activity and identity. By using an anonymous VPN service, a user's Internet traffic and data remain encrypted, which prevents eavesdroppers from sniffing Internet activity. VPN services are especially useful when accessing public Wi-Fi hotspots because the public wireless services might not be secure. In addition to public Wi-Fi security, a private VPN service also provides consumers with uncensored Internet access and can help prevent data theft and unblock websites.
Opera VPN is part of the Opera browser Get Free Unlimited VPN on the New Opera Desktop Browser Get Free Unlimited VPN on the New Opera Desktop Browser Opera is doing a lot to lure users back, and its latest feature is a doozy. Opera now comes with unlimited, free VPN for life! Read More . It's entirely free; there are no data limits or obtrusive ads.
Since we last tested VPNs, we've given special attention to the privacy practices of VPN companies and not just the technology they provide. In our testing, we read through the privacy policies and discuss company practices with VPN service representatives. What we look for is a commitment to protect user information, and to take a hands-off approach to gathering user data.