text:
|Ecuador; United States of America; Intellectual property rights; Biodiversity.
|Correct citation:
|Wateringen, S. van de (1997), "USA Pushes Ecuador to Sign IPR Agreement." Biotechnology and Development Monitor, No. 33, p. 2022.
In the summer of 1996, the ratification of a bilateral agreement between Ecuador and the USA on the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) was blocked by an Ecuadorean environmental NGO. The agreement is part of the US strategy to unilaterally push developing countries to broaden the scope of industrial patent law, even beyond the scope that was agreed in GATT. The bilateral agreement could limit the national implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
The USEcuadorian agreement covers all types of IPRs, including
patents. Signed in 1993 by the ambassador of Ecuador in the USA, the agreement
had been pending for ratification by the Ecuadorian congress for a number
of years. In July 1996, on the last day of congress before the change of
government, proponents of the agreement quietly and unexpectedly tried
to ratify the bilateral agreement. Because of a hastily organized sitin
by the nongovernmental organization (NGO) Acción Ecológica,
and with help from some congress members, the congress session was closed
before discussion on the agreement could take place. Consequently, ratification
was postponed.
The protest in congress was the culmination of a public discussion on bioprospecting and life patenting. Public indignation was provoked when a newspaper found out about a ten year old US patent on ayahuasca, a sacred plant used in traditional ceremonies by indigenous people in the Amazon region. The ayahuasca patent showed many Ecuadorians that the combination of bioprospecting and broader opportunities for patenting could lead to private appropriation of precious biological material by foreign organizations.
The bilateral IPR agreement has been discussed and criticized in the media by NGOs and national industry. In April 1997, more than thirty organizations sent an open letter to the Ecuadorian congress demanding that the bilateral agreement would not be ratified.
|Patent coverage under different IPR agreement
Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs)
Article 27, Patentable Subject Matter
2. Members may exclude from patentability inventions, the prevention within their territory of the commercial exploitation of which is necessary to protect ordre public or morality, including to protect human, animal or plant life or health or in order to avoid serious prejudice to the environment, provided that such exclusion is not made merely because the exploitation is prohibited by their law.
3. Parties may also exclude from patentability:
Decision 344 of the Andes Pact
Article 7, Not patentable are:
Comparison with TRIPs and Andes Pact Law
When it comes to ratification of the bilateral agreement, Ecuador has to take into account its obligations under two international IPR arrangements. The first is the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) agreement, which formed part of the new General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), signed in 1994. The second is Decision 344 taken by the Commission of the Cartagena Agreement in 1993. Decision 344 established a common system for the protection of industrial property in the Andes Pact countries, including Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and Ecuador. A comparison of the scope of protection and the transitory arrangements of the three agreements shows five major differences:
|Andes Pact regimes related to iprs and biodiversity
Decision 344: Common Regime on Industrial Property (October 1993)
Agreements on biological diversity
Apart from other international IPR obligations, Ecuador has commitments in protecting its biological diversity. The country has ratified the CBD, under which it has the obligation to "respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities" relevant to biodiversity. It is not clear to what extent the bilateral agreement with the US impedes implementation of this obligation. This also counts for the transfer of technology, which is an important aspect in the CBD and for Ecuador's economy, but not mentioned in the bilateral agreement.
The CBD provides that genetic resources originating in the country belong to the national patrimony. Decision 391 of the Andes Pact stipulates explicitly that these genetic resources are inalienable, if not contradicting with the property regime which is applicable to biological resources. Human genetic resources do not fall under the scope of the Decision, however.
Despite the Andes Pact legislative framework, existing laws in Ecuador are not at all sufficient for the preservation of its biological resources and protection against their exploitation. Hardly any barriers are put in the way of users, from 'biopirates' on the one side, to ethicallysound investigators on the other, and all the groups in between. Environmental NGOs try to fill the gap in government policies, but they cannot compensate for the absence of forceful public control. A weak point in the NGO structure is that almost all of them are based in Ecuador's capital Quito, whereas biodiversity can be found primarily in other parts of the country. The blame should not be put in the hands of Ecuador alone, however.
Foreign US IPR strategy
There is reason for concern that the USA, which has not ratified the CBD itself, is trying to limit the impact of the Convention. By negotiating bilateral IPR agreements, the USA continues its tradition of using trade pressure to make developing countries, such as Thailand, India, Pakistan and Ecuador, raise IPR protection. Such level of IPR protection could also impede the implementation of the CBD's intention to achieve a fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
Due to the difference between the two countries in industrial, technological, economic and scientific development, one can hardly speak of reciprocal interests in the bilateral agreement. Ecuador is one of the developing countries with extreme richness in biodiversity, but has not the biotechnological industry that could take advantage of that. In reality, the IPR agreement, together with Decisions 344 and 345 and the TRIPs agreement, merely offer opportunities for American and European industries to extend the territory of their patent rights.
In June 1997, more than 200 NGOs worldwide signed a letter to the US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. The NGOs state that the USA has no right to use economic sanctions to intervene in the national affairs and democratic processes of foreign countries to enforce legislation.
Nevertheless, the US embassy in Ecuador has urged the country to sign the bilateral agreement and referred to trade sanctions that could otherwise be imposed. Argentina recently lost trade benefits for 4000 products under the General System of Preferences (GSP) for similar reasons. The senior trade secretary of the embassy said the same could happen with Ecuadorian exports. Under the Andes Law of Preferences, around 6000 products, including flowers and tunafish, are exported to the USA under preferential terms. Its objective is to help Andes countries to fight the production of coca, a raw material for cocaine production.
A trade conflict was recently prevented, however. The Financial Times of September 2, 1997 reported that the USA dropped the threat to impose sanctions on Ecuador for failing to ratify the IPR bilateral agreement, because Ecuador yielded to US demands in another trade area. US companies were subjected to multimillion dollar compensation claims in Ecuadorian court for terminating agreements with their Ecuadorian representatives. The threat of sanctions was lifted after toplevel meetings, prompting the congress of Ecuador to repeal the legislation under which former Ecuadorian representatives of multinationals could seek compensation. The Financial Times also suggests that changes to the bilateral IPR agreement may be negotiated in order to improve the chances of ratification by the Ecuadorian congress.
Susanne van de Wateringen
Research Fellow, WIMM, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 11,
1018 WB Amsterdam,
the Netherlands.
Justine Newsome (1997), "US Sanctions lifted." Financial Times, September 2, 1997.
"Entrevista con David Nolan, Embajada de los EE.UU." El Comercio, May 12, 1997.
Acuerdo entre el Gobierno del Ecuador y el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América sobre la Protección y el Cumplimiento de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual.
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|Tiny Leaders
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Related Questions
Increasing Savagery
Put five +1/+1 counters on target creature. If Increasing Savagery was cast from a graveyard, put ten +1/+1 counters on that creature instead.
Flashback (You may cast this card from your graveyard for its flashback cost. Then exile it.)
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Increasing Savagery Discussion
Kogarashi on Do Sorcery/Instant and Planeswalker buffs ...
3 weeks ago
For examples of things that will actually place counters instead of buffs:
Forced Adaptation and Ring of Kalonia would each place a +1/+1 counter on Sharktocrab at the beginning of your upkeep. These would be actual counters, not temporary increases like the cards you listed. Each would trigger Sharktocrab 's second ability once (so if you have both on, you'd have two triggers).
Increasing Savagery is a spell that places counters. If cast from your hand, you'd get five +1/+1 counters, but because it's a single effect, it only triggers Sharktocrab once. Casting it again using flashback would get you ten counters and one trigger.
Rhythm of the Wild would give Sharktocrab riot, so if you cast Sharktocrab while Rhythm is on the battlefield, you would place a counter as it enters and trigger the second ability. Same with using Zameck Guildmage 's or Combine Guildmage 's ability to have a creature enter with a +1/+1 counter on it.
Vigor prevents damage and places counters instead. The counter-placing would trigger Sharktocrab once.
Compare Sharktocrab to Fathom Mage . Fathom Mage draws a card for each counter placed on it. Sharktocrab specifies "one or more," so each effect that places counters only triggers it once. Individual effects will still trigger it separately, though, so having the aforementioned Ring of Kalonia and Forced Adaptation on at the same time will each trigger it.
Spazik008 on The Dragon Awakens
3 months ago
Yea the Tarmogoyf fits, but Dark Confidant is basically just there because "I like Dark Confidant". That could probably be something more relevant. I made this list a couple years ago based on a Slumbering Dragon deck I was trying in Standard. That version had Dragon Egg, Scourge of Valkas, and I think Thundermaw Hellkite. I'd love to use those cards, but obviously there are better things you could be doing in Modern than Dragon Egg. Gyre Sage into an immediate Thragtusk off Increasing Savagery was also fun.
BlackoutX on Hendral
3 months ago
checkout Increasing Savagery i think it might help your deck. also Quest for the Gemblades and Oran-Rief, the Vastwood. These can help with +1 +1 ramp.
SynergyBuild on Stop Kicking Things!
3 months ago
123 cards, you need to drop 23, here are my picks:
Bloodstone Goblin, Death's Presence, Contagion Engine, Saproling Infestation, Loyal Guardian, Sporeback Troll, Explosive Vegetation, Increasing Savagery, Retreat to Kazandu, Shape of the Wiitigo, Hunting Triad, Jugan, the Rising Star, Artifact Mutation, Soul's Might, Solidarity of Heroes, Rishkar, Peema Renegade, Joraga Warcaller, Strength of the Tajuru, Ring of Kalonia, Managorger Hydra, Ring of Valkas, Alpha Authority, Song of Freyalise, Forced Adaptation, and Rampant Growth
BlackoutX on Oh, It Seems I've Won...
4 months ago
This might help a bit Cheap Green archive also i think you'd like Increasing Savagery
AkaAkuma on +1 for you, +1 for you....
4 months ago
To start off: Hardened Scales, Bear Umbra and Ordeal of Nylea. You do allot with just one counter, make use of it! And bear umbra or ordeal of nylea not only means counters but also a free extra Jenara abilities each turn.
Then we have allot of +1/+1 synergy in this deck, but allot of them are single use or difficult to get.
- Ninth Bridge Patrol is by no means terrible, but we don't have token generators let alone sacrifice outlets, so what about Cathars' Crusade? We want to grow, not compensate when we shrink!
- Hunt the Weak, forget the counter and go for Nature's Way. Same concept but cheaper and more diverse.
- Obsessive Skinner is decent, but you could also take Forgotten Ancient
- Ajani, Caller of the Pride would be a direct upgrade to Ajani, Valiant Protector in my opinion. And while you have some flavor for the valiant protector that we will now lose, that's ok;
Because what about Collective Effort for multiple purposes. Orzhov Advokist to play it politically. Hadana's Climb, Dragonscale General, Master Biomancer, Tuskguard CaptainVerdurous Gearhulk, Increasing Savagery and ow Kalonian Hydra!
And lastly, maybe do with some alternative beaters. Managorger Hydra, Primordial Hydra, Selfless Squire or even Chasm Skulker are great at this.
Spirits on
5 months ago
I don't like Angelic Page, he has to to use his ability, where Exalted is immediate. He can pump a blocker, but not sure the +1/+1 is worth it.
I'd probably rather have a Neurok Stealthsuit (Shroud) over a single use Favor of the Overbeing (Vigilance/Flying). Even if you don't have the for attach, just pay equip. It's not bad, but Exalted/Shroud/Hex are more valuable in single removal scenarios, especially if your sorcery +'s them. Have to reply on the protection spells to save them.
Skarrg Goliath CMC7 Bloodrush at least is instant, Enlarge you'll have to be sure to have the CMC5 + a protection spell (or shroud/hex) before engaging that. Why does it have a monster kitten in the pic!
You should have lots of blockers (the exalted crew), Guardian of the Gateless is a flying blocker, but dont think you need this ability. Palace Guard is even worse with no flying, Fog instead it's the same thing pretty much. Since neither has Exalted anyway.
I like Soul Snare going to need to work that into some of my other decks (like Alesha, Who Smiles at Death.
Hunter's Prowess gives draw, and Revenge of the Hunted Miracles.
Collective Blessing might be interesting for you. Increasing Savagery too is better. These effects are permanent, and Increasing Savagery has recursion (flashback) too!
Banishing Light is similar to Oblivion Ring and doesn't carry the $2 burden of Journey to Nowhere. If you planning on Infinite Combo off of the the ETB/LTB of Journey to Nowhere then keep it, if not, I would just go with Banishing Light (even though it can't infinite combo)
Pentarch Ward feels missing, it gives Pro-Color of your choice, the best part is it draws a card to replace itself (and you can still choose white). Never hurts you because of the draw, unless they remove the creature in response.
otters on My car breathes fire!
5 months ago
I like it! Transguild Courier would be a cool addition, but I can understand if you don't run it. One with the Machine is cute, but Rishkar's Expertise is probably better, because Ramos will be big. You could also try Increasing Savagery to generate Immediately.
Increasing Savagery occurrence in decks from the last year
Commander / EDH:
All decks: 0.01%


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by Tom Gower and Mike Kurtz
Tom: Earlier this year, I got an email from Ben, who wrote:
Just stumbled upon your site. It's everything the Bleacher Report isn't. My new favorite site. Have you made DYAR accessible for fantasy? It would be fun to compete with other players over a single statistic, DYAR. ESPN isn't including that statistic on their options. The only way that I see doing it is with your premium package. From the description, only DVOA is mentioned, so I'd have to come up with a way to adjust for DYAR. It also lacks the instantaneous feedback that pop fantasy sports offers. This would take me back to the nerdy days of manual fantasy record keeping.
I'm sure this is a big market opportunity that you have given plenty of thought about.
Tom: To which I replied:
Thanks for the question. It's definitely an idea that's come up before.
One problem with DYAR as a fantasy stat is, well, the D part of it changes as we get a different, generally better idea of how good defenses are and how impressive a performance truly was. Picking an example at random, LeSean McCoy had 22 rushing DYAR when we ran Week 2 Quick Reads. As I look at his performance now, based on the full-season adjustment for facing San Diego's defense, he has 8 rushing DYAR for that Week 2 game. If you want to run a DYAR league, do you retroactively adjust old games or just accept that early season results may be skewed? I don't like either option, personally.
Now, you could do YAR, as that doesn't change (McCoy had 16 rushing YAR that week). A while back, somebody calculated a YAR estimator where you could customize your fantasy setting to get something pretty close without actually checking YAR. That was before the current version of DVOA, though, and AFAIK nobody has re-done the calculation. Our position pages do have YAR on them, so you could keep score manually by saving the prior week's page and comparing the YAR difference. As you said, that'll bring you back to the old days of manual scoring, but you could do it.
Practically, the big problem with a YAR league is YAR is dominated by quarterbacks. LeSean McCoy led all running backs last year with 486 YAR. Peyton Manning had almost 2,700. That was also 844 more than second-place Philip Rivers. You'd have to move away from YAR or throttle it down somehow unless you want your league A) determined by who gets the top passing quarterbacks and B) highly sensitive to the week-to-week performance of your quarterback.
(D)YAR fantasy seems like a much better idea than it probably actually is, which is why we keep not doing anything with it even though it keeps coming up.
Mike: That brings up an interesting question. Why has roto fantasy football never carried the cachet of head-to-head?
Tom: Part of it is football, because of its schedule, has a particular rhythm that makes head-to-head more appealing.
Mike: The major downside, as you said, is that numbers are adjusted after the fact. That is a huge problem for head-to-head leagues, but not really a problem for roto leagues.
Tom: You can track the progress of your team through the Thursday, Sunday early, afternoon, and night games, and then into Monday. It feels more competitive. Whereas baseball head-to-head would be a trickle of games coming in over the course of a week or whatever. Baseball head-to-head is boring. Football head-to-head is fun. Most people like competition. I don't think it's much more complicated than that.
Mike: Probably not, as frustrating as head-to-head fantasy is.
Tom: Head-to-head fantasy also guarantees interesting and compelling games for the top teams late in the season. The last time I played fantasy baseball, half the teams in the league were dead by midseason. Dead in the sense of having no realistic chance of winning. A couple owners mostly dropped out and had to have the commissioner adjust their rosters. A couple others, including yours truly, kept plugging along in vain. I haven't seen the same problem in 10-team or even 12-team fantasy football leagues, because the fourth team generally doesn't have to be that good to make the postseason. Heck, the third-place team I beat this past weekend went just 8-6.
Mike: That seems to be more a function of parity in fantasy football
Tom: Parity, another reason head-to-head is more interesting in fantasy football.
Mike: Well, no. It's a weird sort of forced parity. The team with the most "points for" in my league missed the playoffs. That's a good player being punished pretty harshly for random chance.
Tom: It's a weird sort of forced parity because if you got rid of forced parity, fantasy football would be less interesting.
Mike: For someone who isn't a natural fantasy football player, you sure are a hegemon.
Tom: There's no way touchdowns should be worth six points. I've accepted that fantasy football is Not Real Football for good and valid reasons.
Mike: There is a difference between "not real football" and "arbitrary and capricious." And that is why we keep seeing people asking us about DYAR and DVOA for fantasy. They want a fair fight.
Tom: Haven't we had the "let's fix fantasy football standings" conversation before, where we suggested a hybrid model where half the standing is based on head-to-head, and half is based on total points? And, yes, that may be the royal "we."
Mike: We have, actually. We've even come up with some half-brained suggestions to deal with in-game injuries.
Tom: To use my league this year as an example, I had a record of 10-4 and finished second in points. My record in that scenario would be, oh, say 21-5, 10-4 for head-to-head and 11-1 for points ranking.
Mike: But I think the two sentiments are in the same vein. Fantasy football puts a huge emphasis on players on teams that win that particular week and penalizes heavily teams that, through no fault of that particular player, just don't have it. That's the appeal of DYAR. That just because a player didn't catch a touchdown doesn't mean it's a wasted roster spot.
Incidentally, I would say this would lower both actual and apparent parity. RB2s in particular would be dominated by guys who get vultured but consistently convert first downs. That a more savvy player would have knowledge of.
Tom: Or by whichever low-volume back has reasonable efficiency that week. Or gets a couple useful catches, as in the case of Washington fullback Chris Thompson, who finished 13th in DYAR this week among running backs. I guess he did catch a touchdown pass, so maybe he's a bad example. Instead, try San Francisco fullback Bruce Miller, 17th in DYAR among running backs. It's more fun to have Arian Foster (57th in DYAR), C.J. Anderson (58th), and Jonathan Stewart (61st and last) be viable fantasy options, since they all had at least 22 carries.
Mike: More fun, probably. There is also something to be said for the fun of a game that rewards a greater depth of football knowledge.
Tom: I'm in favor of rewarding depth of football knowledge when it comes to fantasy. I'm just not sure how you want to do it, or even if most people want to do it. Fantasy football is popular in part because you don't have to obsess over the NFL to do it.
Mike: Brutally punish anyone who rosters any Detroit running back. That is how.
Tom: I don't know what you have against Detroit running backs, but I suspect it could be cured by forced viewings of Tennessee running backs.
Mike: In that my brain would be a puddle on the floor, yes. A given value of "cured."
Tom: As a Colts fan friend said to me, watching Trent Richardson may be destroying his brain by questioning what really is a hole a running back can be reasonably expected to run through. If only we could turn that into a useful answer, then we could really revolutionize fantasy football the way it needs to be.
Mike: Trent Richardson: an enigma wrapped in a riddle wrapped in two first-round draft picks.
Lessons Learned
Mike: Dear God, the Bears are bad. That's not really a lesson from this week, though.
Tom: You could still make it this week's lesson.
Mike: Nah, that's just piling on. This week I re-learned that I love defensive football.
Tom: Buffalo-Green Bay?
Mike: It has been a treat to watch Detroit's defense this year, but thanks to the NFL's wacky scheduling rotation this past week we had Green Bay-Buffalo on the television, and it was immense fun.
"Adjustments" has to some degree snuck into the fan's parlance as a general term for "I don't like what is happening but don't know enough to explain why," but this was a game full of actual adjustments. Buffalo began the game firing its ends on every down. Aaron Rodgers had two disastrous series, then Green Bay started running up the middle toward the now-isolated tackles, with great success. Buffalo switched to stunts to cover themselves a bit more, which slowed the pass rush and gave Rodgers some time, but at that point he was anticipating the rush and his timing was all off. McCarthy then started doing wacky things with Randall Cobb; end-arounds, straight-up runs, slot screens, Cobb became the focus of the offense as Green Bay attempted to recalibrate the passing game as time wound down.
Tom: I haven't had the chance to watch that game yet, but I've read several times about how Eddie Lacy ripped off big chunks of yardage for one stretch, then didn't get the ball at other times. That's the first explanation I've heard as to why.
Mike: It even sort of worked, as Buffalo's offense stalled (as if it ever started), but by that point Green Bay was a one-dimensional offense against a tremendous front seven, and the game ended with a holy roller safety.
Just incredibly fun to watch. A great performance by the coaching staffs. A great performance by Buffalo's defense and Green Bay's offense. A ... really terrible performance by Kyle Orton. I guess you can't have it all.
Tom: I guess not.
I'm tempted to make a grand statement about Brock Osweiler, finally allowed to attempt a pass in a competitive game. Two attempts is enough to start making definitive conclusions, right?
Mike: You are a card-carrying member of the sports media. Two attempts is enough to project an entire career.
Tom: Instead, I'll look at another rookie quarterback, the one everybody was watching on Sunday. Johnny Manziel was ... not good.
Mike: In so many words.
Tom: He was, maybe, even worse than Brian Hoyer was the week before, when even people who recognized and appreciated Hoyer's strengths could understand why the Browns would make the switch at quarterback.
Mike: Hoyer's strengths? "Has a pulse?"
Tom: Naturally, we'd heard clamors for Manziel ever since people realized the Browns would be starting Brian Hoyer. "Has an idea of how to read defenses and find open receivers, to whom he is willing to (try to) throw the ball, and can get it there enough of the time to be useful," is what I was thinking. This doesn't sound like much, but it ends up being hard to do. As shown by the number of people who try to do it and failed at that.
Mr. Manziel was a fun-to-watch, incredibly effective college quarterback. That's distinct from being a good NFL player. There are exceptions, but for the most part NFL teams play the players who are most effective. That an NFL team is not playing a player, especially one like Manziel in whom the people above the coaches has invested so much, is an act with significant positive informational value. Ignore that at your own peril. Not a new lesson, granted, but one worth repeating.
Loser League Update
Full results for this week's Loser League action and the season to date may be found on the results page. Each week, Scramble for the Ball highlights the top scorers at each position.
Quarterback: Speaking of, here's Johnny! If you rostered Johnny Manziel, you finally got the payoff you'd been hoping for after a string of 15-point penalty weeks. With two turnovers, under 100 yards passing and just 13 yards rushing, he had only 1 point. That was half as many points as this week's runner-up quarterback, and one-third as many as the third-place passer! (Jake Locker and Andy Dalton, for the curious.)
Running backs: Just like at quarterback, the top three running backs in the league had 1, 2, and 3 points. Tre Mason fumbled for his 1, while Alfred Blue got to his 2 more honestly. (Trent Richardson had the 3, and your Scramble writer swears he had not looked at the Loser League results when he brought up Manziel and Richardson.)
Wide receivers: Reggie Wayne's 24 yards on four catches was the third-lowest yardage total of his career on at least four grabs, ahead of the 15 yards he got against the Bengals in Week 5 and the marvelous five catches for 21 yards he had in the season finale against the Bills in 2009, a great feat of stat-padding to get him to 100 catches. With the fumble he lost, he had 0 points. Matching him was Andrew Hawkins, who drew plenty of headlines for the things he did off the field.
Kicker: Did Blair Walsh have the most excusable 0-for-3 on field goals in recent memory? He put it wide right from 53 yards and was short from 68 yards at the end of the game. Nobody in the past 20-odd years had kicked a field goal 68 yards in the NFL -- the list of longest field goal misses shows Greg Zuerlein's 66-yarder against the Dolphins in 2012 is the longest miss that had the distance. His only close attempt, from 26 yards, was blocked. No matter how excusable it was, Loser League shows no mercy in awarding him -4 points.
Keep Chopping Wood: As the Aaron Kromer story showed this past week, whatever is going on in Chicago is not just an on-the-field problem. But the Chicago Bears showed on Monday night they had no answers on the field for anything that was going on off the field. The list of mistakes is too long to usefully enumerate, from Kyle Fuller's regression to the multiple bootlegs where Bears defenders left receivers uncovered to go after Drew Brees to whatever Jay Cutler was doing to whatever his offensive linemen were doing at times.
Mike Martz Award: As Dan Steinberg and the Washington Post headline writer put it: The Redskins and Jay Gruden gave up at the end of the Giants game, and it was weird and sad. Most teams fight to the bitter end, or close to it. Washington instead tried just enough to show they were not trying, punting twice in the final five minutes down two possessions but still running plays, even when the Giants muffed a punt to give them the ball with nine seconds left. It was a performance truly deserving of the Mike Martz Award.
Lock of the Week
Tom: We are now both 4-9 on the year. If you were betting against us, either or both of us, you'd be up on the season. We even actually did get some cool weather and rain in Chicago like the long-term forecast indicated we might. They couldn't help the Bears do anything on offense, though, or actually prevent Drew Brees from doing pretty much whatever he wanted. While I did not see the Pittsburgh-Atlanta game, reports I got indicated that Pittsburgh's advantage on the lines was as significant as a look at Atlanta's lines at any point since, oh, about May would suggest. Like the NFC South winner, we will not finish the regular season above .500.
Mike: I've never been happier to be wrong
Tom: I'd like to ask Julia to verify that one.
As a reminder, all lines are courtesy of Pinnacle Sports and were accurate as of time of writing. All picks are made without reference to the FO Premium picks.
Mike: I want to put fake money on Titans-Jaguars, if only for the novelty.
Tom: You should.
Mike: The real problem is that I would have no idea who to pick.
Tom: In that game? Jacksonville. The Titans really are just that bad, and weighted DVOA suggests the Jaguars should be favored by more like -5 than -3.
Mike: Well, the problem is that they are two of the four worst teams in football, even by weighted DVOA, and I'm not sure how much I trust DVOA spreads that far negative.
Tom: The Jaguars defense has kept things semi-respectable much of the season. Beating the Titans by a touchdown or more will be a function of whether their offense can stay out of their own way long enough to string plays together.
Mike: That is not something I am willing to ever bet on.
Tom: Fair enough.
Mike: I will instead note that Tennessee rose a whole two (2!) spots in the DVOA boards last week. And gets the points. Momentum! So there's your "how did we get here" lock of the week. Tennessee Titans +3 at Jacksonville Jaguars.
Tom: There are a number of lines this week that are just attractive enough to get you into trouble, like the Eagles by 7.5 in Washington. The Vikings in Miami maybe should be closer to -5 than -7, but I think of that Dolphins defensive line against Minnesota's offensive line and wonder why it's only -7. Heck, Green Bay in Tampa maybe should be within a touchdown, yet it's too easy for me to see that game ending up 48-7. I'm almost tempted to take the Bears getting a touchdown, except I saw A) Monday night's game and B) the Thanksgiving game.
Instead, I'll go with one of my teams for this season, or more specifically against Case Keenum and/or Thad Lewis. Weighted DVOA suggests this line is already inflated. Weighted DVOA isn't incorporating the downgrade from Ryan Fitzpatrick, and even with Haloti Ngata the Ravens have a fine defensive front. Arian Foster can do great things, but I think Gary Kubiak's team wins another game in Houston. Baltimore Ravens -5 at Houston Texans.


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Hide Forgot
Description of problem:
After a period of time, 3 days in this case, xinetd appears to stop
responding to incoming connections. My netstat -a log is full of lines of
the following (shortened to prevent CRLF):
tcp 0 0 atlas:vtun clark.hosted.co:4033 SYN_RECV -
How reproducible:
Steps to Reproduce:
1.Configure Xinets with a bunch of services
2.Hit Those services infrequenty - 8 times a day
3.Stare, stunned, at the 25th - or so - attempt failing.
Actual Results: Well, as mentioned:
- Clients see a Connection Refused msg
- IPChains logs a valid, accepted connection (-j ACCEPT -l)
- Xinetd spawns no process (as confirmed by syslog)
Expected Results: (seen after service xinetd restart)
- xinetd spawns process (Jul 11 18:41:39 atlas xinetd[28405]: START:...)
- connection proceeds.
Additional info:
IPChains, when prompted, will spit reports into my syslog that prove that
connections are being attempted to the vtun port.
The reason I'm claiming the xinetd is responsible is because the fix for
this problem is: service xinetd restart . Currently, my servers are
restarting Xinetd every 48 hours as an NT-style preventative measure.
- I'm apparently using xinetd-2.3.0-1.71 .
- there is NO message in my syslog as to looping services, nor (with one
hit every 3 hours) should there be.
- I want to reiterate - restarting xinetd stops the problem for another 3
Can you try the one at http://people.redhat.com/teg/xinetd/?
Yes. I've picked it up and will install it late this evening. This should give
us some news next week.
Can you try 2.3.0-6 from the same location?
Will do.
I'm having a possibly related problem with xinetd getting hung,
failing to wait for child processes. After some time I get:
2271 ? S 0:01 xinetd -stayalive -reuse -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid
6990 ? Z 0:00 \_ [in.tftpd <defunct>]
And no future tftp requests are answered until xinetd is restarted.
One relatively good way to tickle this is with pxelinux (of syslinux-1.63)
performing a diskless boot. Several tftp requests are thrown out in rapid
succession, and I wouldn't be surprised if each in.tftpd's procedure of forking
a chroot child is causing a problem by further complicating things is a factor:
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1917]: sending /pxelinux.0
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1917]: tftp: client does not accept options
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1919]: sending /pxelinux.0
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1921]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0A80A7A
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1923]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0A80A7
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1925]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0A80A
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1927]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0A80
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1929]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0A8
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1931]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0A
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1933]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1935]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1937]: sending /pxelinux.cfg/default
Aug 15 23:42:29 sys109 tftpd[1939]: sending /linux
Aug 15 23:42:30 sys109 tftpd[1941]: sending /initrd-diskless
Note the odd PID numbers--while it is the child process reporting, it is
the parent process which always turns out as the sticking zombie, as for
2180 ? S 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/sshd
2181 pts/1 S 0:00 \_ -csh
7191 pts/1 S 0:00 \_ xinetd -d -stayalive -reuse -loop 15
7240 ? Z 0:00 \_ [in.tftpd <defunct>]
Aug 16 15:43:53 sys109 tftpd[7235]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0A8
Aug 16 15:43:53 sys109 tftpd[7237]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0A
Aug 16 15:43:53 sys109 tftpd[7239]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C0
Aug 16 15:43:53 sys109 tftpd[7241]: could not serve file /pxelinux.cfg/C
PID 7241 answers the request and logs, but 7240 is the zombie.
My workaround is to change pxelinux.asm to skip searching for the files I
don't use (the hexidecimal IP specific names) and just attempt to retrieve
the file I do use, "/pxelinux.cfg/default." This increases the time between
failures from ~10 diskless boots to ~100 diskless boots.
I'm seeing the same thing under both 2.4.7 and 2.4.9-pre4, and with both
xinetd-2.3.0-1.71.i386.rpm and xinetd-2.3.0-7.i386.rpm.
Created attachment 30474 [details]
test fix for the disabled services
Can you try the attached diff to 2.3.3? I think it might fix the problem. I was
able to occasionally get defunct processes when I created a test program
to splat tftp requests as fast as possible to xinetd, and this seemed to fix it
for my test case.
We tried that here, and it worked fine for a time (applied to 2.3.3).
Eventually, this started happening:
Sep 6 15:58:39 porkchop xinetd[24655]: {general_handler} (24655) Unexpected
signal: 11 (Segmentation fault)
Sep 6 15:58:39 porkchop last message repeated 9 times
Sep 6 15:58:39 porkchop xinetd[24655]: Resetting...
Sep 6 15:58:39 porkchop xinetd[24655]: {general_handler} (24655) Unexpected
signal: 11 (Segmentation fault)
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop last message repeated 8 times
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop xinetd[24655]: Resetting...
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop xinetd[24655]: {general_handler} (24655) Unexpected
signal: 11 (Segmentation fault)
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop last message repeated 8 times
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop xinetd[24655]: Resetting...
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop xinetd[24655]: {general_handler} (24655) Unexpected
signal: 11 (Segmentation fault)
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop last message repeated 8 times
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop xinetd[24655]: Resetting...
Sep 6 15:58:40 porkchop xinetd[24655]: {general_handler} (24655) Unexpected
signal: 11 (Segmentation fault)
Despite appearances, this is good. The defunct process problem should
be fixed, but that patch had it's own problems. Could you try http://
www.xinetd.org/devel/xinetd-2001.9.6.tar.gz? It includes what should fix
that segfaulting, and it also has some portability changes (shouldn't affect
this problem).
the 2.3.0-6 did the same thing whiel I was on vacation last week. I forgot until just this moment when I read your update. Whatever it is, then, it's present from 230 to
233. Apologies for the delay - my services don't loop as often, and I was bad testor here. I like the tftp stress tester though, as that was a good idea, as would be a
web server via xinetd with loop protection disabled.
- bish
A web server test should not show the same signs. From my
interpretation of the original problem, this is a wait=yes problem
(regardless of udp vs. tcp and has nothing to do with the old linuxconf
problems). Essentially, a wait=yes service that respawned quickly and as
a result died quickly, could potentially be left in a suspended state
because xinetd didn't catch one of the children dying. The end result was
a zombied process hanging around, and xinetd waiting for a SIGCHLD for
that process before resuming the service again (which of course would
never happen since it missed the first SIGCHLD, the process is zombied,
and the service will never be resumed).
Now, a web server presumably is run with wait=no, since you don't want
to serialize your web connects at the socket layer. This should never
exhibit the "xinetd stops responding to new connections after a period of
time" problem, since the service is never suspended, since it is wait=no.
The service should always be available, unless xinetd its self has died.
Now, if xinetd is dying, I think that's a different bug. The segfault that
occured after the patch was applied should have been from a bug in the
patch, not part of the original problem. If you're getting segfaults with
xinetd-2.3.3 without applying the patch, then you're seeing a different
problem and you should probably be filing a different bug.
The service I think is triggering this is tftp, which is wait=yes.
Quite right. My apologies for suggesting that as a hypothetical test case. BenL is right, though, that the problem is being reported with a TFTP set-up, and that should
eb a much better set-up than how I'm using Xinetd, which now requires a good month to see the problem recur (and I'm using wait=yes, and I'm not using it to serve
web pages as that was entirely a suggestion, etc, etc, disclaimer, waiver, etc)
- bish
I tested the first round patch just hammering away on a tftp service, and
was able to reproduce the zombied process problem enough of the time
to diagnose it. I didn't see the segfaulting above when doing that test, but
afterwards when working on other portability issues, I found the
segfaulting you were seeing. The xinetd-2001.9.6.tar.gz fixes all known
problems with the first round patch.
Bishop: no problems. I didn't see a thorough diagnosis in the bug, and
my own mention of the patch was along the lines of "try this and call me in
the morning" without an explaination of the problem, which doesn't really
help anybody.
For the record, the way I've tackled this problem was to rework xinetd's
event handling in it's main loop. The main loop used to set flags in signal
handlers, then actually do the work in the main loop. The problem was
the flags were binary, so there was no way to detect if a signal happened
more than once before the signal was addressed by the main loop. To
get around this, I used a timer mechanism introduced in xinetd-2.3.2 with
the timer set to 0 (to handle the timer immediatly). With this mechanism,
a new event was inserted into the timer queue for every action that needs
to be taken. This handles the multiple signals before the main loop
iterates, and it's also aware of the select, so there should never be a
problem of blocking in the select, ignoring a pending event.
The segfaulting in the first patch was caused by me not dealing with
some boundary cases in the timer mechanism. These only manifested
themselves when I started using timers with a 0 length of time before they
expired, and time could pass between when the addition of the timer and
when the timer actually executed, potentially resulting in negative time
until the timer expired. So, that's been fixed in xinetd-2001.9.6
I'm seeing the same problem with 2.3.3-1. My testcase is easily reproducable
(to me, at least -- I'm on SMP which probably helps): I can usually extract a
zombie process within a dozen packets.
Attachments to follow.
Created attachment 33721 [details]
Userspace ping server
Created attachment 33722 [details]
Userspace ping server xinetd config
Can those having problems please try out
I've tested with the ping server attached, and it seems to work fairly well.
This is a work in progress, and I'd like to get some feedback. Probably not
ready for prime-time use though.
I still see the problem with this snapshot. Strace offers:
write(3, "01/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG: {serve"..., 6301/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG:
{server_start} Starting service ping
) = 63
fork() = 2428
time([1004453016]) = 1004453016
time([1004453016]) = 1004453016
write(3, "01/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG: {main_"..., 5801/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG:
{main_loop} active_services = 0
) = 58
rt_sigsuspend([]01/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG: {exec_server} duping 6
<unfinished ...>
--- SIGCHLD (Child exited) ---
<... rt_sigsuspend resumed> ) = -1 EINTR (Interrupted system call)
time([1004453016]) = 1004453016
write(3, "01/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG: {my_ha"..., 5001/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG:
{my_handler} writing 17
) = 50
write(5, "\21\0\0\0", 4) = 4
sigreturn() = ? (mask now [])
time([1004453016]) = 1004453016
write(3, "01/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG: {main_"..., 5801/10/30@14:43:36: DEBUG:
{main_loop} active_services = 0
) = 58
Can you try the rpms at http://people.redhat.com/teg/xinetd/ ?
Closing due to lack of feedback. If it still happens with current versions,
reopen with new data.


text:
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Dating apps like zoosk. A closer look at 's best dating apps | elitesingles
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text: Connect with Us January 17 More Member Bikes Leathers On Share on Facebook Pin from: Turner William: "My first Harley, a 2002 Night Train!" † from: Carolyn Isler Fulcher: "This my 1999 Harley Davidson FXR3" † from: Ronald Gaudette: "this is old Betsey 04 road king." † † Share on Facebook Pin Ad, Bottom of Post Recommended August 25 – Today's Featured Bikes Cruisers Ready To Hit The Road! Badass Bagless Beauties – Say That Three Times Fast! August 25 – Today's Featured Bikes


text:
I'm a simple kind of guy. I brew my own beer, enjoy my coffee in the morning with our fantastic Cuisinart(grind my own beans and hardly ever go to the coffee shops) and of course, I love the Chicago Cubs.
Starlin Castro is a much more complex guy than I'll ever be. You know where I'm going with this don't you? If you don't, let me fill you in. Starlin Castro could have had an easy doubly play but instead he bobbled the ball and gave up two runs. The look on Kyle Hendricks face, well I just can't repeat those kind of words.
"That's bad, that's really bad," Castro said. "That's the kind of mistake that can't happen. It's really embarrassing. I apologized to my teammates. That's not supposed to happen. I don't have any excuse. That kind of thing can't happen again.
The Cubs went on to lose a really horrible game 7-2 to the Twins.
So you see when everyone was calling Starlin "Walk Off" earlier in the week when he got the game winner twice in a row, this was the caveat I warned about. That' s Starlin being Starlin. Ok, I have to apologize. I shouldn't be talking bad about Starlin because I really don't want my son doing that to anyone. It's just not setting a good example. Sorry Starlin, I know you'll do better. The trade deadline is coming up Starlin. Be aware.
"He's still relatively young — he is young, not even relatively. We have to keep working on that. That's why you have coaches and managers. If these guys were perfect, they wouldn't need us. I really like the kid a lot and I know nobody feels worse than he does right now. He made a mental mistake, but beyond that he had a nice night." Maddon said.
Yes, Castro wasn't the only player that didn't play well after all, baseball is a team sport. Kyle Hendricks under performed giving up 11 hits in a handful of innings.
"They came out aggressive and I just wasn't making pitches and just didn't have it today," Hendricks said. "It was one of those days and hopefully I can just let it go quick and move on to the next one."
Now, there's a reason why Anthony Rizzo is the Cub's leader because yesterday he took the cover off of the ball and sent it into the bleachers twice. That's what a leader does in a losing cause and that's why Rizzo is going to the All Star game.
I've also come up with a nickname for Kyle Schwarber, Don't you think that he resembles Babe Ruth? Well, here it is "The Sultan of Schwarb"
Believe it


text:
Regular weekly art workshops are held on Wednesdays at Willersley Castle Hotel, an historic Castle set in the Derbyshire Peak District set in 60 acres of grounds surrounded by stunning views of the Derwent Valley in the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site.
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text:
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text:
Runway Madness
photos by Lucian Perkins
text by Robin Givhan
Published by Chronicle Books
120 pages, 1998
Buy it online
Demigoddesses at Work and Rest
Reviewed by Linda L. Richards
It was a 1990s phenomenon. The coat hanger girls of earlier in the century -- chosen for their unlikeliness to compete with the clothes -- have this decade become mondo-mega-superstars in their own rights. Some of them demanding fees that make even professional athlete's incomes pale by comparison. This development has not been without a couple of sides. There are those to whom supermodel stardom is second to none. Others deride the advent of skinny girls as demigoddesses. Runway Madness is about none of that.
For more than a decade, Lucian Perkins has documented the absurdity of fashion as well as the drama. He shoots the action on the runway, but more than merely recording a model strutting along a catwalk, he captures the unguarded moment: the surprising juxtaposition, the beauty in subtle detail, the instant in which a model's pleasure is reflected in a shy smile.
The balance of the introductory text sounds equally publicity-department-generated. Where we get to see a bit more of Givhan's own style and insight are in the cutlines to the photos themselves. In the 50 or so words she's allotted with each photo, Givhan manages to sneak in not only textual illustration, but even some history and drama. For instance, for a backstage photo of a delighted Todd Oldham and some of his models from a 1990 show, Givhan tells us:
It takes a designer months to put a collection together. The actual presentation is over in about fifteen minutes. After the show, magazine editors converge on a designer's showroom to make preliminary decisions about which sample garments will be featured prominently in upcoming issues.
Each photo is given equally thorough treatment and Givhan has a great deal to teach us. Unfortunately, Runway Madness has been set up in traditional art-book style. The photos themselves are unblemished by the intrusion of potentially illuminating words. The book itself is scattered with quotes from famous fashion personalities, ("I don't even want to be a lady. I want to be a woman. Oftentimes in a fitting I say, 'Oh, just to be a woman for fifteen minutes!' The clothes are so beautiful. It's a fantasy. It's what inspires me." Designer Isaac Mizrahi. ) including various designers, models and fashion writers. Givhan's cutlines have been relegated to the back of the book, each with a thumbnail-size version of the photograph at the front of the book. That means that following the narrative makes for a lot of front and back flipping: and no one likes to work that hard just to follow the photographs.
Linda L. Richards is the editor of January Magazine and the author of The Next Ex.