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Pipe Conveyor Design - Sidewinder Conveyor Design Software ...
Pipe conveyor use and applications are becoming more popular around the world. Sidewinder allows pipe conveyors to be analyzed and incorporates many specific equations for their proper design. This includes inputs for power calculations, as well as calculating belt stresses in combined vertical and horizontal curve...Read More
conveyor software: Advanced Conveyor Technologies
Global leaders in the design of overland conveying systems, dynamic analysis, and belt conveyor software.Read More
Conveyor Design Program - Helix delta-T6 for ISO 5048, CEMA and ...
Features of the new delta-T version 6 program include: Automatic Selection of Belt and Tension, Power Calculations. Equipment Selection from Databases for Belts, Idlers, Pulleys & Shafts, Gearboxes, Motors, Fluid Couplings, Brakes etc. New Equipment databases for Shaft and Drive couplings and conveyor holdbacks...Read More
PRO-BELT Belt Conveyor Design Software. Also Designs Belt ...
pro-belt.com - Computer Software for Belt Conveyor, Belt Feeder and Pulley Shaft Design. Free demo for engineers, mining, coal, aggregate, gravel, cememt and bulk materials handling designers. According to CEMA Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association.Read More
Software | Overland Conveyor
Simply add a new case and the program will provide calculations on fully loaded, empty, incline loaded only, declines loaded only, highest winter power, lowest summer power, or just about anything you can think of. Change a constant such as the motor size or belt width, and all cases are updated automatically.Read More
Software | Overland Conveyor
Belt Analyst™. Belt Analyst™ is a classic static analysis belt conveyor engineering tool used to develop the core system design criteria of any belt conveyor necessary for every successful application. All calculations are included from the most critical power requirements and belt tensions, to the selection of each major...Read More
Software | Overland Conveyor
The calculator uses information about drive component weights and geometry to estimate the overhung load for different conveyor operating conditions. ISO Calculation Method. Belt Analyst™ has the ability to perform power, friction and the resulting tension calculations using the ISO 5048 : 1989 calculation methodology.Read More
Software: Dynamic Analyst | Overland Conveyor
Dynamic Analyst™ is an add on module to Overland Conveyor Co's internationally renowned static analysis program; Belt Analyst™. This program uses the same user friendly interface to input any additional information required. Never a need ... At every drive or brake, plot power, torque and whether or not slip might occur.Read More
Consulting - Advanced Conveyor Technologies Inc. | Advanced ...
Conveyor System Design (Trough & Pipe Conveyors) ... AC-Tek has written specialized software for the design of overland conveyors. ... Our conveyor designs includes power estimation, dynamic analysis, belt rating minimization, drive configuration, horizontal and vertical curve analysis, belt flap analysis, turnover analysis,...Read More
conveyor belt calculation pdf free download - tfg
Conveyor Design, Conveyor Dynamic Analysis, Belt Conveyors, Materials Handling, Discrete Element Method, Pipe Network Analysis, Engineering Software, Investment ... Power Transmission Belt Design - Habasit ... Copper Ore Belt Conveyor Sale,Jaw Copper g e Belt Conveyor for Copper Ore design, SAM. conveyor belt.Read More
CEMA Belt Book First Printing - Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers ...
forming stockpile. Figure 2.13. Rock crushing and screening plant utilizes several types of basic conveyor profiles. Figure 2.14. Pipe conveyor over difficult terrain .... for belt conveyors culm and silt. 380 to 500 for silo feed conveyors and tripper belt conveyors. Power Generating Plant applications. 500 for belt conveyors.Read More
Calculation Software | MISUMI USA: Industrial Configurable ...
Calculation Software. NEW. pulley Click here to use our Linear Guides Fit Calculation Software. NEW. pulley Click here to use our Rotary Bearing Fit Calculation ... Click here to use our Ballscrew site. * Software doesn't work in Internet Explorer 9. Make sure to use other Browsers. Conveyor Click Here to use our Conveyor...Read More
Simulation of Interaction of a Pipe Conveyor Belt with Moulding Rolls
They application is especially suitable in chemical and power industry. In operation, the conveyor belt changes its form from flat to tubular shape. As transported material is enclosed by a coiled belt, it is protected from damage during the transport and moreover, environment is protected from contamination. At present, pipe...Read More
fem analysis of a conveyor belt on the driving drum of a pipe conveyor
Sep 13, 2017 ... The aim of the paper is to describe simulation of the passage of the conveyor pipe belt through driving drum according to the selected criteria, using model formed in the Abaqus/CAE program. The aim is to add the knowledge needed for research, testing and designing of pipe conveyor belts. The results...Read More
Phoenix Conveyor Belts Design Fundamentals - EVA Fing
all of the details which are essential for the calculation and design of belt conveyor systems. The principles of calculation are mainly based on DIN 22101 which appeared in the August 2002 edition. Where complex calculations are involved, modern Phoenix computer programs can be availed of. We thus recommend to...Read More
New Goodyear pipe conveyor belt uses advanced design ...
1 conveyor belt manufacturer. "Performance issues of conventional designs create inefficient systems requiring more power to operate, while material and dust can escape from the system," he said. Enter finite element analysis. Veyance design engineers used advanced FEA software to model the performance of various...Read More
Application of software solutions for modeling and analysis of ...
By approximating the results of calculations, theoretical equations for calculating the power parameters of the belt drives were derived. ... B and Paulikova A 2015 Influence of tension force asymmetry on distribution of contact forces among the conveyor belt and idler rolls in pipe conveyor during transport of particulate solids...Read More
Conveyor Dynamics, Inc. | LinkedIn
This method, which has been incorporated into our BELTSTAT software, provides accurate analyses and predictions of trough and pipe conveyor performance, enabling us to design conveyor systems with improved power and strength efficiencies, and extended belt life expectancy. CDI has also developed a method for...Read More
Analysis of the pipe conveyor belt pressure on the rollers on its ...
Jan 6, 2015 ... Conveyor belts are widely used in almost all industries, agriculture and construction. They are made of fabric and rubber carcass and rubber covers. Pipe convey...Read More
Pipe Conveyor Belt - Manufacturers, Suppliers & Traders - IndiaMART
Find here details of companies selling Pipe Conveyor Belt, for your purchase requirements. Get latest info on Pipe Conveyor Belt, suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with Pipe Conveyor Belt prices for buying.Read More
FLSmidth - FLSmidth Pipe Conveyor - World leading Technoloy
The KOCH Pipe Conveyor can easily be integrated into existing plants, only up to 60% space requirement in comparison with conventional systems, and ensure reliable long-distance transportation, specifically in difficult topographies. Each KOCH Pipe Conveyor incorporates extensive know-how for dealing with the most...Read More
This "CONVEYOR HANDBOOK" is provided by FENNER DUNLOP to allow designers to select the correct specification belting for any ... DUNLOP are always available to help with any problems in the design, application or operation of conveyor belts. ... 3. Belt Power and Tensions. Belt Power Calculations Formulae …Read More
pipe / tube conveyors a modern method of coal and ... - Experts.com
The power industry has accepted the CEMA handbook (Conveyor Equipment ... calculations that could be used to specify the minimum requirements for equipment ... Table No. 1 shows the pipe/tube conveyor capacity and recommended belt speeds. Table No.1. PIPE CONVEYOR - CAPACITY CHART. Pipe. Dia. Mat=l.Read More
Conveyor Belt Installation, Maintenance ... - ContiTech
Maintenance. Flexsteel® Belt Repairs. 32. Ten Best Practices in Conveyor. Belt Vulcanized Splicing. 33. Shipping. 39. Quick Check. 40. Belt Roll Diameters. 41. Terms and .... Tension is applied by means of a power device, which is used to pretension the belt ...... Lighten counterweight to the value required by calculations.Read More
Confine Pipe Conveyor Belt - IBT Industrial Solutions
Feb 4, 2010 ... Goodyear Engineered Products is proud to introduce Confine Pipe Conveyor Belt. Confine is a ... Becaus Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling: Goodyear Confine & Standard pipe conveyor belt e of its closed ... Copper; Coal (power plants); Rock; Gypsum; Cement; Pulp & paper; Limestone. Iron ore; Fly...Read More
TENSION MASTER™ | Industrial | Products | Bando Chemical ...
Applications. Tension measurement of power transmission belts in shipping inspection performed at industrial machinery manufacturers, maintenance performed at repair shops for industrial machinery and automobiles, etc. Used to measure the natural frequency of equipment, machinery, buildings, etc. Customer Service.Read More
Dynamics Analysis and Modeling of Rubber Belt in Large Mine Belt ...
Oct 31, 2014 ... Keywords: Belt conveyor, Rubber belt, Discrete element model, Dynamics analysis. 1. ... calculation can select the match power and conveyor belt. Sometimes the dynamic tension peaks of large mine belt conveyor at work was several times or even ...... The computer program box of Wilson-θ method.Read More
pipe conveyor - IRJET
and complexity of pipe conveyor . Enhanced belt construction can offer better stability during horizontal curves and resistance to twist. LRR pipe conveyors with arubber compound can significantly lower the power consumption and belt tension, producing capital and operation cost savings. Dynamic analysis systems , are...Read More
Conveyor Belt Equations - ConveyorBeltGuide
As a rough guideline, use 1,5 % elongation for textile belts. and 0,2 % for steel cord belts. Note: For long-distance conveyors, dynamic start-up calculations. may be required, because not all elements are set in motion simultaneously,. due to the elastic properties of the conveyor belt. TAKE-UP LENGTH. The coefficient C is a...Read More
Selection of Belt Conveyors Drive Units Number by Technical ...
analysis are including: Tension forces, Power of belt conveyor, Costs for belt, Costs for power and reducers ... a methodology for selecting the number of power units in belt conveyor located at the head of the transporter on .... With the developed computer program in Microsoft Excel is calculated the technical parameters for.Read More
Xinhai Conveyor Solutions Handbook
use in the mining and construction industry. Today, thanks to modern 3D CAD software and our deep application expertise, we can develop high-performance combination materials that leverage incredible benefits – benefits that no single material could offer alone. For example, heavy-duty conveyor belts made with aramid...Read More
The CEMA Horsepower Equation | bulk solids handling
Oct 7, 2015 ... The 7th edition of Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials (known as "The Belt Book") includes a new conveyor power prediction methodology using "Large ... It is still widely used in North America today, and its popularity endures because the calculations are easy to understand and implement in spreadsheets.Read More
Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials Calculations by ... - kmg.agh.edu.pl
Calculations by CEMA 5th Edition. Piotr Kulinowski, Ph. D. Eng. ... Belt Conveyor Idlers. ▫ Belt Tension, Power, and Drive Engineering ... horizontal which the surface of the material assumes while the material is at rest on a moving conveyor belt.This angle usually is 5 degrees to 15 degrees less than the angle of repose,...Read More
How to Select and Size Gearmotors for Conveyor Applications
This application note provides step-by-step instructions for how to size and select a gearmotor in a belt-driven conveyor application. Before sizing a ... We have completed all of the initial calculations required to select a gearmotor. Once we have one selected ... Is the available power supply AC or dC? AC. If AC, is the power...Read More
Analysis of Force Ratios in Conveyor Belt of Classic Belt Conveyor ...
Dec 21, 2017 ... Full-text (PDF) | The article deals with analysis of force conditions in a belt of classic belt conveyor by FEA. Analysis ... on the total power consumption. This knowledge is relevant ... Computer Integrated System for the automatized measuring of strength in the conveyer belt of pipe conveyor. * Corresponding...Read More
Latest Developments in Belt Conveyor Technology - CiteSeerX
Sep 27, 2004 ... Distributed Power. • Analysis and Simulation. Energy Efficiency. Minimizing overall power consumption is a critical aspect of any project and belt .... Pipe Conveyors. And if conventional conveyors cannot negotiate the required radii, other variations of belt conveyor such as the Pipe Conveyor might be used.Read More
Pneumatic Conveyor Calculation Software | Products & Suppliers ...
Find Pneumatic Conveyor Calculation Software related suppliers, manufacturers, products and specifications on GlobalSpec - a trusted source of Pneumatic Conveyor Calculation ... Conveyor belts are used in a wide variety of material transport applications such as manufacturing, food processing, and heavy industry.Read More
free download screw conveyor calculation - Odysseus Project
Screw conveyor speed calculation Screw conveyor power calculation Fre. ... Free-of-charge Bulk Conveyor Calculation Program For many years Jansen & Heung is providg a calculation program for belt conveyors, bucket elevators, screw . ... SCREW It consists of a several of blades of helix shape welded to a pipe or shaft.Read More
The Calculation of Force Effects of a Conveyor Belt of the Pipe ...
Research and Development in Mechanical Engineering: The Calculation of Force Effects of a Conveyor Belt of the Pipe Conveyor to Forming Rollers by FEM. ... The calculation was performed by the program Abaqus. Presented calculation is realized by original calculation model. The results of the calculation present...Read More
Orthman Belt Conveyor catalog
ORTHMAN CONVEYING Engineering Department to determine the maximum angle at which the particular material may be conveyed. Maximum and Minimum Material Density: Measured in pounds per cubic foot (PCF), the maximum density is used for power calculations while the minimum density is used in the conveyor...Read More


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House with Stream & Over 12 Acres for Sale in El Ojal, Llano Grande, Ocu, Herrera, Panama
List Price: $289,000
House Size: 2,820.00 Sq.Ft
261.99 Sq.M
Lot Size : 50,000 Sq.M
12.36 Acres
Bedroom(s): 2
Bathroom(s): 2
Location: Ocu, All, Panama
This nice house for sale in Panama is located a relatively short distance from the Pan American highway in Herrera Province.
It is in the same region that hosts famous Panama locations like Pedasi.
This is an opportunity to have a lot of land and a nice ready to live in house in a small town with good access to the many regions of Panama. There is a stream on the property and lovely views.
Just 10 minutes from the local town.
Lemons, Papaya, Mango, Aji, Maronon and Name are already on the property.
This house for sale offers peace, tranquility and views with considerable land at a low price.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Well Mike,
To prevent system from creating anonymous contacts from social postings is to set IC_UPDATE_MODE to "N" (No update) - of course if you're using ABAP program to harvest social postings (On-Prem)
If you're using OData services, unfortunately it's hardcoded as "C" which means the system evetually creates a new contact if it cannot find any existing interaction contact.
We once opened up a support ticket to SAP about IC_UPDATE_MODE of OData service and hoped to get some insight how we can handle IC_UPDATE_MODE for upcoming interactions with OData service. I copied the answer from SAP below. I think you can make use of BAdI below if you don't want new interaction contacts to be created with this way
I do think it brings many benefits if social media postings are succesfully linked to existing customers with rich communication details. Bear in mind that you can use post ids on right side of sentiment engagement. And one of standart post ids is to create a target group from selected posts in posts panel. It's really awesome to create a target group from social posts and execute a campaign.
"Dear Customer,
When loading data via OData we use IC Update Mode C. This means we call the contact determination with update mode N first, but if the customer does not exist yet we call again with D (Delta). This leads to the creation of a contact (that's why it is called C). If you want to set the update mode always to N (because you don't want to create a contact) you can use BAdI CUAN_CE_IA_UPLOAD. Please do not use the checks included in the example if you do not really did them, because they slow down the import.
Best regards,
Rolf Schumann"


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How does banking fees work?
Banking fees cover the cost of performing certain banking activities and transactions on your account. In certain instances you may qualify for lower charges or free transactions. You can visit our Products section for more on our different banking accounts which include a comprehensive listing of applicable rates and fees.
How do I keep my banking fees to a minimum?
There are many ways of keeping your banking fees to a minimum. The most important thing you need to do is to be aware of what charges are applicable on transactions and Services you are using. Look at our online fees and charges section
How do I know if I'm being charged the right banking fees?
Postbank does its utmost to ensure complete accuracy. Furthermore, you may contact the customer care line on 0800 53 54 55.
Mzansi Fees
Mzansi Saswitch fees are only applicable if the ATMs of the major banks are used (FNB, ABSA, Nedbank, Standard Bank and Capitec). If any other bank's ATM is used, Flexi Card Saswitch fees will be levied. Mzansi Saswitch fees are also applicable in countries where the rand value is being used (RCMA) i.e. Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia and Botswana. Payments and withdrawals from the account are limited to a maximum of R5 000.00 per day and R25 000.00 per month.
NB: You have unlimited access to your money and can transact (deposit and withdraw) when you need to.
Term Save Plus Fees and Interest
The current interest rate is fixed for 24 months and two interest rate payment options are available (6 monthly and 24 months).
Term Save Fees and Interest
The current interest rate on Term Save is tiered based on period of the Term Deposit. Interest is calculated and credited to the customer's card or book account monthly, or at maturity of the investment.


text: Overgaard #1 Posted June 27, 2015 I've finished my rather extensive first article on the Leica Q Typ 116 after some weeks of use since I bought one. "To be, or not to be, that is the Q" Enjoy! Hello guest! Please register or sign in to view the hidden content. "I don't know if this Leica Q is what it takes for Leica to realize that what would really make their customers happy would be if Leica could make a Leica. As simple as that." 21 saurama, CYBORA, Tim B and 18 others reacted to this Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
Infectious Diseases Programs and Perspectives of the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health
|To begin the lecture, click the START button above.
If you are the first time visitor, you might want to know [How to navigate within and outside the lecture]
|This is a beta version. Uploading
date: February 11, 2005
Your comments to this version would be highly appreciated as well.


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Hervey Bay Independent : 14th January 2016
DENTAL PROSTHETIST Dentures / Relines Implant Retained Overdentures Speedy Repairs / Mouthguards Free Initial Consultation Ph. 0403 158 797 404 Esplanade, Torquay, Hervey Bay TREATMENT FROM ROYAL Full head of foils | Toner or Colour Treatment Stylecut & Luxury Finish $75 Ph 4124 6773 | 8/62 Main St, Pialba Day Spa High performance facials, AHA peels, Massage, Cosmetic tattooing and all other areas of beauty therapy Shop 1, 40 Torquay Road Phone 4325 4517 Facebook /Mineral-Earth-Day-Spa y-S Spa Health Fund & DVA Provider FRASER COOK Lend a helping hand LIFELINE volunteers are cleaning, sorting and stacking in preparation for the Main St store's reopening on Monday, eight months after the building was closed for repair. A small team of dedicated volunteers have been working around the clock since Tuesday last week to open the doors ahead of schedule. Incoming store manager, Gabrielle Kidd, is calling for more people to volunteer - to help with the last working bee (Thursday, January 14) and for quality donations. "We need more volunteers for the ongoing operations of the Main St store," she told the Indy. "Men for heavy lifting and people with retail experience, especially those who know how to operate a cash register. We can also do with some more people to sort goods out the back." Gabrielle said public response had been "extremely positive" with her team fi elding inquiries from people "ecstatic" about the store reopening. Lifeline's Bundaberg and Fraser Coast business manager, Andrew Armstrong, said volunteers' hard work had put them ahead of schedule. Carpets were cleaned on Tuesday and as soon as they dried, shop fi ttings were put in place and stock returned. "We planned to reopen on February 1, but most of the work has been done by the fantastic Lifeline volunteers Jo Miller, Brenda Pascoe and manager Gabrielle Kidd prepare the store to reopen on Monday, January 18. crew of people here," Andrew said. "Gabrielle has done a fantastic job recruiting volunteers who have been getting into it and working hard." Around six volunteers have been turning up each day, from the elderly to new recruits. "It's been a fantastic response. We just started working and people started popping in and doing what's required," Andrew added. "The volunteers have been so enthusiastic, I wouldn't be surprised if some of them snuck in on the weekends." Andrew said the shop needed ongoing staff to help out and said all current volunteers would have a big job on Monday when the shop reopens the doors and people fi ll the store. Visit Rockmans Pialba Place today and get your look for Spring Get excited for bright prints and bold colours to add an with beautiful amber rose jewellery and accessories. Rockmans Shop 23, Pialba Place (Opposite Coles) rockmans.com.au PIALBA PLACE Cnr Hunter St & Old Maryborough Rd, Pialba | P (07) 4191 3444 | www.pialbaplace.com | 12 | Hervey Bay Independent, January 14, 2016 /pialbaplace
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Individual NSAIDs and Upper Gastrointestinal Complications
- 7.4k Downloads
- Citations
Background: The risk of upper gastrointestinal (GI) complications associated with the use of NSAIDs is a serious public health concern. The risk varies between individual NSAIDs; however, there is little information on the risk associated with some NSAIDs and on the impact of risk factors. These data are necessary to evaluate the benefit-risk of individual NSAIDs for clinical and health policy decision making. Within the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, the Safety Of non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [SOS] project aims to develop decision models for regulatory and clinical use of individual NSAIDs according to their GI and cardiovascular safety.
Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to provide summary relative risks (RR) of upper GI complications (UGIC) associated with the use of individual NSAIDs, including selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
Methods: We used the MEDLINE database to identify cohort and case-control studies published between 1 January 1980 and 31 May 2011, providing adjusted effect estimates for UGIC comparing individual NSAIDs with non-use of NSAIDs. We estimated pooled RR and 95% CIs of UGIC for individual NSAIDs overall and by dose using fixed- and random-effects methods. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate methodological and clinical heterogeneity between studies.
Results: A total of 2984 articles were identified and 59 were selected for data abstraction. After review of the abstracted information, 28 studies met the meta-analysis inclusion criteria. Pooled RR ranged from 1.43 (95% CI 0.65, 3.15) for aceclofenac to 18.45 (95% CI 10.99, 30.97) for azapropazone. RR was less than 2 for aceclofenac, celecoxib (RR 1.45; 95% CI 1.17, 1.81) and ibuprofen (RR 1.84; 95% CI 1.54, 2.20); 2 to less than 4 for rofecoxib (RR 2.32; 95% CI 1.89, 2.86), sulindac (RR 2.89; 95% CI 1.90, 4.42), diclofenac (RR 3.34; 95% CI 2.79, 3.99), meloxicam (RR 3.47; 95% CI 2.19, 5.50), nimesulide (RR 3.83; 95% CI 3.20, 4.60) and ketoprofen (RR 3.92; 95% CI 2.70, 5.69); 4–5 for tenoxicam (RR 4.10; 95% CI 2.16, 7.79), naproxen (RR 4.10; 95% CI 3.22, 5.23), indometacin (RR 4.14; 95% CI 2.91, 5.90) and diflunisal (RR 4.37; 95% CI 1.07, 17.81); and greater than 5 for piroxicam (RR 7.43; 95% CI 5.19, 10.63), ketorolac (RR 11.50; 95% CI 5.56, 23.78) and azapropazone. RRs for the use of high daily doses of NSAIDs versus non-use were 2-3 times higher than those associated with low daily doses.
Conclusions: We confirmed variability in the risk of UGIC among individual NSAIDs as used in clinical practice. Factors influencing findings across studies (e.g. definition and validation of UGIC, exposure assessment, analysis of new vs prevalent users) and the scarce data on the effect of dose and duration of use of NSAIDs and on concurrent use of other medications need to be addressed in future studies, including SOS.
KeywordsIbuprofen Celecoxib Naproxen Piroxicam Ketoprofen
1. Background
NSAIDs are widely used for the symptomatic treatment of acute pain and chronic inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases. However, their use is restricted by the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) complications (UGIC) such as peptic ulcer perforations, obstructions and bleeding. The use of NSAIDs has been associated with a 3- to 5-fold increase in the risk of UGIC.[1,2] Clinical trials and observational studies have shown that the use of selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors is associated with a lower risk of UGIC;[3, 4, 5] however, they have been also associated with an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) events.[6] Further data are necessary to quantify the risk of UGIC associated with many individual NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, and to evaluate the benefit-risk balance of the NSAIDs most often used in regular clinical practice, taking into account dose, duration and effect of other risk factors. These data can help clinicians select treatments for individual patients and help health policy regulators assess the public health impact of therapy.
Within the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, the Safety Of non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SOS) collaborative project started in 2008 with the goal of developing statistical and decision models to facilitate regulatory and treatment decisions based on the GI and CV safety of individual NSAIDs. One of the initial tasks of the SOS project was to summarize the data available on the risk of GI and CV events from observational studies. In this context, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies to provide pooled relative risks (RR) for UGIC associated with the use of individual NSAIDs versus non-use of NSAIDs. We followed the MOOSE guidelines for reporting meta-analyses of observational studies (http://www.equator-network.org/resource-centre/).
2. Materials and Methods
We performed a literature search in PubMed using medical subject headings (MeSH) and free-text terms for individual NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors, GI disease, case-control studies and cohort studies. The search was restricted to observational studies published in the English language between 1 January 1980 and 31 May 2011. Details of the search strategy are available in the supplemental digital content (SDC; http://links.adisonline.com/DSZ/A78). Studies had to be (i) cohort, case-control or nested case-control studies; (ii) provide odds ratios or RRs of UGIC comparing individual NSAIDs with non-use of NSAIDs; and (iii) provide effect estimates adjusted at least for age and sex. All titles and/or abstracts of the articles identified were reviewed to select those potentially meeting the inclusion criteria. Data from these articles were abstracted in a standardized database that included information on source population, inclusion and exclusion criteria, study design, case definition and validation, selection of controls, exposure definition, confounding factors and statistical analysis. The accuracy of the abstracted data was reviewed independently by two of the authors (NR-G, JC). References from relevant studies and prior meta-analyses were also reviewed. Study authors were contacted when additional information was needed.[7]
The methodological quality of each study was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).[8] The NOS involves a score system in which the study design is evaluated on three broad categories: (i) selection of the study groups; (ii) comparability between the study groups; and (iii) exposure/outcome ascertainment. For each study, the NOS was evaluated independently by two of the authors (NR-G and JC), and any differences were resolved by consensus.
We estimated pooled RRs for those individual NSAIDs that had effect estimates reported in at least three different studies. Pooled RRs and 95% CIs were estimated using both the inverse-variance Lagrange fixed-effects method and the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method.[9] We generated forest plots from the random-effects models. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by graphical inspections of the forest plots and by Cochran's Chi-squared (χ 2 ) test of homogeneity, and subgroup analyses evaluating methodological and clinical heterogeneity between studies. Subgroup analyses included stratification by study design, prior history of UGIC, bleeding complications, study period and dose of NSAIDs. Pooled estimates for dose were calculated according to the dose categorization used in each study. In the subgroup analyses, pooled RRs were also calculated for those NSAIDs with only two effect estimates available. The Higgins inconsistency I 2 statistic was used to describe the percentage of the variability in effect estimates that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance.[10] The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan), Version 5.0.22 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2009).
3. Results
Pooled RRs from case-control studies were higher than those from cohort studies for all NSAIDs except ibuprofen, ketorolac and sulindac. In general, pooled RRs from fixed-effects models were slightly lower than those from random-effects models. In general, there was significant heterogeneity between studies, which decreased in the subsequent subgroup analysis exploring methodological and clinical diversity.
A total of 12 studies provided results specifically for upper GI bleeding for eight different NSAIDs; ten of these studies were case-control field studies. Pooled RRs were higher than those from all UGIC (bleeding, perforation and/or obstruction). Pooled RRs were 1.09 (95% CI 0.77, 1.53) for celecoxib; 1.43 (95% CI 0.65, 3.15) for aceclofenac; 1.88 (95% CI 1.00, 3.51) for ibuprofen; 2.25 (95% CI 1.56, 3.25) for rofecoxib; 4.20 (95% CI 3.03, 5.83) for diclofenac; 5.64 (95% CI 3.60, 8.83) for indometacin; 5.72 (95% CI 3.83, 8.53) for naproxen; and 13.36 (95% CI 9.62, 18.54) for piroxicam.
Pooled RRs from studies conducted from the year 2000 onward[7,15, 16, 17, 18,21,67,68] were slightly higher than those from studies conducted before the year 2000 for ibuprofen, 2.13 (95% CI 1.66, 2.73) versus 1.50 (95% CI 1.12, 2.01); ketoprofen, 4.28 (95% CI 2.36, 7.76) versus 3.70 (95% CI 2.27, 6.05); and nimesulide, 3.89 (95% CI 3.18, 4.74) versus 3.50 (95% CI 2.03, 6.03); but lower for diclofenac, 3.08 (95% CI 2.47, 3.84) versus 3.63 (95% CI 2.81, 4.70).
Only one study provided information on the effect modification of gastroprotective agents.[18] In that study, RRs for all individual NSAIDs were lower among patients receiving ulcer-healing drugs than among those not receiving them.
4. Discussion
The results from this meta-analysis confirmed the variability of RRs among individual NSAIDs. The lowest RRs were observed for the use of aceclofenac, celecoxib and ibuprofen, and the highest for the use of piroxicam, ketorolac and azapropazone. Intermediate RRs, between approximately 2 and 4, were observed for the rest of the NSAIDs for which at least three estimates were available: rofecoxib, sulindac, diclofenac, meloxicam, nimesulide, ketoprofen, tenoxicam, naproxen, indometacin and diflunisal.
The use of high daily doses of individual NSAIDs was associated with approximately a 2- to 3-fold increase of RRs for UGIC compared with the use of low-medium doses, except for celecoxib, for which we did not observe a dose-response relationship. For most NSAIDs, there were no major differences between studies restricted to patients without a history of peptic ulcer and those that included all patients, and between studies conducted before and after the year 2000. Data from the studies included in the meta-analysis were insufficient to estimate pooled RRs for the duration of use of individual NSAIDs and for the concurrent use of gastroprotective agents.
In general, there was significant heterogeneity among studies, although it improved or tended to disappear in the subgroup analysis conducted by study design, type of complication, history of peptic ulcer disease and dose of NSAIDs. However, the χ 2 test to detect heterogeneity is very sensitive to the number of studies (or sample size) included in the analysis. Meta-analysis of a small number of studies may be underpowered to detect heterogeneity. On the other hand, when the number of studies is large, the χ 2 test has a high power to detect a small amount of heterogeneity that may be clinically unimportant.
Most studies evaluated the role of confounding factors other than age and sex. One of the concerns in observational studies is the effect of confounding by indication. This is particularly relevant for selective COX-2 inhibitors as there is evidence that they have been preferentially prescribed to patients at high risk of UGIC.[20,46] Many studies attempted to minimize the effect of confounding by indication by adjusting for relevant comorbidity, including GI, CV and other chronic disease; concurrent use of medications; and prior use of healthcare services. Some studies also evaluated confounding by indication by conducting stratified analysis by markers of disease severity or restricted the study population to patients at high risk of UGIC.[7,19]
Pooled RRs from case-control studies were higher than those obtained from cohort studies, although CIs were wider. Most case-control studies were field studies restricted to upper GI bleeding. Thus, a more specific and strict definition of UGIC probably increased the internal validity of these studies. On the other hand, recall bias, leading to overestimation of effects, could be present in these case-control studies in which exposure to NSAIDs was assessed retrospectively by self-reported questionnaires.
Most studies included in this meta-analysis applied broad restrictions to the source population by excluding patients with major risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. Restriction results in more homogeneous study populations and increases the internal validity of studies.[69] On the other hand, absolute rates for UGIC obtained from studies conducted in restricted populations underestimated the rate of the disease.[24,26] This can impact public health policy, particularly when patients with risk factors for UGIC are excluded from studies estimating incidence rates.
Results for new users of NSAIDs were available for only three studies. The rest of the studies provided results for new and prevalent users overall. Inclusion of prevalent users of NSAIDs may result in an overrepresentation of the group of patients who tolerate the treatment (survivors). This is a selection process that may introduce bias if the risk varies with time since the beginning of treatment. In the case of UGIC and the use of NSAIDs, some studies have shown that the risk is higher at the beginning of treatment because susceptible patients are affected early in therapy.[13] Restricting the study to new users of NSAIDs prevents bias from overrepresentation of long-term users who tolerate the treatment.[70,71]
Most studies confirmed cases of UGIC by requiring a positive endoscopy or other diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. However, some studies conducted in databases, which identified potential cases of UGIC by discharge codes, did not conduct any validation of the cases identified, thus introducing misclassification of the outcome.[72] Studies conducted in Canada and Italy show that the positive predictive values (PPVs) for specific discharge diagnoses (gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer) range from 92% to 100%, whereas PPVs for other specific diagnoses (peptic ulcer and gastrojejunal ulcer) range from 81% to 84%, and those for the non-specific diagnoses (GI haemorrhage) range from 54% to 68%.[67,73,74] Overall, the results from the studies included in this meta-analysis that did not confirm the cases identified may be biased towards the null, assuming non-differential outcome misclassification. Cohort studies estimating incidence rates of UGIC based on the cases identified through hospital discharge codes without performing any validation may overestimate absolute rates of UGIC by including non-cases or cases with uncertain clinical validity.[17,20,75]
The benefit-risk balance of individual NSAIDs is mainly driven by their GI and CV safety profile. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies on the CV risk associated with individual NSAIDs show that rofecoxib and diclofenac are associated with the highest RR and naproxen and ibuprofen with the lowest RR.[76,77] For cerebrovascular events, the increase in risk appears to be similar between naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac, and higher for rofecoxib.[78] In our study, ibuprofen was in the lowest range of pooled RRs for UGIC; rofecoxib and diclofenac were in the middle range; and naproxen was associated with a higher RR. However, estimates for individual NSAIDs varied by dose. The pooled RR of UGIC for high-dose ibuprofen was similar to the RR for high-dose rofecoxib and diclofenac, and the use of high-dose naproxen was associated with a higher RR.
5. Conclusions
We conclude that the results obtained in this meta-analysis are in line with those from other meta-analyses published in the last decade and confirm the variability of the risk of UGIC among individual NSAIDs as they are used in clinical practice.[1,2,5] Our meta-analysis provides pooled RRs for many individual NSAIDs, including, for the first time, nimesulide, tenoxicam and diflunisal. Aceclofenac, celecoxib and ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory doses combined) were the NSAIDs with the lowest RR, whereas piroxicam, ketorolac and azapropazone were those with the highest RRs. Intermediate RRs were observed for the rest of the NSAIDs: rofecoxib, sulindac, diclofenac, meloxicam, nimesulide, ketoprofen, tenoxicam, naproxen, indometacin and diflunisal. The impact on the findings across studies related to varying study design approaches — including choices in the definition and validation of UGIC, exposure assessment and analysis of new or prevalent users — should be taken into account when designing new studies. For individual NSAIDs, data on the effect of dose, duration of use and concurrent use of other medications are still scarce. These gaps need to be addressed in future studies, including those to be conducted in the ongoing SOS project (http://www.sos-nsaids-project.org/).
We acknowledge Ceri Hirst, Miny Samuel and Lee Lanza for their contribution in the data abstraction; Lorenza Scotti for developing the data abstraction database; Carla Franzoni for other research support areas; and Adele Monroe for editing the manuscript.
The research leading to the results of this study has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP-7) under grant agreement number 223495, the SOS project. The funding source had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report.
All authors contributed in conceiving and planning the study or played an important role in the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the data; drafted or made substantive suggestions for revision of the manuscript; and approved the final submitted version.
Jordi Castellsague, Nuria Riera-Guardia, Brian Calingaert, Cristina Varas-Lorenzo and Susana Perez-Gutthann are employees of RTI Health Solutions. Jordi Castellsague, Nuria Riera-Guardia and Susana Perez-Gutthann conducted research activities funded by Helsinn Healthcare S.A., a manufacturer of NSAIDs. Susana Perez-Gutthann and Cristina Varas-Lorenzo conducted research activities funded by NicOx S.A., a developer of NSAIDs. Susana Perez-Gutthann has served on advisory boards, provided consultation to pharmaceutical companies including NSAID manufacturers/developers such as Helsinn and NicOx S.A, and is a member of the scientific committee of a study on the safety of NSAIDs sponsored by Dundee University. Helsinn and NicOx were not involved in this study.
Miriam Sturkenboom is coordinating the FP-7-funded SOS project. She is heading a research group at the Erasmus University that occasionally does drug safety studies for pharmaceutical companies such as AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Eli Lilly and Novartis. Most of these companies produce NSAIDs but they were not involved in this study.
Annie Fourrier-Reglat and Federica Nicotra have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this study.
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MyFaces Aligns With the JSF 2.0 Standard
MyFaces Aligns With the JSF 2.0 Standard
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Developers can also harness composite components, which generate a complete JSF component using a Facelet. This feature makes component creation much easier than in past JSF implementations. It's also easier to integrate view declaration languages (VDLs) in MyFaces 2.0.
The new project stage variable (comparable to rails_env) is another productivity feature that uses values like Development, Production, UnitTest, and System Test to tell the framework the current stage of the project. For each of these values, developers will be able to access information that is relevant to that stage. You can also save URL's as bookmarks in MyFaces 2.0. In addition, request parameters can be handled much like entry components and you can work exclusively with GET requests via <h:link> and <h:button>.
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[Shez home] Cool fabric Summer single layer blanket/pillow/pad set/topper set/rayon
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Chicken to go at Kennedy Fried Chicken on Morris Avenue in the Bronx. Abdul Haye, an immigrant from Afghanistan and the owner of the Kennedy fried chicken franchise, which modeled itself on KFC, is suing dozens of Kennedy imitators, who he claims have stolen his name and idea.
Photographs from the past week in New York City and the region.


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Celeb News
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See the full list of ingredients
I wrote previously about most everything you could ever want to know about sunscreen. Check that out here.
I still have my grandmother's words ringing in my ears: "The sun is not your friend." It's true – too much sun certainly is not your friend (but the vitamin D you get from it is). We're used to hearing that too much sun will give us cancer and cause premature aging, and we've been taught to wear sunscreen every day – if not to protect our health, at least for the sake of vanity.
The Fourth of July falls on a Wednesday this year, so we're preparing to celebrate our nation's Independence all week! Here's what we'll be stocking in our bags to be ready for any fête that comes our way.
A brief aside before we get started: I'm not here to freak you out. I only want to help others avoid the anguish I went through of assuming something was safe, and finding out later that this assumption was not entirely true.
Acne. What a sinister word. As if dealing with active breakouts weren't enough, there's the scarring, and the more traumatizing the breakout, the worse the scarring. Sure, that makes sense, but it's still cruel.
It's no longer a secret that oil is an excellent moisturizer, but it can be overwhelming to choose the best facial oil for your skin when there are so many options. Let's take a look at components to consider, and explore some favorite oils.
We believe in the power of cream-based formulas. While this is different from the powders you may be used to, our butter and oil-based products work double-duty to nourish your skin while imparting the pigment you're looking for. Read on to find out why oil and skin make such a good pair.
"Oil free" is one of the greatest rouses ever sold by the cosmetics industry. When it comes to radiant, healthy skin, oil is the original beauty secret.


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"It was the first time we had worked with the Eurologos Group and we have to say that we are very satisfied with the interpreting services they provided for us. Everything went very well, both as regards the installation of the cabins and audio equipment and as regards the quality of the interpreters, which was very high. All this at very competitive prices! It is always a pleasure to work with a team of Project Managers that is this responsive." Jonathan, ITC Europa
Our agencies in the world : Brussels • Brno • Lisboa • London • Madrid • Milano • Paris • Porto • São Paulo • Shanghai • Skopje • Thessaloniki • Tokyo • Toronto


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03.31.01 >0053
I'm feelin' especially weird tonight. (This morning? Whatever!) Got home from church about ten minutes ago. Tonight was youth service, and there were about three other groups there. Seriously, some of these folks need to learn how to shake loose and worship...but that's just me. I mean, after going to a church that's very much alive and actin' like Pentecost happened all over again for the past three years, you pretty much get used to the loud music and the way we shout and dance and praise. It's become...well, normal.
But anyway Ń talked some with Miriam, my younger sister. She's the loudest, most assertive, and bossiest one out of us four kids. There's me, her, Larry, and Victoria. She's younger by 11 months. She's...I dunno. Sometimes she can get on yer nerves 'cause she isn't afraid to say what's on her mind, but sometimes she jumps to conclusions, somethin' like that. Like tonight...she said some things that kinda rankled me, 'cause that's what she thought that I thought about her, when I didn't think that of her at all. Jumpin' to conclusions, like I said. Or reaching the wrong conclusions. Whatever.
I went up for prayer, 'cause I needed it. Sure didn't want to, but Mir finally convinced me that it was best. And now I don't feel...happy. I feel down, dang it. I dunno why! Shouldn't you feel happy after being prayed for? I mean, I feel better inside, more at peace, but not glad or joyful. I know I shouldn't depend on my emotions too much anyway, but this ain't a great feeling, and I dunno what to make of it.
*sigh* God, make this feeling go away soon, please!...
03.28.01 >0005
Hullo, Michigan! I recently came across another weblog of note that's authored and kept by Ben Fineman. Bein' a dorm resident myself, I kinda know his pain (Ben is a resident advisor at the Univ. of Michigan), especially when it comes to middle-of-the-night fire alarms. But anyway, go here to check out his blog, which is home to a lot of neat stuff already. (And thank ye btw, Ben, for the kind words about this beginning blogger's site! Oh, yeah...tell Kyle and Jeff that I bookmarked their pages, too. And voted for all three of you. I'm not telling you the scores I gave, though *g*)
Anyway...I am such a procrastinator. I have three papers to write that're due tomorrow morning, and I s'pose I'll be parked in front of my 'puter for most of today to work on 'em. Ah, well. I'll never learn when it comes to waiting 'til the last minute...
Backtracking to the history topic for a few minutes Ń just got my book order from Amazon on Monday. Steven Pressfield has an amazing way with words. He's the same dude who wrote "The Legend of Bagger Vance," but the book I'd like to turn your attention to is "Gates of Fire." It's a truly awesome piece o' fiction that makes the Battle of Thermopylae come alive...you remember what that is, right? If not, scroll down a ways to read the entry for 03.20.01. The narrator is a Spartan squire who was mortally wounded during the battle, but is revived by the Persians to tell King Xerxes the whole magnificent tale of his upbringing, of the Spartan way of life, of true andreia and of the battle and its major players. If you love historical fiction, then check this novel out. It won't seem like fiction after you read it...
*sigh* And still the countdown continues towards AS's imminent demise. Two days. Two days! Well, perhaps it'll cheer me up some to refer you to some wonderful spinoff sites that have been started for AS refugees. The main one is PanHistoria, which isn't yet open to the general public and is still undergoing beta testing. A friend of mine was able to get me in early, and it does take some getting used to, but it has a lot of potential for RPGers and for some good stories.
Next is AncientVines, and I include this link with some reluctance. AV is the heir apparent of AS, and really...they suck! Whereas AS was meant for RPGers who want to tell stories in a historical setting, AV is more for folks who want to write factual articles (and maybe not-so-factual) about ancient history. Interesting at times, but the first word that really comes to mind is...boring!!
And then there's All The World's A Stage, and this site deserves more attention and more members than it's getting right now. Different from both AV and PH...more flexible, we'll say, in its structure. Hopefully membership will rise in the near future...
That's just a few of the new groups out there that've been formed after the impending departure of AS (*sniffle*). I probly could tell ya about CommunityZero, where I play a young Vampire who can walk during daylight...but I could always post about that at a later time *g* 'Sides, I'm startin' to nod off in my chair...
03.27.01 >1324
Spring Break, Spring Break, Spring Break. Why does it hafta be two weeks away??
College life...sheesh. Sometimes it's worse than the real world, I'm tellin' ya (yeah, I know, some of you might beg ta differ).
Well, I didn't sign on ta complain about school, though I've got a midterm in about half an hour that I no longer want to study for. (I figure I've crammed enough stuff into this tiny brain o' mine to at least get a passing grade. Yes, I'm bein' sarcastic.)
What I'm wondering about right now is why folks in my age group (I'm 20) don't seem to like thinking much. Oh, heck, they think, all right Ń but mostly about boys (that's for you girls), sex, what the latest fashion is, who's the hottest star, where's the most popular place to hang out on the weekends, how kool does my car look, am I gonna be late for work, etc. You catch my drift, I hope. Am I mixing the 18+, college crowd up with teenagers? Are we really all so shallow, or is it just me?
The folks who've been deemed the "nerds" or "geeks" talk about computers and other deep stuff that less "intellectually-bent" people don't have time to or don't want to comprehend. But really! I know folks who can think in much simpler terms about things like freedom, love, peace, justice and other general topics and themes similar to those. 'Cept...we never hear their thoughts about these things. Why is that? Are they afraid they're going to be laughed at? Are they just shy to voice their opinions? (Now that I just plain don't believe!) Or is this just a pet peeve of mine that's really unfounded on nothing?
Challenge me on this. Show me that things are different, that they're not really what they seem. I dare ya...
Is it just me or does my site not look...well, bloggerish? I've been checkin' out other blogs listed on the main site, and mine just don't look normal. Or maybe I'm just being too thorough with what I write. Oh, what the heck...who cares!?
03.26.01 >1152
I had a disturbing dream on Saturday night, and it seemed to, well, become real in front o' me. Call it a warning sign or a wake-up call of sorts.
Now before ya read any further, know that I'm a struggling born again Christian. So far I've written nothing about my faith, and I'm not sure if I will here. I know lots of folks get turned off if you start getting too preachy, and thank you, but being a preacher just ain't my calling. 'Sides, lots of Christians do live in real-time and go through the same things like everyone else. Bet we fooled ya real good though, huh?
Anyway, my dream:
My aunt (I'll call her Sele) and I were on our way to church in her family van. Our church sits close to one corner of the block, and there's a bakery on the other corner. My brother Larry and younger cousin Aaron stood on the sidewalk close to this bakery . . . and with them were two guys I didn't know. A closer look made me realize that they weren't actually human Ń they were demons.
Both Sele and me saw 'em, but Larry and Aaron didn't. I got out of the van and joined this lil group on the sidewalk, and Sele, much to my surprise (I'd thought she would just be dropping me off), did the same. She seemed to immediately ferget about these demons, but I sure as heck didn't, and they were all too aware of me.
And then they started to smirk. Smirks quickly changed to snickers, snickers to outright laughter. They were laughing at me.
I told ye before that I'm a struggling Christian, and that truth was maximized at that moment because I knew just why they were laughing at me. I've done some spiritual housecleaning before, and lemme tell ya, despite the power that Jesus gave us to cast out demons, tangling with 'em is not a fun experience!
It will always remain a mystery to me why God gave us this authority over demons and other beings like 'em. The Bible tells us that we should not even be afraid of them, because God did not give us a spirit of fear . . . and yet many Christians avoid spiritual warfare as if it were a plague. In so many words, we're told that we have authority to put them under our feet.
Now don't think that just because you are not a Christian does not mean you can actually try this and get away with it. An account's given in the Bible of seven young "non-believers" who tried to cast a demon out of a possessed man and ended up getting their butts kicked. So don't try it at home unless you know that God's given you this authority! This is not a game.
Anyway . . . I kind of woke up after that part of the dream came to an end. I wouldn't call it a nightmare, but I was never more aware of how much I'd "fallen from grace," as it was, until that moment. I couldn't rebuke 'em, 'couldn't tell 'em to go away, and they knew it and were taking full advantage of it.
So right at that moment, I started praying some (I was only half-awake, but I was alert enough to know what was actually happening right then). Prayer's a pretty effective weapon in spiritual warfare; so is praise and worship. I also did some major repenting during the next few minutes, too. And then I took a deep breath and told these two little imps to leave. And that wiped the smirks off their faces right away.
Jesus warned his disciples not to rejoice that they had this kind of power . . . he told them instead to be glad that their names were written in the Lamb's Book of Life. And I can see why . . . a person can get proud, knowing that they're able to kick demons' butts with no problem at all. And "pride goeth before a fall" . . .
So there ya have it. First tangle I've had with demons in, ohhh, two years. They really are a sorry bunch . . .
But they're real.
03.22.01 >1129
I've attended a form of boot camp only once. I didn't last too long, either. And unfortunately, I think I'll have to go back next semester. Yikes!
This boot camp requires some form of physical exertion. I mean, moving around is mandatory. The rest of the time, you can park yerself by the phone or in front of your computer.
This boot camp is for wannabe journalists.
A friend of mine told me I was nuts to pursue this kind of career. But well, heck, it is fun.
Personal probs and family probs have just gotten in the way, though, and the thought of trying to write 5 or 6 makeup stories made me freak out. So Reporting will hafta wait until next semester . . . *sigh*
03.20.01 >2337
Okay. I admit it. I'm a history lover.
No, really, I am.
Here, lemme give you a few examples. I took an Ancient Greek language course last year, and loved it from the beginning. Usually I'm not up to challenges (yeah, so I'm boring . . . challenges are actually pretty healthy risks. Well, some of 'em anyway), and trust me, the ancient Greek language is a challenge. A rather huge one, actually. It's just like learning Shakespeare . . . 'cept you're learning it in, well, symbols.
But anyway Ń I took ancient Greek and learned the Attic dialect. Totally loved it. Forgot most of it now, but it did wonders with my grammar, lemme tell ya. We had to read this little book written by Xenophon, an ancient Greek historian who fought in the Peloponnesian War (between Sparta and Athens . . . this is before Alexander the Great came on to the scene). The whole text was in Greek.
This whole bit got me interested in ancient history, specifically ancient Greek history. Fascinating stuff, really. City-states, wars, civil wars . . .
And then I came across this site: AncientSites. (Sadly, this site is closing down on the 30th of this month. I shall miss it greatly.) It's actually a conglomerate mess of member homepages, groups, and a gathering place for history lovers like me.
The point of this place is not to discuss ancient history, actually. It's to roleplay as a character in a historical setting. When I first joined as a member there, for example, I began posting at the bulletin boards as a slave in Thebes, 3rd Century BC, who runs away, eventually gains her freedom, and settles down in a new home. (No happy ending in sight yet, I'm afraid.) For the most part, the historical part of it is accurate Ń and remember, I said "for the most part." Some other folks who post there don't care much for accuracy; they just post because they want to be part of the story. Those who do care for historical accuracy do research . . . which is what I started to do. This history stuff was starting to get a lot more interesting.
Come March 20, I will have been a member of AncientSites for six months. And now I'm a member of more than one group, have many friends, and just totally love history.
Here's another example. Yesterday a friend and I were RPGing together for the heck of it. For some reason, I think hanging around this site too much has stimulated my poetic tendencies, because I write prose for just about anything that inspires me . . . and that's, well, everything. (And you're talking to a girl who hated poetry in high school!) Well, my friend has a Spartan character, and I was still doing the freed slave bit Ń and I'm also a spy for the Athenian army. Neat, huh? Well, the setting is Thermopylae, or "Hot Gates" in Greek. Realistically, the Greeks did actually fight a battle here in 480 BC, against the Persians . . . and lost. But their deaths weren't a waste; a few months later they beat the crap out of the Persians and sent 'em all crying home. Now the Persians are back (at least in our story), we're back at the Hot Gates, and something's going to happen here, obviously. The following poem came out of that RPG session.
Dawn of Battle
I've got this neat little thing about Thermopylae that I printed off the Web now hanging on my wall.
I've gotten bit real bad by the history bug . . . and I don't want to do a dang thing about it!
© 2001 - 2002
Sarah Navarro
© 2001 - 2002


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2016 APTA Colorado Election
The APTA Colorado chapter's 2016 elections opened on Friday, April 1, 2016, for a two-week period and concluded at 2:30 pm on Saturday, April 16, 2016.
The following candidates were elected for the offices designated below:
Director At Large
Delegate At Large
Alternate Delegate At Large
Chief Delegate Elect
Nominating Committee
Following is a summary and the election results of the The Amendment to the Bylaws which were included on the electronic ballot. Bylaws amendments must pass by two-thirds of the voting membership.
Click here to join.
Want to hear the latest news on the physical therapy industry in Colorado and receive information on upcoming events? Please complete this form and you'll be added to our free email list. If you'd like information on membership, please call us at 303-351-5397 or email [email protected].
Colorado has a developing community integrated falls prevention commission which APTA Colorado is actively engaged with to seek strategies for community falls prevention. Click here to learn more.
Thu Feb 28, 2019CARe SIG Event - Feb. 27: "Physical Therapy Practice & Mechanical Ventilation: so adVENTageous!"
Category: SIG Events
Thu Mar 7, 2019CE SIG Event - March 7: "It's a Two-way Street"
Category: SIG Events
Sat Mar 9, 2019PAID ADVERTISEMENT: Wichita State University in Partnership with Providence Physical Therapy presents: Blood Flow Restrictions Workshops (pBFR)
Category: Paid Advertisements
Wed Mar 13, 2019PSIG Event - March 13: " The Movement System is Coming to Pediatric PT"
Category: SIG Events
Sat Mar 16, 2019Manual Therapy Interventions for the Physical Therapist Assistant – Lumbopelvic & Lower Quarter
Category: PT PAC Event
Sat Mar 30, 2019Get a leg up! Manual Therapy in the Lower Extremity
Category: Chapter Wide Events
Sat Apr 6, 2019NE District Event - April 6: Understanding Central Sensitization and the Neuroimmune System to Optimize Patient Recovery
Category: District Events
Wed Apr 17, 2019CE SIG Event - April 17: "We Need to Talk"
Category: SIG Events
Thu Apr 25, 2019PAID ADVERTISEMENT: 2019 Colorado AMTA State Massage Therapy Convention
Category: Paid Advertisements


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— The Openherd Team
Jaime Rene Evans - February 25, 1976
Herdsire for Helping is a group of Alpaca Farms that have gotten together over the years to help other alpaca farmers in need. In 2013 the group started and helped Brett Wicker from Four Season Alpaca Farm, a young alpaca farmer that was diagnosed with cancer. Now we are in 2017 and we have regrouped for one of our own. Eric & Jaime Evans own Pactamere Alpaca Farm in Goochland VA. Over a year ago Jaime was participating in a mud run and scratched her leg. The leg became infected and no matter what medical treatment was done it continued to be infected and the infection ravished her body. In 2016 Jaime was transferred to UVA hospital in Virginia where they immediately diagnosed her with Leukemia, a very rare form but thankfully treatable. We all breathed a sigh of relief knowing that with the help of friends and of course a lot of prayers Jaime would be ok. Jaime then became sick with a fever right before Christmas and had to be hospitalized again. The doctors were very puzzled because Jaime's symptoms were not following the path of the Leukemia they had diagnosed her with. More bone marrow was taken and more testing was done and all of our worst fears came out....Jaime was diagnosed with a very rare and aggressive type of cancer, T Cell Lymphoma. Eric and Jaime headed to MD Anderson in Houston earlier this month (January 2017) for a second opinion where the diagnosis of T Cell Lymphoma was confirmed. She is now currently undergoing chemotherapy and we are all praying for a miracle. Herdsires for Helping, along with a whole group of amazing, caring, and giving people will be putting together another fabulous auction to raise money for the Evans. Please take a look at these herdsires as 100% of the money raised from this auction will be donated to Eric and Jaime.If you do not wish to bid on a breeding but would still like to donate, we can help you there also! Simply send us an email and we will put you in the right direction. We thank you in advance for you kindness and generosity. "No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted." JAIME UPDATES: February 14th - Round 2....lets get it on!! It was a very long day of appointments but the doctors say she is ready for the next round. We just got in the room and we are getting the party started as I type. Thank you very much to Mr. Paul Misterka for making the "Team Jaime" hats and lip balm!!! Jaime loved them and Grace was a very big fan as well!! She thinks mommy is famous now that she has her own lip balm!!February 12 - Well it has been quite a week! Things became quite crazy and down right scary with Jaime during her stay at UVA. They determined the swelling in her face to be primarily cellulitis but they also suspected her to have a sinus infection again. In addition she began to experience a lot of pain on the right side of her body and later had rashes appear that were warm and quite tender to the touch as well. After a couple days the
We're glad that you found us on the web. Please take a look at our sales lists and enjoy learning more about our farm. We welcome your inquiries and questions!


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Our unconscious urges and imagination are the driving forces of our overall nature, but when we confront them, they can seem completely strange to us. The unmitigated primal quality behind the social self seems uncivilised and uncultivated. Our higher self must indeed have a profound part to play in channelling our raw nature into the…… Continue reading Society- the conscious mind's attempt to develop the subconscious?
Tag: Freud
Is reality a simulation? Some preliminary thoughts
The world has become captivated by the idea that we may be living in some sort of 'matrix', ever since the fact that Elon Musk believed this to be the case became a popular meme. Are we really living in a computer simulation? And more to the point, what would the implications of this be…… Continue reading Is reality a simulation? Some preliminary thoughts


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A lesson that i would never forget essay
Login to Mark as Read Based on a true story. It was Friday early in the morning around 04: At that moment I was irritated and dizzy, because I was beginning to feel the warmth of the blankets and enjoying my sleep. I jumped out of the bed fuming.
- Not only did the restless sleep continue for the next few weeks, but the next few weeks at work were very different also. Listening to the engines start was a constant reminder of the lesson learned, as all I could think about was the destruction this machine unleashed on Perry.
- The doctor expects a full recovery, but for now, Perry slowly walks with a limp.
- I opened the kraal gate and took the cows to the forest, leaving the calves in the kraal. She tried to comfort me on our walk to Perry's room.
- I started to leave for my next delivery when I noticed my coworker Perry signaling for me to come over.
I was scared because my grandmother was furious. She was shouting and screaming at me. I quickly ran out of the house to relieve myself. All I could hear was the whistling of the cold wind blowing from west to the east. Everybody was running around preparing for work. I was getting ready to go to the kraal. But the problem was there were no clothes for me to wear. And I always wore big sizes, dirty and old clothes because I was sharing clothes with my cousins.
They were careless and rough. Finally I found a blue work suit, but it was big.
A day I'll never forget
I put it on without any problem and quickly ran to the kraal barefoot before my grandmother screamed again. My feet were cracking the snow that was scattered on the grass. I quickly grabbed an empty bucket, rushed to the kraal and separated the cows from their calves.
I started milking the cows, and within thirty minutes I was finished with all three cows. I opened the kraal gate and took the cows to the forest, leaving the calves in the kraal. And I came back running to take the milk to the house. Our house was situated next to the river. I was shaking and shivering. I quickly started a fire and put the black pot on the fire so that I could make some tea for the whole family before they could leave. My aim was to take a quick bath before I could do anything, but there was no time for that.
Most of the time we bath at the end of the month when we are going to town during school holidays. On that day the elders were going to the local clinic and it was far away from the farm we stayed in. When they were busy preparing themselves, my brothers and sisters went to work. I took an axe and went to the forest to chop wood. When I came back they were already gone.
I took an empty bucket and went to the river to fetch water. My cousins were also there to help me. There were other people from the area. They were enjoying themselves, dancing and singing as the elders were gone.
- I opened the kraal gate and took the cows to the forest, leaving the calves in the kraal. We started kissing and touching girls like elders do.
- Sometimes the bad stuff that we were doing felt like a day-dream.
- Not only did the restless sleep continue for the next few weeks, but the next few weeks at work were very different also. I laid in bed for hours thinking about it before I finally fell asleep.
We started doing stupid things that we do when our elders are not around. We cooked, made tea for ourselves time and again. And we even started hurting and playing with the calves, chickens, birds and pigs.
'A Lesson I'll Never Forget' - Narrative Essay
We started kissing and touching girls like elders do. We were only between the ages of twelve and fourteen. We ended up having sex. Some of the girls agreed to sleep with us but we forced ourselves on others and beat them. It was rape but we were unaware then. We were swopping girls amongst ourselves.
We went on almost the whole day. Some of them were enjoying themselves but others we screaming and crying. When the elders arrived we acted as if nothing had happened.
We made them tea and starting chopping the wood, cooking, herding the cows and milking the cows before sunset. Others were cooking for the dogs before my brothers went to hunt.
Mostly we hunted at night during the week from 08: And during weekends we used to go fishing at the river. Life was not easy at all. We did hard labour with our elders during school holidays, and they would only reward us with sweets and fruits. When school opened we used to wake up early in the morning around 03: We walked two and half hours to school and most of us had no shoes. Our elders earned peanuts. And sometimes the farmers would threaten and sometimes beat us on our way from school.
Sometimes the bad stuff that we were doing felt like a day-dream.
- That shouldn't be like that;
- The girls were scared to tell their elders because they were strict;
- Questions instantly started to race through my mind;
- I climbed down from the machine and watched as Perry was lifted off of the grinder;
- The slow motion flashbacks of watching his legs break were back;
- His legs were now flat like pancakes and the bone stuck out his right leg.
We were young to force girls to sleep with us; that was rape. Most of the time we did the same on our way from school. The girls were scared to tell their elders because they were strict.
They always beat us very badly, and were abusive both emotionally and physically. You would be beaten up more than six hours. They were always right even when they were wrong.
And most of them abused alcohol especially towards the end of the month. I feel like bursting into tears when I think about the things that I passed through. I mean wearing dirty, old oily clothes. I walked bare-foot through cold, sunny and rainy weather. Sleeping on an empty stomach became a norm.
You would sleep without bathing, scratch and rub yourself the whole night. But it was a lesson.


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|National Archives and Records Administration: Sec Navy Requisitions on Sec Treas, RG45
|September 21, 1796
|Author Name
|James McHenry Location: Philadelphia
|Recipient Name
|Jacob Sheafe (primary)
|Request to Jacob Sheaffe to send some pieces of live oak and plank, whether oak or pine, to Boston and to send some live oak or pine as selected by Josiah Fox, for the frigate to be constructed at Portsmouth New Hampshire. Discusses the means of selection, sorting and valuation of timbers.
|Document Format
|Document Notes
|[not available]
|Content Notes
|[not available]
|Related Persons/Groups
|Jacob Sheafe; naval agent; Secretary of War; James McHenry; War Department; War Office; James Hackett; naval constructor; Josiah Fox; ;
|Related Places
|War Office; War Department; Philadelphia; Portsmouth New Hampshire; Boston; ;
|frigate; frigate timbers; live oak; oak; pine; planks; ;
|Key Phrases
|[not available]
|Transcription [Note: Transcriptions are works in progress and maybe partial. Please help us correct any errors or omissions by signing up for a transcription account.]
|[not available]


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Jane Skilton MW
Wine Writer and Educator
Jane Skilton began her wine career in London over 25 years ago and in true British style, celebrated passing the gruelling Master of Wine examination in 1993 with a weak cup of tea.
Since then Jane has continued to take an active role in MW activities around the globe and is a member of the MW Council and coordinator of the annual Australian Educational Seminar.
She moved to New Zealand in 2000 with her young family and founded the NZ School of Wines and Spirits, teaching the WSET qualifications and general wine courses to trade and consumers. She is also the busy Wine Director for Le Cordon Bleu New Zealand, dividing her time between Auckland and LCB's central Wellington campus to teach and assess students.
Skilton is the wine editor for Food Magazine, is a regular contributor to publications in Australia, Singapore and China and is a founding member of the Wine Writers of New Zealand group. She enjoys judging and has been a guest International Judge in Rutherglen, Brisbane, Margaret River, Hobart, Shanghai and Tokyo. Her acerbic wit and ferociously funny presenting style means she's an in-demand speaker and discussion panellist at key wine events around New Zealand. In her spare time she endeavours to keep the www.independentwinemonthly.co.nz site (which she co-manages with Emma Jenkins MW), up to date. (Janes words – not mine – she is famous for her self-deprecation and I think she'd prefer the description to remain that way)


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Site de la masturbation masculineUploader: Samson 29 days ago Subscribe 4240
37478 views
Tag: site de la masturbation masculine
Per saperne di pi. See Download clips nothing join! Fap is onomatopoeic Internet slang for masturbation. He started with a regime not unlike that of a pregnant woman, giving up booze, weed, and caffeine. Catch them ferociously definition, stimulation or manipulation one's own genitals, especially sexual self-gratification. Maybe you are in denial that you are this type of man.


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Fubon Guardians (14-18) at Chinatrust Brothers (12-20)
Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium
Sunday, August 27, 2017
Sunday, August 27, 2017
WP: No. 38 Huang Yi-Chih (2-4, 6.13 ERA)
LP: No. 5 Bryan Woodall (11-7, 3.39 ERA)
S: No. 17 Chang Keng-Hao (3)
MVP: Guardians SP Huang Yi-Chih (7 IP, 1 R, 1 ER, 7 K, 3 BB)
MVP: Guardians SP Huang Yi-Chih (7 IP, 1 R, 1 ER, 7 K, 3 BB)
Home Runs:
Guardians: None
Brothers: None
Brothers: None
Game Notes:
- A night after winning a game in which they committed three errors (although it should've been about six), the Brothers made just one error, but it was a very costly one as pitcher Bryan Woodall's throw to second on a double-play attempt in the third bounced off second baseman Chiang Chih-Hsien's glove and into shallow left field. The error, which was charged to Woodall but could've gone either way, allowed the Guardians to score two unearned runs in the inning and they would go on to win 3-1.
- Guardians SP Huang Yi-Chih turned in his best start since March 25, going seven innings while allowing one run on five hits. He struck out seven and walked three.
- Woodall was also quality on Sunday night, giving up three runs -- one earned -- and six hits over seven innings.
- Having pitched in three straight games, Guardians closer Kuo Hung-Chih was given the night off and Cheng Keng-Hao converted his third save of the season.
- The Brothers are now half-a-game behind the Lions in the full-season standings.
Attendance:Game time: 3:37